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Roof Typology and Composition in Traditional Japanese Architecture
Roof Typology and Composition in Traditional Japanese Architecture I Introduction…………………………………………………………………...1 II Basic Roof Forms, Structures and Materials………………………………….3 II.1 Basic Roof Forms II.1.1 Kirizuma, Yosemune and Irimoya II.1.2 Combined Roofs II.1.3 Gable Entered (tsuma-iri) and Side Entered (hira-iri) II.2 Roof Trusses II.2.1 Sasu-gumi II.2.2 Wagoya II.2.3 Shintsuka-gumi II.2.4 Noboribari-gumi II.2.5 Combined Systems II.3 Roofing Materials II.3.1 Tile II.3.2 Thatch II.3.3 Wood: Planks, Shingle and Bark III Traditional Japanese Architecture III.1 Prehistoric and Antique Architecture………..………………………………11 III.1.1 Tateana Jukyo III.1.2 Takayuka Jukyo III.1.3 Nara Period Residences III.1.4 Menkiho III.2 Shinto Shrines……………………………………………………………….18 III.2.1 Shimei, Taisha and Sumiyoshi Styles III.2.2 Nagare and Kasuga Styles III.2.3 Later Styles III.3 Aristocrats’ Houses………………………………………………………….25 III.3.1 Shinden Style III.3.2 Shoin Style III.4 Common People Houses: Minka…………………………………………….29 III.4.1 Structure III.4.2 Type of Spaces III.4.3 Plan Evolution III.4.4 Building Restrictions III.4.5 Diversity of Styles III.4.5.1.1 City Dwellings, machiya III.4.5.1.2 Farmers’ Single Ridge Style Houses III.4.5.1.3 Farmers’ Bunto Style Houses III.4.5.1.4 Farmers’ Multiple Ridges Style Houses IV Relation Between Different Functional Spaces and the Roof Form………….48 IV.1 Type 1 ……………………………………………………………………..50 IV.2 Type 2 ……………………………………………………………………..67 IV.3 Type 3 ……………………………………………………………………..80 V The Hierarchy Between Functionally Different Spaces Expressed Trough the Roof Design………………………………………………………………….109 VI Conclusion……………………………………………………………..…….119 I- Introduction The purpose of this study is to analyze the typology and the composition of the roofs in Japanese traditional architecture. -
EPOK Student Forum 2015 年春期 EPOK 受入れ学生フォーラム JULY 31, 2015 @ Presentation Room EPOK (Exchange Program of Okayama) Course
Spring 2015 EPOK Student Forum 2015 年春期 EPOK 受入れ学生フォーラム JULY 31, 2015 @ Presentation Room EPOK (Exchange Program of Okayama) Course Center for Global Partnerships & Education Okayama University 2015 年夏、EPOKを修了するみなさん、修了おめでとうございます。 岡山大学での留学生活の中でみなさんがしてきた経験や出会いのすべてが、こ れからの人生の宝になることと信じます。 岡山大学のEPOKプログラムはみなさんが参加することによって、その経 験を通じてより生き生きとした力強いものになってきました。この留学を通じ て、岡山大学がみなさんにとっての学び舎のひとつになったことを光栄に思い ます。 皆さんの未来に祝福あれ。 Congratulations on your completion of EPOK at Okayama University. All of your experiences and encounters in your life in Japan will be indispensable treasure in your life. It would be our great pleasure to share a part of your treasure. I am also pleased that you have made a part of the EPOK history which will continue to grow. Best wishes for your bright future. July 30, 2015 山本洋子 (Yoko YAMAMOTO) Director Center for Global Partnerships and Education Okayama University 祝 EPOK 修了! 2014 年秋期および 2015 年春期 EPOK 生のうち 17 名が、2015 年 8 月、岡山大学 での留学生活を修了します。それぞれが努力して、日本語の力を伸ばし、日本社会や 文化について教室の内外で学びました。EPOK の修了プロジェクトは、そうした学習 成果の中から各自が最も興味深かったテーマを一つ選び、共有するものです。 EPOKを修了するみなさんは、家族や友や慣れた日常と離れ、日本という異文化 の中で暮らす経験を通して、良いことも困難なことも合わせて、個人としてより強く たくましくなった自分を発見したことと思います。 この留学生活の中であたらしく得た自分と友達がなによりの宝になることでしょう。 みなさん、修了おめでとうございます。 In August 2015, the twelve of 2014-Fall students and five of 2015-Spring students are to complete EPOK program at Okayama University. In this EPOK Essay collection, the students share their individual research interest, findings and analysis as their final EPOK project. The compilation of the writing whose topic was chosen by each student shows a good variety of the student’s interest in studying “Japan.” In the course of EPOK these students have well achieved their own goals by strengthening Nihon-go and intercultural communication skill as they furthered the understandings of society and cultures of Japan through own experiences. -
Japan Heritage: Telling the Tales Behind Historical Sites
Series Policy-Related News Japan Heritage: Telling the Tales Behind Historical Sites World Heritage Site listings and Town of Early-Modern Times the designation of Cultural Properties -Tomonoura,with its Sepia Tones are primarily intended to protect Enveloped in the Evening Calm of sites. But Japan Heritage introduces the Seto Inland Sea.” Sixty-seven the stories and historical context Japan Heritage stories have been behind local Tangible and Intangible recognized so far. Cultural Properties in various regions, Mitsunobu Nakajima from showcasing their appeal in a new the cultural resources utilization light. The recognizing body of Japan division at the Agency for Cultural Heritage—the Agency for Cultural Affairs explains that the Japan Affairs—shares its aims for the project. Heritage project was created to recognize the value of cultural 1 properties in local communities TAKAYOSHI YAMABE in greater historical and and outside Japan. For example, geographical contexts rather than the story of Misasa Town