POLA-THESIS-2016.Pdf (1.583Mb)
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Female sonorities: Theoretical inquiries on the feminine voice and the musical experience; a study of three women. by Marusia Pola Mayorga, M.M A Thesis In Musicology Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Texas Tech University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Music Approved Dr. Christopher J. Smith Chair of Committee Dr. Lauryn Salazar Dr. Peter Martens Mark Sheridan Dean of the Graduate School August, 2016 Copyright 2016, Marusia Pola Mayorga Texas Tech University, Marusia Pola Mayorga, August, 2016 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my beloved family and friends for their continuous support and love. My most sincere thanks also goes to my wonderful mentor and main advisor, Dr. Christopher Smith. His wonderful guidance helped me throughout the time of research and writing and I will always cherish his wisdoms and life lessons. Besides my advisor, I would like to thank the rest of my thesis committee: Dr. Salazar and Dr. Martens and their wonderful encouragement and insightful comments. I also want to thank to all Texas Tech School of Music faculty for their guidance and teaching. ii Texas Tech University, Marusia Pola Mayorga, August, 2016 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .................................................................................... ii ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................... iv I. INTRODUCTION: SEARCHING FOR THE FEMININE VOICE ............ 1 Review of Related Research ....................................................................... 2 Methodology and Materials ........................................................................ 5 II. GENDER PERFORMATIVITY IN RANCHERO MEXICAN MUSIC: CHAVELA VARGAS AND THE ‘ETERNAL FEMININE’ ........................ 10 Framing cultural models ........................................................................... 14 Music performativity and feminist agendas in Vargas’s reinterpretation of ranchero music. ......................................................................................... 16 III. MALDITO!!: MUSICAL LYRICISM AND THE FEMININE EMBODIMENT OF TRANSGRESSION IN A POST-PUNK RIOT GRRRL ............................................................................................................... 34 Setting Context: Rocking’ in Mexico ....................................................... 35 Jessy Bulbo: The last Mexican riot grrrl. .................................................. 37 Maldito!!: Transgressive poetics and musical narratives .......................... 42 Changemonium: The search for a Mexican futuristic sound .................... 48 IV. THE OTHER WOMEN: THE FEMININE VOICE OF LEIKA MOCHAN ............................................................................................................ 59 Kaleidojismos: Sound kaleidcospe and musical subjects. ........................ 64 Challenging archetypes: The two women inside Leika. ........................... 72 V. CONCLUSION AND FINAL THOUGHTS ................................................ 84 BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................... 91 iii Texas Tech University, Marusia Pola Mayorga, August, 2016 ABSTRACT Patriarchal ideologies and attitudes have obscured, concealed, and devalued women’s music over centuries. However important or vital their engagement, women’s role in music has been submitted to a historical process of invisibility. Either as composers, patrons and teachers, women role in Music history is still going through a historical revisionism that aims to proclaim their historical place within the musical history. Regarding the significant efforts, women creative role in music is still regarded as something different that deals with the problems of misrepresentation and notions of ‘otherness’. This problematic approach to women-in music raises many questions relevant to my own research and my own role within music. I seek an approach to the study of women in music as a history within which female education, gender power relations and domestication converge, raising issues of colonialism and gender empowering. By looking at female musical bodies as recipients of memory, capable of multiple incarnations, I design an analytical model of the nuances and cultural and creative implications surrounding women’s music work. I aim for a model of female musical identity proceeding from a non-prejudice theoretical frame that considers the multiple bodies implicated in the creative process of female performers and artists. By looking at the multiple strategies and socio- cultural frames used by selected female musicians I developed a scholarly perspective which can examine the creative process to reveal context, content and intention. iv Texas Tech University, Marusia Pola Mayorga, August, 2016 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION: SEARCHING FOR THE FEMININE VOICE 1991’s Feminine Endings by Susan McClary was one of the first full-length titles in the musicological literature to directly address problematics regarding gender and sexuality.1 Twenty-four years later, McClary’s critical approach still resonates strongly in our field. However, twenty-four years later, her call for a unique scholarly approach capable of addressing the work of women within a post-colonial non- patriarchal discourse remains unanswered. Patriarchal ideologies and attitudes have obscured, concealed, and devalued women’s music over centuries. However important or vital their engagement, women’s role in music has been submitted to a historical process of invisibility. Whether as composers, patrons and teachers, women’s role in music history is still going through a historical revisionism that seeks to more accurately understand their historical place within music. Women’s creative role in music is still regarded as an area of difference, one that deals with problematics of misrepresentation and notions of ‘otherness’. Compilations like the New Historical Anthology of Music by Women issued by Indiana University Press in 2004 or courses on women in music are certainly legitimate efforts to address these issues. However, the fundamental problem of considering women’s musical work as something else outside the ‘canon’ and standard 1 Susan McClary, Feminine Endings: Music, Gender and Sexuality (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1991). 1 Texas Tech University, Marusia Pola Mayorga, August, 2016 curriculum still reveals elements of patriarchal ideologies.2 The study of women and music is still taught as a “special topic,” beyond, or separate from, the mainstream curriculum. This “othering” approach to women in music raises questions relevant to my own research and my own role within music. I seek an approach to the study of women in music as a history within which female education, gender power relations, and domestication converge, raising issues of colonialism and gender empowerment. I wish to build a discourse through which analysis of a female embodiment of the creative process can illuminate women’s musical history and artistic experiences. By looking at female musical bodies as recipients of memory, capable of multiple incarnations, I propose different theoretical models of the nuances and cultural and creative implications surrounding women’s music work. I seek a non-prejudiced theoretical frame that considers the multiple musical bodies implicated in the creative process of female performers and artists. In this document I provide a close reading of the work of three different Mexican artists and unfold some of the multiple musical strategies and socio-cultural frames used by them, in order to develop a scholarly perspective which can reveal context, content, and intention. Review of Related Research Feminist critical approaches greatly enlivened the discipline of musicology in the 1970s, when scholars produced seminal research critiques of women’s role in 2 James R Briscoe, ed. New Historical Anthology of Music by Women, (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2004). 2 Texas Tech University, Marusia Pola Mayorga, August, 2016 music history.3 Susan McClary and Marcia J. Citron are two who have guided musicological work in this direction.4 Works like Gender and the Musical Canon (1993) and Feminine Endings (1991) open the path to a more engaged research in which the history of women and the “feminine” in music is not forgotten.5 Both are influential works in music literature and their theoretical frames and multi-disciplinary approaches greatly impact my own work. The search for a true ‘feminine voice’, one that is able to explain and reflect, from a non-patriarchal basis, the music and artistic process of female musicians is one of the research premises fundamental to my own work. Queering the Pitch: The New Gay and Lesbian Musicology (1994), edited by Philip Brett, Elizabeth Wood and Gary C. Thomas, is another seminal piece of scholarly literature: the first collection of gay and lesbian critical theory in music and musicology.6 The work problematizes music analysis through a gendered approach which permits discussion of notions of sexuality and sexual identity. Under this schema, it is possible to identify musical agency and political intention by looking at how gender construction and identity is articulated through a musical discourse, another central topic of my research. Towards a Twenty-First-Century Feminist Politics of Music is a more recent work, published in 2010, that proposes a new way of