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M. Georges Bontemps (1799-1884), Directeur De Choisy-Le-Roi Nekrolog Von M

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M. Georges Bontemps (1799-1884), Directeur De Choisy-Le-Roi Nekrolog Von M Pressglas-Korrespondenz 2010-2 M. Georges Bontemps (1799-1884), Directeur de Choisy-le-Roi Nekrolog von M. Eugène-Melchior Péligot Moniteur de la Céramique et de la Verrerie, Verlag Edmond Rousset, Paris, 1. Okt. 1884, S. 224 Zur Verfügung gestellt von Herrn Dieter Neumann. Herzlichen Dank! [Übersetzung aus dem Französischen SG] das Verfahren der Mischung dieses Glases [brassage du verre] kennt, das von seinem Vater erfunden wurde, und Nekrolog - Notiz von M. Peligot [Eugène- an M. Bontemps, der dieses Verfahren und das Produkt Melchior Péligot], Sekretär du Conseil, in Choisy-le-Roi bei umfangreichen Mengen von Flint- über M. George Bontemps, glas verbessert hatte. Ein weiterer Preis von 4.000 Franc ehemals Direktor von Choisy-le-Roi wurde zwischen zwei Gesellschaftern der Fabrik für Der Dekan der französischen Glasmeister [doyen des Flintglas aufgeteilt. verriers français] M. Georges Bontemps ist nach einer Auf der „Exposition des produits de l'industrie nationa- kurzen Krankheit in Amboise verstorben. 1799 geboren, le“ von 1839 hat M. Bontemps eine neue Goldmedaille trat M. Bontemps mit siebzehn Jahren [1816] in das Po- empfangen. „Wenige Hersteller“, sagt M. Dumas in sei- lytechnikum [Ecole polytechnique] ein; in dieser Schule nem Bericht, haben „diese Liebe zu ihrer Kunst in glei- erwarb er die wissenschaftlichen Kenntnisse, die einen chem Maße, die sie dazu bringt, alle ihre Aspekte anzu- so fruchtbaren Einfluss auf seine industrielle Karriere visieren und sich um alle ihre Äste zu kümmern.“ Bon- ausgeübt haben. temps wurde auf der Ausstellung von 1844 dekoriert; Zuerst beschäftigt in der Cristallerie de Baccarat, die und er war internationaler Preisrichter auf den Weltaus- 1818 [1816!] von d’Artigues erworben wurde, wurde stellungen von 1862 und 1867. 1867 empfing er das M. Bontemps bald Direktor der Glasfabrik von Choisy- Kreuz eines Offizier der Ehrenlegion. le-Roi; in diesem Unternehmen [établissement] hat er In der Folge der Ereignisse von 1848 [Finanzkrise der die meisten Fortschritte verwirklicht, die die Glasindust- Cristallerie, Wirtschaftskrise und Revolution gegen Kö- rie ihm verdankt. 1826 präsentierte er der Société d'en- nig Louis Philippe] verließ M. Bontemps die Fabrik von couragement rote Gläser aus dieser Fabrik; ein Bericht Choisy-le-Roi und übernahm die Direktion der wichti- von Arcet stellt das Interesse an dieser Fertigung heraus, gen Glasfabriken von MM. Chance in Birmingham die zu dieser Zeit in Frankreich nicht bestand. [siehe Anmerkungen]. Er führte dort die Fertigung der 1838 schrieb die Gesellschaft unter der starken Initiative Gläser für Fensterscheiben in Muffen ein [verre à ihres berühmten und verehrten Präsidenten M. Dumas vitres en manchons], die das alte Verfahren des Glases eine Serie von Preisen aus, mit dem Ziel, unserer Glas- in England in Kronen [verre en couronne, siehe unten industrie einen lebhaften Impuls zu geben. Die französi- Kronglas] ersetzt haben. Darüber hinaus produzierte er sche Glasindustrie produzierte nur farbloses Glas [ne bei MM. Chance