THE AMERICAN

LEGIONMAGAZINE 20c 'FEBRUARY 1965 ARE WE DRYING U P ^ A CLOSE LOOK AT WHAT DROUGHT HAS DONE TO THE WATERS OF THE GREAT LAKES

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The American

FEBRUARY 1965 LEGION Volume 78, Number 2 POSTMASTER: Send Form 3579 to P.O. Box 1954 Magazine Indianapolis, Ind. 46206

The American Legion Magazine Editorial & Advertising Offices 720 Fifth Avenue Contents for February 1965 New York, New York 10019 Publisher, James F. O'Neil Editor Robert B. Pitkin MAKING THINGS BETTER IN YOUR HOME TOWN ... Assistant Editor John Andreola BY NATIONAL COMMANDER DONALD E. JOHNSON Art Editor There doesn't seem to be any limit Al Marshall jor those who try. Associate Editors Roy Miller James S. Swartz LOW WATER ON THE LAKES Production Manager Art Bret/field BY JOHN E. EULLER Copy Editor The Great Lakes have been going down for 12 Grail S. Hanford years and are hitting all-time lows. What Circulation Manager does it all mean to people near and jar? Dean B. Nelson Indianapolis, Ind. Advertising Director WHEN WASHINGTON CROSSED THE DELAWARE 12 Robert P. Redden BY NANCY GAGER CLINCH Chicago-Detroit Sales Office Bart J. Burns In bitter December a vanishing army crossed 35 East Wacker Drive Chicago, 111. 60601 the ice floes, quite as much to win the Americans CEntral 6-2401 as to defeat the enemy. CHANGE OF ADDRESS: NEW SALEM, ILL, ABE LINCOLN'S TOWN .15 Notify Circulation Dept., P. O. Box 1954, Indianapolis, Ind., 46206 using Post Office BY ALDEN STEVENS Form 3578. Attach old address label and A travel article for today's motorists about give old and new addresses and current membership card number. Also be sure to Abraham Lincoln's old stamping grounds. Eighth notify your Post Adjutant. in the series "Seeing Historic America."

The American Legion HOW INDIA FOUGHT ITS WAR WITH RED CHINA 16 Publications Commission: Dr. Charles R. Logan, Keokuk, Iowa BY PETER ANDREWS (Chairman); Adolph F. Bremer, Winonti, Minn. ( V ice Chairman ) Lang Armstrong. The sad story of what happens to a neutralist ; Spokane, Wash.; Charles E. Booth, Hunting- nation when it has to act on one side in a ton, W. Va. ; John Cicero, Swoyerville, Pa. crisis. Told by a war correspondent who was there. E. J. Cooper, Hollywood, Fla. ; Clovis Cope- land, Little Rock, Ark.; Paul B. Dague, Down- ingtown. Pa.; Raymond Fields, Cuy/non, Okla. WOULD INCREASED PAYMENT FOR OVERTIME WORK Chris Hernandez, Savannah, Ga.; George D. REDUCE Levy, Sumter, S. C. ; Howard E. Lohman, UNEMPLOYMENT? 20 Moor head, Minn. ; Frank C. Love, Syracuse, N. Y.; Morris Meyer, Starkville, Miss. TWO SIDES OF A NATIONAL QUESTION ; J. H. Morris, Baton Rouge, La. ; Robert M itchier, pro: REP. JAMES G. O'HARA (D-MICH.) Oswego, 111.; Harry H. ScharTer, Pittsburgh, con: REP. JAMES C. CLEVELAND (R-N.H.) Pa.; Bradley J. Stephens, Los Altos, Calif.; Wayne L. Talbert, Delphi, Ind.; Benjamin B. Truskoski, Bristol, Conn.; Robert H. Wilder, Dadeville, Ala. Edward McSweeney, A r monk, THE GOOFIEST SHIP IN THE JAPANESE NAVY 22 N. Y. (Consultant) BY JULES ARCHER The unbelievable story of the awful things that happened The American Legion Magazine is published to the skipper of a midget sub who monthly at 1100 West Broadway, Louisville, tried to attack Pearl Harbor on Dec. 7, 1941. Ky., by The American Legion. Copyright 1965 by The American Legion. Second-class

postage paid at Louisville, Ky. Price : singh- copy, 20 cents yearly subscription, $2.00. BEST KEPT SECRET OF WORLD WAR II .26 ; Order nonmember subscriptions from the Cir- BY PAUL DITZEL culation Department of The American Legion. P.O. Box 1954, Indianapolis, Ind. 46206 A picture story of a great disaster that knocked Editorial and advertising offices: 720 5th Ave., Bombay's harbor out a year in the midst for half New York, N. Y. 10019. Wholly owned by of WW2. The American Legion, with National Head- quarters at Indianapolis, Ind. 16206. Donald E. Johnson, National Commander.

Departments Publisher's Representatives LETTERS TO THE EDITOR ...2 VETERANS NEWSLETTER 29 West Coast Arden E. Roney & Assoc. EDITOR'S CORNER 4 NEWS OF THE AMERICAN LEGION ... 31 Los Angeles & San Francisco, Calif. DATELINE WASHINGTON 6 PERSONAL 41 Northwest The Harlowe Co. BOOKS 25 LEGION SHOPPER 52 Seattle, Wash. 98101 ROD & GUN CLUB 28 PARTING SHOTS 56 Portland, Ore. 97213 Southeast Manuscripts, artwork, cartoons submitted for consideration will not be returned unless a self-addressed, The Dawson Co. stamped envelope is included. This magazine assumes no responsibility for unsolicited material. Miami, Fla. & Atlanta, Ga.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1965 1 j —

6 reasons why selling LETTERS TO THE EDITOR

Roll Letters published do not necessarily ex- Tootsie demned its use of language, complained press the policy of The American Legion. Keep letters short. Name and address must that it didn't publish letters criticizing be furnished. Expressions of opinion and it, called it trash and bunk, and said requests for personal services are appreci- Candies ated, but they cannot be acknowledged or its readers must have warped minds. I answered, due to lack of magazine staff for for one would like to have her submit a these purposes. Requests for personal serv- ices which may be legitimately asked of report based on reading the last 12 issues, The American Legion should be made to analyzing what is trash or bunk about your Post Service Officer or your state (Department) American Legion Hq. Send them. Criticism is easy if it never gets letters to the editor to: Letters, The down to brass tacks. MAKE American Legion Magazine, 720 5th Ave- nue, New York, N.Y. 10019. Simon Jones Bronx, N.Y. VIETNAM sir: Gerald Steibel's article in Decem- sir: Miss Eddy criticized your use of MORE MONEY ber—"The Long Struggle in Vietnam" language. She used "terrific" to mean was an interesting and well illustrated "good." I graduated in five languages historical account of our involvement in and find a great deal more to praise in practically all of what, until the close your magazine than to criticize. FOR YOUR of WW2, was known as French Indo- W. T. Witt china. Birmingham, Ala. One thing that should be stressed is the grave importance to all the Free sir: Just got throu redin yore "bunky" of World victory there by South Viet- magazine (Re: Miz Patrice Eddy) an i GROUP: nam. The late President Kennedy was shore do feal bad cuz you collage trained quoted as having said: "It is their war folk have bin takin liberties with us pore (South Vietnam's). are the ones They illiturates. i gues my mind may be to win or lose it." It is more X IhIGH PROFITSil You get a big, easy to who have warped but I kaint git it figgered out earn 45<£ profit on every dollar sale of Toot- that. conflict is facet than This another as to wotinell she wuz doin readin it sie Rolls! of the communist plan for subjugation (the magazine) in the fust place, i may in this of the entire world—and case be kinda disheartened rite hear at lEASY TO SELL! Everybody from Coast- specifically another thrust at that inter- 2 | Christmas but pleze don't stop my sub- to-Coast knows and loves Tootsie Rolls. And, national conspiracy toward encirclement scription. they're nationally advertised on TV! of America. Soloman D. Johnson What with the managed news and the Westerville, Ohio 3 |NO RISkT] It's impossible for you to fact that our future involvement in lose money selling Tootsie Rolls! You invest Southeast Asia will pose many problems no cash and pay for the candy you sell sir: If Miss Eddy is a student, I hope in the immediate future, I would strongly after you sell it! she will continue her studies. If I have recommend that Americans read "Viet- a warped mind, possibly it is because I nam, an Eye-Witness Account" by Su- WEATHER-PROOF, TIME-PROOF! Tootsie sacrificed a chance at a full education by 4 | zanne Labin, an able writer with a Roll Candies are year-round favorites that volunteering in World War 1 before I wealth of factual data personally gained do not spoil or melt in any kind of weather. was 21. 1 felt that my country needed me by her on the spot in Southeast Asia. It so that such persons as Miss Eddy could is available in paperback form at $1.50 |EXCLUSIVE PACKAGING FOR GROUPSl| be able today to read and spell English. 5 from Crestwood Books, P.O. Box 301, Four attractive packages exclusively de- I was once stationed in Minneapolis, Springfield, Va. signed for Money Raising. The 50<: and $1.00 where Miss Eddy resides, and met some within everyone's A. Vincent Wilson selling prices are reach. fine people there. Pasadena, Calif. Bert A. Brannon 6 |WE SHOW YOU HOwTl Tootsie Roll has Jackson, Miss. developed a really practical, easy selling sir: The Vietnam piece was extremely plan for your organization. Get the details informative, but I have two questions. sir: . . . All my husband and I ask, after by sending the coupon below! Why wasn't it a UN operation? What 40 years as subscribers, is that you is the Constitutional authority that per- please continue the same policies. mits our involvement? Gladys Fisher Richard W. Palmer p> Elizabeth, N.J. Tootsie Roll Oaklyn, N.J.

sir: No Legionnaire, I read your Decem- Off the top of our heads: (1) The UN ber issue at a friend's home. It com- AL-245 would never do it. (2) Darned if we TO: PLAN MANAGER DEPT. pletely engrossed me, and I want to con- The Sweets Company of America, Inc. know the Constitutional authority. gratulate all those responsible for so 1515 Willow Avenue Hoboken, N.J. Only Congress can declare war. Since readable, fascinating, informative and Korea, this has been avoided by giving My group wants to raise money. Please attractive a magazine. But Patrice Eddy's send me details of your TOOTSIE ROLL war other names. Is there a Constitu- RISK" letter surprised me. It says little, speci- "NO MONEY-RAISING PLAN. tional lawyer in the crowd who can fically, as to what displeases her in the Name of spell this question out in a few words? Org magazine, and sounded as if she were just mad at the world and started out OUR PALS with a letter criticizing a fine publication Address. sir: In December you published a letter without offering any constructive com- Patrice of City_ State- from Eddy, Minneapolis, who ment. Your good-natured comment that identified herself as either an eighth you loved her for not "daring you" to grade student or eighth grade teacher publish her letter made a hit with me. Your Name- (her use of language wasn't clear), in George Herman which she damned our magazine, con- Chicago, III

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1965 BLITZKRIEG! The event that changed all our lives, revealed with a clarity impossible at the time!

Under wily Rommel, the "desert Nazi Blitzkrieg had made Europe a The inventors of "Blitzkrieg" got a Meanwhile, across the globe, the fox," the Germans blitzed their way captive fortress until D-Day. Many taste of their own medicine when the Japanese launched a Blitzkrieg of across a continent. A watching world Allies were not as lucky as the Allies took their brand of "lightning- their own— with the "day of infamy" trembled as the Allies reeled . . . LCVP survivors off Omaha Beach. war" into the heartland of Germany. attack on Pearl Harbor.

1 May We Send You jH Kfr "F]"F!

This Thrilling First Volume ^^BS|^HfflmB8BB of the New 16-Volume H^HBSIt 1 ^ ^ MILITARY HISTORY OF WORLD WAR II

EUBOP t£ "Dlitzkrieg—Lightning-War," they called it. And the "island-hopping" Pacific War . . . and the fac- Jj like lightning, World War II burst upon an as- tors behind our decision to drop the first atom tonished, virtually defenseless world, leaving nation bomb on an already doomed Japan! after nation prostrate, turning city after city into Here is no conventional military history of rubble, and leaving in its wake a tangled web of mere dates, names, and statistics. Pick up any events for some future historical work to resolve. volume and you plunge into a suspenseful drama The monumental new Military History of that will hold even the youngest readers spell- World War II is that work. bound. You find so faithful a reconstruction of Written with access to newly-opened archives events that as you read you catch yourself saying: of victor and vanquished, enriched by dozens of "Yes! This is just the way it was!" specially-created maps and hundreds of gripping Volume One—Your FREE Introduction photos (many published for the first time), The Military History of World War II reveals Judge for yourself the value of this new continu- at last the global conflict—as heretofore known ing reading adventure by accepting Volume One only by Supreme Commanders and heads of state! of The Military History of World War II — So deep was World War II's imprint on those "European Land Battles, 1939-1943," ABSO- who survived it, so violent the passions it arouses LUTELY FREE! Then each month, you will even today, only a gifted writer-historian like Col. receive a new book until your 16-volume home Trevor Nevitt Dupuy (U. S. Army, ret.) could library of The Military History of World War tackle the subject with balance and detachment. II is complete—each volume always at the special In this fascinating new 16-volume home library low Charter Subscriber's price of $1.95 plus a —now available on an easy book-a-month plan- small mailing charge, instead of the publisher's Col. Dupuy makes you an eyewitness to the map- catalog price of $2.50. ping of invasions and deployment of troops by As a Charter Subscriber you are not obligated Allied and Axis strategists. He puts you in battle- to take any minimum number of volumes—take front command dugouts and in guerrilla nests, in as many or as few as you like, and cancel mem- submarines and Flying Fortresses. He discloses bership whenever you like. In any case Volume information held "Top Secret" almost 20 years. One, "European Land Battles, 1939-1943," will be You learn how Gen. Mark W. Clark escaped yours to keep as our gift. capture by Nazi agents while on a cloak-and- But act now. First Edition sets of The Military dagger mission—by swimming to a submarine. History of World War II are limited. It will be Had Clark been taken, Allied invasion plans many months before we go back to press. To in- might have been foiled! sure getting your family's set of this permanent MAGNIFICENT You discover why Hitler stopped short of oc- literary heirloom, fill out the Charter Subscriber's 16-VOLUME LIBRARY cupying all of France. Had he driven on, he might Reservation Form and mail it today to: have seized North Africa without a shot! GROLIER ENTERPRISES INC., 845 Third Ave., You view the shocking picture of our losses in New York, New York 10022.

