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Why Do We Get Fat?
Biology ︱ Professor John Speakman and Dr Sumei Hu One version of this framework states that animals have certain protein demands they need to meet. Consequently, Why do we get fat? if the protein content of the diet Evidence from a large diet trial in mice decreases, the animal must eat more to reach its protein goal and this then leads to overconsumption of energy. This is Professor John Speakman, besity is a global health issue. intake drives weight gain, then decreased called the ‘protein leverage hypothesis’. who is a 1000 talents ‘A’ A World Health Organization fat intake will increase weight loss. Fast The Atkin’s and ketogenic diets may professor at the Chinese Oreport in 2014 estimated there forward several years, into the 1980s and work because they provide high amounts Academy of Sciences, Institute were 1.9 billion overweight adults in the 90s, and the main culprit was claimed to of protein that mean individuals stop of Genetics and Developmental world, with 600 million of those having be refined carbohydrates and hence diets consuming food before their energy Biology,Beijing and a Professor obesity. It is well known that having focussing on fibre and low glycaemic requirements are met. An alternative at the University of Aberdeen, obesity is strongly associated with many index foods became the most popular idea is the energy regulation model. In UK, is interested in factors other health risks, such as cardiovascular methods to reverse obesity. Then in the this case, the suggestion is that animals Speakman (seated centre) with some of the research team that performed the large mouse diet study. -
6 Spring Resource 2010 Vickifinal:First Draft.Qxd
news THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF EDINBURGH ISSUE 27 SPRING 2010 RESOURCE THE NEWSLETTER OF SCOTLAND’ S NATIONAL ACADEMY RSE LAUNCHES BUSINESS INNOVATION FORUM The RSE launched its recently established Business Innovation Forum with a Reception in the Garden Lobby of the Scottish Parliament on 28 January 2010. The invitation list, numbering around 100, included leading figures from business, academia and the public sector, as well as members of the Forum itself. RSE President, Lord Wilson of Tillyorn KT GCMG, is pictured at the event with John Swinney MSP, Cabinet Secretary for Finance and Sustainable Growth. The Forum has been created with the objectives of identifying and stimulating processes that will increase business innovation investment and suggesting how appropriate strategies should be developed in Scotland. Further information about the forum and more photographs from the evening appear on the back page. International Links Education Outreach Climate Change Debate Election 2010 On 1 March 2010 the Society announced Once admitted to the RSE the election of 48 new UK and international Fellows are encouraged to HONORARY Fellows to its 1500-strong Fellowship of contribute to the aims experts in the sciences, arts, humanities, and objectives of the Society, FELLOWS the professions, industry and commerce. including the provision of The new Fellows were elected after a expert policy advice to HONORARY FELLOWS SHALL BE rigorous four-stage selection process Government and Parliament, MEMBERS OF THE ROYAL HOUSE, culminating in a ballot of the entire outreach education OR PERSONS EMINENTLY Fellowship. Each new Fellow of the RSE programmes for young people, DISTINGUISHED IN ANY SUBJECT is recognised within his or her peer group and public engagement WITHIN THE DISCIPLINARY as having achieved excellence within their events including conferences DOMAINS OF THE SOCIETY discipline or profession. -
Mating Patterns in a Hybrid Zone of Fire-Bellied Toads
