418
VII CONCLUSION
The Preface to the Second Edition of The Cave and the Spring has
Hope s explanation that the essays are written much as poems are written, to, show forth and to illuminate an idea rather than to argue and demonstrate a truth. Notable aspects of the body of the poetry to the mid-1980s are the persistence with which themes are reworked and the restlessness of their reworking. The Preface to The Cave and the Spring confirms the conclusion that Hope s poetry is a personal dialectic, in which he relentlessly reappraises those issues he identifies as fundamental in the human exp erience. He reaches few hard-and-fast conclusions because the central concern which which the poetry deals is the human state in its relation to the metaphysical, to the believed but unknowable in time.
Rather than showing a poetic working towards conclusions, the body of the poetry shows that Hope began writing with a set of convictions and that
the poetry treats the ramifications of those convictions, as they are
enlarged by Hope s submission of experience to a perception of the
metaphysical. It is this which has led Hope so often to startle his
readers by treating taboo subjects in poetry.
The juvenilia introduces the concerns of temporality and eternity,
heroic endeavour and physical passion, which are amplified in the mature
poetry. It shows that influences encountered by the poet in maturity
impinged on a body of ideas which was in place by the time Hope was grown
up. The spiritualising nature of the poet s task, and the difficulty of
bringing a spiritual influence to bear on the minds of ordinary human
beings, are among Hope s most insistent themes. His long and careful
preparation to become a poet reflects the keenness of his youthful
appreciation of the significance of his accepted role. The poetic maturity 419 which Hope achieves from the time of his marriage stems mainly from the emotional force of the confusion of his responses to sexuality. Other immediately close contributions are made by his intellectual encounters with the poetry of Brennan, Anderson s form of empiricism and McAuley as poet. His early apprehension of the need for heroism and the difficulties of heroic endeavour becomes sharply focussed from the end of the 1930s, as a terrifying awareness of the strength of the competing passions within self catches his imagination.
In the poetry of The Wandering Islands period, the amplification of Hope s early concerns is most noticeable in the plethora of sexual themes, which includes the Fall, the nature of woman and the complexity of male being. The poetry of the early mature period establishes the pattern of the development of Hope s thematic concerns, as the implications
of his initial convictions begin to proliferate. Poetry published later than The Wandering Islands documents refinements and extensions of his
early mature period perceptions; there is no stasis in treatment of
preoccupations. The one issue on which his thinking snags is Max Harris
as a literary figure, an issue which is only partly connected with Pope s
literary concerns. Hope has identified sleazy literature with Harris
but the Hope-Harris comic hatchet has more than a literary edge; it
indicates human vulnerability to purely personal emotion. Hope s
"Visitant" is a disarming statement from Habbakuk Hope that the human
experience has a claim on him in its own right. It takes to a peak of
expression the poet s conception of himself as a poet-observer who has
a mandate to see the whole human state steadily and clearly but, at the
same time, it allows that the observer is also a Participant in the human
state. Hope s poetry pivots on this double axis, of the poet who is the
elect of the gods and also the son of fallen Adam. The poetry arises from 420 the tensions between the man and the poet.
The human mind and its capacity to respond to intimations of a spiritual state beyond the here and now, and the abstraction of thought which language permits, are Hope s rationale for being a poet. Comment has often been made on his Presbyterian upbringing but the bearing on his poetry of his training in psychology has been overlooked. Both aspects of Hope s intellectual conditioning are evident in the poetry. Oppositions between Old Testament certainties and Modernist reappraisals of established standards for man s use of his human state contribute to the clashes of ideas which characterise Hope s poetry.
An unanticipated conclusion to emerge from this study is that Hope has been strongly drawn to ideas which are the basis of Surrealist theories
of art. It should not be a surprising conclusion, given Hope s early and sustained sense of a mystical dimension to human experience. His drive to reach beyond the physical plane of existence accords with the term
surreal, or superreal; and it accords with his understanding that mind
is man s means of extending experience beyond the sensory. His studies
in psychology, philosophy, language and literature are investigations
into the workings and products of the mind, which is appropriate, for Pope s passionate interest is in the possibilities that mind allows to man.
Some early mature period resistance to implications of psychology is
countered by Hope s employment of introspection. The contribution of
dreams to the supply of material for poetry is given increasing recognition
in Hope s middle and later periods. Adverse comments directed at
Surrealist writing become catch-cries which have no meaning specific to
the source of material or the content of Surrealist art; they relate to
the absence of traditional form from the work of some poets and what Hope
sees as a consequent removal of the element of poetry from their work. 421
Hope s most impressive poetry to date is written later than the works in The Wandering Islands, during the years after he rationally resolved his earlier difficulties in reconciling daemonic promptings and physical drives. During his middle period, the poet s attention is directed to understanding of the human experience in the context of an ordered universe and he creates poetry in which he explores the possibilities of consciousness and the extension of consciousness through poetic vision.
The raw passion which marks much of the earlier poetry is replaced by controlled energy. The poetry is at times marked by an exhilaration derived from apprehension of the scope of the temporal adventure.
When the post-1970 poetry is considered in relation to Hope s earlier poetry, some marked changes in achieved attitudes are seen. The most striking change of attitude is towards rationality. As the poet s
concern with the mystical is directed to specific instances of man s use
of his mind, rather than, as it is in the middle period, to the vision of
universal order, confusions and contradictions in the theme of rationality
appear in the poetry and some prose items. Hope does not yield his
conviction that man s mind is his means to spiritual growth but he
accords to the collective unconscious a mystical importance and questions
rationality. A conclusion may be drawn that, in view of the probabilities
of mankind s self-destruction because of intellectual hubris, Hope sees
that consciousness, by itself, is inadequate to man s needs and that the
full resources of the human mind must be exploited. Such a conclusion
admits both Hope s later period stances to rationality, though none of
the relevant poems or prose items specifies the point about the full
resources of the mind. It must, at least at present, remain a tentative
conclusion. The poet s attitudes to will and pride, which, in relation
to poets, enter the early mature poetry, are reversed in the later poetry, 422 but there the application is to scientists, who, in using their limited rational capabilities, demonstrate their incapacity for a poetic reception of the mystical in the universe. A great tension lies behind Hope s developments of the themes of sexuality, will and pride; and, in his later period, the poetry indicates that the source of this tension is a disparity between expectations about the cap acity of the human mind and the factual and historical evidence of its limitations. Physical and spiritual passions are not subject to intellectually derived will and pride; and intellect appears to be inimical to spirituality.
In the later period, there is a descent to the demotic in the 1 language of some of the published p oetry and, in some poems, a flippant treatment of persistent themes. 2 A larrikin element comes to the surface in, for example, "Three Songs for Monaro Pubs" and "Transplant
Songs", which identifies Hope as a Currency Lad, so that the label of
Australian Poet for Hope assumes an unusual validity. These observations
argue that the older Hope has become less consistent in applying to his poetry-making the view of the poet as the agent of the spiritual
transformation of the world. The conclusion to be drawn is that Hope s
engagement with the question of redemption has entered the closely
personal province of the man, who has, to a considerable extent, withdrawn
from the poet.
Certain as Hope is in his ideas concerning the poet s high purpose,
his concept of the poet has undergone revision and the poetry reflects
his various, and sometimes cumulative, perceptions of the poet as the
1. e.g. "The Transit of Venus," in The Age of Reason, p.70; "Memoire D Outre Tombe". 2. e.g. "Intimations of Mortality". 423 elect of the gods, Homeric hero, Nietzschean aristocrat, watcher and humanist. A conviction that the poet is outside ordinary humanity is unshaken by the fact that the poet is also a man but "Exercise on a Sphere", especially stanza nine, suggests that the older Hope has come to understand that, while the poet within the poet can offer advice, the man is the self who has to grapple with the problems of his human being and effect his own redemption.
Some revisions in the later period poetry have the quality of being exercises in the setting in order of Hope s poetic house. One such area of revision is in his ideas about woman, which apply to woman s status, not to her nature. Hope continues to see, as he has since the 1940s, that woman s nature is Eve s nature. The early mature divided sense of place re-emerges, with singular emphasis, in the later period "The Drifting
Continent" poems, which seem to be intended as poems of reconciliation with his birth-place; "Botany Bay", however, casts doubt on the worth of
exile in Australia, for existence here is given as offering no more than
a vindication of the rights of woman. Even so, Hope s poetry derives
in some degree from his Australian identity, in ways which are neither
obvious nor surprising. The shortcomings of Australia as place - which
Hope s poetry identifies as crudity, exile from civilisation, poverty
of spirit - have been goads to his creativity.
The later period concessions to the poetic achievements of some
practitioners of free verse and possibly,but unlikely, Hope s return in
some poems to use of freer rhythms, have the appearance of an olive branch
held in the direction of Modernism. However, together with the Symbolist
poems, "Adam Ben Googol" and "Nu Nubile", and Hope s late advocacy of the
validity of the subconscious and the collective unconscious, the concessions
to free verse indicate an acknowledgement by Hope of that attraction to 424
Modernism which is indicated in The Structure of Verse and Prose ,and by some of the poetry of the 1940s,but which has been denied.
