Medication Administration
By: Carolyn McCune RN, BSN, MSN, CRNP Percutaneous Administration
Medications application to the skin or mucus membranes Ointments, creams, powders, lotions, solutions into the mouth, eye, ear, nose, or vagina. Medications inhaled into the lungs Reduced incidence of side effects but can be messy. Creams, lotions and ointments
Creams Lotions Ointments
Patient teaching-Very important if patient or family administering Always review the 6 patient rights for drug administration. Dressings
Medicated dressings to treat wounds Some protect Patch Testing for Allergens
To identify sensitivity to allergens The antigens are placed in direct contact with the skin and read in 3 and 7 days. May vary with testing A redness or swelling will occur if positive Nitroglycerin Ointment
Used for relief of anginal pain Appying: Always wear gloves Measure appriopriate amount Rotate application site Cover with plastic wrap and tape in place Wash hands after applying Education and teaching Transdermal Delivery Systems Transdermal disk-controlled release of medication. Applying the disk Education to patient Medications to Mucous Membranes Buccal tablets/Sublingual meds Technique and Education Eye Drops and ointments Techniques and Education Nose drops Techniques and Education Mucous Membranes Continued Ear drops: Infants-pull earlobe down and back under 3 years of age Adults and over 3 years-pull up and back Education Nose drops and sprays Technique and Education Medications by Inhalation
Nebulae-sprayed into throat by nebulizer Aerosols-use a flow of air or oxygen uder pressure to get medications into the respiratory tract. May be done by respiratory therapy. Education Vaginal medications(applicators, suppositories, and douches. Technique and education Starts Chapter 9
Enteral meds-drugs enter directly into the GI tract Oral, tube, rectal Administering Meds
Unit dose(single dose) Souffle cup Medicine cup dropper Teaspoon Oral syringe Nipple Enteral Administration
Enteral-into the GI tract by oral, rectal or nasograstic. Safest and most conventient Slowest and least dependable NG method-if unable to swallow Rectal route: bypassing the digestive system and avoids stomach irritation. Oral administration
Dose forms: Capsules Time released Lozenges Pills Tablets Emulsions Suspensions Syrups Medications by Nasogastric,Gastrostomy, or JejunostomyTube
Liquid form of drug if available Tablet form Always flush with water Rectal Suppositories and Enemas Technique Education
Review: Always use 6 medication right Must know how to education the patient and family regarding administration of meds Start Chapter 10
Parenteral administration- Parenteral administration
Route other than the enteral or GI tract Subcutaneous Intramuscular or Intravenous Onset more rapid, less dosage Administration of medications by route other than GI tract This will be covered in lab
You must know sites for SC and IM injections-please review prior to lab Intradermal Route
Injected to produce a Wheal Absorption is slow Technique and education