Heredity (2005) 94, 247–257 & 2005 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved 0018-067X/05 $30.00 www.nature.com/hdy Mating patterns in a hybrid zone of fire-bellied toads (Bombina): inferences from adult and full-sib genotypes BNu¨ rnberger1, NH Barton2, LEB Kruuk2 and TH Vines1,2,3 1Department Biologie II, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universita¨tMu¨nchen, Grosshaderner Str. 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; 2Institute of Cell, Animal and Population Biology, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, Scotland We present two novel methods to infer mating patterns from The second approach is based solely on the offspring genetic data. They differ from existing statistical methods of genotypes and relies on the fact that a linear relation exists parentage inference in that they apply to populations that between associations among the offspring and those in the deviate from Hardy–Weinberg and linkage equilibrium, and population of breeding pairs. We apply both methods to a so are suited for the study of assortative mating in hybrid sample from the hybrid zone between the fire-bellied toads zones. The core data set consists of genotypes at several Bombina bombina and B. variegata (Anura: Disco glossidae) loci for a number of full-sib clutches of unknown parentage. in Croatia. Consistently, both approaches provide no Our inference is based throughout on estimates of allelic evidence for a departure from random mating, despite associations within and across loci, such as heterozygote adequate statistical power. Instead, B. variegata-like indivi- deficit and pairwise linkage disequilibrium. In the first duals among the adults contributed disproportionately to the method, the most likely parents of a given clutch are offspring cohort, consistent with their preference for the type determined from the genotypic distribution of the associated of breeding habitat in which this study was conducted. -
Different Impacts of Resources on Opposite Sex Ratings of Physical Attractiveness by Males and Females
ENS-06173; No of Pages 6 Evolution and Human Behavior xxx (2018) xxx–xxx Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Evolution and Human Behavior journal homepage: www.ehbonline.org Different impacts of resources on opposite sex ratings of physical attractiveness by males and females Guanlin Wang a,b,c, Minxuan Cao d, Justina Sauciuvenaite c, Ruth Bissland c,MeganHackere, Catherine Hambly c, Lobke M. Vaanholt c, Chaoqun Niu a, Mark D. Faries f,g, John R. Speakman a,c,⁎ a State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China b University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China c Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK d Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA, USA e Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, TX, USA f Family and Community Health, Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service, TX, USA g College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Centre, TX, USA article info abstract Article history: Parental investment hypotheses regarding mate selection suggest that human males should seek partners fea- Initial receipt 11 October 2017 tured by youth and high fertility. However, females should be more sensitive to resources that can be invested Revised 21 December 2017 on themselves and their offspring. Previous studies indicate that economic status is indeed important in male Final revision received 22 December 2017 attractiveness. However, no previous study has quantified and compared the impact of equivalent resources Available online xxxx on male and female attractiveness. Annual salary is a direct way to evaluate economic status. -
3718 Issue63july2010 1.Pdf
Issue 63.qxd:Genetic Society News 1/10/10 14:41 Page 1 JULYJULLYY 2010 | ISSUEISSUE 63 GENETICSGENNETICSS SOCIETYSOCIEETY NENEWSEWS In this issue The Genetics Society NewsNewws is edited by U Genetics Society PresidentPresident Honoured Honoured ProfProf David Hosken and items ittems for future future issues can be sent to thee editor,editor, preferably preferably U Mouse Genetics Meeting by email to [email protected],D.J.Hosken@@exeter.ac.uk, or U SponsoredSponsored Meetings Meetings hardhard copy to Chair in Evolutionary Evoolutionary Biology, Biology, UniversityUniversity of Exeter,Exeter, Cornwall Cornnwall Campus, U The JBS Haldane LectureLecture Tremough,Tremough, Penryn, TR10 0 9EZ UK.UK. The U Schools Evolutionn ConferenceConference Newsletter is published twicet a year,year, with copy dates of 1st June andand 26th November.November. U TaxiTaxi Drivers The British YeastYeaste Group Group descend on Oxford Oxford for their 2010 meeting: m see the reportreport on page 35. 3 Image © Georgina McLoughlin Issue 63.qxd:Genetic Society News 1/10/10 14:41 Page 2 A WORD FROM THE EDITOR A word from the editor Welcome to issue 63. In this issue we announce a UK is recognised with the award of a CBE in the new Genetics Society Prize to Queen’s Birthday Honours, tells us about one of Welcome to my last issue as join the medals and lectures we her favourite papers by Susan Lindquist, the 2010 editor of the Genetics Society award. The JBS Haldane Mendel Lecturer. Somewhat unusually we have a News, after 3 years in the hot Lecture will be awarded couple of Taxi Drivers in this issue – Brian and seat and a total of 8 years on annually to recognise Deborah Charlesworth are not so happy about the committee it is time to excellence in communicating the way that the print media deals with some move on before I really outstay aspects of genetics research to scientific issues and Chris Ponting bemoans the my welcome! It has been a the public. -
