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Home , Ankara University, Bilkent University, Cinnah Caddesi, Istanbul Okan University, John Freely, Kastamonu University

ARIT NEWSLETTER American Research Institute in Number 63, Fall 2020

President and , Elif Denel and Zeynep C. Brian Rose, University of Pennsylvania, 2023 LETTER FROM Immediate Past President THE PRESIDENT Simavi, as well as their staffs. Even A. Kevin Reinhart though, in a way, we are further apart Vice President I think it would fair to say that than we have ever been due to the Beatrice Manz, Tufts University, 2023 Secretary the year 2020 has been unlike any quarantine, we’re also closer together. Nikolay Antov, University of Arkansas, 2023 other that we’ve experienced due to Our programming and social events Treasurer used to be restricted to those who Brian Peasnall, University of Delaware, 2023 the COVID-19 pandemic. ARIT has Directors continued to function well, with a wide were physically present in Istanbul Timothy Harrison, University of Toronto, 2021 range of new online programming, and , but now that our public Kathleen Lynch, University of Cincinnati, 2023 Sylvia Önder, Georgetown University, 2022 even though we were forced to shut events are broadcast and recorded on Van Pulley, at-large, 2021 temporarily the branch offices in Zoom, we can reach members of the Tyler Jo Smith, University of Virginia, 2022 Yücel Yanıkdağ, University of Richmond, 2021 Ankara and Istanbul until the virus ARIT community wherever in the Honorary Director is under control and restrictions on world they might be. Although the Lee Striker in-person interactions are lifted. transition from actual to virtual events Institutional Members Archaeological Institute of America When precisely that will happen is has not been easy for many of us, it University of Arizona has had a transformational effect on University of Arkansas still unclear, although we are hoping University to have the offices open again in the every American Overseas Research Brown University Bryn Mawr College spring of 2021, and to welcome twice Center, including ARIT, and we will University of California, Berkeley as many Turkish fellows and accelerate our virtual programming as University of California, Los Angeles University of California, San Diego summer interns in 2021. we move forward, even when the threat University of Central Florida We are at our best when things of COVID-19 has faded. University of Chicago University of Cincinnati around us are at their worst, and this Against all expectations, American Columbia University year has witnessed a striking level field projects have continued with in- Cornell University The Council of American Overseas Research of creativity in the development of person work at Turkish archaeological Centers sites (figs. 1, 2). For several months, Dartmouth College online programs. For that we need to Duke University thank our branch directors in Ankara between March and May of 2020, we Dumbarton Oaks Emory University Georgetown University George Mason University Harvard University University of Illinois Indiana University University of Maryland University of Michigan Michigan State University University of Minnesota University of Nebraska University of North Carolina Northwestern University Ohio State University University of Pennsylvania Portland State University Princeton University Rutgers University Stanford University Texas A & M University University of Texas, Austin University of Toronto Tufts University Tulane University University of Virginia Washington University, Saint Louis University of Washington Yale University Figure 1: The excavation team in August 2020. 1 were uncertain whether any kind of in donations across the board, so I creativity, and perseverance we have fieldwork would be possible this year. ask those of you who can to consider been able to navigate nearly a year- In the end, most of the projects had a increasing your contribution to the long pandemic and maintain the shortened season in July or August, Institute this year, so that we can Institute’s stability and programming. although in most cases without new continue to provide the levels of service This is especially true for Elif, Zeynep, excavation. All of us followed safety that we have continually strived to and Nancy, who consistently searched procedures throughout our seasons, offer. As I wrote to you last year, if we for new and innovative ways of including the wearing of masks, are to maintain the strength of our highlighting the Institute’s programs morning temperature checks, the fellowship program, we need to begin while disseminating information about installation of several hand-sanitizer endowing them. This is an excellent our activities to an increasingly wider stations, and staggered seating at meals. opportunity for you to honor your audience. We’re hoping for full seasons with mentors or supporters with a named excavation in the summer of 2021 if the fellowship, and it can of course be a C. Brian Rose health situation allows us to do so. provision in your estate planning. President Maintaining the strength of the I close again by extending my branches in Istanbul and Ankara has thanks to all of you for your energetic not been easy in 2020 due to a decline support of ARIT. With your resilience,

