Literary Friendship A
Response:
"Ajia Dafu's
and Yu ko"
Sat6 Haruo's first Yu expressed
his
for
Sat• writing
Haruo's
respect in brief no
entitled
essay a
"Haishang •_•_
•'• tongxin" • (Correspondence from sea) the in Creation the Weekly Nationalism Friendship, and Literature, in
October of the 1923.
professed In
genuine Yu preference
for Sat6 essay,
a
among
Japanese
writers admitting contemporary while
that
there
writers
better
many
were
Keaveney Christopher
T.
known highly and
3 lauded in China than Sat6 likely
is Haruo.
It that
the
more writers
two
College
Linfield
introduced
by in
•
Tian [] 1922 (1898-1979) Han already who acquainted were
was
Satr, with
Satr.
who
visited
Taiwan
in 1920,
had
well-documented
affection for
a
appeared by •
Jg. •'•
there hyoron
Nippon •J issue of the March
1938
In
essay
an
classical
Chinese
literature
and familiar
with
several
Chinese
writers
and
was young
writer friend, Chinese (1885-1976)
q• ,,• the
his • • about Mushanok•ji • t],
Saneatsu
4
intellectuals.
praised •'• of
refined
N )v is
Zhou (1885-1967).
the
In
Zhou Zuoren
man
as
a essay,
doubt,
Yu,
also felt certain gratitude
debt
literary of
whose Sat6
had works
no
to
a
Mushanokoji by
adhered
nonviolence
espousing Tolstoyan creed
of
the
to
peace, same
inspiration
served
and touchstone
early for his
efforts.
1927,
In when as an Sat6
own
Mushanokrji expressed
his
nations, warring
enmity Despite
between the himself. the
two
Haruo, wife, his
niece and
Shanghai, visit
determined
made guide Yu effort
to
came
to
a
intellectual, personal if
and
felt
loyal he friend with whom
remain
intent
strong
to
to a
a the
Satrs
various
sites of cultural interest.
by to
Both writers time, that
relatively
were,
Mushanok6ji's
nevertheless propagandistic,
Unabashedly
political,
kinship.
essay
not
figures influential
in respective their literary
communities and this
visit
high
marked
the
communities.
literary relationship
positive depicted between the
two
point friendship. a
their of
Mushanokrji's
inclusion the in the
sympathetic generally of
Given the
essay, tone
later,
Some
behest the
the of scholar
Toramaru, niece, Sat6
It6
at Haruo's years
hyoron
Nippon of Sat• Haruo's issue of
•,•
• • ,•, same
Chieko
•,
the of
visit 1927
China and
her memories of wrote Dafu.
Yu
to
portrayal
unflattering
provided of
inflammatory
Asia), which (Children
of
story
an
an
According
although
her
the
Satrs by
entertained
account, to
number
of Chinese
were
a
;• • •
5• (1892-
••
•
(1896-1945)
and Guo Moruo
Dafu of.Yu the lives
in
events
literary
celebrities,
it Dafu Yu
who the
them
welcome
and the
warmest spent
was
gave
the between of relations
unsettled bitterly underscored the ironic and
1978),
state
was
showing time
them
Shanghai • both
around Hangzhou. most and Moreover,
she
recounts
particular, took
in during Yu, literary the communities 1930s. and Chinese
Japanese
how
conformed
satisfy
Yu
schedule his
desire their culturally visit significant
sites
to
to
"Riben called
in
his ire
portrayal exception and
in the
his
story vent to
essay
to
an gave
by
taking
Hangzhou visit them
and
the
when Lake
Tian West to
canceled Han
a
•
• whores). •
literary
2qg: 3• and
)V (Japanese i•l •
changfu"
[]
wenshi de
men
yu
commitment
Nanjing
take them
polkical
due Again,
to
toward
the the to end of
to
unrest.
formal also
simple
of Satr's It
criticism
than
The story.
a was
essay
more a
visit, was
Satrs'
appointed late
for Yu
meal with
being the after Sates by
detained
the
was
an
already friendship
had
that
literary association
and of
termination declaration of the
a
They authorities.
later discovered slip he that
had
beneath
the
surveillance of the
to
literary complicated by of the
relationship
further spanned
The
fifteen
matter
years.
was
authorities
in
order 6
them last
departure. before time their to
see
one
during
Dafu self-referential fiction Yu influence--specifically
of Satr's
influence
the
on
during
this
visit, It
Uchiyama while • •
j•_ •J
Kanzr's bookstore
in
at
was
of the impossible with
is writer. formative
It nature his
to
accuracy any gauge
years
as a
Shanghai,
that Sat6 learned
of Haruo
the death friend
of his
rival and Japanese the
in
apparently form, least took the
during but it relationship those
writers' at the
years, two
•_ figure j< bundan
established relationship the
mentor-disciple between initially, of
a
May China, though
Fourth
significance it fails the
of
Japanese
suggest to
contemporary
era
initiate, (1892-1964)
and the Yu.
Sat6
young
development literature
Yu's writer; Cheng's Ching-mao
Impact
"The
Japanese of
on as essay, a
occasions,
and
several work
genuine
for Satr's
acknowledged admiration
Yu
on
Literary
Trends Modem briefly (pp. Chinese
Writers"
63-88),
the
influence of the
treats
on
another relate
writers the
the
dictate admiration to to this
two
one to were
way
Japanese was shishrsetsu (I-novel) Dafu Yu and the other Society. &the members
Creation
on
thereafter.:
• )• • • • 5• • 3•b, • "Zuoteng Toramam • It6 7q• J2•
Chunfu Dafu"
(Sat6 Yu
Hamo
yu
ff• •-• •
Dafu), • Zhongguo [• •rA and
Yu gg (February xiandai 1993), 206-14.
wenxue pp.
explanation
of his
4 included
and
1920, Sat6 Zhou Zuoren In Mushanokrji's four introduction months in exchanged Taiwan
which he in
spent
to educator
with the an
poetry essay
was an
readers. literary Chinese [• trends
•t• • Japanese
Jingheng Chen
information disseminating about
guide
to who acted the role contemporary in in
much
eight
Dafu
Yu
would
a as
way same
as
1938). (March hyOron during
Zuoren),
Nippon • (Zhou later Shanghai. Satr's
;• "Shfi Sakunin" • Mushanokrji Huang visit Saneatsu, Meizi Sat6 Taiwan, Haruo
to
years
to
Dafu and Chagoku:"Hoshi"omegutteg:•zj•Y#5•z•-•'•, Yu Japanese literature of concerning influence • English •[•: the z scholarship Although in •"((SatrHaruoand
on
of articles several limited,
there Concerning rather China: Taiwan and is note. relationship Star") and Sat6 (Tsukuba: University Hamo bmveen "The Yu the Tsukuba
Thesis, Master's
are
question of
the writers and relationship the 1983).
between the which focuses article One two
on
and Yu Novel
According Haruo's Den 'en y•utsu and.Coherence?
Sat6 Sat6
Chieko's Radtke's "Chaos
is day influence the Satrs
Kurt Yu
guided the first
to them and greet
account, no
to
came
York:
St. (New Rethinking Japan eds.,
al.,
Bosaro, around Chenlun," Trilogy in Adriana several
DaN's occasions after information that. This
in et from several letters Sat•
on
appears
Goldman,
chapters
Merle
noting in Work
Toramaru, worth Chieko Also It6 1985), 1,
vol. scholar 86-101. describing Press, of the Dafu, Martin's life and of two
Yu the
to Satrs'
1927
are
pp.
a
University Harvard (Cambridge, Mass.: •1• Toramam,/ku L•. • May •(Jc visit. See Fourth Era • • the It6 Tappu shiry6 ed., • Chinese Literature (Edited Modern hoben in
additional materials
Literature"
Modem Chinese Dafu)
(Tokyo: Transition the Egan's Trky6 Dafu and daigaku "Yu Yu Michael 2, 1977); 1975), Press, bunken
to
vol. 199-204.
senti,
on
essay,
pp.
expression in literary 6 development modem of shiry6 Tappu
Itr, hoben, Iku contribution the Yu's 309-24), (pp. examines 2, vol. 201. to p.
21 22
Literary Friendship A
Response:
"Ajia Dafu's
and Yu ko"
Sat6 Haruo's first Yu expressed
his
for
Sat• writing
Haruo's
respect in brief no
entitled
essay a
"Haishang •_•_
•'• tongxin" • (Correspondence from sea) the in Creation the Weekly Nationalism Friendship, and Literature, in
October of the 1923.
professed In
genuine Yu preference
for Sat6 essay,
a
among
Japanese
writers admitting contemporary while
that
there
writers
better
many
were
Keaveney Christopher
T.
known highly and
3 lauded in China than Sat6 likely
is Haruo.
It that
the
more writers
two
College
Linfield
introduced
by in
•
Tian [] 1922 (1898-1979) Han already who acquainted were
was
Satr, with
Satr.
who
visited
Taiwan
in 1920,
had
well-documented
affection for
a
appeared by •
Jg. •'•
there hyoron
Nippon •J issue of the March
1938
In
essay
an
classical
Chinese
literature
and familiar
with
several
Chinese
writers
and
was young
writer friend, Chinese (1885-1976)
q• ,,• the
his • • about Mushanok•ji • t],
Saneatsu
4
intellectuals.
praised •'• of
refined
N )v is
Zhou (1885-1967).
the
In
Zhou Zuoren
man
as
a essay,
doubt,
Yu,
also felt certain gratitude
debt
literary of
whose Sat6
had works
no
to
a
Mushanokoji by
adhered
nonviolence
espousing Tolstoyan creed
of
the
to
peace, same
inspiration
served
and touchstone
early for his
efforts.
