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C U LT U R A L R E S O U R C E S S T U D Y

CARMEL RIVER BANK STABILIZATION AT RANCHO SAN CARLOS ROAD
CARMEL, MONTEREY COUNTY, CALIFORNIA

Confidential - Not for Public Distribution

This report contains confidential cultural resources location information; report distribution should be restricted to those with a need to know. Cultural resources are nonrenewable and their scientific, cultural, and aesthetic values can be significantly impaired by disturbance. To deter vandalism, artifact hunting, and other activities that can damage cultural resources, the locations of cultural resources should be kept confidential. The legal authority to restrict cultural resources information is in Section 304 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended, and California Government Section Code 6254.10 exempts archaeological sites from the California Public Records Act requiring that public records be open to public inspection.

June 2018

C U LT U R A L R E S O U R C E S S T U D Y

CARMEL RIVER BANK STABILIZATION AT RANCHO SAN CARLOS ROAD
CARMEL, MONTEREY COUNTY, CALIFORNIA

Submitted to:
Larry Hampson, District Engineer Monterey Peninsula Water District
P.O. Box 85
Monterey, California 93942

Prepared by:
Lora Holland, M.A., RPA 989173 E. Timothy Jones, M.A., RPA 15531
LSA
157 Park Place
Point Richmond, California 94801
510.236.6810

LSA Project No. MPW1701

June 2018

CU L T U R AL RE SO U R CE S STU D Y JU N E 2018
CA R M E L RI V E R BA N K STA B I L I Z A TI O N A T RAN C H O SAN CAR L O S RO AD
CA R M E L , MO N TE R E Y CO U N T Y , CAL I FO R N I A

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

LSA conducted this cultural resources study for the proposed Carmel River Bank Stabilization at Rancho San Carlos Road Project (project) in Carmel, Monterey County, California. Because the Monterey Peninsula Water District (Water District) is applying for a Nationwide Permit with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers San Francisco District (Corps), the Corps is required to address requirements of Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act for this undertaking prior to issuance of the permit, including Section 106 implementing regulations at 36 Code of Federal

Regulations (CFR) Part 800 and Corps Procedures for the Protection of Historic Properties (33 CFR

325, Appendix C). The study consisted of background research, including a records search and a literature review of the proposed Area of Potential Effects; a pedestrian field survey; a Sacred Lands File search request with the Native American Heritage Commission; and consultation with local Native American tribes and interested parties. These tasks were completed to identify historic properties in the Area of Potential Effects and to assess the potential for cultural resources that may qualify as historic properties, as defined under 36 CFR 800.16(l)(1) and 33 CFR 325(1)(b), Appendix C.

LSA’s study identified the Rancho San Carlos Road Sedge Bed (sedge bed) within the Area of Potential Effects. This sedge bed represents a Native American plant gathering area on the bank of Carmel River that is an important source of Santa Barbara sedge (Carex barbarae) for the Rumsen Ohlone. This property appears eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places under Criterion A due to its association with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our history, namely as a location where present-day and ancestral Rumsen Ohlone gathered sedge for basket making.

To avoid a potential adverse effect to a historic property, the Water District—in consultation with the Corps and Native American tribes—is proposing temporary protective fencing around the sedge bed to exclude project activities from this area. This protective fencing would be subject to an Environmentally Sensitive Area Action Plan, which is attached to this report. This Action Plan describes the schedule for implementation of this protective measure as well as those parties and individuals responsible for installation of the fencing and its enforcement. With installation of the protective fencing around the sedge bed, a finding of No Adverse Effect is appropriate for this undertaking.