Hope has written approvingly of the eighteenth century poets who had on the whole a common and public style and a public language . 3
The style and usually the language of Hope s poetry are public but his poetry is essentially personal. Universality of themes is a public quality but that is reduced by the particularity of treatment of themes.
The later period verse begins to lack the passion of engagement with
themes evident in the poetry written until the mid-1970s. Hope, the
intellectual man, is less and less present in the poetry, perhaps withdrawn
into private spiritual contemplation.
3. Hope, "Three Early Australian Poets," in Native Companions, p.104. 425
APPENDIX I
1907 b. July, Cooma, N.S.W. Father Rev. P. Hope, Presbyterian
minister; mother had been a teacher. ca 1911 Hope family moved to Campbelltown, Tasmania. Hope educated
mainly at home.
1919-21 Attended Leslie House School, Hobart, as a boarder. ca 1922 Hope family returned to N.S.W.
1922-23 Hope boarded privately in Bathurst, attended Bathurst High School.
1923 Edited The Burr, Bathurst High School magazine.
1924 Attended Fort Street Boys High School, Sydney.
1925 Began undergraduate study, University of Sydney, taking
Latin I, English I, History I, Philosophy I. Gained N.D.
in English and shared Josiah Simon Scholarship for English
Language.
1926 Studied English II, Philosophy II (Ancient), Psychology II,
History II. Gained H.D. in English and Philosophy. Awarded
Thomas Henry Coulson Scholarship for English II, G.S. Caird
Scholarship for Philosophy II.
Associate Editor, Arts Journal (Arts Society, Univ. of Sydney),
9, 1, Trinity and 9, 2, Michaelmas.
192 7 Studied English III, Philosophy III (Vodern). Gained H.D.
in Philosophy. December : Awarded University Medal for English
(aequal), University Medal for Philosophy, James Coutts
Scholarship for English (aeq.).
Sub-editor, Arts Journal, 10, 1, Trinity and 10, 2, Michaelmas. 426
1928 March : Awarded Class I Honours, English and Philosophy, at
his Degree Examination.
Employed by the Sydney University Appeal conducted by
Professor E. R. Holme. Attended Spanish classes organised
by University of Sydney Adult Education Department and
Italian classes at the Conservatorium of Music. Began plans
for post-graduate theses; plans abandoned on receipt of
James King Scholarship.
Awarded the Orient Line first class return passage to England
and The James King of Irrawang Scholarship, E250 for two years.
October : joined University College, Oxford.
1929 Undertook Old and Middle English Studies at University of
Oxford.
1930 Completed B.A. in English Language and Literature at University
of Oxford. Spent some time with parents at Lithgow, N.S.W.
For the greater part of 1930, camped on the coast, learnt
Russian, worked on reconstructing rarlowe s Doctor Faustus.
1931 Resident tutor in English and Philosophy, St Paul s College,
University of Sydney.
1932 Appointed by N.S.W. Department of Education as teacher at
Belmore Central School (ray) and Newcastle High (September).
1933 Transferred to Vocational Guidance Bureau, Sydney, to assist
the Psychological Assistant.
1934-5 Vocational psychologist with Department of Labour and Industry.
1936 Taught at Petersham, Parramatta and Katoomba Intermediate Schools.
1937 Taught at Telopea Park Intermediate School. 427
1938 Taught briefly at Canberra High School.
Appointed Lecturer in English and Education, Sydney Teachers
College.
Married Penelope Robinson.
The Structure of Verse and Prose published, Sydney. ca 1941 Began publishing literary reviews in organs with wider audiences
than University papers. Began radio broadcasts.
1942 First letter in Meanjin Archive, Hope to Clem Christesen,
is dated 18 January 1942. Correspondence in Archive continued
to 1974.
1944 Privy to Ern Malley hoax.
1945 Appointed Senior Lecturer in English, University of Melbourne.
1950 Wrote"Dunciad Minimus".
1951 Appointed Professor of English Language and Literature, Canberra
University College of the University of Melbourne. From 1961
the College was amalgamated with the Australian National University
as the School of General Studies.
1952 Delivered Inaugural Lecture,"The Study of English".
1955 The Wandering Islands p ublished, Sydney.
Received the Grace Leven Prize for Poetry.
James rcAuley s CLF lectures on Hope s poetry followed by
protests in Brisbane press.
1957 Foundation Member of Australian Humanities Research Council.
Began fifteen months of visiting universities in Canada, Great
Britain and the United States. Visited Europe.
1958 Sabbatical leave at Cambridge. 428
1960 Selected Australian Poetry 1960, published in Sydney.
Poems published, London.
1961 Poems published, New York.
Professor of English in the School of General Studies,
Australian National University (1961-68).
First Dean of the Faculty of Arts, A.N.U.
1963 Australian Literature 1950-62 published, Velbourne.
A. D. Hope, poems selected by Douglas Stewart, published,
Sydney.
Dunciad Minimus published Privately, Canberra.
1964 Became President (1964-7) of Australian Association for the
Teaching of English.
1965 The Cave and the Spring : Essays on Poetry published in Adelaide,
San Francisco and Chicago.
Received Britannica Australia Award for Literature and Arts
Council of Great Britain Award for Poetry.
1966 Collected Poems 1930-1965 published in Sydney and New York.
Received Volkswagen Award and the Australian Arts Award.
President, Australian Society of Authors, 1966-1967.
1967 Received Sidney Myer Charity Trust Award for Australian
Literature and R.A. Crouch Memorial Gold Medal.
Resigned from Chair of English at A.N.U.
Gave poetry readings at Lincoln Center Festival, New York.
Appointed Patron of the Australian Association for the
Teaching of English.
1968 Received Levinson Prize for poetry (Chicago).
Became Professor Emeritus, A.N.U.
Participated in "Arts Vietnam". 429
1969 Received Ingram Merrill Award for literature (New York) and
Levinson Prize for Poetry (Chicago).
Appointed Library Fellow, A.N.U.
New Poems 1965-1969 published, Sydney.
U.S.A. Library of Congress Visitor.
1970 New Poems 1965-69 published.
Dunciad Minor : An Herold( Poem published, :!elbourne.
A Midsummer Eve s Dream: Variations on a There by William
Dunbar published, Canberra, New York, Edinburgh.
Lecturer at Sweet Briar College, U.S.A.
1971 Visiting Professor at Keele and other Universities.
19 72 Awarded OBE.
Foundation Fellow of the Australian Academy of the Humanities.
Became member of C.L.F. Advisory Board.
Awarded honorary Doctorate of Letters by Australian National
University. Delivered The Occasional Address at the Australian
National University Graduation ceremony.
A. D. Hope Reads from His Own Work recording released, Queensland
University Press.
Collected Poems 1930-1970 published, Sydney.
Presented "Guest of Honour" address, ABC radio, Christmas Eve.
1973 Selected Poems published, Sydney.
The Damnation of Byron published in a limited, illustrated
edition, Ontario.
Member of Literature Board of Australian Council for the Arts
(1973-74).
Awarded Honorary Doctorate of Letters by University of. New
England. Delivered The Occasional Address at the University of
New England Graduation ceremony.
Visiting Lecturer, A.N.U. 430
1974 Native Companions : Essays and Comments on Australian
Literature 1936-1966 published, Sydney.
The Cave and the Spring, 2nd ed., Fub7lishe , Sydney.
A. D. Hcpe Building at A.N.U. open3e.
1975 A Late Picking published, Sydney; two editions, one a rare
books edition of 60 copies.
Judith Wright published, Melbourne.
Participated in Monash Visiting Writers programme, Monash
University.
1976 Awarded Honorary Doctorate of Letters, Monash University.
Delivered Graduation address, Monash University.
Awarded Honorary Doctorate of Letters, University of Melbourne.
Received The Age Book of the Year Award and Robert Frost Award.
Siren and Satyr, The Personal philosophy of Norman Lindsay,
Introduction by Hope, published, South Melbourne.
1977 Attended Fourth Triennial Conference of the Association for
Commonwealth Literature and Language Studies, New Delhi.
Visited Indian Universities as guest of the Indian Council
of Cultural Relations.
19 78 A Book of Answers published, Sydney.
The Pack of Autolycus published, Canberra.
1979 The New Cratylus : Notes on the Craft of Poetry published,
Melbourne.
The Drifting Continent privately published, Canberra.
Joy Hooton, A. D. Hope, Australian Bibliographies, gen. ed.
Grahame Johnston, published. 431
1981 Made Companion of the Order of Australia in recognition of
outstanding contribution to Australian Literature.
Antechinus : Poems 1975-1980 published, Sydney.
