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DNA Barcodes Reveal Deeply Neglected Diversity and Numerous Invasions of Micromoths in Madagascar
Genome DNA barcodes reveal deeply neglected diversity and numerous invasions of micromoths in Madagascar Journal: Genome Manuscript ID gen-2018-0065.R2 Manuscript Type: Article Date Submitted by the 17-Jul-2018 Author: Complete List of Authors: Lopez-Vaamonde, Carlos; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), ; Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l’Insecte (IRBI), Sire, Lucas; Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l’Insecte Rasmussen,Draft Bruno; Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l’Insecte Rougerie, Rodolphe; Institut Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Wieser, Christian; Landesmuseum für Kärnten Ahamadi, Allaoui; University of Antananarivo, Department Entomology Minet, Joël; Institut de Systematique Evolution Biodiversite deWaard, Jeremy; Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Decaëns, Thibaud; Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE UMR 5175, CNRS–Université de Montpellier–Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier–EPHE), , CEFE UMR 5175 CNRS Lees, David; Natural History Museum London Keyword: Africa, invasive alien species, Lepidoptera, Malaise trap, plant pests Is the invited manuscript for consideration in a Special 7th International Barcode of Life Issue? : https://mc06.manuscriptcentral.com/genome-pubs Page 1 of 57 Genome 1 DNA barcodes reveal deeply neglected diversity and numerous invasions of micromoths in 2 Madagascar 3 4 5 Carlos Lopez-Vaamonde1,2, Lucas Sire2, Bruno Rasmussen2, Rodolphe Rougerie3, 6 Christian Wieser4, Allaoui Ahamadi Allaoui 5, Joël Minet3, Jeremy R. deWaard6, Thibaud 7 Decaëns7, David C. Lees8 8 9 1 INRA, UR633, Zoologie Forestière, F- 45075 Orléans, France. 10 2 Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l’Insecte, UMR 7261 CNRS Université de Tours, UFR 11 Sciences et Techniques, Tours, France. -
RECORDS of the HAWAII BIOLOGICAL SURVEY for 1995 Part 2: Notes1
RECORDS OF THE HAWAII BIOLOGICAL SURVEY FOR 1995 Part 2: Notes1 This is the second of two parts to the Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey for 1995 and contains the notes on Hawaiian species of plants and animals including new state and island records, range extensions, and other information. Larger, more compre- hensive treatments and papers describing new taxa are treated in the first part of this Records [Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 45]. New Hawaiian Pest Plant Records for 1995 PATRICK CONANT (Hawaii Dept. of Agriculture, Plant Pest Control Branch, 1428 S King St, Honolulu, HI 96814) Fabaceae Ulex europaeus L. New island record On 6 October 1995, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of Forestry and Wildlife employee C. Joao submitted an unusual plant he found while work- ing in the Molokai Forest Reserve. The plant was identified as U. europaeus and con- firmed by a Hawaii Department of Agriculture (HDOA) nox-A survey of the site on 9 October revealed an infestation of ca. 19 m2 at about 457 m elevation in the Kamiloa Distr., ca. 6.2 km above Kamehameha Highway. Distribution in Wagner et al. (1990, Manual of the flowering plants of Hawai‘i, p. 716) listed as Maui and Hawaii. Material examined: MOLOKAI: Molokai Forest Reserve, 4 Dec 1995, Guy Nagai s.n. (BISH). Melastomataceae Miconia calvescens DC. New island record, range extensions On 11 October, a student submitted a leaf specimen from the Wailua Houselots area on Kauai to PPC technician A. Bell, who had the specimen confirmed by David Lorence of the National Tropical Botanical Garden as being M. -
Bisdesmosidic Saponins from Securidaca Longepedunculata Roots: Evaluation of Deterrency and Toxicity to Coleopteran Storage Pests
8860 J. Agric. Food Chem. 2009, 57, 8860–8867 DOI:10.1021/jf901599j Bisdesmosidic Saponins from Securidaca longepedunculata Roots: Evaluation of Deterrency and Toxicity to Coleopteran Storage Pests ,†,‡ †,§ † PHILIP C. STEVENSON,* THAMARA K. DAYARATHNA, STEVEN R. BELMAIN, AND ‡ NIGEL C. VEITCH †Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom, and ‡Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AB, United Kingdom. § Current address: Department of Biochemistry and the Siebens-Drake Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada. Powdered dry root bark of Securidaca longepedunculata was mixed with maize and cowpea and effectively reduced the numbers of