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Archaeologia Cantiana Vol
http://kentarchaeology.org.uk/research/archaeologia-cantiana/ Kent Archaeological Society is a registered charity number 223382 © 2017 Kent Archaeological Society Archaeologia Cantiana Vol. 137 2016 BOOK REVIEWS Cliffs End Farm. Isle of Thanet: a Mortuary and Ritual site ofthe Bronze Age, Iron Age and Anglo-Saxon period with evidence for long-distance maritime mobility. By Jacqueline I. McKinley etal. xvii and 318 pp. 110 b/w and colour figures, 49 colour plates. 64 tables. Wessex Archaeology Publications, 2014. Paperback £35 from Oxbow Books. ISBN 9781874350705. This attractive and beautifully illustrated volume reports on a remarkable (if not unique) set of discoveries dating to the later prehistoric period, along with a small Anglo-Saxon cemetery and settlement on the southern coast of the Isle of Thanet overlooking Pegwell Bay. The earliest features recorded were six Beaker period or early Bronze Age 'ring ditches'. They were all slightly different to each other: three had a single ditch, three had more than one, four had central features probably representing graves, and none had any sign of a central mound or external bank. The dates of these features could not be determined with any great confidence, nor their relative chronology. The excavator expresses some frustration that more could not be said, though this diverse group of ring ditches fits in very well with our current understanding ofthe heterogeneity of cultural expression in the later Neolithic and early Bronze Age. There was a hiatus during the middle Bronze Age, but by around the llth-9th century cal BC the site was once more a focus of activity, with a number of enclosures and other features being established on the site of the earlier ring ditches. -
826 INDEX 1066 Country Walk 195 AA La Ronde
© Lonely Planet Publications 826 Index 1066 Country Walk 195 animals 85-7, see also birds, individual Cecil Higgins Art Gallery 266 ABBREVIATIONS animals Cheltenham Art Gallery & Museum A ACT Australian Capital books 86 256 A La RondeTerritory 378 internet resources 85 City Museum & Art Gallery 332 abbeys,NSW see New churches South & cathedrals Wales aquariums Dali Universe 127 Abbotsbury,NT Northern 311 Territory Aquarium of the Lakes 709 FACT 680 accommodationQld Queensland 787-90, 791, see Blue Planet Aquarium 674 Ferens Art Gallery 616 alsoSA individualSouth locations Australia Blue Reef Aquarium (Newquay) Graves Gallery 590 activitiesTas 790-2,Tasmania see also individual 401 Guildhall Art Gallery 123 activitiesVic Victoria Blue Reef Aquarium (Portsmouth) Hayward Gallery 127 AintreeWA FestivalWestern 683 Australia INDEX 286 Hereford Museum & Art Gallery 563 air travel Brighton Sea Life Centre 207 Hove Museum & Art Gallery 207 airlines 804 Deep, The 615 Ikon Gallery 534 airports 803-4 London Aquarium 127 Institute of Contemporary Art 118 tickets 804 National Marine Aquarium 384 Keswick Museum & Art Gallery 726 to/from England 803-5 National Sea Life Centre 534 Kettle’s Yard 433 within England 806 Oceanarium 299 Lady Lever Art Gallery 689 Albert Dock 680-1 Sea Life Centre & Marine Laing Art Gallery 749 Aldeburgh 453-5 Sanctuary 638 Leeds Art Gallery 594-5 Alfred the Great 37 archaeological sites, see also Roman Lowry 660 statues 239, 279 sites Manchester Art Gallery 658 All Souls College 228-9 Avebury 326-9, 327, 9 Mercer Art Gallery -
Restoration of Dover Castle, the Main Room