in Tottori INCE 2015, the Agency for independently. Prefecture, which was recognized Cultural Affairs has been “Learning the historical and as Japan Heritage in 2015, “A Site for recognizing Japan Heritage cultural background of fine arts Purifying the Six Roots of Perception stories, responding to and crafts allows us to appreciate and Healing the Six Senses—Japan’s Sapplications from municipal and them on a deeper level,” he Most Dangerous National Treasure prefectural governments across explains. “For instance, the and a World-Famous Radon Hot Japan. This project recognizes local knowledge that another piece of Spring,” integrated the arduous community efforts to introduce art in a distant region affected mountain paths and steep slopes their culture and traditions through the creation of an Important up to Nageiredo, a small Buddhist the unique historical elements Cultural Property creates a new temple designated as a National and cultural properties they prize, dimension for enjoying the Treasure, into the tale. -
Japan and Inner Asia: Some Connections
SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS Number 209 April, 2011 Japan and Inner Asia: Some Connections by Mark A. Riddle Victor H. Mair, Editor Sino-Platonic Papers Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 19104-6305 USA [email protected] www.sino-platonic.org SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS FOUNDED 1986 Editor-in-Chief VICTOR H. MAIR Associate Editors PAULA ROBERTS MARK SWOFFORD ISSN 2157-9679 (print) 2157-9687 (online) SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS is an occasional series dedicated to making available to specialists and the interested public the results of research that, because of its unconventional or controversial nature, might otherwise go unpublished. The editor-in-chief actively encourages younger, not yet well established, scholars and independent authors to submit manuscripts for consideration. Contributions in any of the major scholarly languages of the world, including romanized modern standard Mandarin (MSM) and Japanese, are acceptable. In special circumstances, papers written in one of the Sinitic topolects (fangyan) may be considered for publication. Although the chief focus of Sino-Platonic Papers is on the intercultural relations of China with other peoples, challenging and creative studies on a wide variety of philological subjects will be entertained. This series is not the place for safe, sober, and stodgy presentations. Sino- Platonic Papers prefers lively work that, while taking reasonable risks to advance the field, capitalizes on brilliant new insights into the development of civilization. Submissions are regularly sent out to be refereed, and extensive editorial suggestions for revision may be offered. Sino-Platonic Papers emphasizes substance over form. We do, however, strongly recommend that prospective authors consult our style guidelines at www.sino-platonic.org/stylesheet.doc. -
Ema: Display Practices of Edo Period Votive Paintings
EMA: DISPLAY PRACTICES OF EDO PERIOD VOTIVE PAINTINGS A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF ART AND ART HISTORY AND THE COMMITTEE ON GRADUATE STUDIES OF STANFORD UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Hilary Katherine Snow July 2010 © 2010 by Hilary Katherine Snow. All Rights Reserved. Re-distributed by Stanford University under license with the author. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution- Noncommercial 3.0 United States License. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/us/ This dissertation is online at: http://purl.stanford.edu/rd900xq7448 Includes supplemental files: 1. (Snow_Figures.pdf) ii I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Melinda Takeuchi, Primary Adviser I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Bissera Pentcheva I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Richard Vinograd I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Karen Wigen Approved for the Stanford University Committee on Graduate Studies. Patricia J. Gumport, Vice Provost Graduate Education This signature page was generated electronically upon submission of this dissertation in electronic format. -
Timeless Hospitality Welcomes International Guests
