Initial Environmental Examination Kazakhstan: CAREC Corridors 1

Initial Environmental Examination

Project Number: 48424-002 February 2021

Kazakhstan: CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Aktobe–Makat) Reconstruction Project

Prepared by the Dongsung Engineering Co., Ltd. in association with subconsultant Zhol- Sapa LLP for the Ministry of Investments and Development, Republic of Kazakhstan and the Asian Development Bank.

This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section on ADB’s website.

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status or any territory or area. CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

Initial Environmental Examination

Final draft – February 2021

KAZ: CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Construction of Dossor Bypass Way, Makat district of Atyrau region Dossor Bypass Way construction project under the CAREC Program Initial Environmental Examination

Content

Content ...... 2 Acronyms and abbreviations ...... 7 Executive summary ...... 9 1. Introduction ...... 9 2. Project background ...... 9 3. Project description ...... 9 4. Alternatives ...... 11 5. Description of the environment ...... 11 6. Identification of impact factors ...... 13 7. Mitigation measures and management activities ...... 15 8. Monitoring activities ...... 18 9. Consultations ...... 19 10 Conclusions ...... 19 A. Introduction ...... 20 A.1 Porpose of the IEE report ...... 20 A.2 Project category ...... 20 A.3 Project identification and Project proponent ...... 20 A.4 The nature, size, location and importance of the project ...... 20 A.5 IEE boundaries ...... 21 A.6 Methodology applied ...... 21 A.7 Report structure ...... 21 B. Project description ...... 23 B.1 Type and category of the project ...... 23 B.2 Project location ...... 23 B.3 Need for the project ...... 24 B.3.1 Project road ...... 25 B.4 Road design ...... 26 B.4.1 Road standards ...... 26 B.4.2 Cross section ...... 27 B.4.3 Roadbed and Pavement ...... 27 B.4.4 Intersection and Junction ...... 29 B.4.5 Artificial structures/Culverts ...... 31 B.4.6 Utilities/Off-site lighting ...... 31 B.4.7 Road furniture and Traffic safety ...... 31 B.4.8 Rest areas and bus stops ...... 32 B.5 Work scope ...... 32 B.5.1 Project phases ...... 32 B.5.2 Preparation works ...... 32 B.5.3 Artificial structures/Culverts construction ...... 33 B.5.4 Earthworks ...... 33 B.5.5 Road pavement ...... 34 B.5.6 Road furniture ...... 34 B.5.7 Finishing works and rehabilitation of disturbed land ...... 34 B.5.8 Construction equipment ...... 34 B.5.9 Personnel ...... 35 B.6 Material sources and Construction facilities ...... 35 B.6.1 Borrow pits and quarries ...... 35

2 Dossor Bypass Way construction project under the CAREC Program Initial Environmental Examination

B.6.2 Asphalt batching ...... 37 B.6.3 Construction and drinking water ...... 37 B.6.4 Construction camps and storage areas ...... 37 C. Alternatives ...... 38 C.1 General ...... 38 C.2 "No action" alternative ...... 38 C.3 Alternative road corridors ...... 38 C.4 Alternative alignments ...... 38 C.5 Alternative transport modes ...... 39 C.6 Alternative construction camps and storage areas...... 39 D. Environmental laws, standards and regulations ...... 40 D.1 General ...... 40 D.2 Country policies and administrative framework ...... 40 D.2.1 Overall legal framework ...... 40 D.2.2 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) ...... 40 D.2.3 Administrative framework ...... 41 D.3 Other legislation, standards and regulations ...... 44 D.3.1 Air quality ...... 44 D.3.2 Water quality...... 47 D.3.3 Soils ...... 51 D.3.4 Noise ...... 51 D.3.5 Vibration ...... 52 D.3.6 Heath and Safety ...... 53 D.3.7 Cultural heritage ...... 53 D.3.9 Waste ...... 54 D.3.9 International conventions and treaties ...... 57 D.4 ADB safeguard policies ...... 58 E. Description of the Environment ...... 62 E.1 Physical resources ...... 62 E.1.1 Topography and Geology ...... 62 E.1.2 Soils ...... 63 E.1.3 Hydrology ...... 64 E.1.4 Seismicity ...... 66 E.1.5 Air quality ...... 66 E.1.6 Climate ...... 68 E.2 Environmental resources ...... 70 E.2.1 Flora ...... 70 E.2.2 Fauna ...... 71 E.2.3 Protected areas and IBA ...... 71 E.3 Economic development ...... 72 E.3.1 Industries and Agriculture ...... 72 E.3.2 Infrastructure and transport ...... 73 E.3.3 Land use ...... 73 E.4 Social and Cultural resources ...... 74 E.4.1 Population and communities ...... 74 E.4.2 Health and education facilities ...... 74 E.4.3 Socio-economic conditions ...... 74 E.4.4 Physical and cultural resources ...... 76 F. Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures ...... 77

3 Dossor Bypass Way construction project under the CAREC Program Initial Environmental Examination

F.1 Introduction ...... 77 F.2 Impact phases ...... 78 F.3 Types of impacts ...... 78 F.4 Mitigation issues...... 79 F.5 Summary of impacts ...... 79 F.6 Physical resources ...... 81 F.6.1 Air quality ...... 81 F.6.2 Climate change ...... 83 F.6.3 Soils ...... 85 F.6.4 Hydrology ...... 87 F.6.5 Natural hazards ...... 90 F.7 Environmental resources ...... 91 F.7.1 Biological diversity/Flora ...... 91 F.7.2 Biological diversity/Fauna ...... 92 F.7.3 Forests and Protected areas ...... 94 F.8 Economic development ...... 95 F.8.1 Transport facilities and Utilities ...... 95 F.8.2 Land use ...... 96 F.8.3 Waste management ...... 97 F.8.4 Construction camps, Asphalt plants, Batching plants and Temporary storage areas ...... 100 F.9 Social and Cultural aspects ...... 105 F.9.1 Employment creation, Skills enhancement and Local business opportunities ...... 105 F.9.2 Public Health and Safety ...... 106 F.9.3 Workers' Rights, Occupational Health and Safety ...... 107 F.9.4 Emergency response planning ...... 110 F.9.5 Physical and cultural resouces ...... 110 F.9.6 Vibration ...... 111 F.9.7 Noise ...... 113 F.10 Cumulative impacts ...... 118 F.11 Compliance impacts ...... 118 G. Environmental Management Plans and Institutional Requirements …………………………………………………………………………………… 119 G.1 Introduction ...... 119 G.2 Environmental Management Plan ...... 119 G.3 Instrumental Monitoring Plan ...... 119 G.4 EMP costs ...... 141 G.5 Specific EMP (SEMP)...... 143 G.6 Contractor requirements ...... 143 G.7 Engineer requirements ...... 144 G.8 EMP implementation summary ...... 145 H. Public consultation, Information disclosure and Grievance redress mechanism ...... 147 H.1 Public consultations ...... 147 H.1.1 Summary of consultations ...... 147 H.2 Information disclosure planning ...... 149 H.3 Grievance redress mechanism ...... 149 H.3.1 Grievance redress levels and procedures ...... 149

Dossor Bypass Way construction project under the CAREC Program Initial Environmental Examination

H.3.2 Grievance focal points ...... 151 H.3.3 Communciation ...... 153 H.3.4 Disclosure of the Grievance process ...... 154 I. Conclusions and Recommendations ...... 155 I.1 Conclusions ...... 155 I.2 Recommendations ...... 155

Pictures

Picture 1: Road location map ...... 10 Picture 2: Project road location map ...... 23 Picture 3: Location map of project road within the context of RK...... 24 Picture 4: Traffic forecasts for 2015 – 2035 ...... 26 Picture 5: Drawing of cross section for Category 2 road ...... 30 Picture 6: Construction camp of Lot 7 ...... 37 Picture 7: Topography of Kazakhstan ...... 63 Picture 8: Distance from the project site to surface water ...... 65 Picture 9: Main river basins of Kazakhstan ...... 65 Picture 10: Protected areas of Kazakhstan ...... 72 Picture 11: Baibakty Ata Mausoleum ...... 77 Picture 12: Construction noise ...... 116

Tables Table 1: Technical standards of category II road ...... 26 Table 2: Key equipment ...... 35 Table 3: Potential borrow pit locations ...... 36 Table 4: Air quality legislation ...... 44 Table 5: Air quality standards in Kazakhstan ...... 46 Table 6: WHO / EU ambient air quality standards...... 47 Table 7: Water quality legislation ...... 48 Table 8: List of pollutants and maximum permissble concentration (MPC) polluting the surface waters of Kazakhstan ...... 49 Table 9: Soil quality standards in Kazakhstan ...... 51 Table 10: IFC noise level guidelines ...... 52 Table 11: IFC work environment noise limits ...... 52 Table 12: Effect of vibration on structures ...... 53 Table 13: International conventions and treaties ...... 57 Table 14: Maximum concentrations of pollutants in Kulsary town ...... 67 Table 15: Baseline air quality monitoring results ...... 67 Table 16: Monthly and yearly average air temperature (according to Atyrau weather station) ...... 68 Table 17: The highest air t C0 ...... 68 Table 18: The lowest air t C0 ...... 69 Table 19: Average annual precipitation...... 69 Table 20: Frost-free period duration ...... 69 Table 21: Frequency of wind directions and calm (%) ...... 69 Table 22: Summary impact table ...... 80 Table 23: Standards for generation and disposal of waste ...... 99

Dossor Bypass Way construction project under the CAREC Program Initial Environmental Examination

Table 24: Criteria for structural damage due to vibration ...... 111 Table 25: Approximate vibration levels at various sources ...... 112 Table 26: Typical noise levels from construction equipment ...... 114 Table 27: Predicted noise level from construction equipment (dBA) ...... 115 Table 28: Environmental Management Plan - Detailed Design / Pre-construction Phase ...... 120 Table 29: Environmental Management Plan - Construction Phase ...... 123 Table 30: Environmental Management Plan - Opreational Phase ...... 140 Table 31: Pre-construction / Construction Phase Instrumental Monitoring ...... 140 Table 32: EMP costs ...... 141 Table 33: Construction Phase Instrumental Monitoring Costs ...... 142 Table 34: EMP implementation ...... 145 Table 35: Public consultation in Dossor village (October 2019) ...... 147 Table 36: Grievance registration form ...... 152

Appendices

Appendix A Project presentation Appendix B Environmental conditions Appendix C Seismic hazard map Appendix D Emission sources location map Appendix E Confirmation of cultural heritage absence Appendix F Noise level calculation for the operational phase Appendix G Confirmation of the protected area absence Appendix H Chance find procedure Appendix I Advertisement about the public consultation Appendix J Public consultation’s minutes and list of participants Appendix K Air quality baseline monitoring report

Dossor Bypass Way construction project under the CAREC Program Initial Environmental Examination

Acronyms and abbreviations

AADT Annual average daily traffic AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials AM Accountability Mechanism ADB Asian Development Bank AQMP Air Quality Management Plan BPAP Borrow Pit Action Plan BoQ Bill of Quantities BOD Biological Oxygen Demand CAREC Central Asian Regional Economic Cooperation CFC Chlorofluorocarbon CIS Commonwealth of Independent States CO Carbon monoxide COD Chemical Oxygen Demand CO2 Carbon Dioxide Cr Chromium dBA Decibel DD Detailed Design EA Executive Agency EC Electrical Conductivity ED Environmental Department EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EHS Environment Health and Safety EMP Environmental Management Plan EM Environment Manager ERP Emergency Response Plan ES Executive Summary ЕU European Union FE Ferrum FS Feasibility study GDP Green Domestic Product GG Greenhouse Gases GRK Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan GOST Technical Standard GRM Grievance Redress Mechanism GRC Grievance Redress Committee Ha Hectare HS Health and Safety HC Hydrocarbon IBA Important Bird Area IFC International Finance Corporation IFI International Finance Institutions IEE Initial Environmental Examination in/sec Inch per second (25.4 mm/sec) IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature Km Kilometer km/h Kilometers per hour km2 Square kilometer LARP Land Acquisition and Resettlement Plan LC Least Concern LCF Local Consulting Firm Leaq Equivalent Continuous Sound Level mg/l Milligram per liter mg/m3 Milligram per cubic meter mg/kg Milligram per kilogram m Meter m2 Square meter m3 Cubic meter

Dossor Bypass Way construction project under the CAREC Program Initial Environmental Examination

m3/s Cubic meter per second MAC Maximum Allowable Concentrations MPE Maximum Permissible Emission MPC Maximum Permissible Concentrations MPD Maximum Permissible Discharges MSDS Material Safety Data Sheet MtCO2e Million tons of CO2 equivalent ESS Environmental Safeguards Specialist NGO Non-governmental organization NH4+ Ammonium Nm3 Normal cubic meter NOX Nitrogen oxide NO2 Nitrogen dioxide NO3 Nitrate Ni Nickel NT Near Threatened OHS Occupational Health and Safety NPEIA National Procedures of EIA PAP Project Affected Person PAH Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons PCR Physical and cultural resources PPV Peak Particle Velocity Pb Lead PM Particulate matter POP Persistent organic pollutants PMB Project Management Body PPE Personal Protective Equipment PPTA Project Preparatory Technical Assistance PPM Parts per million SPM Suspended Particulate Matter RoW Right-of-way SNiP Construction standards STD Sexually Transmitted Diseases (such as HIV/AIDS) SEMP Specific Environment Management Plan SO2 Sulfur Dioxide SPS Safeguard Policy Statement TMP Traffic Management Plan ToR Terms of Reference TSP Total Suspended Particulates TSS Total Suspended Solids USD United States dollar WBG World Bank Group WHO World Health Organization WMP Waste Management Plan °C Degrees Celsius mcg/m3 Micrograms per cubic meter

Currency exchange rate as of July 01, 2020 1 US$ = 403 KZT ($ refers to US dollar in this report)

Dossor Bypass Way construction project under the CAREC Program Initial Environmental Examination

Executive summary

1. Introduction

1. This initial environmental examination (IEE) is part of the process ensuring compliance with the ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (2009) related to “Construction of Dossor Bypass Way, Makat district of Atyrau region” under the CAREC Programme or simply – the “Project”. 2. The IEE provides a roadmap for environmental safeguards necessary to prevent and/or mitigate negative environmental impacts associated with the project. In particular, the IEE:  describes the existing social and environmental conditions within the project area;  describes the project design, construction activities and technological parameters;  describes volume, duration and severity of potential impacts;  analyses all significant impacts; and  formulates the mitigation measures and presents it in the form of an Environmental Management Plan (EMP). 3. Based on the existing ADB Environmental Safeguards Policy (2009), this Project falls under the ADB’s project category B, as the environmental impacts of the proposed project are site-specific, few of them are irreversible, and in most cases it is easier to develop mitigation measures than for category A projects. 2. Project background

4. The design road is classified as a republic importance road, as a road through which carry out important interstate transport link and big volume of heavy traffic and transit flow on the road A-27 “Aktobe-Atyrau-border of the RF to Astrakhan” and the road A-33 “Dossor-Kulsary-Beineu-Saiutes-Shetpe-Zhetybay-port Aktau”. 5. The necessity of road reconstruction is related to the fact that there is a high intensity of the traffic flow by heavy trucks in this section of the international road route between roads A-27 and A-33, passing through Dossor and Kulsary villages, and the road parameters do not meet the modern traffic safety requirements. 6. Beside benefits of regional trade and transit traffic, improving the quality of this road will also increase access to social services for the local community, and stimulate the development of non-oil industry, that in return will create more job opportunities and improve the living condition in the regions. 3. Project description

7. This project provides the construction of Dossor bypass way, Makat district of Atyrau region with a length 5.5 km. Construction type - new. Construction time - 10 months 2021-2022 Administratively, the projected road runs at a distance of more than 1000 m (in the eastern, north-eastern and northern direction) from Dossor village, which is located on the territory of Makat district of Atyrau region of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Dossor village is located on 95 km to the north-east from the regional center of Atyrau. The location map of the projected road is shown in the Picture 1.

Dossor Bypass Way construction project under the CAREC Program Initial Environmental Examination

Picture 1: Road location map

8. The projected road will be constructed as a bypass road, with jointing of the beginning and end of road to the existing roads. The beginning of the projected road PK 0+00, which is PK 3862+77,41 of road А-27 "Aktobe - Atyrau - border of the RF to Astrakhan" and the end of the road PK 55+16,83 which is PK 7992+00.43 of “Dossor- Kulsary-Beineu-Saiutes-Shetpe-Zhetybay-port Aktau”, pass through the territory of Makat district of Atyrau region. According to the project, the road being constructed belongs to the II technical category with hard heavy-duty asphalt concrete pavement and has a length of 5516.83 m, also there is access road to the base camp of "DANK" LLP with a length 50.0 m. 9. The project provides: the road axis has 4 turn angles. There will be a cattle pass at PK 9+03.00 made by precast concrete box culvert 4.0 m x 2.5 m for passing animals. There will be devices for underground crossing of communication lines at PK 0+55,60 and PK 1+27,00 according to technical specifications of the operating organizations of these communication lines. Also there will be culverts made by precast concrete with a diameter 1.50 m at the intersections with salt-affected areas, total number is 8. Sulfate- resistant monolithic concrete is used for precast concrete culverts construction.

Dossor Bypass Way construction project under the CAREC Program Initial Environmental Examination

4. Alternatives

10. As part of the IEE, several alternatives have been assessed, including: 11. “No Action” alternative – in this case it is defined as a decision not to accept the proposed road construction project. In case of long term, increased traffic on the existing road along the village will lead to deterioration of air quality, increased noise impacts, etc. which will have negative economic consequences. Generally, the quality of environmental and social conditions will deteriorate along the existing road. Also this alternative was rejected based on that satisfactory road connection is the basis for economic development and poverty reduction. Therefore, the “no action” alternative is considered counterproductive for these purposes. 12. Alternative alignments – the alternative related to the road construction on the previously unaffected areas was dictated by the need to create a bypass road, taking into account the shortest road in order to connect the republic importance roads “Atyrau- Aktobe” and “Kulsary-Dossor”. The assessment of land plots shows that the chosen road direction through the new lands will allow to exclude the passing of heavy and transit transport through the villages and reduce the negative impact on the external and social environment. It will lead to:  reduce the congestion on village roads;  reduce the quality deterioration of village roads;  reduce air pollution by transit vehicles;  reduce noise pollution;  reduce travel time due to improved road conditions. At the same time, possible negative environmental impacts can be effectively mitigated and/or eliminated by a specially designed measures during construction and operation of the facility. On the contrary, laying the road on the existing roadbed will not allow to realize the abovementioned tasks. In this regard, the chosen design decisions seem reasonable and justified. 13. Alternative transport modes – the project bypass way runs alongside an existing rail line, which connects Aktau and Atyrau with Aktobe and other areas of Kazakhstan. This railway, although mostly single track, is capable of handling large freight and passenger trains, and is being upgraded constantly. However, the railway is considered necessary as part of a mix of transport modes, with rail promoted as the preferred mode for longer distance, containerized and bulk commodities, as this represents the most environmental and efficient mode of transport. On the other hand, the project road is promoted for the local movement of people and goods within the region. Accordingly, the railway is not considered an alternative to the project but as an additional component of the country wide transport network.

5. Description of the environment

14. The climate is strongly continental, arid. Summer is dry, long and hot. Winter is snowless, cold, lasting 4 months. Average temperature in the coldest period (January) is -8.1°C. The lowest temperature is -38°C. Average temperature of the coldest five-day period with reliability of 0.98 is -28°C; with reliability of is 0.92 is -25°C. Summer is dry and hot. The highest temperatures are in June-August. Average temperature in the hottest period is +32.1°C. The highest temperature is +43°C. Autumn and spring are short, often dry. Average height of snowfall during winter is 10-11 cm. Maximum height

Dossor Bypass Way construction project under the CAREC Program Initial Environmental Examination is 33 cm. The minimum height is 0.3 cm. Average depth of soil freezing: for sand - 1.50 m. for loam - 1.30 m. 15. Geomorphological features of the area: The site of the existing road runs along the territory of the Caspian lowland - along the surface of the ancient relief formed during the long history of geological development. Geomorphologically, the project area is a weakly undulating, rarely undulating accumulative plain. Lithologically, marine quaternary formations are represented by sand, clay and sand sediments and clay. Alluvial deposits are represented by a variety of sands, sandy loams. loams, clays and gravel. 16. Physical and geological processes. The main physical and geological processes that have formed the modern appearance of the work area are deflationary and accumulative processes. Deflationary processes are caused by wind and are mainly observed within the areas composed of aeolian sands. Dry climate, mainly sandy deposits create favorable conditions for sandy material spreading or re-deposition. Secondary salinization is developed in areas of ground water discharge to lower parts of the relief. 17. Hydrology: There are no surface water sources on the territory of the planned works. Temporary watercourses occur only during heavy rainfall or heavy snowmelt. The distance from the project site to the Sagiz River is 40.5 km. The distance to the Caspian Sea is over 60 km. Ground waters are available at depths of 1.3-2.5 m. The water is salty. 18. State of soil and vegetation cover. In terms of soil and geography, the study area belongs to the northern desert subzone, where zonal soil type is brown desert soil. However as the territory is young, close to a surface of the mineralized ground waters and multilateral influence rendered on soil formation process by the Caspian Sea, poorly formed saline soils of the hydromorphic series have become predominant here. 19. Radiation situation. The analysis of radiation situation is given for Atyrau region according to the data of the Newsletter About the Environment of the Republic of Kazakhstan for the 1st half of 2019. Monitoring of gamma radiation level was carried out every day at 3 meteorological stations (Atyrau, Peshnoi, Kulsary) and 1 automatic post Kulsary (Kulsary No.7). Average values of the radiation gamma background of the surface layer of atmosphere in the villages of the region were within 0.08-0.26 µSv/h. On average, the radiation gamma background was 0.11 µSv/h in the region and it was within permissible limits. 20. Flora. The vegetation cover of northern deserts is dominated by wormwood community, in particular: - Artemisia lerchiana and A. semiarida dominate on loamy and sandy loamy slightly saline brown soils; - A. Pauciflora - on saline soils. The saline vegetation is dominated by species of saline habitats: kokpek, sea lavender, sea blite, camphorosma, biyurgun, ostets and others. The vegetation of the described area is represented mainly by pelitophytic of the Caspian biyurgun (Anabasis salsa) and wormwood (Artemisia lerchiana) phytocoenosis, in some places blackwood (Artemisia pauciflora) and annual saltwort (Climacoptera brachiata, Salsola foliosa) communities. 21. According to the field surveys and confirmation letter from Republican State Enterprise “Atyrau regional territorial inspection of forestry and wildlife of the Committee of forestry and wildlife of the Ministry of Environment, Geology and Natural resources of the RK”, there are no migration routes of wild animals, especially endangered species of plants and animals listed in the Red Book of Kazakhstan within the project area. 22. There is Fauna of the steppe and desert zone. Among mammals the most common rodents are gophers, hamsters, voles, hares and jerboa. Many turtles, lizards, snakes, spiders. Among birds nest eagles, harrier, kestrel, larks, sparrow, wild partridge. The main background species is a large gerbil. Insectivores, family of hedgehogs is

Dossor Bypass Way construction project under the CAREC Program Initial Environmental Examination represented by the eared hedgehogs. In small number, there is another representative of insectivores is small white-toothed shrew, family of shrews. Bats, family of bats is represented by the whiskered bat. Rodents, family of jerboa is represented by jerboa, thick-tailed three-toed jerboa and grey hamsters. There may be a four-lined snake, water snake on the surrounding area.

23. Area seismicity is 62 points according to SP RK 2.03-30-2017. 24. There are no specially protected natural areas (SPNA) near to the project road. 25. There are no cemeteries, mosques or other cultural heritages within the project corridor. 6. Identification of impact factors

26. In general, the environment condition along the alignment does not cause any concern that it may be damaged by the proposed project activities. The area adjacent to the road is semi-desert, desert and steppe with very rare vegetation due to the high salt content and insufficient rainfall. In addition, there are no significant archaeological or historical areas within the right-of-way. Accordingly, the IEE established that there were no significant environmental issues that could not be either prevented or adequately mitigated to levels acceptable Kazakhstan and international standards. A complete EMP has been prepared with tables listing mitigation measures and monitoring actions to be undertaken during the feasibility / design, construction and operating period of the project. The following provides a summary of the potential impacts associated with the construction of Dossor bypass way:

Design phase / pre-construction phase

27. Air quality - Carelessness in choosing areas for construction camps, crusher plants, concrete batching plants during the pre-construction phase may have a significant impact on air quality during construction, which does not particularly affect social facilities. 28. Soil – Soil erosion may occur at embankments and around construction structures if this issue is not paid due attention during the design phase. 29. Hydrology - During the design phase, all drainage works have been designed based on historical flood data and flood forecasting. A design discharge of 50 years return period is considered for culverts, so failure of structure is not expected. 30. Climate change - A recent study of climate change impacts in the Aktobe - Makat EIA (2015)* identified changes in temperature and precipitation as potential issues related to future climate change. These issues could lead to deterioration of road pavement quality and damage to drainage structures if they are not taken into account during developing a detailed design.

* https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/project-documents/48424/48424-002-emr- ru_1.pdf

Construction phase

31. Air quality - During the road construction, air quality is likely to be degraded by a range of operational activities including exhaust emissions from the construction machinery; open burning of waste materials; and dust generated from haul roads, borrow

Dossor Bypass Way construction project under the CAREC Program Initial Environmental Examination pits, exposed soils, material stock-piles and etc. It may impact on the health of local people, and on the environment. 32. Soil – During the construction phase, potential soil contamination is possible due to poorly managed fuels, oils and other hazardous liquids used during the project works. It is possible, that without adequate protection measures soil erosion could occur on road embankments. 33. Surface water – There is no impact on surface water sources as Sagiz river is 40 km far from the project road. 34. Water use – The road construction phase will require a significant quantity of construction and drinking water. Uncontrolled use of water sources may impact on the existing water users by exhausting their supplies. 35. Ground water – Negative impacts on ground water include disposal and spills of hazardous liquids used on the construction sites and construction camps. Poor management of road and structures construction can also have negative impact such as contamination. 36. Biological diversity – There is no special status flora or fauna on the area. 37. Protected areas – There are no protected areas or important bird areas within the work area or vicinity of it. 38. Infrastructure – Activities within the villages on the project territory consist the construction of junctions to roads A-27 “Aktobe-Atyrau-border of the RF to Astrakhan” and A-33 “Dossor-Kulsary-Beineu-Saiutes-Shetpe-Zhetybay-port Aktau” at the beginning and end of route; the junctions will be constructed on the one level, which will not have significant impact. 39. Utilities – Medium and low voltage power lines, water and gas pipes are located within the project corridor. It is possible to temporary dismantle these utilities during construction. 40. Waste – During the road construction it is inevitable generate solid and liquid waste, including inert waste (ex. concrete, wood, plastic and etc.) and hazardous waste (ex. waste oils, batteries and etc.). In addition, uncontrolled discharges of sewage and ‘grey water’ (e.g. from washrooms and canteens) from construction sites and construction camps may also cause odor and pollute local water resources. 41. Construction camps – Construction camps constitute a temporary land use change and raise issues related to activities, for example impact on air quality, poor sanitation arrangement and improper methods used for disposal of solid wastes and effluent; and transmission of communicable diseases by the construction workers due to inappropriate health monitoring facilities. 42. Public health and safety – Construction activities can cause traffic accidents involving vehicles, pedestrians and livestock. Also short-term noise impact and air quality impact are expected, which may have impact on human health. Migrant workers can also lead to the increased risk to human health and safety, for example a spread of sexually transmitted disease. COVID-19 health risks for both personnel and the public also need to be considered at design level and included in appropriate plans during the construction phase. 43. Health and safety – The rights of workers, including health and safety, must be taken into account to avoid accidents and incidents, loss of man-hours, labour abuses and to ensure fair treatment, remuneration and adequate working and living conditions. 44. Physical and cultural resources – During the preparation of IEE by the CSC’s environmental specialist, during the site visit and visual inspection (June 2020). no

Dossor Bypass Way construction project under the CAREC Program Initial Environmental Examination cemeteries, monuments and mosques were found within the project corridor. Given the rich cultural heritage of Kazakhstan, it is possible that discoveries of physical and cultural resources could occur during the earthworks process. According to the conclusion of the archaeological expertise of "Archaeological Expedition" LLP dated July 10, 2019 No.AEC-168, no objects of historical and cultural heritage were found within the territory of the bypass road construction. 45. Noise – during the construction process, the sources of noise are construction machinery and vehicles which can adversely affect on the heath of people/workers directly involved on the work activities, also on flora and fauna. Impact on social facilities is excluded, due to the distance. 46. Vibration – The construction activities may also cause vibrations. Vibration impacts include annoyance, sleep disturbance and the risk of structures damage. Given the fact that the project road passes through uninhabited areas, the potential impact of vibrations during construction on people and property is excluded.

Operational phase

47. Air quality – The main source of air pollution during the operational phase will be vehicles moving on the road. The main pollutants are: CO, NOx, hydrocarbons (HC), SO2, carbon dioxide (CO2) and particulate matter (PM). Taking into account the relatively low population levels within project corridor, it is unlikely that increased traffic volumes will have significant impacts to residents health in terms of NOx, CO and PAH pollution. In addition, once the project completed, current high levels of PM in areas where the road condition is poor will be substantially reduced. Improved vehicle performance on a new better road surface will also serve to alleviate potential air pollution levels to a modest degree. 48. Health and safety - The road construction will result in a number of positive impacts on the health and safety, including reducing dust development, reducing the congestion on village roads and traffic safety risks, reducing the quality deterioration of village roads, reducing air pollution by transit vehicles, reducing noise, reducing travel time due to improved road conditions. 49. Induced impact - It is possible that the construction of a new road will stimulate some development along the corridor, however, land use planning and permitting procedures for new businesses are very mediocre in relation to this project.

7. Mitigation measures and management activities

50. Summary of mitigation measures and management activities for the above potential road-related impacts include the following:

Design phase / pre-construction phase

51. Specific Environmental Management Plan (SEMP) – The SEMP shall describe the precise location of the required mitigation / monitoring, the persons responsible for the mitigation / monitoring, the schedule and reporting methodology. The SSEMP shall contain the following plans: (i) Topic specific plans: (a) Waste management plan. (b) Traffic management plan. (c) Health and safety plan with COVID-19 prevention measures. (d) Emergency response plan.

Dossor Bypass Way construction project under the CAREC Program Initial Environmental Examination

(e) Air quality management plan. (f) Spill management plan. (g) Vibration management plan. (h) Noise management plan. (ii) Site specific plan: (a) Construction camp plan.

52. The SEMP will be submitted to the Engineer and “KazAutoZhol” for approval at least 30 days before taking possession of any work site. No access to the site will be allowed until the SEMP is approved by the Engineer and “KazAutoZhol”. During the construction phase, the contractor may also be required to prepare new topic specific plans or site specific plans. These new plans are required to be approved by the Engineer and “KazAutoZhol”.

53. The Contractor is responsible for obtaining all necessary permits prior to the construction. The Engineer reviews all permits prior to the construction activities. 54. Facility location – Locations for crusher plant and concrete batching plants shall require approval from the Engineer and “KazAutoZHol” during the pre-construction phase. Efforts should be made to ensure that these facilities are as near to the project road as practical to avoid unnecessary journeys and potential dust issues from vehicle movements on the soil roads within city during construction works. Transport route scheme will be prepared and submitted to the Engineer with the Traffic management plan (TMP). In order to avoid impacts by the asphalt plant, construction camp, concrete batching plant and crusher plant, they shall not be located within one kilometer from any urban area or social facility (schools, hospitals and etc.). 55. Air quality – To adequately manage air quality impacts, the Contractor shall be responsible for the preparation of an Air quality management plan and Emergency response plan, Health and Safety plan and Traffic management plan as part of the SSEMP. In order to avoid impacts by the asphalt plant, construction camp, concrete batching plant and crusher plant, they shall not be located within one kilometer from any urban area or social facility (schools, hospitals and etc.). 56. Soil – The Contractor will be responsible for preparation of a Spill management plan which will cover measures to eliminate accidental spills and hazardous liquids spills on all construction camps and sites, also measures for handling contaminated soil. 57. Water use – The Contractor is required to obtain all necessary permits for the construction and drinking water use. 58. Drainage design – During the design phase, all drainage works have been designed based on historical flood data and flood forecasting. A design discharge of 50 years return period is considered for culverts. 59. Biological diversity – The main factors affecting flora and fauna during the implementation of design decision include the following which operating in limited areas: • mechanical impact during the construction and road activities; • chemical pollution of soil and flora. 60. Infrastructure – Prior to construction, the Engineer will conduct a road condition survey to measure road damage caused by heavy traffic. Before the project completion, the Engineer will conduct a second survey to identify roads that may require repair by the Contractor. The Contractor will also submit a Traffic Management Plan to local traffic authorities prior to mobilization and include the plan as part of his SSEMP 61. Waste management – The Contractor prepares and submits the Waste management plan which includes measures to control and manage all wastes, including

Dossor Bypass Way construction project under the CAREC Program Initial Environmental Examination hazardous waste, and waste recycling measures (including asphalt). The plan should clearly define where and how the waste will be disposed. 62. Emergency response – The Contractor will be responsible for preparation of an Emergency response plan which will cover sections related to: a) containment of hazardous materials b) oil and fuel spills c) fires, gas leaks and explosions d) work site accidents and e) earthquake and other natural disasters. 63. Loss of land and property – According to the conditions of the ADB’s loan, before the commencement of the construction works at any part of the project, the Employer must prepare the Land Acquisition and Resettlement Plan (LARP), obtain the approval of ADB and then implement the plan and acquire the land.

Construction phase

64. Air quality – Proper control, siting and maintenance of equipment, including concrete batching plant, shall mitigate emissions impacts. Spraying of roads with water during dry periods and covering of friable materials will also help prevent dust impacts. 65. Soil – Standard measures are provided within the EMP to reduce the impacts of potential spills and leaks. They include storing hazardous liquids in special storage areas within concrete bunds and the provision on spill kits in these areas. Erosion control measures and measures to preserve topsoil are also recommended within the EMP. For borrow pits requirements have been established in this IEE for due diligence reviews of existing borrow pits and preparation of Borrow Pit Action Plans for any new borrow pits. 66. Surface water/Ground water – There is no surface water. Adequate design, siting and maintenance of equipment, including construction camp and concrete batching plant, shall mitigate impacts on the quality of ground water. Accidental spills are possible and it is recommended that spill elimination measures be included in the EMP. 67. Biological diversity – There are no rare or endangered species requiring special protection on the territory. Trees and shrubs are not subject to take up / remove due to the bypass way construction, as there is no plant. Revegetation starts after construction activities are stopped. During work process, measures to prevent animal death, preserve habitat and breeding conditions shall be provided and executed. 68. Infrastructure – The Contractor will provide information regularly to the public about the scope and schedule of construction activities and expected disruptions and access restrictions, also allow for adequate traffic flow around construction areas through bypass road and temporary access road. 69. Utilities – During the construction, all utilities in the work area shall be kept operational, especially during the winter months. 70. Waste management – The Contractor will be responsible for proper storage and removal of waste from the site. Accordingly, he will prepare agreements with the waste management company who has the required licenses to dispose inert and hazardous waste for removal from the work area. As a evidence of transfer these wastes, the Contractor shall keep waste acceptance and transfer statement. 71. Asphalt plant, concrete batching plant and construction camp – The EMP draft provides the extensive mitigation and management measures for these facilities. All these measures are based on the international good practice. 72. Public health and safety – The Contractor will be responsible for the monthly meetings with the public living on the work area throughout the construction period. The monthly meetings will be held in Dossor village to discuss certain issues, such as noise

Dossor Bypass Way construction project under the CAREC Program Initial Environmental Examination level, dust level with the Contractor before making official complaint through grievance redress mechanism. 73. Health and safety – Health and safety plans, trainings, HIV/AIDS, COVID-19 management plan and transmissible disease awareness programs will be submitted by the Contractor. He will be also responsible for provision of proper personnel protective equipment for all employees, including subcontractors and work area visitors. If the ground water is used as the drinking water, weekly tests will be required to ensure that it meets drinking water standards of GRK. 74. Physical and cultural resources – According to the conclusion of the archaeological expertise of "Archaeological Expedition" LLP dated July 10, 2019 No.AEC-168, no objects of historical and cultural heritage were found within the territory of the bypass road construction. During the preparation of IEE by the CSC’s environmental specialist, during the site visit and visual inspection (June 2020). no cemeteries, monuments and mosques were found within the project corridor. Given the rich cultural heritage of Kazakhstan, it is possible that discoveries of physical and cultural resources could occur during the earthworks process. 75. Noise – The Contractor will be responsible for implementation of measures specified in this IEE and EMP to limit noise impact on workers during the construction works. 76. Vibration – At the time of construction phase, the Contractor shall strictly follow the Vibration management plan during construction, including vibration monitoring and using of alternative construction methods if the vibration level is unacceptable. 77. During the operational period, the predicted impact of noise and vibration from road traffic on residential areas and the population will be minimal, due to the distance of the projected road at a distance of more than 1000 m from the settlement (Dossor). 8. Monitoring activities

78. To ensure that all of the above mitigation activities are implemented according to the requirements of this IEE, monitoring of project activities will be undertaken by the Engineer (observational) and by the Contractor (instrumental), involving an independent accredited laboratory. Instrumental and observational monitoring will be carried out as follows: 79. Instrumental Monitoring – This shall be carried out by specialists of independent environmental company with an accredited laboratory and will include: regular, monthly sampling of air and soil to check their quality, noise and vibration level monitoring during the construction phase. 80. Schedules, parameters, locations /sampling points/ are indicated in the EMP. It is the Contractor’s responsibility to engage independent monitoring specialists for the construction phase. 81. Observational Monitoring – The activities of Contractor shall be monitored regularly by the Engineer throughout the construction phase. This will be carried out through weekly audits, inspections of road construction site, production base for compliance with requirements of IEE and EMP, EC RK jointly with the Contractor’s environmental specialist or independently. The Engineer will have the right to suspend works or payments if the Contractor is in violation of any of his obligations under the EMP and this IEE.