Restoration of Dover Castle, the main room THE DOVER SOCIETY FOUNDED IN 1988 Registered with the Civic Trust, Affiliated to the Kent Federation of Amenity Societies Registered Charity No. 299954 PRESIDENT Brigadier Maurice Atherton CBE VICE-PRESIDENTS Miss Lillian Kay, Mrs Joan Liggett Peter Marsh, Jonathan Sloggett, Tferry Sutton, Miss Christine Waterman, Jack Woolford THE COMMITTEE Chairman Derek Leach OBE, 24 Riverdale, River, Dover CT17 OGX Tfel: 01304 823926 Email: [email protected] Vice-Chairman Jeremy Cope, 53 Park Avenue, Dover CT16 1HD Tel: 01304 211348 Email: [email protected] Hon. Secretary William Naylor, "Wood End", 87 Leyburne Rd, Dover CT16 1SH Tfel: 01304 211276 Email: [email protected] Hon. Treasurer Mike Weston, 71 Castle Avenue, Dover CT16 1EZ Tfel: 01304 202059 Email: [email protected] Membership Secretary Sheila Cope, 53 Park Avenue, Dover CT16 1HD Tfel: 01304 211348 Social Secretaries Patricia Hooper-Sherratt, Castle Lea, T&swell St, Dover CT16 1SG Tfel: 01304 228129 Email: [email protected] Georgette Rapley, 29 Queen's Gardens, Dover CT17 9AH Tfel: 01304 204514 Email: [email protected] Editor Alan Lee, 8 Cherry Tree Avenue, Dover CT16 2NL Tfel: 01304 213668 Email: [email protected] Press Secretary Tferry Sutton MBE, 17 Bewsbury Cross Lane, Whitfield, Dover CT16 3HB Tfel: 01304 820122 Email: [email protected] Planning Chairman Jack Woolford, 1066 Green Lane, Tfemple Ewell, Dover CT16 3AR Tfel: 01304 330381 Email: [email protected] Committee -
The Oldest Lighthouse 1
The Oldest Lighthouse 1 The Oldest Lighthouse Ken Trethewey1 Fig. 1: The Pharos at Dover, built around the 2nd c. BCE., is a candidate for the oldest existing lighthouse. Introduction harologists are frequently asked, What is the oldest A light marking the tomb of Achilles at Sigeum in the Plighthouse? The answer is, of course, difficult to Hellespont has frequently been proposed. Its location answer without further qualification. Different people at the entrance to the strategic route between the might argue over the definition of a lighthouse, for Mediterranean and Black Seas would have created example.2 Others might be asking about the first a vital navigational aid as long ago as the twelfth or lighthouse that was ever built. A third group might be thirteenth centuries BCE. This could have inspired ideas asking for the oldest lighthouse they can see right now. of lighthouses, even if its form was inconsistent with All of these questions have been dealt with in detail our traditional designs. In later centuries (though still in my recent publication.3 The paper that follows is an prior to the building of the Alexandrian Pharos) Greeks overview of the subject for the casual reader. seem to have been using small stone towers with fires on top (Figs. 3, 4 and 5) to indicate the approaches Ancient Lighthouses to ports in the Aegean. Thus, however the idea was actually conceived, the Greeks can legitimately claim to Most commonly the answer given to questions have inspired an aid to navigation that has been of great about the oldest lighthouse has been the Pharos at value to mariners right up to the present day. -
Ye Olde Watling LCCOLSPYOW15729
St. Paul’s Ye Olde Watling LCCOLSPYOW15729 Ye Olde Watling St. Paul’s (29 Watling Street, EC4) © The Great British Pub Crawl 2020 • Watling Street • Great Fire of London • Rebuilt 1668 • Sir Christopher Wren • Builders (St. Paul’s Cathedral) Copyright © 2020 The Great British Pub Crawl Company All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written permission of The Great British Pub Crawl Company, except in the case of uses permitted by copyright law. St. Paul’s Ye Olde Watling LCCOLSPYOW15729 Wheelchair Access on Ground Floor Disabled Toilets Storyi Ye Olde Watling takes its name from Watling Street the name of the ancient road on which it is built. Watling Street Watling Street is a historic route in England that crosses the River Thames at London and which was used in Classical Antiquity, Late Antiquity, and throughout the Middle Ages. It was used by the ancient Britons and paved as one of the main Roman roads in Roman- governed Britain during the Roman Empire. The route linked Dover and London in the southeast with St Albans and Wroxeter to the northwest. Watling Street was the traditional site of the Roman Defeat of Boudica, the line of the road was later the southwestern border of the Danelaw with Wessex and Mercia, and Watling Street was numbered as one of the major highways of medieval England. First used by the ancient Britons, mainly between the areas of modern Canterbury and St Albans using a natural ford near Westminster, the Romans later paved the route, which then connected then ports of Dubris (Dover), Rutupiae (Richborough), Lemanis (Lympne), and Regulbium (Reculver) in Kent to the Roman bridge over the Thames at Londinium (London). -
