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Definition of Chalk
1.1: Introduction: 1.1.1: Definition of chalk: Chalk is a soft, white, porous sedimentary carbonate rock, a form of limestone composed of the mineral calcite. Calcite is calcium carbonate or CaCO3. It forms under reasonably deep marine conditions from the gradual accumulation of minute calcite shells (coccoliths) shed from micro-organisms called coccolithophores. Flint (a type of chert unique to chalk) is very common as bands parallel to the bedding or as nodules embedded in chalk. It is probably derived from sponge spicules or other siliceous organisms as water is expelled upwards during compaction. Flint is often deposited around larger fossils such as Echinoidea which may be silicified (i.e. replaced molecule by molecule by flint). Chalk as seen in Cretaceous deposits of Western Europe is unusual among sedimentary limestone in the thickness of the beds. Most cliffs of chalk have very few obvious bedding planes unlike most thick sequences of limestone such as the Carboniferous Limestone or the Jurassic oolitic limestones. This presumably indicates very stable conditions over tens of millions of years. Figure (1-1): Calcium sulphate 1 "Nitzana Chalk curves" situated at Western Negev, Israel are chalk deposits formed at the Mesozoic era's Tethys Ocean Chalk has greater resistance to weathering and slumping than the clays with which it is usually associated, thus forming tall steep cliffs where chalk ridges meet the sea. Chalk hills, known as chalk downland, usually form where bands of chalk reach the surface at an angle, so forming a scarp slope. Because chalk is well jointed it can hold a large volume of ground water, providing a natural reservoir that releases water slowly through dry seasons. -
Dover District Date of Review
Safe and Sensible Street Lighting Project - Review of Trial Switch-Off – Dover District Date of Review: Sites originally proposed for inclusion in the trial switch-off but subsequently withdrawn: East Kent Access Location B East Kent Access Location C A256 By-Pass – Right Turn Lane Venson A256 By-Pass – Right Turn Lane Tilmanstone A256 By-Pass – Right Turn Lane Eythorne Sites originally proposed for inclusion in the trial switch-off but subsequently modified to part-night lighting: East Kent Access Location A – Sandwich by-pass (22 lights) East Kent Access Location D – Monks Way (23 lights) East Kent Access Location E – Ramsgate Road (56 lights) East Kent Access South – Ramsgate Road (6 lights) Sites included in the trial switch-off: Whitfield Hill (31 lights) A258 Sandwich By-Pass – Sandwich Road (28 lights) Betteshanger Road (24 lights) Folkestone Road, Farthingloe (61 lights) Review of Trial Switch-Off – Dover District Site location Whitfield Hill Remarks No. of lights switched 31 - off No. of lights converted 0 - to part night Lights switched off/ 22/08/2013 - converted (DATE) Police: crime and anti- social behaviour issues 19/12/13 - Theft from Motor Vehicle (Lorry in Layby) Period: August 2013 - - 03.00. December 2014 Lack of street lighting could have contributed to the crimes but this has not been highlighted as a major contributory factor. Police remarks Trial switch off has not had an adverse impact. The theft from M/V on Whitfield Hill was against a lorry in the layby overnight, the theft in Ash was against unsecure flats which were under construction near the junction. -
No. 90 November 2017