SEND NO MONEY-MAIL CHARTER SUBSCRIBER'S FORM TODAY! GROLIER ENTERPRISES INC., Dept. SH 845 Third Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10022 ABOUT Please send me "European Land Battles, 1939-1943," THE AUTHOR Volume One of THE MILITARY HISTORY OF Trevor WORLD WAR II, to keep without cost or obligation. Nevitt I understand that each month you will send a new book of the 16-volume Dupuy MILITARY HISTORY home library, which I keep for the Charter Col. Dupuy's Mili- may Subscriber's special price of only $1.95 (plus a small mailing charge) instead tary History takes . EUROPEAN LAND BATTLES, 1939-1943 the staggering body . EUROPEAN LAND BATTLES, 1944-1945 of the publisher's catalog price of $2.50, or return to . LAND BATTLES: NORTH AFRICA, SICILY, ITALY you in 7 days at your expense and owe nothing. I may of World War II Scholar, researcher, mili- . THE NAVAL WAR IN THE WEST: THE RAIDERS cancel at any time, and you will send no more volumes data and breaks it i. THE NAVAL WAR IN THE WEST: THE WOLF PACKS tary analyst, eminent subject. after receiving my cancellation. down by . THE AIR WAR IN THE WEST: SEPTEMBER 1939- MAY 1941 historian, Col. Dupuy's Each of his 16 fasci- . THE AIR WAR IN THE WEST: JUNE 1941 - APRIL 194S bestselling Military His- nating volumes deals . ASIATIC LAND BATTLES: EXPANSION OF JAPAN IN ASIA tory of the Civil War with a self-contained . ASIATIC LAND BATTLES: JAPANESE AMBITIONS IN THE PACIFIC NAME ( Please print) . ASIATIC LAND BATTLES: ALLIED VICTORIES IN CHINA ANO BURMA Land Battles and Mili- unit of the War . . . . THE NAVAL WAR WITH JAPAN: RISING reads as swiftly and SUN OF NIPPON tary History of Civil ADDRESS !. THE NAVAL WAR WITH JAPAN: ON TO TOKYO suspensefully as a War Naval Actions I. THE AIR WAR WITH JAPAN: AIR POWER LEADS THE WAY thriller. Here at last have been praised by I. THE AIR WAR WITH JAPAN: VICTORY IN THE AIR CITY STATE ZIP CODE is history come alive historians, book review- . THE RESISTANCE for every member of I. WORLD WAR II SUMMARY ers and grateful readers. the family! SIGNATURE ( If under 21 , have parent or guardian sign) PHONE

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1965 3 —

year. We are happy to say that more often mats now shamelessly serve California than not, Bob Walter, of our advertising and New York wines. U.S. wines don't staff, has been in the boat. need vintage distinctions, the product is EDITOR'S quite uniformly good from one year to the We are also happy to say that on page 12 of this issue, Nancy Gager Clinch next. The European china, crystal and CORNER — gives you the story of that cruel, bitter silverware that were once the frosting on crossing of the Delaware in 1776, and the the social presence of U.S. Embassies and

ACROSS THE DELAWARE, 1776-1964 remarkable reason for it. Consulates abroad are being replaced with American products. Their furniture, fur- This past Christmas, for the 13th straight time, a little group of friends GROWING UP A LITTLE nishings and decor are being given Ameri- can styling with U.S. products. The same motored to Washington Crossing, Penn- United States has had a cultural The for office furniture. Leading U.S. museums sylvania, one of them towing an exact inferiority complex ever since colonial and foundations have arranged to hang replica of an old Durham boat. Donning days. We have put a halo around Euro- great American paintings in our Ambassa- costumes of Washington and his officers pean people and products as being "class." they gathered around a dors' residences. and bodyguard, Bourbon is all right among us plain coun- engineering all campfire, read an historic document, then try boys, but when you make your million The guy who has been got into the Durham boat and rowed you serve only vintage French wines, and this is Deputy Under Secretary of State across to Washington Crossing. N.J., each thus prove that you have class. There cer- for Administration William J. Crockett, playing the role of one of the occupants of who, incidentally, is a Hastings, Nebraska, tainly is class in some European products General Washington's boat back on Legionnaire. —each on its own merits. There are Euro- Christmas Day, 1776. Satisfied with their pean people with class—each on his own It is a source of personal satisfaction to ritual, they reclaimed their automobiles trappings of merits. But it was not solely on their own us to see State dump the and drove home. Originator of this annual merits that throneless European royalty cultural inferiority. We also think that the ceremony is St. John Terrell, theatrical became the darlings of U.S. uppercrust, change is diplomatically important. We producer, inventor of the "Music Circus" that rich Americans had to have only Lon- think that in all of our diplomacy to date, summer theater, and a real George Wash- don tailors, that only Dior in Paris could foreign ministers have capitalized on our ington buff. His is the Durham boat, say what women could wear, that Euro- being apologetic, an attitude in interna- modeled after the boats that used to carry pean art—irrespective of the artist—was tional dealings that has been reinforced to ore down the Delaware from the Durham always more special than American art. our disadvantage by our own symbolic iron mines in colonial times, and he it is These broad notions are all the children of confessions that they had the class and who has organized every crossing since a national sense of cultural inferiority. we didn't. 1952. They don't take an army, just the So what? So we are happy to note that Now we have another problem to solve. first boat, and the party in the boat num- the United States Department of State How long will it be before Susy Smith, bers from five to eight, depending on the has finally grown out of this colonial from Topeka, can become a great ballet weather, each year. In fair weather and neurosis. No longer do our Ambassadors dancer without changing her name to foul; in blizzard, sun and rain; in ice jam ride in Rolls-Royces, they ride the Detroit Natalia D'Jurbi? That's part of the same and open water they have embarked each product. At receptions overseas, our diplo- disease.

MEET OUR AUTHORS In this issue we have a piece on the rec- I ord low water on the Great Lakes and

what it does and doesn't mean and what can and might be done about it. Author John E. Euller lives on Lake Ontario. He Of all the Englishmen is a graduate physicist, a teacher in Rochester, N.Y., and author of an inter- esting current book, "Ice, Ships and Men," who drink gin... dealing with the experiences of ships in Arctic ice, going way back. It is published by Abelard-Schuman, N.Y. how many Nancy Gager Clinch wrote the epic of Washington Crossing the Delaware. She has had a long string of pieces in The drink Gordon's? Georgetowner, in Washington, D.C., about Revolutionary battles and leaders. Peter Andrews knows all about "How of them. And it's been that Most India Fought Its War With Red China." way for years. To be blunt He was there, up front, as a Hearst cor-

about it, Gordon's is England's biggest respondent in 1962. Jules Archer, author of the incredible selling gin— as it is America's and the story of a Jap midget sub at Pearl Harbor world's. Why? Probably because we Gordons (The Goofiest Ship in the Japanese Navy), have always refused to tamper with is a professional writer who lives in Pine writes for and old. a good thing. Gordon's still harks «2 Plains, N.Y. He young Two recent books of his for young people back to Alexander Gordon's original are: "Twentieth Century Caesar-Benito formula — conceived in London 195 Mussolini" and "Front-Line General years ago — so its distinctive dryness Douglas MacArthur," both published by Messner, Inc., N.Y. and delicate flavour remain un- Julian Paul Ditzel, who got together the photos unchallenged to this changed and and wrote the text of the WW2 explosion day. Ask for Gordon's by name. in Bombay harbor (The Best Kept Secret of WW2), lives in Los Angeles, has writ- ^PRODUCT OF U. S. A. 100% NEUTRAL LTD.. LINDEN, SPIRITS DISTILLED FROM GRAIN. 90 PROOF. GORDON'S DRY GIN CO., N.< ten on a broad range of subjects for many familiar U.S. magazines. His father is a a flag * charter member of Troop I Post, Ameri- can Legion, in Buffalo, N.Y. rbp

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1965 . .

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OFFICIAL | AMERICAN APPLICATION for YEARLY RENEWABLE TERM LIFE INSURANCE for MEMBERS of THE AMERICAN LEGION LEGION LIFE PLEASE TYPE OR PRINT ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS CHECK MUST ACCOMPANY THIS APPLICATION INSURANCE Full Name Birth Date PLAN Last First Middle Day Year Permanent Residence IMPORTANT Street No. City State Name of Beneficiary _ .Relationship If you reside in New Example: Print "Helen Louise Jones," Not "Mrs. H. L. Jones" York, North Carolina, Ohio, Texas, Wiscon- Membership Card No. Year Post No. State sin, Illinois, New Jer- I apply for a Full Unit of insurance at Annual Premium of $24.00 or a Half Unit at $12.00 Q sey or Puerto Rico, do The following representations shall form a basis for the Insurance Company's approval or rejection of this not use this form. application: Instead, write to 1. Present occupation? . Are you now actively working? American Legion Life Insurance Plan, P.O. Yes No If No, give reason Box 5609, Chicago, 2. Have you been confined in a hospital within the last year? No Q Yes If Yes, give date, length of Illinois 60680. Appli- stay and cause cations and benefits 3. Do you now have, or during the past five years have you had, heart disease, lung disease, cancer, diabetes vary slightly in some areas. or any other serious illness? No Yes If Yes, give dates and details MAIL TO: I represent that, to the best of my knowledge, all statements and answers recorded on this application

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LIFE INSURANCE the policy. I authorize any physician or other person who has attended or examined me, or who may attend or examine me, to disclose or to testify to any knowledge thus acquired. PLAN, P.O. BOX 5609, Dated. 19. Signature of Applicant. CHICAGO, ILLINOIS OCCIDENTAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY OF CALIFORNIA, Home Office: Los Angeles GMA-300-6 ED. 5-63 60680

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1965 ,

Presidential Succession.

Federal Fume Control? DATELINE ill Race to Curb the Court. WASHINGTON

Fearful that public apathy will kill off the impetus PEOPLE AND QUOTES: of last year ' s drive for a constitutional amendment on LIFE WITH COMPUTERS Presidential succession, Sen. Birch Bayh (D-Ind. , is ) "I foresee a time when com- organizing a grass-roots crusade through the Junior Bar puter terminals will be as Conference of the American Bar Association . . . His widely distributed as television goal ... to make the proposal into the 25th Amend- sets are now, at the same order ment by mid-1967. of expense, when kids will use ." The proposal provides for Presidential appointment of them to do homework. . Prof. Ulrich Neisser, Brandeis Univ. a new Vice President when a vacancy occurs ; for the Vice President to serve as Acting President when the Presi- AUTOMATION or the Vice President dent declares his disability, when "I am presently convinced and Cabinet declare the President to be disabled . . . that automation makes more of Houses, would have a role ." Congress, by votes both key jobs than it destroys. . Sec'y in any of these acts of succession . . . especially in of Labor W. Willard Wirtz. the anticipated controversy of when the President be- comes disabled and when he takes over again. CENTRALIZATION "In far too many ways we are heading away from reliance A special Senate subcommittee headed by Sen. Edmund on the citizens' common sense, S. Muskie (D-Maine), is determined to control auto ex- personal responsibility and haust fumes by federal legislation as the most effective freedom of action toward Fed- means of reducing the nation' s air pollution. eral domination over almost The subcommittee, which has been studying air pollu- every phase of our economy." Former President Eisenhower. tion for nearly two years, is convinced that the fumes emitted daily by the nation's 82,500,000 autos, trucks ONE GERMANY and buses are the major source of community air pollu- "We Americans intend to tion problems. make every effort to bring Smog-smitten California has already taken steps to nearer the reunification of Ger- curb auto fumes, and the auto makers are scheduled to many through self-determina- provide the requisite control equipment in the 1966 tion." Under Sec'y of State model cars slated for that state. George Ball. The Senate subcommittee wants, among other actions, to NOOSE FROM CHINA extend the California system to the rest of the nation "U.S. Imperialism has over- right away . . . The Federal Power Commission, however, extended its reach. It adds a suggests an alternative —battery-operated electric autos. new noose around its neck every time it commits aggres- sion anywhere." Mao Tse-tung, Efforts to nullify the U. S. Supreme Court ' s decision, chairman, Central Committee, which declares that both chambers of the state legisla- Chinese Communist Party. tures must be app ortioned on a population basis , are under way on two fronts . DETERRENCE-READINESS The initial steps toward achieving a Constitutional "Deterrence depends on the readiness. If de- Amendment curbing the court in this area—assuring that credibility of terrence fails, victory depends at least one chamber of each state legislature may be on readiness." Gen. Creighton elected on a non-population basis are being pushed in — W. Abrams, Jr., Army vice chief Congress . . . Here, despite the hot reaction of the of staff. rural Congressmen fearing loss of state control to the urban areas, the court curb drive failed last year. TRUST IN FBI in the FBI is an Another approach, even more difficult perhaps, is "Public trust important part of law enforce- through convening of a Constitutional Convention to ment and national security. If write the Amendment . . . Such a convention may be called that trust is chipped away, upon petition of two-thirds of the states — 34 out of our defense against crime, 50 ... To date, some 15 states have voted to take this espionage and subversion is step . . . The action is provided for in the Constitu- weakened." J. Edgar Hoover, tion, but though tried before, has never succeeded in director, Federal Bureau of In- achieving the requisite two-thirds vote. vestigation.