1927,
In when as an Sat6
own
Mushanokrji expressed
his
nations, warring
enmity Despite
between the himself. the
two
Haruo, wife, his
niece and
Shanghai, visit
determined
made guide Yu effort
to
came
to
a
intellectual, personal if
and
felt
loyal he friend with whom
remain
intent
strong
to
to a
a the
Satrs
various
sites of cultural interest.
by to
Both writers time, that
relatively
were,
Mushanok6ji's
nevertheless propagandistic,
Unabashedly
political,
kinship.
essay
not
figures influential
in respective their literary
communities and this
visit
high
marked
the
communities.
literary relationship
positive depicted between the
two
point friendship. a
their of
Mushanokrji's
inclusion the in the
sympathetic generally of
Given the
essay, tone
later,
Some
behest the
the of scholar
Toramaru, niece, Sat6
It6
at Haruo's years
hyoron
Nippon of Sat• Haruo's issue of
•,•
• • ,•, same
Chieko
•,
the of
visit 1927
China and
her memories of wrote Dafu.
Yu
to
portrayal
unflattering
provided of
inflammatory
Asia), which (Children
of
story
an
an
According
although
her
the
Satrs by
entertained
account, to
number
of Chinese
were
a
;• • •
5• (1892-
••
•
(1896-1945)
and Guo Moruo
Dafu of.Yu the lives
in
events
literary
celebrities,
it Dafu Yu
who the
them
welcome
and the
warmest spent
was
gave
the between of relations
unsettled bitterly underscored the ironic and
1978),
state
was
showing time
them
Shanghai • both
around Hangzhou. most and Moreover,
she
recounts
particular, took
in during Yu, literary the communities 1930s. and Chinese
Japanese
how
conformed
satisfy
Yu
schedule his
desire their culturally visit significant
sites
to
to
"Riben called
in
his ire
portrayal exception and
in the
his
story vent to
essay
to
an gave
by
taking
Hangzhou visit them
and
the
when Lake
Tian West to
canceled Han
a
•
• whores). •
literary
2qg: 3• and
)V (Japanese i•l •
changfu"
[]
wenshi de
men
yu
commitment
Nanjing
take them
polkical
due Again,
to
toward
the the to end of
to
unrest.
formal also
simple
of Satr's It
criticism
than
The story.
a was
essay
more a
visit, was
Satrs'
appointed late
for Yu
meal with
being the after Sates by
detained
the
was
an
already friendship
had
that
literary association
and of
termination declaration of the
a
They authorities.
later discovered slip he that
had
beneath
the
surveillance of the
to
literary complicated by of the
relationship
further spanned
The
fifteen
matter
years.
was
authorities
in
order 6
them last
departure. before time their to
see
one
during
Dafu self-referential fiction Yu influence--specifically
of Satr's
influence
the
on
during
this
visit, It
Uchiyama while • •
j•_ •J
Kanzr's bookstore
in
at
was
of the impossible with
is writer. formative
It nature his
to
accuracy any gauge
years
as a
Shanghai,
that Sat6 learned
of Haruo
the death friend
of his
rival and Japanese the
in
apparently form, least took the
during but it relationship those
writers' at the
years, two
•_ figure j< bundan
established relationship the
mentor-disciple between initially, of
a
May China, though
Fourth
significance it fails the
of
Japanese
suggest to
contemporary
era
initiate, (1892-1964)
and the Yu.
Sat6
young
development literature
Yu's writer; Cheng's Ching-mao
Impact
"The
Japanese of
on as essay, a
occasions,
and
several work
genuine
for Satr's
acknowledged admiration
Yu
on
Literary
Trends Modem briefly (pp. Chinese
Writers"
63-88),
the
influence of the
treats
on
another relate
writers the
the
dictate admiration to to this
two
one to were
way
Japanese was shishrsetsu (I-novel) Dafu Yu and the other Society. &the members
Creation
on
thereafter.:
• )• • • • 5• • 3•b, • "Zuoteng Toramam • It6 7q• J2•
Chunfu Dafu"
(Sat6 Yu
Hamo
yu
ff• •-• •
Dafu), • Zhongguo [• •rA and
Yu gg (February xiandai 1993), 206-14.
wenxue pp.
explanation
of his
4 included
and
1920, Sat6 Zhou Zuoren In Mushanokrji's four introduction months in exchanged Taiwan
which he in
spent
to educator
with the an
poetry essay
was an
readers. literary Chinese [• trends
•t• • Japanese
Jingheng Chen
information disseminating about
guide
to who acted the role contemporary in in
much
eight
Dafu
Yu
would
a as
way same
as
1938). (March hyOron during
Zuoren),
Nippon • (Zhou later Shanghai. Satr's
;• "Shfi Sakunin" • Mushanokrji Huang visit Saneatsu, Meizi Sat6 Taiwan, Haruo
to
years
to
Dafu and Chagoku:"Hoshi"omegutteg:•zj•Y#5•z•-•'•, Yu Japanese literature of concerning influence • English •[•: the z scholarship Although in •"((SatrHaruoand
on
of articles several limited,
there Concerning rather China: Taiwan and is note. relationship Star") and Sat6 (Tsukuba: University Hamo bmveen "The Yu the Tsukuba
Thesis, Master's
are
question of
the writers and relationship the 1983).
between the which focuses article One two
on
and Yu Novel
According Haruo's Den 'en y•utsu and.Coherence?
Sat6 Sat6
Chieko's Radtke's "Chaos
is day influence the Satrs
Kurt Yu
guided the first
to them and greet
account, no
to
came
York:
St. (New Rethinking Japan eds.,
al.,
Bosaro, around Chenlun," Trilogy in Adriana several
DaN's occasions after information that. This
in et from several letters Sat•
on
appears
Goldman,
chapters
Merle
noting in Work
Toramaru, worth Chieko Also It6 1985), 1,
vol. scholar 86-101. describing Press, of the Dafu, Martin's life and of two
Yu the
to Satrs'
1927
are
pp.
a
University Harvard (Cambridge, Mass.: •1• Toramam,/ku L•. • May •(Jc visit. See Fourth Era • • the It6 Tappu shiry6 ed., • Chinese Literature (Edited Modern hoben in
additional materials
Literature"
Modem Chinese Dafu)
(Tokyo: Transition the Egan's Trky6 Dafu and daigaku "Yu Yu Michael 2, 1977); 1975), Press, bunken
to
vol. 199-204.
senti,
on
essay,
pp.
expression in literary 6 development modem of shiry6 Tappu
Itr, hoben, Iku contribution the Yu's 309-24), (pp. examines 2, vol. 201. to p.
21 22
activities
February in
1929, another Yu's association
Akutagawa with J•
(1892-1927). led
Xun Lu
formation • the • ,:2_
l[ the of
Ryfinosuke
to Akutagawa
bundan,
was
League
Leftist (Zhongguo of •0
Writers
lianmeng zuoyi fact, [] •, ;•! 1• in •
) the Sates
and literature, in
and whose 1930
culture
Chinese revered
were, who writer Japanese
primary
objective during
production the stayed Socialist,
• had j•, of 1• anti-imperialist Akutagawa
•
literature. where Wansuiguan hotel, was
the
staying the
at
same
During
these
the ambivalence
Japan
toward always felt--Japan that had 7 Yu years,
earlier.
several
visit
years
a
exemplar
the
of modernization
bastion
and focal Shanghai,
the of rich traditional
(1885-1959) juxtaposed
in culture with
Uchiyama
by bookstore, Kanz6
a
was The
run
imperialist Japan
the
particularly aggressor--became
literary and Japanese arrived
Chinese the in Yu Japan developed in between acute. 1913 had lively interaction that point
of
the
of
through and writer involvement
his at both
seventeen, himself in Chinese
1913, age
in student
China there
Uchiyama, had first who communities.
a to
was groups
come
increasingly
became
critical
imperialism Japanese in of developed his bookstore admiring while in Japan's that literary salon economic the literature,
and
of Chinese
student and
Like
Chinese intellectuals visits during generation, of their his progress. affection writers
Yu's for
Japanese Japanese goings many to of
comings and
Shanghai facilitated
the
culture
Japanese the and.
people
writers counterpoised
important
by Japanese
his abhorrence
of
number military its of mid-thirties
through
the
the was
China.
From
teens
a
•:
policies.
However,
intensity 1• the (1886- •
IIN Japanese of imperialism •- Junichir6
increased in Tanizaki Asia during Ryfinosuke,
and Akutagawa as including
Satr,
thirties the did anti-imperialist
Dafu's Yu
and
knowledge writers
activities. Japanese modern Yu's Japanese of of trend continuing so China,
journeyed
1968)
to
a
society
economics
1860s.8
and boon
the League
Writers, Leftist of
his and role in to the
began in the visiting was China a that intellectuals
jeopardized
League
generally the good reputation enjoyed Shanghai Chinese he Drama the Although
Japan.
in
shop in soon
Uchiyama Kanz•'s
centered
in
Also
was
early
his works fiction of comprised • praised had of been both "• anti-imperialist • which, in ;1• Japan, ) • his •1• writings the of yanjiuhui (Zhina ju Society
Research
early a3
thirties
banned,
the
dedicated
and
by
presided Tian Han to were
soon members,
and Japanese Chinese was
over was
Uchiyama's 9 through
It drama. Chinese traditional and study of both
contemporary was
Drawing
Ideological
Lines
and
and Tian Han Dafu with himself reacquaint Yu to
able
that Sat6 intercession
to
was
By
Although
the
the (1891-1962) time. focus writing of i• first • for YU's the shifted
along
in including Shi late twenties the intellectuals his with Hu.
other
meet
contemporaries
strengthened
"literary from
had revolution" "revolutionary China, literature,"
Haruo nearly month
in
several of his Japan after returned to
the Satrs time
to
a
collections
from with the late acquaintance
Yu twenties literary qualities exhibited
conventional observable his
world, in
literary and earlier fiction. Chinese
with the his ties
a
collections, These
• Guoquji • which • included (The past),
comprised
friendship.
genuine of both
ripened into had Dafu
are
a
the and periodically self-referential
literature
brought which exchange letters early
continued of his much
essays Yu Thereafter, writers the
as to
two
success.
becoming While
familiarity
Yu
involved and anti-Japanese warmth
following
The in activities,
by the Sat6
Sat6 by was letter
Yu evidenced
ever
more
year. to sent
a
Haruo,
early
writings whose demonstrated developed
the
between political predilections,
quickly had. bond
that
continuation two of the
overt
letter men of the
suggest
no
a
caught became
political the Shanghai suburb, in fervor
of hiding Satr, the
in Mushanokrji for For
virtual
in
still who and up previous
Yu, the letter
In the
era.