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CA R M E L RI V E R BA N K STA B I L I Z A TI O N A T RAN C H O SAN CAR L O S RO AD
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY............................................................................................................................. i TABLE OF CONTENTS.............................................................................................................................. ii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS............................................................................................ iv

1.0 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................ 1-1 2.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ..................................................................................... 2-3

2.1 Background .......................................................................................................................2-3 2.2 Proposed Project...............................................................................................................2-3

3.0 AREA OF POTENTIAL EFFECTS / PERMIT AREA................................................... 3-6 4.0 PROJECT SETTING............................................................................................. 4-7

4.1 Environment......................................................................................................................4-7 4.2 Precontact .........................................................................................................................4-7 4.3 Ethnography......................................................................................................................4-9 4.4 History.............................................................................................................................4-10

5.0 LEGISLATIVE AND REGULATORY CONTEXT ...................................................... 5-11

5.1 National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) .....................................................................5-11

5.1.1 Section 106 .......................................................................................................................5-11 5.1.2 National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) .....................................................................5-11

5.2 California Health and Safety Code Section 7050.5 .........................................................5-13 5.3 California Public Resources Code Section 5097.98.........................................................5-14

6.0 STUDY METHODS AND RESULTS ..................................................................... 6-15

6.1 Background Research......................................................................................................6-15

6.1.1 Northwest Information Center Records Search ...............................................................6-15 6.1.2 Literature Review .............................................................................................................6-17

6.2 Interested Parties Consultation ......................................................................................6-18

6.2.1 Native American Tribes and Individuals ...........................................................................6-18 6.2.2 Historical Organizations....................................................................................................6-21

6.3 Field Survey .....................................................................................................................6-22 6.4 NRHP Evaluation .............................................................................................................6-22

6.4.1 Criterion A.........................................................................................................................6-22 6.4.2 Criterion B.........................................................................................................................6-23 6.4.3 Criterion C.........................................................................................................................6-23 6.4.4 Criterion D ........................................................................................................................6-23 6.4.5 Integrity ............................................................................................................................6-23 6.4.6 Summary...........................................................................................................................6-24

7.0 FINDING OF EFFECT ........................................................................................ 7-25

7.1 Criteria of Adverse Effect ................................................................................................7-25

7.1.1 Assessment of Effects.......................................................................................................7-26

8.0 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ...................................... 8-27

8.1 Summary .........................................................................................................................8-27 ii

CU L T U R AL RE SO U R CE S STU D Y JU N E 2018
CA R M E L RI V E R BA N K STA B I L I Z A TI O N A T RAN C H O SAN CAR L O S RO AD
CA R M E L , MO N TE R E Y CO U N T Y , CAL I FO R N I A

8.2 Recommendations ..........................................................................................................8-27

8.2.1 Installation of Protective Fencing.....................................................................................8-27 8.2.2 Archaeological Monitoring ...............................................................................................8-27 8.2.3 Accidental Discovery of Archaeological Deposits and Human Remains...........................8-28

9.0 REFERENCES CITED ......................................................................................... 9-29 TABLES

Table A: Cultural Resources Recorded within 0.5 Miles of the APE..................................................6-16 Table B: Previous Archaeological Studies within the APE .................................................................6-17 Table C: Native American Consultation Summary ............................................................................6-19 Table D: Historical Organization Consultation Summary ..................................................................6-21

APPENDICES

A: Project Figures
Figure 1: Project Location and Vicinity Figure 2: Project Site (USGS Seaside, Calif. topographic map) Figure 3: Cultural Resource Locations Figure 4: Area of Potential Effects

B: Cultural Resource Records
P-27-000157/CA-MNT-21 P-27-002128/CA-MNT-1912 P-27-002130/CA-MNT-1914H Rancho San Carlos Road Sedge Bed

C: Consultation and Outreach Correspondence
Native American Tribes and Individuals Historical Organizations

D: ESA Action Plan

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CA R M E L RI V E R BA N K STA B I L I Z A TI O N A T RAN C H O SAN CAR L O S RO AD
CA R M E L , MO N TE R E Y CO U N T Y , CAL I FO R N I A

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

  • APE
  • Area of Potential Effects

  • Corps
  • United States Army Corps of Engineers

California Register of Historical Resources California Department of Parks and Recreation 523 series forms Environmentally Sensitive Area
CRHR DPR 523 ESA

  • GPS
  • Global Positioning System

  • HSC
  • California Health and Safety Code

  • MLD
  • Most Likely Descendent

NHPA NRHP
National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended National Register of Historic Places

  • Nationwide Permit
  • NWP

NAHC NWIC
Native American Heritage Commission Northwest Information Center

  • OCEN
  • Ohlone/Costanoan—Esselen Nation

  • California Public Resources Code
  • PRC

Section 106 Section 404 USGS
Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended Section 404 of the Clean Water Act United States Geological Survey

