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Origins of Fortifications AN OFFPRINT FROM Fokus Forti!kation Studies: Volume 2 FOCUS ON FORTIFICATIONS New Research on Forti!cations in the Ancient Mediterranean and the Near East edited by Rune Frederiksen, Silke Müth, Peter I. Schneider and Mike Schnelle Hardcover Edition: ISBN 978-1-78570-131-3 Digital Edition: ISBN 978-1-78570-132-0 Monographs of the Danish Institute at Athens, Volume 18 © Oxbow Books 2016 Oxford & Philadelphia www.oxbowbooks.com Published in the United Kingdom in 2016 by OXBOW BOOKS 10 Hythe Bridge Street, Oxford OX1 2EW and in the United States by OXBOW BOOKS 1950 Lawrence Road, Havertown, PA 19083 Monographs of the Danish Institute at Athens, no. 18. Series editor Rune Frederiksen &ORTIÎCATION3TUDIESNO%DITEDBY2&REDERIKSEN 3ILKE-®TH 0ETER3CHNEIDERAND-IKE3CHNELLE Peer-reviewed publication © Oxbow Books and the individual authors 2016 Hardcover Edition: ISBN 978-1-78570-131-3 Digital Edition: ISBN 978-1-78570-132-0 A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data .AMES&REDERIKSEN 2UNE\-®TH 3ILKE\3CHNEIDER 0ETER)0ETER)RENUS DATE\3CHNELLE -IKE 4ITLE&OCUSONFORTIÎCATIONSNEWRESEARCHONFORTIÎCATIONSINTHEANCIENT-EDITERRANEANANDTHE.EAR%AST EDITEDBY2UNE&REDERIKSEN 3ILKE-®TH 0ETER)3CHNEIDERAND-IKE3CHNELLE Description: Oxford : Oxbow Books, 2015. | Includes bibliographical references and index. )DENTIÎERS,##.PRINT \,##.EBOOK \)3".HARDCOVER \ )3".ELECTRONIC \)3".EPUB \)3".MOBI \ )3".PDF 3UBJECTS,#3(&ORTIÎCATION -EDITERRANEAN2EGION (ISTORY 4O\&ORTIÎCATION -IDDLE%AST (ISTORY 4O\ Mediterranean Region--Antiquities. | Middle East--Antiquities. | Mediterranean Region--History, Military. | Middle East--History, Military. | Military history, Ancient. #LASSIÎCATION,##5'-&PRINT \,##5'-EBOOK \$$# DC ,#RECORDAVAILABLEATHTTPLCCNLOCGOV All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission from the publisher in writing. Printed in Malta by Melita Press Ltd For a complete list of Oxbow titles, please contact: 5.)4%$+).'$/- Oxbow Books 4ELEPHONE &AX Email: [email protected] www.oxbowbooks.com UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Oxbow Books 4ELEPHONE &AX Email: [email protected] WWWCASEMATEACADEMICCOMOXBOW /XBOW"OOKSISPARTOFTHE#ASEMATE'ROUP Front cover: City wall of Herakleia on Latmos (photo: S. Müth) CONTENTS PREFACE .............................................................................................................................. ............................................................... ix Rune Frederiksen, Silke Müth, Peter I. Schneider and Mike Schnelle Introduction ...........................................................................................................................................................................1 Pierre Leriche 3TUDYING!NCIENT&ORTIÎCATIONS!PROMISINGANDEXPANDINGÎELD ............................................................................. 9 Origins of Forti!cations Rune Frederiksen and Mike Schnelle Introduction .........................................................................................................................................................................21 Pascal Butterlin and Sébastien Rey Mari and the Development of Complex Defensive Systems in Mesopotamia at the Dawn of History . 23 Sébastien Rey -ESOPOTAMIAN0OLIORCETICS"EFORE!SSYRIA'ENESISOFTHE!RTOF&ORTIÎCATIONAND3IEGE7ARFARE ..................... Nathan Morello "UILDINGTHE&RONTIER&RONTIER&ORTIÎCATIONSINTHE!SSYRIAN%MPIRE ...................................................................... Tomas Alusik &ORTIÎCATIONSOF0REHISTORIC#RETE4HE#URRENT3TATEOF2ESEARCH ............................................................................ 53 Stefanie Hubert ,ATE-IDDLE(ELLADICAND%ARLY,ATE(ELLADIC&ORTIÎCATIONS3OME#ONSIDERATIONSONTHE2OLEOF"URIALS AND'RAVE-ONUMENTSAT#ITY'ATES .............................................................................................................................. ..66 Gabriele Cifani 4HE&ORTIÎCATIONSOF!RCHAIC2OME3OCIALAND0OLITICAL3IGNIÎCANCE ....................................................................... 82 Baptiste Vergnaud &ORTIÎCATIONSOF#ENTRAL!NATOLIAINTHE%ARLY&IRST-ILLENNIUM"# .......................................................................... Mike Schnelle /RIGINSOF3ABAEAN&ORTIÎCATIONSOFTHE%ARLYST-ILLENNIUM"#¾3OME3UGGESTIONSTOTHE %XAMPLESOFTHE#ITIES-ãRIBAND΢IRWãͥ9EMEN ..................................................................................................... 109 Physical Surroundings and Technique: The Building Experience Peter D. De Staebler Physical Surroundings, Technique and Building Experience: The State of Research INTHE.ETWORK&OKUS&ORTIÎKATION .............................................................................................................................. .123 Jean-Claude Bessac 4ECHNIQUESETCONOMIEDELACONSTRUCTIONDESFORTIÎCATIONSENPIERREMTHODESETPERSPECTIVES ................ 