Dossor Bypass Way construction project under the CAREC Program Initial Environmental Examination

9. Consultations

82. All issues identified during the consultation have been included in the IEE section on impact assessment and, where necessary, mitigation measures have been proposed. Section H of the report provides information on the consultation procedures and the main comments received. 83. The complaints resolution process was presented formally during the public consultations. The grievance redress mechanism will also be presented during routine community meetings in the project area during the construction phase of the project. 84. Grievance redress procedures aim to provide an effective and systematic mechanism for the project in responding to queries, feedbacks and complaints from affected persons, other key stakeholders and the public, more detail in the Section H.3. 10 Conclusions

85. The IEE established that there were no significant environmental issues that could not be either totally prevented or adequately mitigated to levels acceptable to the Kazakhstan and international standards for this project. 86. The EMP, its mitigation and monitoring programs, contained herewith shall be included within the Project Bidding documents. This ensures that all potential bidders are aware of the environmental requirements of the project and its associated environmental costs. 87. The Bid documents state that the Contractor shall be responsible for the implementation of the requirements of the EMP through his own Site Specific Environmental Management Plan (SSEMP) which will adopt all of the conditions of the EMP and add site specific elements that are not currently known. 88. The EMP and all its requirements will then be added to the Contractors Contract, thereby making implementation of the EMP a legal requirement according to the Contract. He shall then prepare his SSEMP which will be approved and monitored by the Engineer. Should the Engineer note any non-conformance with the SSEMP the Contractor can be held liable for breach of the contractual obligations of the EMP. To ensure compliance with the SSEMP the Contractor should employ environmental specialist to monitor and prepare a report on the project activities throughout the construction phase. 89. Also the Grievance redress mechanism (GRM) was prepared as part of the project. The GRM provides to stakeholders complaints making procedure and complaints responding mechanism at regional and central levels.

Dossor Bypass Way construction project under the CAREC Program Initial Environmental Examination

A. Introduction

A.1 Purpose of the IEE report

91. This initial environmental examination (IEE) is part of the process ensuring compliance with the ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (2009) related to “Construction of Dossor Bypass Way, Makat district of Atyrau region” under the CAREC Programme or simply – the “Project”. 92. The IEE provides a roadmap for environmental safeguards necessary to prevent and/or mitigate negative environmental impacts associated with the project. The IEE also provides a detailed description of the direct and indirect environmental effects associated with the proposed project during key periods of work. 93. In particular, the IEE: (i) describes the existing social and environmental conditions within the project area; (ii) describes the project design, construction activities and technological parameters; (iii) describes volume, duration and severity of potential impacts; (iv) analyses all significant impacts; and (v) formulates the mitigation measures and presents it in the form of an Environmental Management Plan (EMP). 94. The IEE is based on the results of the state EIA (NPEIA) prepared by KazAutoZhol in 2020 as part of the detailed project plan and approved as part of the State environmental expertise process.

A.2 Project category

95. Based on the existing ADB Environmental Safeguards Policy (2009), this Project falls under the ADB’s project category B, as the environmental impacts of the proposed project are site-specific, few of them are irreversible, and in most cases it is easier to develop mitigation measures than for category A projects.

A.3 Project identification and Project proponent

96. The project proponent is the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan (GRK) acting through its Ministry of Industry and Infrastructural Development (MIID). The executed agencies (EA) are the Committee for Roads (CfR) of this Ministry and “NC “KazAutoZhol” JSC. In this project “NC “KazAutoZhol” JSC Atyrau regional branch will be the regional representative of the Employer, and there is a team of Project management consultant (KazAutoZhol) in the main office. 97. The MIID has developed the Project within the framework of the Central Asian Regional Economic Cooperation (CAREC) Investment Program.

A.4 The nature, size, location and importance of the Project

98. The project activities, funded by the ADB, will be include the construction of Dossor bypass way, Makat district of Atyrau region, with a length 5.5 km. Construction time – 10 months, 2021-2022. 99. Administratively, the projected road runs at a distance of more than 1000 m (in the eastern, north-eastern and northern direction) from Dossor village, which is located

Dossor Bypass Way construction project under the CAREC Program Initial Environmental Examination on the territory of Makat district of Atyrau region of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Dossor village is located on 95 km to the north-east from the regional center of Atyrau (see Picture 1). The road is classified as a republic importance road, as a road through which carry out important interstate transport link and big volume of heavy traffic and transit flow on the roads “Aktobe-Atyrau” and “Kulsary-Dossor”. The proposed project will enhance regional cooperation and inclusive economic growth in Kazakhstan, particularly in the Atyrau and Aktobe regions and will improve quality and efficiency of road transport service. A.5 IEE boundaries

For purposes of establishing the environmental conditions, the overview of regional data is followed by the description at the project level if data is available. This IEE covers the entire length of the project road funded by the ADB (5.5 km). For purposes of this impact assessment, an envelope of 200 meters wide on each side of the project road over its entire length is identified as the primary impact area (“Project Area” or “Project Corridor”). This distance takes into account the common impacts associated with road works such as noise, dust and emissions. However, the project impact area maybe widened depending on conditions on the ground and with regard to specific construction sites outside of the right of way (RoW) – the project road RoW is 50 meters, e.g. borrow pits and quarries. The road sections where social facilities are present, such as schools, hospitals or other places where people congregate are given particular attention in order to develop larger measures to mitigate negative impacts. A.6 Metholodogy applied

100. The methodology is based on the ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (2009) and the joint experience of the International and national environmental consultants involved in the IEE. 101. Background data and information were obtained from published and unpublished sources, for example, climate, topography, geology and soils, natural resources, flora and fauna, agriculture and socio-economic data. In addition, background data were also obtained from the recently prepared EIA for the Working Design (RSE “State expertise” conclusion No.01-0165/20 dated 30.03.2020). 102. In October 2019, March and June 2020 several site inspections were conducted by the CSC’s environmental and social specialists, ADB’s representative jointly with Akimat and KazAutoZhol. The non-existent road territory was visited during which potential environmental significance assessed carefully. 103. Discussions were held with a number of stakeholders in order to determine their perceptions of the level of impact from road works (see Section H). Data and information obtained have been included where appropriate in the IEE Report. This also includes recommendations shown in the project NPEIA. A.7 Report structure

104. In accordance with the Safeguards Policy (2009), the report has the following structures: Section A: Introduction – This section presents introductory information.

Section B: Project description – The section B describes the need for the project and its environmental condition. Work scope is also provided indicating the required engineering works.

Dossor Bypass Way construction project under the CAREC Program Initial Environmental Examination

Section C: Alternative analysis – This section presents alternative analysis, including “project abandonment”.

Section D: - Legal, policy and administrative framework D.2 – This section presents an overview of the policy/legislative framework as well as the environmental assessment guidelines of Kazakhstan. - Methodology D.4 – This section of the report presents the methodology for the IEE including procedures for monitoring, survey, modeling and etc.

Section E: Environment description – This section of the report describes the main regional and local environmental conditions. This section is divided into subsections related to: (i) Physical environment: it contains geology, topography, soil, climate, air quality, noise level, surface water, ground water and etc. (ii) Biological environment: flora and fauna, protected areas. (iii) Human environment: demography, employment level and socioeconomic conditions, land use, infrastructure (including local access roads), cultural heritage, archaeology, waste management and etc.

Studies have been undertaken to fill uncompleted parts in available data and to collect more update information on issues and areas where significant adverse impacts are expected.

Section F: Environmental impacts and mitigation measures – The section F describes potential environmental impacts and proposes mitigation measures to manage the impacts.

Section G: Environmtental management plan – This section provides the EMP for the design, construction and operation phases of the project.

Section H: Public consultation, information disclosure and grievance redress mechanism – The section H provides a summary of all consultation activities carried out with stakeholders. This section also describes grievance redress mechanism and establishes mechanisms to eliminate remarks on environmental indicators.

Section I: Conclusions and recommendations – The final section of the report provides conclusions and recommendations, including description of other impacts.

Dossor Bypass Way construction project under the CAREC Program Initial Environmental Examination

B. Project description

B.1 Type and category of the project

105. This project is the construction of Dossor bypass way, Makat district of Atyrau region, with a length 5.5 km. Construction type – new. Construction time – 10 months, 2020-2021. 106. Based on the existing ADB Environmental Safeguards Policy (2009), this project falls under ADB’s project Category B. This category is defined as: “The proposed project is classified as Category B, if its potential adverse environmental impacts are less than category A projects. The impacts are site-specific, few of them are irreversible, and in most cases mitigation measures can be designed more readily than for category A projects. An initial environmental examination is required.”

B.2 Project location

107. Administratively, the projected road runs at a distance of more than 1000 m (in the eastern, north-eastern and northern direction) from Dossor village, which is located on the territory of Makat district of Atyrau region of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Dossor village is located on 95 km to the north-east from the regional center of Atyrau. Project road location map is shown in the Picture 2.

Dossor Bypass Way construction project under the CAREC Program Initial Environmental Examination

108. The Picture 3 provides location map of project road within the context of Kazakhstan.

Picture 3. Location of project road within the context of Kazakhstan B.3 Need for the project

109. Roads promote connectivity and mobility, which is a precondition for growth and development particularly for Kazakhstan the world's largest landlocked country with the population density among the lowest (at less than 6 people per square kilometer) while having the largest and strongest performing economy in Central Asia. The proposed Project will construct 5.5 km of road, for connecting road sections A-27 and A-33, which is a key part of the Western Kazakhstan Transport Corridor (WKTC). This will enhance regional in particular western Kazakhstan road connectivity and mobility, improve quality and efficiency of road transport service, and promote inclusive economic growth in the eastern part of the country. 110. With a land area (about 2.7million km2) larger than Western Europe, an estimated 18.28 million population (as of 2018) and abundant natural resources unevenly spatially distributed, the provision of adequate road transport infrastructure across the country is critical. Strategically, Kazakhstan has huge potential to link the fast growing markets of China and East Asia with Russia and Western Europe by road and rail, and through ports on the land-locked Caspian Sea. For example, the total volume of goods in transit through Kazakhstan in 2012 amounted to 17.8 million tons, income from which amounted to more than $1 billion. Long travel distances result in significant travel times and costs for accessing markets within the region and beyond. A World Bank study estimated that transport costs account for 8 - 11 % of the final cost of goods about double the cost in most industrialized countries. As such, the development of transport infrastructure coupled with sector efficiency improvement will perform a catalytic role for sustaining the social and economic development of the country. 111. Considering that the successful integration of Kazakhstan into the world economy relies on, among other investments, a well-developed transport system in the country, the government has, since 2007, been reconstructing and/or upgrading the 2,787 km Kazakhstan section of the Western Europe - Western China (WE-WC) international transit corridor (also known as the CAREC corridors 1b and 6b) to turn it into a truly international trunk corridor. The entire project is estimated to cost $6.5 billion

Dossor Bypass Way construction project under the CAREC Program Initial Environmental Examination and is mainly co-financed by development partners including ADB, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), the Islamic Development Bank, the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) and the World Bank. 112. As the reconstruction of WE-WC Corridor near completion, additional national transport corridors of strategic importance and regional impact, known broadly as the “Centre-South” (Astana - Almaty), “Centre-East” (Astana - Ust'-Kamenogorsk) and “Centre-West” (Astana - Aktau) corridors, are being developed by the government and development partners. These corridors are estimated to cost $6.6 billion and planned for implementation during 2016-2020.

B.3.1 Project road

113. The design road is classified as a republic importance road, as a road through which carry out important interstate transport link and big volume of heavy traffic and transit flow on the road A-27 “Aktobe-Atyrau-border of the RF to Astrakhan” and the road A-33 “Dossor-Kulsary-Beineu-Saiutes-Shetpe-Zhetybay-port Aktau”. 114. The necessity of road reconstruction is related to the fact that there is a high intensity of the traffic flow by heavy trucks in this section of the international road route between roads A-27 and A-33, passing through Dossor and Kulsary villages, and the road parameters do not meet the modern traffic safety requirements. 115. Beside benefits of regional trade and transit traffic, improving the quality of this road will also increase access to social services for the local community, and stimulate the development of non-oil industry, that in return will create more job opportunities and improve the living condition in the regions. 116. As the Ministry of Industry and Infrastructural Development (MIID) and its Committee for Roads (CfR) embark upon the next stage of nationwide road network upgrading, continued institutional and capacity development, i.e., follow-on implementation of functions under development and scaling-up what has been functioning well, will be needed for further improvements in transport efficiency and quality of service. The core problem of an inefficient road transport system, attributable to unbalanced road connectivity and deteriorated roads coupled with substandard services, is that it increases transport costs and constrains the country‘s integration into the global economy. This ultimately hampers sustainable social and economic development. Recent reports have indicated that in some of the road sections traffic growth is actually negative due to the deteriorating road condition and the reluctance of people to use the road. 117. “KazAutoZhol” estimates that road traffic on the rehabilitated road will increase by an average of 5% annually over the 20 year lifecycle of the project. Picture 2: Traffic forecasts for 2015 - 2035 illustrates the predicted traffic volume increases based on the most recent traffic counts for km 15 (Aktobe) and km 98 (Kandyagash).

Dossor Bypass Way construction project under the CAREC Program Initial Environmental Examination

Picture 4. Traffic forecasts for 2015 – 2035 8000

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

KM15 KM98

118. According to data provided in the Aktobe – Makat IEE (2015) most of the accidents recorded on the Aktobe section of the A-27 result from vehicle roll-overs due to high speed, these have caused a high number of deaths compared to the number of accidents. Improvements to the road condition and geometry will help reduce accident rates per capita. B.4 Road design

B.4.1 Road standards

119. The projected road will be constructed as a bypass road, with jointing of the beginning and end of road to the existing international importance roads. The beginning of the projected road PK 0+00, which is PK 3862+77,41 of road А-27 "Aktobe - Atyrau - border of the RF to Astrakhan" and the end of the road PK 55+16,83 which is PK 7992+00.43 of “Dossor-Kulsary-Beineu-Saiutes-Shetpe-Zhetybay-port Aktau”, pass through the territory of Makat district of Atyrau region. 120. According to the project, the road being constructed belongs to the II technical category with hard heavy-duty asphalt concrete pavement and has a length of 5516.83m. Also there is access road to the base camp of "DANK" LLP with a length 50.0m. The Table 1 provides SNIP indicators and how they were used in the design. Table 1: Main technical standards used in the design of category II road Indicators in SP RK Description of parameters Design 3.03-101-2013 1.Road category II II 2.Estimated speed, km/h 120 120 3.Number of lanes, pcs. 2 2 4.Lane width, m 3,75 3,75

Dossor Bypass Way construction project under the CAREC Program Initial Environmental Examination

Indicators in SP RK Description of parameters Design 3.03-101-2013 5.Carriageway width, m 7,5 7,5 6.Shoulder width, m 3,75 3,75 7.The smallest width of strengthened lane, m 0,75 0,75 8.Roadbed width,m 15 15 9.Cross fall of carriageway and strengthened lane 15 15 10.Shoulder cross fall 40 40 11.Road pavement type heavy-duty heavy-duty Road pavement Developed, SMA-20 12.Maximum longitudinal gradient 40 40 13.The lowest visibility distance, m а) bus stop 450 450 b) oncoming car 350 350 14.Minimum radius of curves а) in the plan, m 3000 800 b) in the longitudinal profile: - convex, m 70 000 70 000 - concave, m 8 000 8 000 15.Turns with a straight-topped section of 2 000 and less 2000 and less carriageway when the curve radius in the plan, m

B.4.2 Cross section

121. The longitudinal profile is designed in accordance with the requirements of SP RK 3.03-101-2013 “Highways” for category II road. The embankment height is set based on that the road is free of snow drifts, design features of artifical structures and the top of road pavement is higher than the level of surface and ground waters. The leading elevation for road climatic zone V is not less than 1.2m, depending on the type of embankment soil, groundwater level in accordance with Table -16 of SP RK 3.03-101- 2013 “Highways”. Control points are profile elevations in the construction areas of small artificial structures - on the approaches to them the grade line is adopted taking into account the necessary elevation of the roadbed above the level of ground water and structural elements. The grade line provides the required continuity of road. The longitudinal profile visibility according to the requirements of ST RK 3.03-101-2013 “Highways” is provided. The Picture 5 below provides a drawing of standard cross sections for category 2 road.

B.4.3 Roadbed and pavement

122. Based on the results of comparison of the variants of the pavement design by the Employer and the design team the pavement design adopted for the project is as follows: Calculation of pavement design is made according to “Guideline for designing of non- rigid pavement", SP RK 3.03-104-2014. The following background data are used for calculations:  road climate zone – V;  region features and и moisture degree – 1;  pavement service life – 20 years;  pavement type – heavy-duty;

Dossor Bypass Way construction project under the CAREC Program Initial Environmental Examination

 strength coefficient =1,0;  reliability coefficient =0,95;  calculated modulus of elasticity – 220 MPa (according to SP PK 3.03-104-2014, table 4);  design load – А2 (130). According to the calculations, the pavement shown on the drawing 18/06/IPS-AD, page 4 and approved by the Committee for Roads MIID RK dated March 11, 2020, was accepted for the design: TYPE-1  wearing course of crushed stone and mastic asphalt concrete SMA-20 on the modified bitumen BND 70/100, GOST 31015, thickness 5 cm;  binder course of hot dense coarse-grained asphalt concrete, grade-I, type A, on the bitumen BND 70/100, ST RK 1225-2013, thickness 9 cm;  upper base course of hot porous coarse-grained asphalt concrete grade-I, ST RK 1225-2013, thickness 10 cm;  lower base course of crushed stone and sand mix C-4 (80 mm), ST RK 1549- 2006, thickness 18 cm;  sub-base of natural sand and gravel mix, GOST 8267, thickness 18 cm;  layer of needled geotextile material, R RK 218-78-2009, density 250 g/m2. TYPE-II (for salt-affected sections)  wearing course of crushed stone and mastic asphalt concrete SMA-20 on the modified bitumen BND 70/100, GOST 31015, thickness 5 cm;  binder course of hot dense coarse-grained asphalt concrete, grade-I, type A, on the bitumen BND 70/100, ST RK 1225-2013, thickness 9 cm;  upper base course of hot porous coarse-grained asphalt concrete grade-I, ST RK 1225-2013, thickness 10 cm;  lower base course of crushed stone and sand mix C-4 (80 mm), ST RK 1549- 2006, thickness 18 cm;  sub-base of natural sand and gravel mix, GOST 8267, thickness 18 cm;  layer of needled geotextile material, R RK 218-78-2009, density 250 g/m2;.  removal of muck layer by replacing it with sand, ST RK 1217-2003, thickness 50 cm; Shoulders are strengthened by crushed stone and sand mix S-4, ST RK 1549-2066, thickness 14 cm. 123. Cross sections of roadbed have been developed in accordance with the standard design 503-0-48.87 in compliance with the requirements of SNiP 3.03.09-2006* and ‘Guidelines for construction of roadbed of public roads” and taking into account the Employer's requirement, the following types of roadbed profiles have been adopted for the project:  Type 1 - Embankment with height up to 2 m, embankment slope 1 : 4.  Type 2 - Embankment with height from 2 to 6 m, embankment slope 1 : 4.  Type 3 - Excavation with depth up to 1.0 m, with internal slopes 1 : 4, external slopes 1 : 2, with the ditching depth 0.3 m below the bottom of the pavement and width at least 0.4 m at the bottom to ensure the drainage of surface water.  Type 4 - Excavation with depth up to 6.0 m, with internal slopes 1 : 4, external slopes 1 : 2, with ditch shelf, width 1.0 m, ditch depth 0.3 m below the bottom of the pavement and width at least 0.5 m at the bottom to ensure the drainage of surface water.  Type 5 - Embankment with height up to 6 m, on the salt-affected sections, embankment slope 1 : 4.

Dossor Bypass Way construction project under the CAREC Program Initial Environmental Examination

124. To ensure the safety and stability of the roadbed, its embankment slopes are taken as 1:4. After the completion of the road construction, it is planned to strengthen the embankment slopes and the pavement along slope by the removed top soil with thickness 0.25 m throughout the road. 125. The following parameters are accepted for the project road cross section: the carriageway width 3.75m*2 with the cross fall of carriageway - 15 for asphalt concrete pavement, and on the shoulders - 40, according to SP RK 3.03-101-2013 "Highways". 126. The project takes into account the removal of top soil with thickness 25 cm under the embankment bed of roadbed and on the salt-affected areas the width of embankment bed +2.0 m for every direction, depth 50 cm with the removal of muck layer to a hard surface of the ground. The removal of muck layer on the salt-affected areas should be carried out during the dry hot season. 127. The quantity of excavation works are determined taking into account the following adjustments: for the pavement; for the coefficient of relative compaction; for soil losses during transportation by dump trucks in the amount of 1%. For the roadbed filling, the project recommended soils from the borrow pits and excavations. The padding shoulders are constructed by the soils of off-road borrow pits.

B.4.4 Intersection and Junction

128. There are 2 junctions in the design, at the beginning and end of the road. Road pavement within the curves, acceleration and deceleration lanes on the existing road is the same as the main designed road. 129. At the connection of edges of the main and secondary roads used the method of ranging of a curvature in the form of a circular curve with symmetric curves – clothoids, its main purpose is prevention of instant occurrence of the centrifugal force causing skidding of the car having unsafe impact on drivers and passengers. The connection of edges and carriageway of the main and secondary roads is made by the circular curve R=25 m. To provide deceleration and acceleration of cars leaving the general traffic flow and entering it, there will be speed change lanes and horizontal direction markings. All the designed junctions have been approved by the Traffic Police Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan. 130. The design is provided the construction of access exit on PK14+00,00 from the right side to the base camp of “DANK” LLP with parameters of technical category IV of the road with a length 50.00 m. The following parameters are used for the cross section of access road: - carriageway width -3,0m*2 , - width of strengthened part of shoulder - 0,5m*2 - shoulder width -2,0m *2 - roadbed width -10,0m 131. The road pavement for access road is as follows: • Additional base course of crushed stone and sand mix C 4, h=15cm, ST RK 1549-2006, thickness 15cm • Crushed stone base, size 40-80mm, laying by wedging method, ST RK 1284- 2004, thickness 15cm • Tack coat of upper base course by the bitumen at a rate of 0,7 l/m2 • Pavement of hot dense fine-grained asphalt concrete type-B, grade II, on the bitumen BND 70/100, ST RK 1225-2013, thickness 6 cm. Strengthening of shoulders of sand and gravel mix, ST RK 1549-2006, thickness 10cm. Cross fall on the road carriageway is 15 ‰, on the shoulders 30‰ from the axis.

CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

Picture 5. Drawing of standard cross section for Category 2 road

Dossor Bypass Way construction project under the CAREC Program Initial Environmental Examination

B.4.5 Artificial structures

132. There are no existing artificial structures in this project. Watercourses crossing the road are mostly temporary and seasonal. There is a runoff in the channels due to the passage of melt water and rainwater. The size and the location of the culverts are assigned according to the hydrological report and the term of reference. 133. The working design provides a cattle pass construction for passing domestic animals and small equipment across the road at PK 9 + 03.00 by a precast concrete box culvert 4.0x 2.5 m on sand and crushed stone bed without an apron and slope strengthening at the inlet and outlet with a length 10m by sulphate-resistant concrete. 134. There will be totally 8 numbers of metal corrugated culverts with a diameter 1,5m at the road intersection with salt-affected sections from PK 18+57 to PK 21+67; from PK 36+72 to PK 38+94; from PK 47+27 to PK 48+07.

B.4.6 Utilities/Off-site lighting

135. There are lighting poles with led lamps Solaris Elite SLL-60 with integral solar panel at PK from 3861 to 3865+80 and from 7987+0.9 to 7992+40 to the junctions at the bypass road construction in Dossor village, Makat district of Atyrau region. Lighting poles OKG-8 are installed from the edge of asphalt pavement at a distance of at least 1.75m. Lighting is made by led lamps Solaris Elite SLL-60 with integral solar panel, on the solar batteries with energy storage in the battery and DC voltage 12V. The batteries store power energy during the daytime and consume it according to the installed program of the controller. 136. Charging is possible even in cloudy weather and in winter. The solar power plant controller has 17 fixed programs, including the program for connecting consumers only at night-time. The controller prevents complete discharge of the battery. The lighting system is a self-contained solar powered lighting system that does not require a connection to the power grid. It operates automatically without human participation. Lighting layout is adopted single- row, installed along the site edge. 137. The project uses metal supports covered by “hot-dip galvanizing” OKG-8 type manufactured by "Fost" LLC in Chelyabinsk. A bracket with hot-dip galvanizing coating is included in the equipment delivery set for lighting installation. The device is designed for use in areas where it is difficult and impossible to supply power, as well as to replace usual street lamps powered by the network. Solaris Elite SLL-60 system, 60W is specially designed for Kazakhstan conditions and provides uninterrupted operation in the darkest and coldest period of the year “November-December-January”. 138. Solar power plants Solaris Elite SLL-60, 60W are fully automated and do not require human participation. The powerful 46 solar battery recharges the battery during the daytime. Charging is possible even in cloudy weather and in winter. The power plant controller switches on the lamps in night-time and prevents complete discharge of the battery. The lamp body is made by aluminium, led lamps CREE manufactured in the USA are used. The basic version of led lamps has a "Wide" KSS diagram 150x50grad. Brackets and connectors allow two workers to install the system within 15 minutes without using special equipment. The set is delivered ready to install, only remains to install the lamp and the power plant on a pole with a diameter of 76 or 89 mm, connect the cables to the connectors and turn the power plant on. The lamp starts working immediately and continues without human participation.

B.4.7 Road furniture and Traffic safety

139. Arrangement of road signs is provided according to ST RK 1125-2002 "Road signs" and ST RK 1412-2017 "Technical means of traffic management". Road signs are installed on foundations on berms taking into account the minimum distance from the roadbed edge to the

Dossor Bypass Way construction project under the CAREC Program Initial Environmental Examination sign edge is 0.5 m and from the lower edge of the sign to the surface of the pavement at the edge of the carriageway is 2.0 m. Size II is adopted for road signs. To show to drivers the road direction, the borders of the shoulders, the length and shape of dangerous areas, metal guide posts with reflectors are installed at a distance of 0.35 m from the roadbed edge. 140. According to the requirements of ST RK 1412-2017 "Technical means traffic management", ST RK GOST R 52607-2010 "Guardrails holding, roadside for cars" and ST RK 1278-2004 "Safety metal barriers", the design provides the installation of metal guardrails single-sided group I by galvanized iron. 141. Road marking of the carriageway is made according to ST RK 1124-2003 "Road marking" and ST RK 1412-2017 "Technical means of traffic management" by thermoplastic with reflective beads.

B.4.8 Rest areas and bus stops

142. Rest areas, bus stops are not provided (clause 14 “Particular conditions” of terms for reference for the development of design and estimate document dated February 28, 2020). B.5 Work scope

B.5.1 Project phases

143. The Project will be implemented in several phases as follows:

1. Feasibility / Design Phase - A team of national consultants has prepared a design for the Project Road. The IEE/ EMP will be provided to the Contractor when signs an agreement for additional work scope on the implementation of the “Construction of Dossor bypass way” project. At the moment the Engineer jointly with the Contractor prepared a variation order, due to the additional scope for Aktobe-Makat road, km 487- 504 (Lot 7).

2. Pre-Construction Phase:  Land Acquisition - Under the terms of the Grant of the ADB, before the commencement of the construction works at any part of the site, the Employer must prepare the Land Acquisition and Resettlement Plan (LARP), obtain the approval of ADB and then implement the plan and acquire the land.  Site Specific Environmental Management Plan (SSEMP) - Ensure that the SSEMP is submitted to the Engineer for review at least 10 days before taking possession of any work site. No access to the site will be allowed until the SSEMP is reviewed by the Engineer and approved by the Project Management Consultant.

3. Construction Phase:  Preparation period  Artificial structures construction  Earthworks  Road pavement  Road furniture  Finishing works and rehabilitation of disturbed land

4. Operational Phase - Commences from the date of Taking Over of the Works by the Employer.

B.5.2 Preparation works

(i) Mobilization period

Dossor Bypass Way construction project under the CAREC Program Initial Environmental Examination

 Study of design document of the site, clarification and selection of road construction material sources;  Testing of materials proposed by the suppliers and obtain the approval of the Employer and designer;  Deployment of road equipment to the work place.

(ii) Restoration and fixing of road axis, project setting out. (iii) Legal and technical (setting out of boundaries) land acquisition for road construction. (iv) Removal and replacement of unsuitable elements of existing road furniture to storage area. (v) Cutting of unsuitable soil with its vegetation. (vi) Reconstruction, protection and relocation of communication lines. During work process, to call the owner’s representative and agree with him work schedule if a temporary switching off is necessary; (vii) Culvert and artificial structures construction. (viii) Delivery and stockpiling of materials on the construction site.

B.5.3 Artificial structures /Culverts construction

144. There are no existing artificial structures on the project site. The project provides construction of 9 precast concrete culverts, among them:  with a diameter 1,5 m - 8 nos./224,59 m;  with a size 4 х 2,5 m - 1 no./28,07 m.

145. The size of culverts are determined based on the hydrological report during water free- flow time. The base of small artificial structures is solid and sandy loam. The material of precast and monolithic structures is concrete of heavy grades B20, B30 on sulphate-resistant cement, frost-resistance F300, water permeability W6. The links of pipes with flat support are installed on a precast foundation slab, identified for the first calculated embankment height. The foundation of the normal pipe link is installed on the precast foundation slab. The monolithic foundation slab is installed on the crushed stone base with a thickness 10 cm. 146. Rectangular culvert links are installed on monolithic plate with a thickness 40 cm, identified for the first calculated embankment height. The foundation of type 3 is placed on the crushed stone base with a thickness 10 cm. The side walls are placed on the crushed stone base with a thickness 30 cm. The rectangular culvert is designed as a cattle pass for passing livestock

B.5.4 Earthworks

147. The project takes into account the removal of top soil with thickness 0.25 m under the embankment bed of roadbed and on the salt-affected areas the width of embankment bed +2.0 m for every direction, depth 0.5 m with the removal of muck layer to a hard surface of the ground. 148. The roadbed construction is provided from the excavation soils and soils explored borrow pits No.1 and No.2. Each filled layer should be compacted up to compaction coefficient=0.95 with constant control of density and humidity. The layer surface before compaction should be planned up to the design slope of the pavement bottom. During the precipitations by the consent of construction supervision consultant, the excavation works should be suspended. During the roadbed construction with a technological break in winter, it is necessary to fulfil a number of conditions: o to backfill the embankment in the lower sections of the ground at least 1-2 layers; o to plan carefully with a slope to the edge and to make compaction of the surface of the filled layers to ensure water drainage. 33

Dossor Bypass Way construction project under the CAREC Program Initial Environmental Examination

o when moistening and compaction of previously filled layers of soil o need to be loosened, dried and make recompaction up to compaction coefficient=0.95. o when loosening of previously filled layers due to moisture removal (drying) 149. Earthworks on cutting and removal of the muck layer on the salt-affected areas, for the effective operation of machines and mechanisms, it is desirable to execute in weather conditions closer to freezing of the muck layer or in arid hot season. 150. The roadbed construction at access roads, speed change lanes and padding slopes - berms for the installation of road signs should be carried out simultaneously with the roadbed construction.

B.5.5 Road pavement

 To construct the pavement on the planned and carefully compacted capping layer.  To carry out setting out of design elevations no more than 20 m, axial poles should be set out from the work area of construction equipment with installation of two additional pegs of cross section.  To control the quality and composition of incoming materials, to make mix design and test its samples in the laboratory before the work commencement with the material of a particular supplier.  To prepare crushed stone and sand mix by mixing it in the plant.  To control constantly the density and humidity of the ready mix.  On the acceleration and deceleration lanes on the existing road for the junction, it is necessary to cut the existing shoulder from the pavement edge to the thickness of the project pavement, 60cm. Then the existing pavement should be cut to a width of 20cm and a thickness of 14cm in order to connect and bond the upper pavement layers.

B.5.6 Road furniture

151. It is necessary to carry out road furniture works: road delineator and road signs, vertical marking of delineators and horizontal marking of the road with reflecting paint thermoplastic, as well as one-sided road guardrails of barrier type mark 11DO-4(3) - are accepted. There are construction of guardrails at the beginning and end sections at a distance of 12m before and after the guardrails work place with the installation with a distance between posts 2m.

B.5.7 Finishing works and rehabilitation of disturbed land

152. After the completion of earthworks, the finishing works should be executed:  levelling and compaction of the top and slopes of the roadbed;  compaction of embankment slopes with a height more than 2 meters attached equipment with a vibratory roller weighing 1t, mounted on the boom of the excavator. 153. Rehabilitation of lands disturbed during construction. Shoulders should be filled by the soils of off-road reserves, during the work process it is necessary to fulfil all requirements for earthworks. Upon completion of the pavement and road furniture works, it is necessary to carry out the final finishing of the roadbed: levelling and rolling of slopes to comply with the design, to conduct strengthening works in the side reserves.

B.5.8 Construction equipment

154. The Table 2 provides an indicative list of key equipment required for the construction phase.

Dossor Bypass Way construction project under the CAREC Program Initial Environmental Examination

Table 2: Key equipment

Minimum No. Equipment type and characteristics required number

1 Bulldozer (>245 HP) 2 2 Excavator (>100 HP) 2 3 Hydraulic excavator 2 4 Front loader (>135 HP) 4 5 Motor grader (>135 HP) 3 6 Asphalt paver 2 7 Tire roller 4 8 Single drum roller 2 9 Tandem roller (>14 t) 2 10 Heavy smooth drum roller (>13 t) 2 11 Dump truck (10 t) 5 12 Dump truck (16 t) 10 13 Crane (16 t) 2 14 Crane (25 t) 2 15 Water truck 3 16 Tank truck with a volume 10 m3 1 17 Fuelling truck with a capacity 10 t 1 18 Bitumen truck 2 19 Binder distributor 1 20 Others (auxiliary equipment) 8

TOTAL 60

B.5.9 Personnel

155. The construction phase will last approximately 10 months and it is expected that during the construction peak time there will be totally 70 employees, among them: engineering office staff – 11 people (15.7% of total), workers – 59 people (84.3% of total). The breakdown of the required personnel will be as follows: (i) Skilled workers: 58%; (ii) Semi-skilled workers: 25%; and (iii) Unskilled workers: 17%. B.6 Material sources and Construction facilities

B.6.1 Borrow pits and Quarries

156. The exploitation of borrow pits and quarries will be conducted by licensed companies or the Contractor will obtain its own licenses. The exact locations of quarry and borrow sites will be determined by the Contractor and specified within the SEMP. The Project will not implement any exploration activities from illegal sources. The table 8 shows the potential available sources.

Dossor Bypass Way construction project under the CAREC Program Initial Environmental Examination

Table 3: Potential borrow pit locations

No. Location / Name Material

1 Borrow pit No.1 / along А-27 road at a distance 10km Soil

2 Borrow pit No.2 / along А-27 road at a distance 10km Soil

B.6.2 Asphalt batching

157. The Contractor will be responsible for ensuring all concrete batching facilities and asphalt plant comply with the conditions outlined in this IEE and that all necessary permits to operate are obtained from the relevant regulatory authorities. 158. The working design provides to use materials from enterprises located in Atyrau region and other Kazakhstan manufacturers. Specific suppliers are determined based on the results of bidding for contract works. Off-road borrow pits are used for the roadbed construction. Asphalt concrete mix are delivered from a temporary mobile asphalt plant (see Appendix A Presentation of Dossor bypass way project with an indication of the mobilization of Equipment and Personnel, RCM preparation).

B.6.3 Construction and Drinking water

159. During the construction phase as drinking water it is planned to use delivered bottled water (by the agreement), as construction water – Public State Enterprise “Atyrau Su Arnasy” in Dossor, located at a distance of 2 km (list of sources and transportation methods of main construction materials and precast products, approved by the Employer on February 25, 2020).

B.6.4 Construction camps and Storage area

160. Construction Camps - the existing construction camp (picture 6/photo), previously arranged for the construction of Lot 7 road section, will be used by the Contractor for this project. There is an adequate area for parking areas for equipment, material stockpile, office, storage and workshop, and other related facilities, including fuel storage, access to utilities and local market, and an appropriate distance from social facilities in the vicinity. 161. All permits are available for the location and operation of construction camps, including Asphalt plant according to the legislation of RK, also the approval from KazAutoZhol and the Engineer is obtained.

162. The Contractor provided the following basic facilities in the construction camps: • Safe and reliable water supply. • Hygienic sanitary facilities and sewerage system. • Treatment facilities for effluents domestic wastes • Storm water drainage facilities. • Sick bay and first aid facilities.

Dossor Bypass Way construction project under the CAREC Program Initial Environmental Examination

Picture 6

Lot 7 construction camp near to Dossor Lot 7 construction camp and Asphalt plant

163. Storage areas - temporary storage areas will be required for certain activities, such as the storage of sand and gravels and construction equipment. These storage areas may range in size from anything between 50 m2 to more than a hectare. The precise locations of these temporary facilities is not known at this stage, as such mitigation measures shall be prepared to ensure that these areas are sited in approved locations.

Dossor Bypass Way construction project under the CAREC Program Initial Environmental Examination

C. Alternatives

C.1 General

164. One of the purposes of the IEE is to investigate alternatives to the project. In relation to a proposed activity “alternatives” means different ways to achieve the general purposes and requirements of the proposed activity. The following section provides an assessment of alternative corridors, alignments, transport modes and technologies, as well as the ‘no action’ alternative. C.2 “No action” alternative

165. In this case it is defined as a decision not to accept the proposed road construction project. Abandoning the project means that all future traffic will use the existing road. This will have a significant negative impact on the existing village. Noise and vibration levels will be increased, air pollution will increase, and road safety problems will make trouble for local population and road users, especially for pedestrians. Traffic congestion will increase with negative economic consequences. Generally, the quality of environmental and social conditions will deteriorate along the existing road. Also this alternative was rejected based on that satisfactory road connection is the basis for economic development and poverty reduction. Therefore, the “No action” alternative is considered counterproductive for these purposes. 166. In light of these considerations, the “No action” alternative is deemed to be neither prudent nor in the best interest of the local population and Kazakhstan as a whole or those with an interest in, and attempting to assist restoration of Kazakhstan’s well-being.

