Population Bulletin, Volume 25 Number 5. a Sourcebook on Population
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Demographic Analysis of Small Populations Using the Own-Children Method
10.1177/1525822X04269172ChildsFIELD METHODS / DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF SMALL POPULATIONS Demographic Analysis of Small Populations Using the Own-Children Method GEOFF CHILDS Washington University This article discusses the own-children method, a reverse-survival technique devised by demographers to estimate Total Fertility Rates in the absence of detailed data on reproduction. The method is useful for researchers such as anthropologists since the basic data requirements can be met through a household survey. It can help researchers answer key questions concerning population processes within well- delineated social, cultural, economic, and political contexts. The author uses a his- torical tax register from Tibet to illustrate the steps taken when using the own- children method. Keywords: fertility; own-children method; demography; anthropology; Tibet Anthropologists have a long-standing interest in population issues, yet until comparatively recently have lacked many of the tools and interdisciplinary connections to fully exploit their engagement with formal demographic anal- ysis. The rise of microdemographic fieldwork approaches (Caldwell, Hill, and Hull 1988; Axinn, Fricke, and Thornton 1991) and the convergence of anthropology and demography have improved matters considerably, result- ing in research that bridges methodological and theoretical chasms (e.g., Greenhalgh 1995; Kertzer and Fricke 1997b; Basu and Aaby 1998). One notable shortcoming of this convergence has been the tendency for demogra- phers to relegate anthropological contributions to the domain of qualitative I would like to thank Rebecca Kippen and Peter McDonald of the Australian National University for recommending OCM, and especially M. Jalal Abbasi-Shavazi and Heather Booth for their cogent methodological advice. The three anonymous reviewers for this journal went beyond the call of duty in their critical readings of the draft. -
SOHASKY-DISSERTATION-2017.Pdf (2.074Mb)
DIFFERENTIAL MINDS: MASS INTELLIGENCE TESTING AND RACE SCIENCE IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY by Kate E. Sohasky A dissertation submitted to the Johns Hopkins University in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Baltimore, Maryland May 9, 2017 © Kate E. Sohasky All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT Historians have argued that race science and eugenics retreated following their discrediting in the wake of the Second World War. Yet if race science and eugenics disappeared, how does one explain their sudden and unexpected reemergence in the form of the neohereditarian work of Arthur Jensen, Richard Herrnstein, and Charles Murray? This dissertation argues that race science and eugenics did not retreat following their discrediting. Rather, race science and eugenics adapted to changing political and social climes, at times entering into states of latency, throughout the twentieth century. The transnational history of mass intelligence testing in the twentieth century demonstrates the longevity of race science and eugenics long after their discrediting. Indeed, the tropes of race science and eugenics persist today in the modern I.Q. controversy, as the dissertation shows. By examining the history of mass intelligence testing in multiple nations, this dissertation presents narrative of the continuity of race science and eugenics throughout the twentieth century. Dissertation Committee: Advisors: Angus Burgin and Ronald G. Walters Readers: Louis Galambos, Nathaniel Comfort, and Adam Sheingate Alternates: François Furstenberg -
The Ideological Origins of the Population Association of America
Fairfield University DigitalCommons@Fairfield Sociology & Anthropology Faculty Publications Sociology & Anthropology Department 3-1991 The ideological origins of the Population Association of America Dennis Hodgson Fairfield University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.fairfield.edu/sociologyandanthropology- facultypubs Archived with permission from the copyright holder. Copyright 1991 Wiley and Population Council. Link to the journal homepage: (http://wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/padr) Peer Reviewed Repository Citation Hodgson, Dennis, "The ideological origins of the Population Association of America" (1991). Sociology & Anthropology Faculty Publications. 32. https://digitalcommons.fairfield.edu/sociologyandanthropology-facultypubs/32 Published Citation Hodgson, Dennis. "The ideological origins of the Population Association of America." Population and Development Review 17, no. 1 (March 1991): 1-34. This item has been accepted for inclusion in DigitalCommons@Fairfield by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Fairfield. It is brought to you by DigitalCommons@Fairfield with permission from the rights- holder(s) and is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/or on the work itself. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Ideological Origins of the Population Association of America DENNIS HODGSON THE FIELD OF POPULATION in the United States early in this century was quite diffuse. There were no academic programs producing certified demographers, no body of theory and methods that all agreed constituted the field, no consensus on which population problems posed the most serious threat to the nation or human welfare more generally. -