129 Tobias B. H. Helms and Jan-Waalke Meyer Fortifying a Major Early Bronze Age Centre: The Construction and Maintenance OF4ELL#HUERAÁS.ORTHERN3YRIA /UTER$EFENCE7ORKS ............................................................................................ vi CONTENTS 4URGUT3ANER +AAN3AāAND%RTUN$ENKTAľ 4HE&ORTIÎCATIONSOF,ARISA"URUNCUK 2ECONSIDERED ...............................................................................................159 !YľE$ALYANC° "ERNSAND!GNES(ENNING 4HE!CROPOLIS7ALLON-ONTE#ROCCIA3OUTH)TALY "UILDINGA,UCANIAN&ORTIÎCATION The Economical and Representative Utilization of the Landscape ..........................................................................171 Functions and Semantics Silke Müth &UNCTIONSAND3EMANTICSOF&ORTIÎCATIONS!N)NTRODUCTION ..................................................................................... 183 Heinz-Jürgen Beste The Castle Euryalos of Syracuse .....................................................................................................................................193 Jeanine Abdul Massih and Mathilde Gelin &ORTIÎCATIONSAND4OWN0LANNINGIN+YRRHOS)TS(ELLENISTIC/RIGINAND)TS%VOLUTION .......................................207 Wolfram Martini Form, Funktion und Bedeutung der Stadtmauern von Perge in Pamphylien ........................................................220 Ute Lohner-Urban and Peter Scherrer (ELLENISTISCHE0RUNKTORE¾EINWISSENSCHAFTLICHER)RRTUM6ORLUÎGE'RABUNGSERGEBNISSE vom Osttor von Side aus der Kampagne 2012 .............................................................................................................. 232 Klaus Freyberger 4HE&UNCTIONAND3IGNIÎCANCEOF&ORTIÎED3ANCTUARY0RECINCTSINTHE Eastern Mediterranean World during the Hellenistic and Roman Periods ............................................................. Timm Radt &ORTIÎED0ALACESAND2ESIDENCESIN(ELLENISTIC4IMES4HE5PPER#ASTLEON-OUNT+ARASIS and Other Examples .......................................................................................................................................................... 263 *ESSICA"¨TTCHER %BERS :URSEMANTISCHEN&UNKTIONDES"OGENSIM3TADTTORBAU%IN6ERGLEICHZWISCHEN republikanischen und hellenistischen Stadttoren ....................................................................................................... 277 Saskia Stevens Candentia Moenia. The Symbolism of Roman City Walls .............................................................................................. 288 Melanie Jonasch 4HE&ORTIÎCATIONOF3ECONDARY3ETTLEMENTSIN,ATE2OMAN'AUL ............................................................................. 300 Gerda von Bülow The Two Defensive Systems of the Late Roman Imperial Palace of Romuliana 'AMZIGRAD $ACIA2IPENSIS .............................................................................................................................. .................................... Historical Context %RIC,AUFER Antike Befestigungsbauten im historischen Kontext. Ein Diskussionsbeitrag des Netzwerks &OKUS&ORTIÎKATIONÀ ..........................................................................................................................................................325 Pierre Ducrey Defence, Attack and the Fate of the Defeated: Reappraising the Role of City-walls .............................................332 Michael Kerschner Neue Forschungen zu den Befestigungen von Ephesos in archaischer und klassischer Zeit: !RCHOLOGISCHER"EFUNDUND3CHRIFTQUELLEN ................................................................................................................. 337 Tymon de Haas and Peter Attema The Pontine Region Under the Early Republic: A Contested Landscape ................................................................. 351 CONTENTS vii Christian Winkle Römisch-italische Stadtmauern der Mittleren Republik: Funktion und Semantik. Eine quellenkritische Untersuchung zu Livius .....................................................................................................................363 Isabelle Pimouguet-Pédarros and Nevzat Çevik ,ESFORTIÎCATIONSDE-YRADANSLADFENSEDELA,YCIEORIENTALE .............................................................................. 373 Caterina Parigi The Athenian Walls in the 1st Century BC ................................................................................................................... Catharine Hof 4HE,ATE2OMAN#ITY7ALLOF2ESAFA3ERGIUPOLIS3YRIA
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