a
as
was a year.
of number other
implored established
writers day, Sat6 the of allying that he society. Moreover, to Chinese
with
misgivings oneself of the the writers
expressed
about
meant
state
intellectuals and
supported who
increasing being Japan's able imperialistic
expressed about aggression. behalf, and Mushanok•ji regrets his
not Saneatsu
contact
on
according accordance
In the but, with cultural climate
a°
thirties, Japan after that
of Japan the in literary
visit to Sat•'s intended,
Yu
books
send Sat•
to soon
to was as
production during
this
testimony
bore repudiation
China. general
in
his of
earlier jeopardy modernist the due and
journey to in this
letter, unrest this era
to
a
was
•-• •:L shishosetsu style d"
narratives and
and consciously
Dafu Sat• toward relationship Haruo works
steeped between at Yu in when the
1928, and 1927 was In
move a
traditional
culture. Sat•'s established
already from thirties the forties and
and tended
Sat•
fictional China toward
literary in
rising
prose
closest, its Yu
star an was
was a
celebrations
mythic Japan's of
alongside Creation politically only with the charged involved
supportive time, past
the of Yu
bundan. At the Japanese
in
not writer
essays
was
Japan's
militarism
College the and
Shanghai of creation Law unified of teaching sphere Asian cultural •:[:) the
• ;•ll centered in
Japan also
(Chuangzaoshe but
Society at
a
was
emanating
Benliu and • (1881-1936) •
called outward
the of Asia. magazine with Xun monthly Lu
to rest begun
edit
had and
to
a
publication
Without declaration suspend enmity of the forced of
Society either
Sat• and • had
Creation part Yu •y• current). After the (Surging any to
man, on was
begun
irrevocably
early in the who, writers Both 1930s. to
least in
apart the
move
at
mind occupied Sato, of unique, had unequivocal
positions respective in literary their
family
Akutagawa's
condolence
of letter Akutagawa,
to 7 of admirer Yu, time sent
A.t this
a
an
p.200. 2,
hoben,
vol.
shiryO
Tappu
ItS,
Iku See
Sat6
for Hamol &deference
out
• •lJ
Toramam, •_• N ffJ •± It6 shiryO SOzOsha
Society
(Creation
materials)
(Tokyo: early Ajia modem shuppan, the journeying China in
writers
Japanese phenomenon of to the
about For
more
1979),
1.
of Travel
Fogel's book The Literature p.
A.
Joshua
China,
Hamo's visits including Sat6
to
see
era,
az
Although
Chinese experienced writers had Japan who 1996).
University students Press, exhibited
Stanford (Stanford:
similar
many
of China, 1862-1945 Rediscovery
Japanese as
the a
in
ambivalence
Japan (Guo toward
instance),
Zuoren, of Moruo and Zhou
for Journal Chinese
Harvard
China,"
writer
in Prewar Literary Travelers
"Japanese wrote Fogel's is no of Also
note
essay
vehemently
against
imperialism, Japanese
simultaneously exhibiting while
genuine
affection
as
(1989), 575-602.
Studies 49.2
Asiatic
pp.
•j•,,
Japanese • for -]• •l• • • • culture 5kz
Zidong did • Dafu Yu.
Xu
xinlun
de
Yu
(New
as
9
Tappu, 200. Iku
Itr,
p.
Dafu) (Hangzhou:
about
Zhejiang
Yu
wenyi chubanshe,
1984), Sat6's
following
219.
(1928),
period essays
the Sh•wa of the p. •0
dating the third
from
letter year From
year
a
a3
Dafu
Xu,
xinlun, de Yu
221.
2, p. 204. hoben, shiryO vol. Tappu Itr, Iku See visit China. p. to
24 23
activities
February in
1929, another Yu's association
Akutagawa with J•
(1892-1927). led
Xun Lu
formation • the • ,:2_
l[ the of
Ryfinosuke
to Akutagawa
bundan,
was
League
Leftist (Zhongguo of •0
Writers
lianmeng zuoyi fact, [] •, ;•! 1• in •
) the Sates
and literature, in
and whose 1930
culture
Chinese revered
were, who writer Japanese
primary
objective during
production the stayed Socialist,
• had j•, of 1• anti-imperialist Akutagawa
•
literature. where Wansuiguan hotel, was
the
staying the
at
same
During
these
the ambivalence
Japan
toward always felt--Japan that had 7 Yu years,
earlier.
several
visit
years
a
exemplar
the
of modernization
bastion
and focal Shanghai,
the of rich traditional
(1885-1959) juxtaposed
in culture with
Uchiyama
by bookstore, Kanz6
a
was The
run
imperialist Japan
the
particularly aggressor--became
literary and Japanese arrived
Chinese the in Yu Japan developed in between acute. 1913 had lively interaction that point
of
the
of
through and writer involvement
his at both
seventeen, himself in Chinese
1913, age
in student
China there
Uchiyama, had first who communities.
a to
was groups
come
increasingly
became
critical
imperialism Japanese in of developed his bookstore admiring while in Japan's that literary salon economic the literature,
and
of Chinese
student and
Like
Chinese intellectuals visits during generation, of their his progress. affection writers
Yu's for
Japanese Japanese goings many to of
comings and
Shanghai facilitated
the
culture
Japanese the and.
people
writers counterpoised
important
by Japanese
his abhorrence
of
number military its of mid-thirties
through
the
the was
China.
From
teens
a
•:
policies.
However,
intensity 1• the (1886- •
IIN Japanese of imperialism •- Junichir6
increased in Tanizaki Asia during Ryfinosuke,
and Akutagawa as including
Satr,
thirties the did anti-imperialist
Dafu's Yu
and
knowledge writers
activities. Japanese modern Yu's Japanese of of trend continuing so China,
journeyed
1968)
to
a
society
economics
1860s.8
and boon
the League
Writers, Leftist of
his and role in to the
began in the visiting was China a that intellectuals
jeopardized
League
generally the good reputation enjoyed Shanghai Chinese he Drama the Although
Japan.
in
shop in soon
Uchiyama Kanz•'s
centered
in
Also
was
early
his works fiction of comprised • praised had of been both "• anti-imperialist • which, in ;1• Japan, ) • his •1• writings the of yanjiuhui (Zhina ju Society
Research
early a3
thirties
banned,
the
dedicated
and
by
presided Tian Han to were
soon members,
and Japanese Chinese was
over was
Uchiyama's 9 through
It drama. Chinese traditional and
study of both
contemporary was
Drawing
Ideological
Lines
and
and Tian Han Dafu with himself reacquaint Yu to
able
that Sat6 intercession
to
was
By
Although
the
the (1891-1962) time. focus writing of i• first • for YU's the shifted
along
in including Shi late twenties the intellectuals his with Hu.
other
meet
contemporaries
strengthened
"literary from
had revolution" "revolutionary China, literature,"
Haruo nearly month
in
several of his Japan after returned to
the Satrs time
to
a
collections
from with the late acquaintance
Yu twenties literary qualities exhibited
conventional observable his
world, in
literary and earlier fiction. Chinese
with the
his ties
a
collections, These
• Guoquji • which • included (The past),
comprised
friendship.
genuine of both
ripened into had Dafu
are
a
the and periodically self-referential
literature
brought which exchange letters early
continued of his much
essays Yu Thereafter, writers the
as to
two
success.
becoming While
familiarity
Yu
involved and anti-Japanese warmth
following
The in activities,
by the Sat6
Sat6 by was letter
Yu
evidenced
ever
more
year. to sent
a
Haruo,
early
writings whose demonstrated developed
the
between political predilections,
quickly had. bond
that
continuation two of the
overt
letter men
of the
suggest
no
a
caught became
political the Shanghai suburb, in fervor
of hiding Satr, the
in Mushanokrji for For
virtual
in
still who and up previous
Yu, the letter
In the
era.
a
as
was a year.
of number other
implored established
writers day, Sat6 the of allying that he society. Moreover, to Chinese
with
misgivings oneself of the the writers
expressed
about
meant
state
intellectuals and
supported who
increasing being Japan's able imperialistic
expressed about aggression. behalf, and Mushanok•ji regrets his
not Saneatsu
contact
on
according accordance
In the but, with cultural climate
a°
thirties, Japan after that
of Japan the in literary
visit to Sat•'s intended,
Yu
books
send Sat•
to soon
to was as
production during
this
testimony
bore repudiation
China. general
in
his of
earlier jeopardy modernist the due and
journey to in this
letter, unrest
this era
to
a
was
•-• •:L shishosetsu style d"
narratives and
and consciously
Dafu Sat• toward relationship Haruo works
steeped between at Yu in when the
1928, and 1927 was In
move a
traditional
culture. Sat•'s established
already from thirties the forties and
and tended
Sat•
fictional China toward
literary in
rising
prose
closest,
its Yu
star an was
was a
celebrations
mythic Japan's of
alongside Creation politically only with the charged involved
supportive time, past
the of Yu
bundan. At the Japanese
in
not writer
essays
was
Japan's
militarism
College the and
Shanghai of creation Law unified of teaching sphere Asian cultural •:[:) the
• ;•ll centered in
Japan also
(Chuangzaoshe but
Society at
a
was
emanating
Benliu and • (1881-1936) •
called outward
the of Asia. magazine with Xun monthly Lu
to rest begun
edit
had
and
to
a
publication
Without declaration suspend enmity of the forced of
Society either
Sat• and • had
Creation part Yu •y• current). After the (Surging any to
man, on was
begun
irrevocably
early in the who, writers Both 1930s. to
least in
apart the
move
at
mind occupied Sato, of unique, had unequivocal
positions respective in literary their
family
Akutagawa's
condolence
of letter Akutagawa,
to 7 of admirer Yu, time sent
A.t this
a
an
p.200. 2,
hoben,
vol.
shiryO
Tappu
ItS,
Iku See
Sat6
for Hamol &deference
out
• •lJ
Toramam, •_• N ffJ •± It6 shiryO SOzOsha
Society
(Creation
materials)
(Tokyo: early Ajia modem shuppan, the journeying China in
writers
Japanese phenomenon of to the
about For
more
1979),
1.
of Travel
Fogel's book The Literature p.