6 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1965 .

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Making Things Better in Your Home Town

By NATIONAL COMMANDER

acute shortage of funds and administrative talent What special responsibility is your Post prepared to assume AN was about to force the closing of the community hos- in the event of a natural disaster? During the 1955 hurricane pital serving Louisiana's Jefferson Davis Parish (County). floods that devastated six eastern states, American Legion- Private citizens in the town of Jennings took over the facility, naires were among the first to provide organized rescue and soon had it running in the black, and in time replaced it relief services. None did a better job than the trained auxiliary with a modern new hospital which they continue to own police unit of Winsted, Connecticut, Post 43 1 and operate for area residents. Earlier, not 20 miles away, These achievements don't just happen. They are the product exactly the same thing had happened in Crowley, Louisiana. of hard, painstaking work by American Legionnaires who In Yreka, California, students and teachers wanted an ob- believe that community betterment is their personal problem servatory which the town couldn't finance. A citizens' group and are willing to give time and talent to lick it. Is it worth built one on a nearby mountain top. the price? Ask the members of Edward B. Rhodes Post 2 in These projects had three attributes in common. Each filled Tacoma, Washington, who teach blind children to swim, or a community need. Each involved a high degree of local those of the Millville, New Jersey, Nabb-Leslie Post who staff initiative and teamwork. Each was conceived and completed and operate an ambulance corps as one of many public under the leadership of an American Legion Post—Post 19 in services they render for Millville. Jennings, Post 15 in Crowley, and Post 122 in Yreka. If a project is too big for a single Post to handle, buck As a result of similar efforts by Legionnaires over the years, the leadership role to the District or Department level—but The American Legion today means community service in hang onto your share of the work. Arranging an annual hundreds of localities. "Children's Circus Party" for several thousand underprivi-

Is your local economy as strong as it might be? Legionnaires leged and crippled youngsters entails logistic problems that of Burnet, Texas (population 2,000), decided theirs wasn't. would challenge the Quartermaster Corps. Ninety-one Ameri- Years ago they organized a "do-it-yourself" redevelopment can Legion Posts of the Detroit Districts Association have drive, got the whole town behind it, and in 10 months' time been doing it since 1957 by pooling their funds and man- the town had spruced up the business district, added market- power. One chore they don't have to wrestle with is finding ing outlets, opened a public library, and converted wasteland professional drivers and escorts for a fleet of buses; there into a recreation center. The result: new business, new career are plenty of volunteers from The American Legion's own opportunities and a renewal of civic pride. Detroit Street Railways Post 394 and Detroit Police Post 161. In the Black Mountain Valley region of Kentucky's Harlan Southern California's 18th District provides another ex- County, identifying The American Legion with community ample of effective teamwork at the regional level. There 28 service is as easy as turning on a television set. Two years American Legion Posts, with the help of the U.S. Forest ago a handful of Legionnaires of Zester Bowlin Post 237 in Service, sponsor field instruction for high school senior boys Kenvir spent the spring and summer building a relay antenna interested in forestry and conservation careers. and stringing 27,000 feet of coaxial cable that enabled the Among American Legion Departments, both New York isolated area to receive TV signals for the first time. Like most and Wisconsin have long operated convalescent camps for worthwhile projects, it's a continuing one; Post members ailing veterans. At "Camp Legionville" in Minnesota, School keep the antenna and cable in working order. Safety Patrol members from every school in Minnesota have Chicago's Harold A. Taylor Post 47 found an equally im- fun and learn more about traffic safety under American portant, if less dramatic, way to combine communications Legion auspices. The Department of Vermont many years and public service—and any metropolitan Post can adapt it. ago set up a college scholarship fund for deserving young- For more than a decade the Post has functioned as a conveyor sters of the State. The fund is augmented by a small assess- belt of information from the City Health Department to ment of Department membership dues. neighborhood residents. Starting in 1958, Post 47 Legionnaires The samples cited here don't begin to measure the job organized and provided quarters for a series of Salk Vaccine being done by The American Legion in the crucial area of Clinics with emphasis on pre-school children. Last spring, in community service. However, we are nowhere near our an extension of their health information service, they dis- maximum performance. That will come only when every tributed 2,500 American Medical Association "medical ID American Legion Post is directing at least one activity keyed cards" to persons likely to need emergency medication. solely to the community's gain, of which it is the chief sponsor. When doctors in isolated Park County, Colorado, came up If your Post isn't sponsoring such a project, you can help with the potentially life-saving idea of a "Walking Blood to start one. Look for a service that no one else is providing.

Bank," South Park Post of The American Legion volunteered Whatever form it takes, make sure The American Legion is to make it work. Good planning and dynamic promotion re- the prime mover. The ultimate proof of The American sulted in the issuance of 386 blood-type registration cards, for Legion's commitment to a better, healthier, stronger America quick reference in an emergency. is in the doing.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1965 7 THE DETROIT NEWS Low Water

Huron's Thunder Bay. Mills (background) face a serious shipping problem. Normally, waves would be thrashing seawalls at left.

By JOHN E. EULLER effluent of septic tanks and treatment they can no longer get through the low plants. The sight—and odor—was any- water in some smaller locks. The big bulk midsummer 1964, the water in thing but pleasant. carriers that ferry grain and ore from the the Great Lakes was low. On At the fishing village of Killarney, Lake head to the lower ports are always Bysome of them it had never been so Ontario, perched at the edge of a wilder- loaded to the last inch of depth that will low in the memory or records of man. ness on northern Georgian Bay, the safely carry them over harbor entrances. From Sault Ste. Marie on Michigan's up- story was the same. Art Jackman, long- When the water level in these harbors per peninsula to Massena, N.Y., the la- time resident and businessman, says he drops, then of course the ships cannot be ment rang out: "Low water on the has never seen the water so low. "It loaded so deeply. A drop of one inch in Lakes!" hasn't actually hurt the commercial fish- water level reduces the cargo-carrying The concern was real enough. In April ing, nor the sport fishing, for that matter, capacity of lake freighters by 60 to 100

1 964, my wife and I were at the eastern but it's spoiled the shoreline." Small tons. It is easy to figure the effect that a end of Lake Erie. We stood on dry wonder! Lake Huron, down five feet one-foot drop in level would have on the rocks of Waverley Shoal. A decade be- from the average, was the lowest it has capacity of the approximately 700 large fore, we had sailed over the same spot in been since measurements began 100 vessels that ply the Lakes. The carriers a 35-foot cruiser. Small boats now must years ago. want harbors deepened and other con- be dragged across wide stretches of But the mildly voiced complaints of the trols established to stabilize water levels. beach or rocky shore to get to water. The shore dwellers were as nothing compared Private and public power companies water level was down more than four to the rumblings from those who use that use Great Lakes water have long feet from the high of 1952. the Lakes for commerce and industry. shown concern over water levels. Low Along the closely built up banks of The Lake Carriers Association ex- water means a smaller volume of flow the St. Clair River, which is part of the pected a revenue loss to shipowners for through generator turbines. This causes waterway joining Lake Huron and Lake 1964 of $65 million as a result of a 9.6 a reduction in plant capacity and ulti- Erie, conditions were worse. Low water million ton cutback in haulage and de- mately results in higher production costs. levels exposed slime covered rocks and lays (at $150 an hour) caused by larger The Power Authority of New York State a multitude of pipes that discharge the ships piling up at one big lock because has taken as its particular target the City

8 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1965 ON THE Lakes Lakes Huron and Michigan are

at all-time lows and Lake Ontario will soon be there.

Are we drying up? What does it mean to people?

of Chicago, which diverts water from Lake Michigan at the rate of 3,200 cubic feet per second for the purpose of maintaining navigation and diluting sewage in the Chicago Sanitary and Ship

Canal. Some of it is returned, the rest reaches the Mississippi Diversions into by way of the Illinois River and therefore is never returned to the L. Superior Great Lakes basin. . J5t,i The Power Authority, which generates electricity on the St. 7Nipfgo»( Lawrence at Massena. N.Y., claims that the Chicago diversion has caused a permanent lowering of Lake levels and that the annual loss in production capacity amounts to million for i Power Houses-I $2 a* .Dam every 1,000 cubic feet per second diverted. The utilities people were not fooling; their claim was made before a Special Master of the U.S. Supreme Court during 2" \ lengthy hearings which concluded in August 1963. The Power Authority and its co-claimants want Chicago to reduce its diversion to 500 cubic feet per second. Chicago, fighting a desperate battle against * %^\*Duluth n increasing problems of sewage disposal and pollution. {Turn to next page)

o

j. > • //Navigation Locks. Regulating works The Great Lakes and their watershed, based on an Army Engineers Lake Survey map. Lakes are world's largest \ fresh-water system.

100 150

Alpena < Scale of Miles

Si Iroquois Dam 3> IS Massena

i

Toronto^ LAKE ONTARIO t Power r" diversions < Port Huron i Navigation wbuand canal

and power diversions. . Navigation diversion Kto\^f into New Yorkork Canals siaa ~^^ ^Buffalo^Buffalo

»- ' Toledo^vV^.^

> Cleveland Penn

#/ O

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1965 CONTINUED Chicago over Huron-Michigan. Michi- gan's bottom dips to 342 feet-below-sea- level, Huron's to 169. Erie's depth Low Water ON THE Lakes doesn't get to sea level, but Ontario hits 532 feet-below-sea-level. The total drop

across 1 ,000 miles of water from Duluth, wants to increase the diversion. The and Virginia. They are such a good water Minn., at the western end of Superior, Supreme Court will make a decision trap that if they were much better they'd to Buffalo, N.Y., at the eastern end of early this year (1965). salt up, like the Caspian Sea. Each Lake, Erie, is only in the order of 30 feet. But Collingwood Shipbuilding, Ltd., the going down the chain, receives all the the last plunge to Lake Ontario is 327 main industry of Collingwood, Ontario, natural runoff from those above it. They feet down the Niagara River, over have but one natural outlet, the St. Niagara Falls and down Niagara's gorge. last year faced a layoff of 1 ,000 workers. The drop in Lake Huron had removed Lawrence River. All but Erie are tre- The volume of water in the Lakes is as- the shoreline so far from permanent yard mendously deep holes. Four extend tronomical. A drop of one foot in the lev- facilities that the launching of ships was below sea level, and three drop off to well vel of all the Lakes involves a reduction becoming unfeasible. If the Lake drops below the 282 feet-below-sea-level of dry of 2,748,448,000,000 cubic feet of water another foot, shipbuilding will have to Death Valley in California. Lake Su- (2.7 trillion). About 21 trillion cubic cease, and the town is certain to ex- perior's bottom plummets to 700 feet- feet of water falls in the form of rain and perience an economic crisis. In Canada, below-sea-level, while its average surface snow on the Lakes and their watershed apprehension reached the highest cham- level is 602 feet-above-sea-level. Superior in a year, on the average. The discharge bers; in April 1964, Prime Minister is such a giant tank (383 miles long, and into the St. Lawrence accounts for about Lester Pearson stated that the Canadian up to 160 miles wide and 1,300 feet 6V2 trillion cubic feet of runoff a year. Government will "adopt all measures" deep) that it holds more than half of all The rest (about 15 trillion cubic feet) is to ease the problem.