1982 The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus by Christopher Marlowe
Purged and Amended by A. D. Hope published, Canberra.
1984 Directions in Australian Poetry (lectures) published, Townsville.
Opened Writers Week at Adelaide Festival in March.
1985 The Age of Reason published, Carlton (Melbourne).
1986 A. D. Hope : Selected Poems, selected by Ruth Morse, published,
Manchester.
1987 Celebrated eightieth birthday. 432
APPENDIX II
From Ludus et Ludi, Leslie House School Quarterly Magazine:
"Butchered, to Make a Roman Holiday", April 1919, p.8. Archives
Office of Tasmania, NS 684/10.
From The Burr, The Magazine of Bathurst High School:
"Echo", November 1922, pp.15-7.
"Ode to the Sea", November 1922, p.18.
"Third Year s Ode to the West Wind", November 1922, p.26.
"An Invocation", November 1922, p.48.
Editorial, November 1923, p.5.
"The First Sonnet", November 1923, p.10.
"The Last Sonnet", November 1923, P.10.
"Carmen XXVII", November 1923, p.22.
From The Fortian, Magazine of Fort Street Boys High School:
"Impressions of a New Boy at Fort Street", June 1924, p.32. 433
BUTCHERED, 1TO MAKE A ROMAN HOLIDAY
By Va.
The streets of the noble City of Rome, "The Mistress of the World," were gaily decked with flowers and banners, and thronged with hundreds
of expectant people. For to-day their great General was returning
triumphant from the wars in Spain. Suddenly the spears of the Roman
legions appeared, led by a proud stately figure in full armour, who rode
in the great triumphal car, drawn by beautiful white horses. This
procession passed on towards the Forum amid the deafening acclamation
of the populace.
Next day the Emperor decided to celebrate the return of his victorious
army, by a great gladiatorial display in the magnificent amphitheatre,
or Colosseum in Rome. This Colosseum would hold eighty-seven thousand
spectators, and now over two-thirds of that number were gathered within
the mighty oval of its walls. First, there was the usual show of wild
and trained beasts; then all the different games the Romans loved;
lastly, clad in complete armour, and aimed only with short swords, two
gladiators stepped into the arena. These were noble prisoners of war
doomed to fight to the death to amuse their captors. "Hail Caesar! We
who are about to die, salute thee!" burst simultaneously from their lips;
and then the fight began. Back and forth on the sand of the arena they
fenced; ever watchful for the unwary movement that should give opportunity
for the fatal thrust.
Suddenly one of the combatants aimed a blow at the other. He warded
it off; but so great was the impetus that he fell backwards. His opponent
sprang forward to deliver the fatal blow, and he fell mortally wounded
in the side. The blood poured from the deadly gash; his senses reeled,
1. The original of this copy has two minor typesetting errors, "Butchered„ to Make a Roman Holiday", as the title, and "The Mistress of the World." 434
and though he heard the tremendous applause that greeted the victor, he took no heed; visions of his home, his family, and his tribesmen,
far away in distant Iberia, flashed across his mind. And, then, with
a glance full of proud, bitter, defiance at the merciless crowds, who
lined the tiers and tiers of seats around the arena, he expired,
"Butchered, to make a Roman holiday."
A.D.H. 435
"ECHO"
-The Grecian mythology was wonderfully rich in the number and splendour of its gods and goddesses, who feasted and loved on high Olympus; and more especially in the galaxy of its lesser deities and fantastic creatures of a primitive imagination. For there were the dryads and the fauns, weird satyrs and tritons; there were strange, horrible monsters and graceful nymphs. Mighty and wonderful giants looked down on crane-beset pigmies.
A riot of chastic incongruity, strength and lissome beauty, in contrast to supreme unloveliness.
Earth, and the Heavens, and the depths of the Sea, were peopled by this poet race, with fairy-forms and incarnated power. The unknown was clothed in living flesh and given a mind; the common forces of Nature were etherealised; and because he feared his deities, man pictured them terrible; no less than wonderful, and oftimes lovely.
Among all the legends that made up the simple religion of the early
Greeks, there is none more beautiful than that of the Unfortunate Echo.
The nymph whose innocent, but too incessant, prattle, earned her such disfavour that she was banished and doomed to be for ever more dumb. Then arrived at her sylvan hermitage the young and beautiful huntsman, Narcissus, who was nigh falling in love with this mute apparition, who fed him, and was only able to repeat his last few words when he spoke. Believing, very naturally, that she was mocking him, he left her; and one day, seeing his own fair form reflected in a still woodland pool, he fell in love with the supposed water nymph, and pined away, languished, died. When the faithful
and loving Echo arrived, she found only his dead body, which the Gods were pleased to transform into a flower; but the fair creature, sighing by the
corpse, faded away till nothing of her pensive loveliness remained, save
the clear, passionless voice. 436
"And so," said the Greeks, "this voice haunts the woods and the streams for evermore, and mourns for the lost Narcissus, and only by repeating the words of others can it give utterance to its great sorrow."
Deep hidden away in the secret lonely places of the hills are quiet caves, where dwell the last earthly remains of the nymph. For her haunts are sacred to the Goddess of Silence, and she herself is high priestess in the vastness of the temple of Solitude. Loneliness is her only companion,
Silence her tutor, and Unhappy Memory her sole claim to existence.
To-day many of the Gods have passed into history, are but mere names, in spite of their vaunted immortality. Already, great Jove lies vanquished by the giant Science; and a new Prometheus has stolen the sacred fire of his thunderbolt, and given it to man for a servant and a plaything.
Apollo has been hurled headlong from his blazing chariot by Curiosity, the vain creature of man, doing his bidding, leading him into forbidden
realm. And now the erstwhile lord of day has no better occupation than to patronise musical societies, and lovers poems, by giving them free use
of his name. Swift Mercurius has fled, and Steam and Electricity have
usurped his sway; while the god of present-day thieves does not exist.
Ceres is in her death-throes, struggling with her sickle against the harvester and the ten-furrow motor plough. Ne ptune is the butt of a nautical jest, nothing more; while the floating cloud-palace of Aeolus,
gorgeous as ever, is deserted, uninhabited, void.
Venus and Mars alone live on the flourish, defying change and time
alike.
And, despite this tremendous downfall of the Olympians, our shy
nymph, Echo, dwells undisturbed among us, clinging with strange persistency
to her familiar haunts, making her daily sacrifice at the altar of the 437
twin deities of Silence and Sorrow, and still bewailing the lost love of
two thousand years agone. Yet the voice that answers yours among the hills with melancholy and half-mocking cadence, trembles with the tears
of yesterday!
All the great minds, and all the true hearts of all the centuries,
at some time or another, have sought out her hiding-places, have communed with her in a language that needs no interpretation, have learned to love her. Holding converse with her, they have learned to know their own
strength, and their own weakness, and to gauge the true value of all things.
In her company they become imbued with the illimitable spirit of the
mountain-sides, and of the deep, wide, blue of the skies. She expands
their minds and opens their ears to the solemn music of the wilderness;
she attunes their souls to the solemn harmony of the universe, of the
infinite.
The poets flock to her solitudes; for she is the impersonation of that
Unseen mystery of the beautiful, which they all seek. They return from her
presence knowing the supreme wonder of their own souls, clothed in the
garment of a larger wisdom; and men see their eyes that they shine with
the spirit of a little child.
Wherever men come, they cut down her groves, dig into her mountains,
and build their smoking, dingy cities. They frighten the nymph, and she
would fain flee far away. But a mysterious power holds this hermit of
love to linger round her violated sanctuaries. By day she hides in the
recesses of the forest, and men, forgetting her very existence, insult
her with the rude speedh, and, mean hearts, they carry into her sacred
retreats. Nevertheless, she is in league with the darkness, and back she
steals at dead of night, and paces to and fro in the half-empty streets,
where the wind lends a voice to her lamentation. She it is who catches 438
lonely footfalls and stray night-sounds, and repeats them till they resound and ring along the deserted pavements between the sleeping buildings, and then grow faint, fainter yet, and die away. With the day back she flies
again, far back to the woods, the silent hills, the eagles, the still skies,
and the loneliness.
And man toils, and dreams, and forgets! And after a time departs,
and is himself forgotten. His cities become desolate and ruinous, his
palaces fall into rubbish-heaps, and the briar thickets cover them from
sight. The last hollow steps of their inhabitants die away, and the birds
and the rabbits, and the wild dog, come furtively and find her pacing the
deserted hills, and hear her moaning, gently, quietly, intensely.
These old grey ruins are her most sacred shrines. None may touch
her there, none disturb or drive her away. They are hers for ever and
ever more. If you would find her there, go in the stillness of the
evening - and listen. She is there, and still brooding over the deathly
silence. There you will find her, the spirit of poetry, of memory, of
immutability, of Echo.