C.3 Alternative road corridors

167. There are other alternative corridors to investigate or assess under this project, as the purpose is to construct bypass way along the shortest and most convenient route. C.4 Alternative alignments

168. As noted in the Section B, the project provides the alternative related to the road construction on the previously unaffected areas was dictated by the need to create a bypass road, taking into account the shortest road in order to connect the republic importance roads “Atyrau-Aktobe” and “Kulsary-Dossor”. The assessment of land plots shows that the chosen road direction through the new lands will allow to exclude the passing of heavy and transit transport through the villages and reduce the negative impact on the external and social environment. It will lead to:  reduce the congestion on village roads;  reduce the quality deterioration of village roads;  reduce air pollution by transit vehicles;  reduce noise pollution;  reduce travel time due to improved road conditions. At the same time, possible negative environmental impacts can be effectively mitigated and/or eliminated by a specially designed measures during construction and operation of the facility. On the contrary, laying the road on the existing roadbed will not allow to realize the abovementioned tasks. In this regard, the chosen design decisions seem reasonable and justified.

Dossor Bypass Way construction project under the CAREC Program Initial Environmental Examination

C.5 Alternative transport modes

169. The project bypass way runs alongside an existing rail line, which connects Aktau and Atyrau with Aktobe and other areas of Kazakhstan. This railway, although mostly single track, is capable of handling large freight and passenger trains, and is being upgraded constantly. However, the railway is considered necessary as part of a mix of transport modes, with rail promoted as the preferred mode for longer distance, containerized and bulk commodities, as this represents the most environmental and efficient mode of transport. On the other hand, the project road is promoted for the local movement of people and goods within the region. Accordingly, the railway is not considered an alternative to the project but as an additional component of the country wide transport network. C.6 Alternative construction camps and storage areas

170. Currently the location of these facilities is currently known. The Contractor has selected the existing site Lot 7 that meets the requirements of placement and management guidelines as specified in this IEE (Section F.8.4 - Construction sites, asphalt plant, concrete mixers and temporary storage areas). All permits are available for the location and operation of construction camp Lot 7, including Asphalt plant according to the legislation of RK, also the approval from KazAutoZhol and the Engineer is obtained.

CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

D. Environmental laws, standards and regulations

D.1 General

171. This section of the IEE presents an overview of the policy/legislative framework as well as the environmental assessment guidelines of Kazakhstan that apply to the proposed project. The section also identifies relevant ADB Safeguard Policies that will apply. The project will be required to comply with all relevant national and international environmental policies / guidelines. D.2 Country policies and administrative framework

D.2.1 Overall legal framework

172. Environmental protection is administered in Kazakhstan by the Ministry of Environment, Geology and Natural resources RK. This Ministry has been formed during reorganization of the GRK in June 2019.

173. The main legislative framework that establishes the legal framework for environmental protection in Kazakhstan is the Environmental Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Law Number 212-III, adopted January 9, 2007 with latest amendments and additions dated June 25, 2020 (hereinafter EC 2007)1. Three main laws (the Law on Environmental Protection, the Law on Environmental Expertise and the Law on Air Protection) were abrogated subsequent to their integration into the Environmental Code. Moreover, about 80 normative legal acts were abrogated after the adoption of the Environmental Code.

D.2.2 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

174. According to Article 36 of the Environmental Code development of EIA is mandatory for all types of activities that can have a direct or indirect impact on the environment and public health. The permitting system is a component of the Environmental Code. 175. The Order No.204-p of the Ministry of Environmental Protection RK (dated June 28, 2007 with amendments and additions June 17, 2016) “On approval of the instruction on conducting environmental impact assessment” (hereinafter Instruction) made in accordance with the sub-clause 28, article 17 of the Environmental Code RK and other laws and regulations of the RK. 176. Environmental Impact Assessment (hereinafter EIA) is carried out in order to determine environmental and other consequences of options for management and economic decisions, to develop recommendations on environmental improvement, prevention of destruction, degradation, damage and depletion of environmental systems and natural resources. 177. The EIA is developed for the project documentation regulating the creation (development, construction, reconstruction, conservation, elimination) of specific large-scale and (or) environmentally hazardous facilities and structures of the planned activity, and is submitted for the approval to the State Environmental Expertise in the package with the design document.

1 Source: In more detail: https://kodeksy-kz.com/ka/ekologicheskij_kodeks/36.htm

CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

178. According to Article 37 EC RK Environmental impact assessment stages 1. Environmental impact assessment is carried out sequentially taking into account stages of urban planning and construction design provided by the legislation of the RK. 2. Environmental impact assessment consists the following stages: 1) preliminary environmental impact assessment except category IV facilities (stage 1); 2) impact assessment, executed for the purpose of full and comprehensive analysis of possible impacts of the project implementation or further implementation of economic and other activities, justification of alternatives and development of the environmental management plan (program), except the existing category IV facilities (stage 2); 3) section "Envronmental protection" within the working design, containing technical solutions for prevention of adverse environmental impacts, except category IV facilities (stage 3). 3. Stages 2 and 3 of environmental impact assessment develop environmental emission standards in accordance with chapter 4 of this Code.

179. A “Notification of environmental consequences” is the separate attachment to the EIA, which is prepared by the Employer of project document as the result of conducted EIA and is submitted for the state environmental expertise along with other design document.. 180. Other legislation addressing specific environmental issues has also been enacted. The Forest Code regulates the use, protection and conservation of forests as well as forest restoration. Specific issues related to the protection and conservation of forests, are regulated in by-laws. The Water Code adopted in July 9, 2003 No.481 contains main directives on environmental protection, preservation and use of water resources on the territory of Kazakhstan. The last changes were integrated in 29.06.2020. The main state document regulating land use and protection is the Land Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan that was adopted in June 20, 2003 (№-442-II) with changes and amendments as of July 1, 2020.

D.2.3 Administrative framework

181. The central executive body for environmental protection in the Republic of Kazakhstan is the Ministry of Environment, Geology and Natural resources (MoE). MoE is responsible for developing and pursuing national environmental policy, enforcing laws, and administering State supervision and State environmental expertise. MoE oversees the country’s compliance with ratified international environmental conventions and interstate environmental agreements. It also controls emissions and discharges of pollutants, issues permits of certain categories (described below) and determines the maximum volumes and composition of pollutants. 182. At the local level, the MoE has territorial environmental protection offices – environmental department (ED). Their role is mostly related to inspection of local facilities, but they also give consultation to enterprises and perform state environmental expertise on local facilities. Akimats (the executive branch of local government) and maslikhats (representative local authorities) are entitled to perform state supervision and can approve certain provisions and tariffs for use of natural resources. They also determine, within certain limits, the pollution charges paid by enterprises. They allocate natural resources, including mountain and woodland pastures and grasslands, and establish and administer local specially protected areas, and issue nature resource-use regulations within their competencies. 183. The other state bodies within the Kazakhstan Administrative Framework with relevant environmental responsibilities are as follows: . The Committee on Forestry and Wildlife (CFW) within the MoE manages woodlands and

41 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

specially protected natural areas: nine national natural reserves and six national natural parks in 14 regions. At the local level, territorial offices of the Committee manage forestry and bio-resources, and 138 governmental Forest Conservation Agencies (accountable to the Committee) are responsible for forest protection and conservation. . The Committee on Water Resources (CWR) under MoE administers the state reporting system regarding the protection and efficient use of water resources. Its responsibility covers: water intake from natural watercourses and groundwater; fresh water consumption; water use for production; water use for agriculture; conservation of fresh water and the recycling of water supply; and sewage discharges into natural water bodies and ground water. Water resources are managed by the river basin organizations according to hydrographic or river basin principles. . The Emergency Management Committee of the Ministry of Internal Affairs is responsible for environmental disaster management and prevention (e.g., fires, flooding, mudslides, industrial accidents, etc.).

 The table shows the general legislation and other regulations of the RK applied to all environmental components during the EIA and this IEE

Legislation and other regulations of the RK Environmental Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan adopted by the Decree of the Republic of Kazakhstan President dated 09.01.2007 No, 212-III (with changes and amendments as of 15.01.2019).

Water Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated July 9, 2003 No,481-II (with changes and amendments as of 28.12.2018).

Forest Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated July 8, 2003 No.477-II (with changes and amendments as of 15.01.2019).

Land Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated June 20, 2003 No.442-II (with changes and amendments as of 26.06.2018).

Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan “On subsoil and subsoil use” dated June 24, 2010 No.291-IV (with changes and amendments as of 24.05.2018).

Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan “On subsoil and subsoil use” (with changes and amendments as of 24.05.2018).

Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan “On protection, reproduction and use of animal world” dated July 9, 2004 No.593-II (with changes and amendments as of 01.07.2018)

Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan “On specially protected natural territories” dated July 7, 2006 No.175-III ZRK (with changes and amendments as of 29.06.2018).

Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated April 23, 1998 No.219-I “On the radiation safety of the population” (with changes and amendments as of 12.01.2016).

Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated September 18, 2009 No.193-IV “On public health and health care system” (with changes and amendments as of 04.07.2018).

42 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

Order of the Ministry of environment protection of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated June 28, 2007 No204-P “On approval of the Instruction on conducting environmental impact assessment” (with changes and amendments as of 17.06.2017);

А.P.Khaustov, М.М.Redina “Environment protection during oil production”, Moscow, Publisher “Delo”, 2006.

GOST 17.4.1.02-83 Classification of chemicals for pollution control

GOST 17.4.1.03-84 Terms and definitions of chemical pollution

GOST 17.4.3.02-85 Environment protection. Soils. Requirement for top soil conservation during earthworks

GOST 17.4.3.06-86 General requirement for soil classification by influence of chemical pollutants on them

GOST 17.5.1.02-78 Environment protection. Lands. Classification of disturbed lands to be rehabilitated GOST 17.5.1.01-83 (ST SEV 3848-82) Environment protection. Land rehabilitation. Termins and definitions

GOST 17.5.3.06-85 Environment protection. Lands. Requirements for determination of top soil removal standards during earthworks

National regulation (RND) “Protection of land resources. Environmental requirements for protection and use of land resources (including agricultural land)” (Astana, 2005).

PR RK 52.5.06-03 Rules for environmental monitoring. Methodological recommendations for conducting comprehensive surveys to assess environmental pollution in areas subject to intensive anthropogenic impact

Order of the Acting Minister of National economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated March 27, 2015 No.261 “On approval of the Sanitary Regulations "Sanitary and epidemiological requirements to ensure radiation safety” Order of the Minister of National economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated February 27, 2015 No.155 “On approval of the Hygienic Regulations "Sanitary and epidemiological requirements to ensure radiation safety” RND 03.1.0.3.01-96 Procedure for setting limits on production waste generation and disposal Appendix No.16 to the Order of the Minister of Environment protection of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated 18.04.2008 No.100-p The procedure of development of draft standards for maximum disposal of production and consumption waste Order of the Minister of Environment protection of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated April 8, 2009 No.68-p “On the approval of the procedure of fee calculation for the emission to the environment” Calculation procedure of concentrations of harmful substances in the air from emissions of enterprises (appendix No.12 to the order of the Minister of environment and water resources of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated June 12, 2014 No.221- ө).

43 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

Order of the Minister of Environment protection of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated April 16, 2012 No.110-p “On approval of the procedure of determining standards for the emission to the environment” (with changes as of 17.06.2016). Collected book of methods for calculating emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere by various industries (Almaty, 1996). Collected book of estimated standards and prices for the operation of construction equipment Astana, 2003

RND 211.2.02.04-2004. Method for calculating emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere from stationary diesel plant. Astana, 2005

RND 211.2.02.09-2004. Methodological guidance for determining emissions of polluting substances into the atmosphere from the tanks. Astana, 2005 RND 211.2.02.03-2004. Method for calculating emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere during welding activities (by the amount of specific emissions). Astana, 2004 The procedure of calculating standards for the emission from non-organized sources (Appendix No.8 to the order of the Minister of environment and water resources RK dated 12.06.2014 No.221-ө). Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the establishment of a sanitary protection zone of production facilities. Order of the Minister of National economy RK dated March 20, 2015 No.237. Sanitary regulations "Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for industrial buildings and structures", approved by the order of the Minister of National economy RK dated 28.02.2015 No.174.

D.3 Other legislation, standards and regulations

D.3.1 Air quality

184. The regulatory document containing information on harmful substances in the air is the “Sanitary and Epidemiological requirements for the Air Quality” approved by the Order of the Ministry of Health of the RK dated August 16, 2017 No.611. It was registered in the Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Kazakhstan on September 13, 2017 No.15681. 185. The emission of hazardous substances (pollutants) in the air by the stationary source is allowed only on the basis of a special permit issued by the authorized state body in charge of air protection or its territorial subdivisions. The fee is based on the total annual emissions of the polluter without disaggregating data by emission sources. The issuing of air pollution permits for stationary and mobile sources of emissions (ground and air transport) is stipulated in the Environmental and Tax Codes of the Republic of Kazakhstan. 186. All motor vehicles of any type (including buses and trucks) are required to pass an annual roadworthy test which includes emission testing which must be in accordance with the regulations referred to below.

44 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

Table 4: Air quality legislation Instruction on Agreement and Approval of the The Order of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Design of the Maximum Permissible Emission Environmental Protection of the RK dd March 21, (MPE) and Maximum Permissible Discharges 2002 No.83-p. It was registered in the Ministry of (MPD) Justice of the RK on May 3, 2002 No.1843. It lost validity by the order of the Acting Minister of Environment and Water Resources of the RK dd December 30, 2013 No.395-O

Source: https://massaget.kz/laws/rus/docs/V020001843

Collected Book of Methods for Calculation of The Order of the Ministry of Environment and Water the Air Pollution by Different Types of Resources of the RK dd June 12, 2014 No.221-O. It Production was registered in the Ministry of Justice of the RK on July 15, 2014 No.9585

On the approval of Inventory rules for The Order of the Acting Ministry of Environmental Emissions of the Hazardous substances Protection of the RK dd August 4, 2005 No.217-p. It (pollutants), harmful Physical Effects on the was registered in the Ministry of Justice of the RK on Air and Their Sources September 15, 2005 No.3838. It lost validity by the order of the Acting Minister of Environment of the RK dd October 29, 2010 No.271-o

On the approval of the Procedure of The Order of the Ministry of Environment of the RK Determining standards for the emission dated May 21, 2007 No.158-p. It was registered in the Ministry of Justice of the RK on June 11, 2007 No.4726. It lost validity by the order of the Minister of Environmental Protection of the RK dd April 16, 2012 No.110-o

The procedure of Calculation of the Approved by the Order of the Minister of Hazardous Substances Concentrations Environmental Protection No.100-p dd April 18, 2008 Containing in the Atmospheric Discharges of the Enterprises Recommendations on Execution and Content The Order of the Minister of Environment and Bio of the Design Standards of the Maximum resources dd August 1, 1997 and Order of the Permissible Emissions (MPE) for the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Enterprises of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Protection of the RK No.156 dd 06.07.2001 Guiding normative document 211.02.02-97 Included in the List of the current regulatory legal acts in the field of the environmental protection, the Order of the Minister of Environmental Protection No.324-p dd October 27, 2006

Instruction on Standardization of the Air The Order of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Pollutants Emissions in the Republic of Environmental Protection of the RK No.516-p, Kazakhstan 21.12.00 Included in the List of the current regulatory legal acts in the field of the environmental protection, the Order of the Ministry of Environmental Protection No.324-p dd October 27, 2006

Calculation of Motor Vehicles Emissions The Order of the Ministry of Environmental Protection of the RK No.324-p dd October 27, 2006 Included in the List of current regulatory legal acts in the field of the environmental protection, the Order of

45 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

Guiding normative document 211.2.02.07- the Ministry of Environmental Protection No.324-p dd 2004 October 27, 2006

Calculation of Specific Emissions of The Order of the Ministry of Environment and Bio Atmospheric Pollutants and Associated resources dd 09.07.1997. Damages based on Type of Used Fuel in the Included in the List of current regulatory legal acts in Republic of Kazakhstan the field of environmental protection, the Order of the Guiding Normative Document 211.3.02.01-97 Ministry of Environmental Protection No.324-p dd October 27, 2006

Calculation of Contaminants in the Exhaust Approved by the Order of the Minister of Emissions from Transport enterprises Environmental Protection No.100-p dd April 18, 2008

Rules of Government Accounting of Sources The Governmental Decree No.124 dd February 8, of Greenhouse Gases Emissions into the 2008 Atmosphere and Consumption of Ozone destroying Substances

Rules for Limiting, Stopping or Decreasing The Governmental Decree No.128 dd February 11, Greenhouse Gases Emissions into 2008 Atmosphere

187. The Environmental Code defines the basic terms and principles of state control of air and soil conditions. In addition Sanitary Regulations and Standards (referred to as "SanPiN") exist with the aim of protection of human health. 188. Ambient air and soil quality standards are established by the last published SanPiN called “Sanitary and Epidemiological Requirements for air in urban and rural areas, soils and their protection, maintenance of the territories of urban and rural settlements, working conditions with sources of physical impacts affecting people". The standards for air quality establish the permissible limit of the content of harmful substances both in industrial areas and residential areas. The main terms and definitions related with the atmospheric air contamination, monitoring programs, behavior of pollutants in the atmospheric air determined by the GOST. Table 5: Air quality standards in Kazakhstan 2 Substance Maximum permissible concentration, mg/m3 Hazard class One time maximum Daily average Inorganic dust 0,3 0,1 3 Nitrogen dioxide 0,2 0,04 2 Sulfur dioxide 0,5 0,05 3 Carbon monoxide 5,0 3 4

189. International standards for the amount of contaminants of concern in air that people may breathe have been established by the World Health Organization (WHO) and by the EU. The table 6 provides these standards.

2 Source: “Sanitary and Epidemiological Requirements for air in urban and rural areas, soils and their protection, maintenance of the territories of urban and rural settlements, working conditions with sources of physical impacts affecting people” dated January 25, 2012

46 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

Table 6: WHO/ EU ambient air quality standards Parameter WHO guideline value - μг/m3 EU standard - μг/m3

Particulate matter – PM10 Annual average – 20 Annual average – 40

24-hour average – 50 24-hour average – 50

Particulate matter – PM 2.5 Annual average – 10 Annual average – 25

24-hour average – 25 -

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) Annual average – 40 Annual average – 40

1-hour average – 200 1-hour average – 200

24-hour average – 20 24-hour average – 125 Sulfur dioxide (SO2) 1-hour average – 350 1-hour average – 350

Lead (Pb) - Annual average – 0,5

D.3.2 Water quality

190. The main legislative act in the area of water resources protection and use is the Water Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan No.481 dated 09.07.2003. According to the definition provided in this document, protection of water bodies is an activity aimed at conservation, rehabilitation and reproduction of water bodies as well as prevention of water from detrimental effect. 191. According to Article 112, water bodies shall be protected from: (i) natural and industrial pollution of hazardous chemical and toxic substances and their compounds, as well as thermal, bacterial, radiation and other types of pollution; (ii) infestation with hard, non-soluble subjects, industrial, household and other types of wastes; (iii) fecal pollution. 192. Water bodies shall be protected to prevent: (i) disturbance of the environmental stability of the natural systems; (ii) causing harm to the lives and health of population; (iii) reduction of fishery resources and other water fauna; (iv) deterioration of the water supply conditions; (v) weakening of the natural self-reproduction and cleansing functions of the water bodies; (vi) other unfavorable conditions that negatively affect physical, chemical and biological qualities of water bodies. 193. Protection of water bodies is carried out through (i) taking into account general demands related to the protection of water bodies to all water users who use water for any purpose; (ii) improving and applying water protective measures with the help of new equipment and environmentally and epidemiologically safe technologies; (iii) establishment of water conservation zones, shelter belt of water bodies and sanitary protection zones for protection of drinking water supply sources; (iv) execution of state and other forms of control over the use and protection of the water bodies; (v) applying sanctions for failure to comply with the water protection requirements. 194. Central and local executive bodies of regions (republic importance cities and the capital) in compliance with relevant legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan undertake measures compatible with the principles of sustainable development to conserve water

47 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination resources, to prevent their pollution, infestation and depletion, as well as eliminate their consequences. 195. Physical and legal entities that discharge effluents to water bodies are obliged to comply with the environmental requirements established by the environmental legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan and implement managerial, technological, forest ameliorative, agro technical, hydro technical, sanitary-epidemiological and other activities to ensure protection of water bodies from pollution, infestation and depletion of water resources. 196. Article 116 of the Law regulates issues related to water protection zones. In particular, the Article mandates the establishment of water protection zones and belts with special conditions to maintain water bodies in the state required by sanitary and hygienic and environmental norms, to prevent contamination, infestation and depletion of surface waters, also to preserve flora and fauna. 197. When developing a project that may have a negative impact on water resources, the project design should be agreed with a local executive body in charge of water resources use, which is a River Basin Organization of the Water Resources Committee of the Ministry of Agriculture of the RK. The Water Code, initially adopted on March 31, 1993 and then substantially revised and passed in July 2003, is the main guiding document in the Republic of Kazakhstan on water resources conservation and protection. In addition, the Government approved a State Program on Water Resources Management for 2014-2020 that, among others, addresses issues related to the access and quality of drinking water, and needs of ecosystems. 198. Following adoption of the Water Code, the GRK has adopted by-laws that specify procedures for issuing special use permits and recall of such permits; for using water in case of firefighting needs; for classifying water ways as navigable routes; and for using reservoirs for transport needs. The Government of the RK approved a list of reservoirs (including ground waters) of health significance and reservoirs of special state significance or special scientific value. Granting the access to the listed water bodies is either restricted or entirely prohibited. 199. As in case with the air quality standards, various indices were used for comparative testing of water contamination. The most widely used index is the integrated hydro-chemical pollution index (PI). The basic document regulating the quality of surface waters and hazardous substances is the sanitary and hygienic norms and regulations for the Surface water protection against pollution No.3, 02.03.2004 approved by the Order of the Ministry of Health of the RK No.506 dated 28.06.2004. 200. The legislative and regulatory acts and procedural documents in the field of the water environment protection are listed below: Table 7: Water quality legislation Recommendations on Execution and Content of The Order of the Ministry of Environment and Bio Design Standards of the Maximum Permissible resources of the RK, 1992. Discharge (MPD) in Water Bodies for Enterprises Included in the List of the current regulatory legal in the Republic of Kazakhstan. acts in the field of the environmental protection, the Order of the Ministry for Environmental Protection No.324-p dd October 27, 2006

Instruction on Pollutants Discharge into Water The Order of the Ministry of Natural Resources Bodies of the Republic of Kazakhstan and Environmental Protection of the RK No.516- p, 21.12.00. Guiding normative document 211.2.03.01-97 Included in the List of the current regulatory legal acts in the field of the environmental protection,

48 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

the Order of the Ministry for Environmental Protection No.324-p dd October 27, 2006

Calculation Procedure for Standards of Water Approved by the Order of the Minister of Pollutants Discharges into Water Bodies, Environmental Protection No.100-p dd April 18, Disposal Fields and Land 2008

Procedure for Establishment of the Maximum The Ministry of Environmental Protection of the Permissible Discharge (MPD) of Pollutants to RK No.156-p dd 06.07.2001 Disposal Fields and Natural Land Depressions. Included in the List of the current regulatory legal acts in the field of the environmental protection, Guiding normative document 211.3.03.03-2000 the Order of the Ministry of Environmental Protection No.324-p dd October 27, 2006

Recommendations on Control and Supervision of The Order of the Ministry of Environment and Bio Operation of Treatment Facilities and Discharge resources of the RK dd 21.05.94. of Wastewaters. Included in the List of the current regulatory legal acts in the field of the environmental protection, the Order of the Ministry of Environmental Protection No.324-p dd October 27, 2006

Rules of Surface Waters Protection in the RK The Order of the Ministry of Environment and Bio resources of the RK dd 27.06.94. Guiding normative document 01.01.03-94 Included in the List of the current regulatory legal acts in the field of the environmental protection, the Order of the Ministry of Environmental Protection No.324-p dd October 27, 2006

Guidelines on Application of the Rules of Surface The Order of the Ministry of Environment and Bio Waters Protection in the RK resources of the RK dd 12.02.97. Included in the List of the current regulatory legal acts in the field of the environmental protection, the Order of the Ministry of Environmental Protection No.324-p dd October 27, 2006

Procedural Requirements for Application of Approved by the Order of the Minister of Norms and Standards of Water Resources Use Environment and Bio resources of the RK, 1997. in Various Climatic Zones of the Republic of Included in the List of the current regulatory legal Kazakhstan during Environmental Zoning. acts in the field of the environmental protection, the Order of the Ministry Environmental Protection No.324-p dd October 27, 2006

201. Water quality standards in the Republic of Kazakhstan and international standards are presented below. Table 8: List of pollutants and maximum permissible concentrations (MPC) polluting the surface waters of the Republic of Kazakhstan3 Pollutant MPC for MPC for water bodies WHO standard Hazard class fishery water used for supply for drinking bodies drinking and water (mg/dm3) construction water (mg/dm3) Chrome (3+) 0,005 0,5 0,05 3

3 Water quality Standards and Norms in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The regional Environmental Center for Central Asia. 2009 г.

49 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

Pollutant MPC for MPC for water bodies WHO standard Hazard class fishery water used for supply for drinking bodies drinking and water (mg/dm3) construction water (mg/dm3) Chrome (6+) 0,02 0,05 - 3 Ferrum (total) 0,1 - - - Ferrum (2+) 0,005 0,3 - 3 Ferrum (3+) 0,5 - - - Zinc (2+) 0,01 1,0 - 3 Mercury (2+) 0,00001 0,0005 - 2 Cadmium 0,005 0,001 0,003 2 Arsenic 0,05 0,05 0,1 2 Copper (2+) 0,001 1,0 2,0 3 BOD5 3 mg O2/L 3 mg O2/L - Phenols 0,001 0,001 - 4 Oil products 0,05 0,3 - 4 Flourides 0,05 1,5 - 2 Nitrites 0,08 3,3 - 2 Nitrates 40,0 45,0 50 3 Salt ammonia 0,5 - - 4 Cadmium 0,001 - 0,003 2 Sulfates 100,0 - - Cond 4 Magnesium 40,0 - - Cond 4 Manganese 0,01 - - 3 Nickel 0,01 - 0,07 3

Table 8a. IFC/World Bank Environmental Standards for Water Quality & Discharges to Water

IFC/World Bank Guidelines / Standards

IFC Environmental, Health, and Safety General Guidelines

Temperature of wastewater prior to discharge does not result in an increase greater than 3°C of ambient temperature at the edge of a scientifically established mixing zone which takes into account ambient water quality, receiving water use and assimilative capacity among other considerations. For treated sanitary wastewater: pH 6-9 BOD 30 COD 125 Total nitrogen 10 Total Phosphorus 2 Oil and grease 10 TSS 50 Total coliform bacteria 400/100ml

50 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

D.3.3 Soils

202. New sanitary rules were introduced in Kazakhstan following long-term scientific studies. As such, SanPiN (Sanitary Rules and Norms) 2.1.7.1287-03 Sanitary and Epidemiological Requirements for Quality of Water and Soil establishes standards for soils quality in inhabited localities and agricultural lands, and control the observance of the sanitary and hygienic standards during engineering, construction, renewal (technical upgrading and operation of facilities for different purposes that may cause the adverse impact on soil). 203. The main terms related to the chemical contamination of soils are defined by the GOST 27593-88. The basic regulatory documents for control of the soil pollution content is “Standards of the Maximum Permissible Concentrations of the Hazardous Substances, Harmful Microorganisms and Other Biological Materials Being the Soil Pollutants” approved by the Order of the Ministry of Health of the RK No.99 dated 30.01.2004 and the Order of the Ministry of Environmental Protection of the RK No,21P dated 27.01.2004. 204. The maximum permissible concentration (MPC) or allowable permissible concentration (APC) of chemical substances in soil refer to principal criteria for the sanitary assessment of soil contamination by chemical agents. 205. This requirement applies to all land uses and does not differentiate between various land uses. The verification of the MPC of the chemical substances in the soil is based on 4 main nuisance values identified. The Maximum Permissible Concentration for the soil valid in Kazakhstan are shown in the Table below. Table 9: Soil quality standards in the Republic of Kazakhstan 4 Substance Maximum permissible Limiting rate concentration, mg/kg Manganese (gross form)* 1500 According to the general sanitary norms Cupric (flexible form)* 3,0 According to the general sanitary norms Lead (gross form) 32,0 Translocational Zinc (gross form)* 23,0 Translocational Arsenic (gross form) 2,0 According to the general sanitary norms * Due to the absence of these substances in new SanPiN data was taken from the previous document “Standards of the Maximum Permissible Concentrations of the hazardous substances, harmful microorganisms and other biological materials being in the soil pollutants” approved by the Order of the Minister of Health of the RK No.99 dd 30.01.2004 and the Order of the Minister of Environmental protection of the RK No.21P dd 27.01.2004

D.3.4 Noise

206. The sanitary rule regulating on noise level within settlements is SanPiN No. 3.01.035- 97 “Maximum Permissible Noise Levels in Residential and Public Buildings and in Residential Areas”. In addition to establishing acceptable standards, noise levels are generally regulated with respect to sound levels at specific places referred to as "sensitive receptors" such as

4 Source: “Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for air in urban and rural areas, soils and their protection, maintenance of the territories of urban and rural settlements, working conditions and with sources of physical impacts affecting people” dated January 25, 2012.

51 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination schools, hospitals or, in the absence of such facilities, at residential buildings or a given distance from the source of the noise. 207. The maximum permissible noise level is assumed for areas neighbouring on the residential houses, rest areas of the micro-districts and residential groupings, school areas, playgrounds of the preschool after adjustment as follows:  Daytime (0700 – 2300) 55 dB(A)

 Nighttime (2300 – 0700) 45 dB(A)5 208. The IFC also publish noise limits for residential areas which are similar to the Kazakhstan standards with the exception of the timings, with daytime noise being classified as 07:00 a.m. to 22:00 (10:00 p.m.).

Table 10: IFC noise level guidelines

Facility One hour Laeq (equivalent continuous sound level) (dBА) Daytime Nighttime 07:00-22:00 22:00 – 07:00 Residential; institutional; 55 45 educational Industrial, commercial 70 70

209. For workplace noise the following IFC standards are applicable.

Table 11: IFC work environment noise limits Type of work, workplace IFC EHS general guidelines

Heavy industry (no demand for verbal 85 equivalent level Laeq, 8 hours communication) Light industry (decreasing demand for 50-65 equivalent level Laeq, 8 hours verbal communication)

D.3.5 Vibration

210. Construction vibration limits are set by the technical regulations “Requirements for the safety of road construction materials”, Decree No. 1331 of the GRK dated December 21, 2008. 211. The regulations state that the vibration level of the equipment should not exceed 12 decibels and the sound pressure level – 135 decibels in any octave band. 212. The German Standard DIN 4150-3 – Vibration in Buildings – Part 3: Effects on structures provides short term and long term limits for vibration at the foundation for various structures (see Table 12). This standard is considered international best practice and will be followed as part of the Project.

5 https://docs.googLe.com/spreadsheets/d/19FPk9Mwxe122qu07FEb0pOS7fbh8yozQmdpZcArDcPE/ edit#gid=0

52 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

Table 12: Effect of vibration on structures Long term Short term vibration vibration Foundation vibration at a frequency PPV at Type of of PPV at horizontal horizontal structure plane of the 1 Hz -10 10 Hz - 50 50 Hz - 100 plane of the highest floor Hz Hz Hz highest floor (mm/s) (mm/s) (mm/s) (mm/s) (mm/s)

Commercial / From 20 to From 40 to 20 40 10 industrial 40 50

Residential From 5 to From 15 to 5 15 5 buildings 15 20

Historic or From 8 to public 3 From 3 to 8 8 2.5 10 buildings

Source: DIN 4150-3, Structural vibration. Part 3: Effect of vibration on structures. Tables 1 and 3

D.3.6 Health and Safety

213. During the construction phase it is necessary to meet the requirements of SNiP 3.06.04-91 “Construction Safety”. Also there are other regulations such as the «Safety Regulations for Construction, Repair and Maintenance of the Automobile Roads», «Regulations for Safety and Production Sanitary During the Construction of the Bridges and Pipes», that should be followed strictly. During road construction works it is necessary to use the «Safety Instructions» for each construction equipment. 214. Personal protective equipment shall comply with the applicable GOST (special aprons under the GOST 12.4.029, rubber gloves under the GOST 20010, respirator "The Petal” under the GOST 12.4.028, gloves under the GOST 12.4.010, goggles under the GOST 12.4.013 and breathing mask of В type or V with filter, helmets).The site should be kept in safe, clean and good sanitary conditions. The Contractor shall bear the responsibility for clean-up of the site from garbage, construction waste and household rubbish and their removal to the solid waste landfill (SWL). In this regard the Contractor shall be guided by the SNiP No.3.01.016.97 215. In addition, the World Bank Group Environmental Health and Safety Guidelines will be used as a reference for health and safety during construction and operation throughout the whole project. In case, there is a conflict between the national legislation and the World Bank Guidelines the more stringent standard shall be implemented.

D.3.7 Cultural Heritage

216. The main legislative documents on cultural heritage are the followings:  The Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan "About Culture” dated 15.12.2006 No.207- III  The Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan “On Protection and Use of the Historical Cultural Heritage" dated 2.07.1992 No.1488-XII

53 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

 The Land Code of the RK dated 20.06.2003 No.442-II. 217. For the purpose of recording and protection the historical and cultural monuments they are divided into the following categories:  Historical and cultural monuments of international status representing the historical, scientific, architectural, artistic and memorial objects included in the UNESCO World Heritage List;  Historical and cultural monuments of national status representing the historical, scientific, architectural, artistic and memorial objects, having the special significance for the history and culture of the whole country;  Historical and cultural monuments of local significance representing the historical, scientific, architectural, artistic and memorial objects, having the special significance for the history and culture of the region (city of republican status, capital), districts (centres of districts). 218. According to Article 127 of the Land code of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated June 20, 2003 No.442-II construction works without carrying out of archaeological study are connected with risks for the project. 219. According to Article 39 of the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan "About protection and use of objects of historical and cultural heritage". After full archaeological studying of the monuments, located in a zone of road construction and their removal from the State account:  The survey on identification of objects of historical and cultural heritage have to be carried out prior to land acquisition.  In case of detection of the objects having historical, scientific, art and other value, private and juridical persons are obliged to suspend further works and to report about it to authorized body.  Work conducting, which can create threat to existence of objects of historical and cultural heritage is forbidden. 220. Any works, which can expose to danger the existing monuments, are forbidden. The enterprises, organizations, institutes, public associations and citizens in case of identification of archaeological or other objects of historical, scientific and cultural value, are obliged to inform authorized bodies on preservation and use of historical and cultural heritage, and to stop the current works.

D.3.8 Waste

221. The following summarizes the Environmental Code requirements for waste management including the requirements for hazardous waste management. 222. Article 287. 1.Industrial and consumption waste and their types – In terms of hazard, industrial and consumption waste divides into hazardous, non-hazardous and inert. Hazardous waste is the waste that contains one or several of the following substances: 1. explosives; 2. highly inflammable liquids; 3. highly inflammable solid substances; 4. self-inflammable substances and waste; 5. acidifying substances;

54 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

6. organic peroxides; 7. poisonous substances; 8. toxic substances causing long-lasting and chronic disease; 9. infectious substances; 10. corrosive substances; 11. eco-toxic substances; 12. substances or waste giving of flammable gases when put in contact with water; 13. substances or waste which may give off toxic gases when put in contact with the air or water; and 14. substances and materials that may form other materials with one of the above mentioned properties. 2. For the purposes of transport, disposal, storage and dumping, 3 levels of waste hazard are established in accordance with the Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal: 1) Green — index G; 2) Amber — index А; 3) Red — index R. 3. Waste coding takes into account the area of formation, method of storage (dumping), method of disposal or recycling, potentially hazardous components, type of hazard, the industry in which the waste is generated.

Article 288. General Environmental Requirements Applicable upon Management of Industrial and Consumption Waste 1. Individuals and legal entities, whose undertakings generate waste, must implement measures of safe treatment of the waste, comply with environmental and sanitary and epidemiological requirements, and carry out utilization, recycling, neutralization and safe disposal of the same. 3. The places of placement of waste are designated for safe storage of waste for up to three years if the waste is to be recovered or processed, or for up to one year if the waste is to be buried. 5. In cases provided within this Code, waste owners must develop a waste management program in order to ensure a gradual reduction of the volumes. 6. When choosing methods and places for neutralization and placement of waste and selecting individuals and legal entities to carry out the processing, disposal or placement of waste, the waste owners must ensure that the movement of the waste from their source of origin is kept to a minimum. Article 290. Environmental Requirements Applicable upon Planning of Activities Related to Waste Management 1. In the design of facilities the operation of which generates waste, there shall be mandatory to: 1) prepare a waste management program as an integral part of the design document; 2. In the design of residential facilities, industrial enterprises, buildings, premises, facilities and other objects the operation of which generates waste there shall be necessary to provide spaces (sites) for the storage of waste in compliance with the rules, regulations and

55 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination requirements established by the environment protection authority and the government agency for sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population. Article 296. Waste Recording Related to Waste Management 1. The waste owners must keep waste recording (type, quantities and origin of the waste) and collect and keep information on waste’s properties that endanger the environment and (or) human health. 3. The waste owners must keep waste records for a period of five years. 4. The waste owners must on an annual basis submit to the environment protection authority reports on their activities in respect of waste management, in order for this information to be entered into the State Registry of Wastes. Article 289. Hazardous Waste Profile Sheet 1. A hazardous waste profile sheet must be prepared and approved by individuals and legal entities if their undertakings generate hazardous waste. 5. The hazardous waste profile sheet must be registered with the environment protection authority within three months after the waste has been generated. 7. Copies of the registered hazardous waste profile sheets must be issued to the individual or legal entity carrying out transportation of a lot of hazardous waste or part thereof, as well as to each consignee of such lot (or part thereof). 12. A hazardous waste profile sheet must contain the information on precautionary measures to be taken in order to prevent and mitigate the consequences of emergencies that may be caused by the hazardous waste, including those arising in the course of transportation and loading/unloading operations. Article 293. Environmental Requirements Applicable upon Handling Hazardous Waste 1. Individuals and legal entities whose activities generate waste must carry out measures aimed to the prevention or reduction of the formation of waste and/or reduction of the hazard level. 3. The owner of hazardous waste must ensure labelling of packages containing hazardous waste wherein their hazardous properties would be denoted. When transferring such hazardous waste to other persons for a certain period of time, the waste owner must inform them in writing of the waste’s hazardous properties and handling precautions that need be taken. 4. There shall be prohibited to mix hazardous waste with non-hazardous waste, as well as intermix different types of hazardous waste in the course of production, transportation and placement. 5. The placement of hazardous waste must be performed at specifically equipped places pursuant to the requirements set out in environmental permits. Carrying out any other activities at the waste placement site that are not directly related to hazardous waste handling shall be prohibited. 6. Enterprises whose business is to collect, recycle, transport and dispose hazardous waste must develop emergency and accident action plans. Article 294. Environmental Requirements Applicable upon Transportation of Hazardous Waste 1. Formation of hazardous waste and their transportation must be kept to a minimum. 2. Transportation of hazardous waste shall be permitted subject to the following conditions: 1) hazardous waste is packaged and labelled as appropriate for purposes of transportation; 2) hazardous waste is transported in properly equipped transportation means having special signs;

56 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

3) a hazardous waste profile sheet is present along with documentation for transportation and transfer of hazardous waste, with information on the volumes of hazardous waste being transported, purpose of transportation, and place of destination; and 4) safety requirements for transportation of hazardous waste and loading/unloading operations are met.