But what exactly is the real nature of the problem? Are there any measures that can be adopted? Has there been a general decrease in rainfall—the ulti- mate source of Great Lakes water? Are the Lakes drying up in the process of their normal evolution? Has man gone too far in his tampering; are all the dams and ditches, canals and channels, diver- sions and developments which drain water from the Lakes affecting water levels? Is the whole country drying up? What lies ahead? First, although the water situation in the Lakes touches directly on the lives of more than 27 million people, and indi- rectly on many more, it does not neces- sarily reflect what is happening to rain- fall all over the country. Although they are the largest chain of fresh water bodies in the world, the five Great Lakes catch all their water from a relatively small land drainage area. Not a single long river flows into them. Only a short distance from their shores the land falls off into the watersheds of the St. Lawrence, Hudson Bay, the Mississippi Great Lakes freighters are loaded to the imit harbor entrances will permit, and a one-inch drop in lake level requires loadin g a ship like this about 100 tons lighter. system and various eastern runoffs into the Atlantic. the water in the Great Lakes, the greatest virtually all lost by evaporation, the No drop of rain or flake of snow that volume of fresh water in the world. equivalent of almost three Niagara Falls lands 100 miles from the nearest lake in Superior's average flow of water into rushing into the atmosphere around the the system is in the natural watershed. Lakes Huron and Michigan (really one clock. This is all piddling compared to

(The system includes two good-sized body of water) is 72,000 cubic feet per the volume of the Lakes, as it involves smaller lakes—Lake Nipigon in Canada second. By the time each Lake has added the disposal of about 2.6 feet of rainfall and Lake St. Clair, near Detroit.) its own raincatch and surface runoff and over the watershed in an average year,

If a pond ten feet across received all passed it along, Lake Ontario dumps a while four of the Lakes have depths that its drainage from a belt of land around it normal 230,000 cubic feet per second range from over 800 feet to over 1,300 a yard and a half wide, you'd have the into the St. Lawrence, about 85% of feet. So it isn't surprising that the effect approximate relation of water surface to which you can see going over Niagara of man on the level of these colossal land drainage area of the Great Lakes. Falls before it gets to Lake Ontario. tanks to date is minuscule, though man Nevertheless, the Great Lakes catch all Lakes Huron and Michigan, combined has made a measurable dent in them. the surface water that falls on an area as one inland sea, have the biggest sur- Man-made projects have diverted 5,000 of the United States and Canada that's face area of fresh water in the world cubic feet per second into the Lakes from bigger than the whole northeast United (45,410 square miles compared to Su- the Hudson Bay watershed on the north. States, from Maine to, and including, perior's 31,820). It is 576 miles on one They have diverted up to 3,200 cubic feet Pennsylvania, Kentucky, West Virginia water level from Port Huron, Mich., to per second out of the Lakes via Chicago

10 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEB RUARY 1965 A chart based on a Lake survey drawing shows the relative depth of the Great Lakes, four of which extend far below sea level. Hori- zontal distances are far out of scale. The invisible drop from Lake Huron to Lake Erie via Lake St. Clair is about 9 feet. into the Mississippi system. They have drop, it is natural to wonder if that is not wild year-to-year fluctuations in local upped the outflow from Erie to Ontario a gauge of one of nature's sweeping rainfall. by 7,000 feet per second via the Welland changes. Does it show that we are at the (2) Over longer periods, such as ten Canal around the Niagara River, and beginning of a trend toward permanent to 25 years, there are moderate fluctua- they have removed 1,000 cubic feet per drying up of vast inland areas of the tions in the average annual rainfall at second into the New York Barge Canal country? any one inland point from one such at Tonawanda, N.Y. The net stable effect A short-term look suggests the possi- period to another. But they are just as apt of all this, say the Army Engineers, has bility. The present low water on the to be up as to be down, and as apt to be been to raise Huron-Michigan AVi inches Lakes reflects persistent rainfall shortage up at one place when down at another. 3 and to lower Erie 2 A inches. since 1961 —in effect, a three-year ( 3 ) Over the long haul of years noth- Only nature, over enormous periods drought not yet ended. And this comes ing important is happening to rainfall at of time, has made sweeping changes in on top of a slower decline in Lake levels all. You can do a huge labor of arith- the Great Lakes. Huge glaciers scooped going all the way back to 1952. Starting metic, putting together U.S. Weather Bu- them out over 20,000 years ago. Erosion in 1952, Lake Erie had gone down 4 3A reau figures for every year for points all of channels and slow, long-range tilting feet in 1 2 years. As if the Lake situation over the country—going back 50 years and heaving of the land brought them early in 1964 were a prediction, from and more—and prove nothing except through many phases until their present July on drought hit broad areas of the that flood and drought are part of the pattern was well established perhaps country, from the Rockies to the North- normal picture. The shorter the period of 2,000 years ago. Before then they had at east. By November, eastern city reser- time, the wilder the fluctuation in rain- least seven different natural outlets at voirs were showing their bottoms. State fall. various times, instead of the lone St. governors in areas far from the Great Yet something serious is happening.

Lawrence. The Maumee River, which Lakes watershed were calling for emer- Man is building into each watershed a flows into Lake Erie at Toledo, once gency measures, while the Lakes' own massive complex of thirsty people and flowed out of it into the Mississippi sys- dry spell continued and they continued machinery, and sooner or later, in each tem. So did the St. Louis River, which to fall. watershed, he approaches the point drained a very early stage of Lake Su- But long-term records don't permit a where every year he needs the "normal" perior at Duluth. The beautiful Trent conclusion that anything abnormal is water supply, or even more. But nature Canal in Canada, through which small happening at all. Lake Erie was lower in never supplied the "normal" amount boats now cruise from Lake Ontario to 1936 than in 1964. It rose more than every year. Along comes a perfectly nor-

Lake Huron, follows an old channel five feet in 1 6 years before its present 12- mal dry spell of some few years and man through which some of Huron's water year decline. Accurate records since finds himself in trouble. The more he once naturally bypassed Lake Erie. 1860 show swings of Lake basin rainfall crowds a watershed and the more his Lake Michigan used to drain naturally up and down, with the Lake levels follow- needs require the average rainfall every into the Mississippi system by way of ing the rainfall trends. No general trend year, the more the random fluctuations the present Chicago and Illinois Rivers, to either more or less rainfall over the in rainfall jeopardize his way of life. (In but when Louis Joliet first arrived on the long haul, or toward predictable cycles, many areas of the country, such as Los scene in 1673, the Chicago River flowed is found in 100-year records. Angeles, man needs far more than the into Lake Michigan. He was the first to Rainfall records for inland points all local rainfall ever supplies.) It is at this suggest that the flow could artificially over the country show three things to point that man must raise whatever works be reversed at this low point of the Lake anyone who will do the arithmetic of he can to defeat the fluctuations and hold basin, a suggestion that Chicago carried following the year by year records: the average or bring in more water. This out in the last century. ( 1 ) At any one place where a decent he has done all over the country, with When the Lake levels persistently amount of rain is at all normal, there are {Continued on page 39) THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1965 \\ —

HEN WASHINGTO

It was to win a victory over the Americans that

the General and his men suffered so cruelly. Beat-

ing the redcoats was simply the only way to do it

By NANCY GAGER CLINCH History books now in use in some of our schools refer to George Washington as a general who lost more battles than he won.

It is a pity that such statements do not tell school- children more about strategy. Strategy sometimes does, and sometimes does not, require victories in the field. In 1776, Washington backed his army off from Boston to Long Island to Manhattan to White Plains to Fort Lee, N.J., down New Jersey and over the Delaware into Pennsylvania opposite Trenton. Had Washington risked his whole army in a pitched battle at any point of this long series of bitter re- treats—and lost—the Revolution would have ended right there in favor of the British.

Had he won any such battle it would not have won the Revolution. The British had more troops better trained, better equipped—and fleets to move them from port to port. Losing any one battle, they could bring in reinforcements. The colonies were weak. They needed to develop both the time and the will to fight a prolonged war that would tire the parent country. Time might see the French intervene. Time might see the colonies win the Revolution in the British Parliament. Time might see Washington's pitifully small, untrained, badly-supplied army grow in size to match Lord Howe's superior force. Washington's job, clearly seen by him, was to keep his army whole no matter how many skirmishes he lost, no matter how many times he beat a retreat. The British could not win no matter how many port cities they held so long shooting battle of no necessary military importance, against a superior as the colonies had intact forces under arms. Every foe, in order to win his own people back to his side. He had little with

time Washington managed to extract his men from which to do it. In the dead of winter many of his men would have to battle and retreat, it was a victory of the policy to march to the attack without shoes on their feet. keep an undefeated colonial army in the field. Christmas Eve, 1776, dawned bleak and bitterly cold for tattered But alas! The colonists, seeing retreat after re- American soldiery strung 30 miles along the Delaware River's west treat, understood strategy no better than some bank. Pitifully few in number to guard the nine ferry crossings, they modern historians. Popular support for Washing- shivered in open posts, hugged muskets to half-starved bodies, and ton's army fell off. Its supplies, money and credit watched fearfully for the flash of scarlet uniforms. As soon as ice dried up. Appeals for materials and reinforcements formed on the river or the enemy built boats to replace those the went unanswered and the Continental Congress Americans had seized, the British bayonets, they knew, would be at fled south. their throats. Now came the time, as it has to other generals, This was the tiny band of desperate Americans—wretchedly clothed, when Washington had to risk everything to win a ill-fed, poorly armed, sick, weary and demoralized from four months

12 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1965 REPRODUCED RY PERMISSION OF THE METROPOLITAN MUSEUM OF ART. GIFT OF JOHN S. KENNEDY, 1897 CROSSED THE DELAWARE

'Washington Crossing the Delaware," by Emmanuel Leutze

of shattering retreat—who formed the one week the enlistment terms of almost "pardon." Washington's Maryland and only defense between the redcoats and the entire army would run out. By the New Jersey militia shouldered their fire- the American capital at Philadelphia. A first of the New Year, Washington would locks and went home. week before, Gen. George Washington, be reduced to 1,400 untried men. Short enlistments were the curse of their commander-in-chief, had written "If every nerve is not strained to re- the army. Time and again Washington Congress that most of his soldiers were cruit the New Army with all possible ex- was left on the verge of ruin as his "so thinly clad as to be unfit for service." pedition," he had written privately, "I trained troops departed and a motley The lack of necessities was appalling and think the game is pretty near up." horde of undisciplined civilians took included three essentials of any army: Reinforcements were as scarce as over- their place in the embattled lines. It had men, money, and morale. The legislators coats. In the freezing, galling retreat happened at the siege of Boston. It was had fled to Baltimore, while panic- through New Jersey, hardly a new man about to happen again. When would stricken Philadelphians evacuated all they had joined up to defend his native soil. Congress wake up and give Washington could carry. The American Revolution Instead, the citizens were nocking to the the long-term, professional army for was on the verge of abandonment. In just British by the hundreds to accept a royal which he pleaded? The General was fur-

THE AMERIC I LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1965 13 (•OXTINTUD WHEN WASHINGTON CROSSED THE DELAWARE

ther weakened by an officer corps based Washington had already made that On the evening of December 24, more on politics than ability. Both he fateful decision. Washington called together his officers and Gen. Nathanael Greene had argued On the 14th of December, he wrote and mapped out the bold operation. On that the commander-in-chief must have Connecticut's Governor Trumbull: "The the next night, the 25th, the scarecrow greater authority and discretion. How troops that came down from Ticonder- American Army would cross the Dela-

could Congress, far from the scene and oga . . . may in conjunction with my ware in three places. Col. John Cad- full of dissension, hope to run the army present force, and that under General walader. with some 2,000 militia, would efficiently? Events had proved they Lee, enable us to attempt a stroke upon engage the 1,500 Hessians at Borden- couldn't, yet the lawmakers clung jeal- the forces of the enemy, who lay a good town, six miles south of Trenton. Brig. ously to their prerogatives. deal scattered, and to all appearance, Gen. James Ewing and 1,000 militia Washington's chief hope had already in a state of security. A lucky blow in were ordered to occupy the south bank failed him. For weeks he had vainly this quarter would be fatal to them, and of Assunpink Creek below Trenton to awaited reinforcements from his sec- BETTMANN ARCHIVE ond in command, Gen. Charles Lee. On December 13, the arrogant Lee, whom many Americans both in and out of Congress looked on as their potential savior, was foolishly captured by enemy dragoons. Even the stoutest patriot hearts plummeted. A few replacements had trickled into the Pennsylvania camps. Major Generals John Sullivan and Horatio Gates brought 2,600 troops from North Castle and Ticonderoga, while 1,500 Philadel- phia volunteers had recently arrived. But no more than 6,000 effectives re- mained out of a paper strength of

1 0,000. With this skeleton army, half of

it raw militia, not even the most opti- mistic leader could hope to stem the ad- vance of more than 20,000 well-fed, well-armed, highly disciplined, battle- hardened British. Many leading patriots had already turned their coats and made peace with the expected victors. The rest, though clinging to their beliefs, felt on the edge of an abyss. "A thick cloud of darkness and gloom covered the land and despair was seen in almost every countenance," Alonzo Chappel's painting of Washington rallying his troops at the Battle of Princeton, wrote an American officer. The prospect January 3, 1777, probably based on the action at Stony Brook bridge. was grim, both for the newly born Re- public and for the Revolution's leaders. would most certainly raise the spirits of cut off the enemy's retreat. The main Treason carried the death penalty, which the people which are quite sunk by our assault would be led by Washington, his was often savagely executed by hanging, late misfortunes." two wings commanded by Generals drawing, and quartering. The same day he wrote to Gates: "If Greene and Sullivan. With 2,400 vet- Yet, though they faced imprisonment, we can draw our forces together, I trust erans, they would cross together at Mc- death and dishonor, the army's more in- under the smiles of Providence we may Konkey's Ferry nine miles above Tren- domitable spirits refused to give up. De- yet effect an important stroke, or at ton. Greene's division would take the feat had only toughened them. Wrote least prevent General Howe from ex- upper or Pennington Road and Sulli- one: "About two thousand of us have ecuting his plans." van's the Lower or River Road, conver- been obliged to run damned hard before On the very brink of total defeat, ging simultaneously on the village. about ten thousand of the enemy . . . the General coolly resolved to take the Washington set the time of attack: one