A.
Joshua
China,
Hamo's visits including Sat6
to
see
era,
az
Although
Chinese experienced writers had Japan who 1996).
University students Press, exhibited
Stanford (Stanford:
similar
many
of China, 1862-1945 Rediscovery
Japanese as
the a
in
ambivalence
Japan (Guo toward
instance),
Zuoren, of Moruo and Zhou
for Journal Chinese
Harvard
China,"
writer
in Prewar Literary Travelers
"Japanese wrote Fogel's is no of Also
note
essay
vehemently
against
imperialism, Japanese
simultaneously exhibiting while
genuine
affection
as
(1989), 575-602.
Studies 49.2
Asiatic
pp.
•j•,,
Japanese • for -]• •l• • • • culture 5kz
Zidong did • Dafu Yu.
Xu
xinlun
de
Yu
(New
as
9
Tappu, 200. Iku
Itr,
p.
Dafu) (Hangzhou:
about
Zhejiang
Yu
wenyi chubanshe,
1984), Sat6's
following
219.
(1928),
period essays
the Sh•wa of the p. •0
dating the third
from
letter year From
year
a
a3
Dafu
Xu,
xinlun, de Yu
221.
2, p. 204. hoben, shiryO vol. Tappu Itr, Iku See visit China. p. to
24 23
by closed stating his remarks that the entrenched Literature
flourishing firmly
Protectionist that typical of their in writers
fairly proved end
be
the communities, in
age,
to
was
anti-imperialist.17
day
Chinese literature of
the leading anti-Japanese should
be but the
countries
in separated the partitions
ideological not that
up
behind the two years seen as
as
would have Dafu opportunity Yu his
last Japan be visit during
in by thirties by 1937, recounted the
both
written
works
to the
in this
Seen the
can
as men
to way,
war.
Guo
in
from Moruo
Thereafter, that relationships.
personal professional, Sat6 visited Haruo China
and
logical
their conclusion essay the year. conceived of an two
to
on
as
occasions,
for May weeks in
of
for and the 1937 co-founder about month of in trip May his role The
in position 1938.
two evident
anti-imperialist
Yu's While
a
as
was
sponsored by Japanese
the
disassociation China, from
complete
and in
northern signal his whereas government
spent did Writers, it
in
was Leftist
of League
was
way
no
during
journey September
the 18 of Shanghai he Hangzhou. visited Japan
1938 visited China, and
of invasion Japan's Yu It
of
the 1936, Japan. colleagues in
In
was
on eve
during
this • F• • participate "Ajia 1938, • that appeared.
Satr's meanwhile,
ko" Yu,
shinbun left
by Yomiuri
invited the year, to had been called Satr. same Yu and
no
on
Shanghai
the of Singapore end and changed fled 1938 where he Taibei his the in at held and
which to
literature
concerning Chinese symposium in
contemporary
was name
a
editing involved became in
Railway
TM place Taiwan
the
took
sojourn The following Japan. in
newspaper.
Yu's at month a event
"Ajia
f•
•=• ]•: appeared ko" -• • which in Nippon
the hyoron issue of March
bao
1938 shimin Taiwan the
recorded in day's
activities Hotel, each and no
was
was
days.15
19 originally
script. intended Although
film explicitly
Sat6
consecutive that stated In
six he
for December 24 from of the
as a
event, never
was
co-sponsor
newspaper,
a
using
and Dafu Guo Yu models characters, Moruo leading light for
his fictional
described casual is
he
day
of the
first Dafu the ofYu introduction event, as the
even as
a a
on
acquaintance biographies
the with of the goal
of writers it clear the makes that ostensible and
Guo Yu The only in two second literature, Lu Xun Chinese
in
stature.
to
were
inspiration immediate the for
these characters. while
Japan and China both literary trends in
symposium
discuss
contemporary
to
was
The
with evidently song" "theme
and which played writers
symposium story included be participants
in the questions. political opens avoiding Other meant to
a
was
beginning while the credits rolled lyrics the the of film. Asahi describe how The Asia representatives both the has from at
along
with
China Japan and
literary both critics from
long "awakened" been night from
light day face dawning the
•0• of •]
in • stormy the
•
•] to
• shinbun and • Mainichi shinbun
a
•
a new newspapers.
;!• •_•
protagonist, The
(namely, East. Zhu wealthy
Moruo) Mou
is day of Guo the first quickly
the abandoned
eschewing political
issues
intention of
The
son
a
on
was
family
Hangzhou in study who has Kagoshima.
medicine I•
There
• in 1• becomes he that, suggested literature whereas participant to
Huang Deshi named when come
a
object
of the the attentions
of hospital the number of
the in
which politics, with he is equated
view with
values, equated
could
be at formerly with it
young a
nurses
a
now
was
serving
eventually intern. captivated He by
becomes
named Aiko Yasuda
with topic Protectionist
Literature
of introduced the
then recent concurred. as an which
Yu
Yu
a nurse
• •
modern, -•-, practical-minded N 7• •
• with (1899- he shares whom • interest
(1896-1981) and She by
Lao Leftist
examples Literature Dun Mao of a young woman
an
in
socialism and eventually against The contemporary the wishes of poetry. 16
two
1978).
marry,
their
families. After the child, birth of their
by perceived second Zhu is Zheng his coaxed friend old
whether he asked discussion, following day's
During
Yu the
any
was
•
(namely,
Dafu) Yu take political his in struggles. homeland's replied Eventually, he part to and he serving the in writing and literature
government, contradiction between
participates China where he
in against
the conflicts
Communists' returns
written the in
to northern that literature
existed and
contradiction such believe that he did
a
not any
•3q"
Jiang •
and warlords Jieshi's
(1887-1975) Republican
forces.
There he
When problems, literature.
society
and its
political from meets
a
poor
at
was
remove
vacuum,
a
with whom brief
he has affair.
Zhu is forced Japan flee had written and is The he preface
collection Past of his by young the in
Deshi that to to woman Huang reminded a
family
reunited with his key after several Communist losses.
experience,
individual writer's record of the
than the all literature that
great
no more
was
The
section
period
approximately Zhu's in life
his reiterated after the next but, treats the
earlier rescind his
contrary, ten made Yu a statement
years attempt to
on
no
preceding
forty-five is Zhu his and twenty-three.
and
While events.
twenty
expressions
himself. of
stories belief that all of his sons are now
were
study, he is reading his
in increasing with instability escalating about
the
between in differences similarities and of day,
the reexamined final
the On Yu
concern
some
China,
Zheng,
who has
also back Zheng Japan,
call. reminds
of Zhu positive
dialogue writers between emphasizing to
to need worlds, for literary the
the come
comes
on two
a
importance
the
his of China in
successful and, logical
of letters writing
the foreign
his
status
influences by citing
of
the
continued
both sides. He as a man
as
own
on
some
leading light
literary Xun, Lu
world, in implores
the Chinese and he to Zhu and Japanese nineteenth-century Russian novel
reckoning, by included, the
his
successor to a which
again
China
forging
with him order in society. contribute
exposed
The
return to Japan. in
student He
he
to to twenties which
and of the literature two
a new
to
teens
a.
as
was
long stroll for
night talk and into about the the China of and its future. out In go state a
end, becomes the Zhu convinced that he China. must return to
interim, the
In authorities
the visit
Zhu's home
and
his wife
to
to
come warn
transcript
selected
along
of
with symposium 14
description
in Taiwan
complete held of the
A
suspicious
involving
activities a days
later, her husband. Several report takes his Zhu
any
hoben, 2, shiry6 218-28. Tappu
vol. proceedings Itr, included in Iku is pp.
• hoben, shiry6
2, Tappu vol. 218.
Itr, Iku
p.
•7
Itr,
Tappu shiry6 Iku
hoben,
2, vol.
227. provided
the communities, literary • the
attempting show affinities
between p.
Yu,
in
two
to
•s
clear is from It journeys the these precisely records of
• which •
Chinese not writers Sat6 prize JOgai Akutagawa for • •e• two the had (1900-79) Takeo/J• who example
ofOda
•t
won
during
journeys,
visited these
but in hoped reminiscences mentions he specific how he such these
admired
admitted that
he (Outside wall), to
attempts novel China. in Yu at
meet
the
set as
a
such
writers Hu Shi
Huang and Meizi,
See Lu Ch•goku, Xun. Sat6 Taiwan, Haruo linguistic
given interpretation
4. problems
of
feared
literature, to as truly
cross-cultural but
,,weation of t•. p.
•9
"Ajia
Hamo,
Sat6 ko,"
hyOron Nippon (March 1938),
193.
Tappu hoben, 2, shiry6 vol. 218. Itr, differences. See lku no cultural p. a•d p.
26 25
by closed stating his remarks that the entrenched Literature
flourishing firmly
Protectionist that typical of their in writers
fairly proved end
be
the communities, in
age,
to
was
anti-imperialist.17
day
Chinese literature of
the leading anti-Japanese should
be but the
countries
in separated the partitions
ideological not that
up
behind the two years seen as
as
would have Dafu opportunity Yu his
last Japan be visit during
in by thirties by 1937, recounted the
both
written
works
to the
in this
Seen the
can
as men
to way,
war.
Guo
in
from Moruo
Thereafter, that relationships.
personal professional, Sat6 visited Haruo China
and
logical
their conclusion essay the year. conceived of an two
to
on
as
occasions,
for May weeks in
of
for and the 1937 co-founder about month of in trip May his role The
in position 1938.
two evident
anti-imperialist
Yu's While
a
as
was
sponsored by Japanese
the
disassociation China, from
complete
and in
northern signal his whereas government
spent did Writers, it
in
was Leftist
of League
was
way
no
during
journey September
the 18 of Shanghai he Hangzhou. visited Japan
1938 visited China, and
of invasion Japan's Yu It
of
the 1936, Japan. colleagues in
In
was
on eve
during
this • F• • participate "Ajia 1938, • that appeared.