Roman Roads of Britain
Roman Roads of Britain A Wikipedia Compilation by Michael A. Linton PDF generated using the open source mwlib toolkit. See http://code.pediapress.com/ for more information. PDF generated at: Thu, 04 Jul 2013 02:32:02 UTC Contents Articles Roman roads in Britain 1 Ackling Dyke 9 Akeman Street 10 Cade's Road 11 Dere Street 13 Devil's Causeway 17 Ermin Street 20 Ermine Street 21 Fen Causeway 23 Fosse Way 24 Icknield Street 27 King Street (Roman road) 33 Military Way (Hadrian's Wall) 36 Peddars Way 37 Portway 39 Pye Road 40 Stane Street (Chichester) 41 Stane Street (Colchester) 46 Stanegate 48 Watling Street 51 Via Devana 56 Wade's Causeway 57 References Article Sources and Contributors 59 Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors 61 Article Licenses License 63 Roman roads in Britain 1 Roman roads in Britain Roman roads, together with Roman aqueducts and the vast standing Roman army, constituted the three most impressive features of the Roman Empire. In Britain, as in their other provinces, the Romans constructed a comprehensive network of paved trunk roads (i.e. surfaced highways) during their nearly four centuries of occupation (43 - 410 AD). This article focuses on the ca. 2,000 mi (3,200 km) of Roman roads in Britain shown on the Ordnance Survey's Map of Roman Britain.[1] This contains the most accurate and up-to-date layout of certain and probable routes that is readily available to the general public. The pre-Roman Britons used mostly unpaved trackways for their communications, including very ancient ones running along elevated ridges of hills, such as the South Downs Way, now a public long-distance footpath. -
Dover-Kent.Com
THE DOVER SOCIETY FOUNDED IN 1988 Registered with the Civic Trust, Affiliated to the Kent Federation of Amenity Societies Registered Charity No. 299954 PRESIDENT: The Rt. Hon. The Countess of Guilford VICE-PRESIDENTS: Mr A. F. Adams, Brigadier Maurice Atherton; Mrs Silvia Corral The Rt. Hon. The Lord Ennals, Mr Ivan Green, Mrs Marion Hors field Mr Jack Ind, Sir Clifford Jarrett, Mr Peter Johnson, Miss Lillian Kay, Miss Philomena Kennedy, Mr Peter Marsh, The Rt. Hon. The Lord Rees, Mr Jonathan Sloggett, Mr Terry Sutton, Miss Christine Waterman, Mr Martin Wright THE COMMITTEE C hairman: Jack Woolford 1066 Green Lane, Temple Ewell, Dover CT16 3AR Tel: 0304 822871 V ice-C hairman: John Gerrard 77 Castle Avenue, Dover CT161EZ Tel: 0304 206579 H on. Secretary: Leo Wright "Beechwood"' Green Lane, Temple Ewell, Dover CT16 3AR Tel: 0304 823048 H on. T reasurer: Ken Berry 30 Waterloo Mansions, Waterloo Crescent, Dover CT17 9BT Tel: 0304 214963 M embership Secretary: Sheila Cope 53 Park Avenue, Dover CT16 1HD Tel: 0304 211348 Joint Social Secretaries:: Joan Liggett, 19 Castle Avenue, Dover CT161HA Tel: 212863 A rchivist: Sybil Standing 16 Harold Street, Dover CT16 ISA Tel: 0304 210715 C hairman of P lanning Sub-C ommittee: Ken W raight 32 Minnis Lane, River, Dover C T 17 OPR Tel: 823356 C hairman of P rojects sub-C ommittee: John Owen 83 Castle Avenue, Dover CT161EZ Tel: 0304 202207 E ditor: Merril Lilley 5 E ast Cliff, Dover CT16 1LX Tel: 0304 205254 A. F. Adams, Philomena Kennedy, Margaret Robson, and Mike McFarnell, (Advisory Member) 121 C a t t o t i 122 EDITORIAL WORKING FOR DOVER: 124 The White Cliffs Experience Kim Norton and Jean Luckhurst 126 THE ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING Margaret Robson REPORTS: 128 Wines and Spirits Jean Pearce 129 The Historic Dockyard at Chatham Peter Burville THE FESTIVAL OF DOVER: 131 Introduction The Editor 133 'A Joyfull Noyse' Philomena Kennedy 134 Orchid Safari Harry Dyer 135 An Evening with P. -
Notitia Dignitatum