Newsletter No. 90 November 2017 Shakespeare Colliery Owned by Kent Collieries The Times 24 April 1912 THE DOVER SOCIETY FOUNDED IN 1988 Affiliated to the Kent Federation of Amenity Societies Registered Charity No. 299954 pr esid en t v ice-presidents Mrs Joan Liggett, Jonathan Sloggett, Terry Sutton, Miss Christine Waterman THE COMMITTEE Ch a ir m a n Derek Leach OBE, 24 Riverdale, River, Dover CT17 0GX Tel: 01304 823926 Email: [email protected] Vic e -Ch a ir m a n Jeremy Cope, 53 Park Avenue, Dover CT16 1HD Tfel: 01304 211348 Email: [email protected] Ho n . Se c r eta r y Beverley Hall, 61 castle Avenue, Dover cT16 1EZ Tfel: 01304 202646 Email: [email protected] Ho n . Tr e a s u r e r Mike Weston, 71 Castle Avenue, Dover CT16 1EZ Tfel: 01304 202059 Email: [email protected] Me m b e rs h ip Se c r e t a r y Sheila Cope, 53 Park Avenue, Dover CT16 1HD Tfel: 01304 211348 Email: [email protected] Su m m e r So c i a l Se c r e ta r y Patricia Hooper-Sherratt, Castle Lea, Tkswell St, Dover CT16 1SG Tfel: 01304 228129 Email: [email protected] Wi n t e r So c i a l Se c r e ta r y Beverley Hall, 61 Castle Avenue, Dover CT16 1EZ Tel: 01304 202646 Email: [email protected] Ed it o r Alan Lee, 8 Cherry Tree Avenue, Dover CT16 2NL Tfel: 01304 213668 Email: [email protected] Pr e s s Se c r e t a r y Tferry Sutton MBE, 17 Bewsbury Cross Lane, Whitfield, Dover CT16 3HB Tel: 01304 820122 Email: [email protected] Pl a n n in g Chairman Pat Sherratt, Castle Lea, Thswell Street, Dover CT16 1SG Tfel: 01304 228129 Email: [email protected] Committee Alan Sencicle, Mike Weston, Beverley Hall, Brian Margery, Sandra Conlon Refubishment Chairman Jeremy Cope Committee John Cotton, Mike McFarnell, Jenny Olpin, Jim Pople, Mike Weston, Alan Sencicle Ar c h iv is t Dr S.S.G. -
826 INDEX 1066 Country Walk 195 AA La Ronde
© Lonely Planet Publications 826 Index 1066 Country Walk 195 animals 85-7, see also birds, individual Cecil Higgins Art Gallery 266 ABBREVIATIONS animals Cheltenham Art Gallery & Museum A ACT Australian Capital books 86 256 A La RondeTerritory 378 internet resources 85 City Museum & Art Gallery 332 abbeys,NSW see New churches South & cathedrals Wales aquariums Dali Universe 127 Abbotsbury,NT Northern 311 Territory Aquarium of the Lakes 709 FACT 680 accommodationQld Queensland 787-90, 791, see Blue Planet Aquarium 674 Ferens Art Gallery 616 alsoSA individualSouth locations Australia Blue Reef Aquarium (Newquay) Graves Gallery 590 activitiesTas 790-2,Tasmania see also individual 401 Guildhall Art Gallery 123 activitiesVic Victoria Blue Reef Aquarium (Portsmouth) Hayward Gallery 127 AintreeWA FestivalWestern 683 Australia INDEX 286 Hereford Museum & Art Gallery 563 air travel Brighton Sea Life Centre 207 Hove Museum & Art Gallery 207 airlines 804 Deep, The 615 Ikon Gallery 534 airports 803-4 London Aquarium 127 Institute of Contemporary Art 118 tickets 804 National Marine Aquarium 384 Keswick Museum & Art Gallery 726 to/from England 803-5 National Sea Life Centre 534 Kettle’s Yard 433 within England 806 Oceanarium 299 Lady Lever Art Gallery 689 Albert Dock 680-1 Sea Life Centre & Marine Laing Art Gallery 749 Aldeburgh 453-5 Sanctuary 638 Leeds Art Gallery 594-5 Alfred the Great 37 archaeological sites, see also Roman Lowry 660 statues 239, 279 sites Manchester Art Gallery 658 All Souls College 228-9 Avebury 326-9, 327, 9 Mercer Art Gallery -
Restoration of Dover Castle, the Main Room
Restoration of Dover Castle, the main room THE DOVER SOCIETY FOUNDED IN 1988 Registered with the Civic Trust, Affiliated to the Kent Federation of Amenity Societies Registered Charity No. 299954 PRESIDENT Brigadier Maurice Atherton CBE VICE-PRESIDENTS Miss Lillian Kay, Mrs Joan Liggett Peter Marsh, Jonathan Sloggett, Tferry Sutton, Miss Christine Waterman, Jack Woolford THE COMMITTEE Chairman Derek Leach OBE, 24 Riverdale, River, Dover CT17 OGX Tfel: 01304 823926 Email: [email protected] Vice-Chairman Jeremy Cope, 53 Park Avenue, Dover CT16 1HD Tel: 01304 211348 Email: [email protected] Hon. Secretary William Naylor, "Wood End", 87 Leyburne Rd, Dover CT16 1SH Tfel: 01304 211276 Email: [email protected] Hon. Treasurer Mike Weston, 71 Castle Avenue, Dover CT16 1EZ Tfel: 01304 202059 Email: [email protected] Membership Secretary Sheila Cope, 53 Park Avenue, Dover CT16 1HD Tfel: 01304 211348 Social Secretaries Patricia Hooper-Sherratt, Castle Lea, T&swell St, Dover CT16 1SG Tfel: 01304 228129 Email: [email protected] Georgette Rapley, 29 Queen's Gardens, Dover CT17 9AH Tfel: 01304 204514 Email: [email protected] Editor Alan Lee, 8 Cherry Tree Avenue, Dover CT16 2NL Tfel: 01304 213668 Email: [email protected] Press Secretary Tferry Sutton MBE, 17 Bewsbury Cross Lane, Whitfield, Dover CT16 3HB Tfel: 01304 820122 Email: [email protected] Planning Chairman Jack Woolford, 1066 Green Lane, Tfemple Ewell, Dover CT16 3AR Tfel: 01304 330381 Email: [email protected] Committee -