Satr's meanwhile,
ko" Yu,
shinbun left
by Yomiuri
invited the year, to had been called Satr. same Yu and
no
on
Shanghai
the of Singapore end and changed fled 1938 where he Taibei his the in at held and
which to
literature
concerning Chinese symposium in
contemporary
was name
a
editing involved became in
Railway
TM place Taiwan
the
took
sojourn The following Japan. in
newspaper.
Yu's at month a event
"Ajia
f•
•=• ]•: appeared ko" -• • which in Nippon
the hyoron issue of March
bao
1938 shimin Taiwan the
recorded in day's
activities Hotel, each and no
was
was
days.15
19 originally
script. intended Although
film explicitly
Sat6
consecutive that stated In
six he
for December 24 from of the
as a
event, never
was
co-sponsor newspaper,
a
using
and Dafu Guo Yu models characters, Moruo leading light for
his fictional
described casual is
he
day
of the
first Dafu the ofYu introduction event, as the
even as
a a
on
acquaintance biographies
the with of the goal
of writers it clear the makes that ostensible and
Guo Yu The only in two second literature, Lu Xun Chinese
in
stature.
to
were
inspiration immediate the for
these characters. while
Japan and China both literary trends in
symposium
discuss
contemporary
to
was
The
with evidently song" "theme
and which played writers
symposium story included be participants
in the questions. political opens avoiding Other meant to
a
was
beginning while the credits rolled lyrics the the of film. Asahi describe how The Asia representatives both the has from at
along
with
China Japan and literary both critics from
long "awakened" been night from
light day face dawning the
•0• of •]
in • stormy the
•
•] to
• shinbun and • Mainichi shinbun
a
•
a new newspapers.
;!• •_•
protagonist, The
(namely, East. Zhu wealthy
Moruo) Mou
is day of Guo the first quickly
the abandoned
eschewing political
issues
intention of
The
son
a
on
was
family
Hangzhou in study who has Kagoshima.
medicine I•
There
• in 1• becomes he that, suggested literature whereas participant to
Huang Deshi named when come
a
object
of the the attentions
of hospital the number of
the in
which politics, with he is equated
view with
values, equated
could
be at formerly with it
young a
nurses
a
now
was
serving
eventually intern. captivated He by
becomes
named Aiko Yasuda
with topic Protectionist
Literature
of introduced the
then recent concurred. as an which
Yu
Yu
a nurse
• •
modern, -•-, practical-minded N 7• •
• with (1899- he shares whom • interest
(1896-1981) and She by
Lao Leftist examples Literature Dun Mao of a young woman
an
in
socialism and eventually against The contemporary the wishes of poetry. 16
two
1978).
marry,
their
families. After the child, birth of their
by perceived second Zhu is Zheng his coaxed friend old
whether he asked discussion, following day's
During
Yu the
any
was
•
(namely,
Dafu) Yu take political his in struggles. homeland's replied Eventually, he part to and he serving the in writing and literature
government, contradiction between
participates China where he
in against
the conflicts
Communists' returns
written the in
to northern that literature
existed and
contradiction such believe that he did
a
not any
•3q"
Jiang •
and warlords Jieshi's
(1887-1975) Republican
forces.
There he
When problems, literature.
society
and its political from meets
a
poor
at
was
remove
vacuum,
a
with whom brief
he has affair.
Zhu is forced Japan flee had written and is The he preface
collection Past of his by young the in
Deshi that to to woman Huang reminded a
family
reunited with his key after several Communist losses.
experience,
individual writer's record of the
than the all literature that
great
no more
was
The
section
period
approximately Zhu's in life
his reiterated after the next but, treats the
earlier rescind his
contrary, ten made Yu a statement
years attempt to
on
no
preceding
forty-five is Zhu his and twenty-three.
and
While events.
twenty
expressions
himself. of
stories belief that all of his sons are now
were
study, he is reading his
in increasing with instability escalating about
the
between in differences similarities and of day,
the reexamined final
the On Yu
concern
some
China,
Zheng,
who has
also back Zheng Japan,
call. reminds
of Zhu positive
dialogue writers between emphasizing to
to need worlds, for literary the the come
comes
on two
a
importance
the
his of China in
successful and, logical
of letters writing
the foreign
his
status
influences by citing
of
the
continued both sides. He as a man
as
own
on
some
leading light
literary Xun, Lu
world, in implores
the Chinese and he to Zhu and Japanese nineteenth-century Russian novel
reckoning, by included, the
his
successor to a which
again
China
forging
with him order in society. contribute
exposed
The
return to Japan. in
student He
he
to to twenties which
and of the literature two
a new
to
teens
a.
as
was
long stroll for
night talk and into about the the China of and its future. out In go state a
end, becomes the Zhu convinced that he China. must return to
interim, the
In authorities
the visit
Zhu's home
and
his wife
to
to
come warn
transcript
selected
along
of
with symposium 14
description
in Taiwan
complete held of the
A
suspicious
involving
activities a days
later, her husband. Several report takes his Zhu
any
hoben, 2, shiry6 218-28. Tappu
vol. proceedings Itr, included in Iku is pp.
• hoben, shiry6
2, Tappu vol. 218.
Itr, Iku
p.
•7
Itr,
Tappu shiry6 Iku
hoben,
2, vol.
227. provided
the communities, literary • the
attempting show affinities
between p.
Yu,
in
two
to
•s
clear is from It journeys the these precisely records of
• which •
Chinese not writers Sat6 prize JOgai Akutagawa for • •e• two the had (1900-79) Takeo/J• who example
ofOda
•t
won
during
journeys,
visited these
but in hoped reminiscences mentions he specific how he such these
admired
admitted that
he (Outside wall), to
attempts novel China. in Yu at
meet
the
set as
a
such
writers Hu Shi
Huang and Meizi,
See Lu Ch•goku, Xun. Sat6 Taiwan, Haruo linguistic
given interpretation
4. problems
of
feared
literature, to as truly
cross-cultural but
,,weation of t•. p.
•9
"Ajia
Hamo,
Sat6 ko,"
hyOron Nippon (March 1938),
193.
Tappu hoben, 2, shiry6 vol. 218. Itr, differences. See lku no cultural p. a•d p.
26 25
be
will
he since mother their and
another
after look Yu soon Dafu's
tells them and Reaction boys aside
to
one
and
China toward
feels duty he
that
of
explains
the
while. going He
for
is unclear
It when
first
sense
Yu
read
Sat6's away
but apparently a
it story,
long
after
not
was
long
leaving, writes
he
Before farewell.
bidding them
publication. before a them
That he had
anticipated
to
secrecy
Sat• producing
piece, such
not swears obviously
using
a
Shanghai,
his
Kobe ferry from
the is
he
to While
his wifel
himself sons explanatory
letter
and
Guo
Moruo models,
to
on
be
from surmised
the
that
he
as
in
can
essay
wrote
their
with
conversation night's
previous
of the
the
with mother their "Ajia confront
content
ko."
rejoinder,
Yu's
to
response
entitled "Riben
no de
wenshi
essay an
yu
school, and
father their
about
malicious at
boys hear changfu,"
that, the after
appeared father. Soon
rumors afterward
in
1938. begins Yu's
with
soon general
strong
essay
a
husband's her
about information
volunteer police station
the denunciation their mother of to Japanese intellectuals to
having for goes
been by deceived military.
the
Furthermore,
disappearance. he having
in
youth his
regrets
attributed
Japanese
intellectuals
to
a
back
Jiang Jieshi is
China. in back life
describes
Zhu's
section sensitivity final and
third high-mindedness The and
which,
in they clearly
do retrospect,
He
not
possess.
Zhu
his
for
is
arrest.
there
him that
out
Zhu warrant further of friends
indicts and
the Japanese in
a
imperialistic and its warn policies power, government which
castigates he
anti-Japanese
produce conscience,
of despite promising,
by to
utterly incarceration hypocritical, avoids
likening
pangs
Japanese the
"dressed-up as ''•
monkey.
government
to
a
he
which
life period in
Zhu's
in bleak
is
Republican
It propaganda
the for government. then
identifies Yu
the immediate a
of diatribe his
against
Japanese
cause
guilty
about
and China convincing him
Zheng
for betrayed by to
his friend intellectuals.
to return
introducing feels
After
Sat•'s
describing
and
characters
story the
plot and
of
China.
previous in
during
his stay
relationship "Ajia the
with
ko," his
criticizes Yu
Sat•'s
being young
for woman grounded properly story
no in
fact not
for
and
so
creed Communist
the
that believe begins
experiences,
Zhu
Through twisting these
to
incidents actual
fiction
misunderstanding. invites that
to
create
as
Yu
a
sends
undying
devotion.
