Annual Report 2008 NO-7491Trondheim, Norway Norwegianuniversity Ofscience and Technology Departmentofmaterials Science and Engineering Changeour Daily Lives

Annual Report 2008 NO-7491Trondheim, Norway NorwegianUniversity ofScience and Technology DepartmentofMaterials Science and Engineering changeour daily lives. resultsinideas noone else has thought of, and creative solutions that arts,medicine, architecture tofine arts. Cross-disciplinary cooperation wellasinother academic disciplines ranging from the social sciences, the representsacademic eminence intechnology and thenatural sciences as TheNorwegian University ofScience and Technology (NTNU) inTrondheim NTNU www.ntnu.no

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Annual Report 2008 and Engineering and Science Materials of Department Notes

Table of Contents

Editorial ...... 3 Science stories ...... 5 Publications in international peer review journals, books and patents ...... 15 Conference proceedings, other reports and publications ...... 19 Equipment ...... 21 Chemistry Building II (KII)-Seminars, Energy and Materials ...... 24 Guest lecturers ...... 26 Staff ...... 27 Graduate studies ...... 31 Dr.ing/PhD projects in progress ...... 33 Dr.ing/PhD projects co-supervised in other departments ...... 36 Course program ...... 37 M.Sc. students ...... 39 Graduated M.Sc. students with titles of their diploma works ...... 41 Extracurricular activities ...... 44

Picture on front page: Per Martin Rørvik. Photo: Lead titanate nanorods grown on strontium titanate substrates.

Annual report for Department of Materials Science and Engineering Norwegian University of Science and Technology NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway Internet address: http://www.ntnu.no/materialteknologi

2008 have been an important year for recruitment of paid off in recent years and particularly last year. The new faculty members. Four new faculty members have Norwegian Research Centre for Solar Cell Technology joined the Department to strengthen our education and was awarded to the four research institutions research in silicon production including feedstock for IFE, NTNU, SINTEF and UiO in February 2009. Our solar grade silicon, refining and recycling of metals, scientists in this field are key partners in this Centre high temperature corrosion and surface science and with an annual budget of 40 MNOK. Several other finally nano-materials. In addition a professorship projects have also been granted, many of them are in physical metallurgy was advertised last year and in collaboration with SINTEF and industrial partners. the top candidate was just recently hired. Finally, a Finally, basic science has also been strengthened, professor in solar cell materials, expected to be hired particularly by the grant for a Strategic University during 2009, will complete our effort to strengthen Program (SUP), and two projects supported by the our academic staff. The new staff will strengthen our FRINAT and FRITEK programs. We acknowledge study programs and research activities in NTNUs the financial support from The Research Council of strategic areas materials, nanotechnology and energy Norway and our industrial partners. technology. We are much exited to see the influence of these young and talented new faculty members in the The strong growth in solar cell research has also years to come. paved the way for addressing the need for a new research infrastructure and state of the art labora- Four of the new faculty members are women, which tories. Our vision of a new building “Solbygg” are bring the fraction of women in academic positions at becoming closer to realization day by day. The financial the Department a significant step in the right direction. crises has given new challenges with respect to indu- The low fraction of female academic staff members strial support for the infrastructure, while on the in natural science and technology is one of the other hand we hope that this turns in favour of funding important challenges in academia. Our new talented from the government. We believe that during the next female scientists are important role models for all coming months the funding for our new infrastructure the excellent female students in our study programs will be in place. and we believe that this will motivate a higher fraction of our female master students to continue with a PhD Hydro Aluminium has been one of our key industrial study and to further qualify for an academic position in partners in the past and is certainly an important the future. partner also in the future. Both Hydro Aluminium and NTNU were concerned with the declining research and The annual number of publications in peer reviewed education activity related to aluminium in recent years. international journals continued to increase in 2008. Hydro Aluminium is strongly supporting our effort This is one of the most important strategic objectives to strengthen our aluminium activities and has given at NTNU and we are contributing strongly to achieve financial support to hire two new faculty members, this objective. The “working horse” in the research is one in physical metallurgy as described above and one the PhD students, the post docs and scientists at the in aluminium electrolysis technology. Unfortunately, department. We appreciate the long hours they spend we have not been able to identify candidates for the at the laboratories and the hard work they carry out. second position. However, instead we will strengthen The number of PhD awarded in 2008 was 10, which is the research on primary aluminium production by lower than expected, which calls for new efforts to hiring an adjunct professor and recruiting a young help the PhD students to finalise their theses in time. and talented scientist, with the intention to qualify for an academic position. We are very pleased with 2008 has also been a very successful year with the support from Hydro Aluminium and their efforts respect to new research projects. Our early initiatives to strengthen the unique research triangle between to establish silicon solar cell research in Norway have Hydro, SINTEF and NTNU. The Research Council of

3 From the editors

Norway has during 2009 carried out an evaluation of will continue their studies with a PhD degree which research in chemistry in Norway. The electrochemistry will balance the fraction of foreign and domestic PhD and inorganic chemistry groups have been evaluated students at the department. and both research groups received relatively good scores and were recognized for their healthy research The annual report has the same outline as we have culture. Several recommendations for improvements used the last six years. The first part comprises short are suggested by the expert panel, particularly with reports giving an impression of the current research respect to strengthen basic science and, improve the conducted in the four research groups, the annual list publication rate, particularly in high impact journals. of publications and conference proceedings and the The implementation of the recommendations will be laboratory infrastructure. The first part is intended to initiated in near future. give external readers an impression of the research being performed. The second part, which comprises Excellent student recruitment to our student an overview of the staff, master students and PhD programs has continued in 2008. Our study program students, last years Masters and PhD candidates and in materials technology was recognized among the their thesis’ titles and finally extracurricular activities, students at NTNU to be the best master program in is presenting a comprehensive overview of the annual technology. We believe this does not come by itself, activity and is more intended for the archives. but reflects our continued effort to improve the quality of our study programs, to include students in our We will like to acknowledge the scientific staff for research activities and “the open door” policy. This is their contribution to this report. Particularly we would an important recognition that we are on the right track. like to acknowledge Secretary Åse Lill Salomonsen This year we have also reasons to expect that a larger and the other members of the administrative staff for fraction of the master students graduating in 2009 their effort.

NTNU April 2009 Tor Grande and Knut Marthinsen

4 EXTRACTIVE METALLURGY Highlights from the “ThermoTech” project

Thermodynamics is an integral part of high • Establishment of a new methodology for coupling of temperature materials technology. For the evaluation thermodynamics and fluid flow in the modelling of of process routes in synthesis of new materials, metallurgical processes. computational thermodynamics is an essential tool, • New data and a fundamental understanding of and the importance of thermodynamic modelling in the metal dusting – high temperature corrosion the improvement of industrial production processes phenomenon in the production of syngas. and of materials degradation, can not be under- estimated. As the application of thermodynamics For the ferroalloys industry, the database development becomes indispensable in industries dealing with was mainly focused on improving the manganese and production of bulk materials and/or energy chromium Mn/Cr-Fe-Si-C quaternary alloy systems, conversion, personnel competence in this area – as well as the Cr2O3/MnO-SiO2-CaO-Al2O3-MgO-FeO both in the scientific community and industry - oxide thermodynamic data in existing, commercial will be a cornerstone. databases.

As such, the cross-sectorial “KMB” project With the rapidly expanding Norwegian solar cell (competence project with user support) ThermoTech industry – with roots in the Si metal producing was commenced at SINTEF/NTNU in 2003, with a industries- the team set out to establish the projected duration of 6 years, aimed at jointly building world’s best thermodynamic and kinetic database new- and supporting/building bridges between for Solar Grade Silicon (SoG-Si) and its important established thermodynamic competence in the trace elements (such as P, B, Fe, Ti, Al, Ca, O, C, different groups at SINTEF Materials and Chemistry N). An example of boron distribution data obtained and the Faculty of Science and Technology at NTNU. in the project is shown to the left. The project can The overall scientific and technological goal held for successfully claim that SINTEF/NTNU now holds the the ThermoTech project was to deliver new, advanced world’s most complete thermodynamic database thermodynamic modelling tools to Norwegian for SoG-Si and its most important impurities. This industry as well as develop experimental methods database is already in use in essentially all Si for high temperature materials technology, educate production and refining projects currently running at PhD candidates and develop a strong joint research SINTEF/NTNU. community at SINTEF and NTNU, which can serve the industry in the field of computational thermodynamics For the Aluminium industry, a significant contribution applied to high temperature materials technology. by the ThermoTech project is the understanding of the role of Sodium (Na) in the deterioration of The project, which had a total budget of 48.3 MNOK, electrolysis cell bottom linings. It has been shown was funded by NFR, the Norwegian primary aluminium that Na diffuses through cathode carbon and changes producers, the Norwegian ferroalloy producers and its wetting properties so that the cryolite bath can StatoilHydro, and was one of the first broad KMB enter the pores in cathode carbon, and react with consortiums at SINTEF and NTNU in this field with underlying refractory brick. If it wasn’t for sodium, shared support from different industries. the refractories would last forever! Based on this knowledge, the aluminium industry can now work on The main areas in which the ThermoTech project has solutions for reducing the Na attacks on the linings and made major scientific and technological contributions are: thus increasing the lining lifetime. This is an important • Development of internationally renowned step towards cutting refractory costs and reducing ferroalloys- and solar grade silicon databases. landfill of waste materials. • Establishment of a fundamental understanding of the chemical and mechanical stability of materials in The “holy grail” of modelling multi-phase the Al-electrolysis cell. metallurgical processes and reactions is to establish a

5 Extractive Metallurgy

and at the Fesil Holla plant. The project has brought the vision of developing a fully fledged tool to describe reactive multi-phase flow significantly closer to realisation!

Reforming of natural gas to syngas (CO & H2) is the most critical process step in gas-to-liquid conversion processes, e.g. methanol or synfuel production. In order to render natural gas reforming more ecological and economical, the current and upcoming processes seek to reduce the steam content in the Photo: Egil Skybakmoen, SINTEF process gas while increasing the overall reforming capacity. However, metal dusting corrosion (MDC) of joint treatment of thermodynamics and fluid dynamics. the structural material imposes a limit on optimal, To solve this computer-intensive task, the project team reliable, and safe syngas production under these used a silicon refining reactor as modelling case and conditions. The work carried out in ThermoTech has took a “module- based” approach in order to enable contributed to being able to understand and predict the the model development. Modules to describe the corrosion rate of materials used in high temperature, thermodynamics and physical properties (viscosity, carbon-saturated gaseous environments during surface tension etc) of reacting species and reaction production of syngas. This knowledge is applied to products (gases, slags, metal phases) were developed. selecting new, more corrosion resistant alloys in new These “modules” were called upon in a CFD framework and existing syngas installations. Longer material which made a simplified model description of the lifetime will promote both increased safety and cost multiphase flow in the refining reactor. The established reductions in the future. model has been used to successfully reproduce refining data measured during industrial refining campaigns carried out at the Elkem Thamshavn plant Photo: John Walmsley, SINTEF/NTNU

A summary of the results dissemination include 14 Journal Publications, 58 Conference Publications and Presentations, 34 Scientific Reports and Memos, 7 MSc

Photo: Kai Tang, SINTEF Theses, 7 PhD Theses, 1 Book and 1 Book Chapter, 3 Public Seminars, 4 Industry Seminars/Workshops (at industry premises) and 1 Popular Science Article.

Gabriella Tranell

6 INORGANIC CHEMISTRY Nanostructured ferroelectric materials

Perovskite oxides are an important group of and properties of nanostructures of ferroelectric ceramic materials with the common formula ABO3. perovskites since 2003. Our main efforts have been

Several perovskites such as PbTiO3 and KNbO3 are in synthesizing one-dimensional nanostructures of ferroelectric, meaning that they exhibit a spontaneous PbTiO3 and KNbO3, and in studying finite size effects electric polarization that can be switched by an in BiFeO3. The PhD students Per Martin Rørvik and external electric field. Other perovskites are Sverre Magnus Selbach, and post doc Guozhong Wang multiferroic, meaning that they exhibit both have been the main contributors to this work. ferroelectric and ferromagnetic properties. BiFeO3 is a multiferroic material which has gained huge interest For a controlled growth of PbTiO3 nanorods, we in the recent years because of its ferroelectric and have developed a hydrothermal synthesis method to antiferromagnetic behaviour. grow nanorods on SrTiO3 substrates. Hydrothermal synthesis is a relatively simple method to obtain With the current trend in miniaturizing electronic crystalline material at much lower temperatures components, sensors and other technological devices, compared to other synthesis methods. In our synthesis nanostructuring of materials become increasingly procedure an amorphous PbTiO3 precursor was more important. Nanostructures of ferroelectric mixed with a surfactant and heat treated at 180 °C materials are used in a variety of applications in the presence of a single-crystal SrTiO3 substrate. such as non-volatile ferroelectric random access Hierarchical nanostructures of PbTiO3 nanorods were memory, nanoelectromechanical systems, nanoscale obtained by controlling the synthesis parameters (Fig. capacitors, advanced sensors, energy-harvesting 1). The anisometric growth of the nanorods is proposed devices, photonic crystals and in photocatalysis. For to occur by self-assembly of cube-shaped or facetted the wide-spread use of these applications in the future nanocrystals. it is desirable to fabricate the nanostructures by cost-effective and large-area methods, which favours The domain configuration of these PbTiO3 nanorods chemical bottom-up methods in contrast to physical has been studied by transmission electron microscopy top-down methods such as lithography. So although (TEM) and piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) in controlling the growth of such nanostructures is a collaboration with the TEM group at the Department challenging task it has a high impact for future use. of Physics (Professor Randi Holmestad) and the Oxide Electronics group at the Department of Electronics The Inorganic Materials and Ceramics Research and Telecommunications (Professor Thomas Tybell). group, headed by Professor Mari-Ann Einarsrud The as-synthesized nanorods were shown to have the and Professor Tor Grande, has studied the growth polarization direction in the longitudinal direction. Photo: Per Martin Rørvik

Fig. 1

SEM images of PbTiO3 nanostruktures grown on single-crystal SrTiO3 substrates by a hydrothermal method. Growth on three different substrate orientations is shown: (a) (100)-oriented substrate, (b) (110)-oriented substrate, and (c) (111)-oriented substrate.

7 INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

After annealing the nanorods above the Curie alumina membranes as templates in which a Pb- temperature (490 °C) the crystallographic orientation Ti sol was infiltrated. After subsequent drying and changed and the polarization was found along the annealing, and removal of the template by immersion

radial direction. A hysteresis curve measured by PFM in NaOH, PbTiO3 nanotubes were obtained (Fig. 3). The is shown in Fig. 2, demonstrating the ferroelectric template-assisted method is an easy method to obtain nature of the nanorods. nanotubes of perovskite oxides, but necessitates high- temperature treatment to crystallize the material and A template-assisted method has been developed typically produces polycrystalline tubes.

for the preparation of PbTiO3 nanotubes, using porous Our group has also developed a hydrothermal method for synthesizing orthorhombic single-

crystalline KNbO3 nanorods, by reacting Nb2O5 in a KOH solution, using a surfactant as structure-

directing agent. High-quality KNbO3 nanorods were only obtained in a narrow window of synthesis parameters. The phase transition temperatures for the orthorhombic to tetragonal and tetragonal to cubic transitions of the nanorods were significantly lower

than that of the bulk KNbO3 materials, reflecting a finite size or disorder effect.

A detailed study on the strong size-dependent

properties of the multiferroic compound BiFeO3 has been conducted using X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. Nanoparticles with mean

Photo: Per Martin Rørvik diameters of 11 - 86 nm were made by calcining a

polymeric BiFeO3 precursor at various temperatures. When the nanoparticle size decreased the polar Fig. 2 distortion of the unit cell decreased, the polar 3+ 3+ Hysteresis curve measured by PFM on a single PbTiO3 displacements of Bi and Fe relative to the oxygen nanorod. sublattice increased, and the Néel temperature (the onset of antiferromagnetic ordering) decreased (Fig. 4). The combination of increasing polar displacements of cations and decreasing unit cell distortions sheds light on the microscopic origin of finite size effects in ferroelectric nanoparticles. Ferroelectricity disappears at small dimensions due to loss of cooperative ordering of cation displacements, but polar displacements on a local scale prevail. The origin of finite size effects is decoupling of ferroelectric moments, hence ferroelectricity is lost through disordering rather than a displacive process. The

Photo: Per Martin Rørvik decrease in the Néel temperature can be rationalized Fig. 3 from decreasing Fe-O-Fe angle due to increasing

SEM image of PbTiO3 nanotubes made by a template- displacements of Fe, and increasing Fe-O bond assisted method. lengths. Both microscopic structural changes leads

8 INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Fig. 4

Size-dependent properties of BiFeO3 nano particles as function of the nanoparticle diameter (d). Pseudotetragonality c/a (in red) is a measure of the unit cell distortion along the polar direction c. Polar displacements of Bi and Fe along the c-axis are the origin of ferroelectric polarization in BiFeO3. Inset: The an-

tiferromagnetic ordering temperature TN. Photo: Sverre Magnus Selbach

to decreasing overlap of Fe 3d eg and O 2p orbitals, nanoparticles and hierarchical nanostructures of and antiferromagnetic ordering vanishes at lower a technologically very important group of ceramic temperatures. Combined with recent observations materials. In our work we have also shown that the of increased magnetization of nanoparticles, these properties of the nanostructured materials differ are promising results with respect to the possibility from their bulk counterparts, which is important in of making small multiferroic nanostructures for applications. A list of publications can be found at the technological applications. group’s homepage: (http://www.material.ntnu.no/ceramics/publications). These basic research studies have shown the ability of relatively simple chemical methods to synthesize Per Martin Rørvik and Sverre Magnus Selbach

9 PHYSICAL METALLURGY 3D Potts Monte Carlo simulations of abnormal grain growth

Microstructure control during thermo-mechanical into two types, normal grain growth and abnormal processing of metals and alloys is essential to grain growth (or secondary recrystallisation). During optimize processes and taylor-make material normal grain growth, the microstructure coarsens properties to specific applications. Key processes uniformly, and there is generally a relatively narrow are recrystallisation and grain growth, where the range of grain sizes and shapes, and the form of the evolution in microstructure and texture results from a grain size distribution is usually independent of time. complex interplay between a number of material and Abnormal grain growth, on the other hand, refers to process parameters. In this context it is important the process where a few grains in the microstructure to have adequate simulation tools to replace time grow at the expense of a fine grained matrix. Usually consuming and costly experimental parametric also a bimodal grain size distribution develops, studies and for analyses and numerical experiments, consisting of a few large, abnormally grown grains to explore parameter relationships which are not and a large amount of small, retained matrix grains. easily available experimentally. Abnormal grain growth is observed in a wide variety of polycrystalline metals and ceramics, and it may or may Monte Carlo (MC) simulations are a powerful not be desirable. For example, the abnormal growth of and versatile computer simulation approach used {110} < 001 > Goss-oriented grains in transformer steel in relation to a variety of materials problems. The improves magnetic permeability and loss properties. MC method uses random numbers to approximate In contrast, abnormal grain growth in copper films solutions, and it is often used to solve complex used in electronic interconnects causes a bimodal or nonlinear problems. In a recently finished PhD grain size distribution that is detrimental to reliability. work (Egil Fjeldberg) 3D MC simulations were The avoidance of abnormal grain growth at high used to investigate a number of problems related temperature is generally also an important aspect of to microstructure and texture evolution during grain size control in steels and nonferrous alloys, e.g. recrystallization and grain growth in polycrystalline aluminium. materials. In the context of grain growth and recrystallisation, the method used is the so-called It is generally accepted that abnormal grain growth Potts Monte Carlo Model, in which a microstructure cannot occur in an “ideal grain assembly”, i.e. a is mapped onto a 3D discrete lattice by assigning simple single-phase uniform grain structure with each volume element in the lattice a crystallographic constant and isotropic properties). Most assumptions

orientation Oi (i = 1:Q) so that all lattice sites within a concerning the origin of abnormal grain growth “grain” have the same orientation. Inert particles are assume some kind of advantage, as a condition for incorporated by assigning clusters of sites a unique, the occurrence of abnormal growth. This advantage non-changeable index without any crystallographic is most commonly related to size, but can also be orientation. The grain boundaries are represented related to texture where certain special boundaries only implicitly as surfaces separating neighbouring experience a higher mobility, or, in the case of thin elements of unlike orientation. The grain boundaries films, to surface effects. It is also well known that may have different energies and mobilities depending second-phase particles can be used to control grain on the misorientation between the grains. Due to the size during normal grain growth. The use of particles computer power requirements parts of the work has to refine grain size is important in e.g. steel making been done at the supercomputer facilities provided by and in the welding of certain metal alloys, including the Norwegian metacenter for computational science, aluminium. However, it is also common knowledge NOTUR. that abnormal grain growth can develop in a matrix pinned by particles when the pinning force somehow Fjeldberg’s PhD work is here exemplified through is lowered. In spite of a lot of work and many efforts, the simulations on abnormal grain growth in the the general conditions and behaviour of abnormal presence of particles. Grain growth may be divided grain growth is poorly understood. In a recent work by