Scheiben [Linsen] von optischen Glä- produisait guère que du verre blanc], während die Fab- sern [disques de verres d'optique] mit bisher unbekann- riken von Böhmen und Venedig in der Fertigung von ten Dimensionen. verschiedenen Arten farbiger Gläser hervorragten, ge- Nachdem MM. Chance eine Scheibe [Linse] von Flint- färbt in der Masse, in mehreren Schichten [Überfang], glas im Gewicht von 200 Kilogramm auf die Weltaus- mit Filigran etc. [verres colorés, teints dans la masse, à stellung in London 1851 geschickt hatten, mit 74 Zen- plusieurs couches, filigranés]; man forderte außerdem timeter Durchmesser (29 Zoll / pouces), und eine Schei- für unsere Labors harte Gläser, schwer schmelzbar, die be von Kronglas mit ungefähr den gleichen Dimensio- die Qualität der Gläser von Böhmen hatten [verres durs, nen, verließ M. Bontemps diese Fabriken später [SG: er peu fusibles, ayant la qualité des verres de Bohème]; blieb bei MM. Chance bis 1854 oder 1884, s.u.]. Man andere Preise von ansehnlichem Wert wurden auch für weiß, wie schwer und kostspielig es ist, diese Gläser mit die Fertigung von optischen Gläsern, Flintglas und den Qualitäten zu produzieren, die gebraucht werden, Kronglas ausgeschrieben [verres d'optique, le flint- um eine gute Brille [bonne lunette] zu machen, das heißt glass et le crown-glass]. frei von Schrammen, Blasen, Fäden etc. [exempts de M. Bontemps hat bei diesen Ausschreibungen eine stries, de bulles, de fils], und überdies ohne den Fehler, wichtige Rolle gespielt, die Ansatzpunkt der Fortschritte sich an der Luft und Feuchtigkeit zu verschlechtern [non gewesen sind, die die Glasfabrik [Choisy-le-Roi] seit trempés et n'ayant pas le défaut de s'altérer à l'air en en dieser Zeit realisiert hat; die Preise für das schwer fixant l'humidité]. schmelzbare, farblose Glas und für die farbigen Gläser Der hochberühmte Direktor des Observatoriums von [verre blanc peu fusible et pour les verres colorés] wur- Paris, Le Verrier, hat diese zwei Scheiben um den Preis den geteilt zwischen ihm und einem anderen herausra- von je 25.000 Franc unter gewissen Vorbehalten erwor- genden Glasmeister, M. de Fontenay, ehemals Direktor ben. Nach einer von M. Bontemps ausgegangenen Notiz von Baccarat, dessen kürzlichen Tod wir zu bedauern ist das Kronglas, nach den Aussagen von Foucault, der haben. diese Scheibe einer sehr aufmerksamen Prüfung unter- Für optische Gläser wurde 1840 der Preis im Wert von worfen hatte, das bemerkenswerteste Stück Glas, das je 10.000 Franc vergeben an M. Guinaud fils [Söhne], der produziert worden ist [la plus remarquable pièce de ver- Stand 15.07.2010 PK 2010-2-10 Seite 513 von 542 Seiten Pressglas-Korrespondenz 2010-2 re qui ait été produite]; es ist akzeptiert worden und ist Kronglas ist bereits seit Jahrhunderten bekannt. Seinen der sehr langen und sehr aufwändigen Arbeit ausgesetzt Namen hat es nach dem ältesten Verfahren der Fens- worden, die ihm die gewollte Wölbung [courbure vou- terglasherstellung in England erhalten. Man entnahm lue] geben muss. Das Flintglas präsentiert Nebel und ei- dem Schmelzfluss mit der Glasmacherpfeife die benö- ne Härtung, die es für seinen Zweck in so großer Di- tigte Glasmasse und blies daraus zunächst eine Hohlku- mension unpassend machen [quant au flint, il présente gel. Darauf wurde die