However, I cannot but think we shall offensive. When the British least ex- hour before dawn, the day after Christ- drub the dogs." pected it, he would attack. His force was mas. The password: "Victory or Death." To Washington, his adjutant general so small that the gamble could be no At Trenton, 1,500 Hessians held the Col. Joseph Reed declared that "some- partial commitment. Nearly the whole anchor end of a long chain of British thing must be attempted to revive our Continental Army would recross the posts, stretching 80 miles from the Dela- expiring credit, give our cause some de- Delaware and strike the enemy's most ware to Gen. William Howe's headquar- gree of reputation, and prevent a total exposed outpost—Trenton. If the army ters at New York. The line was, as Howe depreciation of the Continental money could only produce a victory, no matter admitted, "rather too extensive," yet

... I will not disguise my own sentiments how small, the country might rally again the British commander had every rea- that our cause is desperate and hopeless, to the cause of freedom. If it lost, all was son for the complacency he showed. if we do not take the opportunity of the lost. As Washington himself replied to Why waste valuable men when time collection of troops at present to strike Colonel Reed, "Necessity, dire necessity would soon complete the destruction of some stroke." will, nay must, justify my attack." {Continued on page 42)

14 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1965 )

(Readers may find this series of value on future motor trips or of interest to stu- SEEING HISTORIC AMERICA #8 dents of American history. We suggest you clip and save each as it appears.) A travel series for motorists

By ALDEN STEVENS Field Director, Mobil Travel Guide ON a bluff overlooking the San- gamon River, 1 8 miles northwest of

Springfield, 111., and about 200 miles southwest of Chicago, is the recon- structed town of New Salem, where the immortal Abraham Lincoln failed at everything he attempted and in failing learned to be a man. At 21 he had left his poverty-stricken father and stepmother and moved to New Salem. He spent a little more than six years here as rail-splitter, postmaster, clerk, storekeeper, surveyor and handy- man. Here he was defeated when he first ran for the Illinois legislature. Here he volunteered for duty in the Black Hawk War but never saw service and here (it Part of Abe Lincoln's New Salem, restored. NEW SALEM, ILL., ABE LINCOLN'S TOWN

a.m. until dark. Picnicking sites and ial. It is a most impressive structure, free,

limited camping space are available. open daily except January 1, Thanks- is said) he lost his first love, Ann What's nearby? In Springfield, Illinois' giving and Christmas. Rutledge. A less promising beginning capital, 1 8 miles to the southwest of New Springfield has many historic attrac- could scarcely be imagined. Salem, is the only home Lincoln ever tions in addition to the Lincoln sites. Lincoln was born near Hodgenville, owned. It is now a state memorial at Ky. His family, in classic American Restaurant Info: 430 S. 8th St., free, open daily except 1965 Motel and pioneer fashion, headed west and settled At New Salem: Very good—New Salem Lodge, 2 mi. south of Petersburg on ILL 97. 27 rooms, first in Indiana and then in Illinois. The pool. Good cafe (lunch and dinner only), open Lincoln Heritage Trail now touches most Mar. 15-Nov. 15. (217) 632-2440. At Springfield—Motels: Outstanding—Inn of of the significant points in the Lincoln the Lamplighter, 7 mi. south on US 66. 46 rooms, pool. Cafe. (217) 529-5454. Excellent—State story in all three states. It is a fascinating House Inn, 1st & Adams Sts. 156 rooms, pool. Cafe, bar, (217) 523-5661. Excellent—Holiday tour. But it in Salem and in was New Inn, 625 E. Joseph St., 3 mi. south on US 66 Springfield that Lincoln truly became the at jet. City 66. 132 rooms, pool. Cafe, bar, (217) 529-1631. Restaurants'. Very good—The Georg- great American he was. ian, 9th St. & S. Grand Ave., open 24 hours, closed Tuesday, also Thanksgiving, Christmas. Lincoln read and studied here, and Bar. (217) 522-2446. Very good—The Mill, 906 N. 15th St. Lunch, dinner, bar. Closed Monday. here he decided that he must become a (217) 522-0208. (There are many other fine motels, hotels and restaurants in Springfield. lawyer. admitted to the bar in He was See Mobil Travel Guide to the Great Lakes Springfield in 1837. Area.

The town has been excellently restored January 1, Thanksgiving and Christ- Your appreciation of historic sites is and is now "Lincoln's New Salem State mas. At City Square is the old capitol greatly enriched if you read about them Park." Only one of the original buildings building (presently the Sangamon first. Your library may have Carl Sand- remains, the Onstott Cooper Shop; but County Courthouse), where Lincoln burg's Abraham Lincoln, The Prairie the Rutledge Tavern and many other made his famous "house divided against Years. There are hundreds of other books buildings are authentic reproductions itself" speech. It has been bought for about Lincoln, consult your librarian. furnished with period pieces and with restoration by the state and is open dur- Write Illinois Information Service, 406 some actual Lincoln items. The park is ing business hours. In Oak Ridge Ceme- Capitol Building, Springfield, for infor- free, open daily (except on January 1, tery, north of the Capitol via 1st St., is mation on the Lincoln Heritage Trail Thanksgiving and Christmas) from 8:30 the Lincoln Tomb, also a state memor- and Lincoln's New Salem State Park.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1965 15 HOW INDIA FOUGHT ITS WAR WITH RED CHINA

An eyewitness story of what happened when a "neutralist" nation

couldn't be neutral and had to give its people leadership in time of crisis.

Chinese equipped with high-speed burp guns and heavy mortars. At Ndholaca, 1962, Red China attacked India on the approaches to the rich oil fields of Inout of Tibet. After grabbing im- Digboi, an Indian detachment was over- mediate objectives along the high whelmed. They fought on until the am- mountain frontier, the Chinese simply munition ran out and then tried to cut stopped the war on their own initiative. their way out with bayonets and en- Nobody knows why the war stopped. trenching tools.

India didn't stop it. Best guess is that By November 21, the Indian frontier China was not ready for the involvement Army was in full retreat. Forward ele- with other powers that might have fol- ments of Red infantry stood supreme on lowed her overrunning the Indian low- the slopes looking down on the Assam lands. The ease with which the Chinese Valley and could have taken the area by did as they pleased against the Indians Author Peter Andrews, who was foot patrol. a Hearst war correspondent. filled all of Southeast Asia with fear and For a few weeks India and Communist respect for the Chinese communists. casts to listen to, tried to keep their minds China, comprising one-third of all man- Less well known is the extent of the off the bitter cold by tuning in the routine kind, teetered on the verge of being ineptness of India's response to the Chi- reports coming in from their mountain sucked into a full-scale war on the roof nese attack as a result of her long- patrols. Suddenly the wave bands were of the world, in this, the first open mili- standing policies of "neutralism." This rilled with the high-pitched chatter of tary confrontation with the Red Chinese can only be understood by looking at Chinese battle orders. On opposite ends since Korea. But, with the heart of the how India fought the war. The people of a 2,500-mile mountain frontier, Asian subcontinent lying open to them, of India felt a rush of patriotism and a 100,000 Communist Chinese soldiers the Chinese in a gesture of incredible willingness to sacrifice such as they per- rose up and stormed into India. contempt simply called off the war. Keep- haps had never felt before, and the story On the western end near Kashmir, ing hold of several strategic areas, they of India's response is largely the story of Red Chinese tanks lumbered down the marched back into their mountain the inadequacy of a "neutralist" govern- Chip Chap Road toward Karakoram strongholds. ment to lead a willing people in time of Pass while another armored column I was one of the few Americans who crisis. scrambled over the three-mile heights to was able to get any sort of look at this The first signs that an attack was com- seize the strategic Chushul airstrip. To tragic "Alice-In-Wonderland" border ing were picked up over regular tran- the east, in the North-East Frontier war. As the military correspondent for sistor radios—the kind you take to the Agency (NEFA), two Chinese infantry the Hearst Newspapers, I had been sent beach and keep hoping you won't hear divisions (20,000 men) raced across the to cover the U.S. military supply mission the Beatles, but always do. Thrang La Ridge and rolled up an Indian to the Indian forces. I got to New Delhi It was October 20, 1962. Indian sol- brigade (5,000 men) scattered along the early in November on a giant Air Force diers in headquarters units strung out Kechilan River. The Indians, wrestling C-130 jet transport carrying a load of along the lower ranges of the Himalayas with their World War 1 bolt-action Lee semi-automatic weapons and ammuni- who couldn't find any commercial broad- Enfield rifles, were routed by the Red tion. There had been a lull in the frontier

16 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1965 Nehru and virtually the official symbol of anti-Western sentiment among the neu- tralist bloc, liilili: had been putting his consid- Karakoram Past ! V a /~~^ ^Jltt«^B| erable energies toward systematically gutting one of the fine armies of the world. Since 1959, staff officers had pleaded for new, light-weight, semi- v. ' " v.. i. c D G\H/ automatic rifles to replace the Enfields. Menon waved aside their arguments and J concentrated on reducing the national defense budget. Combat veteran officers had been pressured out of the service when Menon convinced Nehru that they were too much like their old British comrades and didn't really understand India. The commander in chief, K. S. "Timmy" Thimayya, who had shown the world something new in armored tactics when he committed tanks into battle at

mountain elevations of more than 1 3,000 feet against Pakistan in 1948, was forced to quit for arguing with Menon over promotion policies. The replacements for these experienced veterans were largely political appointments, hand- picked by Menon. Under his dictum that Pakistan was the only real possible enemy on India's border, the northern frontier defense was reduced in spite of three War map. The Chinese took limited objectives, then stopped. Arrows show the two command fronts. Chinese highway went through Indian territory (left), which was kept. years of border intrusions by Red China. In Ladakh, the Chinese connected Tibet with fighting. An Indian detachment was still October 26—long after more than 20,- and Communist China a paved miraculously holding on at Chushul. 000 square miles of Indian territory had supply road on the Indian side of the There were reports that the Chinese had been seized by advancing Chinese units. giant Kunlun Mountains and it was two been stopped on both fronts. Indian civil I tried to check in on the Defense years before Indian patrols discovered it. authorities were even beginning to talk Ministry but the whole place was in Even so, before a shot was fired, Indian about mounting a counteroffensive. They chaos. For the past five years Krishna intelligence had accurately reported that sent orders up to the frontier command- Menon, Minister of Defense, delegate to as many as 100,000 Chinese troops were ers to "drive the invaders from every the United Nations, chief advisor to massing in the Himalayas armed with inch of Indian soil." Actually, the Chi- recoilless rifles and heavy mortars. From nese were regrouping for a knockout Hong Kong there had been reports that punch to drive the Indians out of the Red Chinese were suddenly buying up mountains altogether. millions of rupees and were probably

Everywhere I could see Indians rally- anticipating using the money for occupa- ing to a single cause as they had not done tion currency. All this was disregarded in since independence. Old men, carrying New Delhi. When the Chinese did pour

their pre-World War 1 Empire service across the frontier, many of India's best uniforms carefully folded in paper bags, troops were on idle garrison duty near

joined 14-year-old boys in the enlistment Pakistan. I was told that there had not lines. There was a daily riot in front of even been any preliminary planning for the main enlistment office in New Delhi a military action larger than a possible when administration personnel couldn't border skirmish with Pakistan. Within keep up with the applicants. The rich The late Prime Minister Nehru tells the Defense Ministry, there was not one turned in their gold and street beggars in all India on radio that Chinese had single study of a possible economic or crossed border to attack with tanks. Calcutta contributed a few annas from military mobilization of India. their daily take to the general war fund. After the Chinese attacked, all kinds I read a story of a band of local Indian of plans, most of them desperate and highway bandits who had been sending unworkable, were hatched in New Delhi in donations. during those first dark days. One Minis- But if the Indian people were outraged ter who shared Nehru's obsession with at the Chinese invasion, Government the possibility of Chinese air strikes on leaders still seemed to be largely in shock Indian urban centers, cranked out a pro- over the shambles the attack had made of posal to purchase, equip, train and man India's long-standing policy of coopera- a separate supersonic air fighter com- tion with Red China and nonalignment mand to defend Indian cities. He esti- with either West or East. The late Prime mated that the whole operation could be Minister Nehru never did break off diplo- done in about 20 days. Indian units, still Defense Minister V. K. Krishna Menon, matic relations with China! He had de- in summer battle dress, were yanked off whose soft policies were held re- clared a state of national emergency on sponsible for India's unreadiness. their stations in the humid plains of cen- THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1965 \J CONTINUED HOW INDIA FOUGHT ITS WAR WITH RED CHINA

tral India and rushed up to the frozen to make the pickup, saying only that the Himalayan frontier without extra blan- deal was off. kets, socks or winter gear. The idea in "My God," a general fumed to me in the Defense Ministry was that it would Calcutta one night, "all he talks about be faster to send the men up as they were are those bloody MIGs. Even if we get and then air drop the winter gear to them them we don't have the ground support when they got there. When the supply systems in place yet to make them work." planes flew over the positions, however, The MIGs never did come. Nehru there were no drop zones big enough to made his first public mention of Western handle the reception. The planes tried aid in a speech to Parliament on Novem- anyway, and cold weather gear was sent ber 20 when he promised an aroused crashing irretrievably down the steep legislature he would ask for more. sides of the Himalayas. Ammunition and Under great pressure from the Parlia- food shortages on the lines became na- ment, Nehru fired Menon, although the tional scandals. Minister still had the run of Nehru's New Delhi was bristling with over- home in New Delhi and wielded great night officers who were still feeling their influence with the Prime Minister. Gen- way about in the service. I met a briga- eral Thimayya was brought back as dier who seemed particularly vague Nehru's personal military advisor, and J. about the military, and kept confusing N. Chaudhuri, a Sandhurst graduate and the strength of a company with that of a a veteran of El Alamein, was put in as corps. His aide spoke to me later and commander in chief of the Army. The said not to expect too much from the two of them were just starting a giant general because he had only been in the house-cleaning operation when a few re- Army two weeks. The Ministry, how- porters, I among them, got a chance to ever, kept tight control over the military get up closer to the front and hopped a in the field. Throughout the first weeks, plane for Tezpur, the capital of Assam. field commanders were under orders to On the flight up to the northern refer even small-scale tactical situations frontier headquarters of the Indian to New Delhi for consultation. Army, 1 read a description of the north- Military aid from the West poured east frontier written by a 17th century into India. The United States set up a Indian explorer who called it "another fleet of more than 70 cargo planes, in- world whose frightful roads are like cluding a dozen C-130's, to airlift auto- paths leading to death. The great forests matic weapons, heavy mortars, 75mm. that clothe its hills are full of violence howitzers, land mines and ammunition. like the hearts of the ignorant."