  • Water District
  • Monterey Peninsula Water District

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CA R M E L RI V E R BA N K STA B I L I Z A TI O N A T RAN C H O SAN CAR L O S RO AD
CA R M E L , MO N TE R E Y CO U N T Y , CAL I FO R N I A

1.0 INTRODUCTION

The Monterey Peninsula Water District (Water District) proposes the Carmel River Bank Stabilization at Rancho San Carlos Road Project (the “project”) in Carmel, Monterey County, California (Appendix A: Figures 1 and 2). The project would repair bank erosion along the Carmel River of approximately 75 feet of the north streambank and up to 400 feet of the south streambank, just downstream of the Rancho San Carlos Road Bridge at river mile 3.8. An Area of Potential Effects (i.e., the “permit area”) has been proposed for this project and is depicted in Appendix A (Figure 4) and described in Section 3.0 of this report.

As the project would affect waters of the United States, the project proponent (Water District) must meet the requirements of Section 404 of the Clean Water Act and therefore, must apply for a Nationwide Permit (NWP) from the United States Army Corps of Engineers, San Francisco District (Corps). Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended, requires that every federal agency “take into account” the effect of its undertakings on historic properties. Issuance of an NWP for this project is an undertaking (as defined at 36 Code of Federal Regulations [CFR] 800.16(y)) with the potential to cause effects on historic properties (36 CFR 800.3(a)), and as such, the requirements of Section 106 must be met to take into account the effect of the undertaking on any district, site, building, structure, or object that is included in, or eligible or inclusion in, the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). LSA prepared this cultural resources study at the request of the Water District for submittal to the Corps with the NWP application. This study was undertaken to assist the Corps with their requirements under Section 106 and their consultation obligations with the State Office of Historic Preservation pursuant to 36 CFR 800.3(c)(3).

This report documents tasks completed to date to identify cultural resources that have the potential to qualify as historic properties under Section 106. Tasks completed for this study consist of archival background research, including a records search at the regional Information Center of the California Historical Resources Information System and a literature review; consultation with local Native American tribes and interested parties; and a cultural resources field survey.

LSA’s study identified the Rancho San Carlos Road Sedge Bed (sedge bed) within the Area of Potential Effects (APE). This sedge bed represents a Native American plant gathering area on the bank of Carmel River that is an important source of Santa Barbara sedge (Carex barbarae) for the Rumsen Ohlone (Appendix A: Figures 3-4). This historic property has been documented on California Department of Parks and Recreation 523 (DPR 523) series forms (Appendix B).

Based on information gathered during the consultation and outreach conducted with Native American tribes and stakeholders for this project, the sedge bed in the APE appears eligible for listing in the NRHP under Criterion A and retains integrity of relationship with a living community and retains good integrity of condition (Parker and King 1998:11-12).

During a field visit by; Ms. Linda Yamane, a Rumsen Ohlone tribal member, cultural educator, and Ohlone basket weaver; an LSA cultural resources manager; and Water District representatives, the extent of the sedge gathering area was defined and an ESA Action Plan is proposed herein (see

CU L T U R AL RE SO U R CE S STU D Y JU N E 2018
CA R M E L RI V E R BA N K STA B I L I Z A TI O N A T RAN C H O SAN CAR L O S RO AD
CA R M E L , MO N TE R E Y CO U N T Y , CAL I FO R N I A

Section 8.2.1, Appendix D) this location as an Environmentally Sensitive Area (ESA) to establish within which all project-related activities would be excluded. The undertaking would have no adverse effect on this historic property based on the establishment and enforcement of an ESA for the duration of the project.

No additional cultural resources were identified in the APE as a result of this study and excavation for the project would occur mostly within the active stream channel where there is a low potential for buried archaeological deposits. However, grading and grubbing will occur on the surface of the riverbanks where the native ground surface was obscured by heavy vegetation during the field survey. Therefore, due to the environmental setting; proximity to P-27-002128 / CA-MNT-1912 a precontact habitation site with midden, marine shell, and lithic artifacts to the APE; and the lack of surface visibility during the field survey, there is the potential to encounter archaeological deposits during grubbing and grading.