Figure 2: Emre Şahinoğlu and Muradiye Öztaşkın analyzing ceramics at Aphrodisias in July of 2020. 2 ARIT-ISTANBUL Gölönü (State University of New fellowship and internship program BRANCH NEWS York at Buffalo) spoke on “Nativist with Hillsdale College had to pause. Modernism and Cultural Difference in However, our summer language Istanbul Branch News Turkish Republican Painting” (fig. 3). fellows will retain their fellowships for There was also Dr. Gareth Winrow’s the following summer. The good news Looking back to the last year, like talk on his new book, Whispers Across that the fellowship everyone else across the world, we at Continents: In Search of the Robinsons, program received another year of ARIT Istanbul have gone through two in which he traces the of the funding, and Hillsdale College rolled completely different experiences. Until Robinson family from Lincolnshire to over their internship funds to 2021, the first case of COVID-19 announced Constantinople and other parts of the cheered us all, as we hope to welcome in Turkey in mid-March, our programs world, as the political and economic twice as many Turkish language and operations in Istanbul went on upheavals of the late 19th and early fellows and summer interns in 2021, as usual with in-person interactions. 20th centuries impacted the lives of its COVID-19 permitting. Since then, though we adjusted our members. Although it was a lonely summer work to be compatible with our new When the pandemic hit Turkey, we without our fellows and interns in reality of social distancing, we are very had to postpone in-person programs Istanbul, it was not a quiet one. More much looking forward to the time when and started to work remotely following material from The American Board of it is safe again to gather our fellows, government regulations. Currently Missions Archives became available on colleagues, and Friends in person for ARIT Istanbul’s main library collection SALT Research website https://archives. ARIT programs. remains inaccessible due to the closure saltresearch.org/handle/123456789/1. As we ended 2019 and welcomed of the ANAMED facility until Spring Another exciting development to 2020, ARIT Istanbul continued its 2021, however our American Board bring more attention to this important robust programs of book talks and of Missions library collection has been collection in Turkey is an undertaking scholarly lectures on a variety of topics, welcoming researchers since June at by Dr. Batu Bozoğlu, faculty member from Ottoman history to Turkish our Kallavi Sokak location. at and art, from Jewish music in Istanbul to It was an unusual summer in performance artist. Batu is working Turkish literature by ARIT fellows. Istanbul as our Turkish language on a performance art project about There were also talks by established scholars and recent PhDs with the aim of showcasing new scholarship on Turkey subjects in the humanities and social . Some highlights of these programs, which are fully listed below, include a joint lecture given by our Toni M. Cross-William D. E. Coulson Aegean exchange fellow Dr. Georgios Theotokis and his partner in this project Dr. Aysel Yıldız, bringing together their expertise in Byzantine and Ottoman history respectively to examine Esirî Hasan Ağa’s “Advice to the Commanders and Soldiers.” Their goal is to understand the transmission of military knowledge along the Habsburg-Ottoman frontiers. Our ARIT fellow Dr. Joseph Alpar’s talk on the Shabbat musical practice in the Jewish community of Istanbul was co-organized with our colleagues at Figure 3: ARIT-NEH fellow Dr. Berin Gölönü speaking on “Nativist Modernism and the Orient-Institute Istanbul, while Cultural Difference in Turkish Republican Painting” at ANAMED Auditorium our ARIT-NEH Fellow Dr. Berin in January 2020. 3 trauma narratives in the Ottoman as well (fig. 4). In June, we published a tomb on behalf of Mr. Timothy Rawe. Empire during World War I. This visitor’s guide http://www.ferikoycemetery. Mr. Rawe graciously made a generous summer, he led a four-week workshop org/visitor-guide/ authored by Brian donation to ARIT to support the work entitled “Photographs of Pain: Reading Johnson and Richard Wittmann, of the Feriköy Protestant Cemetery American Board of Commissioners acting director of the Orient-Institute Initiative, for which we are very for Foreign Missions Archives” hosted Istanbul. German and Turkish grateful. online by SALT Research, where our translations of the guide are underway. Istanbul Friends of ARIT enjoyed librarian Brian Johnson introduced the The ongoing documentation of the site an underground city walking tour of archive to the workshop participants. results in constant new discoveries, Byzantine Istanbul in November 2019 To ensure the continuity of the hence we decided to share new (figs. 5, 6), followed by a weekend trip cataloguing and digitization of the research findings via a newsletter to to Mudurnu which brought the Ankara collection, we set up an online program keep interested parties abreast of the and Istanbul Friends together. In with our project partners at SALT. work carried out at this important January 2020, Brian Johnson led a ten- Our long time FARIT member, Mary landmark. The first issue will come day long trip to Egypt, which was our Berkmen, is now safely volunteering out at the end of this year and will be last tour. Once it became clear that in- from home, and we will have virtual available on the Initiative’s website person programming could not take interns this Spring to work on the http://www.ferikoycemetery.org/. Last, but place any time soon, we switched our collection until it is safe to resume the not least, another project that Brian scheduled FARIT tours for the Spring work on site. undertook at the Cemetery was to and Summer to online presentations. It was a robust summer for the conduct research to identify, locate, Dr. Ivana Jevtic, who was going to lead Feriköy Protestant Cemetery Project and arrange the restoration of a family a tour in for FARIT Istanbul,

Figure 4: Dr. Brian Johnson, ARIT-Istanbul librarian, giving a Zoom presentation on the Feriköy Protestant Cemetery in July 2020. 4 gave an online presentation on the Byzantine heritage in Thessaloniki, and Brian Johnson’s annual Feriköy Protestant Cemetery tour was also conducted online. Our former fellow Timur Hammond’s plans to come to Istanbul and lead a tour of Eyüp for FARIT Istanbul had to be cancelled, but he gave a presentation via Zoom on his upcoming book instead. One positive result of online programming is that ARIT friends and supporters can participate in our programs no matter what part of the world they are in, and it has been very rewarding to see many long- time friends as well as new faces at our online lectures. ARIT Ankara and Istanbul work together more closely as we align our schedules to allow for Figure 5: Istanbul Friends visiting Şerefiye Cistern with Dr. Feridun Özgümüş during the more joint programming, and this year underground walking tour of Byzantine Istanbul. we organized the FARIT open house jointly via Zoom. Our heartfelt thanks go to all the scholars and colleagues who took the time from their busy schedules to give book talks, lectures, and tours, and to serve on fellowship committees; to all FARIT members and program participants for their support; with a special mention of the FARIT Steering Committee members: Aylin McCarthy, Ali Ertenu, Neslihan Tonbul, Başak Kızıldemir, Sinan Ceylan, Nedret Butler, Yaprak Archibald Uras, and Alan Mellaart. It has been quite an unexpected and challenging year, but also one filled with generosity, understanding, resilience, and creativity demonstrated every day by each and every person with whom we cross paths to fulfill the mission of ARIT in Istanbul despite hardships. I would like to express my Figure 6: Istanbul Friends exploring the Byzantine and Seljuk heritage in Istanbul in an sincere gratitude to the ARIT Istanbul underground tour led by Dr. Feridun Özgümüş. team and to all our colleagues, Friends, and supporters in Turkey and abroad.