From Britain came more than 1 50 tons It has not changed appreciably since of materiel, including new Bren and Sten then. Up in the high ridges the cold gets guns. Canada sent special cold weather under your eyelids. Until you have be- transport and cargo planes. Australia come acclimatized to the thin air, every opened up a line of credit for almost $2 step is torture. Many of the Indian re- million in armament purchases. Nehru cruits were suffering from the nausea of was still clinging to his nonalignment mountain sickness. posture, however, and avoided public Scattered along the lower slopes are mention of Western aid. Publicity about tribes even the National Geographic the American airlift was kept out of the doesn't like to write about. The Apatini largely state-controlled press. One pic- and Tagin are confirmed headhunters. ture appeared in a New Delhi newspaper The Miri prize human heads and also showing an American cargo plane un- boast an encyclopedic knowledge of loading materiel. An administration offi- deadly poisons, which they are quick to cial personally hustled over and ordered use on anyone they suspect of carrying the picture squashed. Whenever the sub- on with their women. The Daflas just ject of aid came up publicly in India, seem to hate everybody. In 1953, a group Nehru said only that he had been assured of Daflas annihilated a detachment of that the Soviet Union would be sending Indian Assam Rifles for no apparent rea- Indians with mules and old Enfield rifles, MIG-21 jets in accordance with an agree- son other than they were bored and near Se La Pass before their rout. ment made a long time before the inva- wanted a little excitement. In neighbor- sion. Instead, Moscow sent home the ten ing Sikkim, where the American heiress Indian pilots who had gone to Russia Hope Cooke is now a maharani, torture,

18 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • F EBRUARY 1965 .

sophisticated and otherwise, is standard workhorse in Korea. Called the Hachi procedure. A man who once offended a Shiki, the tactic was to advance in an local leader was tied bent over back- inverted "V" formation with the ends wards, sewn into a freshly cut Yak skin facing the enemy. As the defense was and hung up to dry. The constricting skin drawn into the weak center, the two slowly doubled up the man and splin- wings would swing closed, while a third tered his backbone a few days later. column cut around to the rear and sealed Farther down the valley the area be- off the area from possible reinforce- comes lush and almost semitropical. It ments. Though this was scarcely one of is the natural home for India's giant the mythical Chinese "human wave" at- leeches and cobras. tacks, Kuo-Hua, like most Chinese com- But when I got to Tezpur, the des- manders, nevertheless, considered a three- perate lack of road space was the chief to-one ratio in his favor ideal for assault. headache facing the Indian Army. There The Chinese swept around the dug-in was one road from the air strip at Tezpur positions at Se La and struck at the sup- to the strategic defense point in Se La ply base in Bondi La, leaving the "im- Pass 70 miles away. The road was so pregnable" Indian division in the rear to

narrow in spots that jeeps running sup- stumble out as best it could. Veteran Gen. "Timmy" Thimayya, ous- ted by Menon, was hastily called back plies forward had to take off their side On November 17, three days after to duty in midst of chaos and panic. spare wheel to get up and down the road. Kaul had declared himself "impregna- The supply route started in the valley ble" at Se La, the Indian Army began to and twisted up and over 10,000-foot ele- evacuate all along the line in the face vations, spun back down to a base camp of sweeping Chinese hammer blows.

at Bomdi La at 5,000 feet and then Two days later it was in full retreat. snaked back up to Se La at almost 14,000 In Tezpur, panic had begun to pull the feet. Indian supply officers figured 18 city apart the way a cat plays with an hours was the minimum for the 70-mile old sweater. trip even without the usual mechanical Until the Indian push of November

breakdowns. In spite of the difficulties in 1 1 collapsed and the Chinese swept for- just keeping his troops fed and clothed, ward, the city had held up pretty well. Indian frontier commander Brig. Mohan The frontier Army HQ made an elab- Kaul was still trying to obey the orders orate show at being casual. On the village to "drive the invader from every inch of square, women in their saris shouldered Indian soil." 11, he On November rifles and tried to master dismounted a mounted modest attack along the drill to the noisy command of a veteran Walong River. After a barrage from In- Indian sergeant. A Civil Defense Depart- dian 25-pounders, a 1,000-man force ment was established and work was attacked and cleared the Walong slopes begun on digging slit trenches and de- of the Chinese. The victory was short- fense breastworks on the edge of town. lived, however, because Kaul, still out- The presence of even a few Americans gunned and outnumbered, could not seemed to be helpful. An old gentleman consolidate his gains. The Chinese com- plucked Hal Bruno of Newsweek by the New Delhi residents joined patriotic mander, Gen. Chang Kuo-Hua, quickly sleeve and, nodding heavily, told him, resurgence of Indian people to defend struck with a massive counterattack "President Kennedy will save us." their country by any means possible. the Luhit down Valley where Kaul's But on the 15th, the first of the troops were still displaced from their wounded from routed Indian units were November 1 1 attack. At the same time, carried in for airlift evacuation to mili- the Chinese launched a major thrust tary hospitals in the rear. from the missionary village of Towang A captain, whose company had been toward Se La, keystone of the Indian decimated by smothering Chinese at- defense of NEFA. tacks, could only shake his head and Although his lines were buckling on all mumble, "Massacre—massacre." His sides, General Kaul was still confident he unit had been holding a point near Bombi could stop the Chinese at Se La. On La when the Chinese attacked. They had November 14, he showed a group of worked in close during the early dawn. reporters a map of the area and assured At first light the Chinese jumped up, us that his defenses, consisting of almost throwing a grenade barrage, and an entire division with naked flanks charged, laying down a field of fire with wedged in the three-mile-high mountain automatic weapons that could outfire pass, were "impregnable." the Indians' Enfields 20 to 1 "Here, we dominate the Chinese," he The captain looked at me as if he had said. been cheated somehow and added, "This

As Kaul was speaking, the Chinese isn't the way we were taught it would advanced to test Se La's impregnability. be." Kuo-Hua's tough cadre of Korean vet- The road leading from the mountains erans spotted Indian gun emplacements choked up with refugees from the that had been left exposed and hit them Monpa Hills who joined the retreat to with heavy mortar fire. The infantry Tezpur. Many of the Monpas, Residents of Tezpur flee to the Brah- who were into maputra as poorly led Indian troops swung a variation of the basic for- cousins of the Tibetans, had their first were driven back in mountain passes. mation that had been the Chinese tactical (Continued on page 45) THE AMERICA LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1965 J9 "

OPPOSING VIEWS ON

WOULD INCREASED PAYMENT FOR OVER

YES

Rep. James G. O'Hara (D-Mich.) sions and more than three-fourths hold insurance to 12th District which employers contribute. The cost of supplemen- THE WAGE AND HOUR provi- tary benefits averages about 20% of cash wages and sions of the Fair Labor is considerably higher in some companies and indus- Standards Act of 1938 were, in tries. the words of a slogan of the day, If business conditions require an employer to lay designed to build "a floor under off newly hired workers, he runs the risk of raising wages and a ceiling over hours." his unemployment insurance tax rate. He may also Yet in 1963, the last year for incur an obligation for additional payments to his sup- which complete figures are plementary unemployment benefit fund. When he available, an average of more than 35 million hours of hires or rehires employees he must pay for vacations, holidays and insurance for them. If he works his pres- overtime per week was worked. Between 25' { and 30% ent labor force overtime his cost for these benefits will of all manufacturing employees worked overtime, and each of them worked an average of nine to ten hours be practically unchanged. There are certain training of overtime a week. The equivalent of overtime hours and hiring costs incurred in the employment of new in industries covered by the federal wage and hour workers. Additional obligations for social security tax payments (imposed on the first of wages only) law is approximately 1.25 million jobs. At the same $4,800 time, there are more than 3 million unemployed. may also be incurred. In many industries, wage practices have rendered I do not claim that my bill, which is designed to reduce excessive overtime work by increasing the the time and one half penalty ineffective. A greater financial deterrent is needed to discourage overtime overtime premium, is a solution to the unemployment problem or that reductions in overtime can be con- and encourage employment of additional persons. verted into equivalent reductions in unemployment. As President Johnson said in his 1964 State of the ". Union message, . . . our goal is not merely to spread It is clear, nevertheless, that much overtime em- goal is jobs. ployment arises from the cost of non-wage supple- the work. Our to create more mentary benefits which have substantially reduced "I believe the enactment of a 35-hour week would increase costs, invite inflation, the incentive of employers to limit overtime. When the sharply would would share instead one and one half time provision was enacted, workers impair our ability to compete and merely received few fringe benefits and were not generally of creating employment. But I am equally opposed to the 45- or 50-hour in those industries where entitled to paid vacations, pensions, insurance or even week excessive of increased paid holidays. Social security taxes were lower, and consistently use overtime causes only a few states imposed higher unemployment in- unemployment. surance tax rates on employers who did not maintain a stable work force. Today, social security taxes have increased, paid vacations are prevalent, nearly two-thirds of all workers covered by collective bargaining have pen-

If you wish to let your Congressman or one of your Senators know how you feel

on this big issue, fill out the "ballot" on the facing page and mail it to him.

20 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1965 —

OVERTIME WORK PAYMENTS BY REP. JAMES G. O'HARA, MICH., AND REP. JAMES C. CLEVELAND, N.H.

TIME WORK REDUCE UNEMPLOYMENT? NO

Rep. James C. Cleveland (R-N.H.) compensate for lost income; this demand for higher 2nd District wages would be felt by all industries. The proposal for double-pay One of my chief objections to this proposal, besides penalties for overtime would the fact that it would not accomplish its objective, is not reduce unemployment. In- its positive potential for harm to small business. Large stead, it would penalize labor industries, with their vast capital resources, might in job opportunities, in earning learn to live with this proposal. For the small business- power, and in living costs. man, however, this proposal could mean extinction. Proponents argue that such This is typical of many proposals by big government. legislation would create more Big business and big unions can find ways to get along jobs because industry would hire additional workers with the bureaucrats' bright ideas. But for the small rather than pay penalty rates for overtime. businessman this is not always so. In reality, this proposal would create more unem- Further, some industries would have to pass on a ployment. While the Secretary of Labor says that the portion of the increased costs of operation to the equivalent number of new jobs represented by work- American consumer. A higher cost of living would pro- ers now working overtime is over 900,000, he does not vide a double penalty on the worker who already has recognize that there are not available skilled men lost part of his salary. able to fill these positions full time. In fact, there is This "make-work, spread-work" proposal could now a shortage of workers in many industries paying create more unemployment, while at the same time overtime rates. having an inflationary effect on prices. It would hurt Limited in plant space and equipment, many in- the competitiveness of industry, indeed put some small dustries might be required to work overtime regard- businesses into bankruptcy, and restrict their ability to less of the penalty. This would create no new jobs. grow and employ more workers. The overtime penalty would aggravate unemploy- More government regulation of issues best left to ment by increasing the pressures to seek labor-saving free bargaining between labor and management is not methods in production. Rather than paying increased the proper approach. The cure for unemployment lies penalty rates or taking on inefficient or untrained in sustaining a high rate of economic activity and fos- personnel, industry would accelerate the introduction tering small business and new business, along with of automation. expanded education and retraining programs to give If industries eliminate overtime, more moonlighting the unskilled new opportunities to find employment. would occur. Those workers deprived of their usual The cure does not lie with artificially created jobs, overtime will seek other outside jobs. To make the which in the final analysis will strangle business and same money, they will have to work longer on their further investment and employment opportunities. second job, thereby decreasing their efficiency on both jobs, and taking some of the "newly-created" jobs. Workers now receiving doubletime pay, when cut (?.(X*a«£. off from extra income, would demand wage hikes to

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE

I have read in The American Legion Magazine IN MY OPINION INCREASED PAYMENTS FOR OVERTIME WORK

for February the arguments in PRO & CON: WOULD WOULD NOT REDUCE UNEMPLOYMENT?

