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Glossary of Foreign Terms

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GLOSSARY OF FOREIgN TERMS CHINESE TERMS In Chinese Pinyin English translation 部 bu Season 产业化 chanyehua Industrialization 春节联欢会 Chunjie lianhuanwanhui (CCTV program) New Year’s Gala (Spring Festival Gala) 传播力量 chuanbo liliang Communication capacity 传播能力 chuanbo nengli Communication capacity 传记* chuanji Biography 传奇* chuanqi Legendary 创新能力 chuangxin nengli Innovative and communicative influence/ capacity 创造力 chuangzaoli Creativity 当代* dangdai Contemporary 电视剧 dianshiju TV series/drama 电影 dianying Films 都市* dushi Urban 改革开放 gaige kaifang Open reform 革命* geming Revolution 公共外交 gonggongwaijiao Public diplomacy 宫廷* gongting Palace 古代* gudai Before 1911 古典小说 gudian xiaoshuo Traditional Chinese novels (continued) © The Author(s) 2018 195 C. S. Lee, Soft Power Made in China, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93115-9 196 GLOSSARY OF FOREIGN TERMS (continued) In Chinese Pinyin English translation 古装* guzhuang Costume 国际影响力 guoji yingxiangli International influence (of China) 和平崛起 heping jueqi Peaceful rise 华人 huaren (Ethnic) Chinese 集 ji Episode 近代* Jindai 1911–1949 禁区 jinqu Forbidden areas 功夫 gongfu Martial arts, Kungfu or Kung Fu 军旅* junlv Military 科幻* kehuan Science fiction 历史* lishi History 民族 minzu Ethnic group 民族复兴 minzu fuxing Revival of the Chinese people 农村* nongcun Village 偶像剧 ouxiangju (Taiwanese) trendy dramas 软实力 ruanshili Soft power 商业化 shangyehua Commercialization 商业片 shangyepian Commercialized products or blockbusters 涉案* shean Law 社会主义文化强国 Shehuizhuyi wenhua A “socialist” cultural power; cultural qiangguo superpower status with socialism 试点 shidian A “testing point”, a pilot/experiment project 其他* qita Other 青少* qingshao Youth 网络文化 wangluo wenhua Internet culture 文化安全 wenhua anquan Cultural security 文化创意产业 wenhua chuangyichanye Cultural creative industries 文化力 wenhuali Cultural power 文化经济 wenhua jingji Cultural economy 文化控制 wenhua kongzhi Cultural control 文化强国 wenhua qiangguo Cultural superpower 文化软实力 wenhua ruanshili Cultural soft power 文化市场 wenhua shichang Cultural market 文化外交 wenhua waijiao Cultural diplomacy 文化影响力 wenhua yingxiangli Cultural influence 文化综合国力 wenhua zongheguoli Cultural comprehensive power 武打* wuda Martial arts 武侠 wuxia Kungfu, martial arts 武侠小说 wuxia xiaoshuo Martial arts novels 现代* xiandai Modern 辛亥革命 Xinhai geming Xinhai Revolution 小康社会 xiaokang shehui A well-off society 演出 yanchu Choreography (continued) GLOSSARY OF FOREIGN TERMS 197 (continued) In Chinese Pinyin English translation 引进来 yinjinlai Bringing in; inward flow 影像 yingxiang Audio-visual products 影响力 yingxiangli Influence 艺术品 yishupin Artifacts 娱乐 yule Entertainment 战争* zhanzheng War 制片 zhipian Producer 重大* zhongda Important 中华民族 Zhonghua minzu Chinese (people) 中华文化 Zhonghua wenhua Chinese culture 中共中央办公室 Zhonggong zhongyang The General Office of the Communist bangongshi Party of China 中国梦 Zhongguomeng Chinese dream 中国模式 Zhongguo moshi Chinese economic developmental model; China model 走出去 zouchuqu Going global/out; outward flow 走向市场 zouxiang shichang Go to the market; marketization 综合国力 zongheguoli Comprehensive national power Note: Terms with an * (asterisk) indicate that they appear in the SAPPRFT’s guideline regarding Chinese TV series. Thus, they are customized to such setting JAPANESE TERMS In Japanese Romanization English translation BS Broadcasting Satellite (BS) 武侠ドラマ Bukyō dorama Martial arts (Kungfu) drama CS Communications Satellite (CS) 放送 Hōsō Broadcasting 放送大学 Hōsō daigaku Broadcasting University 放送権 Hōsōken Broadcasting rights ジャッキー・チェン Jakkı ̄ Chen gekijō Jackie Chan Theater 劇場 感情的 Kanjouteki Being easily sentimental/ emotionally stirred 関東 Kantō Honshu area of Japan 華流 Karyū Chinese wave 日本放送協会 Nippon Hōsō Kyōkai NHK (continued) 198 GLOSSARY OF FOREIGN TERMS (continued) In Japanese Romanization English translation 日中韓歴史ドラマ・ Nitchūkan rekishi dorama・eiga Japan-China-Korea Historical 映画 Drama・Film 新聞 shimbun Newspaper 朱元璋 Shu Genshō Zhu Yuanzhang 失われた20年 wushinarareta 20 nen The two lost decades KOREAN TERMS In Korean Romanization English translation 냄비근성 naembi geunsong Easily stirred and easy to forget 단오절 danoje Duan Wu festival 대체재 dachaejae Replacement; substitute 무협 Muhyeop Martial arts 방송 bangsong Broadcasting 방송채널사업자 Bangsong chaeneol saeopja Program Providers 삼고초려 samgochoryeo After several attempts to … finally… 설날특선영화 seolnal tekseon yeonghwa Special movies for holidays 소장가치 sojang gachi Goods of value 위성방송 Wiseong bangsong Satellite TV 제작피디 jejak pidi Production producers 주말명화 