Zeynep Simavi Istanbul Branch Director

5 2019-2020 ARIT-Istanbul Lectures 2012), “Making Islam Public: Eyüp (in chronological order) and the of Print Culture in 1950s Istanbul” v Dr. Gareth Winrow (Oxford Uni- versity), “Whispers Across Continents: Ilse and George Hanfmann and In Search of the Robinsons” Machteld J. Mellink Fellows 2020- v Dr. Aysel Yıldız and Dr. Georgios 2021 Theotokis (Ibn Haldun University, Toni M. Cross-William D. E. Coul- The fellowships for academic year son Aegean Exchange Fellow), “Es- 2020-2021 are shared among five win- irî Hasan Ağa’s “Advice to the Com- ners, whose funding periods vary be- manders and Soldiers”: A case study in tween three and seven months. The the transmission of military knowledge scholars will conduct research at a along the Habsburg-Ottoman fron- wide range of institutions in the United ARIT ISTANBUL tiers” States, Austria, Belgium, Greece, and REPRESENTATIVE OFFICE: v Dr. Berin Gölönü (State University the United Kingdom. of New York at Buffalo, ARIT NEH Research Fellow), “Nativist Modern- v Gencay Öztürk () will Zeynep Simavi, Director ism and Cultural Difference in Turkish conduct archival and library research ARIT-Istanbul Republican Painting” at Harvard University, and receive ANAMED v Dr. Joseph Alpar (Bennington Col- Gemology training from Dr. Çiğdem İstiklal Caddesi No. 181 lege, ARIT ECA Fellow of 2015 and Lüle for his project Lydian Archeo-Gemol- Beyoğlu, İstanbul 2020), “Between Tradition and Trans- ogy in the Light of Sardis Findings. 34433 Turkey formation: Shabbat Musical Practice v Dr. Yadigar Doğan (Akdeniz Uni- in the Jewish Community of Istanbul” versity) will be conducting research at v Tel: +90 (212) 393-6072 Dr. Özge Koçak Hemmat (Univer- the for her proj- E-Mail: [email protected] sity of Chicago), “The Turkish Novel ect Contributions to Epigraphic Studies of the and the Quest for Rationality” Milyas: The Inscriptions from Elmalı Mu- v Doğa Öztürk (Ohio State Universi- seum. ty), “An “Ottoman Moment” in Egypt: v Dr. Orçun Erdoğan (Hatay Musta- ARIT ISTANBUL ANNEX: The Young Turk Revolution of 1908” fa Kemal University) will be at Oxford University for his project Settlement Pat- 2019-2020 FARIT Istanbul Tours tern and Architecture of the Late Antique Vil- Dr. Brian Johnson, Librarian and Online Presentations (in lages in Southern Anatolia. ARIT-Istanbul chronological order) v Burak Sönmez (Süleyman Demirel Kallavi Sokak 30, Ece Han Kat 6 University) will be at the Leuven Uni- Beyoğlu, İstanbul v A walking tour of underground Is- versity to conduct research on his proj- 34430 Turkey tanbul, led by Dr. Feridun Özgümüş ect Ceramic Production and Trade Relations v A weekend tour of Mudurnu, led by in the Seleukeia Sidera Antique City during Dr. Ayşe Ege Yıldırım the Roman Period. Tel: +90 (212) 257-8111 v v E-Mail: [email protected] A 10-day trip to Egypt, led by Dr. Özge Acar () will Brian Johnson be at the National and Kapodistrian v Dr. Ivana Jevtic (Koç University), University of for her project “Byzantine Art and Thessaloniki” Greek Theatrical Performances during Prin- v Dr. Brian Johnson (ARIT Istanbul), cipatus Period Asia Minor: Roman Perspec- “Graves of the Franks: From Galata tives and Imperial Policies. and Beyoğlu to Feriköy” v Dr. Timur Hammond (Syracuse University, ARIT ECA Fellow of

6 ARIT-ANKARA BRANCH NEWS dynamics of online conferences, scholars who came from a wide variety symposia, meetings, and even of institutions: , Ankara Branch News socializing. Interestingly, these new Atılım University, , dynamics reduced the distance , TED University In the fall of 2019 and well into between us, whether we reside in and METU in Ankara, Istanbul 2020, Ankara ARIT continued in the same city or across continents. University, Mimar Sinan University, operation, maintaining as much Nevertheless, they made us appreciate Boğaziçi University and Koç University normalcy as possible during the global the personal and intellectual value in Istanbul, Mustafa Kemal University COVID-19 pandemic, and planning of in-person interaction and face-to- in Antakya, University, for future events in anticipation of the face . We have had no Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Ahi return of normalcy. online meetings or lectures in which Evran University in Kırşehir, Karabük Archaeological projects initially participants did not reminisce about University, , hoped to carry out a full season of field our past lecture gatherings. Durham University in England, Penn work during the summer of 2020, but Museum, and Princeton University in those plans had to be revised when Toni M. Cross Library the U.S. In addition, one Fulbright the 42nd International Symposium A total of 134 books and offprints scholar and another independent of Excavations, Surveys, and and 66 issues of 40 journals have scholar used the library resources Archaeometry was cancelled, and most been added to Toni M. Cross Library frequently before the onset of the fieldwork could be conducted only in since the fall of 2019. We extend our pandemic. an extremely limited fashion and with gratitude to our donors, Amy Pett, Our librarian, Özlem Eser, small numbers of participants. New Bahadır Duman and the Tripolis contacted the Adnan Ötüken Library restrictions on sample collection and Team, Catherine Peppers, Elif Denel, to donate Adnan Ötüken’s personal analysis also recently emerged, which Engin Coşar (TANAP/Trans Anadolu collection of books, which ARIT had may have some effect on the research Doğal Gaz Boru Hattı Projesi), agendas of archaeological projects. Hatçe Baltacıoğlu, Kudret Emiroğlu, This development made it clear that Matthew Harpster, Nick Cahill, Fikret the scientific aspects of archaeological Yegül, Göç İdaresi Genel Müdürlüğü, research in Turkey need to be more Hacı Bektaş Veli Dergah Vakfı, Koç widely disseminated. University, — All public events were also deeply The Research Center of Cilician affected, in Turkey as in the rest of Archaeology, Municipality of Nilüfer the world, with the new necessity of at Bursa, Römisch-Germanischen social distancing. ARIT had planned Kommission des Deutschen to collaborate with Ankara University Archäologischen Instituts, TINA/ on the organization of the colloquium Turkish Underwater Archaeology Hermogenes and his Legacy, focused on the Foundation, and METU-TAÇDAM. work of an important second century While our library collection Electronic Communication: B.C. architect who worked extensively continued to grow, we were unable If you would like to receive the in Asia Minor. The colloquium was to remain open to the general public ARIT Newsletter and other initially scheduled for March 18, 2020 due to the initiation of COVID-19 from ARIT by at the Muzaffer Göker Conference Hall restrictions in mid-March. We did, e-mail, please send a message of Ankara University, and was to be however, provide help to those who conveying your preference and followed by the conference Hermogenes needed articles or book chapters by contact information to and Hellenistic-Roman Temple Building in sending pdf copies through e-mail, [email protected] Greece and Asia Minor on March 28, 2020 and we allowed students and scholars in the ARIT office. at the Penn Museum in Philadelphia. to visit the library by appointment. As Both events were indefinitely postponed such, we had 29 visitors (4 Americans when social distancing and curfews and 25 Turkish nationals) since the late began in mid-March in Turkey. fall of 2019, who visited the library 92 We are now adjusting to the new times. Most visitors were advanced

