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How Blood-Derived Odor Influences Mate-Choice Decisions by a Mosquito-Eating Predator
How blood-derived odor influences mate-choice decisions by a mosquito-eating predator Fiona R. Crossa, Robert R. Jacksona,b, and Simon D. Pollardc,1 aSchool of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand; bInternational Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Thomas Odhiambo Campus, P.O. Box 30, Mbita Point, 40305 Kenya; and cCanterbury Museum, Rolleston Avenue, Christchurch 8013, New Zealand Edited by Hans R. Herren, Millennium Institute, Arlington, VA, and approved September 29, 2009 (received for review April 14, 2009) Evarcha culicivora (Araneae, Salticidae) feeds indirectly on vertebrate nate between the lake fly and the bloodcarrying mosquito by blood by choosing, as preferred prey, bloodcarrying female mosqui- sight and by olfaction (6). toes. Mutual mate-choice behavior is also pronounced in this species. Evarcha culicivora also identifies opposite-sex conspecific Here we show that, when E. culicivora feeds indirectly on blood, it individuals (i.e., potential mates) not only by sight but also by acquires a diet-related odor that makes it more attractive to the odor (7, 17). Here we consider whether there is a link between opposite sex. The mate-choice decisions of the adults of both sexes this predator’s unusual diet and its mate-choice decisions, our were investigated in a series of experiments based on comparing how hypothesis being that, by feeding on bloodcarrying mosquitoes, long the test spider remained close to the odor of one source spider E. culicivora acquires an odor (or ‘perfume’) that is preferred by on one day and to the odor of a different source spider on the potential mates. -
Evarcha Culicivora Chooses Blood-Fed Anopheles Mosquitoes but Other
MVE mve˙986 Dispatch: October 6, 2011 Journal: MVE CE: Hybrid-CE View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE Journal Name Manuscript No. B Author Received: No of pages: 3 TS: Suresh provided by UC Research Repository Medical and Veterinary Entomology (2011), doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2915.2011.00986.x 1 1 2 SHORT COMMUNICATION 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 Evarcha culicivora chooses blood-fed Anopheles 6 7 7 8 mosquitoes but other East African jumping spiders do 8 9 9 10 not 10 11 11 12 12 13 R. R. J A C K S O N1,2 andX.J.NELSON1 13 14 14 AQ1 1 2 15 Department of Xxx, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand and Department of 15 16AQ2 Xxx, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Mbita Point, Kenya 16 17 17 18 18 19 Abstract. Previous research using computer animation and lures made from dead 19 20 prey has demonstrated that the East African salticid Evarcha culicivora Wesolowska & 20 21AQ3 Jackson (Araneae: Salticidae) feeds indirectly on vertebrate blood by actively choosing 21 22 blood-carrying female mosquitoes as prey, and also that it singles out mosquitoes of 22 23AQ4 the genus Anopheles (Diptera: Culicidae) by preference. Here, we demonstrate that 23 24 E. culicivora’s preference is expressed when the species is tested with living prey 24 25 and that it is unique to E. culicivora. As an alternative hypothesis, we considered 25 26 26 the possibility that the preference for blood-fed female anopheline mosquitoes might 27 27 28 be widespread in East African salticids. -
Effects of Removal Or Reduced Density of the Malaria Mosquito, Anopheles
Medical and Veterinary Entomology (2018), doi: 10.1111/mve.12327 REVIEW ARTICLE Effects of the removal or reduction in density of the malaria mosquito, Anopheles gambiae s.l., on interacting predators and competitors in local ecosystems C. M. COLLINS1 , J. A. S. BONDS2, M. M. QUINLAN1 and J. D. MUMFORD1 1Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, London, U.K. and 2Bonds Consulting Group LLC, Panama City Beach, Florida, U.S.A. Abstract. New genetic control methods for mosquitoes may reduce vector species without direct effects on other species or the physical environment common with insecticides or drainage. Effects on predators and competitors could, however, be a concern as Anopheles gambiae s.l. is preyed upon in all life stages. We overview the literature and assess the strength of the ecological interactions identified. Most predators identified consume many other insect species and there is no evidence that anyspecies preys exclusively on any anopheline mosquito. There is one predatory species with a specialisation on blood-fed mosquitoes including An. gambiae s.l.. Evarcha culicivora is a jumping spider, known as the vampire spider, found around Lake Victoria. There is no evidence that these salticids require Anopheles mosquitoes and will readily consume blood-fed Culex. Interspecific competition studies focus on other mosquitoes of larval habitats. Many of these take place in artificial cosms and give contrasting results to semi-field studies. This may limit their extrapolation regarding the potential impact of reduced An. gambiae numbers. Previous mosquito control interventions are informative and identify competitive release and niche opportunism; so while the identity and relative abundance of the species present may change, the biomass available to predators may not. -