Sitophilus zeamais and Callosobruchus maculatus emerging from these commodities, respectively, more than 9 months after treatment. This effect was reciprocated in grain treated with a methanol extract of the root bark, indicating that compounds were present that were oviposition deterrents or directly toxic to the adults or larvae. Two new bisdesmosidic saponins, 3-O-β-D- glucopyranosyl-28-O-(R-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1 f 3)-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 f 4)[β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1 f 3)]- R-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 f 2)-[4-O-(4-methoxycinnamoyl-β-D-fucopyranosyl)])-medicagenic acid (securi- dacaside A) and 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-28-O-(R-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1 f 3)-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 f 4)- [β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1f3)]-R-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 f 2)-[4-O-(3,4,5-trimethoxy-(E )-cinnamoyl-β-D-fucopy- ranosyl)])-medicagenic acid (securidacaside B), were isolated from the methanol extract of the roots of S. -
Wooden and Bamboo Commodities Intended for Indoor and Outdoor Use
NAPPO Discussion Document DD 04: Wooden and Bamboo Commodities Intended for Indoor and Outdoor Use Prepared by members of the Pest Risk Analysis Panel of the North American Plant Protection Organization (NAPPO) December 2011 Contents Introduction ...........................................................................................................................3 Purpose ................................................................................................................................4 Scope ...................................................................................................................................4 1. Background ....................................................................................................................4 2. Description of the Commodity ........................................................................................6 3. Assessment of Pest Risks Associated with Wooden Articles Intended for Indoor and Outdoor Use ...................................................................................................................6 Probability of Entry of Pests into the NAPPO Region ...........................................................6 3.1 Probability of Pests Occurring in or on the Commodity at Origin ................................6 3.2 Survival during Transport .......................................................................................... 10 3.3 Probability of Pest Surviving Existing Pest Management Practices .......................... 10 3.4 Probability -
Managing Insect Contaminants in Processed Leafy Vegetables: a Best Practice Guide
Managing insect contaminants in processed leafy vegetables: A best practice guide Introduction Insects are potential contaminants of processed leafy vegetables. Pest and beneficial species, in both the juvenile and adult stages of their life cycles can become unwanted contaminants if they make their way from the field into the final packaged product and to the end consumer. This best practice guide summarises the key findings of a project conducted by Applied Horticultural Research and Harvest Fresh Cuts. The focus of this project was to find ways to control contaminants and assess their impact in processed leafy vegetable products. To determine which insect groups were of most relevance, and how to reduce insect contamination of packaged produce, the project started at the customer level and Figure 1. Soldier beetle worked back through the supply chain, examining where information was lacking, and where commercial in the field. Large scale commercial washing and improvements could be made. processing lines have the capacity to remove the majority of insect contaminants. Which insects get the most complaints? Wanted – Dead or alive Reviews into historical commercial data from customer complaints about manufactured leafy vegetable mixes In the factory found that moths and soldier beetles were the most reported insect contaminant. Insects referred to as moths The project investigated whether the moths in customer in the data included Diamondback Moth (Plutella sp.), complaints were reported as being dead or alive. Most Heliothis (Helicoverpa sp.), Cabbage White Butterfly moth complaints were from consumers reporting the (Pieris rapae) and Beet Webworm (Spoladea mimetica.) presence of live moths, even though factory product Other insect groups were represented in the data at lower inspection reports showed that both live and dead moths levels. -