A. HOPE,
Third Year. 439
ODE TO THE SEA
Threshing floor of the skies! Hail of the winds! Blue in thy bosom lies Deep in thy granaries. What man ne er finds Soaked in thy changeful dyes Shaped by thy winds, Lit by the constant flame, Pure, white and old, Bathed in the very same Foam whence Pelagia came, Wonderful, old, As years the stars cannot name Ages untold. Gliding from curling wave, Spray s effervescence , Down to cool, silent grave, Curving and sightless save, Dim phosphorescence. Where deep, dark sea-fish have Blind unfelt presence, Wave-worn and seaweed-grown As thy rocks. For see, Kissing and lapping the stone, Musical liquid moan, Make they with thee Part of thee; all of thine own, Such would I be.
A D .H 440
THIRD YEAR S ODE TO THE WEST WIND (and any other wind).
(Apologies to Shelley.)
Oh, wild West Wind, thou breath of Autumn being, Thou from whose unseen presence in the shed Our mouths and eyes are full of dust, and seeing Is quite impossible when we are led Along the devious ways of maths. Oh thou Who mak st us often wish that we were dead! Chilled by thy breath, how cold and numb we grow! Each like a corpse upon the seat until Thine azure sister of the Spring shall blow The dust-clouds down the High School lane and fill (Driving the filth into eyes, mouth and hair) The air with curses and profane ill -will. Wild spirit which art moving everywhere, I wish you d blasted well keep out of here. A.D.H. Third Year.
AN INVOCATION
If the strong arms of sleep should fold you round, The gentle and compelling arms of sleep; If it should happen that some time you keep A tryst with. Time in those vast halls, where sound Echoes the step of Death, as he goes crowned With poppy bloom; if somewhere from the deep, Abysmal gloom a sudden voice should leap To thee a choice of Life, and Death, profound, Pause not, but choose that everlasting Rest! And smiling, melt into the easeful gloom, Sleep, smiling on with softly heaving breast, Lest life should change thee more than the still tomb. Forever and forever, sleep thee blest. Thus might I find you when myself should come.
A.D.H. Third Year. 441
EDITORIAL
In our last issue our editorial took the watchword of "Loyalty" -
loyalty to our School, loyalty to Bathurst, and loyalty to ourselves.
This year it is "Courage."
Our High School must not be a mere institution for us, it should become a living part of our own selves; and the root matter of this is
courage.
The valour of ambition is one of the ruling forces of life and living.
If you are one of those "clever ones," of whom there are two or three in
every class, your aim is probably to be top this year. Isn t it? But,
supposing you belong, as you probably do, to the large majority of
borderliners, your aspirations will probably turn elsewhere.
In first year the hope is to one day become a bandit, a detective
or a millionaire, and, among the girls, a missionary, a nurse, or a movie
star; but, in any case, they show your desire for some particular form of
heroism, inspired by any sort of person, from Florence Nightingale to
Buffalo Bill. As you grow older, these ambitions change, and give place
to others equally heroic and equally vague. But real courage attacks the
two things, which are ready to be done now - this minute: your sport and
your school-work. Tackle these, hopeless and dull as either may seem,
and keep it up if you would be worthy of that person whom most of all you
worship and admire, your private hero or heroine.
We must have this courage to help our School and to help ourselves,
and, at least, we must not disgrace either. We need it to keep honestly
and doggedly to the work set us, though of course we often hate it.
It takes real pluck to stick up for the School Union all the time,
and it takes real grit never to try to wriggle out of home-work. 442
This may sound like a sermon, and abad one at that, but surely you
can see what I want to say.
Try - and keep on trying - that is courage. You will not reach the
Kingdom of Heaven next week, possibly never, but at least you can be the better for attempting it.
Then when you come to leave your High School it is not with feelings
of sorrow or relief. True you regret the school-life and its familiar
routine, but ahead of you lies the unguessed future, with its myriad
lures to be invaded. Standing without the lists, you hear the trumpet
calls, the clash of arms, and the cries of the warriors who are within.
You are young and eager to enter, and so from the school of knighthood
you enter the clanging conflict itself. Here you do battle right
valiantly until someday you attain that perfect gentleness that so
renowned the knights of olden times - the courage of the Paladins of God. 2 ALEX. HOPE (5th Year)
2. The signature is as printed in The Fortian. 443
- THE FIRST SONNET
Oh, I shall weave the tapestries of dreams, From out the magic of my woven words; Oh, soul, that sleepest midst the broken sherds Of old past life, wake now to nobler themes. Heed not thy Past, it was; and now but seems. Catch thou the thrilling music of the birds, Mark the swift runner, how his loins he girds, To race to that far splendid goal that gleams. Soul, thou hast slept too long! The morning breaks, And life must be thy shining bride to-day. Then rise and hasten to thy sweet love s side, Love - happy - thou! (For heart s desire he takes.) Oh, now rejoice, rejoice, that we may say, "The bridegroom goeth forth to claim the bride."
THE LAST SONNET A few more words before the darkness comes, Just a few words, and then my task is done. How my hand trembles! - It can waver on Another line - And this poor moment sums My life up in a word - The sere cold numbs These feverish fingers. Light will soon be gone, And with it life. I care not! I have won. (Listen! the dusk seems full of muffled drums.) A few words more! Oh, splendour of desire, How have I sought thee with a lover s soul! And now I die a lover s death, a fire Burns strong and clear within me; flaming them With momentary radiance at the goal, It flickers out - So I lay down the pen.
A.H. (5th Year). 444
CARMEN XXVII
Anacreonatic. Come boy, with old Falernian wine, Full-flavoured, crown this cup of mine, So she that rules the revelry (No grape more drunken), doth decree. Hence, hence, ye waters, where ye will, Bane of good wine begone to chill Inclemency. And - Ah, this wine, Is the right Bacchic, pure, divine.
A.H. (5th Year). 445
IMPRESSIONS OF A NEW BOY AT FORT STREET
His first thought is of the size of the place: "Good Heavens! I shall be lost in this pile!" At once he feels very, very small. The headmaster appears about forty feet high, and beams from an awful distance upon the minute creature below him. The masters stalk to and fro like
Titans. The number of class-rooms bewilders him and their swarming
inmates oppress his poor brain. He is utterly ignorant of those immemorial usages which form a common part of their lives - and he feels it. These boys are part of a venerable institution with manners, pride and spirit peculiarly their own; he is new, incognito, nothing.
Moreover, when he feels most that he must creep away into some dark
corner and hide himself, he is forced into strange class-roors, where he
is introduced blushing, to nearly forty persons in as many seconds. How
ever will he come to know them all! He is besieged with questions and has to talk to perfect strangers as bosom friends. He knov,-s everyone
and no-one all at once.
He is not extremely happy.
At lunch time, perhaps, he wanders out onto the grass to eat his
dinner. He hears groups talking of things to which he is yet alien - but,
at any-rate, they are good-humoured and interesting. He curbs up to the
library. Here are old friends behind the glass-cases. i■iany of these will
not call him "new," and all invite him to be friends.
He begins to get over his first feelings, and finds that these Fortians
are not going to eat him but are rather anxious to make him feel at home -
too anxious, some of them, who treat him like a brother and put inkwells
in his pockets and pin paper screeds on his back.
And so he progresses. 446
In a day or two he has proved himself at sport and knows his way about the class rooms. He hears the school-song and thinks it badly sung.
Later he joins in himself and finds that the spirit of that song defies the criticism that he levels at its singing.
He commits mistakes in French and Latin and the result is that he feels more at home than ever. They used to say things like that about his composition in the school from which he came out.
He makes a few friends, adopts the school slang, cribs his homework now and then, sings the school songs and plays the school games and forgets, in short, that he was ever anything save a Fortian himself.
A. HOPE, 5C. 447
APPENDIX III
November, 1923. THE BURR. 15
FIFTH YEAR STUDENTS.
Winners of First Prize in Open Dramatic Scene, Bathurst Eisteddfod Competitions, Easter, 1923.
Scene: "King Leer," Act I., Scene I.
Left to Right.—H. Mitchell (King of France), Hilda Kefford (Cordelia), B. Roberts (Duke of Cornwall), Jean Morrow (Regan), B. Stevenson (King Lear), R. Bayliss (Attendant), Dorothy Johnston (Goneril), K. King (Duke of Burgundy), R. Callaghan (Earl of Gloucester).
Absent.—A. Hope (Earl of Kent), H. Fogarty (Duke of Albany).
BE A HERO—HAVE YOUR NAME IN THE BURR, 448
Works Cited
Primary Sources
1. Books by A. D. Hope
(i) Poetry
A.D. Hope : Selected Poems. Australian Poets series. Sydney :
Angus and Robertson, 1963.
A.D. Hope : Selected Poems. Chosen and intro. by Ruth Morse.
Manchester : Carcanet New Press, 1985.
The Age of Reason. Carlton : Melbourne Univ. Press, 19 85.