Visual Perception in Jumping Spiders (Araneae,Salticidae)
Visual Perception in Jumping Spiders (Araneae,Salticidae) A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Biology at the University of Canterbury by Yinnon Dolev University of Canterbury 2016 Table of Contents Abstract.............................................................................................................................................................................. i Acknowledgments .......................................................................................................................................................... iii Preface ............................................................................................................................................................................. vi Chapter 1: Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 2: Innate pattern recognition and categorisation in a jumping Spider ........................................................... 9 Abstract ....................................................................................................................................................................... 10 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................ 11 Methods ..................................................................................................................................................................... -
Nectar Meals of a Mosquito-Specialist Spider
Hindawi Publishing Corporation Psyche Volume 2012, Article ID 898721, 7 pages doi:10.1155/2012/898721 Research Article Nectar Meals of a Mosquito-Specialist Spider Josiah O. Kuja,1, 2 Robert R. Jackson,2, 3 Godfrey O. Sune,2 RebeccaN.H.Karanja,1 Zipporah O. Lagat,1 and Georgina E. Carvell2, 3 1 Department of Biological Sciences, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi 00200, Kenya 2 International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Thomas Odhiambo Campus, Mbita Point 40350, Kenya 3 School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand Correspondence should be addressed to Georgina E. Carvell, [email protected] Received 10 September 2012; Accepted 8 November 2012 Academic Editor: Louis S. Hesler Copyright © 2012 Josiah O. Kuja et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Evarcha culicivora, an East African jumping spider, is known for feeding indirectly on vertebrate blood by actively choosing blood-carrying mosquitoes as prey. Using cold-anthrone tests to detect fructose, we demonstrate that E. culicivora also feeds on nectar. Field-collected individuals, found on the plant Lantana camara, tested positive for plant sugar (fructose). In the laboratory, E. culicivora tested positive for fructose after being kept with L. camara or one of another ten plant species (Aloe vera, Clerodendron magnifica, Hamelia patens, Lantana montevideo, Leonotis nepetaefolia, Parthenium hysterophorus, Ricinus communis, Senna didymobotrya, Striga asiatica,andVerbena trivernia). Our findings demonstrate that E. culicivora acquires fructose from its natural diet and can ingest fructose directly from plant nectaries. -
Natural Prey of the Jumping Spider Menemerus Semilimbatus (Hahn, 1827) (Araneae: Salticidae), with Notes on Its Unusual Predatory Behaviour
EUROPEAN ARACHNOLOGY 2003 (LOGUNOV D.V. & PENNEY D. eds.), pp. 93100. © ARTHROPODA SELECTA (Special Issue No.1, 2004). ISSN 0136-006X (Proceedings of the 21st European Colloquium of Arachnology, St.-Petersburg, 49 August 2003) Natural prey of the jumping spider Menemerus semilimbatus (Hahn, 1827) (Araneae: Salticidae), with notes on its unusual predatory behaviour Åñòåñòâåííàÿ äîáû÷à ïàóêà ñêàêóí÷èêà Menemerus semilimbatus (Hahn, 1827) (Araneae: Salticidae) ñ çàìåòêàìè î åãî íåîáû÷íîì õèùíè÷åñêîì ïîâåäåíèè E.F. GUSEINOV Ý.Ô. ÃÓÑÅÉÍΠInstitute of Zoology, Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences, block 504, passage 1128, Baku 370073, Azerbaijan. email: [email protected] Èíñòèòóò çîîëîãèè ÍÀÍ Àçåðáàéäæàíà, êâàðòàë 504, ïðîåçä 1128, Áàêó 370073, Àçåðáàéäæàí. email: [email protected] ABSTRACT. Prey composition and the hunting behaviour of the jumping spider, Menemerus semilimbatus, which inhabits stone walls was studied. Less than 10% of the specimens in the population studied were observed feeding. Adult males fed significantly less frequently than adult females and juveniles. Diptera, the dominant prey group, accounted for more than 70% of all prey consumed. No other single prey type was present in significant numbers. M. semilimbatus adopts a specialized predatory behaviour towards flies that is unusual for salticids. This behaviour depends on how the fly is orientated towards the spider. If the fly is facing away from the spider, M. semilimbatus approaches it directly. When the fly is facing the spider, M. semilimbatus keeps its distance and encircles it until the prey is facing away from the spider. Only then, will the spider start to approach the fly directly. The specific habitat of M. -
Spiders 27 November-5 December 2018 Submitted: August 2019 Robert Raven