2017 Report on the Haleakalā High Altitude Observatory Site
Haleakalā High Altitude Observatory Site Management Plan 2017 Annual Report Introduction to Management of the Haleakalā High Altitude Observatory Site The Haleakalā High Altitude Observatory Site (HO) Management Plan (MP) was approved by the Board of Land and Natural Resources (BLNR) on December 1, 2010. Condition #2 states: “Beginning in November 2012 the University will submit to DLNR an annual report summarizing any construction activities occurring at HO; Habitat Conservation Plans; Monitoring Plans for Invertebrates, Flora, and Fauna; Programmatic Agreements on Cultural Resources; Invasive Species Control Plans and other related plans, The Report should be brief but thorough. This report should also be presented to the Board of Land and Natural Resources for the first year, and every five years thereafter.” Therefore, this report summarizes activities that occurred under the MP from December 1, 2016 to November 30, 2017. The land use described in this report, on activities under the HO MP, qualifies as an identified use in the General Subzone and is consistent with the objectives of the General Subzone of the land. The objectives of the General Subzone (HAR 13-5-14) are to designate open space where specific conservation uses may not be defined, but where urban uses would be premature. The land use is consistent with astronomical research facilities for advanced studies of astronomy and atmospheric sciences. HO is located within a General Subzone of the State of Hawai’i Conservation District that has been set aside for observatory site purposes only. Identified applicable land uses in the General Subzone, include R-3 Astronomy Facilities and (D-1) Astronomy facilities under an approved management plan (HAR 13-5-25). -
'Candidatus Phytoplasma Solani' (Quaglino Et Al., 2013)
‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ (Quaglino et al., 2013) Synonyms Phytoplasma solani Common Name(s) Disease: Bois noir, blackwood disease of grapevine, maize redness, stolbur Phytoplasma: CaPsol, maize redness phytoplasma, potato stolbur phytoplasma, stolbur phytoplasma, tomato stolbur phytoplasma Figure 1: A ‘dornfelder’ grape cultivar Type of Pest infected with ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma Phytoplasma solani’. Courtesy of Dr. Michael Maixner, Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI). Taxonomic Position Class: Mollicutes, Order: Acholeplasmatales, Family: Acholeplasmataceae Genus: ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma’ Reason for Inclusion in Manual OPIS A pest list, CAPS community suggestion, known host range and distribution have both expanded; 2016 AHP listing. Background Information Phytoplasmas, formerly known as mycoplasma-like organisms (MLOs), are pleomorphic, cell wall-less bacteria with small genomes (530 to 1350 kbp) of low G + C content (23-29%). They belong to the class Mollicutes and are the putative causal agents of yellows diseases that affect at least 1,000 plant species worldwide (McCoy et al., 1989; Seemüller et al., 2002). These minute, endocellular prokaryotes colonize the phloem of their infected plant hosts as well as various tissues and organs of their respective insect vectors. Phytoplasmas are transmitted to plants during feeding activity by their vectors, primarily leafhoppers, planthoppers, and psyllids (IRPCM, 2004; Weintraub and Beanland, 2006). Although phytoplasmas cannot be routinely grown by laboratory culture in cell free media, they may be observed in infected plant or insect tissues by use of electron microscopy or detected by molecular assays incorporating antibodies or nucleic acids. Since biological and phenotypic properties in pure culture are unavailable as aids in their identification, analysis of 16S rRNA genes has been adopted instead as the major basis for phytoplasma taxonomy. -
Relationships Between Hyalesthes Obsoletus, Its Herbaceous Hosts and Bois Noir Epidemiology in Northern Italian Vineyards