D.3.9 International conventions and treaties

223. Kazakhstan is a signatory of the following international conventions and treaties related to environment issues. Table 13: International conventions and treaties

No. Convention name Convention description / purposes The Convention on Aims to prevent a danger of extinction of migratory species; 1. Conservation of Migratory implementation of scientific research related to migratory Species and Wild Animals species and their protection.

Convention on International Its aim is to ensure that international trade of wild animals 2. Trade in Endangered Species and plants does not threaten the survival of the species; the of Wild Flora and Fauna agreement provides for varying degrees of protection to (CITES) more than 35,000 species of animals and plants.

Convention on Access to The convention promotes protection of the right of each 3. Information, Public person of present and future generations to live in the Participation in Decision environment favourable for his health and welfare. Each making and Access to Justice Party that signed the present Convention grants the rights in Environmental Matters, regarding access to environmental information, public Aarhus, June 25, 1998 participation in decision-making process and access to justice on the environmental issues according to the provisions of the present Convention.

Convention on the International The Convention sets the rules for the international trade in 4. Trade in Endangered Species endangered species of wild flora and fauna. The trade of of Wild Flora and Fauna these species must be supervised to ensure that (Washington, March 3, 1973) international trade of wild animals and plants does not threaten the survival of the species in the wild and can be permitted only under exceptional circumstances. . UN Convention to Combat The Convention aims to combat desertification and mitigate 5. Desertification the effects of drought through the integrated approach aimed at achievement of sustainable development in affected areas

including the increase of lands efficiency, rehabilitation, preservation, stable and rational use of land and water resources to improve living standards, especially communities.

Convention on Biological The purposes of the Convention are the conservation of 6. Diversity (Rio de Janeiro, June biological diversity, sustainable use of its components and 5, 1992) fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from genetic resources including access to genetic resources and transfer

of relevant technology with the account of all rights for such resources and technology as well as through proper financing.

57 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

No. Convention name Convention description / purposes Convention on Protection of The Convention: 7. the World Cultural and Natural Heritage (Paris, November 16 adopts a general policy which aims to give special 1972): functions to the cultural and natural heritage in public life and to integrate protection of that heritage into the comprehensive planning programs. sets up within its territories, where such services do not still exist, one or more services for protection, conservation and promotion of the cultural and natural heritage develops scientific and technical studies and methods of work, allowing the state to counter dangers that threaten its cultural or natural heritage

Kyoto Protocol to the UN At present the Amendment to Kyoto-2 is not ratified in 8. Framework Convention on the Republic of Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan does not enter Climate Change (Kyoto, the list of the countries of the Appendix B of the Kyoto December 11, 1997) Protocol. The National plan of distribution of quotas for the amount of greenhouse gas emissions for 2014-2015

has been adopted in Kazakhstan. (The resolution of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated December 31, 2013 No.1536). The Kyoto Protocol regulates: Obligations for restriction and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Implementation of policy and measures for increase of the efficiency of use of energy, stable forms of agriculture, protection and improvement of quality of absorbers and stores of greenhouse gases.

UN Framework Convention on The purpose of the Convention is to "stabilize greenhouse 9. Climate Change, May 9, 1992 gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference in the climate

system", in the terms sufficient for natural adaptation of ecosystems to climate change allowing not to pose risks to food production and providing further economic development on a stable basis.

D.4 ADB Safeguard Policies

224. The ADB has three safeguard policies that seek to avoid, minimize or mitigate adverse environmental impacts and social costs to third parties, or vulnerable groups as a result of development projects6. Safeguard requirements 1: Environment

225. The purposes are to ensure the environmental soundness and sustainability of projects, and to support the integration of environmental considerations into the project

6 ADB. 2009. Safeguard Policy Statement, Manila

58 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination decision-making process. Environmental safeguards are triggered if a project is likely to have potential environmental risks and impacts. Eleven “Policy Principles” have been adopted as part of the SPS, including: 1. Use a screening process for each proposed project, as early as possible, to determine the appropriate extent and type of environmental assessment so that appropriate studies are undertaken commensurate with the significance of potential impacts and risks. (The Project was initially screened by the ADB and classified as a Category B project) 2. Conduct an environmental assessment for each proposed project to identify potential direct, indirect, cumulative, and induced impacts and risks to physical, biological, socioeconomic (including impacts on livelihood through environmental media, health and safety, vulnerable groups, and gender issues), and physical cultural resources in the context of the project’s area of influence. Assess potential transboundary and global impacts, including climate change. Use strategic environmental assessment where appropriate. (The IEE herewith provides the environmental impact assessment for the project, including climate change assessment. Transboundary impact is not applicable). 3. Examine alternatives to the project’s location, design, technology, and components and their potential environmental and social impacts and document the rationale for selecting the proposed particular alternative. Also use the no action alternative. (Alternatives have been considered, including the ‘no action’ alternative in Section C.7 – Alternatives) 4. Avoid, and where avoidance is not possible, minimize, mitigate, and/or offset adverse impacts and enhance positive impacts by means of environmental planning and management. Prepare an environmental management plan (EMP) that includes the proposed mitigation measures, environmental monitoring and reporting requirements, related institutional or organizational arrangements, capacity development and training measures, implementation schedule, cost estimates, and performance indicators. Key considerations for EMP preparation include mitigation of potential adverse impacts to the level of no significant harm to third parties, and the polluter pays principle. (An EMP has been prepared for the Project and is outlined in detail in Section F - Environmental Management Plans and Institutional Requirements). 5. Carry out meaningful consultation with affected people and facilitate their informed participation. Ensure women’s participation in consultation. Involve stakeholders, including affected people and concerned nongovernment organizations, early in the project preparation process and ensure that their views and concerns are made known to and understood by decision makers and taken into account. Continue consultations with stakeholders throughout project implementation as necessary to address issues related to environmental assessment. Establish a grievance redress mechanism to receive and facilitate resolution of the affected people’s concerns and grievances regarding the project’s environmental performance.(Consultations were held in Aktobe region to discuss environmental issues, the findings of the consultations (and a description of the grievance redress mechanism) are presented in Section G - Public Consultation, Information Disclosure and Grievance Mechanism) 6. Disclose a draft environmental assessment (including the EMP) in a timely manner, before project appraisal, in an accessible place and in a form and language(s) understandable to affected people and other stakeholders. Disclose the final environmental assessment, and its updates if any, to affected people and other stakeholders. (This IEE and its EMP have been disclosed on the ADB web-site) 7. Implement the EMP and monitor its effectiveness. Document monitoring results, including the development and implementation of corrective actions, and disclose monitoring reports. (The IEE and its EMP outline a plan to monitor the implementation of the EMP and the institutional responsibilities for monitoring and reporting throughout the Project lifecycle: Section F.2 - EMP Institutional Responsibilities)

59 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

8. Do not implement project activities in areas of critical habitats, unless (i) there are no measurable adverse impacts on the critical habitat that could impair its ability to function, (ii) there is no reduction in the population of any recognized endangered or critically endangered species, and (iii) any lesser impacts are mitigated. If a project is located within a legally protected area, implement additional programs to promote and enhance the conservation aims of the protected area. In an area of natural habitats, there must be no significant conversion or degradation, unless (i) alternatives are not available, (ii) all benefits from the project substantially outweigh the environmental costs, and (iii) any conversion or degradation is appropriately mitigated. Use a precautionary approach to the use, development, and management of renewable natural resources. (No critical habitats have been identified that would be significantly impacted by the Project) 9. Apply pollution prevention and control technologies and practices consistent with international good practices as reflected in internationally recognized standards such as the World Bank Group’s Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines. Adopt cleaner production processes and good energy efficiency practices. Avoid pollution, or, when avoidance is not possible, minimize or control the intensity or volume of pollutant emissions and discharges, including direct and indirect greenhouse gases emissions, waste generation, and release of hazardous materials from their production, transportation, handling, and storage. Avoid the use of hazardous materials subject to international bans or phase-outs. Purchase, use, and manage pesticides based on integrated pest management approaches and reduce reliance on synthetic chemical pesticides. (The IEE and its EMP outline specific mitigation and management measures to prevent and control pollution: Section F – Environmental Management Plans and Institutional Requirements. No pesticides will be used during the Project implementation) 10. Provide workers with safe and healthy working conditions and prevent accidents, injuries, and disease. Establish preventive and emergency preparedness and response measures to avoid, and where avoidance is not possible, to minimize, adverse impacts and risks to the health and safety of local people. (The IEE and its EMP outline the requirement for specific health and safety plans and emergency response plans: Section F - Environmental Management Plans and Institutional Requirements.) 11. Conserve physical cultural resources and avoid destroying or damaging them by using field surveys that employ qualified and experienced experts during environmental assessment. Provide for the use of “chance find” procedures that include a pre-approved management and conservation approach for materials that may be discovered during project implementation. (No physical or cultural resources have been identified that would be significantly impacted by the Project. A chance find procedure is provided in Section E.9.4 – Physical and Cultural Resources)

Safeguard requirements 2: Involuntary resettlement

226. The purposes are to avoid involuntary resettlement wherever possible; to minimize involuntary resettlement by exploring project and design alternatives; to enhance, or at least restore the livelihoods of all displaced persons in real terms relative to pre-project levels; and to improve the standards of living of the displaced poor and other vulnerable groups. The safeguard requirements underscores the requirements for undertaking the social impact assessment and resettlement planning process, preparing social impact assessment reports and resettlement planning documents, exploring negotiated land acquisition, disclosing information and engaging in consultations, establishing a grievance mechanism, and resettlement monitoring and reporting. 227. The involuntary resettlement requirements apply to full or partial, permanent or temporary physical displacement (relocation, loss of residential land, or loss of shelter) and

60 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination economic displacement (loss of land, assets, access to assets, income sources, or means of livelihoods) resulting from (i) involuntary acquisition of land, or (ii) involuntary restrictions on land use or on access to legally designated parks and protected areas. Resettlement is considered involuntary when displaced individuals or communities do not have the right to refuse land acquisition that results in displacement. A land acquisition and resettlement plan (LARP) has been prepared for the Project / Social due diligence report for the construction of Dossor bypass (km 799 A-33 and km 507 A-27) has been prepared for the ADB. Safeguard requirements 3:Indigenous people

228. The purpose is to design and implement projects in a way that fosters full respect for Indigenous Peoples’ identity, dignity, human rights, livelihood systems, and cultural uniqueness as defined by the Indigenous Peoples themselves so that they (i) receive culturally appropriate social and economic benefits, (ii) do not suffer adverse impacts as a result of projects, and (iii) can participate actively in projects that affect them. (The Project does not involve impacts to Indigenous Peoples and therefore no further actions relating to this safeguard are required).

61 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

E. Description of the Environment

229. This section of the report describes the existing environmental and social conditions within the project area. The section is divided into the following headings: (i) Physical resources (air quality, hydrology, topography, etc.); (ii) Environmental resources (flora, fauna, protected areas); (iii) Economic resources (infrastructure, land use, etc.); (iv) Social and cultural resources (health, education, noise, cultural resources, etc.)

230. The potential impacts of the project on its surrounding physical and biological environments include air and water quality impacts, noise generation, land transformation and changes to soil. These are expected to reduce with the increased distance from the project facilities, affecting more the areas located closer, up to one kilometer, to the project alignment. For this, a study area of one kilometer around the site was delineated, to assess the baseline conditions in the areas likely to be affected by the project due to its proximity to the project site. This is referred to as the Project Area in this report. E.1 Physical resources

E.1.1 Topography and geology

Regional context 231. Atyrau region is located in the west part of the Republic of Kazakhstan and borders with Astrakhan region of the Russian Federation in the west; West-Kazakhstan region in the north and northeast; Aktobe region in the east (there is an architectural monument “Alyp-Ana” on the border of Aktobe and Atyrau regions); Mangistau region and the Caspian Sea in the south.

Local context 232. The project road runs along the territory of the Caspian lowland - the surface of the ancient relief formed during the long history of geological development. Geomorphologically, the project area is a weakly undulating, rarely undulating accumulative plain. According to the scheme of geological zoning of the West Kazakhstan territory (geology of the USSR, volume XXI West Kazakhstan M. 1970) Pre-Caspian basin (south part of Atyrau region) is composed of marine, alluvial-marine (upper quaternary) deposits. (Note: the ancient name of the Caspian Sea is Khvalyn Sea. Thus, the name Khvalyn deposits means marine deposits). 233. Lithologically, marine quaternary formations are represented by sand, clay and sand sediments and clay. Alluvial deposits are represented by a variety of sands, sandy loams. loams, clays and gravel. 234. Appendix B – Environmental Setting clearly illustrates the flat nature of the topography in the project area.

62 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

Picture 7: Topography of Kazakhstan

Project Road

E.1.2 Soils

235. The main physical and geological processes that have formed the modern appearance of the work area are deflationary and accumulative processes. Deflationary processes are caused by wind and are mainly observed within the areas composed of aeolian sands. Dry climate, mainly sandy deposits create favorable conditions for sandy material spreading or re- deposition. 236. The closed lowlands in the relief, the poorly permeable soils, quite close occurrence of waterproof rocks on the one hand, and domestic and industrial sewage, leakages from water bearing utilities, plant watering and the absence of storm water drainage on the other hand facilitate the territory flooding process. Secondary salinization is developed in areas of ground water discharge to lower parts of the relief. 237. Loam, sandy loam, sandy and clay soils take part in the geological structure of the work site at the explored depth up to 4.0 meters. 238. Geomorphologically, the design area is a raised surface alternating flat slopes and wide flat plains with a general lowering of the relief at the exit to the plateau. The geological structure of the design area includes sedimentary Sarmatian and partly Pontian deposits. The Sarmatian deposits of Miocene are represented by flag-like limestones, with interlayers of oolitic and shell limestones and flag-like marls. 239. Pontian deposits of the lower Pliocene are represented mainly by shelly limestones, detrital rocks, with interlayers of marl and less frequently of clay. The quaternary deposits cover almost the entire territory with the cover from the first meters (positive landscape forms) to the first tens of meters (in valleys and depressions). Genetically the quaternary deposits are alluvial, proluvial, eluvial and deluvial formations, lithological variety of sands (from dusty to gravel), sandy loam, loam and clay.

63 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

240. The gray-brown desert soils, very poor in humus are extensive in the region. Humus horizon in them is underdeveloped, and the soil mantle is almost unformed. Due to the low rainfall and high evaporation brown earth and gray soils are calcareous from the surface. Vegetation cover is rare, desert type and represented by Anabasis salsa and sagebrush Anabasis salsa associations. 241. Soils. The surface of the relief is slightly dissected, gently undulating with a small overall slope. Absolute elevations vary within (-28) 90 m. 242. Weakly formed brown desert soils and gray soils are typical for this area. The soil layer does not exceed 5-10 cm. Soils, normally, are saline. The most saline soils are soils of salt- affected pits. The amount of water-soluble salts in their surface layer reaches 15-20% of the soil weight and usually decreases sharply with depth. In terms of salt composition, they are either chloride-sulfate or carbonate-hydrocarbonate. 243. All soils are saline and have sulfate aggression in relation to concretes of normal density. The total area of land allocated for road construction is 23.2 ha. The top soil layer of 42487 m3 will be removed and used for rehabilitation. Appendix G contains the letters of agreement from the Forestry and Wildlife Committee. 244. Common minerals (crushed stone, bitumen, etc.) are required for construction works. No construction materials are to be extracted. Raw materials are supplied by third parties from local manufacturers. The specific nature of the planned activity (during construction and operation phase) excludes direct impacts on the geological environment and subsoil.

E.1.3 Hydrology

245. The hydrology of the project area is described in terms of surface and ground water hydrology. 246. Surface waters - there are no surface water sources in the territory of the project activities. Temporary watercourses occur only during heavy rainfall or heavy snowmelt. 247. The hydrographic network in Makat district is practically undeveloped. Surface water resources are represented only by the flow of Sagiz River from Aktobe region, as well as by the local flow of small temporary watercourses, small rivers of the second and third level. 248. Sagiz River enters its lower reaches, losing in Tenteksor. Its valley in this section is unclear, its slopes are not very gentle and merge inconspicuously with the surrounding area. The riverbed is very winding. Sagiz River has not had a permanent flow for 11 months throughout the area (about 30 km). The distance from the project site to Sagiz River is 40.5 km (Picture 8). The distance to the Caspian Sea is over 60 km. 249. All of these areas and subareas are characterized by some degree of completeness of the hydro-geological section and represent a multilayer water-bearing system with numerous aquifer series and complexes. In this case, one of them is limited to the contour of one area or even a separate part of it, while the others in the largest stratigraphic range (aquifer series and aquifer levels) are kept within the entire area under consideration or for most of it. Taking into account the mature types of the hydrogeological section, five aquifer levels have been identified here. 250. Ground waters are available at depths of 1.3-2.5 m. The waters are salty and water mineralization is 26.8-28.9 g/l. Water with sulphate content (2904-4436 mg/l) is strongly aggressive to concretes on Portland cement and slightly aggressive to concretes on sulphate- resistant cement. In terms of chloride content (21476-25600 mg/l) it is strongly aggressive to reinforced concrete structures.

64 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

Picture 8. Distance from the project site to surface water

251. The source of water supply for the project site is delivered water. When planning the project territory, construction water will be used for soil watering and dust control. The method of drainage of surface water flowing during rain and snowmelt is acceptable, by the planned surface outside the site in low places of relief. 252. During the construction of the project site, drinking bottled water will be used to meet the drinking needs of employees. Picture 9: Main river basins of Kazakhstan

Project road

Source: Kazakhstan Environmental Newsletter 2017. Ministry of Energy of the RK and Kazgidromet (Environmental monitoring department)

65 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

E.1.4 Seismicity

253. The survey of seismic zoning of the future road, specified in the IEE, defines the entire area as “non-seismic”. Area seismicity is 62 points according to SP RK 2.03-30-2017.

E.1.5 Air quality

254. National Context. Air quality monitoring in Kazakhstan was conducted at 146 monitoring stations (including 56 stationary ones) in 49 cities and towns in 2017. Among pollutants monitored on the stationary stations are dust, PM-2.5, PM-10, dissolved sulfates, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen oxide, ground-level ozone, hydrogen sulfide, phenol, hydrogen fluoride, chlorine, hydrogen chloride, hydrocarbons, ammonia, sulfuric acid, formaldehyde, methane, arsenic compounds, cadmium, lead, chromium, copper, benzene, benzopyrene, beryllium, manganese, cobalt, zinc, and gamma radiation. 255. Air quality is assessed based on the results of analysis and handling of air samples taken at monitoring stations. The main quality criteria are the maximum permissible concentrations (MPC) of pollutants in the air of residential areas. 256. Local Context. Background natural and climatic conditions of the location area of the project site are characterized by an active wind regime, low repeatability and short duration of the calm and surface temperature inversion. Such meteorological conditions have a significant impact on the activation of transfer and dispersion of pollutants entering the atmosphere from anthropogenic sources. 257. For the analysis of air condition, the data of the Newsletter "About the Environment of the Republic of Kazakhstan" for the 1st half of 2019 for Kulsary town are used. Air condition monitoring was made at 1 stationary post the nearest to the work place – Kulsary town. 258. Air pollution in the town was assessed as high level, it was determined by the Standard Index equal to 9 (high level) for nitrogen dioxide and the frequency=0%. Average concentrations amounted to PM (dust) - 2.5 MPC, ozone (ground-level) - 1.2 MPC, other pollutants have not exceeded the MPC. 259. Maximal one-time concentrations measured for nitrogen oxide – 1.85 MPC, nitrogen dioxide – 9.3 MPC, PM (dust) – 1.1 MPC, hydrogen sulfide – 3.5 MPC, ammonia – 7.3 MPC, other pollutants have not exceeded the MPC. 260. Air quality monitoring in Kulsary town: Air pollutant monitoring was conducted in Kulsary in 3 locations (sampling point No.1 – railway station area from “Tengizchevroil” LLP side, sampling point No.2 – town center area near to main post office, sampling point No.3 – at the entrance to and exit from the town). Among pollutants monitored were PM-10, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen oxide, hydrogen sulfide, phenol, hydrocarbons (C12-C19), ammonia, formaldehyde and methane. 261. The maximum concentration of PM-10 at points 1, 2, 3 was within 2.0 MPC. According to the monitoring data, concentrations of other pollutants were within the permissible limits.

66 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

Table 14: Maximum concentrations of pollutants according to the monitoring data in Kulsary town

Sampling points No. Pollutants No.1 No.2 No.3 qm mg/m3 qm/MPC qm mg/m3 qm/MPC qm mg/m3 qm/MPC 1. PM-10 0.6 2 0.6 2 0.6 2 2. sulfur dioxide 0.039 0.078 0.064 0.128 0.068 0.136 3. carbon monoxide 1.36 0.27 1 0.2 1 0.2 4. nitrogen dioxide 0.039 0.195 0.037 0.185 0.027 0.135 5. nitrogen oxide 0.026 0.065 0.028 0.07 0.077 0.192 6. hydrogen sulfide 0.006 0.75 0.005 0.63 0.003 0.375 7. phenol 0.003 0.3 0.003 0.3 0.003 0.3 hydrocarbons 8. 2 - 2 - 2 - (C12-C19) 9. ammonia 0.023 0.115 0.025 0.125 0.019 0.09 10. formaldehyde 0.005 0.1 0.006 0.12 0.006 0.12 11. methane 2.71 - 3.29 - 3 -

262. Project area context - In addition to the above, baseline air quality monitoring has been undertaken in the project area in June 2020 to assess further the actual conditions within the project area. A national company was provided with a scope of works to undertake air quality monitoring in two locations within the project corridor, at the start of the road and end of the road, also within the borrow pit No.1 and No.2 area (The measurement reports are provided by the Appendix J). Table 15: Baseline air quality monitoring results Measuring station Measurement results, mg/m3 No. (Sampling point) SO2 NO2 PM CO 1. Start of the road construction site 0,011 0,011 0,009 1,221 2. End of the road construction site 0,011 0,011 0,009 1,217 3. Borrow pit No.1 territory 0,013 0,015 0,011 1,348 4. Borrow pit No.2 territory 0,012 0,012 0,011 1,359 National standard* 0,5 0,2 0,5 5,0 IFC standard 0,5** 0,2*** - -

263. The results, which provide a ‘snapshot’ of the air quality in the project area on this particular day of the year show that air quality is well within the guidelines limits set by the IFC and well below national standards limits for all parameters. 264. Given the very low levels of SO2, NO2, dust and CO measured in the project area it is considered highly unlikely that the traffic volumes on the new road would contribute to significant degradation air quality in the project area. In addition to this, the quality of fuels and engine performance in the future is only likely to improve, which would further limit the impacts of air emissions from road traffic in the future. At the moment other factors with a high risk of air quality deterioration are not identified within the project area. 265. Chemical composition of precipitation in Atyrau region. Monitoring of the chemical composition of precipitation consisted in sampling rainwater at 3 weather stations (hereinafter - WS) (Atyrau, Ganushkino, Peshnoy).

67 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

266. The concentrations of all defined pollutants in precipitation did not exceed the MPC, except for cadmium. The concentration of cadmium exceeded the permissible concentration in precipitation samples taken at WS Peshnoy, it was 2.56 MPC. There were hydrogen carbonates 23.88%, sulphates 34.13%, chlorides 11.45%, calcium ions 14.27%, and sodium ions 7.71% in precipitation samples. The highest total mineralization was recorded on WS Peshnaya - 337.59 mg/l, the lowest on WS Ganushkino - 59.25 mg/l. 267. The specific electrical conductivity of precipitation was within the limits from 96.04 (WS Ganushkino) to 569.32 µS/cm (WS Peshnoy). The acidity of precipitations had the character of neutral and weakly alkaline environment, it was within the limits from 6.83 (WS Ganushkino) to 7,83 (WS Atyrau). 268. Chemical composition of snow cover for 2018-2019 in Atyrau region. Snow cover monitoring conducted at 2 weather stations (Peshnoy, Ganushkino). 269. The concentrations of all defined pollutants in snow did not exceed the MPC. There were hydrogen carbonates 47.33%, sulphates 14.13%, chlorides 8.48% and calcium ions 15.90% in precipitation samples. 270. The highest total mineralization was recorded at WS Peshnaya - 72.35 mg/l, the lowest at WS Ganushkino - 20.83 mg/l. The specific electrical conductivity of precipitation was within the limits from 34.2 (WS Ganushkino) to 101.1 µS/cm (WS Peshnoy). The acidity of precipitations had the character of weakly alkaline and neutral environment and it was within the limits from 5.99 (WS Ganushkino) to 6.36 (WS Peshnoy).

E.1.6 Climate

271. The climate is strongly continental, arid. Summer is dry, long and hot. Winter is snowless, cold, lasting 4 months. Average temperature in the coldest period (January) is - 8.1°C. The lowest temperature is -38°C. 272. Average temperature of the coldest five-day period with reliability of 0.98 is -28°C; with reliability of is 0.92 is -25°C. Summer is dry and hot. The highest temperatures are in June- August. Average temperature in the hottest period is +32.1°C. The highest temperature is +43°C. Autumn and spring are short, often dry. 273. Average height of snowfall during winter is 10-11 cm. Maximum height is 33 cm. Minimum height is 0.3 cm. Average depth of soil freezing: for sand - 1.50m. for loam - 1.30m. Monthly average long-term air temperature data are taken from Atyrau weather station.

Table 16. Monthly and yearly average air temperature (С0) Month Average temperature I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII (C) -9.6 -8.7 -1.5 9.6 18.2 23.4 25.7 23.7 16.8 8.2 0.4 -5.6 8,4

Table 17. The highest air temperature (С0) Month Average temperature I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII (C) 7 15 23 32 37 42 45 45 37 29 19 12 45

68 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

Table 18. The lowest air temperature (С0) Month Average temperature I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII (C) -38 -38 -32 -12 -4 4 8 4 -6 -3 -30 -38 -38 Monthly average freezing temperature is - 28,9 С0

Table 19. Average precipitation (mm) Month Year III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII XI -III IV- X 20 18 19 28 18 14 14 16 18 29 114 122 236

274. Precipitation is the major factor for ground water supply. Yearly precipitation ranges from 114 to 122 mm with average annual precipitation 236 mm. Maximum precipitation is during cold season. Less distinct maximum is in August - September. 275. Number of days with unfavorable weather conditions: with hail – 0.4; with fog – 41; with thunderstorm – 13; with snowstorm – 8. The highest ten-day period of snow cover height with reliability of 5% is 35 cm. Table 20. Frost-free period duration Frost date Latest First Frost-free period duration Average Latest Average Earliest Average Longest 19.IV 11.V 9.X 17.IX 112 127

276. Average annual wind speed is 5.5 m/s. Maximum speed of the prevailing winds can reach 28 m/s. Number of windy days with speeds more than 10 m/s is 30.7. Average annual days with sandstorm are 16. Table 21. Frequency of wind directions and calm (%) Year N NE E SE S SW W NW Calm 11 12 14 16 1 12 14 14 9

Climate change

277. According to the World Bank climate change projections suggest an increase of the average expected mean annual temperature of 1.4°С by 2030, 2.7°С by 2050, and 4.6°С by 2085 in Kazakhstan. By mid-century, winter and spring precipitation is projected to increase by 9 % and 5 %, respectively which could lead to increased agricultural potential. The frequency of forest and steppe fires is expected to increase due to global warming. These fires could damage considerable areas of agricultural lands and also would have an indirect impact on population health by raising smoke concentrations in the air. Climate change is projected to significantly influence Kazakhstan’s water resources, exacerbating existing water shortages and placing greater pressures on agricultural activity. However, any increased glacial melt is unlikely to lead to hydrological impacts to the project due to its distance from the mountains. In terms of climate change impact, more extreme temperatures will add to road deterioration,

69 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination which has already happened in Kazakhstan, where truck travel has to be limited on hot summer days when the asphalt softens7. There is a lack of reliable data, information and analysis on the impacts of climate change on the Caspian Basin8, particularly its impact on water level fluctuations and related social, environmental and economic consequences. E.2 Environmental resources

E.2.1 Flora

Regional context 278. More than 6,000 species of vascular plants are found in Kazakhstan, along with 5,000 species of fungi, 485 species of lichens, 2,000 species of algae, and 500 species of bryophytes. Among the vascular plants, 14% are endemic to Kazakhstan. 279. Atyrau region, Makat district - the surveyed territory is included into the seaside semi- desert zone with its soil and plant complexes. The main plants here are biyurgun, wormwood, boyalyk and tetyr. They usually grow as pure thickets, or form complexes. With the reduction of their cover density to 30%, desert lichens become widespread. The vegetation cover of the territory is characterized by poor flora and low level of biological diversity, which is caused by severe natural conditions. 280. Local context. Desert vegetation of the region, formed and developed in harsh natural conditions - arid climate, long aridity during the vegetation period, large amplitudes of temperature fluctuations, primarily characterized by a relatively low degree of species diversity with a predominance of xerophilous species. 281. Another, no less important feature is the predominance of halophilous semishrubs and dwarf semishrubs in the vegetation cover due to soil salinity and close occurrence of mineralized ground waters. 282. In addition, micro-relief features and the associated redistribution of precipitation are the main reasons for the complexity of the vegetation of these areas and the uniqueness of its structure. 283. The vegetation cover of northern deserts is dominated by wormwood community, in particular: - Artemisia lerchiana and A. semiarida dominate on loamy and sandy loamy slightly saline brown soils; - A. pauciflora - on saline soils; - The saline vegetation is dominated by species of saline habitats: kokpek, sea lavender, sea blite, camphorosma, biyurgun, ostets and others. The vegetation of the described area is represented mainly by pelitophytic of the Caspian biyurgun (Anabasis salsa) and wormwood (Artemisia lerchiana) phytocoenosis, in some places blackwood (Artemisia pauciflora) and annual saltwort (Climacoptera brachiata, Salsola foliosa) communities. None of these species are included in rare or endangered species listed in the Red Book.

7 Kazakhstan – Overview of climate change activities. October 2013, World Bank. 8 State of the environment on the Caspian Sea. Report by the Interim Secretariat of the Framework Convention for the protection of the marine environment of the Caspian Sea and the Project coordination management department “CaspEco”, 2011

70 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

284. Thus, the regional features of soil and vegetation cover are: I. low humus content and small capacity of humus soil; II. wide development of soil erosion, salinization and alkalization processes; III. poor flora and peculiarity of vegetation cover structure, and its sparseness; IV. xerophyte character of vegetation, halophytes wide spreading.

E.2.2 Fauna

Regional context 285. The fauna of Kazakhstan includes 178 species of mammals, 489 species of birds and 117 species of fish. An estimated 6,000 species of vascular plants are found in Kazakhstan. This high biodiversity results from the combination of faunas and floras of different biogeographical origins. The diverse and threatened large mammal fauna includes Saiga antelope, wild sheep and goats, and their predators, including wolf and snow leopard. Populations of vulnerable species — such as Saiga, Caspian seal, Caspian sturgeon, and migratory birds — undertake large-scale annual movements that increase their exposure to risks from anthropogenic and climatic factors. Project context 286. The animal world is poor on the construction area and it is represented by mammals, reptiles, arachnids and insects. Part of the territory from the north, south and east is inhabited mainly by rodents, small predators and xerocolous birds. 287. There is fauna of the steppe and desert zone. Among mammals the most common rodents are gophers, hamsters, voles, hares and jerboa. Many turtles, lizards, snakes, spiders. Among birds nest eagles, harrier, kestrel, larks, sparrow, wild partridge. The main background species is a large gerbil. 288. Insectivores, family of hedgehogs is represented by the eared hedgehogs. In small number, there is another representative of insectivores is small white-toothed shrew, family of shrews. Bats, family of bats is represented by the whiskered bat. Rodents, family of jerboa is represented by jerboa, thick-tailed three-toed jerboa and grey hamsters. 289. There may be a four-lined snake, water snake on the surrounding area. 290. According to the field surveys and confirmation letter from Republican State Enterprise “Atyrau regional territorial inspection of forestry and wildlife of the Committee of forestry and wildlife of the Ministry of Environment, Geology and Natural resources of the RK”, there are no migration routes of wild animals, especially endangered species of plants and animals listed in the Red Book of Kazakhstan within the project area.

E.2.3 Protected areas and IBA

291. There are no protected areas and Important Bird Areas (IBA) within 100 km from the project road as shown by the Picture 10.

71 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

Picture 10: Protected areas of Kazakhstan

Project road

E.3 Economic development

E.3.1 Industries and agriculture

292. Atyrau region — one of the largest industrial areas in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The priority directions of the regional economy development are oil and gas industry, building materials production, processing, agro-industrial and fish industries. 293. The hydrocarbon reserves of Atyrau region contain 73% of the country’s total reserves, which determines the long-term specialization of the region. The region is attractive for investments into oil and gas production and activities related to this industry. The current specialization of the region is oil and gas production, production of coke and oil refining products, as well as professional, scientific and technical activities. 294. In January-September 2019 as compared with the same period of 2018 the production of metallurgical industry increased by 2.9 times, chemical industry products by 2.6 times, electrical equipment production by 2.3 times, clothing production by 58.8%. 295. During the period under review there was a decrease in: production of dairy products by 36.1%, processing and preserving of meat and meat products by 26.9%, other non-metallic mineral products by 8.1%, wooden and cork products, except for furniture by 6.9%, petroleum products by 0.5%. 296. Agriculture. Gross output of agricultural products (services) in January-September 2019 amounted to 57674.5 mln KZT, among them: plant production - 24502.0 mln KZT, animal production - 31480.0 mln KZT. Production of the main animal products in January-September 2019 amounted to 10.9 thousand tons.

72 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

297. The number of livestock and poultry in all categories of farms as of September 1, 2019 amounted to 186 745 heads, including: cows – 98 401, sheep – 531 714, goats – 122 977, horses – 88 965, camels – 34 135, pigs – 499, poultry – 401 025. 298. In January-September 2019, 50.3 thousand tons of milk was needed. It was slaughtered in farms or sold for slaughter of livestock and poultry (live weight) - 33.8 thousand tons. Hen eggs were received - 90.7 mln numbers.

E.3.2 Infrastructure and transport

299. There are low voltage power lines and gas pipelines near the village, through which the project road bypasses. The project corridor also generally follows the railway line connecting Aktau, Atyrau and Aktobe. In January-August 2019, the volume of cargo turnover was 43,929.0 mln tons/km, and the volume of cargo turnover was provided by road (15,973.0) and pipeline (27,956.0) transport. 300. Passenger traffic in the reporting period was provided by road transport and amounted to 1,020.6 mln pass/km.

E.3.3 Land use

301. Land plots within the impact area of the bypass construction are included in the state land reserve fund. 302. Based on the decree of Makat District Akimat (State Act No. 001734) 23,200 ha of state reserve land under cadastral number 04-064-007-2482 was allocated for the construction of Dossor bypass way and it was registered (No.590) by Makat District Department of Land Cadastre and Real Estate on 10 September 2019. 303. There are no other buildings or business entities, including unauthorized users on this site. But, there are two large land plots previously used as uncontrolled dumpsite of solid waste. Survey of these sites and clarifications received during public consultations in Dossor village (presentation of Dossor bypass way project) from specialists of the municipal service of Dossor village of Makat district and official confirmation dated 12.07.19 from Makat District Veterinary Department about the absence of burial ground for cattle, burial sites for animals with anthrax, confirm that these areas are actually spontaneous and do not lie deep in soil layers. 304. This fact was taken into account and included into the design certain work quantities on reclamation of these two sites, which fall under construction of “Dossor bypass way”. RSE “State Expertise” issued a positive conclusion No.01-0165/20 dated 30.03.2020 for the construction of bypass way of Dossor village, Makat district of Atyrau region. 305. Due to the implementation of Dossor Bypass construction project, potential impact on one legal entity, which is currently undergoing bankruptcy proceedings, was assessed. The legal entity is not affected by land acquisition since the bypass section passes 20 meters away from the coordinates of the base of this legal entity. 306. Appendix G contains the letters of agreement from the Forestry and Wildlife Committee. 307. The land use for agricultural activities is determined by adverse climatic conditions and the quality of soils and vegetation, and due to these reasons lands are not used for pastures.

73 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

E.4 Social and Cultural resources

E.4.1 Population and communities

308. Atyrau region (until October 9, 1991 it was named Guryev region) - the region within Kazakhstan. The administrative centre is Atyrau city. It has 7 districts and 1 city. The area - 118 631 km² (4,4%, 12th place). 309. The total population of Atyrau region as of the beginning of 2020 was 643 342 people. The density is 5.33 persons/km² 9. 310. In January-August 2019 the number of births was 9 635 people, deaths - 2 168 people. The number of arrivals and departures from the region was 13 479 and 14 655 people respectively. The number of population in Makat district was 30 479 people as of August 1, 2019. Population of Dossor village is about 12 000 people. 311. Morbidity. In January-August 2019 the number of registered cases of respiratory tuberculosis in the region amounted to 271 cases. 312. Criminality. The number of registered criminal offences in Atyrau region for January- August 2019 was 4 363 cases. The level of criminal offences was 103 cases per 10 000 population.

E.4.2 Health and education facilities

313. Education is universal in Kazakhstan and mandatory through to the secondary level, and the adult literacy rate is 99.5%10. The school system is well developed and diversified in both target regions, ranging from pre-schools/kindergarten and primary schools to secondary school types. Higher education facilities include universities (7) and colleges (37). The majority of all higher education opportunities are concentrated in Atyrau. No schools, hospitals or clinics were noted within 1000 meters of the RoW. 314. The multi-storey houses, a medical centre, a school and a railway station were built in Dossor. A mosque, a sport and health centre, a restaurant were constructed and the House of Culture was refurbished for the 90th anniversary of Dossor. 315. Currently, there are 3 hospitals, 2 medical centers, 2 ambulance stations in Makat district, and there are 5 medical facilities, a TB dispensary, and a sanitary-epidemiological station in villages. 316. The company NCOC built a sanatorium-type kindergarten for 100 children in Dossor village, Makat District, as part of the programme for construction of infrastructural and social aimed projects in 2020.