Bush Blitz – Namadgi, ACT 27 Nov-5 Dec 2018 Namadgi, ACT Bush Blitz Spiders 27 November-5 December 2018 Submitted: August 2019 Robert Raven Nomenclature and taxonomy used in this report is consistent with: The Australian Faunal Directory (AFD) http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/abrs/online-resources/fauna/afd/home Page 1 of 12 Bush Blitz – Namadgi, ACT 27 Nov-5 Dec 2018 Contents Contents .................................................................................................................................. 2 List of contributors ................................................................................................................... 2 Abstract ................................................................................................................................... 4 1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 4 2. Methods .......................................................................................................................... 4 2.1 Site selection ............................................................................................................. 4 2.2 Survey techniques ..................................................................................................... 4 2.2.1 Methods used at standard survey sites ................................................................... 5 2.3 Identifying the collections ......................................................................................... -
Myrmarachnine Jumping Spiders of the New Subtribe Levieina from Papua
A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 842: 85–112 (2019) New myrmarachnine jumping spiders 85 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.842.32970 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Myrmarachnine jumping spiders of the new subtribe Levieina from Papua New Guinea (Araneae, Salticidae, Myrmarachnini) Wayne P. Maddison1, Tamás Szűts2 1 Departments of Zoology and Botany and Beaty Biodiversity Museum, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada 2 Department of Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Budapest, H1077, Rottenbiller u. 50, Hungary Corresponding author: Wayne P. Maddison (wayne.maddison@ ubc.ca) Academic editor: Jeremy Miller | Received 10 January 2019 | Accepted 12 March 2019 | Published 7 May 2019 http://zoobank.org/D911C055-FF4B-4900-877B-123951761AC1 Citation: Maddison WP, Szűts T (2019) Myrmarachnine jumping spiders of the new subtribe Levieina from Papua New Guinea (Araneae, Salticidae, Myrmarachnini). ZooKeys 842: 85–112. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.842.32970 Abstract A previously unreported radiation of myrmarachnine jumping spiders from New Guinea is described, which, although having few known species, is remarkably diverse in body forms. This clade is the new subtribe Levieina, represented by seven new species in three new genera. Within Leviea gen. n. are three new species, L. herberti sp. n., L. lornae sp. n., and L. francesae sp. n., all of which are unusual among the myrmarachnines in appearing as typical salticids, not antlike. Papuamyr gen. n. superficially resembles Ligonipes Karsch, 1878 or Rhombonotus L. Koch, 1879 as a compact antlike spider, but lacks their laterally- compressed palp and bears an ectal spur on the paturon of the chelicera. -
Jumping Spiders That Love Smelly Socks Could Help Fight Malaria 17 February 2011, by Lin Edwards
Jumping spiders that love smelly socks could help fight malaria 17 February 2011, by Lin Edwards small holding chamber connected to an exit chamber and pumped air into the holding chamber from one of two boxes. One of the boxes contained a clean sock, and the other contained a smelly sock that had been worn for 12 hours. The spider was free to move into the exit chamber at any time, and this chamber had normal, unscented air. The results of the experiment were that the spiders stayed in the holding chamber 15 to 30 minutes longer if their air was laden with the scent of smelly socks than if the air carried the clean sock smell. Evarcha culicivora. Credit: Robert Jackson/ University of The behavior was seen in all 109 spiders tested, Canterbury. regardless of their age or gender. Dr Cross said the discovery ties in with some of the spider's behavior patterns, and it is the first time a (PhysOrg.com) -- Researchers in New Zealand spider's attraction to human odors has been have found that a type of jumping spider prefers demonstrated. She said since the spider lives in the odor of smelly socks to clean ones. The spider areas where malaria is rife it makes sense to learn is the only predator known to feed indirectly on as much as possible about it, especially ways in vertebrate blood by eating the mosquitoes that which people can lure the spiders into living in their have fed on the vertebrates, including humans. houses without attracting more mosquitoes at the same time. -
Australasian Arachnology 83.Pdf