7 received in 2018 along with the library not only a world-renowned scholar, History of Art), Water Source Management collection of art historian Prof. Yıldız but also Özlem’s professor and thesis of the Mycenaeans and the Hittites: Profane Ötüken from Hacettepe University. advisor at Hacettepe University. or Cult? Adnan Ötüken, who passed away v Elif Kevser Özer (Boğaziçi University, in 1972, was Prof. Ötüken’s father, W. D. E. Coulson and Toni M. History Department), Apelasis, An Attempt as well as a prominent educator, Cross Aegean Exchange Fellows to Map Memory and Belonging librarian, and one of the founders of 2020 the National Library in Ankara. The There are two winners of the ARIT-Ankara Lectures Adnan Ötüken Library accepted 39 of Coulson-Cross Aegean Exchange v Jeremy Salt, who has recently retired these books, the rest of which we hope Fellowship for 2020. They both plan from the Political program at to donate to Hacettepe University or on conducting their studies in Greece Bilkent University, gave a lecture at other institutions with a specialization as soon as conditions enable them to Ankara ARIT in November 2019, “Some in and Turcology. Finally, travel across the Aegean and resume Ruminations on Late Ottoman History,” we are deeply saddened that Yıldız their ongoing research. based largely on his recent publication, Hoca became a victim of the recent v Çiğdem Maner (Koç University, The Last Ottoman Wars: The Human Cost, pandemic in early September. She was Department of Archaeology and 1877-1923.