E.4.3 Socio-economic conditions

Economy

317. Labor market and salary. The number of hired workers at the enterprises (organizations)* of the region in the II quarter of 2019 amounted to 225,897 thousand people. In January-August 2019 the average monthly nominal salary of one employee was 321 933 KZT. The number of registered unemployed in August 2019 was 9 844 people, the unemployment rate was 3,0%.

9 Committee on Statistics of the Ministry of National Economy (2019 г.); www.stat.gov.kz 10 http://www.coLLegeatLas.org/kazakhstan-coLLeges-universities.htmL

74 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

318. Living standard. Average per capita nominal monetary incomes of the population according to estimates for January-August 2019 in the region amounted to 195 546 KZT. The minimum subsistence level in August 2019 was 32 291 KZT. 319. Prices: The price index of enterprises-manufactures of industrial products in January- August 2019 as compared with the same period of 2018 amounted to 111.9%. In January- August of this year, prices increased for food (cereals - 2.2%, eggs - 1.8%, confectionery - 1.5%) and non-food products (gasoline - 1.3%, clothing and footwear - 0.1%, rail transport services - 2.8%). 320. Investments. Development of investments to the fixed capital in January-August 2019 amounted to 2,842,943 mln KZT. The dominant sources of investment in January-August 2019 remain own funds of economic entities, which volume amounted to 2,692,893 mln KZT. A significant part of investments to the fixed capital in January-August 2019 was mining industry and quarry excavation amounted to 2,610,906 mln KZT. 321. Construction. 54.5 bln KZT of investments were distributed to housing construction in January-September 2019, which is 58.6% more than in the same period last year. Enterprises and organizations of all kinds of ownership and population built 5 506 apartments with total area of 642.8 thousand sq. meters, which is 16.2% more than in January-September 2018. 322. In January-September 2019 in Atyrau city and two districts of the region the volumes of built housing exceeded the level of January-September 2018: in Atyrau city - by 22.7%, in Zhylyoy - by 38% and in Kurmangazy - by 27.2%. Decrease in volumes of built housing was in Makat - by 58.5%, Makhambet - by 19%, Isatay - by 15.1%, Inder - by 14.6%, and Kyzylkoga - by 0.3%. The largest share in the volume of housing in the region is occupied by Atyrau city (75.9%), Zhylyoy district (11%) and Inder district (3.6%). 323. The main sources of housing construction financing in January-September 2019 are the private entities, where the main share (67.3%) is occupied by the population. The cost of housing construction. Average actual cost of construction of 1 sq. meter of the total area in apartments in January-September 2019 amounted to 152.2 thousand KZT and in residential buildings built by the population - 61 thousand KZT. 324. Small and medium businesses. Output of products (goods and services) by SMEs in January-June 2019 amounted to 1,362.3 mln KZT. The number of registered SMEs as of October 1, 2019 amounted to 58 081 units. Among them, the operating 49161 units. The number of employees in SMEs as of July 1, 2019 amounted to 128.1 thousand people. The share of employed SMEs in the economically active population is 38.4%.

Ethnic groups

325. The population consists the following ethnic groups: Kazakhs – 92.59%, Russians – 5.27%, Koreans – 0.5%, Tatars - 0.36%, others – 1.28% and other minority groups.

Languages

326. Kazakhstan is officially a bilingual country: Kazakh language spoken natively by 64.4% of the population has the status of "state" language, whereas Russian, which is spoken by most Kazakhstan people, is declared an "official" language, and is used routinely in business,

75 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination government, and inter-ethnic communication. Other minority languages spoken in Kazakhstan include Uzbek, Ukrainian, Uyghur, Kyrgyz, and Tatar11.

Religion

327. According to its Constitution, Kazakhstan is a secular state. Religious freedoms are guaranteed by Article 39 of Kazakhstan's Constitution. Article 39 states: "Human rights and freedoms shall not be restricted in any way”. According to the 2009 Census, 70% of the population is Muslim, 26% Christian, 0.1% Buddhists, 0.2% others (mostly Jews, and 3% Irreligious12.

E.4.4 Physical and cultural resources

328. Specially protected natural areas and cultural and historical monuments are located within the territory of Atyrau region:  In Kurmangazy district - Novinskyi State Nature Reserve (zoological), the area is 45 000 ha. In the water area of the northern part of the Caspian Sea with deltas of rivers Ural and Kigach - State Reserve of the northern part of the Caspian Sea, the area is 662 630 ha.  In the city of Atyrau and Makhambet region - State Natural Reserve "Akzhaiyk", the area is 111 500 ha. There are no specially protected natural areas in the vicinity of the project road. Historical and Cultural Monuments 329. Baibakty Ata Mausoleum is located on 10 km to north of Dossor village. The mausoleum was built in 1997. It consists of tower likes a military helmet. Now in the vicinity of Dossor in the area of Tas Kudyk on the grave of Baibakty, people make pilgrimages and bow to the spirit of the saint. Baibakty Karmysov was born in Zhylyoy district in 1823, died in 1914. For several years, the commander of Baibakty fought with his enemies for his native land. Even among the people, he was called a Holy Batyr. In the last years of his life Baibakty was a mullah. People believe that those who will visit the burial site of Baibakty, in the future life he will be lucky, has bright road and good health. Material: white stone. There is a fence. 330. “Tas Keshu" caravanserai of the ХІІІ-XVIII centuries is located on 38 km to east of Makat village, on the left bank of river Sagiz. “Tas Keshu” Caravanserai served as a guest house for traders and travellers. It is located in the eastern part of Makat village, on the border of Makat, Kyzylkoga, Zhylyoi districts, on the area "Nogai Zholy". A river flows near the palace. One of the sources reports that there was a dam on the river, which according to the legend was built by one of the sons of Genghis Khan, and another source says that it is Asankaigy. 331. The territory of the monument covers 0.2 ha. The total area of the protected zone is 35.8 ha. Among them:  the protected zone area – 15.9 ha;  the building regulation zone area – 19.9 ha.

11 http://www.inform.kz/eng/articLe/2741711 12 Results of the national population census of 2009. Agency of statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan. 2010. Data is taken from the web-site stat.gov.kz on July 20, 2019.

76 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

Picture 11: Baibakty Ata Mausoleum

332. According to the conclusion of the archaeological expertise of "Archaeological Expedition" LLP dated July 10, 2019 No.AEC-168, no objects of historical and cultural heritage were found on the territory of the bypass road construction. Appendix E In the event of any chance finds during any activities, the monuments protection bodies should be notified.

F. Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

F.1 Introduction

333. This section of the IEE describes the project potential impacts and proposes mitigation measures to limit any negative impacts identified. The first items discuss the types and phases of the impacts. The report then presents the impacts and mitigation in detail for the three sections of the Project in the subsections as follows:  Physical Resources - Air Quality and Climate Change - Topography - Soils - Hydrology - Geology and Seismicity  Environmental Resources - Flora - Fauna - Forests and Protected Areas  Economic Development - Industry - Infrastructure and Transports - Land Use - Waste Management  Social and Cultural Resources - Population and Communitites - Health and Education

77 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

- Socio-economic conditions - Physical and Cultural Resources - Noise F.2 Impact Phases

334. The impact assessment and mitigating measures cover the entire cycle of the project activities, from pre-construction to construction and operation and maintenance. There are the project sub-phases as follows:  Feasibility / Design Phase or Pre-construction phase  Construction Phase  Operation Phase

F.3 Types of Impacts

335. The types of impacts that may arise during the project works can be classified as follows:  Direct Impacts - i.e., those directly due to the Project itself such as the impacts to air quality resulting from construction activities, equipment and vehicles. Direct impacts also include the impact of construction expenditures in the local economy.  Indirect Impacts - i.e., those resulting from activities prompted by the Project, but not directly attributable to it. The use of rock and other construction materials, for example, has an indirect impact of increasing the demand for these materials.  Cumulative Impacts - i.e., impacts in conjunction with other activities. A single road improvement may not exert a significant environmental impact, but if several roads are developed in the same area developing a road network the cumulative impact could be more significant.

336. Impacts in all three categories may be either:  Short-term – i.e., impacts which occur during construction and affect land use, air quality and other factors. Many of these impacts, however, will be short-lived and without long-lasting effects. Even the effects of some relatively significant impacts such as borrow pits, for example, may be eventually erased if appropriate mitigation actions are taken. Many potential short-term negative impacts can be avoided or otherwise mitigated through proper engineering designs and by requiring Contractors to apply environmentally appropriate construction methods, or  Long-term – i.e., construction impacts that could, for example, affect regional hydrology and flooding if poor design practices are used.

337. Both short-term and long-term impacts may be either beneficial or adverse. Short-term positive impacts will include, for example, the generation of employment opportunities during construction period. Long-term benefits will include enhanced development opportunities, improved transport services, easier access to commercial and service facilities; faster communications and commodity transport; improved access to markets and growth centers and increased services and commercial facilities.

78 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

F.4 Mitigation Issues

338. Mitigation is recommended through strategic avoidance combined with construction and monitoring. Bid and Contract documents are recommended to specify that a Specific EMP (SEMP) shall be required. The Contractor shall ensure that the SEMP is submitted to the Engineer for review at least 30 days before taking possession of any work site. No access to the site will be allowed until the SEMP is reviewed and approved by the Engineer. F.5 Summary of Impacts

339. The Table 22 provides a summary of the potential project impacts that are discussed in detail under Sections F.6 to F.10.

79 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

Table 22: Summary Impact Table Physical characteristic Biological Socio-economic characteristic characteristic

economic

Soils

Flora

Noise

Fauna

access

Geology

Landuse

Hydrology

Topography

Infrastructure

Naturalhazards

Protected areas

Socio

Cultural heritage

Healthand Safety

Waste management

Educational facilities

Community structure

Climate quality air and Alignment Change D/S D/S D/S D/S D/L D/L D/L D/S Bypass Road D/S D/S D/S D/S D/S Cattle Pass D/L D/L D/L Land Acquisition D/L D/L

Borrow Pit D/L D/S D/S D/S D/S D/L Asphalt Plant / Concrete Batching Plant D/S D/S D/S D/S D/S D/S D/S Construction Camp D/S D/S D/S D/S D/S D/S D/S Storage Area D/S D/S D/S D/S D/S D/S D/S Haul Route D/S D/S D/S D/S D/S Site Clearance D/S D/S D/S D/S D/S D/S D/S D/S D/S D/S D/S Pavement Construction D/S D/S D/S D/S D/S D/S D/S D/S D/S Culverts D/S D/S D/L D/S D/S D/S D/S Earthworks D/S D/S D/S D/S D/S D/S D/S D/S D/S D/S D/S Relocation of Services D/L D/S Increased Traffic D/L D/L D/L D/L D = Direct Impact / I = Indirect Impact S = Short-term Impact (construction phase) / L = Long-term Impact

Potential Positive Impact Potential Low / Medium Impact Potential High Impact

80 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

F.6 Physical Resources

F.6.1 Air Quality

Potential Air Quality Impacts

340. The potential impacts of the project to air quality are described as follows:

Design and Pre-construction Phase 341. The road construction works are generally intermittent and not permanent in a specific site. The works move along the project road as work progresses and as such air quality impacts will be short term in specific locations. However, fugitive emissions will be emitted on a longer-term basis from stationary sources such as asphalt plants. These sites can however be selected prior to construction and be placed in an area where it can cause the least impact on human and environmental receptors.

Construction Phase

342. During construction, air quality is likely to be degraded by operation activities including: (i) Exhaust emissions from the operation of construction machinery (e.g., nitrogen oxides (NOX), sulfur oxides (SOX) and carbon monoxide (CO)); (ii) Open burning of waste materials; and (iii) Dust generated from earthworks and construction activities (soil exploration and excavation, loading and transportation, site grading and soil compaction), exposed soils and stockpiles.

343. Dust is the main air quality problem on the construction sites. Dust is a problem for variety of reasons, as described below: (i) Inconvenience of local people. For example, people may have to re-wash laundry that has been put outdoors to dry, and wash windows, curtains and vehicles. Dust can contaminate meat hanging up in open-air butchers and other food that is exposed to it in homes, shops and open- air restaurants, giving food a gritty texture. (ii) Health and Safety problems. Dust may affect health by irritating eyes and worsening the health of people with asthma. Dust can reduce visibility for drivers on roads. It can also be blown for long distances by the wind. (iii) Crop damage. Even low concentrations of dust can affect plant and fruit growth as far away as one kilometer from a construction site. Plant growth is particularly susceptible to dusts that highly alkaline, for example limestone and cement dust. Dust deposited during light rainfall can cause the soil surface to form a crust increasing run-off. (iv) Impact on environment. Dust blowing onto watercourses may damage environment by increasing sedimentation, reducing sunlight and suffocating fish. It may also affect plant growth and change the species of plants growing in the area. Dust may also damage trees and other vegetation planted as part of the construction contract. (v) Damage to machinery and equipment. Within the construction site, dust can cause mechanical or electrical problems in sensitive equipment such as computers. It can also increase abrasion of moving parts in equipment and clogging of air filters.

344. However, the road construction works associated with the project are generally intermittent and not permanent in a specific site. The works move along the project road as work progresses and

CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination as such air quality impacts will be short term in specific locations. In addition, 100 % of the project road is located in uninhabited rural areas with no agricultural land and pasture. 345. Fugitive emissions will be emitted on a longer-term basis from stationary sources such as quarries, borrow pits and asphalt plants. These sites can however be selected and be placed in an area where it can cause the least impact on human and environmental receptors.

Operational Phase

346. The main source of air pollution during the operational phase will be vehicles moving on the road. The main pollutants are: CO; NOX; hydrocarbons (HC); SO2; carbon dioxide (CO2); and particulate matter (PM). 347. Some of these compounds can damage health and/or the environment. The concentration of pollutants generated by vehicles depends on factors such as the number, type and speed of vehicles. The effect of air pollution on local people depends on the distance between them and the road, wind direction, topography and other factors. The main direct effects are in the area closest to the road as the rapid dispersion and dilution of exhaust gases quickly reduces their concentrations to levels at which risks are minimal. However, given the village far away about 1-2 km and the relatively low population levels within the project corridor, it is unlikely that increased traffic volumes will have significant impacts to residents health in terms of NOx, CO and PAH pollution. 348. In addition, after the project completion, air quality in the village will improve, noise will decrease, the congestion of the village roads by heavy vehicles will decrease, as the road will bypass the village, and also the current levels of PM in areas where the road condition is poor will be reduced. Improved vehicle performance on a new better road surface will also serve to alleviate potential air pollution levels to a modest degree.

Management and Mitigation Actions

Pre-construction Phase

349. To adequately manage air quality impacts the Contractor will be responsible for the preparation of an Air Quality Plan, submitted to the Engineer as part of the SEMP. The plan will detail the actions to be taken to minimize dust generation (e.g. spraying unpaved roads with water (including the equipment types, water sources, locations for watering and schedule, covering stockpiles, etc.) and will identify the type, age and standard of equipment to be used and will also provide details of the air quality monitoring program for baseline and routine monitoring. The Plan will also include contingencies for the accidental release of toxic air pollutants (or shall make reference to the Emergency Response Plan (ERP)). 350. Since locations for base camp, asphalt plant and concrete batching plant are already known and approved, during the pre-construction phase measures have been taken to avoid unnecessary journeys and potential dust issues from vehicle movements during construction works on unpaved roads and in urban areas. Haul routes will be prepared and submitted to the Engineer as part of his Traffic Management Plan (TMP). 351. The Contractor is also responsible for the preparation of a Health and Safety Plan. The Plan, required as part of the SEMP, will include measures to protect workers from dust impacts, e.g. around rock crushing plant, concrete batching plant.

Construction Phase

82 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

352. The Contractor will be responsible through compliance with this EMP and his SEMP for the following: (i) Exhaust emissions - No furnaces, boilers (e.g. at asphalt plant) or other similar plant or equipment using any fuel that may produce air pollutants will be installed without prior consent of the Engineer. Construction equipment will be maintained to a good standard and fitted with pollution control devices regularly monitored by the Contractor and Engineer. (ii) Open burning of waste materials – No burning of debris or other materials will occur on the site. (iii) Dust generated from haul roads, unpaved roads, material stockpiles and etc.: (a) The Contractor will ensure that material stockpiles will be located in sheltered areas and be covered with tarpaulins or other such suitable covering to prevent material becoming airborne. (b) All trucks used for transporting materials to and from the site will be covered with canvas tarpaulins or other acceptable type cover (which will be properly secured) to prevent debris and/or materials from falling from or being blown off the vehicles. (c) Hard surfaces will be required in construction areas with regular movements of vehicles. (d) Effective use of watering will be implemented (e.g. carry out watering for dust control at least 3 times a day: in the morning, at noon and in the afternoon during dry weather with temperatures over 25ºC or in windy weather. Avoid overwatering as this may make the surrounding muddy.) Water used for dust control will be free of odor and pollution. (e) Earthworks operation to be suspended when the wind speed exceeds 20 km/h in areas within 500 m of any community. 353. Emission from on-road and off-road vehicles should comply with national or regional programs. In the absence of these, the following should be considered: (i) Regardless of the size and type of vehicle, owners / operators should implement the manufacturer recommended engine maintenance programs. (ii) Drivers should be instructed on the benefits of driving practices that reduced both the risk of accidents and fuel consumption, including measured acceleration and driving within safe speed limits. (iii) Implement a regular vehicle maintenance and repair programs.

Residual Impact Significance

Construction Phase – MINOR

If the mitigation measures suggested and implemented, the residual impacts of the project will be minor.

Operational Phase – LOW

Air quality during operational phase will not be significantly impacted by the project road.

F.6.2 Climate Change

Potential Impacts Caused by the Project

83 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

354. Climate Change Risk Assessment was prepared by the ADB as part of Aktobe – Makat Reconstruction Road IEE (2015). This document identified the following potential issues and risks which are also relevant to this Project: 1. Change in Temperature: a. Potential deterioration of pavement integrity, such as softening, traffic-related rutting, and migration of liquid asphalt due to increase in temperature (potentially by 4.6 degrees Celsius by 2085 – however, this is far beyond the 20 year lifecycle of the Project). b. Potential corrosion of steel reinforcements in concrete structures due to increase in surface salt levels in some locations resulting from increased evaporation due to increased temperatures. c. Potential for reduced pavement deterioration from less exposure to freezing, snow, and ice. Warmer winters could result in reductions in snow and ice removal costs, extend the construction season and improve the mobility/safety of passenger and freight. 2. Change in precipitation levels: a. Damage to roads and drainage systems due to flooding - more frequent as well as intense and heavy precipitation events can cause immediate damages, undermine road structural integrity, affect the maintenance of roads, bridges and drainage systems. b. Increases in heavy precipitation events/floods will also cause more weather-related accidents due to vehicle and road damages and poor visibility, delays, and traffic disruptions. However, embankments heights are being reduced to limit fatalities and serious injuries caused when vehicles roll off the road. c. Increase in scouring of roads, bridges, and support structures. d. Damage to infrastructure due to increased susceptibility to wildfires.

Management and Mitigation Actions

Design / Pre-construction

355. The following assessments associated with potential climate changes should be undertaken by the designers during the design stage of the Project:  Deterioration of pavement integrity – Assessment should be undertaken to determine if a potential change in temperature to 5°С will require adaption of pavement design (e.g. change in the asphalt binder course or in mineral aggregate).  Corrosion of steel reinforcements in concrete structures – Assess if the use of advanced concrete materials and structures will help improve the durability of concrete infrastructure and their adaptation to climate change  Damage to roads and drainage systems due to flooding – Assessment of 1/50 year flood return period for all bridges and roads embankment and recommend measures to mitigate the flood risks of all planned project roads. Increase capacity of side and cross drains to accommodate more intense floods.  Increase in scouring of roads, bridges, and support structures – Assess designs of piers, abutments and embankments to determine if protection methods (e.g. rip-rap) are required to cope with additional water volumes and increased flow intensity.

Residual Impact Significance

Construction Phase – MINOR

84 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

Operational Phase – LOW/MEDIUM

Residual impacts from the generation of GHGs will remain throughout the lifecycle of the Project. This is an unavoidable consequence of the Project, but more fuel efficient cars may, in the future lead to a decrease in the emissions generated on the Project road.

In addition, consideration of the issues described above by the designers should limit the potential impacts of climate change on the Project in the future.

F.6.3 Soils

Potential Impacts

356. Potential impacts to soils include: (i) Loss of Topsoil - Several impacts to topsoil may occur during the construction phase, including; removal of top soil for construction outside the RoW (e.g. for construction camps); compaction of topsoil (e.g. for the preparation of temporary access roads); loss of top soil by wind and water erosion and covering of top soil by project structures. (ii) Erosion - It is possible, that without adequate protection measures soil erosion could occur on road embankments. It is also possible, that stockpiles of soil located close to surface waters could infiltrate the water courses during heavy rainfall and cause siltation of the rivers. (iii) Borrow Pits – Opening and operating of borrow pits can result in multiple environmental and social impacts, including degradation of production soils, flora and habitat, impacts to air quality, elevated noise levels, etc. The Designers and Contractor have already identified existing and potential borrow pits (see Section B.6.1 – Borrow Pits and Quarries). (iv) Induced Changes - It is possible that construction of the new road could induce development along the corridor to some extent, however land use planning and the procedures for permitting of new developments along the corridor is largely beyond the scope of this project. (v) Contamination due to Spills and Hazardous Materials - Potential soil contamination is a possibility resulting from poorly managed fuels, oils and other hazardous liquids used during the project works.

Management and Mitigation Actions

Design / Pre-construction

357. The Contractor will be responsible for preparation of a Spill Response Plan which will cover measures for the management of accidental spills and leaks of hazardous liquids at all camps and work sites and measures to dispose of any contaminated soils. The plan will be submitted to the Engineer for approval. Implementation of the plan will be monitored by the Engineer. Any spills and leaks, and how they were handled, will be reported in monthly progress reports by the Contractor to the Engineer. The Engineer will also provide periodic monitoring of the Contractors works throughout construction to ensure the plan is implemented effectively. 358. As part of the Contractors Construction Camp Site and Management Plan he shall provide details of how hazardous materials and liquids will be stored and managed at the camp site.

Construction Phase

85 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

359. Potential adverse impacts will be avoided or otherwise mitigated by ensuring the Contractor complies with the following:  Borrow Pits. For existing borrow pits a due diligence review will be carried out by the Engineer to confirm that those sites identified for use by the Contractor are indeed operating or operable in an appropriate manner. This will include review of the borrow pits operational license. The license should clearly show the validity of the operational period of the borrow pit. A copy of the agreement between the operator and the Contractor should also be provided to the Engineer. If the Contractor intends to open a new borrow pit they will require approval from a range of local government institutions including an inter-regional committee of the Region. The NPEIA will need to be prepared by consultants for the owner/operator (the Contractor). In addition, for any new borrow pit to be operated by the Contractor, the Contractor will be responsible for the preparation of a Borrow Pit Action Plan (BPAP). The BPAP will be submitted to the Engineer prior to the start of construction. The plan will identify the locations of all proposed borrow pits which will also be approved by both the Engineer and representatives of the Environmental Department of Atyrau. The plan shall ensure the following:  Pit restoration will follow the completion of works in full compliance all applicable standards and specifications.  Arrangements for opening and using material borrow pits will contain enforceable provisions.  The excavation and restoration of the borrow areas and their surroundings, in an environmentally sound manner to the satisfaction of the Engineer will be required before final acceptance and payment under the terms of contracts.  Additional borrow pits will not be opened without the restoration of those areas no longer in use. The total approval process for a new borrow pit through the Region and District can be lengthy, as such the Contractor is recommended to use existing borrow pits with the existing approvals rather than try to use new sites for the extraction of material.  Erosion - During construction, the Contractor will be responsible for ensuring material that is less susceptible to erosion will be selected for placement around bridges and culverts. In addition, he will ensure re-vegetation of exposed areas including; (i) selection of fast growing and grazing resistant species of local grasses and shrubs; (ii) immediate re-vegetation of all slopes and embankments if not covered with gabion baskets; (iii) placement of fiber mats to encourage vegetation growth. The Engineer and the Contractor will both be responsible for ensuring that embankments are monitored continuously during construction for signs of erosion. These actions and activities will be included in the Contractors Clearance, Re-vegetation and Restoration Management Plan.  Topsoil – To reduce impacts to topsoil the following measures will be employed by the Contractor: locate topsoil stockpiles outside drainage lines and protect stockpiles from erosion; construct diversion channels and silt fences around the topsoil stockpiles to prevent erosion and loss of topsoil; rip ground surface prior to the spreading of topsoil; and remove unnecessary materials from topsoil such as roots of trees, rubble and waste etc. Specifically regarding soil compaction, the Contractor will confine operation of heavy equipment within the RoW, as much as possible, to avoid soil compaction and damage to privately owned land. If in case private lands are disturbed, the Contractor should promptly inform the owner and agree on the ways to remedy the situation.  Conversion of Agricultural Soils due to Indirect/Induced Impacts. Although the EMP contains provisions controlling direct impacts of land takings for both the road and ancillary facilities (asphalt plants, construction camps, etc.), control of the induced impacts is largely beyond the scope of the Project.  Contamination due to Spills and Hazardous Materials. The Contractor, with oversight from the

86 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

Engineer, will ensure that: o All fuel and chemical storage (if any) will be sited on an impervious base within a bund and secured by fencing. The storage area will be located away from any watercourse or wetlands. The base and bund walls will be impermeable and of sufficient capacity to contain 110% of the volume of tank (or one tank if more than one tank is located in the bund). o The construction camp maintenance yard will be constructed on impervious platform with adequate drainage to collect spills, there will be no vehicle maintenance activities on open ground. o Filling and refueling will be strictly controlled and subject to formal procedures. Drip pans will be placed under all filling and fueling areas. Waste oils will be stored and disposed of by a licensed contractor. o All valves and trigger guns will be resistant to unauthorized interference and vandalism and be turned off and securely locked when not in use. o The contents of any tank or drum will be clearly marked. Measures will be taken to ensure that no contaminated discharges enter any soils. o No bitumen drums or containers, full or used, will be stored on open ground. They will only be stored on impervious platform. o Areas using bitumen will be constructed on impervious platform to prevent seepage of oils into the soils.

Residual Impact Significance

Construction Phase – MINOR

If the mitigation measures suggested and implemented, the residual impacts of the project will be minor.

Operational Phase – LOW

The erosion protection measures outlined above will prevent impacts occurring into the operational phase of the project.

F.6.4 Hydrology

Potential Impacts

Pre-construction Phase

360. The following potential impacts to hydrological conditions exist within the project corridor: (i) Drainage and Flooding - Inadequate assessment of the hydrological conditions in the project area and poor design could result in damage to project structures, including bridges and culverts. This in turn would result in several impacts including cost to rebuild the structures, potential flooding of agricultural land and property and impacts to surface water quality. (ii) Construction Camps – Improper siting and design of construction camps can have negative impacts to hydrology, both surface and groundwater, through improper disposal of liquid waste and spills of hazardous liquids.

Construction Phase

87 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

361. No impacts on surface water are expected during construction and operation due to the far location of the site and the absence of discharge into water bodies and ground. 362. Hazardous Liquids - From the construction activities, there will be significant use of fuel and lubricant and other hazardous liquids such as paints. Without standardized materials handling and storage protocol in place, spills and contamination of groundwater and soils is possible. Other impacts to groundwater could occur from the washing out of concrete mixers onto bare soils and a lack of fuel and lubricant interceptor tanks in camp drainage systems, also leakages from wastewater storage and disposal system.

Operational Phase

363. Impacts on groundwater can occur in case of loss-off sewage piping integrity.

Management and Mitigation Actions

Pre-construction Phase

364. Drainage and Flooding - Consideration in the design phase has be given to the issue of drainage and culverts to ensure that drainage patterns are improved from the existing conditions and that increased run-off does not occur or result in flooding of areas previously undisturbed. During design, all drainage works have been designed based on the historical flood data and flood forecasting. A design discharge of 50 years return period is considered for culverts. 365. Construction Camps – As the construction camp location is already defined and known, the Contractor will also be responsible for the preparation of a Construction Camp Site Plan which will form part of the SEMP. The plan will indicate the system proposed and the locations of related facilities in the site, including latrines, temporary storage areas, septic tanks, etc. The Contractor will ensure the following conditions are met within the plan: (i) Wastewater arising on the site will be collected, removed from the site via a suitable and properly designed temporary drainage system and disposed at a location and in a way that will cause neither pollution nor nuisance. (ii) There will be no direct discharge of sanitary or wash water to surface water, including the surface water courses. Disposal of materials such as, but not limited to, lubricating oil and onto the ground or water bodies will be prohibited. (iii) Liquid material storage containment areas will not drain directly to surface water. (iv) Lubricating and fuel oil spills will be cleaned up immediately and spill cleanup materials will be maintained (including spill kits) across the Contractors construction camp and ancillary facilities, e.g. asphalt plant. (v) Construction and work sites will be equipped with sanitary latrines that do not pollute surface waters. (vi) Discharge of sediment laden construction water directly into surface watercourses or wetlands will be forbidden. Sediment laden construction water will be discharged into settling lagoons prior to final discharge. (vii) Spill cleanup equipment will be maintained on site. The following conditions to avoid adverse impacts due to improper fuel and chemical storage: (viii) Fueling operations will occur only within containment areas. (ix) All fuel and chemical storage (if any) will be sited on an impervious base within a bund and secured by fencing. The storage area will be located away from any watercourse and wetland. The base and bund walls will be impermeable and have sufficient capacity to contain 110% of the volume of the largest storage tank / container in the bund. (x) Filling will be strictly controlled and subject to formal procedures and will take place within

88 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

areas surrounded by bunds to contain spills / leaks of potentially contaminating liquids. (xi) All valves and trigger guns will be resistant to unauthorized interference and vandalism and be turned off and securely locked when not in use. (xii) The contents of any tank or drum will be clearly marked. Measures will be taken to ensure that no contaminated discharges fall on soil. (xiii) Disposal of lubricating oil and other potentially hazardous liquids onto the ground or water bodies will be prohibited. (xiv) In case of any accidental spills occur immediate cleanup will be undertaken and all cleanup materials stored in a secure area for disposal. Disposal of such waste will be undertaken by a waste management company contracted by the Contractor. The waste management company must have the required licenses to transport and dispose of hazardous waste before any such waste is removed from the site. The Contractor will keep copies of the company’s licenses and provide waste transfer acts at his camp site for routine inspection by the Engineer.

Construction Phase

366. Construction Camps and Storage Areas – The Engineer will undertake regular monitoring of the Contractors construction camp and storage areas to ensure compliance with the SEMP and the Contractors Construction Camp Site Plan. 367. Site plans will be devised to ensure that, insofar as possible, all temporary construction facilities are located at least 100 meters away from any surface water course. By the Engineer’s requirement, the Contractor will provide a wash pit or a wheel washing and/or vehicle cleaning facility at the exits from the Contractors’ camps. In this regard, the Contractor will ensure that all vehicles are properly cleaned (bodies and tires are free of sand and mud) prior to leaving the site areas. The Contractor will provide necessary cleaning facilities on site and ensure that no water or debris from such cleaning operations is deposited off-site. 368. Earthworks on cutting and removal of the muck layer on the salt-affected areas, for the effective operation of machines and mechanisms, it is desirable to execute in weather conditions closer to freezing of the muck layer or in arid hot season. 369. Drainage and Flooding - During the construction phase the Contractor will be required to construct, maintain, remove and reinstate as necessary temporary drainage works and take all other precautions necessary for the avoidance of damage to properties and land by flooding and silt washed down from the works. If any operation being performed by the Contractor interrupt existing irrigation systems, the Contractors will restore the irrigation appurtenances to their original working conditions within 24 hours of being notified of the interruption. The Contractor will also be responsible for ensuring that no construction materials or construction waste block existing drainage channels within the project corridor. The Engineer will be responsible for routine monitoring of drainage channels to ensure they remain free of waste and debris. 370. During the construction activities, the main measures reducing the negative impact on groundwater:  strictly limiting the number of access roads to construction sites and minimizing the area occupied by construction equipment;  compliance with the construction and traffic schedules to avoid accidents and subsequent contamination;  organized collection of used oils, rags in special containers to prevent hydrocarbons from entering the groundwater through soil;

89 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

 rapid elimination of accidental fuel and lubricant leaks.

Operational Phase

371. During the operational phase of the project, KazAutoZhol will be responsible for monitoring drainage along the road to ensure that it does result in increased run-off and flooding. KazAutoZhol will be responsible for rectifying this issue if it occurs. 372. During routine maintenance, KazAutoZhol shall: (i) perform maintenance paving of the road sections and bridge decks only in dry weather to prevent runoff contamination. (ii) ensure culverts are regularly cleaned to maintain the flow of water in springtime floods. (iii) use staging techniques to reduce the spread of paving materials during the repair of potholes and worn pavement. These can include covering storm drain inlets and manholes during paving operations, using erosion and sediment controls to decrease runoff from repair sites, and using drip pans, absorbent materials and other pollution prevention materials to limit leaks of paving materials and fluids from paving machines. (iv) comply with mitigation measures defined for water protection during construction. (v) remove all waste, material, machinery and tool from the area after completion of works. (vi) reinstate disturbed areas – if necessary.

Residual Impact Significance

Construction Phase – MINOR

If the mitigation measures suggested and implemented, there will be no significant residual impacts to hydrology.

Operational Phase – LOW

No residual impacts are expected during the operational phase.

F.6.5 Natural Hazards

Potential Impacts

373. The project site is not located in a seismically active area.

Management and Mitigation Actions

374. None required.

Residual Impact Significance

Construction Phase – NONE

No residual impacts are expected.

Operational Phase – NONE

90 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

F.7 Environmental Resources

F.7.1 Biological diversity/Flora

Potential Impacts

375. Minor impacts upon habitats and flora in the project area are expected as a result of the road works as the vegetation cover of the territory is characterized by poor flora and low level of biological diversity. Construction activities will cause minor degradation of local ecology through the clearance of areas of vegetation, mostly ground cover at work sites and ancillary sites. No special status flora have been identified within the vicinity of the project road, that maybe adversely affected. 376. During the implementation of design decision, the main factors affecting flora and fauna include the following which operating in limited areas: • mechanical impact during the construction and road activities; • chemical pollution of soil and flora. 377. Human-made disturbances in all types of construction are usually associated with complete destruction of the vegetation cover and transformation of the topsoil. This type of impact has an area nature. 378. The vegetation cover of the territory will be partially transformed during construction. There may also be a transport factor of transformation - mainly with the complete destruction of vegetation along the roads in cases of a disorderly direction of uncovered roads. This factor causes degradation of vegetation cover and ecosystems, resulting in unsustainable anthropogenic modifications of plant communities, simplification of their structure, reduced biodiversity, reduced productivity and loss of resource value of ecosystems. 379. Strong degradation of natural ecosystems is observed with mechanical impacts associated with construction activities. The impact of harmful emissions on vegetation occurs both through their direct impact on vegetation and through indirect impact through soil. Chemical pollution of vegetation during the works will mainly come from vehicles - emissions of nitrogen and carbon compounds. 380. Vegetation adjacent to the construction site will be affected by aerogenic pollution, mainly from hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides, from diesel engines of vehicles. Nitrogen and carbon emissions from vehicles and stationary equipment will be negligible and, given the high rate of dispersion over large areas and the increased wind, will not affect the vital condition of vegetation cover of the territory. 381. There are no rare species or endangered communities requiring special protection in the area. Revegetation starts after the suspension of construction activities directly related to the impact on vegetation, the speed and direction of which will depend on many factors. In uncontaminated areas, the growth of secondary phytocoenosis from erosive species is to be expected the year following the completion of work. Mitigation Measures 382. Mitigation measures for vegetation cover should result in minimizing environmental risk and avoiding changing the highly unstable environmental balance. The most important environmental measures will be: a. application of modern technologies; b. organization and execution of works on prevention of emergency situations; c. planned preventive maintenance and equipment condition survey;

91 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

d. waste collection and disposal. 383. Mitigation measures for vegetation cover should result in minimizing environmental risk and avoiding changing the highly unstable environmental balance. 384. Protection of the vegetation cover during construction works is ensured by strict follow of the work execution procedures and prevention of emergency situations, prompt elimination of consequences if they occur. 385. Considering the weak compensatory capacity of the local flora, extreme natural conditions provide for measures aimed for protecting the vegetation cover in case of mechanical impact, namely, regular maintenance of vehicles, machinery and production equipment and its operation in accordance with the manufacturers' standards. 386. Despite the numerous measures and restrictions envisaged to prevent negative consequences of anthropogenic impact on vegetation and to regulate norms of land allotment for works, experience shows that real violations of vegetation cover in practice often exceed the planned ones. 387. In order to protect effectively soil cover from mechanical impacts and pollution and to minimize their negative consequences, the following measures should be taken: I. all activities related to technological processes is carried out only within the equipped areas, and the passage of transport through off-road is excluded; II. strict compliance with sanitary and hygienic requirements, standards for the storage of fuel and lubricants, waste disposal, storage and transportation of household and technological waste is required. All solid waste is stored in containers for further transportation to landfills; III. ensuring the normal accident-free operation of all production facilities, as well as strict follow the measures provided for by the project to minimize the negative impact on vegetation cover. 388. There are no rare species or endangered communities requiring special protection within the project area.

Residual Impact Significance

Construction Phase – NONE

No residual impacts are expected as long as the recommendations for activities are followed.

Operational Phase – NONE

F.7.2 Biological diversity/Fauna

389. The current state of fauna in the construction area. The animal world is poor and it is represented by mammals, reptiles, arachnids and insects. Part of the territory from the north, south and east is inhabited mainly by rodents, small predators and xerocolous birds. The main background species is a large gerbils. Potential Impacts 390. During the construction period, some animal species will be displaced from the adjacent area due to concerns, while others may have reduced numbers (jerboa, hares, landscape birds, reptiles).

