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För Gedigen Musik” Richard Faltin Suomen Musiikkielämän Rakentajana

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För Gedigen Musik” Richard Faltin Suomen Musiikkielämän Rakentajana Helsingin yliopisto Humanistinen tiedekunta ”För gedigen musik” Richard Faltin Suomen musiikkielämän rakentajana Riikka Siltanen Akateeminen väitöskirja, joka Helsingin yliopiston humanistisen tiedekunnan suostumuksella esitetään julkisesti tarkastettavaksi Metsätalon luentosalissa 1 keskiviikkona 10. kesäkuuta 2020 klo 12. Helsingin yliopisto Humanistinen tiedekunta Filosofian, taiteiden ja yhteiskunnan tutkimuksen tohtoriohjelma ISBN: 978-951-51-6153-6 (nid.) ISBN: 978-951-51-6154-3 (PDF) http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/ © Riikka Siltanen 2020 Kansikuva: Richard Faltin Helsingissä noin vuonna 1900 (Yksityiskokoelma) Kannen suunnittelu ja taitto: Jukka Nissinen Painopaikka: Unigrafia Oy, Helsinki 2020 The Helsinki University Faculty of Arts uses the Urkund system (plagiarism recognition) to examine all doctoral dissertations. Sisällysluettelo Tiivistelmä ............................................................................................................ 4 Abstract ................................................................................................................ 5 Esipuhe ................................................................................................................. 6 Lista alkuperäisistä julkaisuista ............................................................................ 9 1 Johdanto: tuntematon Richard Faltin ........................................................ 11 2 Tutkimusaihe ............................................................................................ 14 2.1 Tutkimuksen tausta ......................................................................... 14 2.2 Tutkimustehtävä .............................................................................. 22 2.3 Tutkimuskohde: artikkelien esittely ................................................ 23 2.4 Lähdeaineisto .................................................................................. 30 2.5 Aikaisempi tutkimus ....................................................................... 36 3 Teoreettiset ja metodologiset lähtökohdat ............................................... 39 3.1 Biografinen tutkimus ....................................................................... 40 3.2 Reseptiohistoria ............................................................................... 43 3.3 Käsitteiden määrittely: toimijuus, identiteetti, taidemusiikki, instituutio ......................................................................................... 48 4 Tutkimuksen tulokset ................................................................................ 56 4.1 Faltin musiikkitoimijana Suomen musiikkielämän kentällä ........... 56 4.2 Menetelmällisiä huomioita .............................................................. 74 4.3 Jatkotutkimus .................................................................................. 78 Lähteet ................................................................................................................ 80 Arkistolähteet ................................................................................................ 80 Sanomalehdet ................................................................................................ 81 Tutkimuskirjallisuus ...................................................................................... 81 Sähköiset lähteet ............................................................................................ 92 3 Tiivistelmä Tutkimukseni tarkastelee säveltäjä, urkuri, kapellimestari ja musiikkipedagogi Richard Faltinin (1835−1918) musiikillista toimintaa Suomessa 1800-luvun jälki- puolella. Tutkimuksen sisältämät neljä artikkelia kattavat Faltinin aktiivisen työuran vuosien 1856−1896 välillä. Tuona aikana Faltin toimi muun muassa Viipurin taide- musiikkielämän herättäjänä (Artikkeli I), ensimmäisen Suomeen perustetun ooppera- laitoksen kapellimestarina (Artikkeli II), kansainvälisiä musiikkivirtauksia Suomessa esittelevänä Wagner-pioneerina (Artikkeli III) sekä Helsingin yliopiston musiikin- opettajana (Artikkeli IV). Kaikkia artikkeleita yhdistävä näkökulma on tarkastella Faltinin toiminnan vaiku- tuksia suomalaisen taidemusiikkikulttuurin kehittymiseen 1800-luvun jälkipuolella samoin kuin valottaa Faltinille ominaista pyrkimystä luoda pysyviä rakenteita musiikillisen toiminnan edistämiseksi Suomessa. Lähemmän tarkastelun kohteena on Faltinin merkitys ensimmäisen Suomessa syntyneen muusikkosukupolven kasvatta- jana ja musiikillisen ammatti-identiteetin tukijana sekä Faltinin tuohon aikaan poik- keuksellisten laajojen kansainvälisten verkostojen vaikutus Suomen musiikkielämän rakenteiden syntyyn luotaessa