Antechinus : Poems 19 75-19 80. Sydney : Angus and Robertson, 1981.
A Book of Answers. Sydney : Angus and Robertson, 1978.
Collected Poems 19 30-19 70. A and R Modern Poets ed. 1972;
rpt Sydney : Angus andRobertson, 19 77.
The Drifting Continent. Canberra : Brindabella Press, 1979.
Dunciad Minimus : An Heroic Poem. Profusely annotated by A.A.P.
and A.P. Melbourne MCML. Mimeographed. Canberra :
Australian National Univ. Press, 1963.
Dunciad Minor : An Heroick Poem. Profusely annotated by A.A.P.
and A.P. Carlton : Melbourne Univ. Press, 1970.
A Late Picking : Poems 1965-1974. Sydney : Angus and Robertson, 1975.
The Wandering Islands. Sydney : Edwards and Shaw, 1955.
(ii) Other Books
A.D. Hope Reads from His Own Work : Poets on Record 8. Gen. ed.
Thomas W. Shapcott. Booklet. St Lucia : Univ. of
Queensland Press, 19 72. 449
The Cave and the Spring : Essays on Poetry. 2nd ed. Sydney :
Sydney Univ. Press, 1974.
Directions in Australian Poetry. Foundation for Australian
Literary Studies 1984. Townsville : James Cook Univ. of
North Queensland, 1984.
A Midsummer Eve s Dream : Variations on a Theme by William Dunbar.
Canberra : Australian National Univ. Press, 1970.
Native Companions : Essays and Comments on Australian Literature
1936-1966. Sydney : Angus and Robertson, 1974.
The New Cratylus : Notes on the Craft of Poetry. Melbourne :
Oxford Univ. Press, 1979.
The Pack of Autolycus. Canberra : Australian National Univ.
Press, 1978.
The Structure of Verse and Prose. Sydney : Australasian Medical
Publishing Co., 1938.
The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus by Christopher Marlowe
Purged and Amended by .A.D. Hope. Canberra : Australian
National Univ. Press, 1982.
2. Prose Articles by A.D. Hope in Other Books
Untitled comments. Following Craig McGregor, "A.D. Hope."
In In the Making. By Craig McGregor. Melbourne : Nelson,
1949, p.234.
"Day-time and Night-time Vision." Address delivered at degree
conferring ceremony at Australian National Univ., 6 April
1972. In Australian Voices : Poetry and Prose of the 1970s,
ed. Rosemary Dobson. Canberra : Fellowship of Australian
Writers in Assoc. with A.N.U. Press, 1975, pp.181-83. 450
Introduction. In Siren and Satyr : The Personal Philosophy of
Norman Lindsay. South Melbourne : Sun Books Pty Ltd, 1976,
pp.3-8.
Introductory Note. In Beatrice, Being the Sonnets of Louise
Labs. Trans. Martin Haley. Brisbane : The Translator,
1964, p.1.
"Teaching Australian Literature." In An Introduction to Australian
Literature. Ed. C.D. Narasimhaiah. Milton, Q. : John Wiley
and Sons, 1982, pp.157-65.
"Standards in Australian Literature." Current Affairs Bulletin,
19,3, 26 November 1956, pp.35-47. Rpt in Australian Literary
Criticism. Ed. Grahame Johnston. Melbourne : Oxford Univ.
Press, 1962, pp.1-15.
3. Poems by A.D. Hope in Sources Cited Additional to Hope s Volumes
of Poetry
"After Hearing the Aria, Se Tu M Ami (Pergolesi)."
Hermes, 34, 1, Lent 1928, p.21.
"Argolis." Poetry Australia, 8, February 1966, p.6.
"Australia." Meanjin, 2, 1, 1943, p.42.
"The Ballad of Dan Homer." Playboy, 18, 12, 1971, pp.224-5.
Rpt in Comic Australian Verse. Ed. Geoffrey Lehmann.
Sydney : Angus and Robertson, 1972, pp.171-2.
"The Ballad of Sloe-eyed Sal." Quadrant, 142, 23, 5, May 1979, p.43.
"Call Up - 1943." No.1 July, 1943. Cremorne : printed by
Garry Lyle, 1943, n. pag.
"Conservation Conversation." Sydney Morning Herald, 12 June 1982,
p.38. 451
"Carmen XXVII." The Burr, The Magazine of Bathurst High School,
November 1923, p.22.
"Dunciad Minimus." Unpublished. Comp. 1950.
"The Elixir of Scotland." ANU Staff Centre Christmas 1983 Wine
List. Canberra : n.p., 1983, n. pag.
"Ephemera (An Experiment in English Choriambics)." Arts Journal,
8, 2, Trinity 1925, p.37.
"The Female Principle." Westerly, 2, June 1975, p.7.
"The First Sonnet." The Burr, The Magazine of Bathurst High
School. November 1923, p.10.
"Flora." Arts Journal, 8, 1, Lent 1925, p.18.
"Footnotes to History" : "The Bishop of Ross s Errand," "The
Language of Love," "Memoire d Outre-Tombe," Helix, 11-12,
1982, pp.74-7.
"For Brian Elliott." In Mapped But Not Known : The Australian
Landscape of the Imagination. Essays and Poems presented
to Brian Elliott, LXXV, 11 April 1985. Ed. P.R. Eaden and
F.H. Mares. Netley, S.A. : Wakefield Press, 1986, p.xiii.
"Hearing the Lark" or "The Bird." Fragments. C. Matters, "The
Poetry of A.D. Hope and J. McAuley," Wentworth Medal for
Undergraduates Essay, March 1956, Fisher Library, Univ. of
Sydney, p.2 . Leonie Kramer, A. D.Hope . Australian Writers
and Their Work. Gen. ed. Grahame Johnston. Melbourne :
Oxford Univ. Press, 1979, p.7. Hope, The Structure of Verse
and Prose. Sydney : Australasian Medical Publishing Co.,
19 38, p.6.
"Helen in Sanctuary." Arts Journal, 8, 1, Lent 192 8, pp.14-15. 452
"Intimations of Mortality." Quadrant, 177, 26, 5, May 1982, p.20.
"Invitation to a Resurrection." Times Literary Supplement,
9 April 1976, p.410.
"An Invocation." The Burr, The Magazine of Bathurst High School,
November 1922, p.48.
"Jindyworobak Vista." Number Two, 1944. Cremorne : printed by
Harry Hooton, 1944, n. pag.
"A Jubilate for the Late Council." Meanjin, 25, 2, 1966, p.171.
"The Judgement." Hermes, 46, 1, 940, n. pag.
"The Lake." Australian National Review, 5, 26, February 1939,
pp .48-50.
"The Last Sonnet." The Burr, The Magazine of Bathurst High
School, November 192 3, p.10.
"Le Coucheur du Soleil Romantique." Number Two, 1944. Cremorne :
printed by Harry Hooton, 1944, n. pag.
"The Market." Arts Journal, 8, 2, Trinity 1925, pp.36-7.
"Necrophile." Poetry, Quarterly of Australian and New Zealand
Verse, 8, September 1943, n. pag. Rpt in Poets of Australia :
An Anthology of Australian Verse. Chosen by George Mackaness.
Sydney : Angus and Robertson, 1946, p.198.
"The New Cavalier." The Pauline, Journal of St Paul s College,
Univ. of Sydney, 29, 1931, p.32.
"The New Woman (Variations on a Theme by Oliver Goldsmith)."
Sydney Morning Herald, 9 October 19 82, p.3 7.
"Nightmare." Meanjin, 41, 4, 1982, p.437.
"Ode to the Sea." The Burr, The Magazine of Bathurst High School,
November 1922, p.1 8.
"On Reading Longus on the Bus." Hermes, 33, 1, Lent 1927, p.12. 453
"On the Night Shift." Overland, 100, September 1985, pp.62-3.
"Rain. Australian National Review, 6, 32, August 1939, pp.67-8.
"Rainbow Cake (For Max Harris s very last Birthday)." Number Two,
1944. Cremorne : printed by Harry Hooton, 1944, n. pag.
"The Road to Compostela : a ballad from Limoges." Helix, 16,
1983, pp.37-8.
"Rough-Riders in the Chariot." Quadrant, 166, 25, 6, June 1980,
p.70.
"St. Mary the Gipsy." Hermes, 39, 3, Michaelmas 1933, pp.5-6.
"The Sense of Time." The Pauline, Journal of St Paul s College,
Univ. of Sydney, 29, 1931, p.31.
"Song." The Pauline, Journal of St Paul s College, Univ. of
Sydney, 29, 1931, p.53.
"Third Year s Ode to the West Wind." The Burr, The Magazine of
Bathurst High School, November 1922, p.26.
"The Tides of Bralma." Hermes, 33, 3, Michaelmas 1927, p.217.