Figure 7: The Istanbul and Ankara Friends visited the Pertev Naili Boratav Cultural House at Mudurnu, which had functioned as the headquarters of Kuvay-i Milliye at . The President of the Mudurnu Association of Culture, Tourism, and Solidarity, Necdet Akay, provided a tour and a lecture on the involvement of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk in the region of Mudurnu during the War of Independence. 8 v Ayşıl Yavuz (METU, Architecture) Friends of Ankara ARIT Town of Mudurunu (UNESCO World lectured on her ongoing research on Heritage Candidate) with Ege Yıldırım rural structures she discovered on the The Friends of ARIT supported us in early December of 2019 (fig. 7). Çeşme peninsula in the İzmir region in by sponsoring lectures at the Toni M. Lale Özgenel (METU, Architecture February 2020. Her talk was entitled “An Cross Library of ARIT and organizing Department) directed a day trip looking Unknown Type of Building for Bathing: specialized educational trips to at the architecture of the Cinnah Cold Water Baths in the Rural Aegean”. archaeological and historical sites with Caddesi area, during which we had With the impact of the pandemic, scholars and specialists. These activities a tour of the Indian Embassy, which lectures moved to a virtual platform in the continued until restrictions due to the renowned architect Sedat Hakkı summer months of 2020. Ankara ARIT the pandemic brought fundamental Eldem designed in the 1960s along collaborated with the British Institute in changes to our lives. Lectures and with the Ambassador’s Residence (fig. Ankara (BIAA) on the organization of events then moved to the internet 8). Dr. Özgenel completed the day trip a lecture by Nick Cahill (University of during the summer of 2020. While with a short lecture at the office of the Wisconsin, Madison, Department of Art we lament our loss of face-to-face Mimarlar Derneği 1927 (Architectural History), “Recent Discoveries at Sardis: interaction with scholars, students, and Association 1927) along with a tour of From the Bronze Age Until the End friends, we are now able to reach those the building, which stands out as an of Antiquity”, and another by R.R.R. who are far away from Ankara, whom early modernist building in Ankara Smith (, Lincoln we meet during our on-line lectures. and an architectural heritage site. College), “New Insights at Aphrodisias: We miss the trips organized by the The Ankara Friends organized Recent Research and Discoveries”. Friends even more now that we have a Movie Night in January 2020 to Also in the summer of 2020, Stephen been home-bound for many months. watch the 2005 documentary film, Batiuk (University of Toronto, Near We were able to organize a number Queen of the Mountain, about Theresa and Middle Eastern Civilizations of educational trips before the pandemic Goell’s archaeological endeavors in the Department) provided a lecture on began. The Ankara and Istanbul 1950s at the shrine of King Antiochus Zoom, “Exploring the Roots of Vine: Friends of ARIT came together for I Theos of Commagene (first century How Archaeological Work in Georgia a weekend trip to the Historic Guild B.C.), located on Nemrut Dağ near is Changing the History of Wine”, that focused on the progress of his fieldwork at Gadachrili Gora in the Republic of Georgia. In the fall of 2020, Nilüfer Baturayoğlu Yöney (Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, A rch itect ure Depar t ment) d iscussed “T he Transformation of Sümerbank Kayseri Textile Factory into the AGU (Abdullah Gül University) Sümer Campus” as a recent architectural and technological heritage preservation project. Also in the fall, Athena Trakadas (National Museum of Denmark) gave the only talk of the 40th Annual Lecture Series, traditionally co-sponsored by Ankara ARIT and the Turkish American Association. Her presentation, “ and the Sea”, focused on the emergence and development of the Vikings as a maritime power, whose long-distance exploration during the Medieval period expanded all the way to the shores of Figure 8: Lale Özgenel (METU, Architectural History) talking about the Statue of modern-day Turkey. ‘Children playing Long Donkey’ (‘Uzun Eşek Oynayan Çocuklar’) at the Ankara Botanical Garden on the walking tour, “Axes of Ankara: ”. 9 Adıyaman in eastern Turkey. In February, soon before the initiation of travel restrictions in Turkey, the Ankara Friends organized a trip to for the Presidents’ Day weekend led by Zeynep Çizmeli Öğün (Ankara University, Classical Archaeology Program) (figs. 9, 10, 11). During this magical trip, not only did we visit the amazing Classical and late Antique remains of Kaunos and its vicinity, but we also traveled to the abandoned Greek village of Kayaköy, which allegedly provided the inspiration for the setting of the 2004 novel, Birds without Wings, by Louis de Berniers. Charles Gates represented ARIT and the Ankara Friends on a virtual lecture entitled, “Slightly Off the Figure 9: Looking at the sea-port city of Kaunos (Dalyan) from the north, where the Beaten Track in Archaeological modern entrance to the archaeological site is located. Visited by the Friends of ARIT- Turkey”, which ARIT and the U.S. Ankara during the Trip to Kaunos (Dalyan). Embassy in Ankara organized in September 2020 for the members of the Foreign Service in Turkey. Our Open House event, which we had been organizing on the grounds of the Turkish American Association until the pandemic, also moved to a virtual platform, with short presentations from the Ankara and Istanbul Directors, as well as our Executive Director, Nancy Leinwand, and our President, Brian Rose. Although we miss the conviviality and the festivity of our annual party, we did manage to bring together, virtually, the Friends in Ankara and Istanbul as well as members of our community who are scattered throughout the world. Our encounters with the virtual world will unquestionably result in more such on- line programs even after the end of the pandemic. We extend our gratitıde to each Figure 10: Looking at the Latin inscription (301 A.D.) inscribed on the older Bouleu- member of the Ankara Friends of terion (1st century B.C.) that regulated prices on goods sold in the city, visited by the ARIT Steering Committee, Baybars Friends of ARIT-Ankara during the Trip to Kaunos (Dalyan). Alpaslan, Marlene Elwell, Shirley Epir, Charles Gates, Marie-Henriette Gates,

10 Jennie Lane, Ron Tickfer, Shauna Tufan, Elif Denel and Burcu Yıldırım, who never hesitate to lend their support, assistance, and encouragement to the ANKARA ARIT ADDRESS ARIT Center: organization of ARIT and Friends of ARIT events as well as public outreach programs. Dr. Elif Denel Şehit Ersan Caddesi, No. 24/9 Elif Denel Çankaya, Ankara Ankara Branch Director 06680 Turkey

Tel: +90 (312) 427-2222 Fax: +90 (312) 427-4979 E-Mail: [email protected] For Librarian: aritlibrary@ yahoo.com

Figure 11: Group photo at the Bouleuterion of Stratonikeia, visited by the Friends of ARIT-Ankara during the Trip to Kaunos (Dalyan).

11 NORTH AMERICAN Contributing Donors Amy Fontaine and Mete Kök FRIENDS OF ARIT Marc and Kara Abramson Matthew Melvin-Koushki CONTRIBUTIONS 2019 Benjamin Anderson Sara Ohly Scott Branting Charles Perry Douglas S. Brookes Andrew and Nancy Ramage ARIT thanks all those who supported our Nicholas Cahill Nir Shafir centers and activities over the past year, Mark Ciccarello Kevin Sykes through October 2019. Your support ensures Daniel Crecelius Fred Winter our future work. Lorenzo D’Alfonso Ethel S. Wolper Robert Dankoff Linda Darling Members Annual Donations Carol DeBoer-Langworthy Robert D. Biggs Andrea U. De Giorgi Stephen T. Burnham Benefactor for Life Prentiss de Jesus Theresa Cancro Douglas Mearns Maria and Richard Ellis David H. Clendenning Margaret Fearey Pamela Crabtree Benefactors Peter Ferry James A. Dengate Gary and Patricia Leiser Carter Findley H. Nuri Erbaş Susan Yeager Erika Gilson Linda Kay Fisher Carolyn and Daniel Goffman Pelin Grehan Patrons Ayşe Gürsan-Salzmann Nancy Highcock Institute of Nautical Archaeology James Maccaferri Liane Houghtalin Joukowsky Family Foundation Craig Melchert Charles Hunter Van and Tülin Akın Pulley Naomi Miller Lisa Kealhofer C. Brian Rose James Osborne Morgan Landy and Katharine Daniel Pullen Landfield Sponsoring Donors Jeremy Rutter James Lawton Gabor Agoston and Kay Ebel Agoston Elizabeth Simpson Astrid Lindenlauf Paul Damus Matthew Stolper Amanda Phillips Serim and Bilgi Denel Mary Sturgeon Curtis Runnels and Pamela Murray Walter B. Denny Sally Taylor Margaret Russett Ann C. Gunter Theo Van den Hout Patty Jo Watson Sylvia Wing Önder Nükhet Varlık Henry P. Williams III Mildred Patterson Alicia Walker A. Kevin Reinhart Bonna Wescoat Tyler Jo Smith Charles Wilkins Endowment Cecil L. and Ute Striker Irene Winter Ali B. Sürek Patrons Donors Ahmet Karamustafa Sustaining Donors Timothy Baldwin Beatrice Manz Nikolay Antov Daniel Bates Peter De Staebler Elizabeth Baughan Sponsoring Donors Antony Greenwood Hope Childs Gary Beckman Kathleen Lynch Rebecca Clothey Timothy Harrison James Morganstern Lucinda Conger Robert S. Nelson Carolyn Connor Sustaining Donors Holly Pittman Nilüfer Hatemi Ann Killebrew Frederica Thrash Feride Hatiboğlu Virginia Taylor-Saçlıoğlu Mark and Elinda Wilson Mary Berg Hollinshead