He
his worthy
of might
be
him
sustained
had confesses hitherto which that not he believes
that he
and Guo have
been
reduced
in
the
story
to
mere
may.be
able
he
hope
that
yet the to
in China
Northern
in
Japanese
the
caricatures
letter
be
used in
the
service
army to to of propaganda.
the a In
he
the
story, male asserts,
needy.
for the building clinic
of cherished
long
wife had
and his he that dream
Chinese fulfill the
characters
a
portrayed
weak-willed
conniving
and
and,
are whereas
the
as
they
requesting
that
Japan,
in back
wife and
his
letter come sends
Japanese
he Moreover,
Aiko to
is
portrayed
sons virtuous a
self-effacing,
and
woman
the Chinese
as
woman
being
of
overjoyed by
the
prospect Aiko, is wife,
His
China. in
him with
live with and whom
the protagonist
Zhu has
affair
is clearly
delineated
her and
not
character is an
dream.
realizing shared their finally
possibility of
and of the
husband
with
her reunited reduced
whore
who to
attempts protagonist the
.from a common
separate to his
virtuous
for school
they
hope
that night the in study begin Chinese •3
Japanese open wife. a The at can to
two
sons
parents' clinic.
their
culture
language and
Japanese The
remainder
of the
denounces
near
Sate,
whom
Yu considers
essay
traitor
and
now
a
Aiko China, of
north
the
husband in toiling her
beside
of idea who, despite
about the Excited
his
love avowed
of Chinese
culture
his and
association
with
the Chinese
brother older
from her
order
parental T•hoku literary in request
in home
her
community, to money advantage
took
to friendships returns of those
slander
the
Chinese.
to
Yu
for against his sister grudge
bearing
Reluctantly,
still
and
qualifies China.
fares his the for
criticism
by of to
Sat• a
stating
to that
for
pay writer
like Sat6, cheapening
every
the gives Aiko
brother
older wishes, the parents' opposition
her
marrying themselves in by Zhu producing
to
propagandistic
literature,
there
writers like
Shimazaki
were
•(,J(1872-1943) I1•)• • requested
Trson
Shiga
•
and •
•
Naoya •
money. (1883-1971)
who held
true
to
he where
K•be
of
the fashion dramatic
port family reunited in
at his their remaining
and Zhu
above
political art, the fray,
thusworthy and are praise.
of
were
they
ship
which
The
earlier.
honeymoon
their celebrated
had bitterness
The
Aiko and
on years of
many Yu's
reflects
his
pride wounded
and betrayal.
essay
of
It
sense
anniversary of
of the celebration
flags
in
with Japanese
decorated difficult
is is
China a
degree
the
to to which
Yu's
disbelief and
to cross measure
outrage
the
of
at
appearance
village which in
northern
family the in arrives
end,
"Ajia the victory. the
naval
In ko"
genuine. Japanese
likely
It
disappointment
that
much the of
no
were by conveyed
seems
by
wife
his
and
built for Zhu
already
hospital
been
has
and work. A
live they
Yu the
result
of
the fact that the
question to
in
new was story
by written are
friend
Yu's
Sat6
was
construction
building
is under Japanese-style
another
and although Haruo, of the
residents the Japanese
between
the
contact area, after
Sato's
visit
two
China
to men
to
seems
:°
school.
culture
and
language
boys' Japanese
have
intermittent.
been the house
reproof
Yu's
of to
the the
basis
of
the story
fact
that it
on
was
a
initially, 3•,
¢f•:
•
•
originally called Keizai
oral twisting hyoron,
an Nippon of was,
in
his life
that
and
of events
Guo
Moruo
in
slightly
retrospect, ironic
seems,
major writers by
such
works included
and
literature
given
for vehicle
important that
Yu contemporary masterfully
handled
the
shishosetsu
contemporary so form,
and
so
(1871-1943).
• {N •
Shfisei I•t
Tokuda (1867-1947) • •'•
and
s•
imaginatively
• Rohan
Krda incidents
in
his
life recast and those
of his friends as
in
his
own
most
larger
considerably
readership
magazine,
its literary primarily
stories, successful
it
•7•
Insofar
such • was "Chenlun" (Sinking, not 1921).
a was
as
as
After
literary works.
solely temporary
periodicals
devoted
With a than the
to
contemperary
new of
"Ajia Sat•'s
ko" rejoinder, and Yu's
appearance "Riben de
wenshi
no
with publication
in 1935 recornmenced
hyoron
Nippon publication, changfu," suspension relationship
more of the
a
effectively between
the
yu
depth two
end. The
to
men
came
an
included
fiction that of
works
writing, and
those political
emphasis pronounced acrimony
of both were
sides
made during reconciliation the on virtually
impossible on
and,
war
•1 political
bent. decidedly
possessed, like Satr's story,
a
22
Dafu,
"Riben
Yu
de
changfu,"
wenshi
•
Dafu ko," 20
•.•
5•: "Ajia f•: 393. in
•(
SatS, Yu
wenfi
(Collected
yu
works
of p.
no
• (Dictionary of
• • Dafu) (Hong Kong: Yu • • •
k•_ 22
Joint Publishers, •j•:, bungei zasshi 1984), fiten :N: • 8, )11
Kindai •1 vol.
Izumi 294.
Hasegawa
p.
z3
Yu, de "Riben wenshi,"
1965), 296. 2. Shibundr, (Tokyo: periodicals) literary modem p. p.
27 28
be
will
he since mother their and
another
after look Yu soon Dafu's
tells them and Reaction boys aside
to
one
and
China toward
feels duty he
that
of
explains
the
while. going He
for
is unclear
It when
first
sense
Yu
read
Sat6's away
but apparently a
it story,
long
after
not
was
long
leaving, writes
he
Before farewell.
bidding them
publication. before a them
That he had
anticipated
to
secrecy
Sat• producing
piece, such
not swears obviously
using
a
Shanghai,
his
Kobe ferry from
the is
he
to While
his wifel
himself sons explanatory
letter
and
Guo
Moruo models,
to
on
be
from surmised
the
that
he
as
in
can
essay
wrote
their
with
conversation night's
previous
of the
the
with mother their "Ajia confront
content
ko."
rejoinder,
Yu's
to
response
entitled "Riben
no de
wenshi
essay an
yu
school, and
father their
about
malicious at
boys hear changfu,"
that, the after
appeared father. Soon
rumors afterward
in
1938. begins Yu's
with
soon general
strong
essay
a
husband's her
about information
volunteer police station
the denunciation their mother of to Japanese intellectuals to
having for goes
been by deceived military.
the
Furthermore,
disappearance. he having
in
youth his
regrets
attributed
Japanese
intellectuals
to
a
back
Jiang Jieshi is
China. in back life
describes
Zhu's
section sensitivity final and
third high-mindedness The and
which,
in they clearly
do retrospect,
He
not
possess.
Zhu
his
for
is
arrest.
there
him that
out
Zhu warrant further of friends
indicts and
the Japanese in
a
imperialistic and its warn policies power, government which
castigates he
anti-Japanese
produce conscience,
of despite promising,
by to
utterly incarceration hypocritical, avoids
likening
pangs
Japanese the
"dressed-up as ''•
monkey.
government
to
a
he
which
life period in
Zhu's
in bleak
is
Republican
It propaganda
the for government. then
identifies Yu
the immediate a
of diatribe his
against
Japanese
cause
guilty
about
and China convincing him
Zheng
for betrayed by to
his friend intellectuals.
to return
introducing feels
After
Sat•'s
describing
and
characters
story the
plot and
of
China.
previous in
during
his stay
relationship "Ajia the
with
ko," his
criticizes Yu
Sat•'s
being young
for woman grounded properly story
no in
fact not
for
and
so
creed Communist
the
that believe begins
experiences,
Zhu
Through twisting these
to
incidents actual
fiction
misunderstanding. invites that
to
create
as
Yu
a
sends
undying
devotion.
He
his worthy
of might
be
him
sustained
had confesses hitherto which that not he believes
that he
and Guo have
been
reduced
in
the
story
to
mere
may.be
able
he
hope
that
yet the to
in China
Northern
in
Japanese
the
caricatures
letter
be
used in
the
service
army to to of propaganda.
the a In
he
the
story, male asserts,
needy.
for the building clinic
of cherished
long
wife had
and his he that dream
Chinese fulfill the
characters
a
portrayed
weak-willed
conniving
and
and,
are whereas
the
as
they
requesting
that
Japan,
in back
wife and
his
letter come sends
Japanese
he Moreover,
Aiko to
is
portrayed
sons virtuous a
self-effacing,
and
woman
the Chinese
as
woman
being
of
overjoyed by
the
prospect Aiko, is wife,
His
China. in
him with
live with and whom
the protagonist
Zhu has
affair
is clearly
delineated
her and
not
character is an
dream.
realizing shared their finally
possibility of
and of the
husband
with
her reunited reduced
whore
who to
attempts protagonist the
.from a common
separate to his
virtuous
for school
they
hope
that night the in study begin Chinese •3
Japanese open wife. a The at can to
two
sons
parents' clinic.
their
culture
language and
Japanese The
remainder
of the
denounces
near
Sate,
whom
Yu considers
essay
traitor
and
now
a
Aiko China, of
north
the
husband in toiling her
beside
of idea who, despite
about the Excited
his
love avowed
of Chinese
culture
his and
association
with
the Chinese
brother older
from her
order
parental T•hoku literary in request
in home
her
community, to money advantage
took
to friendships returns of those
slander
the
Chinese.
to
Yu
for against his sister grudge
bearing
Reluctantly,
still
and
qualifies China.
fares his the for
criticism
by of to
Sat• a
stating
to that
for
pay writer
like Sat6, cheapening
every
the gives Aiko
brother
older wishes, the parents' opposition
her
marrying themselves in by Zhu producing
to
propagandistic
literature,
there
writers like
Shimazaki
were
•(,J(1872-1943) I1•)• • requested
Trson
Shiga
•
and •
•
Naoya •
money. (1883-1971)
who held
true
to
he where
K•be
of
the fashion dramatic
port family reunited in
at his their remaining
and Zhu
above
political art, the fray,
thusworthy and are praise.
of
were
they
ship
which
The
earlier.
honeymoon
their celebrated
had bitterness
The
Aiko and
on years of
many Yu's
reflects
his
pride wounded
and betrayal.
essay
of
It
sense
anniversary of
of the celebration
flags
in
with Japanese
decorated difficult
is is
China a
degree
the
to to which
Yu's
disbelief and
to cross measure
outrage
the
of
at
appearance
village which in
northern
family the in arrives
end,
"Ajia the victory. the
naval
In ko"
genuine. Japanese
likely
It
disappointment
that
much the of
no
were by conveyed
seems
by
wife
his
and
built for Zhu
already
hospital
been
has
and work. A
live they
Yu the
result
of
the fact that the
question to
in
new was story
by written are
friend
Yu's
Sat6
was
construction
building
is under Japanese-style
another
and although Haruo, of the
residents the Japanese
between
the
contact area, after
Sato's
visit
two
China
to men
to
seems
:°
school.
culture
and
language
boys' Japanese
have
intermittent.
been the house
reproof
Yu's
of to
the the
basis
of
the story
fact
that it
on
was
a
initially, 3•,
¢f•:
•
•
originally called Keizai
oral twisting hyoron,
an Nippon of was,
in
his life
that
and
of events
Guo
Moruo
in
slightly
retrospect, ironic
seems,
major writers by
such
works included
and
literature
given
for vehicle important that
Yu contemporary masterfully
handled
the
shishosetsu
contemporary so form,
and
so
(1871-1943).