"Transplant Songs" : "Cri de Coeur," "Private Parts," "Burglar
Bill," "Christian Barnard," "Change of Heart," "Love Duet,"
"Resurrection Blues," Quadrant, 182, 26, 10, 1982, pp.50-51.
"The Vampire." In Poets of Australia : An Anthology of Australian
Verse. Chosen by George Mackaness. Sydney : Angus and
Robertson, 1946, pp.196-97.
"Variation on a Theme by Stdphane Mallarmd." The Pauline,
Journal of St Paul s College, Univ. of Sydney, 29, 1931, p.22.
"Visitant." Sydney Morning Herald, 18 December 1982, p. 31.
"Western Elegies" : "Western Elegy I : The Aeroplane," "Western
Elegy II : The Hoopoe," "Western Elegy III : The Loves of
the Plants," "Western Elegy IV : The Tongues." Quadrant,
160, 124, 12, 1980, pp.32-5. 454
"The Wind." Australian National Review, 5, 29, 1 May 1939, p.35.
"Wytham Woods." Section quoted in Leonie Kramer, A.D.Hope,
Australian Writers and Their Work. Gen. ed. Grahame Johnston
(Melbourne : Oxford Univ. Press, 1979) , p. 7.
4. Dramatic Writings by A.D. Hope
"An Interview in Hades." Arts Journal, 9, 1, Trinity 1926,
pp.21-3.
"The Heroes of Heorot or Epic Etiquette : a tragedy." Hermes,
33, 1, Lent 1927, pp.48-52.
"Ladies from the Sea." To be published,. See Peter Ryan,
"Hope : Endangered Species." Saturday Extra, supplement
to Melbourne Age, 18 July 1987, p.10.
5 Recording
Hope, A.D. "On Being a Poet." Talk to H.S.C. students.
Sydney . ABC Radio, 30 July 1973.
6. Articles, Essays and Talks by A.D. Hope in Sources Cited Other
Than Books
"The Age of Provisional Man." The Occasional Address delivered
at Univ. of New England Graduation Ceremony, 14 April 1973.
External Studies Gazette, Univ. of N.E., 17, 3, 1973, pp.3-4.
"Australian Literature and the Universities." Meanjin, 13, 2,
1954, pp.165-9.
"Butchered, to Make a Roman Holiday." Ludus et Ludi, Leslie
House School Quarterly Magazine, April 1919, p.8. Archives
Office of Tasmania, NS 684/10. 455
"The Case of Ern Malley." Undated lecture (ca 1959). The Hope
Papers, Menzies Library, Australian National Univ.
A 42fPR9619.3 . H65A8 G109872. Typescript. 22 pp.
Described in Joy Hooton, A.D. Hope. Melbourne : Oxford
Univ. Press, 1979. Item 1159, p.132, as G6 F8.
"Censorship and the University." Based on address to SRC, Univ.
of Adelaide, July 1955. Prometheus, 1956, pp.52-6.
"The Corpse." Arts Journal, 8, 1, Lent 1925, pp.24-5.
"Echo." The Burr, The Magazine of Bathurst High School, November
1922, pp.15-17.
Editorial. The Burr. The Magazine of Bathurst High School,
November 1923, p.S.
"The Ern Malley Affair." Lecture delivered on 1958 visit to
Canada. The Hope Papers, Menzies Library, Australian
National Univ. : A 42fPR9619.3 . H6554 G109881. Typescript.
11 pp. Described in Joy Hooton, A.D. Hope. Melbourne :
Oxford Univ. Press, 1979. Item 1021, p.117, as G2.
"The Esthetic Theory of James Joyce." Australasian Journal of
Philosophy and Psychology, 21, 2 and 3, 1943, pp.93-114.
Graduation address delivered at Monash University, 19 May 1976.
Mimeographed. 5 pp. No title.
"Guest of Honour." Radio Special Projects/TH, Australian
Broadcasting Commission, 2FC, 24 December 1972. Mimeographed.
5 pp. Idiom, 9, 1, 1974, pp.15-17.
"Henry Handel Richardson s Maurice Guest." Meanj in, 14, 2,
1955, pp.186-99. Rpt with enlarged title, "Inspiration
and Possession : Henry Handel Richardson s Maurice Guest,"
in Native Companions : Essays and Comments on Australian
Literature 1936-1966. Sydney : Angus and Robertson, 1974,
pp.246-61. 456
"Impressions of a New Boy at Fort Street," The Fortian, Magazine
of Fort Street Boys High School. June 1924, p.32.
"John Shaw Neilson." CLF Seminar. Series, "Representative
Australian Poets," Brisbane 1954. The Hope Papers, Menzies
Library, Australian National Univ. Typescript. 8 pp.
Described in Joy Hooton, A.D. Hope. Melbourne : Oxford
Univ. Press, 1979. Item 1161, p.132, G6 F10.
"Lecture V. John Shaw Neilson." Lecture delivered on 1958
visit to Canada. The Hope Papers, Menzies Library,
Australian National Univ. Typescript. 14 pp. Described in
Joy Hooton, A. D. Hope. Melbourne : Oxford Univ. Press,
1979. Item 1022, p.118, G2.
"A Letter to a Mathematician." Hermes, 33, 2, Trinity 1927, pp.
101-3.
"The Meaning of Good." Australasian Journal of Philosophy and
Psychology, 21, 1, 1943, pp.17-26.
"Notes on Poetry." Meanjin, 21, 2, 1962, pp.164-7.
"Passages in India." Quadrant, June 1977, pp.15-16.
"Poetry and the Art of Archery." Quadrant, 149, 23, 12, pp.4-7.
"Poetry as Journalism." Westerly, no vol., 3, September 1975,
pp.59-64.
"The Provincial Muse 1888-1900." Talk given at "Seminar on the
Australian 1890s." Humanities Research Centre, Australian
National Univ., August 1975. Australian Literary Studies,
8, 1, 1977, pp.16-28.
"Psycho-Analysis and Poetry." Southerly, 1, 1, 1939, pp.25-9. 457
"A Reply to What is Art? " Arts Journal, 9, 2, Michaelmas
1926, pp.48-9.
"Safe Conduct : The Poet and the Soviet State." Helix, 7-8,
1981, pp.156•64.
"Some Typical Australian Books." Discussion Course E.15.
13 November 1945. Meanjin Archive, 2/2/12.
"The Study of English." Inaugural Lecture. Canberra Univ.
College, 2 May 1952. Mimeographed. 11 pp. Canberra, 1952.
Held in Fisher Library, Univ. of Sydney.
"Talking to God : The Poetry of Francis Webb." Poetry Australia,
56, September 1975, pp.31-35.
"Talking to the Void." Bulletin Literary Supplement,
30 June 1981, pp.2-5.
In "These are the Books That Really Matter." Contribution to
article composed by Mary Rose Trainor. Sydney Morning
Herald, 14 August 1982, p.30.
"Trees." Hermes, 33, 1, Lent 1927, pp.33-5.
"The Woman of Today." Vogue Australia, 16, 5, June-July 1972,
pp•57-8.
7. Reviews by A.D. Hope
Hope, A.D. Rev. of The Abbey of St. Death, by Wallace Maher.
Hermes, 34, 1, Lent 1928, p.42.
"Books." Rev. of Christopher Brennan and His Poetry, by
A.R. Chisholm. Meanjin, 6, 1, 1947, pp.54-5.
"Childe Anderson Comes to the Dark Tower." Rev. of "Art and
Morality," by John Anderson. Honi Soit,14, 2, 2 April
1942, p.2.
"Confessions of a Zombi." Rev. of The Vegetative Eye, by Max 458
Harris. Meanjin, 3, 1, 1944, pp.44-8. Rpt without title
in A.D. Hope, Native Companions : Essays and Comments on
Australian Literature 1936-1966. Sydney : Angus and
Robertson, 1974.
"Corroboree on Parnassus." Rev. of Content are the Quiet Ranges
and Unknown Land, by Rex Ingamells, Their Seven Stars Unseen
and The Australian Dream, by Ian Mudie, Jindyworobak
Anthology, 1943, ed. Flexmore Hudson, First Harvest, by
Arthur Murphy. Meanjin, 3, 2, 1944, pp.110-12.
Rev. of The Dance of Death, by August Strindberg. Hermes, 33,
3, Michaelmas 1927, pp.197-8.
Rev. of Deep Well, by Roland Robinson. Poetry Magazine, November
1962, pp.24-6.
"Four and Twenty Blackbirds." Rev. of New Poems 1954 : A P.E.N.
Anthology, ed. Rex Warner, Christopher Hassell, Laurie Lee.
Sydney Morning Herald, 12 February 1955, p.11.
"Paradox and Parable." Rev. of Shaw Neilson, by James Devaney.
Southerly, 6, 4, 1945, pp.43-5.
"Prolonging our Literary Adolescence." Rev. of Australian Bush
Ballads, ed. Douglas Stewart and Nancy Keesing. Sydney
Morning Herald, 19 November 1955, p.12.