insects Article Relationships between Hyalesthes obsoletus, Its Herbaceous Hosts and Bois Noir Epidemiology in Northern Italian Vineyards Nicola Mori 1 , Elena Cargnus 2, Marta Martini 2 and Francesco Pavan 2,* 1 Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy; [email protected] 2 Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206, 3100 Udine, Italy; [email protected] (E.C.); [email protected] (M.M.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-0432-558504; Fax: +39-0432-558501 Received: 31 July 2020; Accepted: 3 September 2020; Published: 7 September 2020 Simple Summary: Bois noir is a phytoplasma disease causing heavy yield losses in European vineyards mainly transmitted by the planthopper Hyalesthes obsoletus. There are two main molecular types of the phytoplasma causal agent acquired from Convolvolus arvensis and Urtica dioica, respectively. Previous studies showed biological and genetic differences in the H. obsoletus populations associated with the two host plants and respective phytoplasma molecular types. Over a six-year study, the relationship between H. obsoletus phenology and its yearly abundance, and spatial distribution of both vector and its host plants was studied in northern Italian infected vineyards. The results showed clear differences in the two H. obsoletus populations (i.e., earlier phenology on C. convolvulus, adult better survival on the host plant where nymphs developed, adult distribution inside or outside vineyards according to C. arvensis and U. dioica presence) and supported the hypothesis of a cryptic speciation. Moreover, an influence of late frosts in spring on nymphal mortality was found. -
Big Time for Small Singers Use and Benefit of Laser Vibrometry in Insect Research
Biology Big Time for Small Singers Use and benefit of laser vibrometry in insect research A planthopper (Hyalesthes obsoletus). This species is a vector of a plant-disease in vineyards and there- fore of scientific and economic interest. Cicadas, leafhoppers, planthoppers and spittlebugs (also called Auchenorrhyncha) are a very diverse group of animals within the insect world. Nevertheless, relatively little is known about their behavior and phylogeny. Vibrational signals play an important role in species recognition and mating behavior. Here, the use of laser vibrometer is extremely helpful. 30 | Biology Cicadas and their songs are THE PROBLEM Species differentiation is difficult familiar to many people who live for many groups of Auchen- or vacation in the USA, Mediterra- In contrast to cicada songs, orrhyncha, and until now the nean or tropics. The “true bugs” which are easily heard unaided identification is mainly based on (Hemiptera), which not only by humans, leafhoppers and anatomical characteristics. How- include Auchenorrhyncha but also planthoppers use substrate-born ever these are often very small, bugs, aphids and whiteflies, are a signals. They produce vibrations so other features are needed for very successful and diverse insect (100 - 3,000 Hz) that can only be identification. Aside from molec- order. To date, about 42,000 registered on the plant the animal ular methods, it turns out that species of Auchenorrhyncha have is sitting on. Substrate-born bioacoustics is a helpful solution. been described worldwide. Most signals were ignored for a long of these species are leafhoppers time although they are wide- EXPERIMENTAL SETUP or planthoppers (cover picture) spread among insects. -
Candidatus Phytoplasma Solani
Eur J Plant Pathol (2016) 144:619–630 DOI 10.1007/s10658-015-0800-y ‘Candidatus phytoplasma solani’ genotypes associated with potato stolbur in Serbia and the role of Hyalesthes obsoletus and Reptalus panzeri (hemiptera, cixiidae) as natural vectors Milana Mitrović & Miljana Jakovljević & Jelena Jović & Oliver Krstić & Andrea Kosovac & Valeria Trivellone & Mauro Jermini & Ivo Toševski & Tatjana Cvrković Accepted: 13 October 2015 /Published online: 17 October 2015 # Koninklijke Nederlandse Planteziektenkundige Vereniging 2015 Abstract A progressive spread of stolbur-associated with plausible insect vectors. Semi- field experiments symptoms observed in potato fields in Serbia over the with naturally ‘Ca. P. solani’-infected H. obsoletus and past few years initiated the study on disease epidemiology R. panzeri confirmed the ability of both species to suc- and transmission pathways performed during 2013 and cessfully transmit the pathogen to potato plants and in- 2014. Inspection of potato fields on 12 localities in north- duce symptoms characteristic of stolbur disease. The third ern Serbia revealed high incidence (60 % of symptomatic putative vector R. quinquecostatus shared genotypes of plants) and wide dispersal (100 % of inspected localities) ‘Ca. P. solani’ with potato plants and other two cixiids, of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’. A qualitative analy- and though not tested in this study should not be ruled out sis of Auchenorrhyncha fauna in affected potato fields as a potential vector. Our study revealed rather identified 16 species, however only Hyalesthes obsoletus, complex epidemiology of potato stolbur in Serbia Reptalus panzeri and R. quinquecostatus tested positive involving several possible routes of horizontal transmis- for ‘Ca.P.solani’. Multilocus typing of strains associated sion and provided experimental evidence for two natural with field collected potato plants and insects had been planthopper vectors. -