DNA Evidence: Probability, Population Genetics, and the Courts David H
Penn State Law eLibrary Journal Articles Faculty Works 1993 DNA Evidence: Probability, Population Genetics, and the Courts David H. Kaye Penn State Law Follow this and additional works at: http://elibrary.law.psu.edu/fac_works Part of the Criminal Law Commons, Evidence Commons, and the Science and Technology Law Commons Recommended Citation David H. Kaye, DNA Evidence: Probability, Population Genetics, and the Courts, 7 Harv. J.L. & Tech. 101 (1993). This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Works at Penn State Law eLibrary. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal Articles by an authorized administrator of Penn State Law eLibrary. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Volume 7, Fall Issue, 1993 DNA EVIDENCE: PROBABILITY, POPULATION GENETICS, AND THE COURTS David H. Kaye* INTRODUCTION Courts, attorneys, scientists, statisticians, journalists, and government 4 agencies have been explaining,' examining, 2 promoting,3 proselytizing, denigrating,5 and otherwise struggling with DNA identification evidence at least since 1985.6 In the first wave of cases, expert testimony for the * Regents' Professor, Arizona State University College of Law, Box 877906, Tempe, AZ 85287-7906 (602 965-2922, [email protected]). A version of this paper was presented at the 1992 Joint Statistical Meetings of the American Statistical Association, the Biometric Society, and the Institute of Mathematical Statistics. I am grateful to Herman Cheroff for comments on that paper and to Colin Aitken, Richard Lempert, Bruce Weir, and especially Bernard Devlin for comments on later drafts. The errors that remain despite this guidance are entirely my own. -
Evolution Is a Quantitative Science
Book Review/Science in the Media Evolution Is a Quantitative Science John F. Y. Brookfield* Institute of Genetics, School of Biology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom Evolutionary genetics is a mature field ing in evolutionary genetics must be of endeavour, and some of biology’s included in all bioinformatics and geno- greatest minds have contributed to the mics courses. Educators will find that theory of population genetics. Initially, foundation in Elements of Evolutionary Genet- they faced a problem, in that following the ics, by Brian and Deborah Charlesworth. rediscovery of Mendel’s results in the early This thorough and accurate textbook years of the 20th century, some saw an represents a remarkable achievement. The unbridgeable gulf between the sudden rigour of the approach is impeccable changes in appearance seen in the mutant throughout, and the text makes clear just forms of peas studied by Mendel, and the how many areas of biology, such as sex, gradual and subtle changes to evolving genome structure, migration and popula- populations envisaged by Darwin. The so- tion variation, and adaptive evolution called Neo-Darwinian synthesis linked itself, can be understood only through these ideas by considering the likely effect the application of formal models in which of Darwinian natural selection on varia- evolutionary processes are considered in a tions in Mendelian genes, variations which precise way. Most telling, however, is the would not necessarily have major effects consistently quantitative approach to data on organisms’ phenotypes. Unusually, for and their interpretation. While a full biology, this theory was developed, pri- appreciation of the book will require some marily by Fisher, Haldane and Wright, mathematical understanding, the steps prior to the existence of data sets to which required are clearly dealt with in appen- it could realistically be applied. -
Editor-In-Chief Professor Brian Charlesworth Editors Dr Joan