92 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

391. Impacts on fauna during construction activities cause temporary or permanent loss of habitat for animal populations, disturbance and physical damage to living organisms due to increased noise levels, artificial lighting. 392. In assessing the impact of various anthropogenic (human-made) factors, an analysis was made of the impact on fauna of those factors that cause physical changes in the landscape and will cause them during the construction of base camp. These factors include: • acquisition of certain territories for the construction; • excavation and other activities on the construction site; • disturbance factor (presence of people, noise from equipment in operation); • human-made pollution. 393. The impact on fauna is caused by natural and anthropogenic factors. 394. Natural factors include climate conditions characterized by fluctuations in air temperature, intensive deflation processes, etc. The impact of changes in natural conditions affects the number and species diversity of animals. Some animals are displaced and die, while others are exposed to favourable conditions. 395. Anthropogenic factors. Anthropogenic impacts occur in the course of any activity related to the use of natural resources. The strongest and most effective impact of anthropogenic factors is usually felt by reptiles. Members of this group of animals are closely linked to their habitat and are unable to avoid the effects of any external influences through long-distance migrations during extreme situations. The main factors negatively affecting the condition of the animal world are the following: 396. (i) Mechanical impacts Land allocated for the construction of facilities may result in complete extinction of vertebrates and the vast majority of invertebrates in the area. In terms of habitat conversion, it may be negative for some species and positive for others. For example, the creation of embankments, banks, roads, etc. on relatively flat areas of the landscape for animals such as jerboa will have a negative impact. For ground squirrels, such changes are usually positive and once the work is complete, such areas can play an important role in the settlement and expansion of these animals. 397. During the construction, mechanical impacts on animal habitat will occur up to 100 metres away from the linear facility and construction activities will be undertaken within the RoW. Clearance and removal of topsoil as well as movement of heavy machinery during the construction may result in the death of ground invertebrates. The construction activities in these areas may also result in the death of reptiles (pond turtle, sand lizard, snake) that have been identified within the project area. 398. (ii) Disturbance factor The main process negatively affecting the animal world is the “disturbance factor” caused by the presence of working equipment and people. During the construction activities, some species will be displaced from the adjacent area as a result of the disturbance. Noise generated by construction equipment, vehicle emissions, unfamiliar odours and human presence will act as a deterrent to animals, resulting in the relocation of birds and mammals within the construction site. In many cases this is even a positive factor as it will keep animals at a safe distance from equipment and personnel working on the construction sites. 399. The suspension of impacts, depending on their intensity, scale and reversibility, an ecosystem response may result in the restoration of original conditions or a change in structure of the entire complex. 400. The construction area of the bypass way does not belong to a specially protected nature area or state forest fund, and there are no routes for wild animals to migrate near the site.

93 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

Mitigation Measures 401. To reduce the negative impact on fauna, the project provides the following activities: • compliance with the standards of noise impact and maximum possible reduction of noise factor on the surrounding fauna; • compliance with the standards of light impact and maximum possible reduction of light factor on the surrounding fauna; • organization and implementation of emergency prevention activities; • fencing of the territory to prevent animals from accidentally entering the industrial site; • obligatory implementation of the whole complex of works on technical rehabilitation. • taking measures to prevent pollution in case of spills of oil, oil products and various chemicals; • carrying out animal monitoring. • hunting and poaching should be prohibited and properly monitored, relevant training for the personnel should be delivered

402. The work shall provide and implement measures to prevent animal mortality, preserve habitats and breeding conditions. 403. The following measures shall be taken in order to reduce even short-term and insignificant negative impact on animals: a) reduction of the area of disturbed lands; b) fencing of waste storage areas; c) keeping the construction site and adjacent areas clean; d) exclusion of spills of fuel and lubricants and their timely elimination; e) environmental awareness-raising work; Residual Impact Significance Construction Phase – LOW

No residual impacts are expected as long as the recommendations for activities are followed.

Operational Phase – LOW

F.7.3 Forests and Protected areas

Potential Impacts

404. No protected areas and forests are within the vicinity of the project area. Mitigation Actions 405. None required. Residual Impact Significance

Construction Phase – NONE

94 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

No residual impacts are expected.

Operational Phase – NONE

F.8 Economic Development

F.8.1 Transport Facilities and Utilities

Potential Impacts

Transportation Facilities

Construction Phase

406. One of the main impacts resulting from project works will be short term construction of access road.

Operational Phase

407. No negative impacts are expected to transportation facilities during the operational phase of the project. However, the potential beneficial impacts to transport are significant. The road, when complete, will offer reduced travel times to major urban areas, smoother ride (resulting in less vehicle maintenance and less damage to perishable goods) and safer driving conditions. Utilities 408. Electricity transmission and distribution lines, gas pipes and telecoms lines are located within the project corridor. As part of the detailed design KazAutoZhol have collected all relevant information regarding the utilities in the project corridor. This information will be provided to the Contractor for coordination of with the relevant utility operators. Management and Mitigation Actions

Transport

Pre-construction Phase

409. To mitigate the potential impacts the Contractor will: (i) Submit a Traffic Management Plan (TMP) to local traffic authorities prior to mobilization and include the plan as part of his SEMP. The TMP shall include plans of haul routes and access roads used for construction traffic which will be strictly adhered to with oversight from the Engineer; (ii) As part of his TMP, the Contractor shall provide haul routes to any borrow pits which, as far as is practical, avoid populated areas. 410. The volume of construction traffic is considered to be intensive truck traffic and will need to be managed in terms of surface damage. A Road Condition Survey of all roads included in the Contractors TMP will be conducted by the Engineer prior to construction in order to gauge any damage to the road as a result of the intensive heavy traffic during the construction phase. Before completion of the Project the Engineer shall repeat the survey to determine which, if any roads need to be repaired by the Contractor.

95 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

Construction Phase

411. The Contractor shall: (i) Provide information to the public about the scope and schedule of construction activities and expected disruptions and access restrictions at least 24 hours before the disruptions; (ii) Allow for adequate traffic flow around construction areas; (iii) If temporary access roads are to be constructed with a gravel surface they shall be routinely watered by the Contractor during dry weather to reduce dust impacts; and (iv) Provide adequate traffic signs, appropriate lighting, well-designed traffic safety signs, barriers and flag man for traffic control. (v) Access roads for batching plants, etc, should be maintained during the construction phase and rehabilitated at the end of construction.

Utilities

Construction Phase

412. During construction all gas supply and electricity networks in the project area shall be kept operational, particularly during the winter months. Some lines and pipes may require temporary relocation during the construction phase and as such the Contractor will be responsible for liaising with the relevant utilities operators to ensure they remain operational. If utilities need relocating in a different location the Contractor will consult with the relevant utilities and local community to ensure that there is no change in supply as a result of these changes.

Residual Impact Significance Construction Phase – MINOR

No residual impacts are expected if the TMP and the other mitigation measures mentioned above are implemented correctly.

Operational Phase – LOW

If the suggested mitigation measures are implemented, the residual impacts of the project will be low.

F.8.2 Land Use

Potential Impact

413. Livestock and Agriculture – A number of land plots will be affected by the project. In addition to this the project road could also result in other impacts to agricultural land during the construction phase, these include: (i) Dust – This issue and its impacts on crops are discussed above under Item G.5.1 Air Quality. Mitigation suggested involves correct siting of dust producing areas, such as batching plants, away from agricultural land and watering of stockpiles and access roads during the construction. Implementation of the mitigations measures in this IEE relating to facilities such as batching plants, will further reduce the possibility of significant impacts arising. (ii) Temporary Land Acquisition – land for access roads, and temporary storage areas will be required.

96 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

(iii) Road accidents involving livestock – Fencing of the road will eliminate this issue.

Management and Mitigation Actions

414. The key mitigation for land use is implementation of the LARP. Regarding temporary land acquisition for areas such as construction camps, the Contractor will pay the rates specified in the LARP to landowners for the use of these areas. In addition, where practical all additional construction related areas such as construction camps, etc., should, as far as possible, avoid being site on agricultural land.

Residual Impact Significance Construction Phase – MINOR/MEDIUM

No residual impacts are expected if the LARP is implemented correctly. However, there will be disruption to the local people during the LARP implementation process. A GRM has been prepared to manage complaints received during this process.

Operational Phase – NONE

No residual impacts are expected if the LARP is implemented correctly.

F.8.3 Waste Management

Potential Impacts

415. Construction activities will generate production and household waste. The sources of waste generation during facility construction are construction and installation works and equipment used in this process. (i) Inert waste – for example, concrete, metal, wood and plastic. (ii) Hazardous waste – acids and alkaline solutions, used oils and oily sludge, batteries and bitumen. 416. In case of improper collection, storage, transportation and disposal of all types of planned waste, impacts on all components of the environmental system may occur: . on the topsoil cover; . on the animal world; . on air; . on surface and ground waters. 417. The soil cover pollution by wastes containing oil products worsens the air regime of the soil, causes oxygen deficiency, enriches the soil with hydrogen sulfide, while the number of anaerobic and spore-forming microorganisms increases, and the content of labile phosphorus decreases. 418. Solid waste accumulation at outdoor sites also contributes to negative impact on air basin quality, ground water and soil layer at the site and adjacent areas. 419. In addition, uncontrolled discharges of sewage (e.g. from washrooms and canteens) from construction sites and worker’s camps may also cause odors and pollute local water resources. As

97 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination well as being a cause of complaints by the local population, this may lead to contravention of local regulations and fines being imposed on the Contractor. 420. Characteristics of production and consumption wastes, their quantity, disposal methods are determined based on the technological regulations of the enterprise, which set the service life of the equipment units and the scope of work performed. 421. Stages of waste technological cycle. The project provides the stages of waste technological cycle - from waste generation to disposal or dumping. Generation  Oily rags are formed during vehicles maintenance, during spills elimination.  Cans of paintwork materials - during painting works.  Welding electrode stubs are formed during welding works.  Construction waste - during construction and installation works.  Solid waste is formed as a result of the life activities of the working personnel. Collection or accumulation  Oily rags will accumulate in special containers.  Cans of paintwork materials will accumulate in special containers.  Welding electrode stubs will be collected in special containers.  Construction waste will be collected in special containers at a designated site.  Solid waste will be collected in metal or plastic containers. Identification • The compositions of all generated waste at the enterprise are accepted according to the waste classifier (Order of the Minister of Environmental Protection of the RK dated 31.05.2007 No.169-p). • Sorting (with neutralization) • Oiled rags, welding electrode burnings, paintwork materials cans, construction waste - no separation or mixing is done. • Solid waste - waste paper is separated from total solid waste when generated; food waste is also separated from the total volume of solid waste when generated. Passport For each type of waste generated, according to Article 289, clause 1 of the Environmental Code, a passport of hazardous waste in the course of economic activity of the enterprise will be prepared and approved. Copies of hazardous waste passports will be provided mandatorily to the enterprise transporting this type of waste, as well as to each consignee of this waste batch.

Packaging (and marking) Oily rags - the collection containers are marked. Paintwork materials cans - the collection containers are marked. Welding electrode stubs - the collection containers are marked. Construction waste - the collection containers are marked. Solid waste - the collection containers are marked.

Transportation All production and consumption waste generated during construction is transported in accordance with the agreement to specialized enterprises that carry out the removal, transportation and placement/disposal/neutralization of waste.

Storage (collecting) All production and consumption waste is stored in special metal and plastic containers with lids.

98 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

Storage (keeping) Waste storage is not provided at this enterprise. All waste is subject to temporary storage with subsequent removal to specialized organizations. The places of temporary storage of waste are designed for safe collection of waste within a period not exceeding six months before its transfer to third parties (Environmental Code, Article 288, clause 3-1).

Disposal (utilization or dumping) - All waste must be removed to specialized organizations for utilization, neutralization and safe disposal. Industrial control over waste management provides for maintaining records of the volume, composition, generation mode, storage and shipment at a frequency sufficient to fill in forms of internal production and state statistical reporting, which are regularly sent to territorial environmental authorities.

422. The main production waste will be construction, concrete waste (solid and sludge) and possible asphalt, depending upon how much can be reused as sub-base material. The Table 23 indicates the main types of waste and estimate volumes (based on the EIA of the working design).

Table 23 Standards for generation and disposal of production and consumption waste generated during facility construction, with an indication of the classification of waste codes of the RK

Disposal Type Volume, t/year Waste hazard level Hazard class method “amber list waste” Paintwork materials used cans 0,2993 3 AD070 Collection and “amber list waste” Oiled rags 0,0127 3 removal АС030 according to “green list waste” the Welding electrode stubs 0,009 4 GA090 agreement “green list waste” with the third- Construction waste 5 4 GG170 party organization “green list waste” Household waste 4,375 5 GO060 Total 9,696 incl. Production waste 5,321 Consumption waste 4,375

Management and Mitigation Actions

423. To ensure waste management is adequately controlled during both the construction phase of the project, the Contractor shall be responsible for ensuring that the waste hierarchy is followed including prevention, minimization, reuse and recycling. Specifically the Contractor will be responsible for the following measures:

(i) Waste Management Plan (WMP) – The WMP shall include items relating to the safe handling and management of: (a) Domestic waste

99 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

(b) Food waste (c) Recycled waste (d) Plastic (e) Metal (f) Wood (g) Construction waste (h) Hazardous waste (i) Liquid waste

(ii) Recycling and Reuse – Where possible surplus materials will be reused or recycled. This should include asphalt, concrete, wood, plastic, metal and glass. A plan for the recycling of materials should be included in the WMP. Approximately 50 000 m3 asphalt will be removed from the existing pavement. Where practical this material should be reused in the construction process. (iii) Storage of Hazardous Waste – Oils, fuels and chemicals are substances which are hazardous to human health. They need to be stored properly in correctly marked containers, both within the construction camp and also at construction site. Oil and fuel should be stored in tanks with lined bunds to contain spillage (the bund should be able to contain at least 110% of the volume of the largest storage tank within the bund). (iv) Waste Disposal – Waste, both hazardous and non-hazardous, shall be collected and disposed by a licensed waste management company. The Contractor will keep copies of the waste management company’s licenses at his site office. The Contractor shall also keep a record of the waste volumes and types removed from the site and the waste transfer acts provided by the waste management contractor. (v) Liquid Waste – The issue of liquid waste, including concrete sludge, camp run-off water, vehicle washing water, batching plant wastewater, etc., is discussed above under section F.6.4 – Hydrology and F.8.4 Construction camps, Asphalt plants, Batching plants and Temporary storage areas.

Residual Impact Significance Construction Phase – MINOR/MEDIUM

In general, if the suggested mitigation measures are implemented residual impacts will be minor.

Operational Phase – NONE

F.8.4 Construction camps, Asphalt plants, Batching plants and Temporary storage areas

Potential Impacts

424. Construction camps constitute a temporary land use change and raise issues related to activities such as impacts to air quality, poor sanitation arrangement and improper methods used for disposal of solid wastes and effluent; and transmission of infection diseases to the local people by the construction workers due to inappropriate health monitoring. Specific issues may arise as a result of the aspects listed below. 425. Design and Siting - Improper siting and design of construction camps can have negative impacts to hydrology through inappropriate disposal of liquid waste and spills of hazardous liquids.

100 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

Poor management of sanitary waste and accidental spills of hazardous liquids from construction camps can also have negative impacts on ground and surface water. Rock crushing plants and concrete batching plants can also have impacts on sensitive receptors located downwind of the sites if the plants are too close to the urban areas. 426. Concrete Batching Plants - Potential pollutants in batching plant wastewater include cement, sand, aggregates and petroleum products. The main sources of wastewater at batching plants are; contaminated storm water runoff, dust control sprinklers, the agitator washout station, the agitator charging station, the slumping station, and cleaning and washing areas. These substances can adversely affect the environment by: (i) Increasing water pH (ii) Increasing the turbidity of waterways (turbidity – measure of the cloudiness of a suspension). 427. Asphalt Plant – Several impacts are associated with Asphalt plants: (i) Emissions – including dust from the transport and handling of aggregates and emissions from the combustion process in the dryer. (ii) Noise - Noise occurs at different places in the process for examples in the conveyor belts, dryer and mixer drum, internal and external traffic. The noise is estimated to be in the range of 90 to 100 dBA (Leaq) at a few metres from the equipment. (iii) Bitumen Storage – Drums of bitumen will be stored safely and securely to prevent accidents and pollution. (iv) Storage and Use of Hazardous Materials – Some materials used during asphalt production, such as Kraton, can be explosive or a fire hazard. These materials need to be stored and managed appropriately. (v) Health and Safety - Asphalt Plants can be very dangerous, accidents may occur at any time. Therefore, it is important to have a proper policy for the Health and Safety Issues. (vi) Vehicle Movement – a large number of trucks will be required to transport the hot asphalt from the plant to the work site, this may be a distance of up to 25 kilometers (assuming two construction ‘lots’ and a construction camp close to the middle portion of each lot). 428. Temporary Storage Sites – These areas will be used to store materials and equipment on a temporary basis as an alternative to storing materials at the camp. Materials may also need to be stored close to work sites to allow quick and easy access to these materials, e.g. stockpiles of aggregates, pre-cast culverts, etc. None of the materials stored in these areas will be hazardous materials.

Management and Mitigation Actions 429. Construction camps – The location of construction camps and facilities is known at this stage of the project, and decision is made by the Contractor based on a range of issues, such as availability of land, cost, access, etc., as well as environmental and social issues. However, a range of good practice measures can be applied to these sites to ensure that they have minimal impacts on the environment and local population.

430. The Contractor will be responsible for the preparation of a Construction Camp Site and Management Plan which will form part of the SEMP. The Plan will indicate the system proposed and the locations of related facilities in the site, including latrines, storage areas, etc. The Contractor will ensure the following conditions are met within the plan: (i) Rain-water run-off arising on the site will be collected, removed from the site via a suitable and properly designed temporary drainage system and dispose at a location and in a manner that will cause neither pollution nor nuisance. The drainage system will be fitted with oil interceptors. (ii) There will be no direct discharge of sanitary or wash water to surface water. (iii) In the absence of functioning sewerage and sewage treatment facilities it is recommended that

101 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

the Contractor provides his own on-site septic tanks. There will be no direct discharge of untreated sanitary or oily wastewater to surface water bodies. (iv) Licensed contractors will be required to collect and disposal of liquid waste from the septic tanks on regular basis. (v) Disposal of materials such as, but not limited to, lubricating oil and onto the ground or water bodies will be prohibited. (vi) Liquid material storage containment areas will not drain directly to surface water. (vii) Waste water from vehicle washing bays will be free of pollutants if the wash bay has been constructed correctly. (viii) Lubricating and fuel spills will be cleaned up immediately and spill cleanup materials will be available at the storage area. (ix) Construction and work sites will be equipped with sanitary latrines that do not pollute surface waters and are connected to septic tanks, or waste water treatment facilities. (x) Discharge of sediment laden construction water directly into surface watercourses will be forbidden. Sediment laden construction water will be discharged into settling lagoons prior to final discharge. (xi) Washing out concrete trucks at construction sites will be prohibited unless specific concrete washout areas are provided for this purpose at the construction site (e.g. a bridge site). The washouts will be impermeable and emptied when 75% full. (xii) Spill cleanup equipment will be stored on site (including at the site maintenance yard and vehicle fueling areas). The following conditions to avoid adverse impacts due to improper fuel and chemical storage: (a) Fueling operations will occur only within fenced areas. (b) All fuel and chemical storage (if any) will be sited on an impervious base within a bund and secured by fencing. The storage area will be located away from any watercourse or wetlands. The base and bund walls will be impermeable and with sufficient capacity to contain 110% of the volume of tanks. (c) Fueling will be strictly controlled and subject to formal procedures and will take place within areas surrounded by bunds to contain spills / leaks of potentially contaminating liquids. (d) All valves and trigger guns will be resistant to unauthorized interference and vandalism and be turned off and securely locked when not in use. (e) The contents of any tank or drum will be clearly marked. Measures will be taken to ensure that no contaminated discharges fall on soil. (f) Disposal of lubricating oil and other potentially hazardous liquids onto the ground or water bodies will be prohibited. (g) If any accidental spills occur immediate cleanup will be undertaken and all cleanup materials stored in a secure area for disposal.

431. By the Engineer’s requirement, the Contractor will provide a wash pit or a wheel washing and/or vehicle cleaning facility at the exits from the Contractors’ camps. In this case, the Contractor will ensure that all vehicles are properly cleaned (bodies and tires are free of sand and mud) prior to leaving the site areas. The Contractor will provide necessary cleaning facilities on site and ensure that no water or debris from such cleaning operations is deposited off-site. The Engineer will undertake regular monitoring of the construction camps to ensure compliance with the SEMP and the Construction Camp Site Plan. 432. The Contractor will be responsible to maintain and cleanup campsites and respect the rights of local landowners. If located outside the RoW, written agreements with local landowners for temporary use of the property will be required and sites must be restored to a level acceptable to the owner within a predetermined time period.

102 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

433. The Contractor will also ensure that drinking water for construction camps and workers meets the necessary water quality standards of the GRK. If groundwater is to be used it will be tested weekly to ensure that the water quality meets the GRK drinking water standards. 434. Concrete Batching Plants – The following measures will be followed to limit the potential for pollution from batching plants: (i) To limit impacts from dust, the following conditions will apply: (a) Batching plants will be located downwind of urban areas and not within one kilometer of any urban area. (b) The entire batching area traversed by vehicles – including driveways leading into and out of the area – will be paved with a hard, impervious material. (c) Sand and aggregates will be delivered in a dampened state, using covered trucks. If the materials have dried out during transit they will be re-wetted before being dumped into the storage bunker. (d) Sand and aggregates will be stored in a bunker which shields the materials from winds. The bunker should enclose the stockpile on three sides. The walls should extend one metre above the height of the maximum quantity of raw material kept on site, and extend two metres beyond the front of the stockpile. (e) The bunker will be fitted with water sprays, which keep the stored material damp at all times. The water content of the stockpile will be monitored to keep it in a damp condition. (f) Overhead storage bins will be totally enclosed. The swivel chute area and transfer point from the conveyor will also be enclosed. (g) Rubber curtain seals may be needed to protect the opening of the overhead bin from winds. (h) Conveyor belts which are exposed to the wind and used for raw material transfer will be effectively enclosed, to ensure dust is not blown off the conveyor during transit. Conveyor transfer points and hopper discharge areas will be fully enclosed. (i) Conveyor belts will be fitted with belt cleaners on the return side of the belt. (j) Weigh hoppers at front-end loaders will be roofed and have weigh hoppers shrouded on three sides, to protect the contents from the wind. The raw materials transferred by the front end loader should be damp, as they are taken from a dampened stockpile. (k) Store cement in sealed, dust-tight storage silos. All hatches, inspection points and duct work will be dust-tight. (l) Silos will be equipped with a high-level sensor alarm and an automatic delivery shut-down switch to prevent overfilling. (m) Cement dust emissions from the silo during filling operations must be minimised. The minimum acceptable performance is obtained using a fabric filter dust collector. (n) Totally enclose the cement weigh hopper, to ensure that dust cannot escape to the atmosphere. (o) An inspection of all dust control components will be performed routinely, for example, weekly. (ii) All contaminated storm water and process wastewater will be collected and retained on site. (iii) All sources of wastewater will be paved and bunded. The specific areas that will be paved and bunded include the agitator washout area, the truck washing area, the concrete batching area, and any other area that may generate storm water contaminated with cement dust or residues. (iv) Contaminated storm water and process wastewater will be captured and recycled by a system with the following specifications: (a) The system’s storage capacity must be sufficient to store the runoff from the bunded areas generated by 20 mm of rain. (b) Water captured by the bunds will be diverted to a collection pit and then pumped to a storage tank for recycling. (c) An outlet (overflow drain) in the bund, one metre upstream of the collection pit, will divert excess rainwater from the bunded area when the pit fills due to heavy rain (more than 20 mm

103 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

of rain over 24 hours). (d) Collection pits should contain a sloping sludge interceptor, to separate water and sediments. The sloping surface enables easy removal of sludge and sediments. (e) Wastewater will be pumped from the collection pit to a recycling tank. The pit will have a primary pump triggered by a float switch and a backup pump which automatically activates if the primary fails. (f) Wastewater stored in the recycling tank needs to be reused at the earliest possible opportunity. This will restore the system’s storage capacity, ready to deal with wastewater generated by the next rainfall event. Reusing tank water include concrete batching, spraying over stockpiles for dust control and washing out agitators.

435. Asphalt Plants – the following measures will be applied by the Contractor: (i) Emissions and Noise: (a) Asphalt plants will be located downwind of urban areas and not within one kilometer of any urban area. (b) Adequate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) will be provided to staff working in areas of high noise and emissions. (ii) Storage and use of hazardous materials (including bitumen): (a) Ensure all hazardous materials are stored (including within suitable sized bunds for liquids), handled and disposed according to their Safety Data Sheet (SDS). (b) Copies of SDS will be kept on site with all hazardous materials. (c) The Contractor will keep a log of the type and volume of all hazardous wastes on site. (d) The Contractor will have a plan of site indicating where all hazardous materials are stored. (iii) Vehicle movement: (a) The Contractor will include the asphalt plant in his Traffic Management Plan, including haul routes from the plant. (iv) Health and Safety: (a) To prevent bitumen burns it will be compulsory for the workers handling hot bitumen to wear full-body protection. (b) Transportation, handling and storage of bitumen will be handled safely by experienced personnel. (c) The dust from the manufacturing process may pose respiratory hazards, hence protective air mask will be provided to the operators for the loading and unloading of aggregates. (d) Ear-muffs will be provided those working the plant. (e) First aid kit will be available on site for the workers in case of emergency. (f) The SDS for each chemical product will be made accessible on site and displayed.

436. Temporary Storage Areas – The Contractor will be responsible for preparing a Method Statement for the Opening, Operation and Reinstatement of Temporary Storage Area for any areas over one hectare in size. The method statement shall be prepared and submitted to the Engineer for approval before any such site can be used. Many of these sites will be located close to rivers, and as such the Contractor will ensure that the method statements include specific measures to ensure no pollution of the rivers, including banning of the storage of hazardous liquids in these areas. The method statement shall also clearing illustrate the conditions of the site prior to its clearing and use, so that it can be fully re-instated to its former conditions. The method statement shall also indicate what type of vegetation has been cleared at the site, and where this has occurred. The Contractor shall be responsible for replanting of any trees cut in these areas on a 1:3 basis.

Residual Impact Significance

Construction Phase – MINOR

104 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

If the suggested mitigation measures are implemented residual impacts will be minor.

Operational Phase – LOW

If the suggested mitigation measures are implemented residual impacts will be low as long as reinstatement plans are followed correctly.

F.9 Social and Cultural Aspects

F.9.1 Employment creation, Skills enhancement and Local business opportunities

Potential Impacts

437. The Project is expected to generate positive impacts on the local economy and livelihoods in terms of employment and skills enhancement, also local business opportunities through the procurement of goods and services. 438. Positive impacts will be primarily associated with the construction phase and therefore temporary in nature. The termination of construction contracts will occur once construction activities are completed. Workers who have relocated to the area for the project are likely to leave the area in search of other opportunities, especially if they are temporary employees of Contractors and subcontractors. 439. Those who have worked on the project will have an advantage when seeking alternative jobs on similar projects due to the experience and any training received through this project. 440. The construction phase will last approximately 10 months and it is expected that during the construction peak time there will be totally 70 employees, among them: engineering office staff – 11 people (15.7% of total), workers – 59 people (84.3% of total). The breakdown of the required personnel will be as follows: (i) Skilled workers: 58%; (ii) Semi-skilled workers: 25%; (iii) Unskilled workers: 17%. 441. Local procurement will benefit the hospitality and service industries primarily, such as catering, cleaning, transport and security services. Local businesses will benefit during the construction phase as there will be increased spending within the area by the wage labor who will have improved buying power while employed by the Project.

Residual Impact Significance Construction Phase – NONE

If the suggested mitigation measures are implemented residual impacts will be minor.

Operational Phase – LOW/MEDIUM

After the project construction phase many local workers may be without employment. However, the project will have provided them, in many instances, with additional skills and experience to work on similar projects in other locations. Local businesses supplying the Contractors and their staff may also see a fall in trade, this is an unavoidable consequence of the Project.

105 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

F.9.2 Public Health and Safety

Potential Impacts

442. The project implementation could affect the public health and safety in the area of influence as a result of worker-public interactions, in-migration to the area, increased incomes in the local population that may be used for drugs, alcohol and prostitution, the risk of injury associated with construction and operational activities, increased pressure on health care resources and changes to the environment.

Construction Phase Impacts

443. Potential impacts due to the proposed construction can be identified as follows: (i) Workforce, Jobseekers and Social Conflict. In some instances the local population may not be able to provide the necessary skilled workers for the project. In such cases workers from other regions, or other countries may be employed by the Contractor. This could lead to social tensions and potential conflict if these workers are not aware of local customs and practices. An increase in disposable income within the project area (among Project workers, both local and external) may also result in a change in spending habits and behavior resulting in increase in alcohol and drug abuse, increased incidences of prostitution and casual sexual relations, which poses a threat to community health and safety. (ii) Pressure on Social Infrastructure and Services. During the construction phase workers will be accommodated on-site and as such there will be no pressure on local housing stock. In addition, the Contractor will also have his own on-site medical facilities. Any serious injuries will be treated in Atyrau. (iii) Road Safety. Construction of the project road will require a large amount of vehicle movements, locally. These could potentially result in road traffic accidents between vehicles, pedestrians and livestock if suitable plans and mitigation is not in place. (iv) Air quality and noise. Potential air and noise issues and their impacts to the local population are discussed under items F.6.1 – Air Quality, F.8.4 – Construction Camps and Batching Plants and Item F.9.7 – Noise.

Operational Phase Impacts

444. Road Safety. The condition of the new road will be a significant improvement on the existing pavement and as such will lead to a reduction in the number of accidents on the road per capita. 445. Air Quality and Noise – These issues are discussed in detail under items F.6.1 – Air quality and F.9.7 – Noise.

Management and Mitigation Actions

Pre-construction Phase

446. Prior to start of site works in residential areas residents shall be informed on the construction schedule and activities, potential environmental impacts and mitigation measures through public meetings.

Construction Impact Mitigation Measures

447. Mitigation measures to limit public health and safety impacts include:

106 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

448. Road Safety – The Contractor will be responsible for preparing a Traffic Management Plan for the construction phase of the project. 449. Social Conflicts. The Contractor shall provide regular health and safety training to their workers which will include sessions on social and cultural awareness. The Contractor will also subcontract an organization to develop and implement a policy related to HIV/AIDS and COVID-19 issues and information document for all workers directly related to the project. The information document will address factual health issues as well as behaviour change issues around the transmission and infection of HIV/AIDS, COVID-19. In addition, the Contractor shall develop an induction program, including a Code of Conduct, for all workers directly related to the project. A copy of the Code of Conduct is to be presented to all workers and signed by each person. The Code of Conduct must address the following aspects: (i) Respect for local residents and customs; (ii) Zero tolerance to bribery and corruption; (iii) Zero tolerance of illegal activities by construction personnel, including: (a) prostitution; (b) illegal sale and purchase of alcohol; (c) sale, purchase and consumption of drugs; and (d) illegal gambling and fighting. (iv) No alcohol and drugs policy during working time or at times that will affect ability to work; and (v) Description of disciplinary measures for infringement of the Code of conduct and company rules. If worker are found to be in contravention of the Code of conduct, which they signed at the commencement of their contract, they will face disciplinary procedures that could result in dismissal. (vi) In addition, the project security guards shall not to violate the safety of local residents or other individuals involved in the project. 450. Moreover, the Contractor will be responsible for holding monthly public meetings within the project area throughout the construction period. The monthly meetings will be held in the villages along the alignment and will provide a forum for locals to discuss specific issues, such as noise and dust with the Contractor before making complaints formal through the Grievance Redress Mechanism. The minutes of meetings shall be recorded and a list of participants prepared (with signatures). Photos of each event shall be taken (with timestamps). The Contractor shall prepare a short monthly summary of the meetings including all of the above information and submit it for review to the Engineer and KazAutoZhol within a week after the meeting.

Residual Impact Significance

Construction Phase – MINOR

If the suggested mitigation measures are implemented residual impacts will be minor.

Operational Phase – LOW

F.9.3 Workers’ Rights, Occupational Health and Safety

Potential Impacts

107 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

451. Occupational Health and Safety - Accidents are common during a project of this size and scale. Accidents can occur if workers are not adequately trained or qualified for the job or if they have incorrect safety equipment and clothing. 452. Sexually Transmitted Diseases – See Section F.9.2 – Public Health and Safety for impacts and mitigation relating to STDs. 453. Workers’ Rights - Workers’ rights including occupational health and safety need to be considered to avoid accidents and injuries, loss of man-hours, labor abuses and to ensure fair treatment, remuneration and working and living conditions. These issues need to be considered not only for workers who are directly employed by the project but also subcontractors. 454. The project is expected to create around 70-80 direct employment opportunities during the peak of the construction period, which will be approximately 10 months. The majority of workers will be engaged by the Contractor and will consist of a semiskilled to skilled workforce. 455. The expected impacts on workers’ rights and H&S as a result of construction, work process and project operation are as follows: (i) Risk to workers H&S due to hazardous construction activities and other general construction activities, e.g. traffic accidents; and (ii) Violation of workers’ rights. 456. Construction activities will involve the operation of heavy equipment and trucks, working at height, construction traffic, use of electric devices, handling of hazardous materials and other hazardous activities. Due to the nature of the activities being undertaken during construction, worker H&S is a key risk with the potential for accidents that may result in injuries and fatalities as well as lost man-hours. It is also important to ensure that workers have access to safe water supplies. Management and Mitigation Actions

457. An Occupational Health and Safety Plan will be prepared by the Contractor to manage worker safety. The Plan will include the following items: (i) Safety Training Program. A Safety Training Program is required and will be delivered by a qualified H&S expert. The program will consist of: (a) Initial Safety Induction Course: All workers will be required to attend a safety induction course before they are allowed access to the Site. (b) Periodic Safety Training Courses: Period safety course will be conducted not less than once every six months. All Contractor (and any subcontractor) employees will be required to participate in relevant training courses appropriate to the nature, scale and duration of the works. Training courses for all workers on the site and at all levels of management. A list of training participants and time-stamped photographic evidence of the training will be provided by the Contractor to the Engineer for his records. (c) Safety Meetings. Regular safety meetings will be conducted on a monthly basis. The Engineer will be notified of all safety meetings in advance. The Engineer may attend in person or by representative at his discretion. The minutes of all safety meetings will be sent to the Engineer within 7 (seven) days after the meeting and will include a list of participants and time-stamped photographic evidence of the training. (d) Safety Inspections. The Contractor will regularly inspect, test and maintain all safety equipment (including firefighting equipment), scaffolds, guardrails, working platforms, hoists, ladders and other means of access, lifting, lighting, signing and guarding equipment. Lights and signs will be kept clear of obstructions and legible to read. Equipment, which is damaged, dirty, incorrectly positioned or not in working order, will be repaired or replaced immediately by the Contractor.

108 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

(e) PPE – Workers will be provided (before they commence works) with of appropriate PPE suitable for electrical work such as safety boots, helmets, goggles, protective clothes, and ear protection at no cost to the workers. (ii) The Contractor shall keep a log of training records and safety incidents including near misses. (iii) All construction plant and equipment used on or around the site will be fitted with appropriate safety devices. These will include but not be limited to: (a) Effective safety catches for crane hooks and other lifting equipment, and (b) Functioning automatic warning devices and, where applicable, an up-to-date test report for cranes and lifting equipment. (iv) Zones with noise level above 80 dBA must be marked with safety signs and appropriate PPE must be worn by workers. (v) Portable toilet facilities for workers at road work sites will be provided. (vi) Fencing on all areas of excavation greater than 2 m deep will be installed along with warning signs. (vii) Ensure sufficient fresh air supply to confined work spaces. (viii) Keep air inlet filters clean and free of dust and microorganisms. (ix) Ensure reversing signals are installed on all construction vehicles. (x) Implement fall prevention and protection measures whenever a worker is exposed to the hazard of falling more than two meters, falling into operating machinery or through an opening in a work surface. Note: fall prevention/protection measures may include installation of guardrails with midrails and toe boards at the edge of any fall hazard area, proper use of ladders and scaffolds by trained employees, use of fall prevention devices, including safety belt and lanyard travel limiting devices to prevent access to fall hazard, fall protection devices such as full body harnesses, etc. (xi) Mark the areas where risk of injuries from falling objects exist with rope or flagging to minimize risks and injuries. (xii) Provide spotters. Employ flag persons to control traffic when construction equipment is entering or leaving the work area. 458. Subcontractors - All Project subcontractors will be supplied with copies of the SEMP. Provisions will be incorporated into all subcontracts to ensure the compliance with the SEMP at all kinds of the subcontracting. All subcontractors will be required to appoint a safety representative who will be available on the site throughout the operational period of the respective subcontract unless the Engineer’s approval to the contrary is given in writing. In the event of the Engineer’s approval being given, the Engineer, without prejudice to their other duties and responsibilities, will ensure, as far as is practically possible, that employees of subcontractors are conversant with appropriate parts of the SEMP. To implement the above items the Contractor will appoint a qualified environmental, health and safety specialists. 459. Water supply – If groundwater is to be used as drinking water it will be tested weekly to ensure that the water quality meets the GRK drinking water standards. 460. Specific attention shall be paid to COVID-19 virus and Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) in general and HIV/AIDS in particular. All site personnel will be screened for communicable diseases including sexually transmitted infections; 461. A COVID-19 management plan shall be developed including measures such as being compulsory for all the workers to wear face masks while working in the substations and travelling to them, doing their best to practice a social distancing of 2 meters and frequent hand washing or use of hand sanitizers. The face masks and hand sanitizer will have to be provided to the workers by the Contractor.. An awareness program shall be developed and communicated to all workers. This program might also include the provision of condoms for all site staff and labor as appropriate and provide an STI and HIV/AIDS screening, diagnosis and counseling.

109 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

Residual Impact Significance Construction Phase – MINOR

If the suggested mitigation measures are implemented residual impacts will be minor.

Operational Phase – NONE

F.9.4 Emergency Response Planning

Potential Impacts

462. Emergency situations may arise during the construction phase of the project, for example, fires and explosions (due to poor management and improper storage of fuels and chemicals).

Management and Mitigation Actions

Construction Phase

463. The Contractor will be responsible for preparation of an Emergency Response Plan (ERP), which will include sections relating to: (i) Containment of hazardous materials; (ii) Fuel and lubricant spills; (iii) Fire, gas leak and explosion; (iv) Work site accidents; (v) Civil unrest and strike action; and (vi) Earthquake and other natural hazards.