Glasmacherpfeife hochgehalten des nébulosités et une trempe qui le rendent impropre à und schnell gedreht, wobei sich die Kugel abflachte. un objectif d'aussi grande dimension]. Dann setzte man der Glasmacherpfeife gegenüber ein Hefteisen an und sprengte die Pfeife ab, so dass ein Unter dem Titel: „Guide du verrier“ [Führer des kreisrundes Loch entstand. Nach abermaligem Erwär- Glasmachers] hat M. Bontemps 1867 einen geschichtli- men wurde die vorgeblasene Kugel mit dem Hefteisen chen und zweckmäßigen Bericht über die Fertigung von gedreht. Hierbei erweiterte sich die Öffnung; ihr Rand Glas, Kristallglas, Spiegelglas und Kirchenfenstern bog sich durch die Zentrifugalkraft nach außen um und [fabrication du verre, du cristal, des glaces, des vitraux] nahm die Form einer Krone an. Durch weiteres Drehen etc. veröffentlicht. Dieses Buch ist bei denjenigen, die entstand eine kreisförmige Glasscheibe, die nach ihrer sich für die Fortschritte der Glasindustrie interessieren, Trennung vom Hefteisen als Fensterscheibe verwendet in allen Händen. Die herausgebrachten Berichte sind um wurde. In alten Kirchen und Häusern sind zum Teil so mehr wirklichkeitsnah, da er der Verfasser ist, und noch solche runde, in Blei gefasste Scheiben zu finden. hinsichtlich der Kirchenfenster wegen der künstleri- Man nennt sie auch Butzenglas oder Butzenscheibe. schen Bewertungen des Autors. Er zeigt auch ein großes Interesse aus geschichtlicher Sicht und hinsichtlich der Früher wurden aus Kronglas hauptsächlich Brillengläser Kirchenfenster aus der Sicht der künstlerischen Ein- und Fensterglas hergestellt. schätzungen des Autors. Wikipedia DE: Flintglas ist ein Glas mit einem hohen Eine andere auch interessante Arbeit ist die Überset- Gehalt an Bleioxid. Optisches Flintglas wird als ein zung des zweiten Buchs des Mönchs Théophilus mit Glas mit einer Abbe’schen Zahl kleiner als 50 defi- dem Titel: Theophili Presbyteri et monachi diversa- niert. (vgl. Kronglas) rum artium. Schedula liber secundus. Dieses Buch, Typische Zusammensetzung: das auf das 11. oder das 12. Jahrhundert zurückgeht, Quarz (SiO ): etwa 62 % handelt besonders von der Kunst des Glasmachens auf- 2 Natriumoxid (Na O): etwa 6 % grund seiner technischen Kenntnisse. M. Bontemps war 2 Kaliumoxid (K O): etwa 8 % mehr als ein anderer Dolmetscher autorisiert, davon eine 2 Blei(II)-oxid (PbO): etwa 24 % getreue Version zu geben. Diese Übersetzung, mit dem Text im Blick, wird von Zeichnungen und erklärenden Je nach Bleigehalt unterscheidet man Leichtflint, Flint Notizen begleitet; gemacht 1876, ist es mit großem Lob oder Schwerflint. in der Akademie der Inschriften und die Briefe [Acadé- mie des inscriptions et belles-lettres] von einem sehr zu- Inzwischen ist es möglich, die optischen Eigenschaften ständigen Würdiger präsentiert worden, M. Jules Labar- von Flintglas auch ohne die Zugabe von Blei zu errei- te. chen. Allerdings besitzen diese bleifreien Gläser oft eine schlechtere Transmission, darum erlaubt die EG- Gefahrstoffrichtlinie RoHS den Einsatz bleihaltiger op- Anmerkungen: tischer Gläser noch für eine Übergangszeit. Wikipedia DE: Als Kronglas bezeichnet man bei der Wegen des hohen Anteils an Bleioxid besitzt Flintglas Herstellung von farbkorrigierten Linsen
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