Demographic Perspectives in Research on Global Environmental Change
Address: IIASA, Schlossplatz 1, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria Email: [email protected] Working paper Demographic perspectives in research on global environmental change Raya Muttarak ([email protected]) WP-21-001 Approved by: Albert van Jaarsveld Director General and Chief Executive Officer 01 February 2021 Table of contents Abstract .................................................................................................................................................3 About the authors ...................................................................................................................................4 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 5 Historical development of the field of population and environment .................................... 9 Why environmental and climate change issues have been peripheral in demographic research .................... 10 Relevance and contribution of demography in climate change research ........................... 12 Population impact on the climate ............................................................................................................ 13 Impact of climate change on population .................................................................................................. 16 Future directions in integrating demographic perspectives in global environmental change research ................................................................................................................... -
Demographic Destinies
DEMOGRAPHIC DESTINIES Interviews with Presidents of the Population Association of America Interviews Referencing Frederick Osborn PAA President in 1949-50 This series of interviews with Past PAA Presidents was initiated by Anders Lunde (PAA Historian, 1973 to 1982) And continued by Jean van der Tak (PAA Historian, 1982 to 1994) And then by John R. Weeks (PAA Historian, 1994 to present) With the collaboration of the following members of the PAA History Committee: David Heer (2004 to 2007), Paul Demeny (2004 to 2012), Dennis Hodgson (2004 to present), Deborah McFarlane (2004 to 2018), Karen Hardee (2010 to present), Emily Merchant (2016 to present), and Win Brown (2018 to present) FREDERICK HENRY OSBORN We do not have an interview with Frederick Osborn, who was the 13th PAA President (1949-50). However, as Andy Lunde and Jean van der Tak (VDT) were interviewing other past presidents, they regularly asked questions about those early presidents whom they had been unable to interview. Below are the excerpted comments about Frederick Osborn. CAREER HIGHLIGHTS Frederick Osborn was born in New York City in 1889 to a wealthy family. In 1910 he graduated Phi Beta Kappa from Princeton University with a major in English. He then did a year of graduate study at Cambridge University. Following that, he worked in the family's railroad business until the outbreak of World War I. During the war he was a volunteer ambulance driver in the American Red Cross in France. Upon returning home after the war, he sold the railroad to Henry Ford, and invested the money in a variety of businesses, allowing him to retire from business shortly before age 40. -
A Critical Approach to the Demographics of Ageing: the Case of Oslo
Cidades Comunidades e Territórios 35 | 2017 Living Mobilities A Critical Approach to the Demographics of Ageing: The Case of Oslo Gustavo Sugahara Electronic version URL: http://journals.openedition.org/cidades/551 ISSN: 2182-3030 Publisher DINÂMIA’CET-IUL Electronic reference Gustavo Sugahara, « A Critical Approach to the Demographics of Ageing: The Case of Oslo », Cidades [Online], 35 | 2017, Online since 31 December 2017, connection on 20 April 2019. URL : http:// journals.openedition.org/cidades/551 This text was automatically generated on 20 April 2019. Cidades. Comunidades e Territórios is licensed under a Creative Commons Atribuição-Uso Não- Comercial-Proibição de realização de Obras Derivadas 4.0 International. A Critical Approach to the Demographics of Ageing: The Case of Oslo 1 A Critical Approach to the Demographics of Ageing: The Case of Oslo Gustavo Sugahara The author would like to acknowledge the valuable contributions of Rune Halvorsen, Viggo Nordvik, Astri Syse, António Francisco, Ellen Aabø and Ley Muller. The responsibility for any errors in the resulting work remains my own. Introduction 1 Basic information about population is perhaps the most important tool to inform city planners and urbanists. On the basis of every city plan there is a social demographic analyses. Demographic data is also crucial to determine the allocation of funds and to support all sorts of decisions such as the construction or closing of schools, hospitals and roads. City planners relies on current population estimates and long-term forecasts to advise the political debate. Moreover, most of the city standards are expressed in terms of population, for example, the number of students per class room, number of trash bins by resident, etc. -