jumal myeonghwa Weekly movies 중개인 junggaein An agent; a broker 중국 jungguk China; Chinese 중국인 Junggukin Chinese people 중류 Jungryu (中流, zhongliu) Chinese wave 지상파 Jisangpa Terrestrial TV 지상파 계열 PP Jisangpa gyeyeol pp chaeneol PP channels affiliated with 채널 terrestrial TV 추석 chuseok Thanksgiving day 판권 pangwon Copyrights 한류 Hallyu (韩流) Korean wave 한류 Hanryu (汉流) Chinese wave 해외판권팀 haeoe pangwon team Overseas copyright teams 화류 Hwaryu (华流) Chinese wave (Karyū in Japanese) APPENDIcES APPENDIX A: INtERVIEWS CONDUctED DURINg tHE FIELD RESEARcH (BY FIELD SItE) Table A.1 China: interviewees Code Place Date Type CM1 Beijing December 5, 2011; Film production company June 15, 2012 CM2 Beijing December 5, 2011; Film director August 1, 2013; July 21, 2016 CM3 Beijing February 22, 2012; Production manager August 3, 2013 CM4 Shanghai February 6, 2012 Researcher CM5 Shanghai February 7, 2012 TV producer CM6 Shanghai February 7, 2012 Professor (International communication) CM7 Shanghai February 7, 2012 Media practitioner CM8 Shanghai February 7, 2012 Media practitioner CM9 Shanghai February 8, 2012 Professor (Sociology) CM10 Shanghai February 8, 2012 TV Producer CM11 Shanghai February 9, 2012 Professor (Media studies) CM12 Shanghai February 9, 2012 Professor (Chinese studies) CM13 Shanghai February 9, 2012 Public servant CM14 Beijing February 19, 2012 Media practitioner at a broadcasting station CM15 Beijing February 20, 2012 Researcher CM16 Beijing February 21, 2012 Reporter (Xinhua news agency) (continued) © The Author(s) 2018 199 C. S. Lee, Soft Power Made in China, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93115-9 200 Appendices Table A.1 (continued) Code Place Date Type CM17 Beijing February 23, 2012 Professor (Communication studies) CM18 Shenzhen February 26, 2012 Media practitioner CM19 Shenzhen February 27, 2012 Media practitioner CM20 Shenzhen February 28, 2012 Professor (Communication studies) CM21 Shenzhen February 28, 2012 Distribution manager CM22 Shenzhen February 28, 2012 Distribution manager CM23 Shenzhen February 28, 2012 Media practitioner at a broadcasting station in Shenzhen CM24 Shenzhen February 28, 2012 Reporter (Nanhua zaobao) CM25 Shenzhen February 29, 2012 Professor (International communication) CM26 Beijing March 5, 2012 Beijing Film Academy graduate CM27 Shenzhen June 14, 2012 Reporter CM28 Shenzhen June 14, 2012 Media practitioner CM29 Hong June 16, 2012 Media practitioner Kong CM30 Hong June 17, 2012 Reporter (Xinhua news agency) Kong CM31 Hong June 18, 2012 Media practitioner Kong CM32 Shenzhen June 19, 2012 Media practitioner CM33 Shenzhen June 19, 2012; Media practitioner July 21, 2016 CM34 Shanghai July 15, 2012 Media practitioner CM35 Beijing October 13, 2012; Professor (Communication studies) August 4, 2013 CM36 Beijing October 13, 2012; Research fellow (Communication studies) August 4, 2013 CM37 Beijing August 3, 2014; Media practitioner July 21, 2016 CM38 Beijing September 25, 2015 Media practitioner Appendices 201 Interviews in South Korea Table A.2 South Korea: audiences Code Date Gender Age Education level Occupation/sector KV1 November 19, Female 20s University Educational sector 2011 graduated KV2 November 27, Female 20s University International organization 2011 graduated KV3 November 27, Male 20s University Bio industry 2011 graduated KV4 November 28, Female 20s University Media company 2011 graduated KV5 November 29, Female 20s Graduate student Teacher 2011 (MA) KV6 November 29, Female 20s Graduate student Teacher 2011 (MA) KV7 November 29, Female 30s Graduate student Teacher 2011 (MA) KV8 November 29, Female 30s Graduate student Teacher 2011 (MA) KV9 November 30, Female 20s University Fashion industry 2011 graduated KV10 December 5, Female 20s University Law firm 2011 graduated KV11 December 8, Female 20s University student University student 2011 KV12 December 8, Male 20s University student University student 2011 KV13 December 8, Female 20s University student University student 2011 KV14 December 8, Female 20s University student University student 2011 KV15 December 9, Female 20s University student University student 2011 KV16 December 9, Male 20s University student University student 2011 KV17 December 9, Female 20s University student University student 2011 KV18 December 9, Female 20s University student University student 2011 KV19 December 10, Female 20s University student University student 2011 KV20 December 11, Female 20s University student University student 2011 (continued) 202 Appendices Table A.2 (continued) Code Date Gender Age Education level Occupation/sector KV21 December 11, Female 20s University student University student 2011 KV22 December 13, Female 20s University student University student 2011 KV23 December 13, Female 20s University student University student 2011 KV24 December 13, Female 20s University student University student 2011 KV25 December 15, Male 20s University student University student 2011 KV26 December 15, Male 20s University student University student 2011 KV27 December 15, Female 20s University student University student 2011 KV28 December 15, Male 20s University student