10 Physical Metallurgy

Fig. 1 The microstructure after different times for the case of 10vol% of particles. (a) Ini- tial microstructure, (b) After 80 Monte Carlo Steps (MCS), (c) After 100 MCS and (d) After 200 MCS. Photo: Egil Fjeldberg

Holm and co-workers at Sandia National Laboratories thus may be weakened due to abnormal grain growth, used a 2D Potts Monte Carlo model to test whether can get considerably improved by addition of second abnormal subgrain growth (mobility driven) could be a phase particles. possible nucleation mechanism for recrystallisation. The present work was an extension of this previous However, unfortunately the simulations did not work to 3D and with a particular focus on the influence confirm our hypothesis. The simulation results of particles on mobility-driven abnormal grain growth. are exemplified by the temporal evolution of the The question asked, was whether mobility-driven 3D microstructure in the case of 10 vol% particles, abnormal grain growth can be reduced or inhibited by Figure 1. It is clearly seen that in contrast to what adding second-phase particles to the microstructure. one get during normal curvature driven grain growth If this is possible, materials which are subjected to with particles, Zener pinning is not obtained, i.e. the conditions for mobility-driven grain growth and which particles in this case are unable to stabilize the grain

11 Physical Metallurgy

Fig. 2 Number fraction of abnormal grains versus the vol% of particles together with the stand- ard deviation. Two interpretations of the data at low vol% of particles are indicated. Dotted

line: Linear trend; dashed line: Cuto in number Photo: Egil Fjeldberg fraction below 5vol%.

structure. Instead the particles seem merly to have However, in spite of the “negative” result this a small inhibiting effect on the number of abnormal example clearly illustrates the use of computer grains, and simulations for various volume fractions simulations as a powerful tool to do numerical of particles, have shown that this effect has only experiments and test hypotheses that are not noticeable influence for volume fractions above 5 easily, and sometimes not even possible, to do vol%. experimentally.

Knut Marthinsen

12 Physical Metallurgy

Nanobelt-like precipitates in multicomponent aluminium alloys

New type of precipitate with belt-like morphology is and HRTEM investigations from one precipitate observed in Hf-containing aluminium cast alloys. reveal that the nanobelt precipitate has a Si2Hf-type structure, which is orthorhombic. Nanobelt-like precipitates are observed in Hf- containing aluminium cast alloys after heat treatments A high density of belt-like precipitates is revealed (Fig. 1). These nanobelt-like precipitates exhibit from microstructural observation by SEM (Fig. 2). The straight, bent or twisted morphologies and they are present nanobelt precipitate is noncoherent with the randomly distributed throughout the specimen. Each aluminium matrix, and it is not yet clear what effect the nanobelt has a uniform width along its entire length. precipitates have on the mechanical properties. The nanobelt precipitates are typically 60-240 nm wide, 10-40 nm thick and a few to several tens of micrometers long. Quantitative compositional analysis Zhihong Jia and Lars Arnberg

Fig. 1 Low magnification bright- field TEM (a) and HAADF STEM (b) images from the same alloy sample but different areas. Photo: Zhihong Jia

Fig. 2 Back-scatter electron SEM image of the alloy after heat treatment. A high density of fine HF-containing precipitates (white) can be seen in addition to eutectic Si particles (grey) and Fe-containing particles (bright white). Photo: Zhihong Jia

13 Physical Metallurgy

Pure and ultra-fine grained titanium fabricated by SPD for biomedical applications

The background of this project is the potential for accumulated strains and hereby residual stresses development of pure and ultra-fine grained titanium introduced by SPD. Therefore, there is no literature for biomedical applications. The project is financed by characterizing the highly-strained microstructures by the Norwegian Research Council under the NANOMAT means of EBSD, e.g. equal channel angular pressing program and is organized at SINTEF in Trondheim. (ECAP) followed by high pressure torsion (HPT).

In recent years, commercial pure (CP) Ti processed A removal of the residual stresses in the deformed by methods of severe plastic deformation (SPD) has samples seems to be a promising approach and an attracted growing interest among materials scientists. example of the corresponding structure (EBSD), is This interest is based not only on the potential for shown in Fig.1a. The material processed by ECAP and important applications such as medical implants with subsequently deformed by HPT keeps dimensions better biocompatibility and no toxic alloying elements, ~10mm in diameter and 0.7mm in thickness (Fig. 1b). but also due to the potential to match and improve the Here, the EBSD technique reveals the cross section mechanical properties above that of the conventional structure after HPT at a position 3mm from edge. Fig.1a alloy Ti-6Al-4V. shows that a bimodal - and equiaxed ultrafine grained microstructure is obtained. The corresponding size High resolution EBSD has been extensively employed distribution in Fig.1c shows that there are two peaks in to quantitatively characterize the microstructure grain size, i.e. around 100 nm and 700 nm respectively. evolution during SPD. It is widely known that the Kikuchi . diffraction patterns become poorer with increasing Yongjun Chen and Hans Jørgen Roven Phtoto:Yongjun Chen Fig.1 (a) High resolution EBSD orientation map of CP Ti after ECAP 4 passes route Bc at 723 K followed by HPT 5 turns at room temperature. (b) Typical HPT samples and (c) grain size distribution of the microstructure shown in (a).

14 PUBLICATIONS IN INTERNATIONAL PEER REVIEW JOURNALS, BOOKS AND PATENTS

• Electrochemistry Aarhaug, T.A.; Svensson, A.M.; Ofstad, A.B.; Sørli, J.G.H.; Haarberg, G.M.; Kvalheim, E.; Wang, S.: Couvert, H.:

Electrochemical behavior of dissolved Fe2O3 in molten PEMFC degradation assessed by effluent analysis from

CaCl2-KF. designed experiments. Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 15 (2008) ECS Transactions 16 (2008) 1687-1695. 48-51.

Haas, O.-E.; Briskeby, S.T.; Kongstein, O.E.; Tsypkin, M.; • EXTRACTIVE METALLURGY Tunold, R.; Børresen, B.: Cui, J.; Zhang, L.: Synthesis and characterisation of RuxTi1-xO2 as a catalyst support for polymer electrolyte fuel cell. Metallurgical recovery of metals from electronic waste: Journal of New Materials for Electrochemical Systems 11 A review. (2008) 9-14. Journal of Hazardous Materials 158 (2008) 228-256.

Jia, Z.; Graver, B.K.F.; Walmsley, J.C.; Yu, Y.; Solberg, J.K.; Eidem, P.A.; Tangstad, M.; Bakken, J.A.: Nisancioglu, K.: Determination of electrical resistivity of dry coke beds. Effect of magnesium on segregation of trace element Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B - Process lead and anodic activation in aluminum alloys. Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science 39 (2008) Journal of the Electrochemical Society 155 (2008) C1-C7. 7-15.

Keppert, M.; Rakhmatullin, A.; Simko, F.; Deschamps, M.; Kvithyld, A.; Meskers, C.E.M.; Gaal, S.; Reuter, M.; Engh, Haarberg, G.M.; Bessada, C.: T.A.: Recycling light metals: Optimal thermal de-coating. Multi-nuclear magnetic resonance study of Na3AIF6-AIPO4 molten and solidified mixtures. Journal of the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society 60 Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry 46 (2008) 803-810. (2008) 47-51.

Larsen, M.H.; Walmsley, J.C.; Lunder, O.; Mathiesen, R.; Meskers, C.E.M.; Reuter, M.A.; Boin, U.; Kvithyld, A.: Nisancioglu, K.: A fundamental metric for metal recycling applied to Intergranular corrosion of copper-containing AA6xxx coated magnesium. AlMgSi aluminum alloys. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B - Process Journal of the Electrochemical Society 155 (2008) Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science 39 (2008) C550-C556. 500-517.

Mostad, E; Rolseth, S; Thonstad, J.: Safarian-Dastjerdi, J.; Kolbeinsen, L.: Electrowinning of iron from sulphate solutions. Kinetic of carbothermic reduction of MnO from high- Hydrometallurgy 90 (2008) 213-220. carbon ferromanganese slag by graphite materials. ISIJ International 48 (2008) 395-404. Nisancioglu, K.; Orazem, M.: Applications of potential theory in cathodic protection. Safarian-Dastjerdi, J.; Tranell, G.; Tangstad, M.; ECS Transactions 16 (2008) 47-57. Kolbeinsen, L.; Gaal, S.; Kaczorowski, J.: Reduction kinetics of MnO from high-carbon ferro- Ofstad, A.B.; Davey, J.R.; Sunde, S.; Borup, R.L.: manganese slags by carbonaceous materials in Ar and Carbon corrosion of a PEMFC during shut-down/start-up CO atmospheres. when using an air purge procedure. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B - Process ECS Transactions 16 (2008) 1301-1311. Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science 39 (2008) 702-712. Seland, F.; Tunold, R.; Harrington, D.A.: Impedance study of formic acid oxidation on platinum Zhang, L.; Ciftja, A.: electrodes. Recycling of solar cell silicon scraps through filtration. Electrochimica Acta 53 (2008) 6851-6864. Part I: Experimental investigation. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 92 (2008) 1450- Svensson, A.M.; Weydahl, H.; Sunde, S.: 1461. Impedance modelling of air electrodes in alkaline media. Electrochimica Acta 53 (2008) 7483-7490. • INORGANIC CHEMISTRY Weydahl, H.; Möller-Holst, S.; Børresen, B.: Jensen, M.S.; Pezzotta, M.; Zhang, Z.; Einarsrud, M.-A.; Effect of gas composition and gas utilisation on the Grande, T.: dynamic response of a proton exchange membrane fuel Degradation of TiB ceramics in liquid aluminium. cell. 2 Journal of the European Ceramic Society 28 (2008) 3155- Journal of Power Sources 180 (2008) 808-813. 3164.

15 PUBLICATIONS IN INTERNATIONAL PEER REVIEW JOURNALS, BOOKS AND PATENTS

Lein, H.L.; Tezuka, T.; Grande, T.; Einarsrud, M.-A.: Sæterli, R.; van Helvoort, A.; Wang, G.; Rørvik, P.M.; Asymmetric proton conducting oxide membranes and Tanem, B.S.; Grande, T.; Einarsrud, M.-A.; Holmestad, R.:

fuel cells prepared by aqueous tape casting. Detailed TEM characterisation of PbTiO3 nanorods. Solid State Ionics 179 (2008) 1146-1150. Journal of Physics, Conference Series 126 (2008) 4 pages.

Lioliou, M.G.; Kofina, A.N.; Paraskeva, C.A.; Klepetsanis, Tolchard, J.R; Slater, P.R.: P.G.; Østvold, T.; Payatakes, A.C.; Koutsoukos, P.G.: A high temperature powder neutron diffraction Controlled precipitation of sparingly soluble phosphate structural study of the apatite-type oxide ion conductor,

salts using enzymes. I: Controlled development of La9.67Si6O26.5. solution supersaturation in situ. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 69 (2008) 2433- Crystal Growth & Design 8 (2008) 1390-1398. 2439.

Mokkelbost, T.; Kaus, I.; Haugsrud, R.; Norby, T.; Grande, Vullum, F.; Grande, T.:

T.; Einarsrud, M.-A.: Oxidation driven decomposition of CeNbO4 in pure High-temperature proton-conducting lanthanum ortho- oxygen. niobate-based materials. Part II: Sintering properties Chemistry of Materials 20 (2008) 5434-5437. and solubility of alkaline earth oxides. Journal of the American Ceramic Society 91 (2008) 879-886. Vullum, F.; Grande, T.: Oxygen stoichiometry and transport properties of cerium Ochoa-Fernandez, E.; Rønning, M.; Yu, X.; Grande, T.; niobate. Chen, D.: Solid State Ionics 179 (2008) 1061-1065. Compositional effects of nanocrystalline lithium

zirconate on its CO2 capture properties. Vullum, F.; Nitsche, F.; Selbach, S.M.; Grande, T.: Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 47 (2008) Solid solubility and phase transitions in the system

434-442. LaNb1-xTaxO4. Journal of Solid State Chemistry 181 (2008) 2580-2585. Okuyucu, H.; Dahl, P.I.; Einarsrud, M.-A.:

Coating of LaCoO3 thin film with sol-gel dip coating Vullum, P.E.; Lein, H.L.; Einarsrud, M.-A.; Grande, T.; method. Holmestad, R.: Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 8 (2008) 685-688. TEM observations of rhombohedral and monoclinic

domains in LaCoO3-based ceramics. Palcut, M.; Christensen, J.; Wiik, K.; Grande, T.: Philosophical Magazine 88 (2008) 1187-1208. 141 Impurity diffusion of Pr in LaMnO3, LaCoO3 and LaFeO3 materials. Ødegård, C.; Rong, H.M.; Foosnæs, T.; Øye, H.A.: Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 10 (2008) 6544-6552. The effect of iron, aluminium and calcium in metallurgical grade silicon on the hydrogenations of Pezzotta, M.; Zhang, Z.; Jensen, M.S.; Grande, T.; silicon tetrachloride. Einarsrud, M.-A.: Silicon for the Chemical and Solar Industry IX (2008) 215- Cohesive zone modeling of grain boundary microcracking 224. induced by thermal anisotropy in titanium diboride ceramics. Computational Materials Science 43 (2008) 440-449. • PHYSICAL METALLURGY Rørvik, P.M.; Almli, Å.; van Helvoort, A.; Holmestad, R.; Akhtar, S.; Arnberg, L.; Di Sabatino, M.; Dispinar, D.; Tybell, T.; Grande, T.; Einarsrud, M.-A.: Syvertsen, M.:

PbTiO3 nanorod arrays grown by self-assembly of A comparative study of porosity and pore morphology in a nanocrystals. directionally solidified A356 alloy. Nanotechnology 19 (2008) 6 pages. International Journal of Metalcasting 3 (2008) 39-52.

Rørvik, P.M.; Lyngdal, T.; Sæterli, R.; van Helvoort, A.; Albertsen, J.Z.; Grong, Ø.; Walmsley, J.C.; Mathiesen, R.; Holmestad, R.; Grande, T.; Einarsrud, M.-A.: Beek, W.J.: Influence of volatile chlorides on the molten salt A model for high-temperature pitting corrosion in nickel- synthesis of ternary oxide nanorods and nanoparticles. based alloys involving internal precipitation of carbides, Inorganic Chemistry 47 (2008) 3173-3181. oxides and graphite. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A - Physical Sandengen, K.; Jøsang, L.O.; Kaasa, B.: Metallurgy and Materials Science 39 (2008) 1258-1276.

Simple method for synthesis of magnesite (MgCO3). Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 47 (2008) Chen, Y.; Wang, Q.D.; Roven, H.J.; Liu, M.; Karlsen, M.; Yu, 1002-1004. Y.; Hjelen, J.: Network-shaped fine-grained microstructure and Selbach, S.M.; Tybell, T.; Einarsrud, M.-A.; Grande, T.: high ductility of magnesium alloy fabricated by cyclic

The ferroic phase transitions of BiFeO3. extrusion compression. Advanced Materials 20 (2008) 3692-3696. Scripta Materialia 58 (2008) 311-314.

Svarcova, S.; Wiik, K.; Tolchard, J. R; Bouwmeester, Chen, Y.; Wang, Q.D.; Roven, H.J.; Karlsen, M.; Yu, Y.; Liu, H.J.M.; Grande, T.: M.; Hjelen, J.:

Structural instability of cubic perovskite BaxSrxSr1-xCo1-y Microstructure evolution in magnesium alloy AZ31 FeyO . 3- δ during cyclic extrusion compression. Solid State Ionics 178 (2008) 1787-1791. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 462 (2008) 192-200.

16 PUBLICATIONS IN INTERNATIONAL PEER REVIEW JOURNALS, BOOKS AND PATENTS

Chen, Y.; Roven, H.J.; Wang, Q.D.; Liu, M.; Lin, J.: Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Effect of the second phase on the microstructure of Aluminium Alloys (2008) 1449-1455. magnesium alloys during cyclic extrusion compression. Materials Science Forum 584-586 (2008) 523-527. Haaland, B.Ø.; Westermann, I.; Holmedal, B.; Nes, E.A.: Microstructure and properties of as-deformed and Coco, L.; Lefevre-Schlick, F.; Bouaziz, O.; Wang, X.; annealed accumulated roll-bonded aluminium alloys. Solberg, J.K.; Embury, D.: Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on The mechanical response of compositionally graded Aluminium Alloys (2008) 1468-1473. materials. Materials Science & Engineering A - Structural Materials: Jia, Z.; Arnberg, L.: Properties, Microstructure and Processing 483-484 Nanobelts in multicomponent aluminium alloys. (2008) 266-269. Applied Physics Letters 93 (2008) 093115 (3 pages).

Coletti, G.; Kvande, R.; Michailetchi, V.D.; Geerilings, L.J.; Jia, Z.; Arnberg, L.; Åsholt, P.; Barlas, B.; Iveland, T.: Arnberg, L.; Øvrelid, E.J.: TEM investigations of aluminum precipitate in eutectic Si Effect of iron in silicon feedstock on p- and n-type of A356 based alloys. multicrystalline silicon solar cells. Proceedings of the 14th European Microscopy Congress 2 Journal of Applied Physics 104 (2008) 104913 (11 pages). (2008) 435-436.

Di Sabatino, M.; Arnberg, L.; Apelian, D.: Jia, Z.; Forbord, B.; Røyset, J.; Solberg, J.K.: Progress in the understanding of fluidity of aluminium Effect of heat treatments on hardening of Al-Zr-Sc alloys. foundry alloys. Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on International Journal of Metalcasting 2 (2008) 17-27. Aluminium Alloys (2008) 141-147.

Fjeldberg, E.; Marthinsen, K.: Jia, Z.; Hu, G.; Forbord, B.; Solberg, J.K.: A 3D Monte Carlo simulation of the texture evolution Enhancement of recrystallization resistance of Al-Zr-Mn during recrystallisation of an Al-Mg-Mn alloy. by two-step precipitation annealing. Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Materials Science & Engineering A - Structural Materials: Aluminium Alloys (2008) 1375-1380. Properties, Microstructure and Processing 483-484 (2008) 195-198. Fjeldberg, E.; Marthinsen, K.: A 3D Monte Carlo study of the effect of anisotropy on the Karlsen, M.; Hjelen, J.; Grong, Ø.; Rørvik, G.; Chiron, R.; size distribution of recrystallized grains. Schubert, U.; Nilsen, E.: Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on SEM/EBSD based in situ studies of deformation induced Aluminium Alloys (2008) 1156-1162. phase transformations in supermartensitic stainless steels. Forbord, B.; Hallem, H.; Røyset, J.; Marthinsen, K.: Materials Science and Technology 24 (2008) 64-72.