RSBL_8_1_cover.qxd 1/12/12 12:14 PM Page 2 Editor-in-Chief GUIDANCE FOR AUTHORS Professor Brian Charlesworth Selection criteria Editors Categories The criteria for selection are scientific excellence, originality and Papers published in Biology Letters will be categorised by subject, Dr Joan Herbers interest across disciplines within biology. Papers are assessed by the which include Editorial Board for suitability before full peer-review. Their Dr Paul Sniegowski • animal behaviour • marine biology recommendations are passed to the Editor. The Editor is responsible Publishing Editor for all editorial decisions and he makes these decisions based on the • biomechanics • molecular evolution Charlotte Wray reports received from the referees and the Editorial Board. • community ecology • neurobiology • conservation biology • palaeontology Editorial Board Publishing format • pathogen biology Biology Letters are published regularly online and in bimonthly print • evolutionary biology Brian Charlesworth, Editor-in-Chief Alex Kacelnik School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh Department of Zoology, Oxford University issues. Along with all Royal Society journals, we are committed to • phylogeny Joan Herbers, Editor Laurent Keller • evolutionary developmental Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, Ohio State University Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne archiving and providing perpetual access. Although the printed biology Paul Sniegowski, Editor Nicole King • physiology Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley version of Biology Letters is limited to 2500 words, there is the Tom Little • genome biology • population ecology Leticia Avilés Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia Martine Maan facility for Electronic Supplementary Material (ESM). -
Genetics Society News
JULY 2012 | ISSUE 67 GENETICS SOCIETY NEWS In this issue The Genetics Society News is edited • New Honorary Members by David Hosken and items for future • Punnett’s Square issues can be sent to the editor, by email to [email protected]. • Meetings The Newsletter is published twice a • Summer Student and Travel Reports year, with copy dates of 1st June and 26th November. Collecting saltwater samples in the Dead Sea, part of a fieldwork grant. See page 39 A WORD FROM THE EDITOR A word from the editor Welcome to issue 67. not fail (why not at trip to Lisbon instead?). It includes the amusing elcome to another issue of the dialog; WNewsletter. We include the usual interesting range of articles, ‘Columbus: “But your guidelines student reports, meeting reports and say that a lot of preliminary data so on, but I am also very pleased are not required for proposals of to include the biographies of our high impact”. newest Honorary Members, a group Ferdinand: “And you believe that? of outstanding geneticists who have Hahahaha! What an idiot”.’ all made great contributions to the The article makes some excellent field. I wonder what they would points and makes them well. It is make of an amusing, yet somewhat a must-read, and reviewers and depressing commentary published panels should remember that if in a recent issue of Genome Biology it cannot fail and if we know the (Goodbye Columbus: Genome answers beforehand, it is not Biology 2012 13:155)? really science. The article places Columbus before Read on and enjoy, and I can only the King and Queen of Spain after hope that the summer weather his funding application to sail west where you are, is a darn sight to seek the Indies has been rejected. -
Print RSBL 4 4 Cover
RSBL_4_4_cover.qxp 7/4/08 4:03 PM Page 2 GUIDANCE FOR AUTHORS Editor Selection criteria Categories The criteria for selection are scientific excellence, originality and Papers published in Biology Letters will be categorised by subject, Professor Brian Charlesworth interest across disciplines within biology. Papers are assessed by the which include Publishing Editor Editorial Board for suitability before full peer-review. Their • animal behaviour • molecular evolution Fiona Pring recommendations are passed to the Editor. The Editor is responsible for all editorial decisions and he makes these decisions based on the • biomechanics • neurobiology reports received from the referees and the Editorial Board. • community ecology • palaeontology Editorial Board • evolutionary biology Publishing