Australasian Arachnology 83 Page 1 Australasian Arachnology 83 Page 2 THE AUSTRALASIAN ARTICLES ARACHNOLOGICAL SOCIETY The newsletter Australasian Arachnology depends on the contributions of members. www.australasian-arachnology.org Please send articles to the Editor: Acari – Araneae – Amblypygi – Opiliones – Palpigradi – Pseudoscorpiones – Pycnogonida – Michael G. Rix Schizomida – Scorpiones – Uropygi Department of Terrestrial Zoology Western Australian Museum The aim of the society is to promote interest in Locked Bag 49, Welshpool DC, W.A. 6986 the ecology, behaviour and taxonomy of Email: [email protected] arachnids of the Australasian region. Articles should be typed and saved as a MEMBERSHIP Microsoft Word document, with text in Times New Roman 12-point font. Only electronic Membership is open to all who have an interest email (preferred) or posted CD-ROM submiss- in arachnids – amateurs, students and ions will be accepted. professionals – and is managed by our Administrator (note new address ): Previous issues of the newsletter are available at http://www.australasian- Volker W. Framenau arachnology.org/newsletter/issues . Phoenix Environmental Sciences P.O. Box 857 LIBRARY Balcatta, W.A. 6914 Email: [email protected] For those members who do not have access to a scientific library, the society has a large number Membership fees in Australian dollars (per 4 of reference books, scientific journals and paper issues): reprints available, either for loan or as photo- *discount personal institutional copies. For all enquiries concerning publica- Australia $8 $10 $12 tions please contact our Librarian: NZ/Asia $10 $12 $14 Elsewhere $12 $14 $16 Jean-Claude Herremans There is no agency discount. -
First Records of the Jumping Spider Menemerus Semilimbatus (Araneae: Salticidae) in Chile
Peckhamia 102.1 Menemerus semilimbatus in Chile 1 PECKHAMIA 102.1, 07 August 2012, 1―3 ISSN 2161―8526 (print) ISSN 1944―8120 (online) First records of the jumping spider Menemerus semilimbatus (Araneae: Salticidae) in Chile Andrés Taucare-Rios 1 and G. B. Edwards 2 1 Departamento de Ciencias del Mar, CENIMA, Universidad Arturo Prat, Casilla 121, Iquique, Chile, email: [email protected] 2 Florida State Collection of Arthropods, Division of Plant Industry, P.O. Box 147100, Gainesville, FL 32614-7100 USA, email: [email protected] KEY WORDS: introduced, synanthropic The jumping spider family (Salticidae) contains more than 500 described genera and over 5,000 described species, which represents about 13% of global Araneae diversity (Platnick, 2012). Jumping spiders are small, diurnal predators which catch their prey mainly by stalking (Foelix, 1996). The salticid fauna of Chile is relatively poor in species. A total of 21 species distributed in eight genera has been reported: Admesturius, Atomosphyrus, Dendryphantes, Euophrys, Hurius, Thiodina, Trydarssus and Tullgrenella (Richardson, 2010). Aguilera & Casanueva (2005) suggest the possible presence of cosmopolitan species which have not been reported. However, these studies have considered primarily the south of the country, and there is little knowledge of the salticid fauna of northern Chile. The genus Menemerus Simon, 1868 is represented by 70 species described worldwide (Platnick, 2012). The spiders of this genus are of moderate size, ranging from 4 to 10 mm, flat-bodied and hairy, with white bands on the side margins of the carapace (Wesolowska, 1999). One of these species is M. semilimbatus (Hahn, 1827), a Mediterranean species widely distributed in Europe (Morano, 2000) and Africa (Wesolowska, 1999). -
Crapemyrtle Bark Scale Acanthococcus Lagerstroemiae Kuwana (Hemiptera: Eriococcidae): Analysis of Factors Influencing Infestation and Control
CRAPEMYRTLE BARK SCALE ACANTHOCOCCUS LAGERSTROEMIAE KUWANA (HEMIPTERA: ERIOCOCCIDAE): ANALYSIS OF FACTORS INFLUENCING INFESTATION AND CONTROL A Thesis by KYLE ANDREW GILDER Submitted to the Office of Graduate and Professional Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Chair of Committee, Kevin M. Heinz Co-Chair of Committee, Mengmeng Gu Committee Members, Mike Merchant Head of Department, Phillip Kaufman December 2020 Major Subject: Entomology Copyright 2020 Kyle Andrew Gilder ABSTRACT Crapemyrtle bark scale, Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae (Kuwana), a new non-native pest from Asia first discovered in the U.S. in 2004 has now been reported in 14 states. The scale jeopardizes the future of crapemyrtles use as a popular ornamental landscape tree in the U.S. Management of this pest will likely include biological strategies. Before such strategies can be implemented it is important to examine relative abundances and distributions of arthropod species associated with the scale in the geographic area targeted for biological control. In the first objective, surveys of crapemyrtle ecology from two varietal groups of crapemyrtle trees (Lagerstroemia spp.) were undertaken in Tarrant and Brazos counties across six consecutive seasons in 2018 – 2019. A rich arthropod community was discovered. The most common predators were spiders, coccinellids, and chrysopids. Insects in the families Eriococcidae, Aphididae, and Thripidae were common herbivores on Lagerstroemia spp. Numerous phytophagous and mycophagous mites were also collected. These herbivores constitute a reservoir of alternative prey for generalist predators that may also feed on A. lagerstroemiae. A food web was constructed to illustrate direct and indirect effects of the predator community on A.