Thermal stability of Al3(Scx,Zr1-x)-dispersoids in extruded aluminium alloys. Kolar, M.; Gulbrandsen-Dahl, S.; Pedersen, K.O.; Materials Science & Engineering A - Structural Materials: Marthinsen, K.: Properties, Microstructure and Processing 475 (2008) The effect of deformation on the aging response of an 241-248. Al-Mg-Si alloy. Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Gouttebroze, S.; Mo, A.; Grong, Ø.; Pedersen, K.O.; Fjær, Aluminium Alloys (2008) 1619-1624. H.: A new constitutive model for the finite element Kvande, R.; Geerlings, L.J.; Coletti, G.; Arnberg, L.; Di simulation of local hot forming of aluminium 6xxx alloys. Sabatino, M.; Øvrelid, E.J.; Swanson, C.C.: Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A - Physical Distribution of iron in multicrystalline silicon ingots. Metallurgy and Materials Science 39 (2008) 522-534. Journal of Applied Physics 104 (2008) 064905 (9 pages).

Gulbrandsen-Dahl, S.; Pedersen, K.O.; Marioara, C.D.; Li, Y.; Dons, A.L.; Furu, T.; Arnberg, L.: Kolar, M.; Marthinsen, K.: Decomposition of a Mn-saturated solid solution in Mechanical characteristics of Post-β’’ precipitates in Al- an AA3xxx alloy during the cooling process after Mg-Si alloys. homogenization. Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Aluminium Alloys (2008) 1634-1639. Aluminium Alloys (2008) 986-992.

Grytten, F.; Holmedal, B.; Hopperstad, O.S.; Børvik, T.: Li, Y.; Furu, T.; Dons, A.L.; Marthinsen, K.; Arnberg, L.: Evaluation of identification methods for YLD2004-18p. Factors influencing the precipitation behaviour of Mn- International Journal of Plasticity 24 (2008) 2248-2277. containing dispersoids during homogenization of AA3xxx aluminium alloys. Holmedal, B.; van Houtte, P.; An, Y.: Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on A crystal plasticity model for strain-path changes in Aluminium Alloys (2008) 929-935. metals. International Journal of Plasticity 24 (2008) 1360-1379. Lin, J.; Wang, Q.; Peng, L.; Roven, H.J.: Study on deformation behavior and strain homogeneity Holmedal, B.; Skaret, P.C.; Nes, E.A.: during cyclic extrusion and compression. Abrupt strain-rate changes in high-purity binary Al-Mn Journal of Materials Science 43 (2008) 6920-6924. alloys.

17 PUBLICATIONS IN INTERNATIONAL PEER REVIEW JOURNALS, BOOKS AND PATENTS

Liu, M.; Roven, H.J.; Murashkin, M.; Valiev, R.Z.: Starink, M.J.; Wang, S.C.; Qiao, X.G.; Gao, N.; Roven, H.J.; Deformation twins and stacking faults in an AA5182 Al- Langdon, T.G.: Mg alloy processed by high pressure torsion. Shear deformation and texture evolution in Al alloys Materials Science Forum 579 (2008) 147-154. processed for one pass by ECAP. Materials Science Forum 584-586 (2008) 679-684. Liu, M.; Roven, H.J.; Ungar, T.; Balogh, L.; Murashkin, M.; Valiev, R.Z.: Stokkan, G; Ryningen, B.; Lohne, O.: Effects of Mg in nanostructured Al-Mg alloys subjected to Microstructures in multicrystalline silicon wafers for severe plastic deformation. solar cells. Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Silicon for the Chemical and Solar Industry IX (2008) 113- Aluminium Alloys (2008) 835-841. 119.

Liu, M.; Roven, H.J.; Ungar, T.; Balogh, L.; Murashkin, M.; Szczygiel, P.; Roven, H.J.; Reiso, O.: Valiev, R.Z.: Annealing of Al-Si alloys after equal-channel angular Grain boundary structure and deformation defects in pressing. nanostructured Al–Mg alloys processed by high pressure Materials Science & Engineering A - Structural Materials: torsion. Properties, Microstructure and Processing 493 (2008) Materials Science Forum 584-586 (2008) 528-534. 202-206.

Liu, M.; Roven, H.J.; Yu, Y.; Werenskiold, J.C.: Tangen, S.; Furu, T.; Auran, L.; Nes, E.A.: Deformation structures in 6082 aluminium alloy after On the effect of supersaturation and dispersoids on the severe plastic deformation by equal-channel angular microstructure development after extrusion of AlMn- pressing. alloys. Materials Science & Engineering A - Structural Materials: Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Properties, Microstructure and Processing 483–484 Aluminium Alloys (2008) 607-613. (2008) 59-63. Timelli, G.; Lohne, O.; Arnberg, L.; Laukli, H.I.: Myhr, O.R.; Grong, Ø.: Effect of solution heat treatments on the microstructure Utilizing a predictive tool for designing welded aluminum and mechanical properties of a die-cast AlSi7MgMn alloy. components. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A - Physical Welding Journal 87 (2008) 36-39. Metallurgy and Materials Science 39 (2008 ) 1747-1758.

Nijs, O.C.J.; Holmedal, B.; Friis, J.; Nes, E.A.: Werenskiold, J.C.; Auran, L.; Roven, H.J.; Ryum, N.; Reiso, Sub-structure strengthening and work hardening of an O.: ultra-fine grained aluminium-magnesium alloy. Screw extruder for continuous extrusion of materials Materials Science & Engineering A - Structural Materials: with high viscosity. Properties, Microstructure and Processing 483-484 Patent number WO 2008/063076 A1 (2008). (2008) 51-53. Wu, Y.; Han, W.; Zhou, S.X.; Lototsky, M.V.; Solberg, J.K.; Pedersen, K.O.; Roven, H.J.; Lademo, O.-G.; Hopperstad, Yartys, V.: O.S.: Microstructure and hydrogenation behaviour of ball- Strength and ductility of aluminium alloy AA7030. milled and melt-spun Mg-10Ni-2Mm alloys. Materials Science & Engineering A - Structural Materials: Journal of Alloys and Compounds 466 (2008) 176-181. Properties, Microstructure and Processing 473 (2008) 81-89. Yu, Y.; Nilsen, T.A.; Raanes, M.P.; Hjelen, J.; Solberg, J.K.: Characterization of morphology and microstructure of Roven, H.J.; Liu, M.; Werenskiold, J.C.: different kinds of materials at NTNU Mater Sci EM Lab. Dynamic precipitation during severe plastic deformation Proceedings of the 14th European Microscopy Congress 2 of an Al–Mg–Si aluminium alloy. (2008) 513-514. Materials Science & Engineering A - Structural Materials: Properties, Microstructure and Processing 483-484 (2008) 54-58.

Røyset, J.; Ryum, N.; Bettella, D.; Tocco, A.; Jia, Z.; Solberg, J.K.; Reiso, O.: On the addition of precipitation- and work-hardening in an Al-Sc alloy. Materials Science & Engineering A - Structural Materials: Properties, Microstructure and Processing 483-484 (2008) 175-178.

Schaffer, P.; Mathiesen, R.; Arnberg, L.; Di Sabatino, M.; Snigirev, A.: In situ investigation of spinodal decomposition in hypermonotectic Al–Bi and Al–Bi–Zn alloys. New Journal of Physics 10 (2008) 16 pages.

18 Publications in refereed journals and books CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, OTHER REPORTS AND PUBLICATIONS

Akhtar, S.; Timelli, G.; Bonollo, F.; Arnberg, L.; Di Sabatino, Dalaker, H.: M.: The solubility of nitrogen in liquid silicon equilibrated A comparative study of defects and mechanical with silicon nitride. properties in high pressure die cast and gravity die cast SINTEF Report A8201 (2008). 26 pages. aluminium alloys. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference High Tech Dalaker, H.: Die Casting (CD) (2008) 19 pages. Time and temperature dependency of the solubility of carbon in liquid silicon the effect of boron content. Borup, R.L.; Davey, J.R.; Xu, H.; Ofstad, A.B.; Garzon, F.; SINTEF Report A9820 (2008). 35 pages. Pivovar, B.: PEM fuel cell durability. Dalaker, H.; Tangstad, M.: Annual Progress Report (2008) 957-961. The solubility of carbon in liquid silicon and its dependence on the boron levels. Ciftja, A.; Engh, T.A.; Tangstad, M.: Proceedings of the 18th Workshop on Crystalline Silicon Refining and recycling of silicon: A review. Solar Cells & Modules: Materials and Processes (2008) NTNU Report (2008). 40 pages. 117-120.

Ciftja, A.; Engh, T.A.; Tangstad, M.; Kvithyld, A.: Dalaker, H.; Tangstad, M.: Recycling of silicon scrap by filtration. Time and temperature of the solubility of carbon in liquid Proceedings of the 18th Workshop on Crystalline Silicon silicon. Solar Cells & Modules: Materials and Processes (2008) Proceedings of the 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar 101-104. Energy Conference (2008) 1250-1252.

Ciftja, A.; Engh, T.A.; Tangstad, M.; Kvithyld, A.: Espelund, A.W.: Recycling of solar cell silicon scrap by filtration. Bondejern i Norge. Proceedings of the 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Arketype forlag (2008). 176 pages. Energy Conference (2008) 1274-1277. Espelund, A.W.: Ciftja, A.; Tangstad, M.; Engh, T.A.: Jernvinne-mannen Halvard Bakås. Wettability of silicon with refractory materials: A review. Roser i skrinn jord - Halvard Bakås, Hessdalen og NTNU Report (2008). 37 pages. Arbeiderbevegelsen (2008) 150-153.

Ciftja, A.; Øvrelid, E.J.; Tangstad, M.; Engh, T.A.: Espelund, A.W.: Settling of solid particles in molten silicon as a refining The mechanism of bloomery iron production. step from metallurgical grade to solar grade silicon. The Introduction of Iron in Eurasia (2008) 33-42. Proceedings of the 3rd Nordic Symposium for Young Scientists in Metallurgy (2008) 77-81. Espelund, A.W.: Åmdals Verk 1691-1945, Deutsche Ausgabe. Cui, J.; Forssberg, E.; Manouchehri, H.-R.; Roven, H.J.: Vest-Telemark Museum (2008). 27 pages. Recovery of metals from shredded television scrap. Proceedings of the XXIV International Mineral Processing Espelund, A.W.: Congress 3 (2008) 3461-3468. Åmdals Verk 1691-1945, English version. Vest-Telemark Museum (2008). 27 pages. Dalaker, H.: Addition to “Effective distribution coefficients of boron in Espelund, A.W.; Morten, Ø.; Kyvik, G.; Grini, V.; Nordrum, solar grade multicrystalline silicon”: a discussion of the F.S.; Bastiansen, B.: samples from the liquid phase. Åmdals Verk 1691-1945. SINTEF Report A8200 (2008). 6 pages. Vest-Telemark Museum (2008). 27 pages.

Dalaker, H.: Frosta, O.E.; Foosnæs, T.; Øye, H.A.; Linga, H.: Light microscopy. Modelling of anode thermal cracking behaviour. Translation of J. K. Solberg’s “Lysmikroskopi” (2008). 101 Light Metals (2008) 923-927. pages. Giri, R.; Solberg, J.K.: Dalaker, H.: Microstructural and mechanical properties of pulsed The solubility of carbon in liquid silicon. plasma nitrided duplex stainless steel. SINTEF Report A6363 (2008). 22 pages. Proceedings of the Materials Science & Technology Conference and Exhibition (CD) (2008) 1493-1501.

19 CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, OTHER REPORTS AND PUBLICATIONS

Ibrahiem, M.O.; Foosnæs, T.; Øye, H.A.:

Properties of pitch and furan-based TiB2-C cathodes. Light Metals (2008) 1013-1018.

Larsen, T.; Randhol, P.; Lioliou, M.; Jøsang, L.O.; Østvold, T.:

Kinetics of CaCO3 scale formation during core flooding. Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Oilfield Scale (2008) 12 pages.

Mönks, F.J.; Ypenburg, I.H.; Ystenes, M.: Begavede barn. En veiledning for foreldre og pedagoger. Abstrakt forlag (2008). 105 pages.

Ratvik, A.P.; Støre, A.; Solheim, A.; Foosnæs, T.: The effect of current density on cathode expansion during start-up. Light Metals (2008) 973-978.

Roven, H.J.; Hansen, G.H.: China and “The Hydro Way”: An interview with Carl Lewin, Senior Engineer, Hydro Aluminium. Making it in China (2008) 185-195.

Ryningen, B.; Stokkan, G.; Lohne, O.; Modanese, C.: Growth of dislocation clusters in directionally solidified multicrystalline silicon. Proceedings of the 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference (2008) 4 pages.

Wiik, K.: Et pulver for framtiden. Universitetsavisa (2008). 25.01.2008.

Ystenes, M.: Slike barn finnes - og de trenger denne boken. Begavede barn. En veiledning for foreldre og pedagoger (2008) 7-13.

Øye, H.A.: ISO standards for testing of cathode materials. Light Metals (2008) 937-948.

Øye, H.A.; Brekken, H.; Foosnæs, T.; Nygård, L.: Silicon for the Chemical and Solar Industry IX. Tapir Akademisk Forlag (2008). 283 pages.

20 EQUIPMENT

ELECTROCHEMISTRY • 10-15 different vertical ‘versatile’ furnaces, temperatures up to 1600°C. Electrochemical equipment: • Thermo Gravimetric Analyzer with mass spectrometer. Potentiostates, frequency analysers and sweep • Vacuum/inert gas facility for measurements of diffusion generators. constants, up to 1200°C. Electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance and an • Instruments for solubility measurements. electrochemical quartz crystal nanobalance. Digital Acquisition system for FFT ac voltammetry. INORGANIC CHEMISTRY Surface characterisation: Electrochemical STM/AFM microscopy for performing in Materials characterization: situ combined electrochemical and surface studies. • Thermobalances equipped for - Vapour pressure measurements by boiling point and Adsorption measurements: Knudsen effusion method for use up to 2200°C. A volumetric PCT (Pressure Composition Temperature) - High temperature gravimetric analysis (max. 2200°C) equipment for measurements of hydrogen adsorption in in controlled atmosphere. hydride forming materials. • Calorimeters - Calvet type reaction calorimeters (max. 1120°C). Miscellaneous: - Differential scanning calorimeter (Perkin-Elmer DSC- Preparative equipment, vacuum systems, glove boxes, 2) for use up to 727°C. test rigs. - DTA/Reaction calorimeter (max 1200°C). - TGA/DTA/DSC for use up to 1600°C. • Viscometers EXTRACTIVE METALLURGY - Precision viscometers for determination of the viscosity of molten salts, metals and hydrocarbons at Furnaces high temperatures and pressures. • Crucible furnace, capacity 140 kg aluminium; with gas • Equipment for the measurement of thermal conductivity purging unit etc. for metal refinery studies. and thermal diffusivity by the hot strip method of solids • Induction furnace, capacity 200 kg of steel, Eloterm. or liquids up to 700°C (R and D Carbon). • Induction furnace, capacity 20 kg of steel, ASEA. • Equipment for the measurement of thermal conductivity • Vacuum induction furnace, capacity 2 kg of steel, Balzer. of bricks and powders up to 1200°C. • Plasma pilot facility/furnace, capacity 30 kg/h and • Hitatchi S-3400N variable pressure SEM equipped with plasma temperatures up to ~ 3000°C. INCA Energy EDS system and EBSD. • Electro-melting furnace, one-phase current, for pilot • Reichert-Jung MeF3A optical microscope for metal and production of metals. mineralogical applications equipped with computerized • Small induction furnace up to 3600°C. image analysis system. • Porosimeters Water model - Carlo Erba 2000 WS, (pore radius: 0.004-7.5 mm), • Laser methods applied to follow fluid flow and gas Macropore 120 (pore radius: 7.5-600 mm). bubble flow behaviour in light-transparent models - Micromeritics TRISTAR 3000, (pore diameter: 3.5- representing industrial processes. 2100 Å). • Pilot scale gas injections (in water). • Rapoport test apparatus (R and D Carbon). • Rammability (R and D Carbon). Miscellaneous • Air Permeability (R and D Carbon). • High temperature microscope for wettability studies; • Specific Electrical Resistance (R and D Carbon). sessile drop method. • Sodium resistance test equipment (carbon). • Abrasion tester.

21 Equipment

• Lloyd LR 100K Materials Testing Machine. Yield and • Siemens D5005 powder X-ray diffractometer, unit B. strength tests up to 1000°C. - Secondary monochromator (graphite), autom. • Equipment for mechanical characteri¬zation of bending antiscatter and divergence slit, Göbel mirror system, strength, E-modulus, fracture toughness and creep up high temp. system HTK 15, pos. sensitive and to 1100°C under controlled atmosphere. scintillation detector, grazing incidence attachment, • Equipment for mechanical 3-point bending of gels (100 g sample changer 40 pos, capillary sample holder. load cell). • Bruker D8 Focus X-ray diffractometer. • Thermal dilation measurements in controlled - Cu Kα X-ray tube, variable divergence slit assembly. atmosphere up to 1450°C. - Theta/theta base goniometer, automatic sample • LECO TC-436 Oxygen and Nitrogen Determinator. changer, rotating reflection sample stage. • Micromeritics AccuPyc 1330 Pycnometer. - Solid state LynxEye(TM) detector and scintillation • Haake VT550 viscometer system. detector. • Instron 5543 Mechanical testing equipment for ball-on- ring testing method, with 5N, 100N and 1kN load cells. Catalysis • Spray coater: Sono-Tek ExactaCoat FC, xyz tabletop • Reactor for Ziegler-Natta polymerization with ultrasonic spray system with combined heat/vacuum plate. continuous gas flow measurements. • KSVLMX2 Dip coater for multiple vessel dip coating • Reactors for production of dimethyl dichlorosilane and applications. trichlorosilane both with computerized on-line gas chromatographs for continuous analysis. One of the Production of carbon materials reactors can be pressurized up to 4 bars. • Pilot plant scale for mixing anode, cathode or ramming paste including sigma-mixer and vibration press. PHYSICAL METALLURGY Production of ceramic materials • Spray pyrolysis unit for large scale production of Metallography ceramic powders. • Specimen preparation and light optical laboratory • Spray dryer. Traditional specimen preparation equipment for cutting, • Cold isostatic press (Flow Autoclave Systems). embedding, grinding and mechanical polishing, Struers • Uniaxial press. RotoPol-31 automatic grinding and polishing machine, • Tape Caster (Richard E. Mistler). Struers Lectropol-5 electropolisher, Struers Tenopol-5 • CARVER Model #12-12H Hydraulic Laboratory Press. for TEM thin foil preparation, 4 optical microscopes attached with digital cameras (Leica MeF4, Leitz MM6, Spectroscopy Leitz Metalloplan, Zeiss Axiovert 25), Matuzawa DVK-1S • Bruker IFS 66v Fourier Transform Infrared microhardness tester (0.5 – 10 kg), Leica VMHT MOT Spectrometer (4500 100 cm-1). IR microscope. micro hardness tester (1g – 2000g, anno 2003). • Cary 5, UV-VIS-NIR Spectrometer (57000 - 333 cm-1). • Scanning electron microscope (SEM) laboratory Zeiss SUPRA 55VP (LVFESEM, 2006), Hitachi S-4300SE X-ray diffraction equipment (FESEM, 2002), Zeiss, Ultra 55LE, FESEM (2007), Jeol • Bruker D8 ADVANCE X-ray diffractometer. 840 (1989). 3 SEMs are equipped with EDS and EBSD. - Cu Kα X-ray tube, variable divergence slit assembly. The laboratory have in-situ sub-stage systems for EBSD - Theta/theta base goniometer, automatic sample tensile and thermo mechanical experiments (heating, changer, rotating reflection sample stage. and cooling down to -60 °C). - Variable antiscatter slit assembly, scintillation • Electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA) detector. Jeol JXA-8500F field emission gun hyperprobe with - VANTEC-I 1D detector with large active area. 5 wavelength dispersive spectrometers, special - TC-Wide Range low/high temperature chamber, crystals for light element analysis, EDS, and rotating ceramic sample stage. cathodoluminescence system (2006). Chemical analysis • Siemens D5005 powder X-ray diffractometer, unit A. of submicron volumes. - Primary monochromator (quartz) • Focused Ion Beam - Cu Kα X-ray tube, automatic antiscatter slit, FEI, FIB 200 (2008). While the SEM uses a focused scintillation detector. beam of electrons to image the sample in the chamber,

