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Canine Influenza Virus (CIV) Is on the Rise—Don’T Let Your Best Friend Get Sick

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Canine Influenza Virus (CIV) Is on the Rise—Don’T Let Your Best Friend Get Sick Get Your Canine Flu Vaccination Here! Canine Influenza Virus (CIV) is on the rise—don’t let your best friend get sick. Dogs are at higher risk when visiting: • Dog parks Canine• Kennels Influenza • Pet shows/sporting events • Boarding facilities Dr. Jarod• Doggie Hanson, day care DVM, PhD,• GroomersDACVPM Canine influenza is a highly contagious respiratory disease that spreads easily from dog to dog or is transmitted indirectly through bowls, toys, clothes, or hands of the owner. Unlike human flu, which is seasonal, canine influenza can strike all-year round. The growingWhat prevalenceIs Canine ofInfluenza? CIV H3N2 and H3N8* Common CIV symptoms Canine influenza is caused by one or more influenza A viruses. TwoAdapted distinct from the canineInfectious Disease Handbook influenza viruses, H3N8 and H3N2, have actively circulated in dog populations by Merck Animal Health WA ME FEVER Clinical SignsMT ND VT 1 MN in the last several years, although H3N8NH has infected dogs for over 10 years and OR WI NY MA ID SD CT RI The onset of clinical signs is quiteMI rapid, and usually occurs in the WY 2,3 PA H3N2 may have infectedIA dogs in AsiaNJ prior to the year 2000. H and N refer to the CanineNE OH MD InfluenzaLACK OF APPETITE first few days following infection. Many DE patients display few, if NV IL IN WV UT hemagglutininCO andby Dr. neuraminidase Jarod Hanson,VA DVM, proteins, PhD, DACVPMrespectively, which are protrusions on any, clinical signs (essentiallyKS MO asymptomatic),KY or display fairly mild CA NC symptoms. Initially, flu-infectedTN dogs may have a fever, but this the surface of theOK virus that allow the virus to attach to a host, and allow a laboratory AR SC AZ What Is NMCanine Influenza? GA AL often decreases or goes awayMS entirely after the first few days of to initially identify and categorize the virus. Despite its name, canine influenza has COUGH infection.Canine influenzaPatients mayisTX caused beLA lethargic, by one oror morelie around, influenza and mayA viruses. Two distinct canine influenza viruses, H3N8 4,5 4,6 alsoand beenH3N2, shownhave actively to infect circulated otherFL species,in dog populations including in cats, the last ferretsseveral years,(experimentally), although H3N8 has infect- not want to eat. They may 1also have runny noses, sneeze 2,3 ed dogsAK for over 10 years and H3N2 may have infected dogs in Asia prior to the year 2000. 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In more severely affected dogs, RAPID BREATHING (alongrize the with virus. theDespite attending its name, veterinarian!), canine influenza8 so hasit is also important been shown to noteto infect that other although species, this including somecats, Statesdifficulty4,5 ferrets with CIV (experimentally), H3N2-infectedbreathing dogsmay be4,6 andobserved, guinea whilepigs, 7the so it is important to note if any other animals are also LETHARGY mostisacting not severelyStates classified sick. with Cats CIVaffected H3N8-infected have as aanimals alsocanine dogs recently can influenza exhibit been severeinfected virus, withmany an different H7N2 avian influenza influenza, A strainsor bird flu, can strain (along 8 respiratorypotentiallywith the attending distress infect (althoughcompanionveterinarian!), this animals.is so rare, it is andimportant most likely to note that although this is not classified as a canine influenzaStates with virus, CIV H3N2-many and different H3N8-infected influenza dogs A strains can potentially infect companion animals. Getto Yourbe seen with H3N2, Canine if observed at all). Flu Vaccination Here! * Syndromic surveillance data of Cynda Crawford, DVM, PhD, University of Florida; Edward Dubovi, PhD, Cornell University; Sanjay Kapill, DVM, CaninePhD, ACVIM, Oklahoma Influenza State University; RhodeVirus Island State(CIV) Veterinarian’s is office;on the rise—don’t let your best friend get sick. and IDEXX Laboratories.Transmission/Incubation October 2015. THE GROWING PREVALENCE OF Influenza viruses are most likely to infect large groups of CIV H3N2 AND H3N8* InfluenzaThe influenza viruses virusare mostcan likelybe directly to infect spread large from groups one animal to another via nose to nose contact (direct ofanimals animals during during the the winter winter months months when when environmental environ- conditionscontact). (low The temperatures virus can also and be acquiredelevatedDON’T moisture)through breathing WAIT, in aerosolized droplets from an infected mental conditions (low temperatures and elevated WA ME H3N2 Task Force, Jan 2016 4 12 Dogs are at higher risk when visiting: 9 MT ND allowpatient, the virus or fromto live contacting longer outside a virus-infected the host animal, surface. Anyone handling the infected patient can also VT MN moisture) allow the virus to live longer outside the host NH OR 9 WI NY MA potentially move virus from one animal to another via unwashed handsID or otherSD contaminated equipment,CT animal,and animalsand are animals in closer are proximityin closer proximity to one another. to one RI • Dog parks V• KennelsACCINATE• Pet shows/sporting eventsMI WY ® PA another.However,so anything However, the recent that thecontacts H3N2 recent outbreak a H3N2suspected outbreakin the flu United inpatient the States should be disinfected with dilute IA bleach, Lysol , or otherNJ NE OH MD • Boarding facilities • DoggieWWW.DOGINFLUENZA.COM10 day care • Groomers DE NV IL IN United States began in the late 10winter months and WV begansuitable in the disinfectant. late winter Itmonths is also important and continued to wash well hands after handlingUT a dog suspected of having influenza CO VA KS continued well into the summer, so flu may be an CA MO KY intoCanineto the help summer,influenza minimize so is virusflu a highly transmissionmay be contagious an issue to anyother respiratory time patients. of year. disease Dogs that exhibiting spreads clinicaleasily fromsigns dogshould to dogbe isolatedor is NC from issue any time of year. In companion animal species, TN Copyright © 2016 Intervet Inc., d/b/a Merck Animal Health, OK transmitted indirectly through bowls, toys, clothes, or hands of the owner. Unlike humanAR flu, whichSC is In othercompanion animals animal if possible species, to canine minimize influenza any additional typically spread. AZ a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc. TALK TO US TODAY! NM canine influenza typically circulates in shelters and GA AL seasonal, canine influenza can strike all-year round. MS All rights reserved.boardingcirculates US/NCI/0216/0009 facilitiesin shelters after and theintroduction boarding facilities of anafter infected the TX LA animal,introduction due toof theanDiagnosis infected number animal,of unexposed due to thedogs number in the FL population,of unexposed as dogs well asin the population,constant introduction as well as the of Influenza can be diagnosed from11 a nasal swab of theAK patient. Polymerase chain reaction new,constant susceptible introduction animals of new, into susceptiblethe population. animals *into The growing prevalence11(PCR) isof used CIV asH3 theN2 initial and screeningH3N8 test to look for H3N8C andommon H3N2. CI IsolationV symptoms of the virus 304148_Merck_Poster.indd 1 the population. HI 3/15/16 6:16 AM can also be attempted from the same nasal swab sample. Paired serum samplesH3N2 and/or H3N8 can also CIV not confirmed be collected, where an initial serum sample is compared to another serum sample collected ClinicalWA Signs2-3 weeks later to look for antibodiesME in the serum against influenza. 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