format • pathogen biology Brian Charlesworth, Editor Jessica Gurevitch • evolutionary developmental Biology Letters are published regularly online and in bimonthly print • phylogeny School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University biology Kathryn Arnold Daniel Haydon issues. Along with all Royal Society journals, we are committed to • physiology Division of Environmental and Evolutionary Biology, University of Glasgow Division of Environmental and Evolutionary Biology, University of Glasgow archiving and providing perpetual access. Although the printed • genome biology Phoebe Barnard Joan Herbers version of Biology Letters is limited to 2500 words, there is the Global Change Research Group, -
A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of the Impact of Body Mass Index on Stroke and All-Cause Mortality in Stroke Patients: a Paradox Within a Paradox
See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: http://www.researchgate.net/publication/273140297 A dose-response meta-analysis of the impact of Body Mass Index on stroke and all-cause mortality in stroke patients: A paradox within a paradox ARTICLE in OBESITY REVIEWS · APRIL 2015 Impact Factor: 7.86 · DOI: 10.1111/obr.12272 DOWNLOADS VIEWS 44 84 5 AUTHORS, INCLUDING: Minoo Bagheri John Speakman Tehran University of Medical Sciences University of Aberdeen 6 PUBLICATIONS 4 CITATIONS 502 PUBLICATIONS 13,378 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Sakineh Shab Bidar Kurosh Djafarian Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran University of Medical Sciences 24 PUBLICATIONS 128 CITATIONS 39 PUBLICATIONS 127 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Available from: John Speakman Retrieved on: 23 June 2015 obesity reviews doi: 10.1111/obr.12272 Review A dose-response meta-analysis of the impact of body mass index on stroke and all-cause mortality in stroke patients: a paradox within a paradox M. Bagheri1, J. R. Speakman2,3, S. Shabbidar1, F. Kazemi1 and K. Djafarian4 1Department of Community Nutrition, School Summary of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetic, Tehran The obesity paradox is often attributed to fat acting as a buffer to protect University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; individuals in fragile metabolic states. If this was the case, one would predict that 2Institute of Biological and Environmental the reverse epidemiology would be apparent across all causes of mortality Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, including that of the particular disease state. We performed a dose-response Scotland, UK; 3Institute of Genetics and meta-analysis to assess the impact of body mass index (BMI) on all-cause and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of stroke-specific mortality among stroke patients. -
Mutualism Between Self‑Splicing Introns and Their Hosts
www.biomedcentral.com/bmcbiol U A A A U U A - U P9.1 G - C G - C U - G P9.2 A U U A C A C A U G C A G G G G U A A G G - - - - - - - A - - - - - - - U C U A U U C U G U A C G U C G C G C G P9 A A A 3’ C A P12 exon2 P9.0a A G U td c U U U C U U c A C G A A - U 60 A G a A P9.0b G U A P10 u G - C P5 A A U G - C U - G c A - U A - U 5’SS G - U - C - G C C u G AC P7.2 C P1 g - C 10 C - G U - G 70 A A g - C 3’SS U - A P7 C - G A A g G - C G A U - G u A - U A - U C - G exon1 U - A A G td U P4 C - G A A C - G UA G - C C U U - A A C C - G 5’ IMAGEA C - G C - G P7.1 U - A C - G G - A P6 C G A - U U G C - A U P3 G U - A U U 80 U U A C - G A A U - G U A A U - A A A G - U G A A 860 A - U U U G - C G - C U - A U - A U - A U - A G - C A - U P2 G - C P8 P6a U - A U - A A - U A - U A - U A - U G - C 20 A - U C - G 90 G - U G - C A C A - U G A A U C - G U G U - G 850 U U F I-TevI OR Learning to live together: mutualism between self‑splicing introns and their hosts David Edgell, Venkata R Chalamcharla & Marlene Belfort Editorial Office BMC Biology BioMed Central Ltd Floor 6, 236 Gray’s Inn Road London WC1X 8HB United Kingdom Tel: +44 (0) 20 3192 2000 Fax: +44 (0) 20 3192 2011 Email: [email protected] Editor: Miranda Robertson Deputy Editors: Penelope Austin, Ann Le Good Assistant Editor: Kester Jarvis Editorial Assistant: Alice Plane Senior Journal Development Editor: Ciaran O’Neill Editorial Administrators: Gaby Anderson, Vikki Bean Production Manager: Caroline Hering Production staff: Eddy Baker, Rahila Esposito, Ross Hopkins Editorial