22 Equipment

a FIB instead uses a focused beam of gallium. Focused • Casting laboratory ion beam, also known as “FIB”, is a technique used ASEA 3830 Hz induction furnace (6.5 liters, max 1700°C), particularly in the semiconductor and materials science Balzer VSG10 3830Hz vacuum induction furnace (1-2 fields for site-specific analysis, deposition, and specimen liters, max 2000°C), induction melt spinner for rapid preparation for SEM and TEM samples. solidification (5cm3), Marco arc melt spinner for rapid • Transmission electron microscope solidification (100cm3). Jeol JEM-2010 (1994) with LaB6 filament equipped with STEM, EDS and Gatan GIF imaging filter. Welding • Specimen preparation laboratory for electron microscope (SINTEF but used by Department of Materials Science and Agar, Turbo carbon coater. Engineering). Edwards, Sputtercoater S150B (Au, Pt, W). Hyperbaric welding equipment, ABB welding robot JEOL, JEE-4X evaporator. station, Smitweld TCS 1405 resistor weld simulator, Fishione, Plasma cleaner, model 1020. 2 high frequency induction generators (6kW, 12kW), Iontech, Ionetcher SEM sample. medium frequency generator (50kW), IRC (Instrumented Iontech, Ionetcher TEM sample. Restrained Cracking) jig, Satoh jig for welding prestrained • X-ray diffraction specimens, Ströhlein TCD (Thermal Conductivity Siemens D5000 X-ray diffractometer equipped with Euler Detection) instrument for hydrogen measurement, cradle for texture measurements. mercury based hydrogen analysis apparatus. • Furnace laboratory 5 salt bath furnaces (250°C-590°C), 5 oil bath furnaces Wear testing (50°C-250°C), 9 fluid bed furnaces (0°C-600°C), 2 muffle Pin on disk -, pin on ring - and pin on plate machines, furnaces (0°C-800°C, 0°C-1300°C), 2 air circulation Struers Microwave abrasive testing machine, water jet furnaces (0°C-650°C), one with large chamber erosion machine. (Multitherm S250/65A, 450mm×450mm×600mm, anno 2003). Pressing ABB hot isostatic press (2000 bar, 2000°C), ABB cold isostatic press (6000 bar), Thermal Technology Inc. Mechanical testing hydraulic hot axial press (200kPa). MTS 810 universal testing machine (10 tons), MTS 880 universal testing machine (10 tons) equipped with 250°C Solar silicon furnace chamber and MTS Teststar control units, shear Clean room class 10000, Crystalox DS 250 Bridgeman tester, bend tester, compression tools, formability furnace for directional solidification of (solar cell) silicon, tools, fatigue and fracture grips, high rate tensile grips, saw for cutting silicon ingots, Jandel four points probe ordinary extensometers and clip gauges for room for resistivity measurements, Leo Gieken instrument temperature testing, laser speckle analyzer, dynamic for measurement of lifetime of minority charge carriers, speckle correlation strain analyses. PVScan 6000 instrument for measurement of dislocation densities and detection of grain boundaries, GTSolar LBIC Metal forming (Light Beam Induced Current) measuring device. 60 and 100 tons hydraulic presses, equal channel angular pressing tools, hydroforming tools, Marciniak formability tester (used also in MTS 880), ASAME equipment for automatic 3-dimensional strain analysis and measurements. Hot torsion machine, two cold rolling mills.

Casting • Small scale solidification laboratory 3 resistor furnaces (max 1000°C), reometer, Podfa filter for analysing melt quality, Bridgeman furnace (ferro alloys), Seiko differential scanning calorimeter (-150°C - 600°C).

23 Chemistry building II (KII)–seminars, Energy and Materials Department of Materials Science and Engineering Fridays 12.30 in KII (Chemistry building II) Seminar leader: Reidar Tunold

Speaker Topic January 18 Dr. Ulrich Bünger and Dr. Reinhold Wurster, Ludwig- Motivation and strategic activities required in the Bölkow-Systemtechnik (GmbH), München-Ottobrunn, development of hydrogen & fuel cells for the world market. Germany. February 1 PhD student Sverre Magnus Selbach, Department of Order, symmetry and phase transitions in a multiferroic Materials Science and Engineering, NTNU. perovskite. February 8 Professor, Dr.philos. Otto Lohne, Department of Materials Solar cells - Technology, opportunities and challenges. Science and Engineering, NTNU. February 15 Research Scientist, PhD Ingeborg Kaus, SINTEF Materials Added value technologies for solar cells. and Chemistry. February 22 Dr. Gery R. Stafford, National Institute of Standards and In situ stress and nanogravimetric measurements during Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA. underpotential metal deposition. February 29 PhD student Rajorshi Basu, Department of Materials Oxidation properties of a MAX phase based composite. Science and Engineering, NTNU. March 7 Project Manager, Dr.ing. Børre Tore Børresen, The R&D project: “New energy carriers and biotechnology” StatoilHydro, Norway. in StatoilHydro. March 28

PhD Julian Tolchard, Department of Materials Science and Cation diffusion in LaGaO3, a molecular dynamics study. Engineering, NTNU. April 4 PhD student Anawati, Department of Materials Science and Characterization of the effect of Cu on activation of AlPb Engineering, NTNU. model alloy. April 11 Associate Professor, Dr.ing. Magnus Rønning, Department In situ characterisation of catalysts for fuel production and of Chemical Engineering, NTNU. energy conversion. April 18 PhD student Francesco Madaro, Department of Materials Synthesis of alkali niobate templates for textured KNN Science and Engineering, NTNU. piezoelectrics. April 20 Professor Adolf Kisza, Faculty of Chemistry, University of An equivalent circuit approach to electrochemical methods. Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland. May 20 Professor Pierre Millet, University Paris-Sud 11, Orsay Highlights from research and development on hydrogen Cedex, France. technology within University Paris-Sud 11. May 29 Professor Dr. Tatiana Stromnova, the Lomonosov State Polynuclear carboxylate-palladium complexes as Academy of Fine Chemical Technology (MITHT), Moscow, precursors for fuel cell catalysts. Russia. May 30 Chief Technology Officer, Dr.ing. Lars Ole Valøen, Miljø Challenges facing the Li-ion battery technology when Innovasjon AS, Herøya Forskningspark, Porsgrunn, entering the automotive market. Norway.

24 Chemistry building II (KII)–seminars, Energy and Materials

June 3 Principal Research Scientist Alberto Gonzalez, Teck Advances in zinc electrowinning. Cominco Metals Ltd., Vancouver, Canada. October 10 Professor, Dr.ing. Tor Grande, Department of Materials Cation diffusion in perovskite materials. Science and Engineering, NTNU. October 17 Associate Professor, PhD Fride Vullum, Department of Synthesis and characterization of lithium ion nanobatteries Materials Science and Engineering, NTNU. and lithium battery nanoelectrode arrays. October 24 Research Scientist, Dr.ing. Magnus Thomassen, SINTEF Designed experimental approach for screening of PEMFC Materials and Chemistry. performance and durability. November 7 Professor, PhD Kemal Nisancioglu, Department of Effect of lead (Pb) segregation on electrochemistry and Materials Science and Engineering, NTNU. corrosion of aluminum alloys. November 14 Chief Scientist Asbjørn Solheim, SINTEF Materials and Deterioration of the bottom lining in aluminium reduction Chemistry. cells - chemical equilibria at 1100 K. November 21 PhD student Stein Trygve Briskeby, Department of Characterization of electrocatalysts for fuel cells. Materials Science and Engineering, NTNU. November 28 PhD Edita Garskaite, Department of Materials Science and Thin film deposition for PV solar cell applications. Engineering, NTNU. December 5 PhD Evanthia Stefanidaki, Department of Materials Science Value added products based on ceramic nano-sized and Engineering, NTNU. powders.

25 Guest lecturers

Speaker Topic January 18 Dr. Ulrich Bünger and Dr. Reinhold Wurster, Ludwig- Motivation and strategic activities required in the Bölkow-Systemtechnik (GmbH), München-Ottobrunn, development of hydrogen & fuel cells for the world market. Germany. February 11 Dr. Marie-Isabelle Baraton, Department of Ceramics Contribution of FTIR spectroscopy to nanoscience and (SPCTS, UMR CNRS), University of Limoges, Limoges nanotechnology. Cedex, France. February 22 Dr. Gery R. Stafford, National Institute of Standards and In situ stress and nanogravimetric measurements during Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA. underpotential metal deposition. April 29 Professor Adolf Kisza, Faculty of Chemistry, University of An equivalent circuit approach to electrochemical methods. Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland. May 20 Professor Pierre Millet, University Paris-Sud 11, Orsay Highlights from research and development on hydrogen Cedex, France. technology within University Paris-Sud 11. May 29 Professor Dr. Tatiana Stromnova, the Lomonosov State Polynuclear carboxylate-palladium complexes as Academy of Fine Chemical Technology (MITHT), Moscow, precursors for fuel cell catalysts. Russia. May 29 Principal Research Scientist Alberto Gonzalez, Teck Com- Advances in zink electrowinning. inco Metals Ltd., Vancouver, Canada. September 12 Kimon Symeonidis, Metals Processing Institute, Worcester Controlled diffusion solidification - mechanisms and Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, USA. principles.

26 STAFF

SCIENTIFIC STAFF Associate Professor, PhD Fride Vullum, from September 17, 2008 Professor, PhD Lars Arnberg Professor, Dr.ing. Kjell Wiik Professor emeritus Jon Arne Bakken Adjunct Professor, PhD Volodymyr Yartys Associate Professor emeritus, Dr.ing. Dagfinn Bratland Professor, Dr.ing. Martin Ystenes Professor, Dr.ing. Mari-Ann Einarsrud, Professor, Dr.techn. Terje Østvold 50 % position from January 1 to June 30, 2008 and Adjunct Associate Professor, Dr.ing. Eivind Johannes 80 % position from July 1 to December 31, 2008 Øvrelid, from July 1, 2008 Professor emeritus, Dr.ing. Thorvald Abel Engh Professor emeritus, Dr.techn. Harald Arnljot Øye Adjunct Professor, PhD Olaf Engler Professor emeritus Arne Wang Espelund TECHNICAL STAFF Professor, Dr.ing. Trygve Foosnæs Professor, Dr.ing. Tor Grande Senior Engineer Elin Harboe Albertsen, from April 1, 2008 Professor, Dr.ing. Øystein Grong Senior Engineer Jan Arve Baatnes Professor, Dr.scient. Jarle Hjelen Chief Engineer Wilhelm Dall Professor emeritus, Dr.techn. Jan Lützow Holm Engineer Fritz Helgemo Associate Professor, Dr.scient. Bjørn Holmedal, (40 %) Senior Engineer Harald Holm, from June 1, 2008 Professor, Dr.ing. Geir Martin Haarberg Chief Engineer Eli Beate Jakobsen Adjunct Professor, Dr.ing. Ola Jensrud Engineer Solveig Louise Sørli Jonassen, Adjunct Professor, Dr.ing. Harald Justnes (50 %) from December 1, 2008 Professor, Dr.ing. Leiv Kolbeinsen Senior Engineer Torild Krogstad Associate Professor, Dr.ing. Hilde Lea Lein, Chief Engineer Elin Nilsen, to September 1, 2008 from August 1, 2008 Senior Engineer Tor Arild Nilsen Professor, Dr.philos. Otto Lohne Senior Engineer Svein Arne Pedersen, (50 %) Professor, Dr.ing. Knut Marthinsen from March 3, 2008 Adjunct Professor, PhD Mohammed M’Hamdi, Senior Engineer Kjell Røkke from August 9, 2008 Chief Engineer Morten Raanes Professor emeritus, M.Sc.Eng. Ketil Motzfeldt Senior Engineer Pål Skaret Professor emeritus, PhD Erik Nes Engineer Odd Steinar Strømsli Professor, PhD Kemal Nisancioglu Senior Engineer May Grete Sætran, Professor emeritus Sverre Olsen (50 %) from October 6, 2008 Adjunct Professor, Dr.ing. Knut Arne Paulsen Chief Engineer Pål Ulseth Adjunct Professor, Dr.techn. Oddvin Reiso Engineer Gunn Torill Wikdahl Adjunct Professor, Dr.ing. Christian Rosenkilde Chief Engineer Yingda Yu Professor emeritus, Dr.techn. Terkel Rosenqvist Professor, Dr.techn. Hans Jørgen Roven ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF Professor emeritus, Dr.techn. Nils Ryum Associate Professor, PhD Frode Seland Executive Officer Martha Bjerknes Professor, Dr.philos Jan Ketil Solberg Executive Officer Elsa Mari Florhaug Professor emeritus, Dr.ing. Åsmund Sterten Head of Administration Trond Einar Hagen Professor, Dr.techn. Svein Sunde Office Apprentice Hege Knutsdatter Johnsen, Adjunct Professor, Dr.ing. Morten Sørlie from November 24, 2008 Professor, Dr.ing. Merete Tangstad Executive Officer Unni Keiseraas Professor emeritus, Dr.techn. Jomar Thonstad Higher Executive Officer Brit Wenche Meland Professor emeritus Reidar Tunold Executive Officer Hilde Martinsen Nordø Professor emeritus Johan Kristian Tuset Secretary Åse Lill Salomonsen Adjunct Professor, Dr.ing. Halvard Tveit

27 Staff

RESEARCH SCIENTISTS DEPARTMENT SCHOLARSHIP HOLDERS

PhD Snorre Fjeldbo, to September 15, 2008 Per Kristian Dahlstrøm, from August 11, 2008 PhD Zhihong Jia Morten Karlsen PhD Paul Schaffer Lars-Erik Owe Dr.ing. Gaute Stokkan Sverre Magnus Selbach PhD Shuihua Tang, from June 11, 2008 Xiangjun Zuo, to September 1, 2008 PhD Mikhail Tsypkin Cecilie Ødegård, to August 5, 2008 PhD Fride Vullum, from May 1 to September 16, 2008 EXTERNAL SCHOLARSHIP HOLDERS GUEST PROFESSORS/RESEARCHERS WITH TEACHING DUTIES

Nadia Cheroudi, from April 1 to June 30, 2008 Sarina Bao Associate Professor, Dr.ing. Hallstein Hemmer, Stein Trygve Briskeby from August 1, 2008 Jirang Cui M.Sc. Jinbao Lin, to September, 2008 Halvor Dalaker PhD Pietrzyk Stanislaw, Mahdi Darab, from June 2, 2008 from August 4 to September 30, 2008 Per Anders Eidem, to September 15, 2008 M.Sc. Zhipeng Zeng, from October 1, 2008 Egil Fjeldberg Nils Håvard Giskeødegård POST DOCTORAL FELLOWS Sidsel Meli Hanetho Fredrik Haakonsen PhD Martin Bellmann Liudmila Igorevna Ilyukhina PhD Dmitry Bokach, from January 24, 2008 Morten Sundheim Jensen, to September 6, 2008 PhD Yongjun Chen Lina M. Jonasson, to September 19, 2008 PhD Snorre Fjeldbo, from September 16, 2008 Kenji Kawaguchi PhD Edita Garskaite Eirin Kvalheim PhD Rajiv Giri Ingrid Anne Lervik, to November 8, 2008 PhD José Luis Gómez, from February 25, 2008 Francesco Madaro Dr.ing. Sverre Gulbrandsen-Dahl, (50 %) Chiara Modanese Dr.ing. Hilde Lea Lein, to July 31, 2008 Peyman Mohseni, from August 26, 2008 PhD Manping Liu Erlend Fjøsne Nordstrand PhD Raymond Longbottom, to August 28, 2008 Axel Baumann Ofstad PhD Jafar Safarian-Dastjerdi Silje Rodahl, to June 13, 2008 PhD Evanthia Stefanidaki, from February 1, 2008 Espen Rudberg, to March 23, 2008 PhD Julian Tolchard Birgit Ryningen, to June 30, 2008 PhD Fride Vullum, to April 30, 2008 Per Martin Rørvik PhD Boyan Yuan Dmitry Slizowskiy Sapthagireesh Subbarayan, from September 10, 2008 SCIENTIFIC ASSISTANTS Guttorm Ernst Syvertsen, from March 3, 2008 Yufeng Wang, to June 30, 2008 Leiv Olav Jøsang Sophie Beatrice Weber, from June 23, 2008 Rune Christian Kjøsnes, to December 17, 2008 Øyvind Østrem Stephen Lobo, from October 1, 2008 Natasha Rajan, from May 1 to August 31, 2008 EXTERNAL SCHOLARSHIP HOLDERS Ruth Astrid Strøm, (10 %) from September 1, 2008 Benjamin Topinka, from May 1, 2008 Shahid Akhtar Kira Turkova, (30%) Anawati Rajorshi Basu, to August 27, 2008 Marte Bjørnsdotter Yacine Boulfrad, from October 6, 2008

28 Staff

Arjan Ciftja Jan Gregor Høydahl Sørli Pierre Delaleau Morten Tjelta Jørgen Furu Knut Omdal Tveito Hasan Güleryüz, from February 11, 2008 Birgitte Bårli Vågenes Mehdi Kadkhodabeigi, from April 17, 2008 Espen Tjønneland Wefring Maulid Kivambe, from December 1, 2008 Heidi T. Østby Ole Sigmund Kjos Vegar Øygarden Michal Kolar Michal Ksiazek, from August 27, 2008 Fall semester Köksal Kurt, from February 18, 2008 Patrick Alknes Piotr Ochal, from February 13, 2008 Olav Kigen Bjering Stian Seim Ingvild Brynjulfsen Esma Senel, from October 27, 2008 Andreas Egholm Maneesh C. Srivastava, to October 10, 2008 Kjersti Meldal Eide Juan Tan, from March 15, 2008 Nina Enaasen Kati Tschöpe Espen Erdal Zhaohui Wang Chriss T. R. L. Grimholt Saijun Xiao Silje Aamodt Haga Dongju Zhao Kjell Inge Halten Alexander Hammersgård UNDERGRADUATE ASSISTANTS Jens Kristian Holmen Katja Ekroll Jahren Spring semester Joakim Johnsen Vegar Andersen Halvor Kjærås Michel Brunes Berg Hans Fredrik Nyvold Kvitvang Olav Kigen Bjering Eva Landsem Ingvild Brynjulfsen Ørjan Fossmark Lohne Per Kristian Dahlstrøm Erica Marley Kjersti Meldahl Eide Thea Ragna Storesund Mohn Espen Erdal Rolf Heilemann Myhre Siri Albertsen Fagerbekk Håvard Johnsen Reitan Jalal Fahadi Solveig Rørkjær Chriss T. R. L. Grimholt Anna Synnøve Ødegaard Røstad Ragnhild Helene Gulbrandsen Trine Vibeke Salvesen Kjell Inge Halten Kjetil Skjeldestad Jens Kristian Holmen Lilian Sola Strand Tor Johansen Tor Olav Løveng Sunde Halvor Kjærås Morten Tjelta Hans Fredrik Nyvold Kvitvang Espen Tjønneland Wefring Eva Landsem Vegar Øygarden Anders Langva Ingunn Ramdal SUMMER STUDENTS Håvard Reitan Solveig Rørkjær Olav Kigen Bjering Anna Synnøve Ødegård Røstad Thomas Brynjulfsen Trine Vibeke Salvesen Sindre Bunkholt Aslak Skjeldestad Asle Fredriksen Kjetil Skjeldestad Astrid Bjørnetun Haugen Elisabeth Slevolden Katja Ekroll Jahren Helga Wiig Stangeland Steinar Jørstad Hanne Kristine Sørgård Fenar Kamlow

29 Staff

Lone Sjursen Kleveland ADVISORY BOARD Amund Nordli Løvik Miriam Mekki Lars Arnberg Rune Nilsen Mari-Ann Einarsrud Urd Sæther Olden Merethe Falstad/Sigrid Lædre Malin Sletnes Trond Einar Hagen (Secretary) Jon Strand Odd Sture Hopperstad Tor Olav Løveng Sunde Fredrik Haakonsen/Lars Erik Owe Jørgen Svendby Ørjan Fossmark Lohne Marit Takla Brit Wenche Meland Paul Tandberg Kemal Nisancioglu Morten Tjelta Aud Nina Wærnes (chair) Vegard Øygarden SUBSTITUTES APPRENTICE Geir Martin Haarberg Jon Michael Love, from August, 2008 Leiv Kolbeinsen Ekrem Yerlikaya, to June, 2008 Kjell Wiik

DEPARTMENT MANAGEMENT

Merethe Falstad/Sigrid Lædre Trygve Foosnæs Tor Grande (head) Øystein Grong Trond Einar Hagen Fredrik Haakonsen Geir Martin Haarberg Eli Beate Jakobsen Leiv Kolbeinsen Ørjan Fossmark Lohne Knut Marthinsen (deputy head) Pål Ulseth

30 GRADUATE STUDIES

Dr.ing./PhD Degrees

During 2008, 72 Dr.ing./PhD students have worked at Department of Materials Science and Engineering. 10 students have been awarded the degree Dr.ing./PhD.