Presenter Title Date Keyword PEARL, M L Cobbett & the Last Labourer's Revolt 23/04/1954 Agriculture TYNAN, Miss a Sussex
Presenter Title Date Keyword PEARL, M L Cobbett & the Last Labourer’s Revolt 23/04/1954 Agriculture TYNAN, Miss A Sussex in the 18th Century – Agriculture & Farming 19/11/1954 Agriculture POWELL, Miss M J Shepherd’s Bells, Crooks & Round Smocks 25/01/1957 Agriculture MASTERS, Mrs E G C The Countryside and Its Problems 29/11/1957 Agriculture BLACKMAN, Mrs Elizabeth Captain Swing & Mr Cobbett – Agrarian Disturbances (no notes) 01/01/1981 Agriculture JONES, Mrs Gwen History of Oast Houses 09/12/1983 Agriculture WOODHAM, Laurence Agriculture in the Weald – Past & Present 20/03/1987 Agriculture HOWKINS, Dr Alun William Cobbett & Rural England 03/11/1989 Agriculture ELDERTON, John The Farmstead 02/12/1994 Agriculture JONES, Mrs Gwen The History & Development of Oast Houses 25/02/2000 Agriculture GRAY, Christine The First Farmers in Sussex 11/01/2002 Agriculture FILMER, Richard Hops & Hop Picking 29/01/2010 Agriculture RICHARDSON, Ruth The Making of Gray's Anatomy 20/09/2018 Anatomy WILSON, Dr A E The Early Saxon Period in Sussex 09/03/1956 Anglo-Saxon HUTTON, D Graham Anglo Saxon Influences with Us Yet 12/10/1956 Anglo-Saxon WILSON, Dr A E The Late Saxon Period in Sussex 13/12/1957 Anglo-Saxon WILSON, Dr A E The Late Saxon Period in Sussex – Part 2 07/03/1958 Anglo-Saxon LEMMON, Lt.Col. C H Town Creep 01/01/1966 Anglo-Saxon WEBSTER, Mrs Leslie Anglo Saxon Jewellery 27/02/1998 Anglo-Saxon DUMVILLE, Prof. David Anglo-Saxon Territories 14/10/2005 Anglo-Saxon HUSCROFT, Dr Richard The Reality of Royal Power in late Anglo-Saxon England 13/10/2006 -
68 International Sachsensymposion
68th International Sachsensymposion Arbeitsgemeinschaft zur Archäologie der Sachsen und ihrer Nachbarvölker in Nordwesteuropa – IvoE Canterbury, 2nd-6th September 2017 Lands and Seas: Post-Roman transitions and relations across the Channel, North Sea and Baltic worlds 68. International Sachsensymposion Canterbury, 2nd – 6th September 2017 2 68. International Sachsensymposion Canterbury, 2nd – 6th September 2017 PROGRAMME – PROGRAMM Saturday 2nd September 09.00 – 11.00 Morning meeting and help point Morgendlicher Treffpunkt und Hilfestelle Canterbury Archaeological Trust, 92a Broad Street, Cantebury CT1 2LU 11.00 – 13.00 City Tour 1 (led by Paul Bennett, meeting point: the Butter Market) Stadtführung 1 (Treffpunkt: the Butter Market) St Augustine’s Abbey Tour (led by Helen Gittos, meeting point: Lady Wootton’s Green) St Augustine’s Abbey Stadtführung (Treffpunkt: Lady Wootton’s Green) 13.00 – 14.00 LUNCH (not provided) Mittagessen (Selbstversorgung) 13.00 – 18.00 CONFERENCE REGISTRATION Anmeldung zur Konferenz Foyer, Old Sessions House, Canterbury Christ Church University, North Holmes Road, Canterbury CT1 1QU 14.00 – 16.00 City Tour 2 (led by Paul Bennett, meeting point: the Butter Market) Stadtführung 2 (Treffpunkt:the Butter Market) 14.00 – 16.00 Practical workshop on Portable Antiquities. Lg25, Laud, Canterbury Christ Church University, North Holmes Road, Canterbury CT1 1QU Praktischer Workshop zu beweglichen Altertümern 17.00 – 18.00 Opening Reception Eröffnungsempfang Foyer, Old Sessions House, Canterbury Christ Church University, -
Walking to the White Cliffs of Dover