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    Translation The following government-issued white paper describes China's approach to standards-setting for artificial intelligence. Appendices list all of China's current (as of January 2018) and planned AI standardization protocols, and provide examples of applications of AI by China's leading tech companies. Title Artificial Intelligence Standardization White Paper (2018 Edition) 2018 Author China Electronics Standardization Institute (CESI; ; ) is the "compiling unit" () for this white paper. The 2nd Industrial Department () of the Standardization Administration of China (SAC; ) is the "guidance unit" () for this white paper. Source CESI website, January 24, 2018. CESI is a think tank subordinate to the PRC Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT; ); CESI is also known as the 4th Electronics Research Institute (; ) of MIIT. SAC is a component of the PRC State Administration for Market Regulation (), a ministry-level agency under China's cabinet, the State Council. The Chinese source text is available online at: http://www.cesi.cn/images/editor/20180124/20180124135528742.pdf Translation Date Translator Editor May 12, 2020 Etcetera Language Group, Inc. Ben Murphy, CSET Translation Lead Contributing institutions (in no particular order) China Electronics Standardization Institute Shanghai Development Center of Computer (CESI) Software Technology Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy Shanghai Xiao-i Robot Technology Co., Ltd. of Sciences Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing iQIYI Technology Co., Ltd. Tsinghua University Beijing Yousheng Zhiguang Technology Co., Ltd. (mavsyin) Peking University Extreme Element (Beijing) Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd. Renmin University of China Beijing ByteDance Technology Co., Ltd. Beihang University Beijing Sensetime Technology Development Co., Ltd. iFLYTEK Co., Ltd. Zhejiang Ant Small and Micro Financial Services Group Co., Ltd.
  • What Do Chinese-Language Microblog Users Do with Baidu Baike And

    What Do Chinese-Language Microblog Users Do with Baidu Baike And

    What do Chinese-language microblog users do with Baidu Baike and Chinese Wikipedia? A case study of information engagement Han-Teng Liao Oxford Internet Institute University of Oxford Oxford, United Kingdom [email protected] ABSTRACT than in the West [3]. By the first half year of 2010, the content This paper presents a case study of information engagement based produced by amateur Chinese Internet users surpassed that on microblog posts gathered from Sina Weibo and Twitter that produced by professional websites [25]. According to a survey mentioned the two major Chinese-language user-generated report based on 2012 data, around 66.1% of mainland Chinese encyclopaedias. The content analysis shows that microblog users Internet users used a blog/personal space, 54.7% used microblogs, not only engaged in public discussions by using and citing both and 48.8% used social networking websites [5]. One US market encyclopaedias, but also shared their perceptions and experiences report found that 47% of Chinese broadband users had more generally with various online platforms and China’s contributed to UGC in China, including online review sites, filtering/censorship regime to which user-generated content and forums, blogs, etc., and that this UGC content had influenced activities are subjected. This exploratory study thus raises several 58% of purchase decisions in China. Both numbers are much research and practice questions on the links between public higher than the corresponding statistics in the US [23]. discussions and information engagement on user-generated The growth of UGC in mainland China may have contributed to platforms. the creation of a so-called “public opinion monitoring sector” (舆 情监测服務市場), where managers (mostly from the public Categories and Subject Descriptors sector) buy up-to-date information about the latest online public [Human-centered computing]: Collaborative and social opinion in mainland China.