Per Anders Eidem: Electrical resistivity of coke beds. Doctoral thesis 2008:279, IMT-report 2008:104. October 2008. Major subject: Extractive metallurgy. Dr. lecture: The effects of zink and alkalies on the heat- and mass flow in the ferromanganese furnace. Thesis advisor: Professor, Dr.ing. Merete Tangstad. Co-supervisor: Senior Scientist Magne Runde, SINTEF Energy Research, Trondheim, Norway. Examination committee: Professor Paulo von Krüger, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto-MG, Brazil. Dr.ing. Jan Anders Sæter, RDM, Mo i Rana, Norway. Professor, Dr.ing. Øystein Grong (chair).

Lina M. Jonasson: Electrochemical formation of nanostructures in cryolitic melts. Doctoral thesis 2008:242, IMT-report 2008:102. August 2008. Major subject: Inorganic chemistry. Dr. lecture: Carbon nanocompounds - Fundamental properties and practical applications. Thesis advisor: Professor, Dr.ing. Trygve Foosnæs. Co-supervisor: Professor emeritus, Dr.techn. Harald A. Øye. Examination committee: Professor Rolf W. Berg, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark. Chief Engineer Halvor Kvande, Hydro Aluminium AS, Oslo, Norway. Professor, Dr.ing. Martin Ystenes (chair).

Rannveig Kvande: Incorporation of impurities during directional solidification of multicrystalline silicon for solar cells. Doctoral thesis 2008:71, IMT-report 2008:98. February 2008. Major subject: Physical metallurgy. Dr. lecture: Challenges in the production of carbothermically reduced silicon. Thesis advisor: Professor, PhD Lars Arnberg. Co-supervisor: Professor, Dr.philos. Otto Lohne. Examination committee: Professor, Dr. Hans Joachim Möller, Institute for Experimental Physics, TU Bergakademie, Freiberg, Germany. VP R&D, Dr.ing. Øyvind Nielsen, NorSun AS, Oslo, Norway. Professor, Dr.ing. Merete Tangstad (chair).

Viktor Myrvågnes: Incorporation of impurities during directional solidification of multicrystalline silicon for solar cells. Doctoral thesis 2008:71, IMT-report 2008:98. February 2008 Major subject: Physical metallurgy. Dr. lecture: Challenges in the production of carbothermically reduced silicon. Thesis advisor: Professor, PhD Lars Arnberg. Co-supervisor: Professor, Dr.philos. Otto Lohne. Examination committee: Professor, Dr. Hans Joachim Möller, Institute for Experimental Physics, TU Bergakademie, Freiberg, Germany. VP R&D, Dr.ing. Øyvind Nielsen, NorSun AS, Oslo, Norway. Professor, Dr.ing. Merete Tangstad (chair).

Birgit Ryningen: Formation and growth of crystal defects in directionally solidified multicrystalline silicon for solar cells. Doctoral thesis 2008:103. October 2008. Major subject: Physical metallurgy. Dr. lecture: Solar cell wafer cutting technologies. Thesis advisor: Professor, Dr.philos. Otto Lohne. Co-supervisor: Professor, PhD Lars Arnberg.

31 Graduate studies

Examination committee: Professor, Torbjörn Carlberg, Department of Natural Sciences, Engineering and Mathematics, Mid-Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden. Dr.ing. Katrin Nord-Varhaug, Technology Department, REC Scanwafer AS, Porsgrunn, Norway. Professor, Dr.philos. Jan Ketil Solberg (chair).

Per Martin Rørvik: Synthesis of ferroelectric nanostructures. Doctoral thesis 2008:321, IMT-report 2008:106. October 2008. Major subject: Inorganic chemistry. Dr. lecture: Nanostructured materials for high efficiency photovoltaics. Thesis advisor: Professor, Dr.ing. Mari-Ann Einarsrud. Co-supervisor: Professor Dr.ing. Tor Grande. Professor Thomas Tybell, Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, NTNU, Norway. Examination committee: Professor Nava Setter, Ceramics Laboratory of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, Switzerland. Associate professor, Dr.scient. Ola Nilsen, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. Associate Professor, Dr.ing. Jens-Petter Andreassen, Department of Chemical Engineering, NTNU (chair).

Espen Sandnes: The anode process on carbon in chloride-oxide melts. Doctoral thesis 2008:120. Major subject: Electrochemistry. Dr. lecture: Electrodeposition of metals from room temperature ionic liquids. Thesis advisor: Professor, Dr.ing. Geir Martin Haarberg. Co-supervisor: Professor emeritus Reidar Tunold. Professor Adolf Kisza, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland. Examination committee: Professor Pierre Taxil, Universitè Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France. Professor Masatsugu Morimitsu, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan. Professor, PhD Kemal Nisancioglu (chair).

Przemyslaw Szczygiel: Characterization of recycle-like Al-Si alloys processed by severe plastic deformation. Doctoral thesis 2008:277, IMT-report 2008:105. November 2008. Major subject: Physical metallurgy. Dr. lecture: Material flow paths in the metal recycling market with special emphasis on aluminium alloys - status and trends. Thesis advisor: Professor, Dr.techn. Hans Jørgen Roven. Examination committee: Professor, Dr. Marco J. Starink, Materials Research Group, School of Engineering Sciences, University of Southampton, United Kingdom. Professor, Dr. Maria Richert, Department of Structure & Mechanics of Solids, Faculty of Non- ferrous Metals, AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland. Senior Metallurgist, Dr.ing. Ola Jensrud, Raufoss Technology & Industrial Management, Raufoss, Norway. Professor, Dr.ing. Knut Marthinsen (chair).

Kristin Vasshaug: The influence of the formation and dissolution of aluminium carbide on the cathode wear in aluminium electrolysis cells. Doctoral thesis 2008:106, IMT-report 2008:99. March 2008. Major subject: Electrochemistry. Dr. lecture: Future challenges in the production of solar grade silicon: Comparision of electrochemical methods with current industrial practices. Thesis advisor: Professor, Dr.ing. Geir Martin Haarberg. Co-supervisor: Professor, Dr.ing. Trygve Foosnæs. Examination committee: Professor Donald R. Sadoway, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. Chief Engineer Halvor Kvande, Hydro Aluminium AS, Oslo, Norway. Adjunct Professor Knut Arne Paulsen (chair).

Torjus Åkre: Electrowinning of cobalt from chloride solutions: Anode deposition of cobalt oxide on DSA®. Doctoral thesis 2008:172, IMT-report 2008:101. April 2008. Major subject: Electrochemistry. Dr. lecture: Electrochemical methods for wastewater treatment.

32 Graduate studies

Thesis advisor: Professor, Dr.ing. Geir Martin Haarberg. Co-supervisor: Research Scientist Sarbjyot Haarberg, SINTEF Marintek, Trondheim, Norway. Examination committee: Professor Olof Forsen, Helsinki University of Technology, Espoo, Finland. Dr. Alberto Gonzalez, Applied Research and Technology Group, Teck Cominco Metals Ltd., Vancouver, Canada. Professor emeritus Reidar Tunold (chair).

Dr.ing./PhD projects in progress

Name and Title Thesis advisor

Madhubabu Abburi Electrochemical texturization of Si-wafers. Kemal Nisancioglu Shahid Akhtar Hydrogen porosity in aluminum castings. Lars Arnberg Anawati Effect of trace elements on the electrochemistry and corrosion of aluminium alloys. Kemal Nisancioglu Sarina Bao Purification of aluminum through filtration. Merete Tangstad Marte Bjørnsdotter Effect of surface conditions on hydrogen uptake during cathodic protection of steel in seawater. Kemal Nisancioglu Yacine Boulfrad Investigation of the edge zone of multichrystalline silicon ingots for solar cells. Eivind J. Øvrelid Stein Trygve Briskeby Electrocatalysts of noble metals supported on carbon nanofibres. Svein Sunde Arjan Ciftja Recycling to feedstock of photo voltaic silicon scrap by removal of inclusions; Merete Tangstad effect of refractory materials and wettabilities. Jirang Cui Recovery of metals from electronic wastes. Hans Jørgen Roven Per Kristian Dahlstrøm Electrooxidation of small organic molecules. Frode Seland Halvor Dalaker Thermodynamics of solar cell silicon in the high temperature area. Merete Tangstad Mahdi Darab Synthesis and durability enhancement of CNT based MEAs for PEMFC. Svein Sunde Pierre Delaleau Equiaxed dendrite growth in aluminium alloys. Lars Arnberg Ole-Kristian Eide IR and NMR spectroscopy of catalyst for olefin polymerization. Martin Ystenes Tomas Laugsand Erlien Cold bonding mechanisms in aluminium alloys. Øystein Grong Egil Fjeldberg Modelling and simulation of nano- and microstructure in Al-alloys. Knut Marthinsen Odd Einar Frosta Modeling of baked anodes. Trygve Foosnæs Jørgen Furu Remelting and recycling of aluminum scraps. Knut Marthinsen Nils Håvard Giskeødegård Adhesion of organic functional groups on aluminium. Kemal Nisancioglu Brit K. F. Graver Electrochemical activation of aluminium by surface segregation of trace elements indium, tin Kemal Nisancioglu and lead. Hasan Güleryüz Investigation of the mechanisms governing the deposition of sol particles on a substrate. Mari-Ann Einarsrud

33 Graduate studies

Harald Görner Lars Arnberg Development of an AlF3 active filter for Al. Sidsel Meli Hanetho Coating and surface modification of multiphase pipelines. Mari-Ann Einarsrud Raimo Helenius High pressure die casting of light metals. Otto Lohne Fredrik Haakonsen Optimizing of Strømhard austenitic manganese steel. Jan Ketil Solberg Liudmila Ilyukhina Rational design of mixed oxide catalysts for PEM water electrolysis. Svein Sunde Morten Sundheim Jensen

Chemical degradation, wetting and electrochemical properties of polycrystalline TiB2 inert cathodes. Tor Grande Mehdi Kadkhodabeigi Modeling of tap hole phenomenon in ferroalloys production furnaces. Halvard Tveit Morten Karlsen Thermo-mechanical in-situ investigations using the EBSD. Jarle Hjelen Kenji Kawaguchi

Electrocatalysis and novel functions of IrO2-based electrodes. Geir Martin Haarberg Ole Sigmund Kjos Electrochemical production of titanium from molten salts. Geir Martin Haarberg Michal Kolar Deformation and precipitation in Al-Mg-Si-(Cu) alloys. Knut Marthinsen Michal Ksiazek Thermal conductivity in ores. Merete Tangstad Köksal Kurt Effect of thermomechanical treatment on trace element segregation and electrochemical Kemal Nisancioglu activation of commercial and model aluminium alloys. Eirin Kvalheim Electrode kinetics of anode processes on candidate inert anode materials for oxygen evolution Geir Martin Haarberg during electrowinning in molten salts. Magnus Hurlen Larsen Effect of composition and thermomechanical processing on the intergranular corrosion of Kemal Nisancioglu AA6000 aluminium alloys. Sten Yngve Larsen Novel carbon materials in electrometallurgical applications. Trygve Foosnæs Ingrid Anne Lervik Electrocatalyst for PEM water electrolysis. Svein Sunde Anders Sunde Lilleby Mathematical modelling of material flow during extrusion and joining of aluminium based on the Øystein Grong HYMEN bonding method. Jan Lindgård Alkali Silica Reactions (ASR) - performance based testing concept. Harald Justnes Francesco Madaro Synthesis of textured piezo- and ferroelectric materials by chemical and ceramic techniques. Tor Grande Chiara Modanese Investigation of new Si solar cells feedstock. Lars Arnberg Peyman Mohseni Brittle and ductile fracture of arctic steels. Jan Ketil Solberg Erlend Fjøsne Nordstrand Effects of non-metallic inclusions on the transformation behaviour of steel. Øystein Grong Piotr Ochal Core-shell electrocatalysts for oxidation of small organic molecules. Svein Sunde Axel Baumann Ofstad Increasing the lifetime of PEM fuel cells - a fundamental study of degradation mechanisms. Svein Sunde

34 Graduate studies

Morten Andreas Onsrud Production and characterization of carbon cones. Trygve Foosnæs Lars-Erik Owe Oxide electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction during water electrolysis. Svein Sunde Ove Bjørn Paulsen Sealing of high temperature membrane reactors. Tor Grande Andrey Poletaev Nanostructured hydrides of aluminium and magnesium for hydrogen storage. Jan Ketil Solberg Silje Rodahl Chromate-free pre-treatment of aluminium for organic coating. Kemal Nisancioglu Magnus Rotan Phase composition, microstructure and resistance to attrition of alumina-based supports for Tor Grande Fischer-Tropsch catalysts. Espen Andre Rudberg Oxygen exchange on functional oxide membranes. Kemal Nisancioglu Stein Rørvik Migration effects in prebaked anodes. Trygve Foosnæs Stian Seim Slag properties and phase relations in the Ti-industry. Leiv Kolbeinsen Sverre Magnus Selbach Size and strain effects in ferroelectric and piezoelectric materials. Tor Grande Esma Senel Effect of trace elements on surface properties of aluminium alloys. Kemal Nisancioglu Dmitry Slizowskiy Use of waste materials for ferromanganese production. Merete Tangstad Karl Gunnar Solheim The effect of microstructure on the properties of 13%Cr flowlines in operation. Jan Ketil Solberg Isac Sorin Metal powder project - “metal printing process”. Lars Arnberg Maneesh C. Srivastava High pressure die casting of aluminium and magnesium alloys. Otto Lohne Guttorm Ernst Syvertsen Synthesis and characterisation of nanostructured fuel cells based on proton conductors. Tor Grande Juan Tan Effect of trace elements tin and indium on aluminium model alloy. Kemal Nisancioglu Kati Tschöpe FEM modelling of degradation of cathode lining in Hall-Heroult cells. Tor Grande Yufeng Wang Purification of aluminum through electromagnetic field. Merete Tangstad Zhaohui Wang Mathematical models for degradation of cathode lining in Hall-Heroult cells. Tor Grande Sophie Beatrice Weber Ceramic thermal barrier coatings. Mari-Ann Einarsrud Saijun Xiao Gas anode for metal electrowinning. Geir Martin Haarberg Dongju Zhao Processing, properties and performance in use of direct reduced iron pellets containing added Leiv Kolbeinsen material to control steel structure. Xiangjun Zuo Recycling of the electronic waste. Hans Jørgen Roven Cecilie Ødegård Conversion of silicon tetrachloride to trichlorosilane. Trygve Foosnæs Øyvind Østrem Cathode wear in industrial aluminium electrolysis cells. Christian Rosenkilde

35 Graduate studies

Dr.ing./PhD projects co-supervised in other departments

Name and Title Thesis advisor

Dag Herman Andersen Thermo-electrical-mechanical models for anode carbon cracking. Zhiliang Zhang (Department of Structural Engineering, NTNU) and Trygve Foosnæs Eleni Arvaniti Soil stabilization and waterproofing of concrete constructions. Alkiviades Payatakes (Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Patras, Greece) and Terje Østvold Jinbao Lin SPD by CEC of magnesium alloys. Qudong Wang (Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China) and Hans Jørgen Roven Efstathios Ntafalias Investigation on the possibility to control water permeability of concrete. Petros G. Koutsoukos (FORTH- ICEHT and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Patras, Greece) and Terje Østvold Maria Psarrou Protecting soil from water erosion through precipitation of calcium phosphate. Alkiviades Payatakes (Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Patras, Greece) and Terje Østvold Peter Schmidt Hollow castings produced by LPDC. Jürgen Bast (T. U. Bergakademie, Freiberg, Germany) and Lars Arnberg Ragnhild Kjæstad Sæterli Electronic structure of thermoelectric materials - TEM studies at the nanos- Randi Holmestad (Department of cale. Physics, NTNU) and Knut Marthinsen Zhipeng Zeng Study on the ECAP process for commercially pure titanium. Stefan Jonsson (Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KTH, Stockholm, Sweden) and Hans Jørgen Roven Ida Westermann Mechanical properties of 7xxx alloys - effect of precipitates and elements in Odd Sture Hopperstad (Department of solid solution, strain, strain path and strain rate. Structural Engineering, NTNU), Bjørn Holmedal and Knut Marthinsen

36 COURSE PROGRAM

Descriptions of the courses offered at the Department of Materials Science and Engineering are included in the University Course Catalogue that can be obtained from Student and Academic Section, NTNU. The present survey lists the courses given by our scientific staff.