123rd year | no. 42,725 ISSN 0289-1956 © THE JAPAN TIMES, LTD., 2019 G20 host cities special TUESDAY, MARCH 5, 2019 ① ⑥ NISEKO MT. RESORT GRAND HIRAFU ⑤ ©OSAKA CONVENTION & TOURISM BUREAU ② Osaka, Osaka Prefecture ⑦ G20 Summit Meeting June 28 to 29 Kutchan, Hokkaido Prefecture Niigata, Niigata Prefecture Tourism Ministers’ Meeting Agriculture Ministers’ Meeting Oct. 25 to 26 May 11 to 12 Tsukuba, Ibaraki Prefecture Okayama, Okayama Prefecture Ministerial Meeting on Health Ministers’ Meeting Trade and Digital Economy Oct. 19 to 20 June 8 to 9 Matsuyama, Ehime Prefecture Karuizawa, Nagano Prefecture Labour and Employment Ministerial Meeting on Energy Transitions Ministers’ Meeting and Global Environment for Sept. 1 to 2 Sustainable Growth ③ ⑧ CITY OF MATSUYAMA June 15 to 16 KARUIZAWA TOURIST ASSOCIATION Fukuoka, Fukuoka Prefecture Finance Ministers and Nagoya, Aichi Prefecture Central Bank Governors Meeting Foreign Ministers’ Meeting June 8 to 9 Nov. 22 to 23 ① Bandai Bridge on the Shinano River. ② Okayama Castle overlooking Korakuen Garden. ③ Dogo Onsen Honkan (hot spring). ④ Seaside Momochi featuring famed Fukuoka Tower. ⑤ Osaka Castle. ⑥ Mount Yotei. ⑦ Tsukuba, with Mount Tsukuba in the distance. ⑧ Karuizawa Shaw Memorial Church. ⑨ Oasis 21 (bus terminal and commercial facilities) and Nagoya TV Tower. ④ ⑨ CITY OF FUKUOKA AICHI PREFECTURE Timeless hospitality welcomes international guests apan is gearing up to host its first-ever forum concentrates on global economic Indonesia, Mexico, South Korea, South Southeast Asian Nations (Thailand), -
Tourism Inventory of Okayama Prefecture: an Analysis on Main Sightseeing Spots in Terms of the Number of Tourists
Journal of the Faculty of Environmental Science and Technology, Okayama University Vol.22, No.1, pp.1-28, March 2017 Tourism Inventory of Okayama Prefecture: An Analysis on Main Sightseeing Spots in terms of the Number of Tourists Fumikazu ICHIMINAMI*, Meltem Okur 'ø1d62< DQG(QYHU Erdinç 'ø1d62< At the early stage of this paper, Okayama prefecture was analyzed by the author focusing on the tendency of main sightseeing-areas based on the number of tourists for three decades (Ichiminami, 2002). In this study, the main sightseeing spots in Okayama pref. are also examined and the developments are explained in a more detailed and updated perspective by extending over current features and the number of tourists. One of the important reasons in a significant increase in tourists in Okayama is the opening of the highways, the bullet train and cross-linking of the Seto Ohashi Bridge. At the same time, there are some waves in the increase or decrease of the tourist trends appearing from several vital developments such as environmental, climatic, social, economic and spatial. In this regard, research objectives of the study are mainly based on investigating and making a comprehensive study on main sightseeing spots in Okayama pref. to find new tourism values and to provide a tourism inventory of Okayama pref. by means of information, data and clues from the field in/between the tourist destinations such as hotel guests, gardens and castles. Therefore, Okayama pref. has a rich potential of historical and cultural heritage in terms of spatial planning and growth. The important point is that the structural adaptation between historical and cultural assets and the city life should be provided and protected for domestic and foreign tourism as much as creating better futures in health tourism, gastronomy tourism, cultural tourism, belief tourism, congress tourism, thematic tourism and local tourism. -
Maxine and Peter's Japan Travelogue
Maxine and Peter’s Japan Travelogue Sunday, 11/9: We were up early to catch a 5:30 limo to the airport. That’s an ungodly hour, to be sure, but we were all psyched up about the trip. After a short flight to Chicago, we boarded an All Nippon Airways plane for the long leg of the trip, 13 hours to Tokyo. It was interesting to look at the on-screen flight map about one-third of the way through the trip and see that we were almost directly over Denali National Park in Alaska, which we visited a few years ago. Flying business class made the flight less of a travail that it would have been otherwise, we could actually stretch out and catch a nap, and we enjoyed two surprisingly good Japanese meals (“western” food was available as well). Even so, after the long flight we were really ready to get off the plane at the end. Not your run-of-the-mill airplane food! Monday 11/10: Thanks to the International Date Line, it was the afternoon of the next day when we landed in Tokyo. We caught our connecting flight for the short hop to Osaka, where we arrived at about 6:30 PM local time. After a problem-free trip of many thousands of miles, we ran into our first (and only) glitch—the prearranged taxi was not waiting. Showing us our first glimpse of the Japanese focus on service, the taxi coordinator at the terminal was quite upset, apologized profusely, and got us another car in 15 minutes. -
Ueda Akinari (1734-1809)