Walking to The White Cliffs of Dover The White Cliffs of Dover, Take a walk through Dover, Langdon Cliffs, Upper Road, past the museum and along the Dover seafront to the iconic White Cliffs. On your way you'll see the historic TRAIL medieval castle while viewing the Walking hustle and bustle of the world's busiest passenger port. When GRADE you get to the cliffs, call in to our Moderate visitor centre to collect a free walking map and grab a bite to DISTANCE eat or treat yourself to something 2 miles (3.3km) from our shop. TIME Terrain 50 The walk is mostly on paved surfaces with some steps; mostly flat, with one very steep section. The route is challenging with a pushchair. OS MAP 138 Things to see Contact 01304 207326 [email protected] Facilities The White Cliffs are open to walkers free of charge everyday of the year. Dover Museum The seafront The Port of Dover The cafe, gift shop and toilets Why not visit Dover Museum? Enjoy views of the harbour and Take a moment to look at the are open daily 10-5pm, March The museum has a fascinating castle. From the promenade you’ll bustle of the port below you. to October with shorter hours in collection of items from the be able to see the ships coming Ferries arrive and depart 24hrs winter. local area, including the world's and going from the ferry terminal a day traveling to France and A short walk from the visitor oldest seagoing vessel the Dover and may even see a giant cruise Belgium. -
The Archaeological Evaluation of Wetlands
98084_Report_Cover_2A_outline 16/6/06 11:38 am Page 1 Report prepared by Lis Dyson, Ellen Heppell, Casper Johnson and Marnix Pieters with Cecile Baeteman, Jan Bastiaens, Katrien Cousserier, Koen Deforce, Isabel Jansen, Erwin Meylemans, Liesbet Schietecatte, Liesbeth Theunissen, Robert van Heeringen, Johan van Laecke and Inge Zeebroek This project has received European Regional Development Funding through the INTERREG IIIB Community initiative 98084_Report_Cover_2A_outline 16/6/06 11:38 am Page 2 © The authors and Kent County Council on behalf of the Planarch Partnership. Maidstone 2006 ISBN 1 901509 75 3 98084_Report_Cover_2A_outline 16/6/06 11:38 am Page 3 Report prepared by Lis Dyson, Casper Johnson (Kent County Council), Ellen Heppell (Essex County Council), and Marnix Pieters (VIOE) with Cecile Baeteman, (Koninklijk Belgisch Instituut voor Natuurwetenschappen), Liesbeth Theunissen, Robert van Heeringen (ROB), Katrien Cousserier, Isabel Jansen (CAI), Koen Deforce, Jan Bastiaens, Erwin Meylemans, Liesbet Schietecatte, Johan van Laecke and Inge Zeebroek (VIOE) May 2006 © The authors and Kent County Council on behalf of the Planarch partners Maidstone 2006 ISBN 1 901509 761 CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY…………………………………………………………….………..….i 1. INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………………………..…..1 2. WETLAND MAP FOR NWE by K. Cousserier ………………………………………………13 3. PLANARCH 2 PILOT STUDIES 3.1 THE STUMBLE, ESSEX by E. Heppell………………………………………………23 3.2 THE BELGIAN POLDERS, FLANDERS: A TEST CASE 2002-2006 by M. Pieters, L. Schietecatte, I. Zeebroek, E. Meylemans, I. Jansen & J. van Laecke…………………………………………………………………………39 3.3 KENT by L. Dyson ……………………………………………………………………..55 3.4 THE THREAT OF DESICCATION - RECENT WORK ON THE IN SITU MONITORING OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL WETLAND SITES IN THE NETHERLANDS by R.M. van Heeringen & E.M. -
Report to Planning Committee – 26 January 2017
REPORT TO PLANNING COMMITTEE – 26 JANUARY 2017 PLANNING APPEALS 1. There were 13 appeals determined between October and December 2016. Two appeals were against non-determination where the Planning Committee had deferred a decision, one appeal against a Planning Committee decision and the remainder against delegated decisions. Five of the appeals were upheld. There were three successful appeals against Committee decision (including the two appeals for non-determination) and two successful appeals against delegated decision. 2. Members have been issued with the full decisions, but in brief the reasons were: 2.1 Red Lion, Canterbury Rd (including listed building app) Members had, following submission of the appeal against non-determination, decided that, had the application come back to Committee, it would have been approved with conditions. Costs have been awarded. 