• {N •
Shfisei I•t
Tokuda (1867-1947) • •'•
and
s•
imaginatively
• Rohan
Krda incidents
in
his
life recast and those
of his friends as
in
his
own
most
larger
considerably
readership
magazine,
its literary primarily
stories, successful
it
•7•
Insofar
such • was "Chenlun" (Sinking, not 1921).
a was
as
as
After
literary works.
solely temporary
periodicals
devoted
With a than the
to
contemperary
new of
"Ajia Sat•'s
ko" rejoinder, and Yu's
appearance "Riben de
wenshi
no
with publication
in 1935 recornmenced
hyoron
Nippon publication, changfu," suspension relationship
more of the
a
effectively between
the
yu
depth two
end. The
to
men
came
an
included
fiction that of
works
writing, and
those political
emphasis pronounced acrimony
of both were
sides
made during reconciliation the on virtually
impossible on
and,
war
•1 political
bent. decidedly possessed, like Satr's story,
a
22
Dafu,
"Riben
Yu
de
changfu,"
wenshi
•
Dafu ko," 20
•.•
5•: "Ajia f•: 393. in
•(
SatS, Yu
wenfi
(Collected
yu
works
of p.
no
• (Dictionary of
• • Dafu) (Hong Kong: Yu • • •
k•_ 22
Joint Publishers, •j•:, bungei zasshi 1984), fiten :N: • 8, )11
Kindai •1 vol.
Izumi 294.
Hasegawa
p.
z3
Yu, de "Riben wenshi,"
1965), 296. 2. Shibundr, (Tokyo: periodicals) literary modem p. p.
27 28
ideological
differences
Fundamental
military thought apparently and
prudent
it Shanghai
flee the
outlast its and
place environs for regrettably, life
Yu's to
not to war.
was
a
relationship
to of
dissolution
the could, led where he alias, and under writing.
works continue these
in painfully
a
apparent became
two an
in Sat6,
and
Yu
Among be',:ween
Yu's plans activities few
last and Singapore The
encounters editor
in existed
for had
many which
ten years. newspaper
as a
over
were
during
and Guo
Yu when Sat• the with Yomiuri
shinbun 1938 project
in
they
and cooperate Japan involving met a
had
in
called to
conceived Sat6
when Yu
1936
on a
on
an
the
animosity exchange
between correspondences of
reveal between
pairs
China, several
Chinese do of government-sponsored trip Japanese men. and
overt
writers.
any not
to
•_ •.•,
and
magazine
KaizO exchanges representing they of the the Some attempted
Ding • -3-"
Ling
included which visit, he
(1904-1986)
in
Sat6's to
However, arrange
came
reveals
Miyamoto Xun, •"
• about :• and information provide
Lu Yuriko
(1899-1951), N" -•-
summoned between Zhou
and and Zuoren during which Guo Yu to
were
posturing.
political
exigencies Mushanok6ji of
Saneatsu, between the and reduced Sat• Although friendship himself been and Haruo had Yu exchange which the
degree to the
to
deeply
of became Mushanok6ji between Dafu, Sat6 Haruo Zhou
and
planned did with exchanges relations the involving Yu of more
the essays After
rupture
appear,
imperialism
in
increasing
Japan's 25
writers the other fruition.
related
activities cultural politics and
to to involved in never
came
acquainted,
Bunka
During
Department
the
Literature
Japanese the another of Chair at
writer
the with acted whom
Yu
1936, Starting
Sat• Ibuse in
Asia. war,
as
was
• • •
Hayashi
• Masuji • •
(1898-1993),
Fusao with
along following Singapore •-
September correspondent of
the
University. for
the
In to sent
year,
was
as a
•0•
kai I• • bunka (Shin
Shonan Nihon Society • 7•" 4' • (Sh•nan times). Culture taimuzu Japan Ibuse 2k established learned
the had
newspaper (1903-75), New no that he Yu
•)•
magazine
• Nihon Shin
Shanghai fled had production of the 26 that and he
Singapore.
the somewhere instrumental
• in in
)
•'L Ibuse and :¢4s:
2•2 recounted that
cO was
at
was
in
the 1938,
Society.
Singapore time around the that From fell the February Japan for
year in the of els: become Japan) which Sat6 1942 visited (New had Haruo
to
to
organ
was
"Creative
president the in the
KaizO, of which Singapore, had Japanese
the offices in in service appeared,
entered tracking enlist his
"Ajia aid in
Sat• down
ko" navy which
to
no
the
president Dafu. write only
The ofKaizo, Yu
did Sat6 reports by enlistment, Yamamoto personal During of had
his on
ties
with Division." number not
Writer's term
name,
a
newly-acquired
of and, Chinese by his writers sensing influenced also
that danger, imminent
also in Yu gathered literary
together
of
his
output facets other but
was were
war,
his of employees Chinese
patriotic
help and had them of collections search for produced several
Yu. role, and he
some to
poems.
approach
cosmopolitan
discovered neighbor eclectic, It
from
encouraged of to had, February
that he Yu's
hitherto
1942, 3, had taken that Sat• fact
was The
a
an
on
flight •7 writing,
Singapore from but by
Sumatra. his evidenced accidentally writing, When
betrayed Yu his subject in to now fact the was
that he
of
choice
own
matter
as
spoke
constitute apparently Japanese,
he
by
did
enlisted
the military Japanese jingoistic interpreter
literature blatantly not
in a
the limiting himself to act was
to
as
an
personal
interrogation
prisoners.
returned
of experienced
he He following the
financial
running in shop
to the
wine for Sats. contradiction In more a
war,
some years
success
a
remarkable
and
the used his he
of produced bribe earned
give and doctor political
indicating
him
to. certificate most
literature
consequently, less money and,
to
army
some
an
a
• (The reed
• • kusabue/• tuberculosis, • he thereby
had
relieving
Saku him
collection his of interpreter. including duties the interim,
the collections
of In
no
poems, as an
•
•
Gyokutekifu (Poems
he married •, local
bore who
him Chinese children of translation while his 1946)
business and Saku, his
continued of
two flute a poems, woman
to
However, be
seemed flourish.
particular, August
Sat6
24 identity 1945, 29, collection in his
to
disclosed latter 1948). the jade
the flute, Japanese, In
the true of on
to
was
whereupon reconnecting
his he
by
while taken
Japanese the literature Chinese authorities
with ties and earlier
heard
his attempting reestablish
from
away
was
to was
never
again. his for period touchstone later testified,
during It military the
Tokyo
trials, the
the until that had Dafu been with what had Yu
been creative shot works
was
on own
September
1945, 17,
month after Japanese the
surrender. His has
writings. been
creative
a
grave
never
•8
found.
of Sat6
the literature Chinese rejuvenated part in interest Ironically,
this came
on
literary
Chinese specific the in writers relationships
with
his effect
have
late
to too any
on
communities Conclusions literary opened the between that had Perhaps schism
community.
the two
the point but
by bridge this relationship The broad between been
would have Dafu during thirties and Yu
the anyway, Sat6 represented Haruo to the too kind of
spelled
the
literary
productive, Chinese
the amicable link Dafu, interaction closest untimely that Sat6's death of of writers the Yu the in Chinese to scene,
Japanese and
some
literary
communities moving possibilities. be seemed
in such the toward early twenties
of demise and
thirties. to As
several
living
for had been during Hangzhou, where late
he
1937,
left the of symposium Yomiuri 1938, end Yu
Toward the held in
Taiwan alluded earlier, Dafu
Yu
as
to
l•
•t
took and
Lian repeatedly
adopted
Chao
the his stressed conviction
Singapore where he that both
Japan China
and and a
literary benefit would from pen name went to
years,
N news). _I•,),1,1 The (Singapore
projects
bridged Xingzhou that ribao
the
of between the the applauded position the countries editor
and Japanese two
newspaper gap
recent
as
from
safe haven
seek
desire
the
of
in Singapore made
to part
decision out
a to
to
go was
had
although still he
and
Japan,
in banned already
writings been
had
Yu's
Japanese.
the
was z•
which The
Yu intended had include exchange
this
of
printed
part
essay
the
in to
as
Japanese feared
the
editors,
he
and writers
Japanese
and allies
friends
influential
among Xingzhou See It6, nbao. "Zuoteng
DAN," Chunfu Yu 208.
p. yu
a6
infomation
Based
contained
in letter from Ibuse Toramam It6 which
It6's in Iku
to on
a appears
Tappu shiryO hoben, vol. 2,
213.
p.
•7
writings),
shiryO • Tappu It6,
)• • hoben, 5tf: Iku Hamo's (Sat5 • 2, vol. • •,
sha 213.
• •• ed.,
SatO 24 Haruo •
Shizuo
Takenouchi
p.
•
1967), Dolezalova, shob6, Anna (Tokyo: Ta-fu: Chikuma Specific literature) Yu of Literary (Compendium modem Traits his of Creation (London: bungaku
C. taikei Gendai and Hurst in
Company,
1971),
205.
p. 29, 456-57. vol. pp.