UEDA AKINARI (1734-1809): SCHOLAR, POET, WHITER OF FICTION by Blake Morgan Young B.A., University of Alberta, 1966 M.A., University of British Columbia, 1969 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in the Department of Asian Studies We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA February, 1976 (c) Bit J :o r.or.;:s"! Youn-":, l°7o In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements f( an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, I agree tha the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. I further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the Head of my Department or by his representatives. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Department of /i>,,an Sti<<Itt± The University of British Columbia 2075 Wesbrook Place Vancouver, Canada V6T 1W5 Date 3o lh,;). )"/ 76 ABSTRACT Ueda Akinari was born in Osaka in 1734 to an unwed mother but, adopted by a prosperous merchant who lived nearby, he grew up in well- to-do circumstances in the commercial center of eighteenth-century Japan* His temperament inclined him toward literature and scholarship, but the more utilitarian values of the merchant class in which he was raised led to an inner conflict that he resolved, if at all, only during the last few years of his life* When his adoptive father -
Information to Users
INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter free, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6” x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor MI 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 UGETSUMONOGATARI, KAIDAN, AKINARI: AN EXAMINATION OF THE REALITY OF THE SUPERNATURAL IN EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY JAPAN DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Noriko T. -
Nichiren's Nationalism: a Buddhist Rhetoric of a Shinto Teaching
Nichiren's Nationalism: A Buddhist Rhetoric of a Shinto Teaching by Achilles S.C. Gacis ISBN: 1-58112-110-5 DISSERTATION.COM USA • 2000 Nichiren's Nationalism: A Buddhist Rhetoric of a Shinto Teaching Copyright © 2000 Achilles S.C. Gacis All rights reserved. Dissertation.com USA • 2000 ISBN: 1-58112-110-5 www.dissertation.com/library/1121105a.htm NICHIREN'S NATIONALISM: A BUDDHIST RHETORIC OF A SHINTO— TEACHING A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN RELIGION AUGUST 1992 BY Achilles S.C. Gacis Thesis Committee: George Tanabe, Chairman David Chappell Anatole Lyovin ii TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE............................v Summary of Contents ..................vii CHAPTER ONE Religion and Nationalism in Early Kamakura Society.....................1 Historical Background ..................2 Religious Answers to National Problems..........4 Shinto— ..........................5 Buddhism: Kamakura's Five Reformers ...........9 Ho— nen......................... 11 Eisai ......................... 13 Shinran ........................ 15 Do— gen......................... 19 Conclusion....................... 24 CHAPTER TWO Nichiren........................ 26 Nichiren's Life: A Buddhist-Shinto— Fusion ....... 27 CHAPTER THREE Nationalism in Nichiren's Writings........... 41 Nichiren's Principle for Spiritual Conversion: Shakubuku ............ 44 Nichiren: The Religious Politician........... 46 Nichiren's Affirmation of Shinto— ............ 48 Final Conclusion.................... 54 Bibliography...................... 56 iii At this time the heavenly deities, all with one command, said to the two deities Izanagi-nö-Mikötö and Izanami-nö-Mikötö: "Complete and solidify this drifting land!" Giving them the Heavenly Jeweled Spear, they entrusted the mission to them. Thereupon, the two deities stood on the Heavenly Floating Bridge and lowering the jeweled spear, stirred with it. -
Himeji Castle: Design and Meaning of Its Roofs
HIMEJI CASTLE: DESIGN AND MEANING OF ITS ROOFS DR. ADRIANA PICCININI HIGASHINO Architectural Department, Akashi National College of Technology 679-3 Nishioka, Uozumi-cho, Akashi-shi, Hyogo-ken, 674-8501 Japan Abstract: From the top of the hill, Himeji castle chiefly commands the landscape of Himeji city. The castle’s superposed roofs and the form and complexity of the roof design are the castle’s most charming and intriguing features. This paper helps the reader to decipher and understand the meaning of Himeji castle’s roofs. In order to place Himeji castle temporally and culturally, at first, the author explains the architectural typologies of traditional Japanese roofs in general and the castle building tradition. Examining key buildings contemporary to Himeji Castle, such as Edo Castle Honmaru Palace, The author shows how the roof forms of medieval Japan were related to the space sheltered under them and how they were used to express social status and to socially organize space. The author also analyzes and discusses Himeji Castle’s roof typology. Here through the study of Himeji Castle’s roof design the reader will understand how the different shapes of roofs were used to express the social organization of feudal Japanese society and how they worked as a stylistic system. Keywords: Himeji Castle, Edo Castle Honmaru Palace, roof design, hierarchical status, karahafu, hipped-gabled roof 1. Introduction Himeji castle is an important feature of the Himeji city landscape. The castle is a physical expression of a now romanticized historic period, an age of incredible warlords and samurais. Himeji Castle’s design is an aesthetic expression of this epoch society’s values, its symbolic design charms and characterizes the city of Himeji.