12 Contributing Donors Ankara Library John Freely Fellowship Fund William and Joanne Allen Craig Melchert Sustaining Donor Patron Bahadir Yıldırım Ann E. Killebrew Robert Ousterhout

Donors Contributing Donor Sustaining Donors Faiz Ahmed Lee and Heidi Ullmann Mary Ann Whitten Carole Woodall John and Evelyn Zimmerman

Istanbul Library Contributing Donor Toni M. Cross Fund Ariel Salzmann Contributing Donor Sponsoring Donors Daniel Waugh Donors Mildred Patterson Uğur Aker Jennifer Tobin Donor Morgan Landy and Katharine Christopher Manohoran Landfield Contributing Donor Jamil and Sally Ragep Ali B. Sürek Evan and Leman Fotos Donors Fellowship Fund Liane Houghtalin Benefactor Evan Fotos

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13 ARIT FELLOWSHIPS 2020-2021 contexts for the first-person stories. The Levantine corridor into Anatolia, study engages with regional specialists utilizing Acheulean handaxes along ARIT-NEH Fellows as well as those from allied disciplines. the way. Understanding Acheulean technology sheds light on the behavior ARIT-NEH Fellowships are funded by the of these hominins. I propose to employ National Endowment for the Humanities. ARIT U.S. Department of State, never-before used computational Educational and methodologies (finite element analysis vProfessor Leyla Kayhan Elbirlik, Cultural Affairs Fellows and shape optimization) in tandem Western and Literatures, with more traditional techniques Boğaziçi University, Negotiating ARIT ECA Fellowships are funded by the (geometric morphometrics) to study Matrimony: Marriage, Divorce, Children U.S. Department of State, Educational and this technology. The research will and Property in Istanbul, 1750-1920. Cultural Affairs, administered by the Council provide new and unique insights into Professor Elbirlik traces the history of of American Overseas Research Centers. the relationship of form and function in the Ottoman family, with a specific Acheulean handaxes and what kind of emphasis on the role of women and v Mr. Nader Atassi, Ottoman and tasks handaxes may have been used for, the position of children. In studying Middle Eastern History, Columbia thus developing new understanding of marriage, divorce, inheritance, and University, Thinking Capital in : hominin behavior. other property allocation practices, Classical Political Economy and its Afterlives v Ms. Ellis Garey, Ottoman and she examines the changing dynamics in the Late . Mr. Atassi Middle East History, New York in the way both the marital union explores the history of economic University, Becoming Workers: Labor and the family are envisioned from thought in Arabic and Turkish in the Activism and Mass Politics in Greater the mid-eighteenth to the early late Ottoman Empire, from the growth Syria, 1880-1936. This project focuses twentieth century. At the same time, of the Arabic press in the 1880s to on the emergence of the “worker” as she is conducting a digital study, the partition of the empire in 1920, a key participant in the new forms feeding the collected data on to the especially its engagement with the of mass politics in Greater Syria map of Istanbul and its households. discourse of classical political economy. during the late Ottoman and early The findings and analysis vis-à-vis He will examine the periodical press, post-Ottoman periods. Relying on relations within the family, newspapers, state archives, personal material in , Arabic, women’s agency in the public sphere, papers, and university curricula in and French, Ms. Garey will examine and the consistent patterns relating to Arabic and Ottoman Turkish. The the mass politics which arose in the matrimony may have a great bearing first part of the work focuses on the 1880s, which included work stoppages, on our understanding of similar issues Arabic press of the late nineteenth public protest, and petitions to the in the contemporary Middle East. century; the second part focuses on government. By addressing workers’ vProfessor Sonia Seeman, the economic thought of the Young collective action and its impact on Ethnomusicology and Middle Eastern Turk movement in the early twentieth capitalist development and state Studies, University of Texas, Austin, century, which featured debates on formation, she reconsiders debates on Bread Money—Musical Movement: political economy by Arab and Turkish capitalism in the Global South and Turkish Roman (“Gypsy”) Life Stories. thinkers. Once the concepts of political reintegrates the history of the late Professor Seeman will conduct economy permeated the public sphere, Ottoman era with that of Mandate fieldwork and archival study to they critically shaped the emergent Lebanon. complete research for her monograph political tendencies of the time, such as v Mr. Marshall Watson, Ottoman of the same title as her project. The socialism, collectivism, and variants of and African History, Yale University, work melds ethnographic writing that nationalism, as well as Islamism. Writing the Ottomans back into Africa: is grounded on solid anthropological v Ms. Rebecca Ella Biermann Gurbuz, 19th Century Colonialism and a Sub- theory with consultants’ conversations, Archaeology, University at Buffalo,Out Saharan Resource Frontier. Mr. Watson’s observations, and responses. The of Africa and into Eurasia: A Functional research seeks to recover the history of book is structured around interviews Investigation of Acheulean Handaxes in Ottoman relations with sub-Saharan together with information from Southeastern Anatolia. When first leaving polities throughout the long nineteenth archives, recordings, and newspapers, Africa, human ancestors (hominins) century. The work follows the networks thus providing historical and social almost certainly migrated via the of merchants and statesmen, exploring