The Notitia Dignitatum in Britain Britain’s earliest place names are known mainly from these sources: Ptolemy’s Geography – 129 names with latitude and longitude (+34 tribes); Antonine Itinerary (AI) – 110 names with route mileages; Ravenna Cosmography (RC) – 307 names listed geographically logically; Notitia Dignitatum (ND) – 54 names, with 46 Roman army units’ names; a mixed bag of inscriptions, historical mentions, minor sources, etc. ND’s text can be read on various websites, including those of Ueda-Sarson, Vermaat, and RRRA, but watch out that they all contain minor proof-reading discrepancies. The best source may be the printed text of Rivet and Smith (1979, pages 216-225) who proceeded from the printed text of Seeck (1876) which is fully online. Haynes (2014) shows a map of the military district in northern England, with the locations usually suggested for ND names there, but watch out that some of those locations are wrong. Individual place names can be looked up via the romaneranames main menu. A good framework for thinking about the geography of the ND in Britain is the hypothesis of Ward (1973). He argued that the Roman army made a final attempt to restore Imperial authority over Britain in AD 416-417, from which ND’s list is what a modern army would call a Strength Return. Rivet and Smith described Ward’s idea as “attractive”, but they wanted further proof. Here goes. ND supplies 46 names of forts (plus 5 provinces, 2 finance offices, and one unlocated army unit), of which over half can be located with reasonable confidence because they match names in other sources and/or seem to have survived into Anglo-Saxon times. -
Richborough Castle
R I C H BO ROUG H C A STLE Y - ' - F ' F B HE O . S . A . B . U S J , ' R F A I M T FOR GLA IN S ECTO O NC ENT MONU EN S E N N D . LONDON ' 'RINTE D AND 'U B LI SHED B Y HIS MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE TA B L E O F C O N T E N T S THE SITE HI STORY . THE F ORT THE C O NCRETE F OU NDATION S W ITHIN THE WALLS OTHER B U ILDIN GS WITHIN THE WALLS THE AREA OU TSIDE THE F ORT AM 'HITHEATRE THE CEM ETERY THE M U SE UM R IC HB OR OUGH CASTLE — E H . l . T SITE HE Roman fort of Rutupiae , now known as Richborough about mile and of I Castle , lies a a half north Sandwich and is situated on an undulating hill which rises to a height of to about 50 feet above the marsh . In order form an idea Of the appearance of the site in Roman times , it is necessary to trans m ' for in one s mind the whole of the surrounding marsh into sea , with the Isle of Thanet rising from it to the north and the , mainland stretching away to the west and south . Rutupiae would have been separated entirely from the main land at high tide by a narrow strip of sea and at low tide by a sandy creek across which the Romans must have constructed a . either a bridge or causew y Where this was situated is uncertain , but it was probably at the narrowest point to the west of the l . -
Dover-Kent.Com
N e w s l e t t e r Registered with the CivioTmt/ 3ffik*eito t^KeWTedwwion/ ofc^mwity (Societies HfagiiWeaty - ' J-------- Or- r , . - f ~ f Ccv^tv-uu^tusvv of SirwtK BrealiWi^tev 19 04 PRESIDENT and VICE-PRESIDENTS PRESIDENT: The Rt. Hon. The Countess of Guilford VICE-PRESIDENTS: Mr. A.J. 'Budge' Adams, Brigadier Maurice Atherton, Mrs. Sylvia Corral, The Rt. Hon. The Lord Ennals, Mr. Ivan Green, Mrs. Marion Horsfield, Mr. Jack Ind, Mr. Peter Johnson, Miss Lillian Kay, Mr. Peter Marsh, The Rt. Hon. The Lord.Rees, Mri Jonathan Sloggett, Mr. Terry Sutton. COMMITTEE CHAIRMAN: Jack Woolford, 1066, Green Lane, Temple Ewell, Dover, CT16 3AR (0304) 822871 VICE-CHAIRMAN: John Gerrard, 77 Castle Avenue, Dover (0304) 206579 SECRETARY': Leo Wright, 'Beechwood', Green Lane, Temple Ewell, Dover CT16 3AR (0304) 823048 TREASURER: Ken Berry, 30 Waterloo Mansions, Waterloo Crescent, Dover CT17 9BT (0304) 214963 MEMBERSHIP SECRETARY: Merril Lilley, 5 East Cliff, Dover CT16 1LX (0304) 205254 SOCIAL SECRETARY: Lin Clackett, The Warehouse, 29 Queen's Gardens, Dover (Daytime) (0304) 242006 PRESS SECRETARY: SyBil Standing, 16 Harold Street, Dover (0304) 210717 CHAIRMAN OF PLANNING SUB-COMMITTEE: Adrian Galley, 3 Wellington Court, Dover Road, Walmer CT14 7JP (0304) 368348 CHAIRMAN OF PROJECTS COMMITTEE: John Owen, 83 Castle Avenue, Dover CT16 1EZ (0304) 202207 EDITOR: Philomena Kennedy, 1 Roman Way, St. Margaret's-at-Cliffe, Dover CT15 6AH (0304) 852042 Phyllis DoBBins, Jeremy Cope, Norman Willis, Peter Johnson, Mike McFarnell (Advisory MemBer) ,KmWraight. [% 3 . UlMcwuKow 4. Dcrver’s lu/vk, 13. Jrm,CaxV<vfkto Q)cLwigT(ant. 5. 1raA/ev'-sK(MYi A drnwv Galley 6- 7twe^skoww& M t £ Garden <; 194O/lerry xSuttow. -
