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An Archaeological Biography of the Garrity Family in Presque Isle

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An Archaeological Biography of the Garrity Family in Presque Isle AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL BIOGRAPHY OF THE GARRITY FAMILY IN PRESQUE ISLE, MICHIGAN by Sophia Stuart April, 2018 Director of Thesis: Bradley Rodgers Ph.D. Major Department: History This thesis research examines the lives of the Garrity family during their time of service at the range lights and lighthouses of Presque Isle, Michigan. The written history of their family is discussed and then the material history of their family is analyzed. The material history, sourced from a 2005 archaeological excavation of a kitchen dump behind the New Presque Isle Lighthouse, is analyzed in order to interpret if and how the artifacts connect with the historical record of the family. The goal of this thesis research is to discover the time of production and use for the artifacts and then determine whether or not that lines up with the timeline of the Garritys’ service in Presque Isle. The artifacts that do line up with the timeline contribute to a deeper understanding of the daily lives of the Garrity family, thus providing an archaeological biography of the family rather than just the historical record. Photos are included throughout the research in an effort to allow the reader to see and understand the use of these artifacts, and in so doing better understand the Garrity family and their work as lighthouse keepers on the Great Lakes. AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL BIOGRAPHY OF THE GARRITY FAMILY IN PRESQUE ISLE, MICHIGAN A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the Department of Maritime Studies East Carolina University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Masters of Arts in Maritime Studies by Sophia Stuart April, 2018 © Sophia Stuart, 2018 AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL BIOGRAPHY OF THE GARRITY FAMILY IN PRESQUE ISLE, MICHIGAN by Sophia Stuart APPROVED BY: DIRECTOR OF THESIS: Bradley Rodgers, Ph.D. COMMITTEE MEMBER: Jennifer McKinnon, Ph.D. COMMITTEE MEMBER: Jason Raupp, Ph.D. CHAIR OF THE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY: Christopher Oakley, Ph.D. DEAN OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL: Paul Gemperline, Ph.D. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Completing this thesis would not have been possible without a variety of people and an abundance of small miracles. I must first thank the Lord for everything He has done to place me in a field that I love with the ability to travel, discover, and, learn for the rest of my life. Without Him, this entire journey would not have been possible. I want to thank my family, especially my mother Jess, for their never-ending support in this endeavor as well as my best friend Isaiah, who never let me give up on this project or myself during this entire process. I also want to thank the people who helped make the research possible. Janet Young and Judith Kimball, thank you both for your wealth of knowledge on the area, the Garrity family, and the history of lighthouses in general. Thank you both so much for trusting me to continue this legacy of love and honor toward the Garrity family. Thank you to Phil Hartmeyer for putting the idea into my head in the first place, and for being a constant source of aid, support, and guidance during this process. Thank you to William Belli for your enthusiasm for the project and your knowledge of the artifacts I couldn’t make heads or tails of. Thank you to Molly Voth for keeping me sane during the artifact analysis and for your enthusiasm for lighthouses and the Great Lakes, I so enjoyed sharing a piece of this adventure with you. Thank you also to the variety of township staff I worked with, especially those who came out early in the morning and late in the evening to let me explore the lighthouses. Thank you to my advisor Dr. Bradley Rodgers for sharing your love of the Great Lakes with me and for keeping me on my toes during this endeavor. Thank you to Dr. Jennifer McKinnon and Dr. Jason Raupp for agreeing to be on my committee and sharing your wealth of knowledge with me. Finally, I want to thank the Garrity family for their service to this country through their work at the lighthouses and for living such incredible lives, without which, this research would not have been possible. TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables ....................................................................................................................... vi List of Figures ..................................................................................................................... vii Chapter 1: Introduction .........................................................................................................1 Research Questions ...................................................................................................5 Research Methodology .............................................................................................6 Previous Research .....................................................................................................8 Chapter 2: The History of the Presque Isle Lighthouses and the Garrity Family ................13 The History of Presque Isle......................................................................................14 The Need for a Lighthouse in Presque Isle ..............................................................15 The New Presque Isle Lighthouse ...........................................................................20 The History of the Garrity Family ...........................................................................23 The Garrity Children and their Service ....................................................................25 The Duties of a Lighthouse Keeper in the 1800s and Early 1900s ..........................32 Conclusion ...............................................................................................................36 Chapter 3: Artifact Analysis ................................................................................................38 Household Artifacts .................................................................................................41 Personal Artifacts .....................................................................................................76 Miscellaneous Artifacts ...........................................................................................89 Chapter 4: Conclusion..........................................................................................................94 References ...........................................................................................................................102 Appendix A: Janet Young Pre-Research Approval ............................................................110 Appendix B: Judith Kimball Pre-Research Approval .........................................................111 Appendix C: IRB Approval Letter ......................................................................................112 Appendix D: Catalogue of Individual Artifacts ..................................................................113 Appendix E: Catalogue of Groups of Artifacts...................................................................115 LIST OF TABLES Table 1 .................................................................................................................................29 Table 2 ................................................................................................................................100 Table 3 ................................................................................................................................112 Table 4 ................................................................................................................................114 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 ................................................................................................................................22 Figure 2 ................................................................................................................................41 Figure 3 ................................................................................................................................43 Figure 4 ................................................................................................................................44 Figure 5 ................................................................................................................................45 Figure 6 ................................................................................................................................45 Figure 7 ................................................................................................................................46 Figure 8 ................................................................................................................................47 Figure 9 ................................................................................................................................48 Figure 10 ..............................................................................................................................49 Figure 11 ..............................................................................................................................50 Figure 12 ..............................................................................................................................51 Figure 13 ..............................................................................................................................52 Figure 14 ..............................................................................................................................53 Figure 15 ..............................................................................................................................54
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