Would Increased Payments For Overtime Work SIGNED

Reduce Unemployment? ADDRESS TOWN STATE..

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1965 21 The Goofiest Ship in the Japanese Navy

By JULES ARCHER The frustrating experience of a Japanese

azuo Sakamaki commanded a midget two-man Japanese sub midget-sub officer who was supposed to attack that led the attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. Well, he didn't exactly attack Pearl Harbor. He Pearl Harbor and ended up as Prisoner No. 1. tried to. valiantly. But what happened to him is shuddersome to relate. Naval Intelligence accounts of his questioning (reported in Congressional hearings), plus the investigation of his After high school he applied for ad- larger sub to within a few miles of its captured midget sub. and the reports of mission to the Japanese Naval Academy, target. But its short-haul speed was very destroyers on patrol at Pearl Harbor en- and was one of the lucky 5% accepted high, and it could run destroyers a merry able us to piece together the whole sad for rigorous naval training on the island chase for a while. story. In addition, Sakamaki added his of Eta Jima. With other cadets he took With four other midget sub crews, Sak- own melancholy musings about the epi- the stern training stoically and after grad- amaki trained 1 8 hours a day for almost sode eight years later in a few chapters uation and a year at sea, the young en- a year and a half in order to carry out of a book called "I Attacked Pearl Har- sign, now 22, with cropped black hair a single suicide mission. bor," published by the YMCA in 1949. and stern mien, received special orders In June 1941, Sakamaki was given his with an English translation by Toro Mat- from the Minister of the Navy to board own midget submarine and one crew- sumoto. a fleet mystery ship called the Chiyoda man. Seaman Kyogi Inagaki. One day Sakamaki's confirmation of his at- at the naval shipyard at Kure. they would be set loose ten miles from tempts to sink the battleship USS Penn- Reporting to Capt. Kaku Harada, Pearl Harbor. They would try to creep sylvania, without getting close, underline Commander of the '"Special Naval At- into the American base at night, lie on an experience in human frustration tack Unit," in August 1940, he was told the bottom until daylight, rise to the sur- which may be without parallel in the his- that he now had the proud honor of be- face not before a surprise carrier-plane tory of warfare. longing to a suicide squad of two-man raid, and add their total of ten torpedoes If his story were not a true fragment midget submarines. Japan's new secret to the mischief of the planes. Any sur- of history, one might suspect it was the weapon. He would be trained as one of vivors would have no set plan for getting slapstick invention of a script writer for five skippers destined to spearhead a fu- back home. In no event were they to be a Jerry Lewis film. But Naval transcripts ture Japanese Sixth Fleet attack against taken alive or their subs to be captured of interrogation verify its authenticity. the American Navy. whole. (The specifics of this plan were Had the rest of the Japanese Navy had Kazuo was thrilled by his first sight not known to the men as they trained, Sakamaki's brand of luck, the whole of the midget sub. It was 78 feet long, but they thoroughly understood that American fleet might have remained in- over six feet in circumference, with a theirs would be a suicidal mission.) tact and afloat that fateful day at Pearl. squat, oval conning tower. Skipper and Kazuo was a little perturbed by the Kazuo Sakamaki's road to Pearl Har- crewman sat at the base of the tower, tendency of the midgets to collide with bor started almost with his birth in a which was open to the rest of the hull. one another and run aground. The steer- small fishing village on the island of A platform behind their seats allowed ing did not seem entirely predictable, Skikoku on November 18, 1918. Like the skipper to stand and sight through but he was too tactful to say so. most Japanese children before World the periscope. An electric motor in the On November 16, 1941, in the middle War 2, he grew up with deep reverence rear was powered by batteries fore and of the night, the midgets and their crews for his parents, teachers and the Em- aft the length of the hull. were loaded aboard Class I submarines peror. He was a deeply patriotic Shin- There was only a little more room to of the Third Submarine Squadron. Saka- toist who firmly believed in Japanese move around inside it than in an armored maki's went on the 1-24, Cmdr. Yoshita mythology, and was convinced he would tank, and its battery-powered cruising Hanabusa commanding. Vice Admiral rejoin his ancestors if he died honora- range was so small that it would have to Shimizu informed them that they were bly. be piggy-backed across the ocean on a {Turn to next page)

22 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEB RUARY 1965 End of the trail. With Sakamaki a P.O.W., the sub—a traitor to the last—lies on a Hawaiian beach instead of blowing up.

Pearl Harbor, Dec. 7, 1941. Sakamaki's sub U.S. newsmen inspect sub's interior at Mare Island after Navy removed motor. kept him from getting as close as this. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1965 23 CONTINUED The Goofiest Ship in the Japanese Navy sailing for positions of readiness off Ha- go in on top of the water or under it he long as they got into the harbor before waii, for war with the United States. could only choose to go in "somehow," sunrise they would be all right. They Kazuo wrote a letter to his parents and unless Commander Hanabusa cancelled would proceed by themselves and do prepared his mind to sacrifice himself. his mission. Wrote Sakamaki after the "their utmost." He drank some wine and The flotilla sailed east and, from Wake war: ate, and they moved off slowly, on a Island on, surfaced only at night. Saka- Captain Hanabusa turned to me and course based on the magnetic compass. maki was not overconfident of himself asked: After ten minutes he raised the ship as a sailor. When on the deck of the 1-24 "Ensign Sakamaki, we have arrived slightly and peered through the peri- he tied a rope around himself. One night at our destination, but your gyrocompass scope. They were heading back toward while slicing between Wake and Midway is not working. What are you going to Japan. He ordered a change of course. he managed to be washed overboard. do?" Another peek, and they were wrong The prudent rope saved him. On the night To this I replied without hesitation: again. Three or four changes of course

Two Torpedoes Electric Motor

Batteries Tanks Batteries

Sakamaki's sub could do 24 knots submerged for 90 minutes, which made it a tough target for destroyers. Maximum range was 100 miles at 4 knots in 4th gear. Stern speed was 4 knots. It was 78 ft., 10 in. long, and its biggest diameter was 6 ft., 6 in. Crew had very narrow passages for crawling to batteries, ballast, or motor.

of December 5 (U.S. time ) , distant lights "Captain, I am going ahead!" still found the midget heading anywhere showed and jazz music from Honolulu "On to Pearl Harbor!" the captain except Pearl Harbor when Sakamaki heralded their presence in enemy waters. shouted. dared a periscope look. Dozens of efforts The radio music gave me a queer feel- "On to Pearl Harbor!" I echoed. were no better. Minutes turned into ing, he wrote. I entered my midget submarine. hours. That night he and Inagaki found that He intended to steer submerged by My hands were wet with cold sweat,

their midget's gyrocompass wasn't work- memory and use of an unreliable mag- he wrote. The night was spent . . . mov- ing. That meant that they could not steer netic compass, and perhaps up-periscope ing in total blindness . . . the fatal morn- reliably when submerged. On the other occasionally to check his blind steering. ing was coming upon us . . . the ship hand, they could not give away the at- As he and Inagaki climbed the conning would never go where I wanted to. tack by going into Pearl Harbor on the tower and squirmed through the hatch, From midnight till dawn the little sub surface, hours before the carrier raid. Sakamaki stared hard at Pearl Harbor, staggered about just outside the harbor,

On the evening of the 6th, with the so close that it seemed unmissable, and going in every direction but the right one. gyrocompass still out of whack, the etched its direction in his mind. Then, Now the sun was up. squadron of parent subs was 20 miles hatch down. Oahu was clearly visible . . . two U.S. south of the red and green lights of Pearl The 1-24 submerged. Kazuo started patrol craft [Destroyers Ward and Mo- Harbor and boring straight in. Launch the midget's electric motor and felt the naghari] going back and forth. time was 1 1 p.m., ten miles from Pearl. parent sub accelerate to give him a bet- It was 7 a.m. and they were nowhere They were to enter the harbor at mid- ter launch. With a bang the releasing gear near the harbor mouth, with 55 minutes night and settle quietly to the bottom to freed the four big holding clamps and to carrier-raid time. Sakamaki cheered await the dawn. the midget was on its own. Inagaki. At a depth of 35 feet he could Twenty minutes from launch, Saka- The midget sub went into a slow nose- now see the underwater sunlight in the maki went to his quarters to make the dive and stood on its head. Its trim was periscope. With this to steer by they'd ceremonial preparations for a warrior's off. run the gauntlet of the two destroyers at death. He dashed off a farewell note to Horrified, Kazuo did not dare surface the harbor entrance and make it in time his father, showered, donned his sub uni- to correct the trim. He and Inagaki for the air attack. He maneuvered form of G-string fondishi, white head- crawled back and forth, suspended in toward the destroyers, and climbing to band and leather jacket and sprayed him- midwater at a lopsided angle, adjusting periscope level again, he noted with re- self with perfume of cherry blossoms. lead and water ballast as the minutes to lief that this time he was on course. He Since his sub could not safely attempt the midnight rendezvous at the gates to submerged again and ordered maximum to enter the harbor either submerged or Pearl ticked away. speed forward in the wake between the surfaced, an American commander By the time the trim was corrected it two patrol craft after they had passed would have cancelled its run on the spot. was midnight, and his recollection of the each other. Sakamaki, of course, could not make direction to Pearl was dimming. He con- Inagaki went into first gear. The such a decision himself. If he couldn't soled Inagaki with the thought that as (Continued on page 48)

24 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1965 threatened with recall to the States for pub- A GENERAL'S lic actions and statements. An individualist in his private and mili- tary life, Patton went his own way even STORY when it came to planning a military engage- ment. Mentally he would see a battle in its PATTON, ORDEAL AND TRIUMPH, entirety, and anticipating weaknesses, gaps by Ladislas Farago. ivan obolensky, inc., or flaws in the proposed plan, he would work

NEW YORK, N.Y., $9.95. out an alternate one and submit it for con- sideration. Frequently, according to this

The thundering force of Gen. George S. study, these plans were discarded in the best

Patton, Jr., swept across the face of World interests of mutual cooperation among the War 2 and left behind the memory of a man Allies, though not necessarily in the best part myth, giant, saint, hellion. Controver- interests of the engagement to be fought, as sial, and probably never to be completely events sometimes proved. understood, General Patton, who loved Capable of making enemies by the dozens headlines and glory, should be able to rest among the Army's top command, time and at ease knowing that he is not likely to be again it was only Patton's recognized tac- forgotten. For he is the raw material of tical genius and skill at leading and win- which great military legends are made. ning in battle which saved him for the mam- In his comprehensive biography of Patton, moth part he was to take in World War 2. author Farago has made use of the General's This book points up that Patton was at his own published writings, and drawn on the greatest on the battlefield. Fighting at Nor- personal recollections and observations of mandy, the Bulge, Bastogne, he was little less

Joseph Daniel Rosevich, Patton 's secretary than magnificent, often working with de- throughout the war. He also has consulted pleted forces and limited supplies. But Pat- official military records of participants on ton was a man who made the most of what both sides of the line and has interviewed he had and learned to get along without many of the officers and men who knew the things that he lacked. He knew his Patton during the war years. strengths and weaknesses. Because of this in-

The portrait that emerges is one of an sight into his own character he worried outstanding military man: a leader of men; about his future after the war. Not a peace- Gen. Patton in ETO— 1945 a derring-do participant who played the time general, he often remarked, "The game or fought the war with only one goal, Army, but more often than not it didn't proper end for the professional soldier is a to win as swiftly and cleanly as possible: a love him. He waited 15 years for his promo- quick death inflicted by the last bullet of terror to the enemy (the Germans looked tion from major to lieutenant colonel in the the last battle." upon Patton as "their most dangerous ad- regular Army, though he had achieved the It didn't end properly for Gen. George S. versary in the field, the Allies' counterpart rank of full colonel during World War 1. In Patton, Jr. He died as a result of an auto of Rommel in his halcyon days"). But Patton World War 2 he was considered the "enfant crash after having been relieved of com- was no Army organization man. He loved the terrible" of the Army stall, successively mand of his beloved Third Army.

Harness Racing, by George Sullivan. FLEET PUBLISHING CORP., NEW YORK, N.Y., $3.95. THE TRAGIC The flavor, spirit and excitement of harness racing recounted in a concise review DELUSION of the sport in America.