8. Letters
Hope, A.D. Letter to Clem Christesen. 20 June 1943. Meanjin
Archive, 1/1/4.
. Letter to Clem Christesen. 1 January 1944.
Meanjin Archive, 1/1/5.
. Letter to Clem Christesen. 22 June 1944.
Meanjin Archive, 1/1/11. 459
. Letter to Clem Christesen. 25 June 1944.
Meanjin Archive, 1/1/12.
• Letter to Clem Christesen. 10 March 1955.
Meanjin Archive, 1/1/78.
et al. Letter. "Literature in Chains."
Sydney Morning Herald, 23 April 1955, p.15.
• Letter to present writer. 21 February 1985.
. Letter to present writer. 22 October 1985.
. Letter to present writer. 20 September 1987.
9. Interviews
"A.D. Hope : Poet First, Critic Second." ANU Reporter,
4, 9, 22 June 1973, p.3.
"Daytime Thoughts about the Night Shift : Alec Hope talks to
Peter Kuch and Paul Kavanagh." Southerly, 47, 2, 1986,
pp.221-31.
"Poetry in Australia : A.D. Hope." ABC interview, with
John Thompson. Telecast 1965. Southerly, 26, 4, 1966,
pp.237-46.
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2. Articles
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"Some Remarks on Academic Freedom." Australasian
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Baker, A.J. "John Anderson and Freethought." Australian Quarterly,
34, 4, 1962, pp.50-63.
Blackman, Barbara (Castor 28). "Argonaut Defends Surrealism."
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Brissenden, R.F. "A.D. Hope s The Double Looking Glass : A
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"Meaniin s 25th Anniversary." Australian, 11 December
1965, p.10.
"A Call to the People." Melbourne Argus, 12 November
1951, p.7. 472
Coleman, Peter. "Literary Gang Warfare." Sydney Observer,
2 April 1960, pp.5-7. de Hartog, Harry. "Super-Realism." Manuscripts (Victoria), 12,
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Dobson, Eric J. "Book Club." Report of address by A.D. Pope.
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"Dr. Freud, Psycho-Analyst, Dies in England." Sun News-Pictorial,
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Editorial, Angry Penguins, December 1944, pp.2-3.
"English Comment on Ern Malley." Fact s London News Bureau.
Fact : The Up-to-the-minute Australian news-review, Supplement
to Sunday Sun, Sydney, 9 July 1944, p.3.
"Ern Malley, the great poet or the greatest hoax?" Fact : The Up-to-
the-minute Australian pews-review, Supplement to Sunday Sun,
Sydney, 18 June 1944, pp.1 and 4.
"Ern Malley s honor for oxoplasm." Fact : The Up-to-the-minute
Australian news-review, Supplement to Sunday Sun, Sydney,
2 July 1944, p.4.
"Ern Malley, Poet of Debunk : Full story from the two Authors."
Fact : The Up -to-the-minute Australian news-review, Supplement
to Sunday Sun, Sydney, 25 June 1944, p.4.
Fairbairn, Anne. "Poet s Debut in Playboy." Australian, 28 November
1971, p.l.
"Fifth Year Students," The Burr, The Magazine of Bathurst High School,
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Frost, Alan. "On Finding Australia : Mirages, Mythic Images,
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"Give a Vermilion Dog Its Due - Even If Painted on a Yellow Landscape."
Sydney Daily Telegraph, 30 June 1938, p.5.
Gleeson, James. "What is Surrealism?" Art in Australia, 25 November
1940, pp.27-30.
Green, Dorothy and Sandra Burchill. "Australian Studies : The
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Green, Dorothy. "The Chameleon Poet." Adult Education, December
1967, pp.6-12.
"The Cloud-foot Unwary." One of sixteen articles on
the Ern Malley poems in Angry Penguins, December 1944, pp.4-21.
Rpt in Dorothy Green. The Music of Love. Ringwood : Penguin,
1984.
Harris, Max. "Angry Penguins and After." Quadrant, 7, 1, 1963, pp.5-10.
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Holmes, J.D. (J.D.H.) "What is Art?" Arts Journal, 2,
Michaelmas 1926, pp.46-7.
"What is Art? - A Reply to A.D.H." Arts Journal,
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Hooton, Harry. "O.M. Somerville." Number Three, 1948, pp.12-15.
"Psoelm." Number Two, 1944, n. pag.
Horne, Donald. "Portrait of an Un-Australian." The Observer,
Sydney, 4 October 1958, pp.517-18.
Hutley, F.C. "Book Club." Report of a talk by A.D. Hope. Union
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Johnson, Paul. "Beware the Intellectuals." Weekend Australian,
24-25 January 1987, p.16. 474
Kaplan, Marion. "Djibouti, Tiny New Nation on Africa s Horn."
National Geographic, 154, 4, October 1978, pp.518-33.
King, Bruce. "A.D. Hope and Australian Poetry." Sewanee Review,
87, 1, 1979, pp.119-41.
Leonard, John. "Accessibility and Myth : Gig Ryan and A.D. Hope."
Meanjin, 44, 3, 1985, pp.413-19.
Ludus et Ludi, April 1919, p. 12,and June 1920, p.18. Archives Office
of Tasmania,NS684/10. Copies of these pages only were supplied
to the present writer. The entry for April 1919, p.12, is
titled "Boys Sports."
Lyle, Garry. "In Explanation." No. 1 July, 1943, n. pag.
Macainsh, Noel. "A.D. Hope s Malthusian Muse : Lubricious Disaster."
Quadrant, 209, 29, 3, 1985, pp.58-63.
"Christopher Brennan and Die Romantik i ." Southerly,
23, 3, 1963, pp.150-63.
Matters, C. ("Ithamore"). "The Poetry of A.D. Hope and J. McAuley."
Typescript. Wentworth Medal for Undergraduates Essay, March
1956. Fisher Library, Univ. of Sydney.
McAuley, James. Memoirs and Memories." Quadrant, 105, 20, 4,
1976, pp.9-11.
Milliss, Roger. "The Poets Stand Up and Are Numbered." Tribune,
16 October 1968, pp.6-7.
Morse, Ruth. "Editing A.D. Hope." Australian Literary Studies,
12, 4, October 1986, pp.499-509.
"The Poetry of A.D. Hope. Poetry Nation Review,
11/3, 41, 1984, pp.34-7.
Page of roll of Leslie House School, Hobart. Archives Office of
Tasmania, NS 684/1. 475
Passmore, John A. "Commemorating John Anderson." Times Literary
Supplement, 9 April 1976, p.416.
"Psycho-Analysis and Aesthetics." Australasian Journal
of Philosophy and Psychology, 14, 2, 1936, pp.127-44.
The Pauline, Journal of. St Paul s College, Univ. of Sydney, 29, 1931,
p.7 and 30, 1932, p.7.
Phillips, A.A. "The Cultural Cringe." Meanjin, 9, 4, 1950,
pp.299-302. Rpt in A.A. Phillips, The Australian Tradition :
Studies in Colonial Culture. 2nd ed. Melbourne :
Cheshire, 1966, pp.112-17.
"Poem View." Courier-Mail, Brisbane, 21 June 1955, p.8.
Riddell, Elizabeth. "Dunciad Minor comes out of hiding." Australian,
7 November 1970, p.18.
Roper, Sheila L. "An Exhumation : A.D. Hope s Short Pathology of
Imagism." Helix, 13-14, 1983, pp.191-4.
ROstvig, Maren-Sophie. "Andrew Marvell s The Garden : A Hermetic
Poem." English Studies, 40, 1, 1959, pp.65-76.
" Upon Appleton House and the Universal History of Man."
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Rowbotham, David. "SEX POEM LECTURER is the man who hoaxed the
HIGHBROWS." Brisbane Courier-Mail, 23 June 1955, p.2.
Ryan, Peter. "Hope : Endangered Species." Saturday Extra supplement
to Melbourne Age, 18 July 1987, p.10.
Sayers, Stuart. "Their Work as Ways of Life." Melbourne Age,
27 November 1976, p.18.
Smith, Vivian. "Christopher Brennan and Arthur Symons." Southerly,
27, 3, 1967, pp.221-2.
Suchting, W.A. "The Poetry of A.D. Hope : A Frame of Reference."
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Taylor, Andrew. "A.D. Hope : The Double Tongue of Harmony."
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Wallace-Crabbe, C. "Three Faces of Hope." Meanjin, 26, 4,
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Webb. Edwin. "Dualities and Their Resolution in the Poetry of
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3. Reviews
Anderson, John. "Freudianism and Society." Rev, of Superstition
and Society, by R. Money-Kyrle, Civilisation, War and Death -
Selections from Three Works by Sigmund Freud, ed. John
Rickman, "Psycho-analytical Epitomes," Nos. 3 and 4,
Australasian Journal of Philosophy and Psychology. 28,
June 1940, pp.50-68.