30 29
ideological
differences
Fundamental
military thought apparently and
prudent
it Shanghai
flee the
outlast its and
place environs for regrettably, life
Yu's to
not to war.
was
a
relationship
to of
dissolution
the could, led where he alias, and under writing.
works continue these
in painfully
a
apparent became
two an
in Sat6,
and
Yu
Among be',:ween
Yu's plans activities few
last and Singapore The
encounters editor
in existed
for had
many which
ten years. newspaper
as a
over
were
during
and Guo
Yu when Sat• the with Yomiuri
shinbun 1938 project
in
they
and cooperate Japan involving met a
had
in
called to
conceived Sat6
when Yu
1936
on a
on
an
the
animosity exchange
between correspondences of
reveal between
pairs
China, several
Chinese do of government-sponsored trip Japanese men. and
overt
writers.
any not
to
•_ •.•,
and
magazine
KaizO exchanges representing they of the the Some attempted
Ding • -3-"
Ling
included which visit, he
(1904-1986)
in
Sat6's to
However, arrange
came
reveals
Miyamoto Xun, •"
• about :• and information provide
Lu Yuriko
(1899-1951), N" -•-
summoned between Zhou
and and Zuoren during which Guo Yu to
were
posturing.
political
exigencies Mushanok6ji of
Saneatsu, between the and reduced Sat• Although friendship himself been and Haruo had Yu exchange which the
degree to the
to
deeply
of became Mushanok6ji between Dafu, Sat6 Haruo Zhou
and
planned did with exchanges relations the involving Yu of more
the essays After
rupture
appear,
imperialism
in
increasing
Japan's 25
writers the other fruition.
related
activities cultural politics and
to to involved in never
came
acquainted,
Bunka
During
Department
the
Literature
Japanese the another of Chair at
writer
the with acted whom
Yu
1936, Starting
Sat• Ibuse in
Asia. war,
as
was
• • •
Hayashi
• Masuji • •
(1898-1993),
Fusao with
along following Singapore •-
September correspondent of
the
University. for
the
In to sent
year,
was
as a
•0•
kai I• • bunka (Shin
Shonan Nihon Society • 7•" 4' • (Sh•nan times). Culture taimuzu Japan Ibuse 2k established learned
the had
newspaper (1903-75), New no that he Yu
•)•
magazine
• Nihon Shin
Shanghai fled had production of the 26 that and he
Singapore.
the somewhere instrumental
• in in
)
•'L Ibuse and :¢4s:
2•2 recounted that
cO was
at
was
in
the 1938,
Society.
Singapore time around the that From fell the February Japan for
year in the of els: become Japan) which Sat6 1942 visited (New had Haruo
to
to
organ
was
"Creative
president the in the
KaizO, of which Singapore, had Japanese
the offices in in service appeared,
entered tracking enlist his
"Ajia aid in
Sat• down
ko" navy which
to
no
the
president Dafu. write only
The ofKaizo, Yu
did Sat6 reports by enlistment, Yamamoto personal During of had
his on
ties
with Division." number not
Writer's term
name,
a
newly-acquired
of and, Chinese by his writers sensing influenced also
that danger, imminent
also in Yu gathered literary
together
of
his
output facets other but
was were
war,
his of employees Chinese
patriotic
help and had them of collections search for produced several
Yu. role, and he
some to
poems.
approach
cosmopolitan
discovered neighbor eclectic, It
from
encouraged of to had, February
that he Yu's
hitherto
1942, 3, had taken that Sat• fact
was The
a
an
on
flight •7 writing,
Singapore from but by
Sumatra. his evidenced accidentally writing, When
betrayed Yu his subject in to now fact the was
that he
of
choice
own
matter
as
spoke
constitute apparently Japanese,
he
by
did
enlisted
the military Japanese jingoistic interpreter
literature blatantly not
in a
the limiting himself to act was
to
as
an
personal
interrogation
prisoners.
returned
of experienced
he He following the
financial
running in shop
to the
wine for Sats. contradiction In more a
war,
some years
success
a
remarkable
and
the used his he
of produced bribe earned
give and doctor political
indicating
him
to. certificate most
literature
consequently, less money and,
to
army
some
an
a
• (The reed
• • kusabue/• tuberculosis, • he thereby
had
relieving
Saku him
collection his of interpreter. including duties the interim,
the collections
of In
no
poems, as an
•
•
Gyokutekifu (Poems
he married •, local
bore who
him Chinese children of translation while his 1946)
business and Saku, his
continued of
two flute a poems, woman
to
However, be
seemed flourish.
particular, August
Sat6
24 identity 1945, 29, collection in his
to
disclosed latter 1948). the jade
the flute, Japanese, In
the true of on
to
was
whereupon reconnecting
his he
by
while taken
Japanese the literature Chinese authorities
with ties and earlier
heard
his attempting reestablish
from
away
was
to was
never
again. his for period touchstone later testified,
during It military the
Tokyo
trials, the
the until that had Dafu been with what had Yu
been creative shot works
was
on own
September
1945, 17,
month after Japanese the
surrender. His has
writings. been creative
a
grave
never
•8
found.
of Sat6
the literature Chinese rejuvenated part in interest Ironically,
this came
on
literary
Chinese specific the in writers relationships
with
his effect
have
late
to too any
on
communities Conclusions literary opened the between that had Perhaps schism community.
the two
the point but
by bridge this relationship The broad between been
would have Dafu during thirties and Yu
the anyway, Sat6 represented Haruo to the too kind of
spelled
the
literary
productive, Chinese
the amicable link Dafu, interaction closest untimely that Sat6's death of of writers the Yu the in Chinese to scene,
Japanese and
some
literary
communities moving possibilities. be seemed
in such the toward early twenties
of demise and
thirties. to As
several
living
for had been during Hangzhou, where late
he
1937,
left the of symposium Yomiuri 1938, end Yu
Toward the held in
Taiwan alluded earlier, Dafu
Yu
as
to
l•
•t
took and
Lian repeatedly
adopted
Chao
the his stressed conviction
Singapore where he that both
Japan China
and and a
literary benefit would from pen name went to
years,
N news). _I•,),1,1 The (Singapore
projects
bridged Xingzhou that ribao
the
of between the the applauded position the countries editor
and Japanese two
newspaper gap
recent
as
from
safe haven
seek
desire
the
of
in Singapore made
to part decision out
a to
to
go was
had
although still he
and
Japan,
in banned already
writings been
had
Yu's
Japanese. the
was z•
which The
Yu intended had include exchange
this
of
printed
part
essay
the
in to
as
Japanese feared
the
editors,
he
and writers
Japanese
and allies
friends influential
among Xingzhou See It6, nbao. "Zuoteng
DAN," Chunfu Yu 208.
p. yu
a6
infomation
Based
contained
in letter from Ibuse Toramam It6 which
It6's in Iku
to on
a appears
Tappu shiryO hoben, vol. 2,
213.
p.
•7
writings),
shiryO • Tappu It6,
)• • hoben, 5tf: Iku Hamo's (Sat5 • 2, vol. • •,
sha 213.
• •• ed.,
SatO 24 Haruo •
Shizuo
Takenouchi
p.
•
1967), Dolezalova, shob6, Anna (Tokyo: Ta-fu: Chikuma Specific literature) Yu of Literary (Compendium modem Traits his of Creation (London: bungaku
C. taikei Gendai and Hurst in
Company,
1971),
205.
p. 29, 456-57. vol. pp.
30 29
the
rupture real
In cultural
sense, Chinese
very
from
drew a
sources.
that
works literary
Mistranslations
in Honda
Katsuichi's salubrious
such opportunities for
of
demise signaled
the
and Sat6 Yu between
relations of
Nanjing The
communities.
Massacre
literary
the
between
tw•:•
contact
of
offices the
via Singapore
in Dafu
find Yu Haruo's
end, attempt to Sat5 the
In
broach
relationship
and
their
salvage
a
Satr's
part desire
to
perhaps suggests
Kaiz6
Kajimoto Masato on
a
and
Sumatra, in
tragic death rendered
by
Yu's
futile
Such reconciliation. attempt
CNN
Interactive
was Pacific Asia
an
had
might
have
reconciliation
such
that ramifications
the speculate
about
a
left
is
to
one
period
Although the
in
postwar
communities.
the
between relations
cultural
two
short the This
pointing
aims
mistranslations
discovered I at in
the
paper out on
some '•
2q: -]2
Yasushi
•?•-(1912-76) and
Inoue
¢J•
•
Taijun
•1
Takeda
such
English writers
version Japanese of
Honda
Katsuichi's Nanjing The
as Japanese
Massacre:
A
Journalist
with
concerned
China
in
fiction
produce
and
set
China or
travel
continued
(1907-96) Confronts
Japan's to Shame,
National to by
translated
published Sandness Karen by
and
M.
E.
proximity
the attained again
communities
same
literary
the history, Sharpe never Chinese in By its 1999. historical two
original
the version in language,
Japanese the nature,
period.
the
in achieved
• had •_ been Nankin -•,
that prewar michi
(The
Nanjing) Road published
by
cO
Asahi bunko
in
e to
no
•,,
centered
in twenties,
during the
communities
literary
the
between
The 1989, two is full old-fashioned of contact Japanese military
jargon.
and sincerely
I
admire
the
and
nationalism
by the
undermined
Shanghai,
shop in
book
Kanzr's Uchiyama
having was translator for
completed
such
difficult
rendering task those
difficult
words
and
a
and
like Yu
writers
friendships
between
level, personal
the On thirties.
the phrases of militarism
language.
into
another However,
speaker
native Japanese, of
could I
not
as a
writing
whose
Yu,
orthodoxy.
ideological
of
juggernaut
the
beneath
crushed
help
noticing discrepancies
Sat6
between
the
versions when
read the book I were
in
two some
increasing
of
victim
community,
became
literary
praised Japanese
by the a
English.
been had
relations
of
breaking off
the
political
Moreover,
lines.
and
national
polarization along
believe
the I indicated
below
should
revised in be
the sentences of
event
a
the
broader
symbolize
in
sense
1945,
in death
to and a Yu's
Sate,
and
reprinting.
Admittedly, Yu came between
the of mistranslations
simply
of and
typos
some
are
no
the
in
writers
Japanese
and prewar
Chinese
fellowship between
and
intimacy of demise
in the they
that changed have
the of what Honda consequence not sense wrote,
essence
period. but,
they
what Honda his in book. Please that not the revised so, wrote
even
are note
translations have presented I only here
show actually what Honda attempt
to
are
an
probably There
better translations change that wrote. would meaning the the of are not
original
book and
would sound speakers native natural English language. of to more
Page 9, Line 15
Original
There Translation:
have well been million troops, may one
fact, Revised Translation:
there In could have been million
not troops,
one
Japanese version, the
Honda that there is that the
soldiers notes
way no
amounted million balloons the
claimed. to one as
9, P. L. 35
Either Hino's of OT: memoirs, heartfelt
Either Hino's of RT: heartfelt works,
do think
as
they
fictional
though novels the stories
based
writer's the
were true even were on
experiences.
16, P. L. 19
from OT: accompanying the landed vessels
the from RT: landed stern
23, P. L. 21
of OT: houses 123 130
houses RT: of 123 140
32 31