464. The plan will detail the process for handling, and subsequently reporting about emergencies, and specify the organizational structure (including responsibilities of appointed personnel). The plan will be submitted to the Engineer for approval. Implementation of the plan will be monitored by the Engineer. Any emergencies, and how they were handled, will be reported in monthly progress reports by the Contractor to the Engineer. The Engineer will also provide periodic monitoring of the Contractors works throughout construction to ensure the ERP is implemented effectively.

Residual Impact Significance

Construction Phase – MINOR

If the suggested mitigation measures are implemented residual impacts will be minor.

Operational Phase – NONE

F.9.5 Physical and Cultural Resources

Potential Impacts

465. As noted by Section E.4.4 there are not historical and cultural heritage facilities, cemeteries, monuments and mosques within the project corridor.

110 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

466. It is possible, given the rich cultural heritage of Kazakhstan, that chance finds could occur during earthworks. Management and Mitigation Actions

467. In the event of any chance finds during the construction works, procedures shall apply that are governed by the RK legislation and guidelines. A chance finds procedure shall also be developed by the Contractor. Appendix H provides a sample chance find procedure which the Contractor could adopt. Residual Impact Significance

Construction Phase – MINOR

If the suggested mitigation measures are implemented residual impacts will be minor.

Operational Phase – NONE

F.9.6 Vibration

Potential Construction Vibration Impacts

Ground-borne vibration is the oscillatory motion of the ground about some equilibrium position, and can be described in terms either of displacement, velocity or acceleration. As human sensitivity to vibration typically corresponds best to the amplitude of vibration velocity within the low frequency range of most concern (roughly 5-100 Hertz), vibration velocity is the preferred measure for evaluating ground-borne vibration from transit projects. 468. Vibration from the construction activities is a cause concern to the community. The effects of vibration varies and depends on the magnitude of the vibration source, the particular ground conditions between the source and receiver, presence of rocks or other large structures in the area. The intensity, duration, frequency and number of occurrences of a vibration all play an important role in both the annoyance levels caused and the strains induced in structures. 469. At low-frequency vibrations are perceived by the otolite and vestibular apparatus of the person, the nerve endings of the skin, and high frequency vibrations are perceived as noise, leads to a decrease in productivity, disrupts the central and autonomic nervous system, leads to diseases of the cardiovascular system. 470. The effects of vibration includes annoyance, sleep disturbance, and potential damage to structures. 471. The proposed criteria for damage to buildings are shown in the Table 24. These are derived from British Standard BS 6472 and German Standards DIN 4150-3:1999.

Table 24: Criteria for structural damage due to vibration No damage likely PPV <5 mm/s Cosmetic damage risk PPV 5 to 15 mm/s Structural damage risk PPV > 15 mm/s

472. General Construction - Table 25 provides an indication of the approximate vibration levels that may be expected from various vibration sources. The cells highlighted in red show where cosmetic damage may occur. No structural damage is expected at distances greater than 5m.

111 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

Table 25: Approximate vibration levels at various sources Equipment Distance (m) PPV (in/sec) PPV (mm/s) 3 0,5775 14,47 5 0,3609 9,17 Vibratory roller 10 0,1805 4,58 25 0,0704 1,79 5 0,1530 3,89 Large bulldozer 10 0,0765 1,94 25 0,0298 0,76 5 0,1306 3,32 Loaded trucks 10 0,0653 1,66 25 0,0255 0,65 5 0,0602 1,53 Jack hammer 10 0,0073 0,19 25 0,0117 0,30 Note: Values based upon Table 18. Vibration Source Amplitudes for Construction Equipment and Equation 12 of the Transportation and Construction Vibration Manual, Caltrans, 2013.

473. Due to the fact that project road is uninhabited, there is no the potential impacts from construction vibration on people and properties. 474. The residential properties are located more than 1000 meters from the road centreline. Using the data provided in Table 25 it can clearly be seen that none of the construction activities listed would result in vibrations levels above 5 mm/s. 475. Vibration levels during the construction (within the limits not exceeding 62 Hz, according to GOST 12.1.012-2004) cannot cause harm to human health and adversely affect the fauna. 476. Vibrations occur mainly due to rotational and progressive action of unbalanced engine masses and mechanical systems of engines. The fight against vibrations is to reduce the vibration level of the excitation source.

Potential Operational Vibration Impacts

477. Highway traffic is not likely to have any measurable vibration impact on the structures or on comfort because vehicles traveling on highways are supported on flexible suspension systems and pneumatic tires, these vehicles are not an efficient source of ground vibration. 478. The Federal Highway Administration of the USA has determined that “All studies the highway agencies have done to assess the impact of operational traffic induced vibrations have shown that both measured and predicted vibration levels are less than any known criteria for structural damage to buildings. In fact, normal living activities (e.g., closing doors, walking across floors, operating appliances) within a building have been shown to create greater levels of vibration than highway 13 traffic”.

13 http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environMent/noise/reguLations_and_guidance/anaLysis_and_abateme nt_guidance/poLguide09.cfm

112 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

Construction Phase Vibration Management and Mitigation

479. The most effective way to protect a person from vibration is to eliminate direct contact with the vibrating equipment. Protection methods against vibrations include techniques to reduce vibrations both in the source of their occurrence, and on the ways of distribution of elastic vibrations in different environments. 480. When installing and operating equipment that has rotating parts, they are balanced. The great attention is paid to adjusting and preventive works on elimination of backlashes and gaps in equipment. The effective method to reduce vibrations in a source is a choice of the optimum operating modes consisting in elimination of the resonant phenomena in the course of equipment operation. 481. For decrease vibration from the process equipment it is provided: an establishment of flexible communications, elastic gaskets and springs; the heavy vibrating equipment is established on independent bases, reduction of dwelling time under vibration condition, use of personal protective equipment. 482. To eliminate the harmful impacts of vibration on the working mechanisms, the following measures should be applied:  reduction of vibration in its source by constructive or technological measures;  reduction of vibration on the way of its distribution by means of vibration isolation and vibration absorption;  remote control, eliminating the transmission of vibration to the workplace;  personal protective equipment. 483. Vibration control is carried out through timely preventive maintenance of equipment, tightening of loose connections, timely lubrication of rotating parts. A common method of fighting against vibration of heavy machinery - the device under them foundations, vibration-insulated from the floor and adjacent structures. 484. The Contractor shall monitor vibration during construction activities as necessary and/or as required by the Engineer. The Contractor shall document and provide documentation to the Engineer in a monthly/quarterly report when carrying out the monitoring.

Residual Impact

Construction Phase – MINOR

Operational Phase – NONE

No residual impacts are expected from vibration.

F.9.7 Noise

Potential Construction Noise Impacts

485. During the project construction, the sources of noise impact on the health of people directly involved in the planning works, as well as on flora and fauna, are construction machines and vehicles.

113 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

486. The noise during the construction phase depends on the stage of construction activities and equipment used. The construction activities generating significant levels of noise can be divided as follows: (i) Site clearance and preparation; (ii) Earthworks;

487. The main sources of noise and vibration during the project construction are as follows: (i) Construction machinery; (ii) Material transportation and general vehicle movements; (iii) Asphalt concrete and aggregate production systems; and (iv) Construction camps / Ancillary facilities. 488. The criteria for determining significance is the World Bank Group guidelines for noise require that the sound level in residential areas (and other sensitive receptors, such as schools and hospitals) should not exceed 55 dB(A) during the day and 45 dB(A) during the night. During construction period, it is possible that these standards will be exceeded for short duration during the day.

489. Construction noise levels at receptors would fluctuate depending on the type and number of equipment, their duration of use and the distance from receptor. In this analysis, first the noise level of each equipment, which is likely to be used in the construction, is calculated. The peak noise levels of construction equipment mainly used at a typical construction site, are shown in the Table 26. The list includes all equipment except vehicles and some minor pieces of equipment.

Table 26: Typical noise levels from construction equipment Equipment Actual maximum (dBA ) Usage factor (%) Roads – Preparation stage Bulldozer 81.7 30 Excavator 80.7 30 Grader 85 30 Roller 80.0 15 Rock drill 81.0 15 Dump truck 76.5 30 Roads – Completion stage Compressor 77.2 30 Asphalt paver 77.2 30 Roller 80.0 15 Tractor 84.0 30 Concrete mixer truck 78.8 30 Source: Batumi Bypass – EIA. ADB 2017

490. Using this data, the expected noise level, Leaq (8 hours), is calculated. The predicted noise levels at 100 m from the source are shown in the table below. It shows that the highest equivalent noise level for an 8-hours shift due to a single piece of equipment at a receptor, at a typical distance of 100 m from the source will be about 61 dB(A) during preparation stage. When more than one piece of equipment are working simultaneously, the noise level at the receptor will increase. The attenuation due to topographic factors could be up to 2 dB(A). Good maintenance of equipment with installation of noise mufflers may also reduce the noise.

114 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

Table 27: Predicted noise level from construction equipment (dBA) Leaq (dBA) at various distance Actual Usage Equipment 50 100 200 300 400 500 maximum factor (%) m m m m m m Roads – Preparation stage Bulldozer 81.7 30 64.2 58.1 52,1 48.6 46.1 44.2 Excavator 80.7 30 63.2 57.1 51.1 47.6 45.1 43.2 Grader 85 30 67.5 61.4 55.4 51.9 49.4 47.5 Roller 80.0 15 59.4 53.4 47.4 43.9 41.4 39.4 Rock drill 81.0 15 60.4 54.4 48.4 44.9 42.4 40.4 Dump truck 76.5 30 59.0 52.9 46.9 43.4 40.9 39.0 Cumulative 71.3 65.1 59.1 55.6 53.1 51.2 Roads – Completion stage Compressor 77.2 30 60.2 54.1 48.1 44.6 42.1 40.2 Asphalt paver 77.2 30 59.7 53.6 47.6 44.1 41.6 39.7 Roller 80.0 15 59.4 53.4 47.4 43.9 41.4 39.4 Tractor 84.0 30 66.5 60.4 54.4 50.9 48.4 46.5 Concrete mixer truck 78.8 30 61.3 55.2 49.2 45.7 43.2 41.3 Cumulative 69.4 63.3 57.3 53.7 51.3 49.4

491. For a more detailed impact assessment, the construction noise was calculated at distances starting from 50 m to 500 m to see the extent of spreading of noise separately for different construction phases. The results for construction noise are shown in the Picture 12. Following assumptions were made during calculation: (i) It was assumed that the equipment working simultaneously in preparation stage are; bulldozer, excavator, grader, roller, rock drill and dump trucks, whereas in completion stage the equipment are: compressor, paver, roller, tractor and concrete mixers. (ii) The estimated shielding was taken as 2 dBA. Shielding is the reduction of noise due to addition of mitigation measures like barriers and dirt mound.

115 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

Picture 12: Construction noise

60 dBA

- 55

Noise Noise level 45

30 50m 100m 200m 300m 400m 500m Distance (м)

Road Preparation Stage Road Completion Stage IFC Nightime Limits IFC Daytime Limits

492. It can be seen that in general construction activities will result in elevated noise levels over quite a wide distance, as much as 200-300 meters. However, much of the project corridor is uninhabited and/or bypasses the major villages within the alignment and therefore there will be no impacts to sensitive receptors in these areas. 493. The intensity of external noise depends on the type of equipment, its working device, type of drive, operating mode and distance from the work place. Decrease in sound level from sources with unobstructed propagation occurs about 3db with each double increase in distance, decrease in peak sound levels occurs about 6 db. Therefore, as distance increases, the average sound level gradually decreases. 494. When away from the noise source at a distance of up to two hundred meters there is a rapid attenuation of noise, with further increase in the distance sound level reduction is slower. It is also necessary to take into account changes in the sound level depending on the wind direction and speed, the nature and condition of the surrounding area, and the topography of the area. As the construction period is short (daytime), the project does not provide noise protection measures. 495. The design solutions provide the construction equipment that have sound levels at workplaces not exceeding 80 dB, the noise characteristics of the equipment should be specified in their passports.

116 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

Operational Phase Noise Impacts 496. During the operation of the bypass way, significant noise is generated by traffic flows. The intensity of noise depends on the type of vehicle, speed and distance. 497. An acoustic calculation has been made for the operation period of the designed road. Calculations on the average geometric frequencies from 31.5 to 8000 Hz, the equivalent noise level and the calculated sanitary noise breakdown are given in the Appendix F.

Pre-construction Noise Management and Mitigation 498. Correct siting of construction camps and ancillary facilities will reduce the potential for elevated noise levels to affect sensitive receptors. Locating these facilities more than 1 km downwind from residential and sensitive receptors will eliminate noise impacts to these receptors. 499. Prior to the start of construction, and as part of his SEMP, the Contractor will develop a Noise Management Plan that will include the mitigation measures outlined below for the construction phase.

Construction Phase Noise Mitigation 500. During the construction phase the Contractor will be responsible for the following: (i) All mechanical plant is to be silenced by the best practical means using current technology. Mechanical plant, including noise-suppression devices, should be maintained to the manufacturer’s specifications. Internal combustion engines are to be fitted with a suitable muffler in good repair. (ii) Maintenance tools, machines and equipment so that they are in good conditions. When some wrong is found, they must be fixed immediately in order to reduce noise from the equipment. (iii) Fit all pneumatic tools with an effective silencer on their air exhaust port. (iv) Install less noisy movement/reversing warning systems for equipment and vehicles that will operate for extended periods, during sensitive times or in close proximity to sensitive sites. Occupational health and safety requirements for use of warning systems must be followed. (v) Turn off plant when not being used. (vi) All vehicular movements to and from the site to only occur during the scheduled normal working hours, unless approval has been granted by the Engineer. (vii) Keep good conditions of trucks that use to transport construction materials so they cause no loud noise and control the truck speed, to be not exceeded 40 km/hr when driving through communities, and not exceeded 80 km/hr when driving on highways. (viii) Where possible, no truck associated with the work should be left standing with its engine operating in a street adjacent to a residential area. (ix) Provision of noise protection kits such as ear plug, earmuff, for workers who are working in the area with noise level is higher than 85 dB(A). It is designated as a regulation that workers must wear protection kits in case of working in a noisy area. (x) Audible reversing warning systems on mobile plant and vehicles should be of a type which, whilst ensuring that they give proper warning, have a minimum noise impact on persons outside sites. Where practicable, alternative reversing warning systems should be used to reduce the impact of noise outside sites.

Residual Impact Significance

Construction Phase – MINOR

Operational Phase – LOW

117 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

F.10 Cumulative Impacts

501. The main cumulative impacts relate to increased traffic. The main cumulative impacts resulting from the increased traffic will be elevated noise levels during the operational period. Air quality may be compromised slightly in the form of vehicular emissions, but levels of dust will decrease significantly – this will generally lead to improvements in terms of public health conditions. 502. Environmental systems are based on complex interactions related to individual components and subsystems. Therefore, impacts on one component may have an effect on others that may be spatially and temporally distant from components that are directly affected. 503. When conducting a comprehensive Environmental Impact Assessment on the RK project, by analyzing the impact categories of the designed work on the environmental components, it can be generally concluded that the significance of the expected environmental impact: i. during construction, it is acceptable to assume as low. Changes in the environment as a result of natural changes are short-term and reversible. Populations and communities return to normal levels in the year following the accident. ii. during operation it is acceptable to assume as average. Changes in the environment exceed the chain of natural changes. The environment is recovered without any assistance partially or within several years. F.11 Compliance Impacts

504. In addition to the impacts associated with the construction and operation phases of the project several compliance impacts have also been identified as follows: (i) For the measures proposed in the IEE‘s EMP to be taken seriously, they must become legally binding through inclusion as environmental clauses in the loan agreement between the GRK and ADB as well as the specifications in the contract-bid documents. This will be achieved by integrating the EMP into the contract specifications as a clause and using the EMP to prepare the SEMP defining specific steps to be taken by the contractors and the government during the project construction phase. References to the EMP will be made in the loan agreement between the GRK and ADB. It will be the Engineer’s responsibility to review the environmental mitigation and monitoring activities undertaken by the Contractor, payments made only after verification that each work component has been completed as prescribed. (ii) Lack of Construction Compliance Inspection Services and Environmental Training – While the EMP and the environmental compliances can be very clear and specific, if there is no one knowledgeable to undertake compliance monitoring, inspection and regular reporting, little of the EMP will be implemented or completed. The Engineer, through his Environmental Specialist (ES) will ensure that compliance inspections are undertaken on a regular basis. (iii) Lack of Permits – The Contractor must obtain a number of permits and licenses in order to comply with national environmental regulations. Any delay in obtaining these permits could delay the works schedule.

118 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

G. Environmental Management Plans and Institutional Requirements

G.1 Introduction

505. The EMP herewith provides the overall project environmental management framework. It provides summary information of the types of impacts, which are described in detail in Section F. It also provides detailed information about the required mitigation and monitoring measures, their implementation arrangements. In addition, the approximate costs of the EMP are shown. G.2 Environmental Management Plan

506. Table 28, Table 29 and Table 30 provide the environmental mitigation and observational monitoring for the project during the pre-construction, construction and operational phases of the project respectively. G.3 Instrumental Monitoring Plan

507. Regular monitoring of air quality, water quality and noise levels against the RK and IFC standards shall be carried out throughout the construction and commissioning periods. The party responsible for monitoring will be the Engineer who will report the results monthly to KazAutoZhol. The reports shall clearly indicate the monitoring dates, times, locations, weather conditions, types of equipment used and calibration information. 508. Table 31 provides the monitoring actions required during the construction phase of the project.

119 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

Table 28: Environmental Management Plan – Detailed Design / Pre-construction Phase

Subject Potential impact / issue Mitigation measures Responsibilities Monitoring

Air quality Construction impact As part of the SEMP preparation of: Contractor to prepare plans Engineer to review  Air Quality Plan which shall include items and approve plans specified Section F.6.1 of this IEE.  Emergency Response Plan to manage any accidental releases of toxic air pollutants.  Traffic Management Plan including specified haul routes to minimize impacts on sensitive receptors.  Health and Safety Plan including specific measures relating to dust protection for workers’ health. Air quality impacts from  Locations for concrete Batching Plants, Asphalt Contractor to select sites Engineer and stationary sources Plants and Borrow Pits require approval from KazAutoZhol to the Engineer. approve sites  All of the above facilities will also require the appropriate GRK permits and licenses.  No batching plant, asphalt plant or borrow pit shall be located within 1km of any residential area or sensitive receptor Climate change Increased temperature / Ensure that all items listed under mitigation, Detailed Designers Engineer to review extreme precipitation Section F.6.2 – Climate Change of this IEE are design documents considered. prior to the start of construction Soil Construction impacts As part of the SEMP preparation of: Contractor to prepare plans Engineer to review  Spill Management Plan to manage any and approve plans accidental releases of hazardous liquids.  Construction Camp Site and Management Plan to outline how hazardous materials and liquids will be stored and managed. Loss of agricultural soils Before the commencement of the construction  KazAutoZhol to prepare ADB to approve the works of the project at any road, KazAutoZhol must the LARP. LARP prepare the Land Acquisition and Resettlement  KazAutoZhol to Plan (the LARP), obtain the approval of ADB and implement the plan. then implement the plan and acquire the land. Hydrology Culverts Preparation of a Construction Camp Site and Contractor to prepare plans Engineer to review Management Plan which will include sections on the and approve plans disposal of liquid waste from the site and all other measures listed under Section F.6.4 – Hydrology of this IEE. A design discharge of 50 years return period is Detailed Designers Engineer to review considered for culverts. design documents

CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

Subject Potential impact / issue Mitigation measures Responsibilities Monitoring

prior to the start of construction Land use Loss of land and Before the commencement of the construction  KazAutoZhol to prepare ADB to approve the property works of the project at any road, KazAutoZhol must the LARP. LARP prepare the Land Acquisition and Resettlement  KazAutoZhol to Plan (the LARP), obtain the approval of ADB and implement the plan. then implement the plan and acquire the land.

Transport and Traffic management Preparation of a Traffic Management Plan as part Contractor to prepare plans Engineer to review Utilities of the SEMP. and approve plans

Damage to roads Prior to the commencement of works a Road  Engineer to complete N/A Condition Survey will be undertaken as part of the road condition survey. Traffic Management Plan to record the condition of  Contractor to review access roads to asphalt plants, camps, etc. and agree to the findings of the road condition survey. Construction camps Selection of construction  Preparation of a Construction Camp Site and Contractor to prepare plans Engineer to review camp site Management Plan. The Plan shall include at a and approve plans minimum all of the items listed under Section F.8.4 – Construction Camps of this IEE.  Preparation of a Spills Response Plan.  Coordinate all construction camp activities with neighbouring land uses. Public Health and Safety of local people Prior to the start of works in residential areas Contractor to arrange Engineer to attend Safety stakeholders shall be informed, through public meetings, record the meetings meetings, about the project schedule and the findings and report them to potential impacts, including noise. KazAutoZhol and the Engineer Occupational Health Workers’ health and  Prepare an Occupational Health and Safety  Contractor to prepare Engineer to review and Safety safety Plan (OHS plan), including the items specified OHS plan. and approve OHS by Section F.9.3 of this IEE.  Contractor to provide plan  Ensure that subcontractors are provided with copies of the SEMP and copies of the SEMP and its OHS plan and that its OHS plan to they follow the OHS plan, including the subcontractors prior to requirements for the application of PPE. their access to the site.

Traffic safety Submit a Traffic Management Plan to local traffic Contractor to prepare the Engineer to approve authorities prior to mobilization. TMP. the TMP.

121 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

Subject Potential impact / issue Mitigation measures Responsibilities Monitoring

Emergency response Fires, explosions, Preparation of an Emergency Response Plan Contractor to prepare the Engineer to review earthquake, etc. (ERP). ERP and to approve the ERP.

Waste management Management of waste Preparation of a Waste Management Plan, Contractor to prepare plans Engineer to review materials including measures to reuse and recycle wastes and approve plans and measures to dispose of hazardous waste.

PCR Chance finds The Contractor shall prepare a Chance Find Contractor to prepare Engineer to review Procedure in accordance with the requirements of procedure and approve plans the GRK. Appendix H provides a sample procedure. Vibration Construction vibration The Contractor shall prepare Construction Contractor to prepare plans Engineer to review Vibration Management Plan (CVMP) in and approve plans accordance with the requirements specified in Section F.9.6 – Vibration of this IEE.

Noise Construction noise The Contractor shall prepare Construction Noise Contractor to prepare plans Engineer to review Management Plan in accordance with the and approve plans requirements specified in Section F.9.6 – Noise of this IEE. SEMP requirement SEMP preparation SEMP preparation. Contractor to prepare SEMP Engineer to review and approve SEMP

Including items into Bid A specific environmental and social section shall be KazAutoZhol to ensure EMP N/A documents included into the main Bid Documents indicating is included into Bid that the Contractor shall be responsible for following documents the requirements of this EMP. Project awareness GRM Prior to start of site works, the Contractor shall: Contractor Engineer  Provide the GRM to communities in the project impact zone.  Set-up and publicize a 24-hour hotline for complaints.  Ensure that names and contact numbers of representatives of GRC and the Contractor are placed on the notice boards on the construction site.

122 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

Table 29: Environmental Management Plan – Construction Phase Responsibility for Potential impact / Subject Mitigation measures Responsibilities Monitoring Monitoring and issue Schedule Air quality Open burning of No burning of debris or other materials will Contractor to Engineer’s ES Daily site waste management occur at camp or construction site. implement mitigation inspections, throughout construction period Rock crushing plant  Rock crushing plant shall be fitted with  Contractor to Engineer’s ES Daily site water sprinklers that will run continuously implement inspections, during dry periods while the plant is mitigation. throughout operational.  Engineer to construction period  If the sprinklers stop working, the plant routinely monitor shall also cease operation until the Contractor’s sprinklers are functioning. activities.  Water run-off from the sprinkler system shall not discharge directly to surface water courses without first passing through a silt trap or any other suitable device to prevent siltation of surface waters. Exhaust emissions  No furnaces, boilers or other similar plant  Contractor to Engineer’s ES Daily site from this operation of or equipment using any fuel that may implement inspections, construction produce air pollutants will be installed mitigation. throughout equipment without prior written consent of the  Engineer to construction period Engineer. routinely monitor  Construction equipment will be Contractor’s maintained to a good standard and fitted activities. with pollution control devices regularly monitored by the Contractor and Engineer. Exhaust from  Emissions from on-road and off-road  Contractor to Engineer’s ES Daily site construction vehicles vehicles should comply with national or implement inspections, regional programs. In the absence of mitigation. throughout these, the following should be considered:  Engineer to construction period  (i) Regardless of the size or type of routinely monitor vehicle, owners / operators should Contractors implement the manufacturer activities, recommended engine maintenance including vehicle programs. maintenance log  (ii) Drivers should be instructed on the books benefits of driving practices that reduced both the risk of accidents and fuel consumption, including measured acceleration and driving within safe speed 123 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

Responsibility for Potential impact / Subject Mitigation measures Responsibilities Monitoring Monitoring and issue Schedule limits.  (iii) Implement a regular vehicle maintenance and repair program. Dust  Watering of work sites  Contractor to Engineer’s ES Daily site implement inspections, mitigation. throughout  Engineer to construction period monitor activities. Fugitive emissions  Conveyor belts (e.g. at batching plants  Contractor to Engineer’s ES Daily site and rock crushing plants) shall be fitted implement inspections, with wind-boards, and conveyor transfer mitigation. throughout points and hopper discharge areas shall  Engineer to construction period be enclosed to minimize dust emission. routinely monitor  All trucks used for transporting materials Contractor’s to and from the site will be covered with activities. canvas tarpaulins.  Carry out watering for dust control at least 3 times a day: in the morning, at noon, and in the afternoon during dry weather with temperatures of over 25C, or in windy weather. Avoid overwatering as this may make the surrounding muddy.  • Earthwork operation to be suspended when the wind speed exceeds 20 km/h in areas within 500 m of any community. Soil erosion and Soil contamination  All fuel and chemical storage will be sited  Contractor to Engineer’s ES Daily site contamination on an impervious base within a bund and implement inspections, secured by fencing. mitigation. throughout  The storage area will be located away  Engineer to construction period from any watercourse or wetlands. review and  The base and bund walls will be approve bund impermeable and of sufficient capacity to prior to the start contain 110% of the volume of tank (or of construction. one tank if more than one tank is located  Engineer to in the bund). review and  The construction camp maintenance yard approve vehicle will be constructed on impervious platform fueling area prior with adequate drainage to collect spills. to the start of Tthere will be no vehicle maintenance construction activities on open ground.  Fueling will be strictly controlled and subject to formal procedures.

124 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

Responsibility for Potential impact / Subject Mitigation measures Responsibilities Monitoring Monitoring and issue Schedule  Drip pans will be placed under all fueling areas. Waste oils will be stored and disposed of by a licensed contractor.  All valves and trigger guns will be resistant to unauthorized interference and vandalism and be turned off and securely locked when not in use.  The contents of any tank or drum will be clearly marked. Measures will be taken to ensure that no contaminated discharges enter any soils.  Areas using bitumen will be constructed on impervious platform to prevent seepage of oils into the soils.  No bitumen drums or containers, full or used, will be stored on open ground. They will only be stored on impervious platform. Loss of topsoil  Locate topsoil stockpiles outside drainage Contractor to Engineer’s ES Daily site lines and protect stockpiles from erosion. implement mitigation inspections,  Construct diversion channels and silt throughout fences around the topsoil stockpiles to construction period prevent erosion and loss of topsoil.  Rip ground surface prior to the spreading of topsoil.  Remove unnecessary materials from topsoil such as roots of trees, rubble and waste etc.  Specifically regarding soil compaction, the Contractor will confine operation of heavy equipment within the RoW, as much as possible, to avoid soil compaction and damage to privately owned land.  If in case private lands are disturbed, the contractor should promptly inform the owner and agree on the ways to remedy the situation. Existing licensed For existing borrow pits a due diligence review Engineer to undertake N/A N/A borrow pits will be carried out by the Engineer to confirm due diligence review of that those sites identified for use by the existing borrow pits Contractor are indeed operating or operable in an appropriate manner. This will include review of the borrow pits operational license. The license should clearly show the validity of 125 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

Responsibility for Potential impact / Subject Mitigation measures Responsibilities Monitoring Monitoring and issue Schedule the operational period of the borrow pit. A copy of the agreement between the operator and the Contractor should also be provided to the Engineer. New borrow pits If the Contractor intends to open any new  Contractor to get Engineer’s ES Engineer to review borrow pits, they will require approval from a approvals from all approvals and range of local government institutions local authorities plans including an inter-regional committee of the and provide Region. The NPEIA will need to be prepared copies to the by consultants for the owner/operator (the Engineer. Contractor). In addition, for any new borrow pit  Contractor to to be operated by the Contractor, the prepare BPAP Contractor will be responsible for the preparation of a Borrow Pit Action Plan (BPAP). The BPAP will be submitted to the Engineer prior to the start of construction. The plan will identify the locations of all proposed borrow pits which will also be approved by both the Engineer and representatives of the Environmental Department. The plan shall ensure that:  Pit restoration will follow the completion of works in full compliance all applicable standards and specifications.  Arrangements for opening and using material borrow pits will contain enforceable provisions.  The excavation and restoration of the borrow pits and their surroundings, in an environmentally sound manner to the satisfaction of the Engineer will be required before final acceptance and payment under the terms of contracts.  Additional borrow pits will not be opened without the restoration of those areas no longer in use. Soil erosion  Material that is less susceptible to erosion Contractor to Engineer’s ES Daily site will be selected for placement around implement mitigation inspections, bridges and culverts. throughout  Re-vegetation of exposed areas construction period including; (i) selection of fast growing and grazing resistant species of local flora; (ii) immediate re-vegetation of all slopes and 126 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

Responsibility for Potential impact / Subject Mitigation measures Responsibilities Monitoring Monitoring and issue Schedule embankments if not covered with geotextile baskets; (iii) placement of fiber mats to encourage vegetation growth.  The Engineer and the Contractor will be responsible for ensuring that embankments are monitored continuously during construction for signs of erosion. Hydrology Surface and ground  Implementation of the specific mitigation Contractor to Engineer’s ES Daily site water pollution measures outlined under Construction implement mitigation inspections, Camps, above and Soil Contamination throughout below. construction period  Provide portable toilet facilities for workers at work sites. Biological diversity Impact on flora  all activities related to technological Contractor to Engineer’s ES Daily site processes is carried out only within the implement mitigation inspections, equipped areas, and the passage of throughout transport through off-road is excluded; construction period  strict compliance with sanitary and hygienic requirements, standards for the storage of fuel and lubricants, waste disposal, storage and transportation of household and technological waste is required. All solid waste is stored in containers for further transportation to landfills; Impact on fauna  compliance with the standards of noise Contractor to Engineer’s ES Daily site impact and maximum possible reduction implement mitigation inspections, of noise factor on the surrounding fauna; throughout  compliance with the standards of light construction period impact and maximum possible reduction of light factor on the surrounding fauna;  organization and implementation of emergency prevention activities;  fencing of the territory to prevent animals from accidentally entering the industrial site;  obligatory implementation of the whole complex of works on technical rehabilitation.  taking measures to prevent pollution in case of spills of oil, oil products and various chemicals;

127 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

Responsibility for Potential impact / Subject Mitigation measures Responsibilities Monitoring Monitoring and issue Schedule  carrying out animal monitoring.

Pesticides / No pesticides and herbicides shall be allowed Contractor to Engineer’s ES Daily site Herbicides during site clearance works. implement mitigation inspections, throughout construction period Waste and Spoil Recycle and reuse  Where possible, surplus materials will be Contractor to Engineer’s ES Monthly review of management reused or recycled. implement mitigation waste transfer acts  Used oil and lubricant shall be removed to determine if from site and sold to an approved used oil wastes are being recycling company. recycled

Inert solid and liquid  Provide refuse containers at each  Contractor to Engineer’s ES Daily site waste worksite. implement inspections,  Maintain all construction sites in a mitigation and throughout cleaner, tidy and safe condition. conduct training. construction period.  Waste storage containers shall be  Engineer to Regular review of covered, tip-proof, weatherproof and approve any Contractor’s training scavenger proof. waste disposal programs.  Train and instruct all personnel in waste site. management practices and procedures.  Collect and transport non-hazardous wastes to all approved disposal sites.  Keep copies of waste transfer acts on site.  Keep a record of waste on-site and waste removed. Asphalt and concrete  Unused or rejected tar or bituminous  Contractor to Engineer’s ES Daily site products shall be returned to the supplier. implement any inspections,  Waste concrete shall be crushed and re- recommendations throughout used as fill material, or base material for reusing construction period. where possible. asphalt  Under no circumstances should concrete  Contractor to mixers be washed out onto open ground implement at construction sites, such as artificial mitigation structures. Hazardous waste  Storage of hazardous waste shall be in  Contractor to Engineer’s ES Daily site specific secure locations as identified by implement inspections, the waste management plan. mitigation. throughout  Hazardous liquids must be stored within  Engineer to construction period. impermeable bunds (the bund should be approve waste Monthly review of able to contain at least 110% of the disposal site. waste transfer acts 128 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

Responsibility for Potential impact / Subject Mitigation measures Responsibilities Monitoring Monitoring and issue Schedule volume of the largest storage tank within  Engineer to the bund). review waste  Collect and temporarily store used transfer acts hazardous waste separately in specialized containers and place in safe and fire-free areas with impermeable floors roofs, at a safe distance from fire sources and according to the requirements of their SDS.  Training and suitable PPE will be provided to all personnel handling hazardous waste.  Disposal of waste materials shall be undertaken by a licensed waste management company. Keep copies of the companies licenses on record as well as the agreements with the company.  Keep records of the types and volumes of waste removed from the site on a weekly basis.  Keep copies of waste transfer acts. Transport and Utilities Transport The Contractor will: Contractor to Engineer’s ES Weekly site  Provide information to the public about the implement mitigation inspections, scope and schedule of construction throughout activities and expected disruptions and construction period access restrictions at least 24 hours before the disruptions;  Allow for adequate traffic flow around construction areas via diversions or temporary access roads;  If temporary access roads are to be constructed with a gravel surface they shall be routinely watered by the Contractor during dry weather to reduce dust impacts; and  Provide adequate traffic signs, appropriate lighting, well designed traffic safety signs, barriers and flag persons for traffic control.  Access roads for batching plants, etc, will be maintained during the construction phase and rehabilitated at the end of construction. 129 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

Responsibility for Potential impact / Subject Mitigation measures Responsibilities Monitoring Monitoring and issue Schedule Utilities  All utilities in the project area shall be kept Contractor to Engineer’s ES Weekly site operational, particularly during the winter implement mitigation inspections, months. throughout  The Contractor will be responsible for construction period liaising with the relevant utilities operators to ensure all utilities remain operational.  If utilities need relocating in a different location the Contractor will consult with the relevant utilities and local people to ensure that there is no change in supply as a result of these changes. Asphalt plants Emissions and noise  Asphalt plants will be located downwind of Contractor to Engineer’s ES Daily site residential areas and not within one implement mitigation inspections, kilometer of any residential area. throughout  Adequate PPE will be provided to staff construction period. working in areas of high noise and Monthly review of emissions. hazardous waste  Storage and Use of Hazardous Materials logbook (including bitumen):  Ensure all hazardous materials are stored (including within suitable sized bunds for liquids), handled and disposed of according to their Safety Data Sheet (SDS).  Copies of SDS will be kept on site with all hazardous materials.  The Contractor will keep a logbook of the type and volume of all hazardous wastes on site.  The Contractor will have a plan of site indicating where all hazardous materials are stored Vehicle movement The Contractor will include the asphalt plant in Contractor to Engineer’s ES Daily site his Traffic Management Plan, including haul implement mitigation inspections, routes from the plant. throughout construction period. Health and Safety  To prevent bitumen burns it will be Contractor to Engineer’s ES Daily site compulsory for the workers handling hot implement mitigation inspections, bitumen to wear full-body protection. throughout  All transportation, handling and storage of construction period. bitumen will be handled safely by experienced personnel.