Brissenden, R.F. "A.D. Hope s New Poems." Southerly, 30, 2,
1970, pp.83-96.
"The Wounded Hero : James McAuley s Collected Poems
1936-1970." Southerly, 32, 4, 1972, pp.267-78.
Brooks, David. "Hope on the Fault-line." Rev. of Antechinus :
Poems 1975-1980, by A.D. Hope. Westerly, 4, December 1982,
pp.127-8.
Campbell, David. "The Brutal Mouth of Song." Rev, of The
Wandering Islands, by A.D. Hope. Southerly, 17, 1, 1956,
pp.91-3.
Clarke, Donovan. "Corkscrews and Sledgehammers." Rev. of
Number Two, 1944. Southerly, 6, 1, 1945, pp.53-4. 477
Elliott, Brian. Rev. of In the Wind s Teeth, by Flexmore Hudson.
Australian Quarterly, 12, 1, 1940, pp.111-13.
Green, Dorothy. "A Mark for the Arrow? A.D. Hope s Dunciad
Minor." Meanjin, 29, 4, 1970, pp.424-29.
Haley, Martin (M.H.). "Poems by A.D. Hope." Rev. of Collected
Poems 1930-1965 The Advocate, Melbourne, 28 April 1966,
p.18.
Heseltine, H.P. "Paradise Within : A.D. Hope s New Poems."
Meanjin, 29, 4, 1970, pp.405-20.
Horne, Donald. " Angry Penguins a Trifle Incoherent." Rev, of
Angry Penguins, 2. Honi Soit, 18, 25 October 1941, p.2.
Lehmann, Geoffrey. "Just Being Themselves." Rev. of Australian
Poetry 1968. Ed. Dorothy Auchterlonie. Bulletin,
21 September 1968, p.67.
Martin, David. "Unhappy Poet." Rev. of The Wandering Islands,
by A.D. Hope. Overland, 9, Autumn 1957, p.36.
Morrison, Blake. "Tales of Hofmann." Rev, of A.D. Hope :
Selected Poems, sel. Ruth Morse, and five books by other
authors. London Review of Books, 20 November 1986, p.11.
Murray, Les. "The Great Federal Poetry Takeover Plot." Rev, of
Devil s Rock and Other Poems 1970-1972 and Deaths and
Pretty Cousins, by David Campbell, A Late Picking, by
A.D. Hope. National Times, 12-17 April 1976, pp.23-24.
Page, Geoff. "The Poets of Canberra." Rev. of Deaths and Pretty
Cousins, by David Cam pbell, A Late Picking, by A.D. Hope,
Building a Terrace, by R.F. Brissenden, The Skald Mosaic,
by Alan Gould, Songs from Another Country, by Phillip Mead.
Canberra Times, 9 January 1976, p.6. 478
Phillips, A.A. "Poetry Chronicle." Rev. of The Wandering Islands,
by A.D. Hope. Meanjin, 14, 4, 1955, pp.569-71.
Pybus, Rodney. Rev. of Antechinus : Poems 1975-1980, by
A.D. Hope. Meanjin, 42, June 1983, pp.253-6.
Rodriguez, Judith. "Poetry." Rev. of The Age of Reason, by
A.D. Hope, Sydney Morning Herald, 3 August 1985, p.46.
Stewart, Douglas. "A.D. Hope Arrives." Rev, of The Wandering
Islands. Bulletin, 19 October 1955, p.2.
Wright, Judith. "Poetry and Possession." Rev. of Poems, y
A.D. Hope. The Bulletin, 1 March 1961, p.2.
Zwicky, Fay. "The Prophetic Voice." Rev. of A Late Picking :
Poems 1965-1974, by A.D. Hope. Westerly, 2, June 1976,
pp.86-9.
4. Letters
Dutton, Geoffrey. Letter to present writer. 4 November 1986.
Letter to present writer. 23 September 1987.
Eaden, P.R. Letter to present writer. 22 April 1987.
Hamilton, J.S. President, Victorian Fellowship of Australian
Writers. Letter to present writer. 11 July 1987.
Helson, Valerie, Acting Manuscript Librarian, Australian
Collections and Services, National Library of Australia.
Letter to present writer. 10 August 1987.
Kelly, Patricia. Document Archivist, ABC. Letter to present
writer. 8 April 1987.
Lindsay, Elaine. Project Officer, Australia Council. Letter
to present writer, undated, received 1 October 1987. 479
Lindsay, Norman. Letter to Keinieth Slessor. 11 October 1945.
Slessor Papers, NLA MS 3020/1/79.
Marks, E. Letter. "Why study such poetry ?" Courier-Mail,
24 June 1955, p.2.
McLeod, Kerrie. Sales Manager, Hale and Iremonger Pty Limited
Letter to present writer. 10 October 1987.
Rimbaud. Letter to Georges Izambard. [13j May 1871. In Rimbaud.
Ed. Oliver Bernard. 1962; rpt Baltimore, Maryland : Penguin
Books, 1969, p.6.
. Letter to Paul Demeny. 15 May 1871. In Rimbaud.
Ed. Oliver Bernard. 1962; rpt Baltimore, Maryland : Penguin
Books, 1969, pp.7-17.
Rowbottom [sic], David. Letter. "Poets as Journalists."
Sydney Morning Herald. 22 February 1955, p.2.
Ryan, Peter. Manager, Melbourne Univ. Press. Letter to present
writer. 18 August 1987.
Swan, D. Director-General of Education, N.S.W. Letter to present
writer. 22 March 1985.
Winder, R.B. Director-General of Education. Letter to present
writer. 1 October 1986.
Woodburn, Susan, Special Collections Librarian, Barr Smith Library,
Univ. of Adelaide. Letter to present writer. 17 July 1987.
5. Poems
Buckley, Vincent. "For A.D. Hope." Meanjin, 15, 1, 1956, p.76.
Harris, Max. "Cathartic," "Love Song of the Bourgeoisie who got
out of step/With the march of time," "The Ocean".
Angry Penguins, September 1943, n. pag. 480
"The Pelvic Rose (to Salvador Dali)." Angry Penguins,
2, 1941, pp.22-7.
Heine. "Schopfungslieder" ("Songs of Creation"). In Twenty
German Poets. Trans. Walter Kaufmann. New York : Random
House Inc., 1962, p.101.
Hooton, Harry. "Geometry for Beginners." No.1 July, 1943, n. pag.
McAuley, James. "Philoctetes." In Under Aldebaran. Carlton :
Melbourne Univ. Press, 1946, pp.22-25.
6. Telephone Interview
Hope, Penelope. Telephone interview. 8 December 1987.
7. Storyboard
Sir Sidney No; in : Landscapes and Legends, A Retrospective
Exhibition 1937-1987. At Art Gallery of N.S.W. 11 August-
27 September 1987.
8. Photograph Caption
Severin, Tim. "The Quest for Ulysses." National Geographic,
172, 2, August 1986, pp.197-225.
9. Illustrations
Botticelli, Sandro. "Primavera." Uffizi, Florence. In
A History of Italian Renaissance Art : Painting Sculpture
Architecture. By Frederick Hartt. London : Thames and
Hudson, 1970, p.289.
Dali, Salvador. "L Homme Fleur". In Addled Art. By Lionel
Lindsay. Sydney : Angus and Robertson, 1912, between pp 34-5.
Photograph in this study : "Memory of the Child-Woman."
Morse Charitable Trust. On loan to Salvador Dali Museum,
St Petersburg, Florida. In Robert Descharnes. Salvador 481
Dali : The Work The Man. Trans. Eleanor R. Morse. New
York : Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1984, p.125.
Gleeson, James. "We Inhabit the Corrosive Littoral of Habit."
National Gallery of Victoria. In Australian Painting 1788-
1960. By Bernard Smith. Melbourne : Oxford Univ. Press,
1962, p.231.
Holbein, Hans, the Younger. "Die Edelfraw (The Noble Lady)."
Engraving for the Dance of Death. Larousse Encyclopaedia
of Renaissance and Baroque Art. Gen. ed. Rend Huyghe.
London : Paul Hamlyn, 1964, p.155.
Lindsay, Norman. In Siren and Satyr The Personal Philosophy
of Norman Lindsay. Intro. A.D. Hope. South Melbourne :
Sun Books Pty Ltd, 1976, p.7. "Plates," p.9 : The line
decorations ... are taken from Vision, ... 1923, and from
the 1926 edition of Lysistrata.
Magritte, Rene. "La Dame." Photograph, Paul Bijtebier. In
Surr6alisme et Sexualitd. By Xaviere Gauthier. Editions
Gallimard, 1971, pp.116, 370.
Pluto and Persephone in the Kingdom of Hades. French MS
illumination to Ovid. Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris.
In Heaven and Hell in Western Art. By Robert Hughes.
London : Weidenfeld and Nicholson, 1968, pp.192-3, 297.