2.2 New Dover Road An application on an allocated site for 40 dwellings. Members refused this application because the proposal was out of character with the surrounding area. The Inspector concluded that the effect on the character of the surrounding area would be limited. Partial costs have been awarded, in relation to a submitted unilateral undertaking that the Council had accepted, but had not informed the Inspectorate and therefore the applicant provided experts to attend the hearing that were not required. 2.3 Brookestreet An application for an extension over a garage. The issue was the effect on the character and appearance of the host property and surrounding area. The Planning Inspector disagreed. 2.4 Barnsole Road An application for a change of use of a barn to residential dwelling refused under Class Q of the GPDO. -
British Birds |
VOL. XLVIII JULY No. 7 1955 BRITISH BIRDS DO ENGLISH WOODPIGEONS MIGRATE ? By DAVID LACK (Edward Grey Institute, Oxford) and M. G. RIDPATH (Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, Tolworth) INTRODUCTION THE object of this short paper is to draw attention to a curious problem in the hope that others will help in solving it. The obser vations here described, made independently by Lack round Oxford and by Ridpath in Kent and Sussex, cannot be satisfactorily interpreted until more is known from other parts of England. At first, each of us supposed that we had chanced on a big autumn migration of Woodpigeons (Cohimba palumbus), but now we are doubtful. The earlier literature on the migration of Woodpigeons was reviewed by Alexander (1940) and re-summarized by Snow (1953). So far as England is concerned the evidence was conflicting. In the autumn, there might be an arrival from Scandinavia into East Anglia and from north-western France into S.E. England, while a S.W. movement was seen for many years in the Stour valley, Worcestershire. That is all, and as yet it is quite uncertain whether the apparent increase in Woodpigeons in southern England in autumn is due to purely local aggregation or to migration and, if to migration, whether this comes from northern Britain, Scandi navia or France. OBSERVATIONS ROUND OXFORD (D. LACK) In 1953, during an autumn watch for visible migration on Boars Hill, just outside Oxford, big flights of Woodpigeons were noted going south in the early mornings during the last few days of October. At first they were dismissed as feeding movements from a roost, but over 400 individuals passed on 30th October and they flew high like migrants. -
Plans of Dover Harbour in Sixteenth Century
Archaeologia Cantiana Vol. 49 1937 ( 108 ) PLANS OF DOVER HARBOUR IN THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY. BY ALEC MACDONALD. THERE are in existence at least sixteen contemporary plans or picture-maps, showing work carried out or contemplated on Dover Harbour during the sixteenth century. Ten of them are in the British Museum ; three others are, respec- tively, in the Bodleian Library, in the Public Record Office and among the papers of the Marquess of Salisbury at Hatfield House ; the remaining three, one owned by Mr. Prescott, of Dover, and two by the Dover Harbour Com- missioners, are facsimiles of three of the B.M. plans. The literary evidence, though considerable, is insufficient to enable us to identify all of them, but the reproduction of some of them here is perhaps sufficient excuse for an attempt to do so. The difficulty is added to by the fact that, even in the rare instances in which they are dated or signed, there is seldom any indication whether they represent then existing works or only projects which may or may not have been carried out. The earliest printed account of the making of the harbour is in Holinshed's Chronicle (1578), continued after his death in 1580 by John Hooker, and this is abbreviated in the Histories of Kent of Harris and Hasted. There are more recent and detailed accounts by Lyon (History of Dover, 1814), Statham (History of the Town and Port of Dover, 1899), and J. Bavington Jones (Annals of Dover, 1916). But by far the most complete account is in a paper by the late Mr.