The Demographic Challenge: Myths and Realities
The Demographic Challenge: Myths and Realities NOTE JULY 2018 The Demographic Challenge: Myths and Realities NOTE - JULY 2018 “There are three important things in history: first, numbers; second, numbers; and third, numbers.1” 1 The Decline of the American Empire, film by Denys Arcand, 1986. CONTENTS Introduction .......................................................................................... 5 I. A turning point in human history ................................................... 8 II. Towards a new hierarchy of powers ................................................. 21 III. A lack of resources? .................................................................... 28 IV. A “crescent of crisis” around Europe .............................................. 35 V. Are migrations unavoidable? ....................................................... 40 VI. Eurasia: the societal challenge ..................................................... 57 Conclusion ........................................................................................ 68 3 THE DEMOGRAPHIC CHALLENGE: MYTHS AND REALITIES 4 INTRODUCTION The demographic challenge is not what it used to be. In the early 1980s, the “population explosion” was the main focus of discussion. Since then, all our references have been shaken. The developing countries’ entry into demographic modernity occurred earlier than expected, but the future growth of Africa’s population was revised upwards. Industrialized countries’ aging has become a growing concern, and America seems to be the only -
Pdf/50/3/325/1693611/Jinh a 01445.Pdf by Guest on 27 September 2021 Nated in France in the 1950S
Journal of Interdisciplinary History, L:3 (Winter, 2020), 325–362. The 50th Year: Special Essay 6 George C. Alter The Evolution of Models in Historical Demography In its first issue, the JIH published Goubert’s account of a new approach to historical demography that origi- Downloaded from http://direct.mit.edu/jinh/article-pdf/50/3/325/1693611/jinh_a_01445.pdf by guest on 27 September 2021 nated in France in the 1950s. This “demographic revolution” brought together historians, statisticians, and demographers who used new methods to create a “scientific demographic history.” This article examines the development of historical demography from the 1950s to the present by examining the development of its methods. It is not intended as a rigorous or comprehensive in- tellectual history of the field but as an appreciation of the extra- ordinary resourcefulness of the scholars who revolutionized the practice of historical demography during this period. It focuses on a few influential methodological developments, necessarily omitting many important substantive contributions.1 From a methodological perspective, historical demography underwent two important transitions with important links be- tween them. The “classic” period, from the late 1950s to the mid-1980s saw an explosion of interest in historical demography, an expansion of research that involved the application of new George C. Alter is Professor of History; Research Professor, Population Studies Center; and Research Professor, Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research, University of Michigan. He is co-author, with Richard D. Gonzalez, of “Responsible Practices for Data Sharing,” American Psychologist, LXXIII (2018), 146–156; co-author, with Myron P. -
Eklanche 1.Pdf
Prediction and Control: Global Population, Population Science, and Population Politics in the Twentieth Century by Emily R. Merchant A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (History) in the University of Michigan 2015 Doctoral Committee: Associate Professor John Carson, Chair Professor Barbara A. Anderson Professor Howard Brick Professor Paul N. Edwards Acknowledgements In many ways, this dissertation was a joy to write. I found the topic fascinating when I began writing and it continues to fascinate me today. Going to the archives shaped the story in ways that I did not expect when I wrote the prospectus but that only deepened my interest in and commitment to this project. The enthusiasm of my advisors, research subjects, and interlocutors helped keep my own enthusiasm for the project high, even through difficult and frustrating moments in the archives and while writing. I could not have written this dissertation without the assistance and support of many people and organizations. The seeds of this dissertation were sown in Barbara Anderson's demographic theory and methods courses in the Department of Sociology at the University of Michigan, which I attended in 2008-2009 at the urging of Myron Gutmann. Myron Gut- mann and Barbara Anderson encouraged my critical interest in the history of demography, and this encouragement eventually led me back to the Department of History at the Uni- versity of Michigan, which I had left after earning my M.A. in 2005. I am grateful to John Carson for agreeing to be my advisor at our very first meeting, and to Kali Israel, Farina Mir, Nancy Hunt, and Gabrielle Hecht, who helped me successfully petition for re-admission to the Ph.D. -
Overpopulation Or Over Population?