Lora Holland oversaw the tasks completed for this study and co-authored this report. Ms. Holland has 15 years of experience in maritime and terrestrial archaeology. She holds an M.A. in Anthropology from the University of West Florida, Pensacola, and is Registered Professional Archaeologist 989173. E. Timothy Jones co-authored this report and provided technical review. Mr. Jones has 17 years of experience in California cultural resource management. He holds an M.A. in Cultural Resources Management from Sonoma State University and is Registered Professional Archaeologist #15531. Both Mr. Jones and Ms. Holland meet the Secretary of the Interior’s

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    CITY OF CARMEL‐BY‐THE‐SEA R IO PARK/LARSON F IELD PATHWAY PROJECT DRAFT INITIAL STUDY/MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION VOLUME II: APPENDICES CITY OF CARMEL‐BY‐THE‐SEA P.O. BOX G E/S MONTE VERDE BETWEEN OCEAN AND 7TH CARMEL, CA 93921 Prepared by: 60 GARDEN COURT, SUITE 230 MONTEREY, CA 93940 SEPTEMBER 2015 C ITY OF CARMEL‐ BY‐ THE‐S EA R IO P ARK/ L ARSON F IELD P ATHWAY P ROJECT DRAFT INITIAL STUDY/ MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION VOLUME II: APPENDICES Prepared for: CITY OF CARMEL‐BY‐THE‐SEA P.O. BOX G E/S MONTE VERDE BETWEEN OCEAN AND 7TH CARMEL, CA 93921 Prepared by: 60 GARDEN COURT, SUITE 230 MONTEREY, CA 93940 SEPTEMBER 2015 Table of Contents Appendices Appendix A1 Biological Resources ‐ Database Query Results Appendix A2 Biological Resources ‐ Local Policy Consistency Table Appendix A3 Biological Resources – Species Summary Table Appendix B Archaeological Records Search and Site Reconnaissance Appendix C Traffic Analysis APPENDICES Appendix A1 Biological Resources - Database Query Results Michael Baker International IMAPS Print Preview Page 1 of 13 CNDDB 9-Quad Species List 234 records. CA Element Common Federal State CDFW Rare Quad Quad Scientific Name Element Code Data Status Taxonomic Sort Type Name Status Status Status Plant Code Name Rank Animals - California Amphibians - Animals - Ambystoma Mt. Mapped and tiger AAAAA01180 Threatened Threatened SSC - 3612147 Ambystomatidae Amphibians californiense Carmel Unprocessed salamander - Ambystoma californiense Animals - California Amphibians - Animals - Ambystoma Mapped and tiger AAAAA01180
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    VENTANA WILDERNESS WATCH www.ventanawild.org Volume 11 Number 2 I Fall 2010 The Ventanas viewed from Devil’s Peak Photo: Debi Lorenc Keep Big Sur Wild! Sensitive Bat Species Paul Danielson We need your help of the Los Padres and the Lost Camps National Forest of the Wilderness Protecting the Northern Santa Lucia VENTANA WILDERNESS WATCH I Volume 11 Number 2 I Fall 2010 Ventana Wilderness Watch Newsletter of the Ventana Wilderness Alliance President’s Message This year marks the tenth anniversary of the Ventana Wilderness Alliance as an established nonprofit corporation. It has been a ten year success story highlighted by significant achieve- ments we all can be proud of. PO Box 506 I Santa Cruz, California 95061 The Big Sur Wilderness and Conservation Act of 2002 designated an additional (831) 423-3191 I ventanawild.org 55,000 acres of federal Wilderness. The VWA Trail Crew reopened, over several years, the nine-mile Black Cone Trail in The mission of the the heart of the Ventana Wilderness. Ventana Wilderness Alliance Today, our Trail Crew is a major contributor to public trail restoration and maintenance is to protect, preserve and restore the wilderness qualities and biodiversity in the Ventana Region, annually contributing over 4,000 volunteer hours. of the public lands within California’s The 2004 Willow Creek Restoration Project removed over 10,000 pounds of trash from northern Santa Lucia Mountains one of the most beautiful wilderness canyons in Big Sur and led to other stewardship and Big Sur coast. projects, including the cleanup of eradicated marijuana grow sites.