14 how Ottomans understood their place aims to challenge isolated cultural ARIT Fellows in Intensive in a world increasingly dominated and intellectual of the Turkish Language, Summer by extractive colonial enterprises. It Mediterranean in the premodern 2020 engages the debates regarding Ottoman period. While focusing on intellectual colonialism while examining the socio- contacts between seemingly disparate The U.S. Department of Education, environmental impacts of both the parts of the region, through analyzing Georgetown University Department of slave and ivory trades. In expanding the lives, networks, and ideas of three Arabic and Islamic Studies, the American the scope of Ottoman-African history philosophers from the day, it aims to Association of Teachers of Turkic Languages, beyond the scramble for the Sahara, prove that the Mediterranean was a and ARIT, provide support for participants in this focus on Central Africa fills a unity culturally and intellectually in the Boğaziçi University Summer Program in scholarly lacuna and documents the the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, Intensive Advanced Turkish Language. heretofore neglected Ottoman role in when an unprecedented amount of the shaping of modern African colonial movement and intercommunication The 2020 language program was and post-colonial states. across the region were observed. To deferred until summer 2021. The 2020 v Mr. Zavier Wingham, History do so, the project will engage in a fellows may participate in the program and Middle East Studies, New York campaign of empirical research in the next summer, conditions permitting. University, Becoming ‘Zenci:’ Formulating libraries and archives of Turkey. Race in the Ottoman Empire, 1840-1914. This dissertation research project seeks to elucidate changing elite discourses Istanbul Friends of ARIT Fellow and policies regarding race, slavery, and blackness in the Ottoman Empire, Fellowship funded by the Friends of ARIT, from the 1840s until the outbreak Istanbul. of the First World War in 1914. Mr. Wingham examines the discourses and v Ms. Ayşe Ercan, Turkey, Christian practices that contributed to new forms and Byzantine Archaeology, Columbia of racialization of people of African University, Fashioning a Medieval Capital: descent in this period. The work also The Topography and Archaeology of the seeks to examine how enslaved and Mangana Quarter in Constantinople (843- formerly enslaved black people in 1453 C.E .). Ms. Ercan’s project deals the Ottoman empire, particularly in with the archaeology and historical Istanbul and Izmir, experienced these topography of the Mangana quarter of processes of racialization and sought to Byzantine Constantinople, identified create new kinds of communities and with the largest, albeit least-studied, ways of living. archaeological site located in the ARIT SUMMER eastern gardens of the Topkapı Palace FELLOWSHIPS FOR in Istanbul. Two years of archival work ADVANCED TURKISH John Freely Fellow and recent geo-radar survey (GPR) LANGUAGE STUDY of certain areas have led to a better These fellowships are awarded in memory of understanding of the connectivity John Freely, the author of many travel and of these monumental building Application deadline history books on Turkey, and a great supporter complexes. Taking into account the February 1, 2021 of ARIT. new archaeological evidence brought to light by the survey as well as the new v Mr. Samet Budak, Middle East excavations conducted by the Istanbul http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/ARIT/ Studies, University of Michigan, Archaeological Museums, the study ARITSummerLanguageProgram.html A Mediterranean Ecumene: Intellectual reevaluates previous scholarship, and Networks and Trends in the Late-Medieval redefines the Mangana quarter. Eastern Mediterranean. This project

15 George M. A. Hanfmann, at Harvard University, also working Settlement Pattern and Architecture of the Ilse Böhlund Hanfmann, and with the Archaeological Exploration Late Antique Villages in Southern Anatolia, Machteld J. Mellink Fellows of Sardis in Cambridge, MA. Ancient at Oxford University. While at Oxford Lydian Sardis is the origin of the name University, Dr. Erdoğan will study The Hanfmann and Mellink Fellowships are for the gemstones now called sard and the rural architecture and settlement supported by the Merops Foundation in honor sardonyx; it is also the source for the patterns of the Late Antique period of George M. A. and Ilse B. Hanfmann, and Lydian gemstones that are the focus of in southern Anatolia, exploring the Machteld J. Mellink. the study. continuity, reuse, and evolutions of v Mr. Burak Sönmez, Classical meaning at sites in the region. George M. A. Hanfmann Fellows Archaeology, Süleyman Demirel v Ms. Özge Acar, Classics, İstanbul University, Ceramic Production and Machteld J. Mellink Fellows University, Greek Theatrical Performances Trade Relations in the Ancient City of v Dr. Yadigar Doğan, Ancient in Asia Minor in the Principatus Era: Roman Seleucia Sidera during the Roman Imperial Language and Cultures, Akdeniz Perspective and Imperial Policies. Ms. Acar Period. Mr. Sönmez will go to Leuven University, Contributions to Epigraphic will carry out philological studies at the University in Belgium to study the Studies of the Milyas: The Inscriptions National and Kapodistrian University Roman pottery connected with the from Elmalı Museum. Dr. Doğan will in Athens, expanding her study of ancient nekropoleis of Seleucia Sidera conduct research at the University of Greek theatrical performances in in Pisidia, in southwestern Asia Minor. Vienna that focuses on the historical Asia Minor during the Hellenistic and He will focus on the ceramic production and the administrative, Roman periods. and its implications for trade. sociocultural, and religious structures v Mr. Gencay Öztürk, Classical of the Milyas and Kabalia regions of Archaeology, Ege University, Lydian Ilse B. Hanfmann Fellows southwestern Anatolia in the light of Archaeo-Gemology in the Light of Sardis v Dr. Orçun Erdoğan, Art History, ancient inscriptions. Finds. Mr. Öztürk will study gemology Hatay Mustafa Kemal University,