esimerkiksi musiikkioppilaitosten, orkesterien, kuoro- jen ja oopperalaitoksen toimintamalleja. Metodologisesti väitöskirja yhdistelee musiikkitieteellistä ja kulttuurihistoriallista tutkimusperinnettä. Lähestyn Faltinin musiikillista toimijuutta aikaan ja paikkaan sidottuna historiallisena toimintana, jonka reunaehtoja olivat muun muassa Suomessa 1800-luvulla pinnalla olleet kielikysymykset sekä Suomen asema Venäjän suuriruhti- naskuntana. Näitä kysymyksiä tutkin ensisijaisesti historiallisen sanomalehtiaineis- ton ja yleisteosten avulla. Toisaalta tarkastelen Faltinin henkilöhistoriaa käsittelevistä arkistodokumenteista koostuvaa lähdemateriaalia biografisen tutkimuksen keinoin, jolloin laajempi kulttuurinen kuva saa rinnalleen myös Faltinin itsensä muistaman ja tulkitseman historian. Kansalliskirjaston arkistodokumentit sisältävät muun muassa Faltinin kirjeenvaihdon, muistelmakäsikirjoituksia, konserttiohjelmia, todistuksia ja muita virallisia asiakirjoja, sävellyskäsikirjoituksia sekä nuotti- ja kirjamateriaalia. Tutkimuksessa esittelemäni uusi tai ennen referoimaton aineisto sekä korjaa että täydentää käsitystä Faltinin musiikillisen toiminnan sisällöstä, laaja-alaisuudesta ja merkityksestä suomalaisen taidemusiikkikulttuurin kehittymiselle. Myöhemmän musiikinhistoriankirjoituksen kuva Faltinista “Suomen kirkkomusiikin isänä” saa rinnalleen uusia ulottuvuuksia. 4 Abstract In this doctoral dissertation, I examine the musical agency of composer, organist, conductor and music pedagogue Richard Faltin (1835−1918) in Finland in the second half of the 19th century. The four articles in the study cover Faltin’s active career between 1856 and 1896. During that time, Faltin worked among others as awakener of Vyborg art music life (Article I), conductor of the first opera house founded in Finland (Article II), presenter of the international music trends and Wagner pioneer in Finland (Article III) and music teacher of the University of Helsinki (Article IV). The aim of my study is to examine the effects of Faltin’s activities on the development of Finnish art music culture in the second half of the 19th century, as well as illuminating Faltin’s penchant for creating permanent structures to promote musical activity in Finland. A closer look focuses on Faltin’s role as a nurturer of the first generation of musicians born in Finland and a supporter of the musical professional identity, as well as the influence of Faltin’s extraordinarily large international contacts on creating the structure and the models of Finnish musical institutes, such as music schools, orchestras, choirs and opera houses. Methodologically, the dissertation combines the research tradition of musicology and cultural history. I approach Faltin’s musical agency as a time- and place-bound historical activity, whose boundary conditions included language dissonances in Finland in the 19th century and Finland’'s position as the Grand Duchy of Russia. These are the issues I primarily research through historical newspaper articles and overviews. On the other hand, I examine the source material of Faltin’s archival documents on personal history by means of biographical research, whereby a broader cultural picture is accompanied by a history that Faltin himself has remembered and interpreted. The National Library’s archival documents include Faltin’s correspondence, memoir manuscripts, concert programs, testimonies and other official documents, composition manuscripts, and musical and book material. The new or unpublished material presented in my research both corrects and completes the understanding of the content, breadth and significance of Faltin’s musical activities to the development of Finnish art music culture. The image of later music history as “Father of Finnish Church Music” by Faltin takes on new dimensions. 5 Esipuhe Tämän tutkimuksen juuret ulottuvat kevääseen 2010, jolloin valmistuin musiikki- pedagogiksi (Musiikkipedagogi AMK) Helsingin Metropolia Ammattikorkeakou- lusta. Olin aina ollut tietoinen sukuuni kuuluvasta säveltäjä-esi-isästä, neljän suku- polven takaa löytyvästä Richard Faltinista, mutta vasta ammatillisten musiikkiopin- tojeni myötä aloin perehtyä tarkemmin hänen elämänhistoriaansa. Laulajana innostuin tekemään opintoihini kuuluvan kirjallisen lopputyön Faltinin yksinlauluista. Etsies- säni mahdollisia julkaisemattomia sävellyskäsikirjoituksia vierailin ensimmäisen kerran Kansalliskirjaston käsikirjoitusarkistossa ja se oli rakkautta ensi silmäyksellä: ymmärsin, että Faltin-arkistot ovat historiallinen, runsas aarreaitta, josta riittäisi mate- riaalia myöhempiinkin tutkimuksiin. Opinnäytetyötäni ohjannut MuT, lehtori Leena Unkari-Virtanen tunnisti innostuk- seni ja kehotti minua jatkamaan aiheen parissa. Häneltä sain myös idean perustaa Richard Faltin -musiikkiseura, minkä teinkin jo saman vuoden syksynä. Seuran halli- tukseen saatiin mukaan
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