applied sciences Article Spatiotemporal Modeling of the Smart City Residents’ Activity with Multi-Agent Systems Robert Olszewski 1 , Piotr Pałka 2,* , Agnieszka Turek 1, Bogna Kietli ´nska 3, Tadeusz Płatkowski 4 and Marek Borkowski 2 1 Faculty of Geodesy and Cartography, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland;
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[email protected]; Tel.: +48-691-241-565 Received: 30 April 2019; Accepted: 16 May 2019; Published: 19 May 2019 Abstract: The article proposes the concept of modeling that uses multi-agent systems of mutual interactions between city residents as well as interactions between residents and spatial objects. Adopting this perspective means treating residents, as well as buildings or other spatial objects, as distinct agents that exchange multifaceted packages of information in a dynamic and non-linear way. The exchanged information may be reinforced or diminished during the process, which may result in changing the social activity of the residents. Utilizing Latour’s actor–network theory, the authors developed a model for studying the relationship between demographic and social factors, and the diversified spatial arrangement and the structure of a city. This concept was used to model the level of residents’ trust spatiotemporally and, indirectly, to study the level of social (geo)participation in a smart city.