Course no. Semester: Title Lectures and exercise coordinators Passed/ Spring=S Credits in parenthesis Started Autumn=A TMT4106 S General Chemistry (7.5) M. Ystenes 369/308 TMT4110 S General Chemistry (7.5) T. Grande 179/174 TMT4120 S General Chemistry 2 (7.5) T. Foosnæs 78/78 TMT4130 S Inorganic Chemistry (7.5) H. L. Lein, T. Grande 79/78 TMT4140 S Applied Thermodynamics (7.5) T. Østvold, T. Haug-Warberg 3/1 TMT4150 S Refractories (7.5) K. Wiik 13/11 TMT4165 S Materials- and Electro Chemistry, proj. (7.5) K. Wiik 21/21 TMT4175 S Materials Technology 2 (7.5) Ø. Grong, K. Marthinsen, O. Lohne 21/21 TMT4206 S Fluid and Heat Transfer, Intr. Course (7.5) M. Tangstad, R. Kristoffersen, 19/15 H. F. Svendsen TMT4210 S Material and Process Modelling (7.5) K. Marthinsen 38/38 TMT4215 S Casting (7.5) L. Arnberg 27/18 TMT4225 S Mechanical Properties of Eng. Mat. 2 (7.5) Ø. Grong, K. Marthinsen, H. J. Roven 3/3 TMT4230 S Metallurgical Engineering (7.5) J. A. Bakken 1/1 TMT4240 S Microstructure and properties of Metals (7.5) J. K. Solberg 21/18 TMT4245 S Functional Materials (7.5) H. L. Lein 16/12 TMT4250 S Electrochemistry, basic course (7.5) G. M. Haarberg 45/40 TMT4260 S Phase Transformations in Metals (7.5) K. Marthinsen, Ø. Grong 5/5 TMT4265 S MaterialsTechn.-Forming Light Metals (7.5) H. J. Roven, O. Jensrud, O. Reiso 5/5 TMT4275 S Thermodynamics and Phasediagrams (7.5) L. Kolbeinsen 16/16 TMT4285 S Hydrogen Techn., Fuel/Solar Cells (7.5) S. Sunde 53/47 TMT4310 S Electrocatalysis and Energy Techn. (7.5) F. Seland 12/8 TMT4315 S Electrochemical Engineering (7.5) K. Nisancioglu 5/5 TMT4500 S Materials Technology, special project (15.0) 4/4 TMT4851 S Experts in Team (7.5) T. Foosnæs 18/18 TMT4900 S Master thesis, Spec. in Materials Chemistry 17/17 and Energy Techn. (30.0) TMT4905 S Master thesis, Materials Techn. (30.0) 17/16 TMT5100 S Electrolysis of Light Metals 2 (7.5) K. A. Paulsen 7/7 TMT4100 A General Chemistry (7.5) M. Ystenes 315/256 TMT4115 A General Chemistry 1 (7.5) T. Foosnæs 86/86 TMT4145 A Ceramic Engineering (7.5) M-A. Einarsrud 27/27 TMT4155 A Heterogen Equilibria/Phase Diagrams (7.5) T. Grande 54/46 TMT4170 A Materials Technology 1 (7.5) H. J. Roven, M. Tangstad 28/26 TMT4185 A Materials Technology (7.5) J. Hjelen, L. Arnberg 77/72 TMT4190 A Applied Materials Technology (7.5) O. Lohne, K. H. Holthe 24/24 TMT4222 A Mechanical Properties of Metals 1 (7.5) B. Holmedal 24/21

37 Course Program

TMT4240 A Microstructure and Properties of Metals (7.5) J. K. Solberg 28/27 TMT4253 A Electrochemical Process- and Energy F. Seland 19/18 Technology (7.5) TMT4255 A Corrosion and Corrosion Protection (7.5) K. Nisancioglu, R. Johnsen 30/29 TMT4280 A Extractive Metallurgy (7.5) L. Kolbeinsen 3/3 TMT4292 A Materials- and Surface Chemistry (7.5) S. Sunde, K. Wiik 25/24 TMT4305 A Electrometallurgy (7.5) M. Tangstad, H. Tveit 7/7 TMT4320 A Nanomaterials (7.5) F. Vullum 49/44 TMT4325 A Refining and Recycling of Metals (7.5) E. Øvrelid 10/10 TMT4500 A Materials Technology, special project (15.0) K.Wiik, T. Foosnæs, H.J. Roven, S. 32/32 Sunde, R. Johnsen TMT4505 A Materials Technology, special course (7.5) Several teachers at the department 37/37 TMT5500 A Process Metallurgy and Electrolysis, special T. Østvold, T. Foosnæs 6/5 project (15.0) TMT5505 A Process Metallurgy and Electrolysis, special Several teachers at the department 6/6 course (7.5) MT8100 S Transport Phenomena (7.5) K. Nisancioglu 6/6 MT8102 S Corrosion and Surface Technology (7.5) K. Nisancioglu 1/1 MT8103 S Semiconductor Electrochemistry (7.5) S. Sunde 7/7 MT8104 S Electrolysis of Light Metals 1 (7.5) K. A. Paulsen, G. M. Haarberg 4/4 MT8105 S Electrochemical Energy Technology (7.5) F. Seland 1/1 MT8201 S Advanced Electrometallurgy (7.5) M. Tangstad, H. Tveit 4/4 MT8205 S Metallurgical Modelling of Welding Ø. Grong 2/2 MT8206 S Iron and Steel Metallurgy (7.5) Ø. Grong 1/1 MT8207 S Electron Microscopy (7.5) J. K. Solberg 14/12 MT8209 S Failure Analysis of Metals (7.5) J. K. Solberg 1/1 MT8300 S Electrolysis of Light Metals 2 (7.5) K. A. Paulsen 2/2 MT8301 S Carbon Materials Technology (7.5) M. Sørlie 6/6 MT8305 S Cement Semestry (7.5) H. Justnes 1/1 MT8306 S Advanced Ceramics Processing (7.5) M.-A. Einarsrud 8/7 MT8308 S Advanced Solid State Chemistry (7.5) T. Grande 5/5 MT8205 A Metallurgical Modelling of Welding (7.5) Ø. Grong 1/1 MT8210 A Advanced Solidification Metallurgy (7.5) L. Arnberg 6/6 MT8213 A Modelling and Simulation of Microstructure K. Marthinsen 1/1 and Properties (7.5) MT8215 A Dislocation Theory Applied to Thermo- B. Holmedal 3/3 Mechanical Treatments (7.5) MT8217 A Kinetics of Metallurgical Reactions (7.5) L. Kolbeinsen 3/3 MT8300 A Electrolysis of Light Metals 2 (7.5) K. A. Paulsen 2/2 MT8307 A Thermodynamics of Metals (7.5) T. Grande 5/5

38 M.Sc. STUDENTS

Master of Science in Materials 5th year Master of Science in Technology (5 years) Patrick Alknes Chemistry and Biotechnology, Autumn semester Elena Bai (student from Italy) Specialization in Materials 3rd year Ingvild Brynjulfsen Chemistry and Eirik Belland Andreas Egholm Energy Technology Tor Arne Buberg Terje Hals Autumn semester Jens Erik Davidsen Morten Ro Helsem 3rd year Sofie Drågen Katja Ekroll Jahren Inga Askestad Solveig Egtvedt Fenar Kamlow Inger Marie Bjørnevik Jan Gaute Frydendahl Kristoffer Kløgetvedt Marthe Emilie Melandsø Buan Preben Kjos Gabrielsen Ørjan Fossmark Lohne Kai Erik Ekstrøm Aleksander Rise Gallala Christoffer Vikne Moen Jarl Erik Morsund Flatøy Anne-Jorunn Hausken Rune Nilsen Ragnhild Helene Gulbrandsen Ruth Oftedal Herikstad Trygve Ottemo Nordby Håkon A Holm Gundersen Håkon Trygve Strøm Jørgensen Thomas Odd Lise Jemblie Steinar Jørstad Richard Hagvåg Ringstad Sigrid Lædre Bjarte Åstveit Nygård Boots Christoffer Demez Rosario Håvard Mølnås Petter Ottesen Yngve Rønning Anita Reksten Jonas Hovde Pedersen Erling Gjestvang Schrøder Kristian Grøtta Skorpen Mads Reiten Vaseeharan Sivaneesan Halfdan Kristoffer Småbråten Trine Viveke Salvesen Knut Erik Snilsberg Camilla Sommerseth Marte Aadland Sørensen Øyvind Sunde Sortland 4th year Mari Lovise Torp Vegard Andersen Graduated Master of Magnus Weberg Svein Prestrud Astad Technology students Espen Tjønneland Wefring Olav Kigen Bjering Spring semester Ole Jørgen Østensen Lars-Petter Bjørkeng Elin Christine Andersen Åsne Århus Tor Henning Bjørnå Kristoffer Brinchmann Kristian Karlsen Brende Thien Thanh Nguyen Cao 4th year Thomas Brynjulfsen Torbjørn Engebretsen Henrik Klitgaard Bostad Sindre Bunkholt Hans Ove Tinnan Hagen Tone Beate Heiaas Bukholm Kristian Nyborg Dahl Tore Helland Torbjørn Cederløv Ørjan Aronsen Ellingsen Tor Johansen Ingelin Clausen Endsjø Ann Leni Haugstad Elise Tverberg Nordnes Helle Ervik Fossheim Steinar Lauvdal Dag Rønningen Mette Grorud Amund Nordli Løvik Elisabeth Slevolden Øystein Grøtting Ingeborg Johannesen Odland Helga Wiig Stangeland Victoria Leivestad Eirik Andersen Rotevatn Stian Strømstad Knut Åge Meland Magnus Skjellerudsveen Guttorm Ernst Syvertsen Urd Sæther Olden Gunstein Skomedal Mario Kokolakis Søfferud Solveig Rørkjær Hans Magne Torseth Håvard Vingsand Marianne Charlotte Simonsen Phung Hieu Dinh Tran Ragne Marie Skarra Knut Omdal Tveito Ingrid Stamnes Jørgen Svendby Henrik Åsheim

39 M.Sc. Students

5th year 2nd year Foreign guest students at Hanne Flåten Andersen Aws Yonis Faisal Department Astrid Bakken Anita Hansen of Material Science and Marianne Elisabeth Berg Per Fredrik Rosenqvist Engineering Kristin Bergum Spring and autumn semester Torunn Kringlen Ervik Graduated Master of Oliver Baptiste Gabriel Astruz Carl Eik Lie Foss Technology students (France) Silje Aamot Haga Spring semester Ayke Augustin (Germany) Astri Bjørnetun Haugen Torje Mathisen Elena Bai (Italy) Caroline Ramstad Thiemo Brüggemann (Germany) Malin Sletnes Wu Chen (China) Tor Olav Løveng Sunde Master of Science Program in Mehdi Patrice Djame Cherfaoui Paul Bragelien Tandberg Light Metals Production (France) Morten Tjelta Autumn semester Hèlène Clogenson (France) Mari Voldsund 1st year Jaroslava Davidova (Czech Republic) Vegar Øygarden Andrews Adjei (Ghana) Franziska Dietel (Germany) Joseph Prince Armoo (Ghana) Amèlie Dieudionne (France) Graduated Master of Thomas Hartmut Ludwig (Germany) Christian Fink Elkjær (Denmark) Technology students Petit Florent (France) Spring semester 2nd year Mohammad Haj Mohammadian Maren Bjørnstad Mohsen Dehghan-Niri (Iran) Baghban (Iran) Aleksander R. M. Brandtzæg Yohannes Addis Desta (Ethiopia) Thomas Huger (France) Per Kristian Dahlstrøm Tone Eilertsen (Norway) Christian Junglewitz (Germany) Tine Eikevik Finnur Flosason (Iceland) Dong-Ho Kim (South Korea) Merethe Falstad Alex Luyima (Uganda) Moojun Kim (South Korea) Asle Fredriksen Emmanuel Nyankson (Ghana) Simon Klein (Germany) Magnus Torleif Rune P. Halvorsen Carina Kreutner (Germany) Caroline Holme Graduated Master of Joon Kwon (South Korea) Kristine Uberg Nærland Technology students Apolline Leclerc (France) Morten Andreas Onsrud Spring semester Guillaume Majeau-Bettez (Canada) Øystein Edland Pedersen Benjamin Agyei-Tuffour (Ghana) Bastien Mercenier (Belgium) Ingunn Ramdal Wondowsen Abebe Aregawi (Ethiopia) Bjørn Duus Mikkelsen (Denmark) Aslak Skjeldestad Jens Fladerer (Germany) Amaury Laine (France) Ida Svanberg Samuel Senanu (Ghana) Yun Joo Nam (Republic of Corea) Camilla Skotnes Wollan Chunming Tan (China) Martin Repka (Czech Republic) Michelle Cecilia Ystad Eric Barimah Twum (Ghana) Hari Kishor Sah (Nepal) Heidi Therese Østby Michael Yanney (Ghana) Sebastino Scacchetti (Italy) Veronica Schiavon (Italy) Marco Tommaselli (Italy) Master of Technology in Master of Science Program Adeline Vincent (France) Materials Technology in Silicon and Ferroalloy Seongjin Yu (South Korea) (2 years) Production Tina Zscherpe (Germany) (Master Programme in Materials Autumn semester Haitao Zhou (China) Technology for Engineers) 1st year Stephen Caesar Lobo (Canada) Autumn semester 1st year Anders Welde Gjennes (part time) Line Sunde Lilleby Svein Arne Pedersen (part time) Zeinab Sharifi

40 GRADUATED M.Sc. STUDENTS WITH TITLES OF THEIR DIPLOMA WORKS

ELECTROCHEMISTRY Name and title Supervisor and examiner Per Kristian Dahlstrøm Verification of a new conseptfor electrochemical hydrogen Supervisor: Associate Professor Frode Seland. compression. Examiner: Dr.ing. Magnus Thomassen, SINTEF, Trondheim. Torbjørn Engebretsen Supply of dissolved oxygen by water electrolysis in Lake Biwa. Supervisor: Professor Geir Martin Haarberg. Examiner: Professor emertitus Reidar Tunold. Merethe Falstad Corrosion inhibiting coating on steel – Longterm characteristic Supervisor: Professor Kemal Nisancioglu. on zinc-rich coating on steel with varying surface finish. Examiner: Associate Professor Håvard Karoliussen, Sør- Trøndelag University College. Ingunn Ramdal Sea water battery with long lifetime. Supervisor: Professor Kemal Nisancioglu. Examiner: Associate Professor Håvard Karoliussen, Sør- Trøndelag University College. Camilla Skotnes Wollan Study of anodic chlorine evolution on titanium- and titanium Supervisor: Associate professor Frode Seland. based anodes. Examiner: Dr.ing. Magnus Thomassen, SINTEF, Trondheim. Michelle Cecilia Ystad Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy on organic coatings. Supervisor: Professor Svein Sunde. Examiner: Dr.ing. Astrid Bjørgum, SINTEF, Trondheim.

EXTRACTIVE METALLRUGY Name and title Supervisor and examiner Hans Ove Tinnan Hagen Boron removal form molten sililscon by slag refining. Supervisor: Professor Merete Tangstad. Examiner: Dr.ing. Gabriella Tranell, SINTEF, Trondheim.

INORGANIC CHEMISTRY Name and title Supervisor and examiner Aleksander Richard Merkesvik Brandtzæg Anodes made from coke calcined under anode baking furnace Supervisor: Professor Trygve Foosnæs. conditions, a quality and economical evaluation. Examiner: Dr.ing. Arne Petter Ratvik, SINTEF, Trondheim. Morten Andreas Onsrud Production and characterization of carbon nanocones. Supervisor: Professor Trygve Foosnæs. Examiner: Dr.ing. Arne Petter Ratvik, SINTEF, Trondheim. Aslak Skjeldestad Production, characterization and application of conical carbon Supervisor: Professor Trygve Foosnæs. nanostructuresin carbon anodes. Examiner: Dr.ing. Arne Petter Ratvik, SINTEF, Trondheim. Guttorm Ernst Syvertsen Development and testing of anode- and cathode materials Supervisor: Professor Kjell Wiik. intended for SOFCs based on proton conducting electrolytes. Examiner: Professor Truls Nordby, University of Oslo, Oslo.

PHYSICAL METALLURGY Name and title Supervisor and examiner Antonio Alvaro Structure development in a martensitic stainless steel and its Supervisor: Professor Jan Ketil Solberg. effects on toughness. Examined at theUniverità Politecnica delle Marche, Italy. Ayke Augustin Plastic deformation in ultrafine grained aluminium alloys Supervisor: Professor Hans Jørgen Roven. processed by ECAP-I. Examined at the TU-Freiberg, Germany.

41 GRADUATED M.Sc. STUDENTS WITH TITLES OF THEIR DIPLOMA WORKS

Mads Aursand Characterization and performance assessment of refurbished Supervisor: Professor Jan Ketil Solberg. Renè 80 gas turbine blades. Examined at the Department of Engineering Design and Materials. Maren Bjørnstad Investigation of the detrimental effect of nickel on the sulfide Supervisor: Professor Jan Ketil Solberg. stress cracking resistance of low alloy steels. Examiner: Siv.ing. Bjørn Borchgrevink, Oslo. Kristoffer Brinchmann Joint for high modulus composite rods. Supervisor: Professor Andreas Echtermeyer, Department of Engineering Design and Materials. Examined at the Department of Engineering Design and Materials. Thanh Thien Nguyen Cao Biofilm formation on stainless steel. Supervisor: Professor Kemal Nisancioglu. Examiner: Associate Professor Håvard Karoliussen, Sør- Trøndelag University College. Tine Christin Eikevik Removal of silicon carbid in liquid silicon for solarcell purpose. Supervisor: Professor Øystein Grong. Examiner: Associate Professor Hallstein Hemmer, Sør- Trøndelag University College. Tore Helland Experimenantal and numeral study on the nano-mechanical Supervisor: Professor Zhilang Zhang, Department of properties of polymer particles. Structural Engineering. Examined at the Department of Structural Engineering. Tor Johansen Properties of coatings and pulseplasma nitrided surfaces ex- Supervisor: Professor Roy Johnsen, Department of Engi- posed to corrosion and wear. neering Design and Materials. Examined at the Department of Engineering Design and Materials. Torje Mathisen Physical-metallurgical investigation of steel for arctic contruc- Supervisor: Professor Hans Jørgen Roven. tion purpose. Examiner: Dr.ing. Marianne Videm, Force Technology, Trondheim. Elise Tverberg Nordnes Metal-composite interface for offshore-oil and gas risers. Supervisor: Associate Professor Nils Petter Vedvik, De- partment of Engineering Design and Materials. Examined at the Department of Engineering Design and Materials. Kristine Uberg Nærland Investigation of the causes for red zone in multicrystallization Supervisor: Professor Lars Arnberg. silicon. Examiner: Dr.ing. Ragnar Fagerberg, SINTEF, Trondheim. Øystein Edland Pedersen How to minimalize the use of solvent based adhesives for cor- Supervisor: Professor Jan Ketil Solberg. rosion protection with rubber polymers in order to reduce the Examiner: Dr.ing. Ragnar Gjengedal, Corus Packaging, strain on health and environment. Bergen. Dag Rønningen Failure analysis of cold deformed super duplex stainless steel. Supervisor: Professor Christian Thaulow, Department of Engineering Design and Materials. Examined at the Department of Engineering Design and Materials. Elisabeth Slevolden Characterization of phases and corrosion products in nickel Supervisor: Professor Øystein Grong. based alloys exposed to high temperature corrosion. Examiner: Associate Professor Hallstein Hemmer, Sør- Trøndelag University College. Helga Wiig Stangeland Cathodic protection in cold climate –current density require- Supervisor: Professor Roy Johnsen, Department of Engi- ments of calcareous deposits. neering Design and Materials. Examined at the Department of Engineering Design and Materials. Stian Strømstad Brittle fracture in arctic steels. Supervisor: Professor Christian Thaulow, Department of Engineering Design and Materials. Examined at the Department of Engineering Design and Materials.

42 GRADUATED M.Sc. STUDENTS WITH TITLES OF THEIR DIPLOMA WORKS

Ida Svanberg Translation elements and swiv subsea use. Supervisor: Professor Roy Johnsen, Department of Engi- neering Design and Materials. Examined at the Department of Engineering Design and Materials. Mario Kokolakis Søfferud High-speed EBSD and characterization of supermartensitic Supervisor: Professor Jarle Hjelen. stainless steel deformed in-situ in the SEM. Examiner: Dr.ing Gustav Heiberg, DnV, Høvik. Håvard Vingsand Corrosion properties of nickel alloys in chlorinated seawater. Supervisor: Professor Roy Johnsen, Department of Engi- neering Design and Materials. Examined at the Department of Engineering Design and Materials.