Securidaca Longipedunculata Fresen (Polygalaceae): a Review of Its
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Unisa Institutional Repository Securidaca longipedunculata Fresen (Polygalaceae): A review of its ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological properties and toxicology N.I. Mongaloa,b, L.J. McGawb, J.F. Finnieb, J. Van Stadenb* aUniversity of South Africa, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Private Bag X6, Florida 1710, South Africa. bResearch Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa. *Corresponding author: [email protected] Tel: +2733 260 5130 ABSTRACT Ethnopharmacological relevance: Securidaca longipedunculata Fresen (Polygalaceae) is a multi-purpose plant with a long history of use in African traditional medicine to treat various sexually transmitted infections, hernias, coughs, fever, ascariasis, constipation, headaches, rheumatism, stomach ache, malaria, tuberculosis, pain, epilepsy, pneumonia, skin infections, and it is also used as an aphrodisiac for men. The current paper provides an overview of the present phytochemistry, toxicology, ethnomedicinal uses and pharmacological properties of S. longipedunculata. Materials and methods: The information reported in this paper was collected from a literature search using various computerised databases including ScienceDirect, 1 Scopus, Scielo, PubMed and Google Scholar. The extra information was sourced from various academic dissertations, theses and botanical books. Results: Phytochemically, extracts from various parts of S. longipedunculata, especially the root bark, contain numerous valuable compounds including xanthones, some benzyl benzoates and triterpene saponins amongst others. Toxicity studies, both in vivo and in vitro, revealed that extracts are only toxic at relatively high concentrations. Furthermore, extracts have antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiparasitic, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, insecticidal, pesticidal, and anticonvulsant properties. -
Field Evaluation of Cypermethrin, Imidacloprid, Teflubenzuron
plants Article Field Evaluation of Cypermethrin, Imidacloprid, Teflubenzuron and Emamectin Benzoate against Pests of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) and Their Side Effects on Non-Target Species Luis Cruces 1,2,*, Eduardo de la Peña 2,3 and Patrick De Clercq 2 1 Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agronomy, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima 12-056, Peru 2 Department of Plants & Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; [email protected] (E.d.l.P.); [email protected] (P.D.C.) 3 Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Estación Experimental “La Mayora”, 29750 Malaga, Spain * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +051-999-448427 Abstract: During the last few years, quinoa, a traditional Andean crop, has been cultivated at low elevations where pest pressure is high and farmers resort to intensive use of insecticides. This field study investigated the impact of four insecticides (cypermethrin, imidacloprid, teflubenzuron and emamectin benzoate) on insect pests of quinoa and their side effects on the arthropod community at the coastal level of Peru, by analysing the species composition, species diversity and population density. The arthropod community was examined with pitfall traps (for ground dwelling species), Citation: Cruces, L.; de la Peña, E.; plant samplings (for pests and their natural enemies that inhabit the crop), and yellow pan traps (to De Clercq, P. Field Evaluation of catch flying insects). The results demonstrated that Macrosiphum euphorbiae, Frankliniella occidentalis Cypermethrin, Imidacloprid, and Spoladea recurvalis were efficiently controlled by cypermethrin and imidacloprid; the latter Teflubenzuron and Emamectin compound also showed long-term effects on Nysius simulans.