130 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

Responsibility for Potential impact / Subject Mitigation measures Responsibilities Monitoring Monitoring and issue Schedule  The dust from the manufacturing process may pose respiratory hazards, hence protective air mask will be provided to the operators for the loading and unloading of aggregates.  Ear-muffs will be provided those working on the plant.  First Aid kit will be available on site for the workers in case of emergency.  The SDS for each chemical product will be made accessible onsite and displayed. Construction camps Pollution and  The Contractor will ensure that all of the Contractor to Engineer’s ES Daily site emissions following conditions are met: implement mitigation inspections,  Rain-water run-off arising on the site will throughout be collected, removed from the site via a construction period. suitable and properly designed temporary drainage system and disposed at a location and in a manner that will cause neither pollution nor nuisance. The drainage system will be fitted with oil and grease interceptors.  There will be no direct discharge of sanitary or wash water to surface water.  There will be no direct discharge of untreated sanitary or oily wastewater to surface water bodies.  Licensed contractors will be required to collect and disposal of liquid waste from the septic tanks on regular basis.  Disposal of materials such as, but not limited to, lubricating oil and onto the ground or water bodies will be prohibited.  Liquid material storage containment areas will not drain directly to surface water.  Waste water from vehicle washing bays will be free of pollutants if the wash bay has been constructed correctly.  Lubricating and fuel oil spills will be cleaned up immediately and spill cleanup materials will be maintained at the storage area.  Construction and work sites will be

131 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

Responsibility for Potential impact / Subject Mitigation measures Responsibilities Monitoring Monitoring and issue Schedule equipped with sanitary latrines that do not pollute surface waters and are connected to septic tanks, or waste water treatment facilities.  Discharge of sediment laden construction water directly into surface watercourses will be forbidden. Sediment laden construction water will be discharged into settling lagoons prior to final discharge.  Washing out concrete trucks at construction sites will be prohibited unless specific concrete washout areas are provided for this purpose at the construction site. The washouts will be impermeable and emptied when 75% full.  Spill cleanup equipment will be maintained on site (including at the site maintenance yard and vehicle fueling areas). The following conditions to avoid adverse impacts due to improper fuel and chemical storage:  Fueling operations will occur only within containment areas.  All fuel and chemical storage (if any) will be sited on an impervious base within a bund and secured by fencing. The storage area will be located away from any watercourse or wetlands. The base and bund walls will be impermeable and of sufficient capacity to contain 110% of the volume of tanks.  Fueling will be strictly controlled and subject to formal procedures and will take place within areas surrounded by bunds to contain spills / leaks of potentially contaminating liquids.  All valves and trigger guns will be resistant to unauthorized interference and vandalism and be turned off and securely locked when not in use.  The contents of any tank or drum will be clearly marked. Measures will be taken to ensure that no contaminated discharges 132 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

Responsibility for Potential impact / Subject Mitigation measures Responsibilities Monitoring Monitoring and issue Schedule enter soil.  Disposal of lubricating oil and other potentially hazardous liquids onto the ground or water bodies will be prohibited.  If any accidental spills occur immediate cleanup will be undertaken and all cleanup materials stored in a secure area for disposal.  By the Engineer’s requirement, the Contractor will provide a wash pit or a wheel washing and/or vehicle cleaning facility at the exits from the sites.  In this regard, the Contractor will ensure that all vehicles are properly cleaned (bodies and tires are free of sand and mud) prior to leaving the site areas.  The Contractor will provide necessary cleaning facilities on site and ensure that no water or debris from such cleaning operations is deposited off-site.  The Contractor will be responsible to maintain and cleanup campsites and respect the rights of local landowners. Concrete batching plants Pollution and  To limit impacts from dust, the following Contractor to Engineer’s ES Daily site emissions from conditions will apply: implement mitigation inspections, concrete batching  Batching plants will be located throughout plants downwind of residential areas and construction period. not within one kilometre of any residential area.  The entire batching area traversed by vehicles, including driveways leading into and out of the area, will be paved with a hard, impervious material.  Sand and aggregates will be delivered in a dampened state, using covered trucks. If the materials have dried out during transit they will be re- wetted before being dumped into the storage bunker.  Sand and aggregates will be stored in a bunker which shields the materials from winds. The bunker 133 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

Responsibility for Potential impact / Subject Mitigation measures Responsibilities Monitoring Monitoring and issue Schedule should enclose the stockpile on three sides. The walls should extend one metre above the height of the maximum quantity of raw material kept on site, and extend two metres beyond the front of the stockpile.  The bunker will be fitted with water sprays which keep the stored material damp at all times. Monitor the water content of the stockpile to ensure it is maintained in a damp condition.  Overhead storage bins will be totally enclosed. The swivel chute area and transfer point from the conveyor will also be enclosed.  Rubber curtain seals may be needed to protect the opening of the overhead bin from winds.  Conveyor belts which are exposed to the wind and used for raw material transfer will be effectively enclosed, to ensure dust is not blown off the conveyor during transit. Conveyor transfer points and hopper discharge areas will be fully enclosed.  Conveyor belts will be fitted with belt cleaners on the return side of the belt.  Weigh hoppers at front loader will be roofed and have weigh hoppers shrouded on three sides, to protect the contents from the wind. The raw materials transferred by the front loader should be damp, as they are taken from a dampened stockpile.  Store cement in sealed, dust-tight storage silos. All hatches, inspection points and duct work will be dust- tight.  Silos will be equipped with a high- level sensor alarm and an automatic delivery shut-down switch to prevent 134 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

Responsibility for Potential impact / Subject Mitigation measures Responsibilities Monitoring Monitoring and issue Schedule overfilling.  Cement dust emissions from the silo during filling operations must be minimised. The minimum acceptable performance is obtained using a fabric filter dust collector.  Totally enclose the cement weigh hopper, to ensure that dust cannot escape to the atmosphere.  An inspection of all dust control components will be performed routinely, for example, weekly.  All contaminated storm water and process wastewater will be collected and retained on site.  All sources of wastewater will be paved and bunded. The specific areas that will be paved and bunded include: the agitator washout area, the truck washing area, the concrete batching area, and any other area that may generate storm water contaminated with cement dust or residues.  Contaminated storm water and process wastewater will be captured and recycled by a system with the following specifications:  The system’s storage capacity must be sufficient to store the runoff from the bunded areas generated by 20 mm of rain.  Water captured by the bunds will be diverted to a collection pit and then pumped to a storage tank for recycling.  An outlet (overflow drain) in the bund, one metre upstream of the collection pit, will divert excess rainwater from the bunded area when the pit fills due to heavy rain (more than 20 mm of rain over 24 hours).  Collection pits should contain a 135 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

Responsibility for Potential impact / Subject Mitigation measures Responsibilities Monitoring Monitoring and issue Schedule sloping sludge interceptor, to separate water and sediments. The sloping surface enables easy removal of sludge and sediments.  Wastewater will be pumped from the collection pit to a recycling tank. The pit will have a primary pump triggered by a float switch and a backup pump which automatically activates if the primary fails.  Wastewater stored in the recycling tank needs to be reused at the earliest possible opportunity. This will restore the system’s storage capacity, ready to deal with wastewater generated by the next rainfall event. Reusing tank water include concrete batching, spraying over stockpiles for dust control and washing out agitators. Public Health and Safety HIV/AIDS  Subcontract with an Approved Service  Contractor to Engineer’s Annual review of Provider to provide an HIV Awareness implement Social awareness program Program to the Contractor’s Personnel mitigation. Safeguard activities and the Local Community.  Service Provider Specialist  Repeat the HIV Awareness Program at to implement intervals not exceeding four months. training.  Engineer to review program. COVID-19 The Contractor will ensure: Contractor to Engineer’s To submit summary  Availability of Health and Safety Plan with implement mitigation. Social to KazAutoZhol activities non-proliferation and prevention Safeguard of COVID-19 pandemic. Specialist  Preparedness and resource availability of medical facilities: masks, disinfectants, etc., isolation rooms  The medical staff should know the algorithm of actions when detecting symptoms of COVID-19. Code of Conduct The Contractor shall develop an induction Contractor to Engineer’s Routine program, including a Code of Conduct, for all implement mitigation. Social assessment of workers directly related to the project. A copy Safeguard workers staff to of the Code of Conduct is to be presented to Specialist determine if the all workers and signed by each worker. 136 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

Responsibility for Potential impact / Subject Mitigation measures Responsibilities Monitoring Monitoring and issue Schedule code of conduct has been presented. Monthly meetings The Contractor will be responsible for holding Contractor to Engineer’s Engineer’s ES to monthly community meetings within the implement mitigation. Social attend at all project area throughout the construction Safeguard community period. Specialist meetings Health and Safety Workers’ Health and  Safety Training Program: All workers will  Contractor to Engineer’s Daily site Safety be required to attend a safety induction implement Social inspections, course before they are allowed access to mitigation. Safeguard throughout the site.  Engineer to Specialist and construction period.  Develop a Safety Training Program review and Safety Periodic attendance including training to recognize and approve training Specialist at training courses respond to workplace chemical hazards. program to determine quality  Keep a logbook of training records and and numbers in safety incidents including near misses. attendance.  Safety Meetings conducted on a monthly basis.  Regularly inspect, test and maintain all safety equipment.  Equipment, which is damaged, dirty, incorrectly positioned or not in working order, shall be repaired or replaced immediately.  All construction plant and equipment used on or around the site shall be fitted with appropriate safety devices.  A fully equipped first aid base shall be provided at the Construction Camp and Asphalt Plant.  Coordinate with local public health officials and shall reach a documented understanding with regard to the use of hospitals and other community facilities.  Workers will be provided (before they commence works) with of appropriate PPE suitable for electrical work such as safety boots, helmets, goggles, protective clothes, and ear protection at no cost to the workers.  Provide portable toilet facilities for workers at road work sites.  Provide fencing with warning signs on all areas of excavation greater than 2 m 137 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

Responsibility for Potential impact / Subject Mitigation measures Responsibilities Monitoring Monitoring and issue Schedule deep. Subcontractors’  All subcontractors will be supplied with  Contractor to Engineer’s Routinely monitor Health and Safety copies of the SEMP. provide SEMP to Social subcontractors’  Provisions to be incorporated into all subcontractors. Safeguard activities subcontracts to ensure the compliance  Subcontractors to Specialist and with the SEMP. All subcontractors will be ensure Safety required to appoint a safety compliance with Specialist representative who shall be available on SEMP the site throughout work period. Noise Zones with noise level above 80 dBA must be Contractor to Engineer’s Daily site marked with safety signs and appropriate PPE implement mitigation. Social inspections and must be worn by workers. Safeguard monitoring (with Specialist and smartphone Safety technology) Specialist throughout construction period. PCR Impacts on historical In the event of any chance finds during the Contractor to Engineer’s Daily site and archeological construction works, procedures shall apply implement mitigation. Social inspections areas that are governed by the RK legislation and Safeguard throughout guidelines according to the Contractors Specialist and construction period. Chance Find Procedure. Safety Specialist Noise Construction noise  All mechanical plant is to be silenced by Contractor to Engineer’s Daily site the best practical means using current implement mitigation. Social inspections technology. Mechanical plant, including Safeguard throughout noise-suppression devices, should be Specialist and construction period. maintained to the manufacturer’s Safety specifications. Internal combustion Specialist engines are to be fitted with a suitable muffler in good repair.  Maintenance tools, machines and equipment so that they are in good conditions. When some wrong is found, they must be fixed immediately in order to reduce noise from the equipment.  Fit all pneumatic tools with an effective silencer on their air exhaust port.  Install less noisy movement/reversing warning systems for equipment and vehicles that will operate for extended periods, during sensitive times or in close proximity to sensitive sites. Health and 138 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

Responsibility for Potential impact / Subject Mitigation measures Responsibilities Monitoring Monitoring and issue Schedule safety requirements for use of warning systems must be followed.  Turn off plant when not being used.  All vehicular movements to and from the site to only occur during the scheduled normal working hours, unless approval has been granted by the Engineer.  Keep good conditions of trucks that use to transport construction materials so they cause no loud noise and control the truck speed, to be not exceeded 40 km/hr when driving through communities, and not exceeded 80 km/hr when driving on highways.  Provision of noise protection kits such as ear plug, earmuff, for workers who are working in the area with noise level is higher than 85 dB(A). It is designated as a regulation that workers must wear protection kits in case of working in a noisy area.  Audible reversing warning systems on mobile plant and vehicles should be a type which, whilst ensuring that they give proper warning, have a minimum noise impact on persons outside sites. Where practicable, alternative reversing warning systems should be employed to reduce the impact of noise outside sites. Vibration Construction vibration The Contractor shall follow the procedures Contractor to Engineer’s N/A described in Section F.9.6 of this IEE. implement mitigation. Environmental Specialist and Safety Specialist

139 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

Table 30: Environmental Management Plan – Operational Phase Potential impact / Subject Mitigation and Monitoring Measures Responsibilities issue Road Pollution  Use staging techniques to reduce the spread of paving materials during the repair of KazAutoZhol maintenance potholes and worn pavement.  Remove all waste, material, machinery and tool from the area after completion of works.  Reinstate disturbed areas – if the case.

Table 31: Pre-construction / Construction Phase Instrumental Monitoring

Subject Monitoring Location Schedule Responsibilities Reporting Air quality The main construction related air quality impact At worksites or Monitoring is carried The Engineer shall hire The certified laboratory will be from dust which can be observed through at locations out quarterly at the certified laboratory to shall provide the results to regular on-site monitoring by the Engineer. specified by specified perform the monitoring the Contractor within 10- the Engineer. construction sites. activities. 15 days after the Instrumental monitoring of air quality should monitoring activity. The only be undertaken at least at 3 points on the results shall be presented road construction site and/or in case of a in the Engineer’s monthly complaint from project stakeholders, or by the report to KazAutoZhol. Engineer’s requirement. The parameters and locations to monitor will depending on the issue, dust (measure PM or TSP), vehicle emission (measure nitrogen oxide and sulphur oxide, etc).

Noise Routine noise monitoring At worksites or Monitoring is carried The Engineer shall hire The certified laboratory at locations out quarterly at the certified laboratory to shall provide the results to specified by specified perform the monitoring the Contractor within 10- the Engineer. construction sites. activities. 15 days after the monitoring activity. The results shall be presented in the Engineer’s monthly report to KazAutoZhol. Vibration Vibration sensors for PPV monitoring At worksites or At the construction The Engineer shall hire Results will be recorded at locations phase certified laboratory to by the Contractor and specified by perform the monitoring submitted to the the Engineer. activities. Engineer, and then by the Monthly report to KazAutoZhol.

140 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

G.4 EMP costs

509. Most costs associated with the environmental recommendations of the EMP are a normal part of preparing the bid and contract documents and ensuring that proper environmental provisions are incorporated therein. For example, the installation of septic systems at construction camps is an environmental necessity, but not generally considered as an “environmental cost”. Table 32 lists the proposed mitigation measures where they would be “included in the project budget” as part of a bid document and where additional costs are a likely “environmental cost” beyond what would normally be included in a project budget.

Table 32: EMP costs Activity Item Number of units / Unit Cost estimate / Responsibility cost / US$ US$ Pre-construction SEMP and SEMP and Included in the project - Contractor associated plans associated plans construction costs Approval of camp Approval Included in the project - KazAutoZhol / locations construction costs Engineer Inclusion of Item in bid Included in the detailed - KazAutoZhol environmental items document design budget into bid documents Relevant permit Approval Included in the project - Contractor documents construction costs Total pre- $0 construction phase Construction Standard site Septic tanks Included in the project - Contractor management construction costs Additional Spill kits 10 / US$ 200 2000 Contractor environmental measures Bunds for fuel and Included in the project - Contractor lubricants construction costs Waste containers Included in the project - Contractor construction costs Waste storage Included in the project - Contractor areas construction costs Waste collection Included in the project - Contractor and disposal construction costs Storage areas for Included in the project - Contractor hazardous materials construction costs Sprinklers for rock Included in the project - Contractor crushing plant construction costs Drainage (including Included in the project - Contractor oil interceptors) construction costs Vehicle washing Included in the project - Contractor bay construction costs Fire safety Included in the project - Contractor construction costs PPE Included in the project - Contractor construction costs

141 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

Activity Item Number of units / Unit Cost estimate / Responsibility cost / US$ US$ Impervious base Included in the project - Contractor (for maintenance construction costs yards, bitumen storage, etc.) First aid equipment Included in the project - Contractor construction costs Animal crossings Included in the project - Contractor construction costs Fencing around - - Contractor PCR Water bowser Included in the project - Contractor construction costs Water sprinklers Included in the project - Contractor (rock crushing construction costs plant) Dust control Included in the project - Contractor equipment (rock construction costs crushing and batching plants) Tarpaulins Included in the project - Contractor construction costs Embankment Vegetation, labor Included in the project - Contractor vegetation and soil and maintenance budget erosion measures Noise Noise barriers Included in the project Contractor budget Training and Safety training Included in the project - Contractor awareness programs budget HIV/AIDS and Included in the project - Contractor СOVID-19 training budget Toolbox training Included in the project - Contractor budget Construction Included in the project - Contractor orientation meetings budget Periodic meetings Included in the project - Contractor with stakeholders budget Construction site Labor, waste Included in the project - Contractor clearance disposal budget Environmental staff Contractor’s 10 / US$ 500 5000 Contractor environmental specialist Contractor’s 10 / US$ 500 5000 Contractor H&S specialist Engineer’s 10 / US$ 500 5000 Engineer H&S specialist Engineer’s - - Engineer environmental specialist Total construction US$ 17 000 costs Total cost US$ 17 000

142 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

Table 33: Construction Phase Instrumental Monitoring Costs Activity / Item Frequency / Responsibility Unit cost Cost / US$ Air quality monitoring Contractor to hire certified laboratory 4*500 Estimated 2000 Noise monitoring Contractor to hire certified laboratory 4*500 2000

Surface water quality - monitoring Vibration monitoring Contractor to hire certified laboratory 4*500 2000 Total 6000

G.5 Specific EMP (SEPM)

510. The SEMP is the documents that the Contractor shall prepare outlining how he intends to implement the EMP and ensure that all of the mitigation and monitoring is completed according to the implementation arrangements specified in this EMP and the IEE as a whole. 511. The SEMP will describe the precise location of the required mitigation / monitoring, the persons responsible for the mitigation / monitoring, the schedule and reporting methodology. The SEMP will also include the following plans: (i) Topic specific plans: (a) Waste Management Plan (b) Traffic Management Plan (c) Health and Safety Plan with COVID 19 prevention measures (d) Emergency Response Plan (e) Air Quality Plan (f) Spill Response Plan (g) Vibration Monitoring Plan (h) Noise Management Plan (ii) Site specific plans: (a) Construction Camp Plan

512. The SEMP will be submitted to the Engineer and KazAutoZhol for approval. No access to the site will be allowed until the SEMP is approved by the Engineer and KazAutoZhol. G.6 Contractor requirements

513. The Contractor will be responsible for the preparation of the SEMP. The SEMP will need to be fully compliant with the EMP and this IEE as a whole. 514. During construction the Contractor must retain the qualification of an Environmental Specialist (ES) to implement and continually update the SEMP and to control and report on the operation throughout the contract period. The ES should be full-time member of staff on the Contractor’s roster and should be on site at least five days per week. 515. The required qualifications of the ES are as follows:  Degree in environmental science and related experience.  Fluent in Kazakh, Russian and English.  Work experience at least one construction project of similar size and scale.

516. The ES will be responsible for the preparation of environmental checklists and an environmental section of the Contractor’s monthly progress reports that shall be submitted to the Engineer for review. The Engineer shall provide a template of the checklist to the Contractor. 517. The monthly reports, which will include the weekly environmental checklists, shall contain sections relating to:

143 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

(i) General progress of the project. (ii) Environmental incidents: e.g.,spills of liquids, accidents, etc. (iii) Progress of any environmental initiatives: e.g., energy savings, recycling and etc. (iv) Records of any environmental monitoring, both observational and instrumental. (v) Conclusions and recommendations.

518. The ES shall provide daily toolbox training at the construction camp and also at construction sites. The ES shall keep a record of all monthly training and toolbox training undertaken. The Contractor shall also hire a qualified Health and Safety Specialists for the project duration. 519. The Contractor is also responsible for engaging external services from a certified laboratory for instrumental monitoring of air quality, noise and water during the construction phase. G.7 Engineer requirements

520. As noted in the mitigation plans above, the Engineer is tasked with specific responsibility to review designs and ensure compliance of construction works – with particular emphasis on the monitoring of implementation of EMP through the Contractor’s SEMP and related aspects of the project. 521. The Engineer will also be responsible for reviewing and approving the monthly reports prepared by the Contractor, especially the first monthly report, to ensure that it contains all of the required reporting elements, such as instrumental monitoring results. The Engineer will also be responsible for regular review and the Contractor’s attendance at environmental, health and safety training. 522. The Engineer should retain the use of Environmental Specialist to ensure that the Contractor is compliant with his environmental obligations. Terms of reference for the specialist is provided below.

Engineer’s Environmental Specialist

523. Scope of services: prior to the start of the project, the ES will:  Review the Contractor’s SEMP with KazAutoZhol safeguards staff to ensure that all relevant aspects of this IEE and its EMP are included before it is approved.  He / She will conduct environmental training sessions with the Contractor’s safeguards staff at the start of the project to provide at a minimum: o Environmental awareness on ADB and national environmental safeguard policies. o An understanding the IEE requirements . o Details of how the EMP should be implemented and monitored. 524. During the construction phase the main task of the ES is to undertake monitoring and reporting of Contractor’s compliance with contractual environmental mitigation measures. To do this he will:  Review all documents and reports related to integration of environmental safeguards, including the Contractor’s environmental action plan, control the Contractor’s compliance with the EMP (prepare monthly performance reports).  Check the Contractor’s monthly reports.  Undertake site visits according to mobilization schedule in order to inspect the Contractor’s works.  Provide assistance to KazAutoZhol safeguards staff when required.  Prepare quarterly environmental reports to be submitted to KazAutoZhol and the ADB.

144 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

525. Qualification: Experience of conducting environmental impact assessments and implementation of environment mitigation plans and/or monitoring implementation of environmental mitigation measures during implementation of road projects funded by developing partners, including the ADB. 526. Time Period: The ES shall be engaged throughout the construction period on the project to assist to KazAutoZhol, to carry out the monthly monitoring and site inspections, to check the Contractor’s reporting, to provide the necessary guidance on environmental issues during construction, and to prepare environmental monitoring reports. 527. The Engineer shall also retain a national health and safety specialist for the duration of the contract. The specialist will be responsible for the daily monitoring of health and safety aspects of the Contractor’s works as well as keeping a logbook of safety statistics. Engineer’s Health and Safety Specialist 528. Scope of services: He/she will (i) review all documents and reports regarding the integration of health and safety issues including the Contractor’s H&S Plan, Traffic Management Plan and Public Health and Safety Plan, (ii) supervise the Contractor’s compliance to these plans and the SEMP, and (iii) prepare monthly compliance logbooks, including a logbook of safety statistics. 529. Qualification: Degree or qualification in health and safety or equivalent. Preferably five years’ experience in conducting H&S audits and implementation of H&S plans during implementation of projects including road projects funded by developing partners. 530. Time Period – The specialist shall be employed permanently over the duration of the construction period. G.8 EMP implementation summary

531. The following Table summarizes the various institutional responsibilities for the implementation of the environmental management plans at various stages of the road construction project.

Table 34: EMP implementation Project Responsible Actions stage institution Detailed KazAutoZhol with the  Inclusion the EMP mitigation measures into the design Detailed design detailed design. consultant and the IEE team KazAutoZhol  Ensure that the EMP is included into the Contractor’s work scope. KazAutoZhol  Review the Contractor’s proposals to ensure that they are aware of the EMP and environmental management items as per the EMP are included in the BOQ.

Pre- Contractor  Prepare EMP/SSEMP. construction Contractor  Approvals / Licenses for construction camp sites (if necessary to update the existing) and borrow pits. Engineer, PMC and  Review and approve SSEMP. KazAutoZhol Engineer  Environmental training for the Contractor’s environmental specialist and personnel

Contractor and  Site induction training Engineer

145 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

Construction Contractor’s  Daily monitoring of environmental issues (production environmental base, road construction site) specialist  Preparation of weekly environmental checklists  Preparation of monthly environmental reports  Preparation of corrective actions Engineer, PMC and  Regular site visits to monitor the Contractor’s KazAutoZhol performance

Engineer and  Weekly monitoring of the Contractor’s EMP / SEMP by environmental the national environmental specialist. specialist  Issuing non-compliance notices to the Contractor  Monthly report submission to KazAutoZhol.  Submission of 1 quarterly report and 1 final report to KazAutoZhol and the ADB Operation KazAutoZhol  Environmental pollution during road operation

146 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

H. Public consultation, Information disclosure and Grievance redress mechanism H.1 Public consultations

532. According to the ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (2009): “The borrower/client will carry out meaningful consultation with affected people and other concerned stakeholders, including civil society, and facilitate their informed participation. Meaningful consultation is a process that: (i) Begins early in the project preparation stage and is carried out on an ongoing basis throughout the project cycle; (ii) Provides timely disclosure of relevant and adequate information that is understandable and readily accessible to affected people; (iii) Is undertaken in an atmosphere free of intimidation or coercion; (iv) Is gender inclusive and responsive, and tailored to the needs of disadvantaged and vulnerable groups; and (v) Enables the incorporation of all relevant views of affected people and other stakeholders into decision making, such as project design, mitigation measures, the sharing of development benefits and opportunities, and implementation issues. Consultation will be carried out in a manner commensurate with the impacts on affected communities. The consultation process and its results are to be documented and reflected in the environmental assessment report.”

533. Public consultations were held in October 2019 (in the framework of the national EIA process). The consultations were advertised in local newspapers two weeks prior to the event (see Appendix J). Names of all attendees can be found in Appendix J. 534. Pre-public consultations / additional consultations, project presentation have been undertaken in August 16, 2019 in line with ADB requirements outlined above for ‘meaningful consultations’. The following section provides an overview of the consultations. Note that this section only focuses on relevant environmental and social questions that were asked during the consultations. For social issues in detail arising from the consultations, the reader is referred to the LARP – “Social Due Diligence Report on the construction of Dossor Bypass (km 799 A-33 and km 507 A-27)”.

H.1.1 Summary of consultations

Table 35: Public consultation for the project Construction of Dossor bypass way, Makat district of Atyrau region

Date: 09.10.2019 time 3:00 p.m. Location: Dossor Akimat building

Panel members: 1. Yergozhiyeva Gulnar – Deputy Akim of Dossor village 2. Kurzhumova Saule – Head of work quality and acceptance department, KazAutoZhol Atyrau branch 3. Torebaliyev Maulen – Director of “InjenerProjectStroy” LLP 4. Serdaliyev Kanat – Consultant of ADB in the RK 5. Imbarova Sara – Social safeguard specialist of "ZS ENGINEERING" LLP

Program 1. Provision of information on detailed design. 2. Main directions of ADB Policy Statement (2009) on environmental and social safeguards.

147 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

3. Social safeguards and resettlement principles according to the ADB policy for the project, Grievance redress mechanism developed for the project.

Also information brochures were distributed to participants with information on issues indicated in the program.

List of Participants / 35 people see Appendix J Public consultation summary Question/Answer For more details see Appendix J Minutes of public consultation

1/Q: Design submission to the state expertise 1/A: Within the established time

2/Q: Cattle pass and culvert construction 2/A: As per the recommendations made by local people, there will be a cattle pass at PK9+00 and culverts at three locations on the salt affected areas;

3/Q: Job opportunity for local people 3/A: To be solved through negotiations with the Contractor and Akimat

4/Q: Control of large transport, passage and road construction material delivery not through the village 4/A: For trucks there will be a special bypass road;

148 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

5/Q:To provide car ramp, rest area and toilet 5/A: The proposal is taken into account

Н 2. Information disclosure planning

535. It is expected that in compliance with ADB SPS (2009) the document will be provided for disclosure on the ADB website and KazAutoZhol website. 536. KazAutoZhol will be responsible to notify and inform the public about construction activities prior to their commencement, publish an emergency response plan disclosing his intentions to deal with accidents and emergencies, including environmental/public health emergencies associated with hazardous material spills and similar events, etc. H.3 Grievance redress mechanism

537. Grievance redress procedures aim to provide an effective and systematic mechanism for the project in responding to queries, feedbacks and complaints from affected persons, other key stakeholders and the public.

H.3.1 Grievance redress levels and procedures

538. Any person impacted by or concerned about the project activities has the right to participate in the GRM, should have the easy access to it, and be encouraged to use it. The proposed GRM does not replace the public mechanisms of complaint and conflict resolution envisaged by the legal system of the RK, but attempts to minimize use of it to the extent possible. 539. Overall responsibility for timely implementation of GRM lies on the EA. The Construction Supervision Consultant and Contractor are responsible for the GRM process on the site. The Consultant’s team has a Social Safeguards Specialist, who keeps a register of complaints and appeals received by the Consultant. The staff of Lot 7 Contractor has a appointed Grievance Coordinator who keeps track of complaints received by them and resolves them within their competence and in cooperation with the Consultant’s Social Safeguards Specialist.

149 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

540. Relevant oblast, rayon and community Akimats, who are mandated by law to perform grievance redress related tasks, and mediators / non-governmental organizations (NGO), who are involved in facilitating amicable resolution of grievances are also included in the GRM. 541. The project GRM envisages two levels of grievance resolution for the road sector projects implemented under the supervision of the CFR: Grievance Redress Committees (GRC) at regional and central (Nur-sultan) levels. GRCs are usually composed of members nominated from CFR, PMC, CSC, Akimats, Contractor and etc. This GRM is similar to the existing one in “Aktobe-Makat” project. (Contact details of Grievance redress centers are provided in the Table 36 below).

GRM: Regional level

542. At the first stage, the resolution of grievance will be attempted through GRC at regional level through the following steps. 543. Grievance registration: complainants or concerned individuals can visit, call or send a letter or e-mail to village Akimat. The Contractor will install a special transparent box in the Akimat of Dossor village, indicating the contact details of the persons responsible for receiving and considering applications. The local population, as well as the workers involved in the project, will have the opportunity to reach out to the CSC’s Social Safeguards Specialist. 544. Also, applicants can contact Grievance Coordinator in the regional branch of “NC “KazAutoZhol” JSC, where also the transparent box will be installed. Receipt of grievances lodged in person, via phone, through a letter or e-mail will be acknowledged. The GRC at the regional level also considers the anonymous complaints, in case the complainant refuses to provide contact details or no contact information is available in the grievance received by e- mail / fax. Grievances will be recorded in a standard format, provided in the Table 36. 545. Grievance processing: Queries and complaints that are clarified and resolved at the intake point are closed immediately. Cases requiring further assessment and action are considered by the GRC at regional level. The GRC at regional level: (i) holds meetings on bi- monthly basis, however special meetings for particular cases can be arranged as necessary and (ii) discusses the grievance case within ten working days and recommend its settlement to parties. GRC coordinator at regional level circulates relevant information among the members of GRC, prepares Minutes of GRC meeting and progress reports, and ensures that actions and decisions are properly documented. 546. Feedback provision: Receipt of grievances lodged in person or via phone will be acknowledged. Receipt of grievances received through a letter or e-mail or acknowledged through a letter / e-mail / fax within 3 working days upon receipt by GRC coordinator at regional level. In case the grievance is not related to project activities or impacts generated due to the project implementation and cannot be considered under this GRM Guideline, the feedback will be provided to the complaining party specifying to which entity (village / district / regional level Akimat, as relevant) it has been forwarded. 547. If grievance was resolved at regional level, the complaining party will be informed of the outcome. In case of anonymous complaints, the printed response will be posted at the information board of “NC “KazAutoZhol” JSC regional branch, as well as at the information board of the relevant village / district / regional Akimat, and at the Contractor’s construction camp. 548. If grievance was not resolved at the regional level and was passed to the GRC at the central level for consideration and resolution, appropriate information will be provided to the complaining party, including the date when the case was passed to GRC at the central level and the date by which the outcome at the central level is expected.

150 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

GRM: Central level

549. After unsuccessful consideration of grievance by the GRC at the regional level, complaint resolution will be attempted at a central level through following steps. 550. Grievance processing: The GRC at central level: (i) holds meetings on monthly basis, however special meetings for particular cases can be arranged, as necessary; and (ii) discusses the grievance case within twenty working days and recommend its settlement to parties. GRC coordinator at central level circulates relevant information among the members of GRC, prepares Minutes of GRC meeting and progress reports, and ensures that actions and decisions are properly documented. 551. Feedback provision: If the grievance was resolved, the complaining party will be informed on the outcome of grievance resolution. If grievance was not resolved by the GRC at central level, appropriate information will be provided to the complaining party, including details why the case was not resolved, as well as recommendation to seek for resolution within the RK legal system. 552. For anonymous grievances or in cases when the complainant refused to provide contact details, outcomes of resolution process will be posted on the information boards of relevant regional branch of “NC KazAutoZhol” JSC and relevant village / district / regional Akimats. 553. The GRM was presented during public consultations in 2015 and 2019 and it will be presented during the public consultations to be arranged prior to the construction activities. The information of grievance resolution will be summarized in EA/CFR progress reports, also social safeguard monitoring reports to be submitted to the ADB. 554. In order to ensure effective functioning of the GRM, capacity building sessions for local authorities were held during public consultations in August and October 2019, as well as during a public survey and interviews with specialists from the Akimat of Dossor village in March 2020.

GRM: Legal system

555. If after the intervention and assistance from the GRCs at both regional and central levels, no solution has been reached, and if the grievance redress system fails to satisfy the complaining parties, the case will be referred to the court for resolution in accordance with the GRK legislation. 556. In the meantime, it should also be emphasized that the GRM Guideline does not limit the right of the complaining party to submit the case to the court of law in the first stage of grievance process.

H.3.2 Grievance focal points

557. Affected persons or other concerned individuals may visit, call or send a letter or fax to GRC at the regional level for Atyrau region, according to the Table 36 “Grievance registration form” attached. 558. Source: Guideline on grievance redress mechanism on environment and social safeguards for road sector projects, 2014 TA-7566 REG: Strengthening and Use of country safeguard systems – Community consultation and grievance redress mechanism.

151 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

Table 36

GRIEVANCE REGISTRATION FORM CONTACT INFORMATION Name: Gender: □ Male / □ Female

Address:

Village: Telephone:

District and Region: E-mail:

Anonymous grievance: □ Yes / □ No Preferred mode of communication for feedback: □ Mail / □ Phone / □ E-mail DESCRIPTION OF GRIEVANCE / SUGGESTION / QUESTION Please provide details (who, what, where, when) of your grievance below:

In case any other actions were undertaken by the complainant with respect to the grievance case, please provide details on past actions (if any):

Please provide details on your suggested resolution for grievance:

GRIEVANCE REGISTRATION DETAILS Name of registrant:

Organization: Position:

How the grievance was lodged: □ in person / Type of grievance: □ mail / □ e-mail / □ phone / □ fax / □______□ type A / □ type B / □ type C Documents attached: Grievance is relevant to project: □ Yes / □ No if “No” it was forwarded to: ______

Remarks:

Signature of registrant: Date of grievance:

152 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

Grievance coordination center

Concerned individuals can visit, call or send a letter or fax to GRC at the regional level for Atyrau region.

GRC contact details on Atyrau region (regional level) “NC “KazAutoZhol” JSC Atyrau regional branch Address: 5 Isatay street, Atyrau Phone: 8 (7122) 29 - 06 -75, Fax: 8 (7122) 29- 06 - 75, E-mail: [email protected]

Akimat of Dossor village Address: Makat district, Dossor village 100 Suleimenov street

At the central level the key persons are: I) Head of GRC: Taenova R. – Director of Project expertise department; II) Coordinator of GRC: Ibrayeva D. - Chief Specialist of Project expertise department.

GRC contact details (central level)

Address: 32/1 Kabanbay Batyr avenue, Nus-sultan, 010000, Kazakhstan, Committee for Roads, Ministry of investments and infrastructural development of the Republic of Kazakhstan, phone: +7 (7172) 75-46-41 E-mail: [email protected]

H.3.3 Communication

559. Prior to the start of works, the Contractor shall:  Communicate the GRM to communities in the project impact zone.  Set-up a 24-hour hotline for complaints.  Ensure that names and contact numbers of representatives of GRC and the Contractor are placed on the information boards at the construction site.

ADB Accountability Mechanism Policy, 2012

560. In addition to the GRM, the ADB has also developed its Accountability Mechanism (AM) Policy. The AM provides a forum where people adversely affected by ADB-assisted projects can voice and seek solutions to their problems and report alleged non-compliance with ADB's operational policies and procedures. It consists of two separate but complementary functions: problem solving function and compliance review function. The objective of the Accountability Mechanism Policy 2012 is to be accountable to people for ADB-assisted projects as a last resort mechanism.

153 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

H.3.4 Disclosure of the Grievance process

561. The complaints resolution process was presented formally during the public consultations. The grievance redress mechanism will also be presented during routine community meetings in the project area during the construction phase of the project.

154 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

I. Conclusions and Recommendations

I.1 Conclusions

562. The IEE and its consultation process established that there were no significant environmental issues that could not be either totally prevented or adequately mitigated to levels acceptable Kazakhstan and international standards. As such, based on the existing ADB Safeguards Policy (2009), this Project falls under ADB’s Category B. 563. The project has only positive impact. It provides reducing traffic pressure on the road passes through Dossor village in Makat district, also preservation of favourable village environment, it also takes into account the issues of providing access of livestock to pastures, provides access road to the legal entity affected by the project. The project will make it possible to solve the issue of spontaneous landfills that have not been solved for the last 25 years and are a source of negative impact on the population. I.2 Recommendations

564. The Bid documents state that the Contractor will be responsible for the implementation of the EMP requirements through his own SEMP which will adopt all of the conditions of the EMP and add site specific elements. This ensures that all potential bidders are aware of the environmental requirements of the project and its associated environmental costs. 565. The EMP and all its requirements will then be added to the Contractors Contract, thereby making implementation of the EMP as a legal requirement according to the Contract. He will then prepare his SEMP which will be approved and monitored by the Engineer and KazAutoZhol. If the Engineer note any non-conformance with the SEMP (and the EMP) the Contractor can be held liable for breach of the contractual obligations of the EMP. To ensure compliance with the SEMP, the Contractor should employ an environmental specialist to monitor and report project activities throughout the project construction phase.

155 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

APPENDIX A Project Presentation with Equipment and Personnel Mobilization, Road Construction Material Preparation

156 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

APPENDIX B

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS

The following section provides a summary of the existing conditions, both illustrative and descriptive, along the route to enable the reader to understand the general environmental conditions of the project.

Dossor village

Beginning of the road Aktobe-Atyrau-border of RF to Astrakhan. There is no plant or pasture.

End of the road Dossor- Kulsary. There is no plant or pasture.

157 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

End of the road Dossor- Kulsary

End of the road Dossor- Kulsary. A cattle pass will be at PK as requested by local people during public consultation

158 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

APPENDIX C

SEISMIC HAZARD MAP

159 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

APPENDIX D

EMISSION SOURCES LOCATION MAP

160 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

161 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

162 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

163 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

164 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

APPENDIX Е

165 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

166 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

167 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

168 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

APPENDIX F Noise level calculation for the operational phase

169 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

APPENDIX G Letter confirming the absence of Protected Area and migration route

170 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

171 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

APPENDIX H

CHANCE FIND PROCEDURE

Purpose of the chance find procedure The chance find procedure is a project-specific procedure that outlines actions required if previously unknown heritage resources, particularly archaeological resources, are encountered during project construction or operation. A Chance Find Procedure, as described in IFC Performance Standard 8 is a process that prevents chance finds from being disturbed until an assessment by a competent specialist is made and actions consistent with the requirements are implemented.

172 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

Appendix I Advertisement on the local newspaper about the public consultation

“InjenerProjectStroy” LLP will arrange the public consultation regarding working design for the “Construction of Dossor bypass way, Makat district of Atyrau region”. Date and Time of the public consultation: October 9, 2019, time 3.00 p.m. Venue: conference hall of Akimat building, Dossor village, 100 G.Suleimenova street, Makat district, Atyrau region. State environmental expertise authority: State Institution “Natural resources management and environmental control” Employer: Republic State Institution “Committee for Roads, Ministry of industry and infrastructural development of the Republic of Kazakhstan” Organizer: “InjenerProjectStroy” LLP, phone 8 700-215-02-97, e-mail [email protected]

173 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

174 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

Appendix J Minutes of Public consultation was in Dossor on October 9, 2019

175 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

176 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

177 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

178 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

179 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

180 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

List of Participants of the Public consultation was in Dossor on October 9, 2019

181 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

182 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

183 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

APPENDIX K Reports of Baseline Air Quality Monitoring on the project road

184 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

185 CAREC Corridors 1 and 6 Connector Road (Construction of Dossor Bypass Way) Initial Environmental Examination

186