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by D-Scholarship@Pitt OVERPOPULATION OR OVER POPULATION? A BURKEAN ANALYSIS OF TRANSFORMATIONS AND CONTINUITIES IN THE RHETORIC OF “HUMAN POPULATION GROWTH” AT THE UNITED NATIONS (1974-2004) by Matthew Paul Brigham Bachelor of Arts (BA), Baylor University, 2003 Master's Degree (MA), Baylor University, 2005 Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Kenneth P. Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Pittsburgh 2012 UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH DIETRICH SCHOOL OF ARTS AND SCIENCES This dissertation was presented by Matthew Paul Brigham It was defended on April 16, 2012 and approved by John Lyne, Professor, Department of Communication Lara Putnam, Associate Professor, Department of History Barbara Warnick, Professor, Department of Communication Dissertation Advisor: Gordon Mitchell, Associate Professor, Department of Communication ii Copyright © by Matthew Paul Brigham 2012 iii OVERPOPULATION OR OVER POPULATION? A BURKEAN ANALYSIS OF TRANSFORMATIONS AND CONTINUITIES IN THE RHETORIC OF “HUMAN POPULATION GROWTH” AT THE UNITED NATIONS (1974-2004) Matthew Paul Brigham, PhD University of Pittsburgh, 2012 Despite the prominence of the issue across time, scholarly accounts of population rhetoric remain limited. Those analyses that do respond to this current of public argument focus overwhelmingly on actors such as Paul Ehrlich and R. Thomas Malthus, and on extreme instantiations of population rhetoric and policy, such as eugenics and China’s one-child policy. Missing in this body of scholarship is a sustained treatment of population rhetoric on a global stage, as it has occurred at United Nations conferences for over 30 years. -
Overview of Demographic Concepts and Methods
Overview of Demographic Concepts and Methods United Nations Statistics Division Outline 1. What is demography 2. Meaning of “population” 3. Population change and components of population growth 4. Demographic transition 5. Data sources 6. Demographic measurements 7. Direct and indirect techniques United Nations Workshop on Evaluation and Analysis of Census Data Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar, 1–12 December 2014 What is demography? Literally translated from the Greek, 'demography' means 'description of the people’ One definition among many: “Demography is the study of the size, territorial distribution, and composition of population, changes therein, and the components of such changes, which may be identified as natality, mortality, territorial movement (migration), and social mobility (change of status).” (Duncan & Hauser 1972) >>The study of population processes United Nations Workshop on Evaluation and Analysis of Census Data Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar, 1–12 December 2014 Meaning of “population” 1. Collection of persons alive at a specified point in time who meet certain criteria Examples: - The “population of India on April 1, 1995," - The "population of American black females in the Northeast on June 1, 1900” 2. Kind of collectivity that persists through time even though its members are continuously changing through attrition and accession. Thus, "the population of India" may refer to the aggregate of persons who have ever been alive in the area we define as India and possibly even to those yet to be born there. The collectivity persists even though a virtually complete turnover of its members occurs at least once each century. Source: Preston et al. (2001) United Nations Workshop on Evaluation and Analysis of Census Data Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar, 1–12 December 2014 Demographic analysis . -
General Conclusion
General Conclusion The world population surpassed one billion around 1800 and reached a second billion in 1930. The third billion was attained in 1960, the fourth in 1974, the fi fth in 1987, and the sixth in 1999. Additional billions added up at an accelerating pace in only 30, 14, 13, and 12 years, respectively. The fi r s t doubling of the world popu- lation between 1800 and 1930 took 130 years. The second doubling of the world population, from two to four billion, occurred in just 44 years. The seventh billion will be reached in 2011. This is likely to be the fi rst new billion that will not have been added more rapidly than the previous one. The world population will reach its eighth billion in 2024, i.e., 13 years after reaching the seventh billion mark. The third and most likely last doubling of the world population, from four to eight bil- lion, will probably take 50 years. Therefore, despite the huge growth of the popula- tion in absolute terms between 1960 and 2011, the rate of growth of the world’s population has fi nally slowed down. The demographic transition, which has started at different times and has evolved at different speeds in different areas, has brought about striking contrasts between the various continents, regions, and countries of the world. Today, variations of demographic patterns and trends range from very high fertility to sub-replacement fertility situations, from very young to aging populations, and from immigration- open to immigration-shy countries. Populations of developing countries and least developed countries (LDCs) are still growing rapidly.