MASTER OF SCIENCE PROGRAMME IN LIGHT METALS PRODUCTION Name and title Supervisor and examiner Benjamin Agyei Tuffour Refining of solar grade silicon by directional solidification using Supervisor: Professor Trygve Foosnæs. the accelerated crucible rotation technique (ACRT). Examiner: Dr.ing. Arne Petter Ratvik, SINTEF, Trondheim. Wondowsen Abebe Aregawi The production of titanium-nickel alloys by electrodeoxidation Supervisor: Professor Geir Martin Haarberg. of mixed oxides. Examiner: Professor emeritus Jomar Thonstad. Jens Fladerer Electrodeoxidation of mixed oxides in molten salts to produce Supervisor: Professor Geir Martin Haarberg. aluminium alloys. Examiner: Professor Douglas Inman, Imperial College London, United Kingdom. Samuel Senanu Optimizing the back side contact material of silicon solar cells. Supervisor: Professor Otto Lohne. Examiner: Professor emeritus Nils Ryum. Chungmin Tan Models for degradation of refractory lining in aluminium Supervisor: Professor Tor Grande. electrolysis cells. Examiner: Dr.ing. Eirik Hagen, Hydro Aluminium, Porsgrunn. Eric Barimah Twum

Electrodeoxidation of metals of titanium and nickel in CaCl2 Supervisor: Professor Geir Martin Haarberg. melts for the production of titanium metal and titanium-nickel Examiner: Dr.ing. Arne Petter Ratvik, SINTEF, Trondheim. alloys. Michael Yanney Electrical resistivity of prebaked anodes as function of Supervisor: Professor Trygve Foosnæs. temperature. Examiner: Dr.ing. Arne Petter Ratvik, SINTEF, Trondheim.

43 EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES,

Honours, Participation in Courses, Conferences, Lectures and Study Visits

Shahid Akhtar High Tech Die Casting International Conference, Brescia, MaGma, SINTEF, Oslo, Norway, February 29, 2008. Italy, April 9-10, 2008. Meeting. 14th International Conference on Crystal Growth and Casting Solidification group, NTNU seminar, Edsåsdalen, Crystal Technology, Sendai, Japan, May 21-24, 2008. Sweden, April 3-4, 2008. General Assembly Meeting, EU project NADIA, Helsinki, 4th International Conference on High Tech Die Casting, Finland, June 11-13, 2008. Brescia, Italy, April 9-10, 2008. International Conference on Advanced Solidification Nadia Project General Assembly Meeting, Helsinki, Processes, Graaz, Austria, June 17-20, 2008. Finland, June 11, 2008. International Summer School on High-Intergrity Die 2nd International Conference on Advanced Solidification Castings: Processing Fundamentals, Worcester, United Processes, Graz, Austria, June 17-20, 2008. Kingdom, July 28 - August 1, 2008.

International Summer School on High Integrity Casting, Work package meeting EU-project NADIA, Aachen, Processing Fundamentals, Worcester Polytechnic Germany, August 27, 2008. Institute, Worcester, USA, July 28 - August 1, 2008. International Summer School on Process Modelling, Meeting with MaGma, SINTEF, Aachen, Germany, August Freiberg, Germany, August 28-29, 2008. 27, 2008. 14th International Metallurgy and Materials Congress, Teksid Aluminium, Torino, Italy, September 12 - December Istanbul, Turkey, October 16-18, 2008. 14, 2008. Experimental activities. TEKSID, Carmagnola, Italy, November 26, 2008. Study University of Padova, Vicenza, Italy, November 22, 2008. visit. Project presentation. Management Scientific Committee, EU-project NADIA, Elin Harboe Albertsen Padova, Italy, November 27, 2008. Course in “Helse-, miljø- og sikkerhetsarbeid”, Trondheim, Norway, April 7, 8, 9 and 25, 2008. University of Padova, Vicenza, Italy, November 28, 2008. Visit. Arbeidsmiljøkongressen, Bergen, Norway, October 15-17, 2008. Martin Bellmann Scientific group seminar, Edsåsdalen, Sweden, April Lars Arnberg 3-4, 2008. Presentation on: “How to inhibit dislocation Lars Arnberg is an Affiliate Professor at the Department multiplication in multi-crystalline Si?”. of Mechanical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, USA. He is the leader of the Strategic University User group meeting, Fraunhofer Institut fuer Integrierte program Light Metals Technology. Systeme und Bauelementetechnologie, Erlangen, Germany, April 14-18, 2008. Course in: “CrysVun++ for Project meeting FONDAL, Paris, France, February 25-26, modelling in crystal growth”. 2008. NTNU, Trondheim, Norway, May 26, 2008. Presentation on: Research Group Seminar, Edsåsdalen, Sweden, April 3-4, “Impurity segregation in mc-silicon - Numerical study”. 2008.

44 Extracurricular Activities

Multiphase Flow Workshop, Dresden, Germany, June 24- Presentation on: “Nanostructured commercial pure Ti 26, 2008. fabricated by severe plastic deformation”.

Solar World Innovations, Freiberg, Germany, June 27, The 4th International Conference on Nanomaterials 2008. Presentation on: “The PV-Solar Cell Materials by SPD (nanoSPD4), Goslar, Germany, August 18-22, Gemini Centre - The unifying organisational structure 2008. Presentation on: “Effect of the second phase on for PV materials Research and Education at SINTEF and the microstructure of magnesium alloys during cyclic NTNU”. extrusion compression”.

23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, School of Engineering Sciences, University of Valencia, Spain, September 1-5, 2008. Southampton, United Kingdom, October 15 - November 16, 2008. Research visit, Financed by MOBILITY FELLOWSHIP Norwegian - German Group Seminar on Solar Cell 2008 at NTNU. Materials, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway, September 15-17, 2008. Presentation on: “Modelling of solidification in a Mari-Ann Einarsrud Bridgman laboratory furnace and related applications”. Thin film seminar, SINTEF Materials and Chemistry, Trondheim, Norway, January 16, 2008. Presentation on: Marte Bjørnsdotter “Thin film activities at Department of Materials Science EUROCORR 2008, Edinburgh, Scotland, September 7-11, and engineering, NTNU”. 2008. 3rd NTNU NanoLab user meeting, Trondheim, Norway, Dmitry Bokach March 6, 2008. COST Action 543: Course on Sustainable Production and Energy: Catalysis by Nanomaterials, Catalytic FUNMAT meeting, Oslo, Norway, June 3-4, 2008. Microreactors, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, June 2-6, 2008. 1st Nanotechnology@NTNU, Trondheim, Norway, September 11-12, 2008. Norwegian Hydrogen Seminar 2008, Bergen, Norway, September 25-26, 2008. Poster on: “High-temperature Washington Mills, Orkanger, Norway, November 7, 2008. fuel cells operating with organic fuels”. Study visit.

Stein Trygve Briskeby Arne Espelund 5th Funmat meeting, Oslo, Norway, June 5, 2008. Kulturhistorisk Museum (KHM), Oslo, Norway, May 14, 2008. Introductory lecture at meeting on the provenance 59th Annual Meeting of the International Society of of iron. Electrochemistry, Seville, Spain, September 7-12, 2008. Poster on: “Particle size effects on electrochemically Buskerud and Nord-Østerdalen in Hedmark, Norway, 4 degraded electrocatalysts.” days in August and two days in September, 2008. Field trip with the responsible archaeologists and representatives Norwegian Hydrogen Seminar 2008, Bergen, Norway, from Kulturhistorisk Museum (KHM). September 25-26, 2008. Poster on: “Effect of chloride on the stability of electrocatalysts for fuel cells”. Àgordo, Italy, September 12-16, 2008. Guided a delegation from the city Røros, including representatives from the Yongjun Chen State Antiquarian and Røros secondary school. Completed a special study financed by the TSA – Materials entitled: Investigate influence of ECAP on precipitation Conference on Early Iron in Europe - Prehistoric, Roman behaviour of dispersoids in aluminium alloy AA3003. Very and Medieval Iron Production, Hüttenberg, Kärnten, promising new results obtained. Austria, September 8-12, 2008. Presentation on: “Roman age iron blooms in Norway and their origin”. Poster on: The NMS (Norwegian Metallurgical Society) Summer “Ironmaking by Norsemen in Canada around year 1000?”. Meeting, Trondheim, Norway, May 21-22, 2008.

45 Extracurricular Activities

10th Conference on Social and Community Psychology, Hydro Network, Banska Stiavnica, Slovak Republic, Department of Psychology, Dragvoll, NTNU, Trondheim, September 30 - October 2, 2008. Norway, November 6-7, 2008. Special invited speaker. Lecture on: ”Science before science”. Lectures during high school visits in Norway: • Selbu, February 8, 2008. Demonstration lecture. Trygve Foosnæs • Byåsen, February 12, 2008. “What is science and why Hydro Aluminium AS, Sunndalsøra, Norway, February is it important?” 14, 2008. Excursion with 4th year students in “Experts in • Markaplassen ungdomsskole, March 27, 2008. Team”. Demonstration lecture. • Steinkjer, April 1, 2008. “Studies at NT and DMSC”. FESIL Holla Metall, Kyrksæterøra, Norway, March 5, 2008. • Ørland ungdomsskole, April 21, 2008. Demonstration Excursion with 4th year students in “Experts in Team”. lecture. • Utleira ungdomsskole, June 12, 2008. Demonstration The 137th TMS Annual Meeting, New Orleans, LA, USA, lecture. March 9-13, 2008. • Årdal, September 26, 2008. “Studies at NT and DMSC”. Hydro Aluminium AS, Sunndalsøra, Norway, April 24, • Fredrikstad, October 15, 2008. “Studies at NT and 2008. Excursion with 1st year chemistry students. DMSC”. • Ole Vig, December 2, 2008. “Studies at NT and DMSC”. Hydro Aluminium AS, Sunndalsøra, Norway, May 9, 2008. Presentation of: “Experts in Team” student project on Edita Garskaite cathode production. MRS 2008 Fall Meeting, Boston, USA, December 1-5, 2008. Poster on: “Optically active thin films deposition by sol-gel Fundamentals of Aluminium Production, Trondheim, dip-coating on Si substrates”. Norway, May 13-23, 2008. Presentation on: “Fundamentals of carbon”, “Raw materials”, “Carbon process”, “Anode Rajiv Giri quality characteristics” and “Anode performance in PETROMAKS Seminar, April 24- 25, 2008, Oslo, Norway. reduction cells”. Presentation on: “Investigations on microstructural and mechanical properties of pulse plasma treated metal Hydro Aluminium AS, Sunndalsøra, Norway, May 21, 2008. surfaces”. Excursion with course participants in “Fundamentals and their application in aluminium production”. Metallurgisk sommermøte 2008, Trondheim, Norway, May 21-22, 2008. Presentation on: “Pulsed plasma treatment 27th International Course on Process Metallurgy of of stainless steel”. Aluminium, Trondheim, Norway, May 26-30, 2008. Presentation on: “Improvement of the potroom work Materials Science & Technology Conference & Exhibition, environment”. David L. Lawrence Convention Center Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA, October 5-9, 2008. Presentation on: Silicon for the Chemical and Solar Industries, Holmen “Microstructure and mechanical properties of pulsed Fjordhotell, Asker, Norway, June 23-26, 2008. plasma nitrided duplex stainless steel”.

ROMA Junior Program Seminar, Sunndalsøra, Norway, Tor Grande June 30 - July 1, 2008. Tor Grande is the head of the department and he is a board member of NTNU Nanolab. He is currently NTNUs Hydro Aluminium AS, Oslo, Norway, August 14, 2008. representative in the steering committee in the research Research discussions. consortium FUNMAT between NTNU, UiO, SINTEF and IFE. Researchers’ Night, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway, September 28, 2008. Co-organizer and two demonstration University of Oslo, Chemistry department, External lectures. examiner PhD defense Marius Widerøe, January 11, 2008.

46 Extracurricular Activities

Zing Solid State Chemistry conference 2008, Cancun, Geir Martin Haarberg Mexico, March 10-14, 2008. Lecture on: “Ferroelasticity of ULCOS project meeting, Aveiro, Portugal, January 17-18,

Sr and Ca substituted LaCoO3-based perovskites”. 2008.

Strategy seminar, Faculty of Natural Science and Bo Håkansson Seminar; KTH, Stockholm, Sweden, Technology, NTNU, Hell, Norway, April 24-25, 2008. January 30, 2008.

Meeting FUNMAT steering committee, Trondheim, 1st Round Table on Titanium Production by Electrolysis, Norway, May 8, 2008. Cologne, Germany, March 2-4, 2008.

Department seminar, Stiklestad, Norway, May 15-16, 2008. 1st International Round Table on Titanium Production Lecture on: “Velkommen og presentasjon av formålet med in Molten Salts, Cologne, Germany, March 2-4, 2008. seminaret”. Presentation on: “Electrochemical behaviour of dissolved titanium species in molten salts”. FUMAT meeting, June 4-5, 2008. ISE Spring Meeting, Foz do Iguaco, Brazil, March 16-20, Project meeting, Effpower AB, Gothenburg, Sweden, 2008. Presentation on: “The supply of dissolved oxygen by August 29, 2008. electrolysis in Lake Biwa”.

Electroceramics XI, Manchester, England, September, ULCOS project meeting, Paris, France, April 10-11, 2008. 1-3, 2008. Lecture on: “The ferroic phase transitions of

BiFeO3 and finite size effects of nano-crystalline BiFeO3”. KTH, Stockholm, Sweden, April 18, 2008. PhD defence, Advisory Board meeting: “Presentation of Electroceramic opponent. XII in Trondheim, June 13-17, 2010”. 4th Asian Conference of Crystal Growth and Crystal NFR Evaluation, Trondheim, Norway, September 4, 2008. Technology (CGCT-4), Sendai, Japan, May 19-24, 2008. Lecture on: “Presentation of the Department of Materials Presentation on: “Electrochemical refining of silicon in Science and Engineering, NTNU”. molten salts”.

NTNU Nanolab seminar, Trondheim, Norway, September Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan, May 26-28, 2008. 11-12, 2008. Study visit and presentation.

Thermotech seminar, Trondheim, Norway, November 12- Foxy project meeting, Kiev, Ukraine, June 16-17, 2008. 13, 2008. Lecture on: “Stability of materials, macroscopic Presentation. and microscopic aspects”. ULCOS project meeting, Metz, France, July 10-11, 2008. Materials Science and Technology 2008 (MT&S08), Pittsburgh, USA, October 6-9, 2008. Invited lecture on: Molten Salts Discussion Group, Nottingham, United “Cation diffusion in perovskites”. Lecture on: “The ferroic Kingdom, July 15, 2008. Presentation on: “Electrochemical phase transitions of BiFeO3 and finite size effects of nano- behaviour of Fe (III) in molten NaCl-FeCl3”. crystalline BiFeO3”. University of Cambridge, London, United Kingdom, July Seminar - Nyskaping og utvikling av Midt-Norge, 22, 2008. PhD defence, opponent. Trondheim, Norway, November 4, 2008. Doshisha University, Japan, August - December, 2008. Board meeting NTNU Nanolab, Trondheim, Norway, Visiting professor. December 2, 2008. 214th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society, Fall Meeting, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom, December 10, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA, October 12-17, 2008. Presentation 2008. External examiner PhD defense Robert Packer. on: “Diffusion kinetics for the electrochemical reduction of

47 Extracurricular Activities

Fe (III) species in molten NaCl-FeCl3”. Session chairman. Institut de Chimie et Materiaux Paris-Est (ICMPE), CNRS, Paris, France, October 5 - November 31, 2008. Visit. MS8, Kobe, Japan, October 19-23, 2008. Presentation on: “Electrochemical deoxidation of mixed metal oxides in Hilde Lea Lein molten calcium chloride to produce aluminium-scandium 3rd NanoLab User Meeting. Royal Garden, Trondheim, alloys” and “Estimation of current efficiency and energy Norway, March 6, 2008. consumption in Hall-Heroult cell based on the electronic conduction in cryolite alumina melts”. Session chairman. Sono-Tek Corporation, Milton, New York, USA, May 8, 2008. Visit. The IUMRS International Conference in Asia 2008, Nagoya, Japan, December 9-13, 2008. Presentation on: Materials Science & Technology 2008 Conference & “Electrorefining of silicon in molten chlorides”. Exhibition, Pittsburg, USA, October 5-10, 2008. Lecture on: “Proton conducting solid oxide fuel cells with the novel

Liudmila Ilyukhina LaNbO4 electrolyte”. European Forum on Electrochemical Promotion of Catalysis (Efepoc), Ciudad Real, Spain, May 26-30, 2008. Manping Liu The Second Training Course on Basics and Applications of Co-Mentor of a PhD student (Jinbao Lin) from SJTU on Catalysis (Heterogeneous and Homogeneous). Mechanical behavior and strengthening mechanism of ultrafine grained Mg alloys fabricated by severe plastic XII International Scientific Conference “High-Tech deformation (SPD). in Chemical Engineering 2008”, Volgograd, Russia, September 9-11, 2008. Presentation on: “Rational design of The NMS (Norwegian Metallurgical Society) Summer mixed oxide catalysts for polymer electrolyte membrane Meeting, Trondheim, Norway, May 21-22, 2008. (PEM) water electrolysis”. Presentation on: “Characterization of nanostructured Al- Mg alloys using high-resolution electron microscopy”. Norwegian Hydrogen Seminar 2008, Bergen, Norway, September 25-26, 2008. Poster on: “Photoelectrochemical Recent developments in the processing and applications characterisation of oxide electrocatalysts”. of structural metals and alloys, Como Lake, Italy, June 22-25, 2008. Presentation on: “Nanostructures and Zhihong Jia microhardness in Al and Al-Mg alloys subjected to severe FONDAL project meeting, Trondheim, Norway, February plastic deformation”. 25-26, 2008. Lecture on: “Microstructure study of family III-3, III-4 and family II-5 cast alloys”. The 4th International Conference on Nanomaterials by SPD (nanoSPD4), Goslar, Germany, August 18-22, Hydro Aluminium, Sunndalsøra, Norway, May 22, 2008. 2008. Presentation on: “Grain boundary structure and Lecture on: “Experimental progress on the current deformation defects in nanostructured Al–Mg alloys FONDAL project”. processed by high pressure torsion”.

FONDAL project meeting, Lillehammer, Norway, May 28- International Conference on Aluminium Alloys (ICAA 11), 29, 2008. Lecture on: “On development of aluminium cast Aachen, Germany, September 22-26, 2008. Presentation alloys for elevated temperature applications”. on: “Effects of Mg in nanostructured Al-Mg alloys subjected to severe plastic deformation”. The 14th European Microscopy Congress, Aachen, Germany, September 1-5, 2008. Lecture on: “TEM Department of Materials Science and Engineering, investigations of aluminum precipitate in eutectic Si of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China, November 3-9, 2008. A356 based alloys”. Project meetings.

11th International Conference on Aluminium Alloys, 2008 MRS Fall Meeting, Boston, MA, USA, December 1-5, Aachen, Germany, September 22-26, 2008. Lecture on: 2008. Presentation on: “Formation of nanostructures in “Effect of heat treatments on hardening of Al-Zr-Sc Al-Mg alloys subjected to severe plastic deformation”. alloys”.