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16 REPORTS ON ARIT in the late Ottoman Empire, looks at the in neighborhoods such as Galata, Pera, FELLOWSHIPS establishment of European-style public Bakırköy, Üsküdar (fig. 12), and the gardens or parks in the late nineteenth historic peninsula. In a verdant city of Dr. Berin Gölönü, Art History/ and early twentieth centuries and orchards, meadows and vineyards, the Visual Studies, State University traces their transformation through the significance of Istanbul’s new public of New York at Buffalo years. I ask how these parks are both a gardens or parks may have had more symptom and cause of the modernizing to do with teaching city residents how ARIT-NEH Fellow 2019-2020 changes that Ottoman society placed to behave like modern, cosmopolitan on display in outdoor leisure sites subjects rather than providing needed People’s Parks (Millet Bahceleri): located in key urban centers. I had spaces for outdoor recreation. Many Structuring Public Leisure Space in the Late finished writing a research article of these new spaces were built on sites Ottoman Empire on the history of the Taksim People’s that were already being used for leisure Garden (1870) in the months preceding activities. The prolonged stay in Turkey the start of my ARIT/NEH fellowship. Realizing that they could profit afforded by the ARIT/NEH While in Turkey, I furthered my from these sites by gating and fellowship proved invaluable for research on other historical parks that landscaping them as formalized expanding and deepening my research had been contemporaries of the Taksim municipal parks, city leaders leased the on two separate projects which I People’s Garden and made progress on parks to property managers to run as carried out simultaneously. I am the manuscript I am preparing on this businesses. Abiding by a changing set sharing a description of one of these topic. of park rules and regulations and self- projects here. People’s Gardens (Millet There were close to a dozen late monitoring their behavior, a range of Bahçeleri): Structuring Public Leisure Space Ottoman-era parks in Istanbul alone, Ottoman citizens learned new social

Figure 12: Doğancılar Parkı, Üsküdar, Istanbul, 1934. Istanbul postcards and photographs collection, David M. Rubenstein Rare Book & Manuscript Library, Duke University. 17 norms in these spaces. A pre-existent style parks, the Makriköy Millet My manuscript will include an account Ottoman culture of viewership and Bahçesi (1904-05), the Doğancılar of the current use and appearance spectacle was transformed into the Millet Bahçesi (1914-1917), and the of these historical parks in order to habit of looking and being looked at Gülhane Millet Bahçesi (1914) are still highlight the importance of preserving in urban space, as well as establishing in existence today. I traveled to these them as sites of urban heritage and what or who was permitted to be seen. parks and took field notes on their collective memory. Some of Istanbul’s oldest European- appearance, maintenance, and use. My manuscript also looks at the modern parks of Thessaloniki (Selanik, fig. 13) and Smyrna (Izmir), two Western-centric and trade-oriented Ottoman cities that offer a good point of comparison to Istanbul’s leisure culture in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Thessaloniki and Izmir also share similar, if not opposite paths of nationalization. The urban fabric of Thessaloniki was nationalized as a Greek city by erasing traces of the existence of its displaced Muslim population, similar to the way in which Izmir was nationalized as a Turkish city by erasing traces of its displaced Greek population. My project will show how Thessaloniki’s urban parks became staging grounds for Greek nationalism after 1912, and how Izmir’s urban parks similarly became display grounds for Turkish nationalism after 1922. Taking a research trip to Thessaloniki in August 2019, I visited several archives and located photographs and maps of two important Ottoman- era parks within these collections. I hope to conduct extensive research on Izmir’s past and extant parks on my next research trip to Turkey. As far as immediate next steps, Duke University’s libraries have just acquired three collections of late Ottoman and early Republican postcards of Izmir, Thessaloniki, and Üsküdar. The Thessaloniki and Üsküdar collections have been digitized. To celebrate these acquisitions, they have invited me to give a lecture on some of these images in fall 2020. My lecture will bring together images of the recreation sites documented within these postcards, with a discussion of some of the other images I discovered Figure 13: Entrance gate of the Beşçınar People’s Garden in Thessaloniki, 1911. Hellen- during my ARIT/NEH fellowship. ic Literary and Historical Archive (ELIA), part of the National Bank of Greece Cultural Foundation (MIET). 18 Mr. Michael B. Sims, History, in Late Ottoman Kurdistan” explores these discourses as reactions to events University of Washington identity formation, nationalism, and within the region or elsewhere in the interfaith and intercommunal relations Ottoman Empire. More specifically, ARIT-NEH Grant Fellow 2017-2018 in Late Ottoman Kurdistan. Through this in-depth work has enabled me this fieldwork in Istanbul and to present how questions such as ‘Without a Purpose, Misfortune Will supported by ARIT, I was able to proper education, religious leadership, Befall Our Land:’ Discourses of Nation in work on various archival collections, and political participation were the Late Ottoman Kurdistan periodicals, and literature related to dynamics central to establishing an the Syriac Christian, Kurdish, and idea of communal past, present, and My period of research supported Yezidi histories of Southeast Anatolia. future. I wish to thank the funders by the ARIT Research Fellowship was During this time, I came to more of this grant: The U.S. Department integral to the success of my fieldwork clearly understand the significance of State, Educational and Cultural (fig. 14). My dissertation, entitled of institutions and networks in the Affairs, and the Istanbul Friends of “’Without a Purpose, Misfortune Will processes of identity formation and ARIT. Befall Our Land:’ Discourses of Nation national awakening, and how to frame

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