Roman Roads in Britain
ROMAN ROADS IN BRITAIN c < t < r c ROMAN ROADS IN BRITAIN BY THE LATE THOMAS CODRINGTON M, INST.C. E., F. G S. fFITH LARGE CHART OF THE ROMAN ROADS AND SMALL MAPS IN THE TEXT REPRINT OF THIRD EDITION LONDON SOCIETY FOR PROMOTING CHRISTIAN KNOWLEDGE NEW YORK: THE MACMILLAN COMPANY 1919 . • r r 11 'X/^i-r * ' Ci First Edition^ 1903 Second Edition, Revised, 1905 Tliird Edition, Revised, 1918 (.Reprint), 19 „ ,, 19 PREFACE The following attempt to describe the Roman roads of Britain originated in observations made in all parts of the country as opportunities presented themselves to me from time to time. On turning to other sources of information, the curious fact appeared that for a century past the litera- ture of the subject has been widely influenced by the spurious Itinerary attributed to Richard of Cirencester. Though that was long ago shown to be a forgery, statements derived from it, and suppositions founded upon them, are continually repeated, casting suspicion sometimes unde- served on accounts which prove to be otherwise accurate. A wide publicity, and some semblance of authority, have been given to imaginary roads and stations by the new Ordnance maps. Those who early in the last century, under the influence of the new Itinerary, traced the Roman roads, unfortunately left but scanty accounts of the remains which came under their notice, many of which have since been destroyed or covered up in the making of modern roads; and with the evidence now available few Roman roads can be traced continuously. The gaps can often be filled with reasonable certainty, but more often the precise course is doubtful, and the entire course of some roads connecting known stations of the Itinerary of Antonine can only be guessed at. -
Map 8 Britannia Superior Compiled by A.S
Map 8 Britannia Superior Compiled by A.S. Esmonde-Cleary, 1996 with the assistance of R. Warner (Ireland) Introduction Britain has a long tradition of antiquarian and archaeological investigation and recording of its Roman past, reaching back to figures such as Leland in the sixteenth century. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries the classically-educated aristocracy and gentry of a major imperial and military power naturally felt an affinity with the evidence for Rome’s presence in Britain. In the twentieth century, the development of archaeology as a discipline in its own right reinforced this interest in the Roman period, resulting in intense survey and excavation on Roman sites and commensurate work on artifacts and other remains. The cartographer is therefore spoiled for choice, and must determine the objectives of a map with care so as to know what to include and what to omit, and on what grounds. British archaeology already has a long tradition of systematization, sometimes based on regions as in the work of the Royal Commissions on (Ancient and) Historic Monuments for England (Scotland and Wales), but also on types of site or monument. Consequently, there are available compendia by Rivet (1979) on the ancient evidence for geography and toponymy; Wacher (1995) on the major towns; Burnham (1990) on the “small towns”; Margary (1973) on the roads that linked them; and Scott (1993) on villas. These works give a series of internally consistent catalogs of the major types of site. Maps of Roman Britain conventionally show the island with its modern coastline, but it is clear that there have been extensive changes since antiquity, and that the conventional approach risks understating the differences between the ancient and the modern.