Name Date Period
BLUE REIVEW UNIT TEST: THE HISTORY OF LIFE ON EARTH
Complete the following questions using your HMH Book (mod D), notes (see power point on the web page), packet 11 and your corrected assignments.
FOSSILS AND THE FOSSIL RECORD:
1. Write a number (1 – 4) in front of each statement to indicate the correct sequence (order) for fossil formation.
______3____Layers of sediment bury the entire skeleton.
______4____Sediment builds up and turns to rock.
____1______An organism dies, and its body begins to decompose.
______2____Sediment begins to cover the organism’s skeleton.
2. The diagram shows a portion of the fossil record in sedimentary rock. Different rock layers and fossils are clearly visible. a) Identify the oldest and the youngest layers of rock.
D = oldest; A = youngest
b) Which fossils are the most recent? How do you know? Fossils in layer A, this is the newest, topmost
layer.
c) Where were these fossils formed? How do you know? In the ocean. There are shells and fish skeletons
3. Hyracotherium is the genus of the earliest known ancestor of the horse, and Equus is the genus of the modern horse. The image shows the change in the horse’s skull over time.
Formulate 2 conclusions about the evolution of the horse, supported by this evidence. 1. Hyracotherium is the ancestor of the modern horse. They both have similar skull features such as, shape, space between front and back teeth. 2. The horse got larger over time.
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4. Use the graph below to answer the question that follows.
a) How many mass extinctions have occurred? _five (5)
5.Over time the number of life forms on Earth has gotten larger, there are many more different life forms.
Name Date Period
.
Write true if the statement is true or false if the statement is false. 1. TRUE Fossils provide clear evidence that evolution has occurred. 2. TRUE Embryos of many different vertebrates look much more similar than the adult organisms. 3. FALSE Darwin’s comparison of DNA sequences provided strong evidence of evolution. 4. TRUE Today’s scientists compare the anatomy, embryos, and DNA of modern organisms to understand how they evolved. 5. FALSE Homologous structures are structures that are different in related organisms because they were inherited from a common ancestor. 6. TRUE Comparative anatomy is the study of the similarities and differences in the structures of different species. 7. TRUE Homologous embryology is the study of the similarities and differences in the embryos of different species. 8. TRUE The wings of bats and birds serve the same function and are homologous structures. 9. TRUE DNA sequence similarities are the strongest evidence for evolution from a common ancestor. Name Date Period
Multiple Choice Circle the letter of the correct choice. 1. Evidence of evolution includes (a) DNA sequence analysis. (b) the fossil record. (c) anatomical evidence. (d) all of the above
2. Which of the following is true about horse evolution? (1) Early horses were about the size of a fox. (2) Early horses had toes. (3) During evolution, their molars became covered with cement. (a) 1 only (b) 1 and 2 (c) 2 and 3 (d) 1, 2, and 3 3. An example of a vestigial structure is the (a) kangaroo pouch. (b) human tail bone. (c) cat forelimb. (d) all of the above 4. The strongest evidence for evolution from a common ancestor is (a) similar DNA sequences. (b) similar body structures. (c) similar embryological structures. (d) (d) similar fossils Vocabulary I Match the vocabulary word with the proper definition. Terms B 5. the study of the similarities and a. comparative anatomy differences in the embryos of different species b. comparative embryology c. DNA sequences d. fossils e. homologous structure f. vestigial structure Definitions C 1. the strongest evidence for evolution from a common ancestor _E 2. structures that are similar in related organisms because they were inherited from a common ancestor D 3. provide clear evidence that evolution has occurred F 4. reduced structures that are no longer used Name Date Period
A 6. the study of the similarities and differences in the structures of different species
ANSWERS VOCABULARY II
1. DNA
2. HOMOLOGOUS
3. ANATOMY
4. FOSSILS
5. VESTIGIAL
6. HOMOLOGOUS
7. EMBRYOLOGY
8. ANATOMY, STRUCTURE ARRANGEMENT
Use your notes and text book HMH to 8. Reasons why species would become answer the following as a study guide extinct after environmental changes. 9. Human causes of extinction 1. Speciation (pg 116-120) 10. Know the terms Genus and Species 2. Species (DEFINE) A GROUP OF CLOSELY (Scientific name) RELATED INDIVIDUALS THAT CAN 11. Evidence of Evolution (FAME) (pg 4-8, PRODUCE OFFSPRING THAT ARE 17-18) THEMSELVES ABLE TO PRODUCE 12. Fossil Record. OFFSPRING 13. How do we use the fossil record? 3. Causes of speciation: Reproductive 14. Fossils represent what percentage of Isolation (causes of reproductive species ______isolation) and Geographical Isolation
(explain what causes each isolation 15. Describe how fossils are formed give examples) 4. What method is used to determine if speciation has occurred? 5. Extinction (pg. 121-124) 6. Examples of extinction 7. Causes of mass extinctions Name Date Period
16. Anatomy (comparative anatomy): Homologous and Vestigial structures
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17. Molecular (DNA, proteins etc…_) 18. Embryology 19. Common Ancestor Name Date Period