48 Extracurricular Activities

Knut Marthinsen coefficients of MIEC perovskites by asymptotic analysis of Knut Marthinsen is deputy head at the Department of relaxation data”. Materials Science and Engineering, and a member of the Board of Research and PhD education at the Faculty of Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Natural Sciences and Technology, NTNU. Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey, June 16, 2008. Esma Senel’s MSc thesis defence and visit. He is member of the International Committee for the Joint International Conferences on Recrystallization and Grain Gordon Research Conference on Aqueous Corrosion, New Growth (ReX&GG), the International Committee for the London, USA, July 20-25, 2008. International Conferences of Aluminium Alloys (ICAA) and he is also Topics coordinator for the Aluminium Alloys Hydro - NTNU seminars, Trondheim, Norway, August 26 and session and a member of the Executive Committee for September 16, 2008. Thermec’2009, Berlin, Germany (August 25-29, 2009). 59th Meeting of International Society of Electrochemistry, Knut Marthinsen is member (NTNU’s representative) in the Seville, Spain, September 7-12, 2008. Keynote lecture on: Steering Committee for the BIP NFR projects “Nucleation “Effect of low melting point trace element segregation on Control for Optimized properties” and RIRA (Remelting and electrochemistry and corrosion of aluminum alloys”. Inclusion Refining of Aluminium) and the NFR KMB project “Defect Engineering for Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells”. 214th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA, October 12-17, 2008. Invited paper: Participation in International Convergent Beam Electron “Applications of potential theory in cathodic protection”. Diffraction (CBED) Workshop, NTNU/Skistua, Trondheim, Norway, May 29-30, 2008. XI International Corrosion Symposium (KORSEM08), Izmir, Turkey, October 22-25, 2008. Member, International Advisory Hydro Al R&D Bonn, Germany, July 8-9, 2008. Visit. Board. Keynote talks: “Relevance of copper and silicon in intercrystalline corrosion of AA6000-series aluminium alloys” 11th International Conference on Aluminium Alloys (ICAA11), and “Significance of hydrogen evolution in cathodic protection September 22-26, 2008. Presentation on: “A 3D Monte of steel in seawater”. Contributed paper: “Activation of Carlo study of the effect of anisotropy and particles on the aluminium alloys by low melting point trace elements”. size distribution of grains after recrystallization and grain growth”. Lars-Erik Owe 59th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Referee for several renowned international journals with a Electrochemistry, Seville, Spain, September 7-12, 2008. peer review system. Poster on: “Oxide catalysts for the oxygen evolution Kemal Nisancioglu reaction”. Member of evaluation committees for two academic Norwegian Hydrogen Seminar 2008, Bergen, Norway, positions in corrosion at the Royal Institute of Technology, September 25-26, 2008. Poster on: “Oxide catalysts for the Stockholm, Sweden. oxygen evolution reaction”.

University of Birmingham, United Kingdom, March, 2008. Hans Jørgen Roven PhD thesis defence committee Rob Winsley. Hans Jørgen Roven is Head of the Strategic Area Materials at NTNU and vice-dean at the Faculty of Natural Science Department of Materials Science and Engineering, NTNU, and Technology. He is also professor in physical metallurgy Trondheim, Norway, April 30, 2008. PhD thesis defence and responsible for the severe plastic deformation (SPD) committee Espen Sandnes. nanostructuring group at the DMSE.

213th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society, Phoenix, USA, Member of the www.nanospd.org promoting international May 18-22, 2008. Invited paper: “Comparison of alternating research collaboration on bulk nanostructured materials and direct current relaxation techniques”. Contributed and Head of FORMLAB, the forming, new forming technology paper: “Determination of oxygen exchange and diffusion and mechanical testing laboratories at the DMSE.

49 Extracurricular Activities

Officially appointed Guest professor to the Shanghai Jiao NanoSPD 4 International Conference, Goslar, Germany, Tong University in China for the period May 2007 - May August 18-22, 2008. Lecture on: “Grain boundary 2010. structure and deformation defects in nanostructured Al- Mg alloys processed by high pressure torsion”. Peer-reviewer to the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council U.K. (EPSRC), Natural Sciences and Organizing Internal Hydro - NTNU - SINTEF Strategy Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) and Seminar on Aluminium Technology, Kvilhaugen Gård, Italian Research Council (CIVR/CINECA). Trondheim, Norway, August 25-26, 2008.

Det Norske Veritas - NTNU Meeting, Trondheim, Norway, Directors and Deans Meeting NTNU - SINTEF, Lerchendal January 15-16, 2008. Lecture on: “New light alloys”. Gård, Trondheim, Norway, September 15, 2008.

Nanomat Seminar NTNU - SINTEF, Trondheim, Norway, ICAA11 International Conference, Aachen, Germany, February 4, 2008. Lecture on: “Plans and projects at September 22-26, 2008. Lecture on: “Effects of Mg in NTNU - New Materials”. nanostructured Al-Mg alloys subjected to severe plastic deformation”. AluRena meeting #5, Oslo, Norway, February 14, 2008. Norwegian Titanium meeting, Trondheim, Norway, Royal Institute of Technology, Materials Science and October 27, 2008. Engineering, Stockholm, Sweden, March 6-7, 2008. Visit and project meeting. Materials Forum (talk 27-2008), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China, November 5, 2008. Invited lecture on: Royal Institute of Technology, Materials Science and “Bulk nanostructured light metals produced by severe Engineering, Stockholm, Sweden, March 26-27, 2008. Visit plastic deformation”. and project meeting. Part of official Norwegian Ministry Delegation to China The Hydro-Day at NTNU - SINTEF, Lerchendal Gård, visiting Fudan University, Norwegian Consul General Trondheim, Norway, April 10-11, 2008. Lecture on: “A brief in Shanghai, Polar Research Institute of China ((PRIC) status of Materials at NTNU”. and the Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China, November 6-8, 2008. Innovation Norway, Special Project Evaluation Committee Meeting, Oslo, Norway, May 6, 2008. MRS Fall Meeting, Boston, USA, December 1-3, 2008. Lecture on: “Formation of nanostructures in Al-Mg alloys Elkem - NTNU Meeting, Trondheim, Norway, May 13, 2008. subjected to severe plastic deformation”. Lecture on: “Strategic Area Materials at NTNU”. MIT, Boston, USA, December 2, 2008. Visit. Norwegian Metallurgical Society Meeting, Trondheim, Norway, May 21-22, 2008. Lecture on: “Bulk Purdue University, Center for Materials processing nanostructured metals by severe plastic deformation and tribology; Lafayette, Indiana, USA, December 4, (SPD)”. 2008. Invited lecture on: “Bulk nano-structured metals produced by SPD”. Chalmers University of Technology, Goethenburg, Sweden, June 12-13, 2008. PhD Defense Committee. PhD Defense own candidate Przemyslaw Szczygiel, Trondheim, Norway, December 16, 2008. International Conference in honor of Professor Enrico Evangelista 70th year’s birthday: Recent Developments Per Martin Rørvik in the Processing and Applications of Structural Metals Thin film seminar, NTNU-SINTEF, Oslo, Norway, January and Alloys, Como, Italy, June 22-25, 2008. Lecture on: 16, 2008. “Nanostructures and microhardness in Al and Al-Mg alloys subjected to SPD”. 3rd NTNU NanoLab User Meeting, Trondheim, Norway, March 6, 2008. Lecture on: “Template-free hydrothermal

50 Extracurricular Activities

synthesis of PbTiO3 nanorod arrays”. Quantum Design, San Diego, USA, November 23-26, 2008. Experiments and study visit, host: Application Chemist, Zing Conference on Solid State Chemistry, Cancun, PhD James O’Brien. Mexico, March 10-13, 2008. Poster on: “Hydrothermal synthesis of PbTiO3 nanorod arrays”. Materials Research Society Fall Meeting, November 30 - December 5, 2008. Lecture on: “Ferroic phase transitions

Electroceramics XI, Manchester, United Kingdom, August in BiFe1-xMnxO3, 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.3”. 31 - September 3, 2008. Lecture on: “Template-free hydrothermal synthesis of PbTiO3 nanorod arrays”. Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, USA, December 5-6, 2008. Study visit and experimental work, host: 1st Nanotechnology@NTNU Symposium, Trondheim, Professor Valeri Petkov at Central Michigan University. Norway, September 11-12, 2008. Poster on: “Hydrothermal synthesis of PbTiO3 nanorod arrays”. Jan Ketil Solberg Meeting between DnV and NTNU regarding future Veeco Scandinavian Conference & Users Meeting - cooperation, Trondheim, Norway, January 15, 2008. Developments in Atomic Force Microscopy for advanced imaging techniques, Trondheim, Norway, October 30-31, Project meeting in SUP project “Materials and Structural 2008. Poster on: “Piezoresponse force microscopy studies Integrity” (StatoilHydro/NTNU), Trondheim, Norway, of single PbTiO3 nanorods”. February 2, 2008.

Frode Seland Project meetings in BIP project “An integrated process Seminar in the memory of Bo Håkansson, Royal Institute for hydrogen production and separation” (StatoilHydro, of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, Sweden, January 30, SINTEF, IFE, NTNU), Rotvoll, Trondheim, Norway, March 4, 2008. Invited talk. April 27 and September 9, 2008.

Final meeting in EU-project FURIM, HyGear, Arnhem, The Seminar in ISP project, Brekstad, Norway, March 26, Netherlands, March 12, 2008. 2008. Presentation on: “Ductile-to-brittle transition temperature”. Joint Seminar and Workshops, Hydrogen and Fuel cells, StatoilHydro, SINTEF, NTNU and Tsinghua University, “Hydrodagen”, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway, April 10, 2008. NTNU, Trondheim, Norway, April 15, 2008. NORSTORE 2008, International Conference on “Integration “Pedagogisk Utviklingsprogram”, NTNU, Trondheim, of Advanced H Storage Materials and Systems into the Norway. Hydrogen Society”, Moscow, Russia, May 26-30, 2008. Presentation on: “Synthesis and characterization of Sverre Magnus Selbach H-storage alloys”. Thin film seminar, SINTEF and NTNU, Oslo, Norway, , January 16, 2008. Project meetings in BIP project “Pulsed plasma surface treatment for wear and corrosion protection of 3rd NTNU NanoLab user meeting, Trondheim, Norway, superalloys and stainless steel valves, pumps and pipes” March 6, 2008. Lecture on: “Size-dependent properties of (MOTech Plasma, NTNU), Trondheim, Norway, June 30 and multiferroic nanoparticles”. December 10, 2008.

Zing Solid State Chemistry Conference 2008, Cancun, Meeting with Kverneland Group regarding future Mexico, March 10-13, 2008. Poster on: “Size-dependent cooperation, Trondheim, Norway, August 29, 2008. properties of BiFeO3 nanoparticles”. Project meeting in “OptiWeld” (TubeFuse, AMR, NTNU), Professor Ram Seshadri’s group, Materials Research Trondheim, Norway, October 1, 2008. Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, USA, September 2 - December 12, 2008. Research stay. Annual meeting at Norsk Metallografisk Forening (25 year anniversary), Oslo, Norway, November 6-7, 2008.

51 Extracurricular Activities

Meeting between Posco (Korea), SINTEF, Elkem and NTNU Nanolab: 1st Nanotechnology@NTNU, Trondheim, NTNU regarding future cooperation, Trondheim, Norway, Norway, September 11-12, 2008. Poster on: “Choosing the

December 16, 2008. right components: the solid state chemistry of BaZrO3 and

SrCeO3 to potential partner oxides”. Svein Sunde MITHT, Moscow, Russia, April 5, 2008. Lecture on: Researchers Night, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway, “Electrocatalysts for water electrolysis”. September 26, 2008.

Network meeting on carbon materials, The Research Mikhail Tsypkin Council of Norway, Oslo, Norway, August 28, 2008. MITHT, Moscow, Russia, April 5, 2008. Lecture on: Lecture on: “Carbon nanofibres as electrocatalyst “Catalyst development for high temperature PEMFC”. supports for fuel cells”. SNBL ESRF, Grenoble, France, October 29 - November 3, Jomar Thonstad 2008. Experiment 01-01-777: “In situ XAS study of carbon- Aluminium Smelting Course, Barran Abbas, Iran, January, supported core-shell electrocatalysts for oxidation of 23-24, 2008. Lectured (together with Harald Øye). Visited small organic molecules”. two aluminium plants, one in Iran (Almadhi) and one in Dubai (Dubai Aluminium). Fride Vullum Lecture on Nanotechnology for high school chemistry TMS Annual Meeting, New Orleans, USA, March 9-13, teachers in Sør-Trøndelag, Trondheim, Norway, April 23, 2008. Served as session co-chairman, Aluminum 2008. Lecture on: “Liten ® Mindre ® Minst ® Nano – reduction, Inert anodes. Fremtidens teknologi”.

Slovak Technical University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic, Lecture on Nanotechnology for high school chemistry April 22 and July 10, 2008. Project meetings. teachers in Nord-Trøndelag, Levanger, Norway, May 3, 2008. University of Leuven, Belgium, June 12-13, 2008. Opponent, PhD thesis. International Conference on Materials Science & Technology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA, October 6-9, IUPAC Conference on Solid State Chemistry, Bratislava, 2008. Lecture on: “Synthesis and characterization of

Slovak Republic, July 6-11, 2008. Presented paper on: Ce1-x-y/2Lax-y/2CayNbO4 thin film membranes”. “Inert anodes for aluminium electrolysis”. Co-authored paper on: “Transference numbers in cryolite-based Scandinavian Conference & Users Meeting - melts”. Developments in Atomic Force Microscopy for advanced imaging techniques, Trondheim, Norway, October 30-31, Norwegian Silicon Refinery, Moss, Norway, August 28, 2008. Invited lecture on: “From atoms to microspheres - 2008. Visit. An introduction to AFM”.

Kronos Titan, Fredrikstad, Norway, August 29, 2008. Visit. Kjell Wiik COST-539, Workshop: Electroceramics from nanopowders International Society of Electrochemistry, Annual produced by innovative methods (ELENA), Leysin, Meeting, Sevilla, Spain, September 7-12, 2008. Lecture on: Switzerland, January 30-31, 2008. Lecture on: “Production “Electrowinning of iron from sulphate solutions”. of complex proton conducting oxide powders by spray pyrolysis”. Julian Tolchard 2nd International Conference on Functional Materials and Membrane work group meeting at Fuel Cells and Solid Devices 2008, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, June 16-19, 2008. State Chemistry Department, Risø National Laboratory Invited presentation: “Choosing the right components: for Sustainable Energy, Technical University of Denmark,

Compatibility of the proton conductors BaZrO3, SrCeO3 Risø, Denmark, October 31, 2008. Lecture on: “Mass

and LaNbO4”. transport in perovskites. Part I”.

52 Extracurricular Activities

Membrane work group meeting at Fuel Cells and Solid SPE 9th International Conference on Oilfield Scale, State Chemistry Department, Risø National Laboratory Aberdeen, United Kingdom, May 28-29, 2008. Paper on: for Sustainable Energy, Technical University of Denmark, “Kinetics of CaCO3 scale formation during core flooding”. Risø, Denmark, December 12, 2008. Lecture on: “Mass transport in perovskites. Part II”. Terje Østvold is a member of the TEKNA Oil field chemistry symposium board. Meetings in Oslo, May 29 and The 5th National FUNMAT meeting, Oslo, Norway. June 5, October 15, 2008. 2008. Lecture on: “Spray pyrolysis and the production of submicron complex oxide powders”. ICE/HT-FORTH and University of Patras, Patras, Greece, June 9 - July 7, 2008. Guidance of 3 PhD students and one Gunn Torill Wikdahl Postdoctor at the Department of Chemical Engineering, Diffrac Plus Advance Method Development Course: X-Ray University of Patras, Greece. Study visit. Diffracetion, Villa Martin, Spain, April 7-11, 2008. International MultiScale course. 1: Heriopt-Watt The 15th Norwegian X-ray Conference, Kristiansand, University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, August 10-12, Norway, September 8-10, 2008. 2008. 2: Exprogroup (Petrotech ASA), Haugesund, Norway, September 15-18, 2008. BRUKER User Meeting, Stockholm, Sweden, September 29-30 and October 1, 2008. Gas Hydrates - Operational Treatment and Future Scenarios, Bergen, Norway, October 12-22, 2008. Paper Terje Østvold on: “Thermodynamic hydrate inhibitors. Consequences for Project and board meetings related to “Sand Stabilisation carbonate scale formation during oil and gas recovery in and Water Proofing of Tunnels”. This project is operated pH stabilized systems”. by the spin-off company Impermeable AS where Terje Østvold is the manager. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, October 29 – November 15, 2008. Study visit and consulting with the oil and gas research Cooperation with SINTEF Petroleum Research. Project institution Petrobras. meetings and reporting on running projects. A series of meetings during the year at Statoil Rotvoll and Stjørdal, The Federal University Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Norway. October 30-31, 2008. Courses on mineral scale prediction. The focus was on evaluation of new gas field developments Project meetings, Radcon Scandinavia, Oslo, Norway, with respect to the possible scale problems that could January 4, April 11-13, August 14-17, October 3-5 and occur when these fields experience formation water December 28, 2008. Board meetings, Trondheim, Norway, breakthrough. April 9, 2008. Hotel Copacabana Merlin, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 19th International Oil Field Chemistry Symposium, Geilo, November 3-7, 2008. Courses for Petrobras on mineral Norway, March 9-12, 2008. Project meeting with Dond. scale prediction. The focus was on evaluation of new gas Member of committee and session chairman. Paper on: field developments with respect to the possible scale

“CaCO3 scale formation: Visual observations in 2D model problems that could occur when these fields experience pore networks and precipitation kinetics during core formation water breakthrough. flooding”. Buenos Aires, Argentina, November 12-13, 2008. Meetings Svalbard with Sintef Petroleum Research, April 15-18, with Celta Industrias, Dir. Carlos Luengo. 2008. Study visit. Study visit Argentina to oil and gas industry and research Bologna, Modena, Italy, May 6, 2008. Meeting with Radcon institutions, November 15-30, 2008. Italia and Kerakoll. Neuquen, Argentina, November 20-21, 2008. Meetings University of Bergen. Bergen, Norway, May 14-16, 2008. with Petrobras Project meetings.

53 Extracurricular Activities

Harald A. Øye Harald A. Øye is chairman of the technical committee ISO/TC 226 (Materials for the Production of Primary Aluminium).

Irianian Smelter Course 2008, Almahdy Aluminium, Bandar-Abbas, Iran, January 23-24, 2008. Lectures on: “Fundamentals of aluminium electrolysis (Principles and environmental concerns)”, “Cathode materials”, Cathode construction”, “Cell autopsy manual”, “How to obtain long-lived cathodes”, “ISO standardization work and testing of cathodes and ramming paste”, “Carbon materials testing at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology and SINTEF”, “Spent potlining treatment” and “3D modelling of thermal and sodium expansion in an aluminium reduction cell”.

Dubal, Dubai, January 29, 2008. Plant visit.

TMS 2008 Annual Meeting, New Orleans, LA, USA, March 9-13, 2008. Lecture on: “ISO standards of testing of cathode materials”.

Fundamentals of Aluminium Production 2008, Trondheim, Norway, May 13-23, 2008. Chairman.

27th International Course on Process Metallurgy of Aluminium, Trondheim, Norway, May 26-30, 2008. Chairman and lectures on: “The principles of aluminium electrolysis” and “How to obtain long-lived cells”.

ISO Chairman Conference, Geneva, Switzerland, June 5-6, 2008.

Silicon for the Chemical and Solar Industry IX, Oslo, Norway, June 23-26, 2008. Chairman.

3rd China Silicon Conference, Kunming, China, September 24-27, 2008

Molten Salt Discussion Group, London, United Kingdom, December, 2008. Lecture on: “Pyrohydrolysis of solium fluoride containing silicate slag from spent potlining”.

54 Notes

Table of Contents

Picture on front page: Per Martin Rørvik. Photo: Lead titanate nanorods grown on strontium titanate substrates.

Annual report for Department of Materials Science and Engineering Norwegian University of Science and Technology NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway Internet address: http://www.ntnu.no/materialteknologi

The editor thanks ✔ Brit Wenche Meland, Hilde Martinsen Nordø, Hege Knutsdatter Johnsen and Åse Lill Salomonsen for collecting the administrative data and taking care of the process of printing the report. ✔ Skipnes kommunikasjon for printing. Annual Report 2008 changeour daily lives. resultsinideas noone else has thought of, and creative solutions that arts,medicine, architecture tofine arts. Cross-disciplinary cooperation wellasinother academic disciplines ranging from the social sciences, the representsacademic eminence intechnology and thenatural sciences as TheNorwegian University ofScience and Technology (NTNU) inTrondheim NTNU NO-7491Trondheim, Norway NorwegianUniversity ofScience and Technology DepartmentofMaterials Science and Engineering www.ntnu.no

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Annual Report 2008 and Engineering and Science Materials of Department