THE HIS- Prewar mobilization preparedness proved to Song and Garden Birds of North Amer- AMERICAN HERITAGE I, by the be only a token of the men, materiel and ica, by Alexander Wetmore. national TORY OF WORLD WAR equipment that were needed to just get GEOGRAPHIC BOOK SERVICE, WASHINGTON, editors of American Heritage, narrative by S.L.A. Marshall, Brig. Gen. through WW1, never mind win it. n.c., $11.95. USAR At mobilization, France had 4.000 artillery (Ret.) AMERICAN HERITAGE PUBLISHING CO., The life stories of 327 birds beautifully pieces. She built another 36,000 pieces before INC., YORK, N.Y., S16.50. told in 400 pages of text, photos and paint- NEW the last shot was fired. She had 2,:">00 auto- Archduke Francis Ferdinand and ings. Most of the illustrations have been When matic weapons when it all began, when it his wife. Countess Sophie, were assassinated reproduced in authentic color for accurate, was over she had produced 315.000 machine- on the morning of June 28. 1914. in Sarajevo. detailed identification of each species. There guns for her fighting men. It was the same Bosnia, a province of the Austrian Empire, is a record insert of six high-fidelity records for all the participants. In numbers, sta- it sounded the death knell for world peace. reproducing the songs of 70 of these birds. tistics and methods, the First World War War didn't come in a day or a week, but by was like no war that had gone before. 11 a.m., 28. almost one month to the July American Heritage has told the story of Books that are in print can usually be minute after the Sarajevo murders, Austria- the "Great War," which killed 10 million purchased at local bookstores, or ordered Hungary notified Serbia that she had de- men and wounded another 20 million, in through them if not in stock. Readers who clared war. In quick succession Germany, 373 pages of heart-rending text, photos, may wish to order books directly from pub- Russia, France and finally Britain entered paintings, and wartime posters. The study lishers can obtain publishers addresses from the conflict. On. April 6, 1917, America is divided into seven sections, beginning with their bookstores. We regret that we do not joined battle. the glitter of the prewar age; ending with have a reader service and can only staff, It was a war not to be fathomed at its the tragedy of the world's naivete in believ- return to the senders requests to purchase inception, nor during the years it raged, and ing that it had fought the war to end war. books that are sent to this magazine, editors when it was all over it seemed unbelievable. GSH

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1965 25 Best Kept Secret of World War II

They kept the destruction of the Bombay harbor

so quiet that military histories still omit it.

Smoke pours from burning freighter after an explosion crippled Bombay harbor. Ships, docks were chewed up by blast's force.

By PAUL DITZEL At 1:50 p.m., a smoldering blaze was At 2:45 p.m., nearly two hours later, discovered by a stevedore in a cotton a large patch of grey paint blistered on April 14, 1944, the British bale sandwiched among the ammunition the port-side hull. The seat of the fire was at last Coombs called for an Onfreighter, Fort Stikine, loaded in No. 2 hold of the Stikine. Chief Officer known. acetylene torch to cut through the hull. with more than 1 ,600 tons of ar- Norman Coombs of the fire brigade had for tillery shells, torpedoes, land mines, sig- taken precautions against such an event The torch did not work. He sent an- nal rockets, magnesium flares, incen- and had stationed two firemen at Berth other. Mysteriously, a deputy docks cancelled the order. He did not diary bombs and small arms ammunition 1, Victoria Dock, where the ship was manager —the equivalent wallop of 150 block- moored. They had orders to call immedi- live to explain why. 3:45 p.m., when another torch ar- busters—berthed in wartime Bombay. ately for help if fire should break out. By into a Also wedged inside this mammoth The firemen decided instead that the rived, the blister had blossomed to cut floating powder keg were 8,700 bales of blaze was insignificant and, uncoiling cherry-red glow. A fireman began minutes later, cotton, dozens of drums of kerosene, oil reels of hose, they attacked the fire them- into the hull. Twenty-one and sulphur and 6,000 cubic feet of selves, thus starting a grotesque sequence at 4:06 p.m., the Stikine exploded. Cap- forever. Dozens lumber. Deeper inside the Stikine was $6 of events that was to culminate in a tain Naismith vanished White-hot million worth of solid gold ingots shipped disaster dwarfing even the famous am- of firemen were slaughtered. Stikine and explod- by the Bank of England to help stabilize munition ship blast in Halifax, Nova bits of iron from the of dock India's war-inflated economy. Scotia, during World War 1. ing shells mowed down hundreds flopped Bombay, "Gateway to the East" and In spite of their efforts the smoldering workers. An entire freight train collapsed and flaming third largest city in the British Empire, blaze quickly spread, and some 20 min- over. Godowns fire to and to 17 freight- was a vital hub in the Allied supply line utes later the firemen called for help. By debris set them for the CBI, Russian and Pacific thea- the time Coombs reached the Stikine, ers, tugs and dredges. worst was yet to come. ters, and its port that muggy Friday af- the fire was out of control. Various port The survived the ternoon was astir with thousands of authorities joined Coombs and the ship's Coombs, who somehow shattered stevedores hustling cargoes off 39 ships master, A. H. Naismith. blast, was regrouping his mightier ex- and into dozens of large godowns (ware- There seemed little doubt that disaster brigade when a second, houses). The USS Mariposa, an Ameri- was imminent unless drastic action was plosion disintegrated the Stikine. Where can transport, was hurrying the embarka- quickly taken. Nobody thought, however, the ship and dock once stood was a tion of 4,000 United States troops in or- to notify police, who could have evacu- crater rapidly filling with water. at der to clear Bombay for Australia on the ated the docks, or to warn the masters of Seismograph needles danced crazily afternoon tide. other ships moored nearby. the Simla station in the Himalayas 1,000

26 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1965 Smoke from runaway fires blots out Bombay's blast-shattered port. Berth 1, Victoria Dock. The Stikine was moored in the foreground.

Skeletons of dockside warehouses hover over crushed freight cars. Crew salvages all still-usable gear from mangled British freighter.

miles away. Out in the Arabian Sea, HMS Jalapadma, lifted it over a 60-foot- The fire services, the military, and ARP troops aboard the Mariposa heard the high godown, and dropped it on top of Services were on the scene immediately blast and rushed to the rails. ship's The the metal-clad warehouse, crunching it and as a result of their efforts the situation second officer, Edward F. Oliver, recalls like tinfoil. is now under control. A number of cas- that he thought their destroyer escort had Flaming bits of cotton fluttered down ualties . . . occurred and the injured are dropped a depth charge. upon the tinder-dry roofs of tenements, being attended to in hospitals." Molten chunks of the Stikine whizzed setting whole blocks of them ablaze. The Sir John's statement notwithstanding, across the Bombay docks, cutting down injured lay helpless before the small fires flames raged through the waterfront and hundreds of workers and military per- which quickly melded into one con- tenements into the next day. When the sonnel. Her anchor soared across the flagration smeared over 300 acres. smoke finally cleared. 1.000 to 1,500 basin and tangled itself like a fly in a Just before the initial explosion, two people lay dead, according to a U.S. spiderweb amid the top rigging of a blaz- airplanes had flown over the docks. Their Coast Guard report. 4,000 were injured. ing freighter. Her boiler whanged down drones and the explosions that came in 586 buildings were destroyed, and prop- a quarter of a mile away. their wake gave rise to rumors of an air erty damage exceeded $1 billion, not A huge mushroom cloud of flaming attack by the Japanese and resulted in a counting the loss of 100.000 tons of vital debris soared thousands of feet up into stampede for air-raid shelters. shipping. Much of the gold was re- the air. Exploding antiaircraft shells, quiet To the city's panicky natives and covered. There is a $210 government re- tracer bullets, signal flares and torpedoes to answer Tokyo Rose, who was already ward posted for the still-missing $3,690,- pocked the cloudless afternoon sky. broadcasting hints that what had hap- 000 worth. Solid gold bars rained down pened upon was a repetition of Pearl Harbor, For all practical purposes, the Bombay Bombay. Retired Civil Engineer D. C. Sir John Colville, governor of Bombay, docks were closed to shipping for 6V2 Motliwala was startled a when flashing issued a statement. Allowing for tra- months following the blasts. blob crashed through the roof of his flat. ditional British aplomb, the announce- The British made it a policy to keep A 28-pound ingot landed at his feet. ment must go down as one of the under- secret the fact that Bombay was just as Other bars pelted the crowded bazaars. statements of World War 2: much out of action as if the strategic port Beggars threw away the crutches used to "About 4 o'clock this afternoon an ac- had been blitzed by the Japanese. The simulate their deformities and struggled cidental fire broke out in a ship in the best kept secret of World War 2 remained off with heavy gold bars. docks and before it could be brought exactly that even after two other ex- The second explosion created a mas- under control it spread to some ammu- plosions, one at Hiroshima, the other at sive wave that snapped hawser lines of nition and caused violent explosions. The Nagasaki, put an end to the war 16 freighters and scooped up the 4,000-ton fire also spread to adjacent godowns. months later. the end THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1965 27 —

with snow and doesn't ring. His remedy is to spray the bell with an "ice-off" solution, the kind used to keep windshields of cars ROD t GUN from freezing over. This will keep it ringing. CLUB TO START A FIRE in cold, wet weather, nothing beats bathroom tissue soaked in kerosene, claims Dewitt Leonard of Friends- Keeping Warm in Winter ville, Md. He dips a small roll of the paper in kerosene, and on his hunting

trip carries it in a plastic bag sealed with a Somehow, "keep cool" seems strange insulation. An air mattress or folded rubber band. When he needs a fire he tears advice for outdoorsmen who want to be blanket inside the bag also helps. And a off a few sheets and lights them under the comfortable in sub-zero weather. Neverthe- stocking cap to keep your head warm. kindling. less it's the suggestion of medical authori- Should you perspire during the night, dry ties after tests recently conducted in the the bag completely before using it again. NO. 1 TARGET of hunters is the cotton- Arctic. Explanation: when you wear just So your clothing won't get damp while you tail. More are bagged each year than all enough clothing to keep you cool instead of sleep, don't wear it; sleep "raw." They do other game animals combined. To make warm, you don't perspire, and it's perspira- it even in the Arctic! sure you get your share, follow this tip: tion that makes you really feel cold because When a bunny scampers from cover ahead as it evaporates it absorbs your body's heat. THERE'S A NEW VEHICLE with which of you, don't be too quick in shooting; in In summer this evaporation keeps you you can hunt the snow-covered fields or most cases if you haven't scared it, it will pleasantly cool, but in winter it adds to reach your favorite ice-fishing spot in mod- stop and look at you just before darting your discomfort. In Polar temperatures it ern style. It's the Johnson "Skee-Horse," a back into hiding and you'll have a standing can be fatal; in the Arctic, when your cloth- smail two-seat snow cart powered by a shot. ing has become damp with perspiration, 14-hp Johnson motor. Propulsion is by you must immediately build a fire and dry WORMS FOR ICE FISHING? No prob- it or risk freezing to death. lem, says H. Muller of Danboro, Pa. Just The trick is to wear a minimum of cloth- raid the dried goldenrod stalks. On many ing while exercising, in order to remain of them you'll find onion-like bulbs; cut cool and not perspire, and when you stop them open and have your bait can ready. to rest, to put on additional clothing to Each contains one or more live grubs that seal in the body heat. This extra wear might are A-l fish tempters. be a sweater carried in your pack or game pouch. Obviously you can't add extra A CONVENIENT BACKSTOP for BB underwear or socks when you stop exer- and pellet guns is one of the new coffee cising. You don these woolens when you cans with a plastic lid, writes Bill Pesano of leave home or camp. The procedure in Yonkers, N.Y. Lay the can on its side and these cases, in which perspiration usually place your bull's-eye target in front of the

can't be avoided, is to isolate it from the plastic lid. The pellets will penetrate the lid skin. Do this by wearing the woolens next and will be trapped inside the can. Use it to your skin (in spite of their itch) and by at close "living-room" range, however, to wearing cotton over them. The perspira- avoid the possibility of having the low-pow- tion seeps through the wool and is absorbed three chain-driven tank-type rear tracks ered pellets bounce back from the plastic. and retained by the cotton. This applies to made of rubber with steel cleats and rolling both underwear and socks. With two- on 12 dolly wheels. Steering is by two NOW THAT YOU HAVE A DEER in the layer type underwear (cotton and wool sewn front skis. The chassis is steel; the cab is freezer, the next step is to cook it to taste. together), wear it contrary to its maker's plastic. It even has a windshield. Price is And this is a cinch if you have a little advice, inside out—cotton layer outside and about $300. book called, "How To Cook, My Deer," woolen one next to your skin. If you're es- written by Phyllis Glassie and published by pecially susceptible to cold feet, there is a FISH UNDER THE ICE will be found in Penguin Associates. Malvern. Pa. It con- simple way to keep them from perspiring about the same locations as during warm tains 20 recipes, everything from venison apply a strong underarm-type anti-per- weather, say the experts. Bass, the panfish a-la-king to buckburgers. Price: $1. spirant. and pickerel family like weeds. Select a Gloves that are too heavy, such as those cove, chop a hole about 50 feet from shore, IF YOU LOVE YOUR HUNTING DOG, lined with wool or fleece, cause perspira- determine the water depth and presence give him a drink when he's hot and dry tion, and when damp they won't keep hands of weeds. If you snag weeds at less than from running up your game, says Roy warm. It is better to wear light gloves and 20 feet, rig your tip-up right there. If not, Rogers of Webster Groves. Mo. Carry a keep hands in pockets as much as possible. make another test 50 feet farther out. If piece of aluminum foil and the family hot- Fuel-burning handwarmers, if not used there are no weeds, choose another cove. water bag filled with drinking water. The sparingly, will also make you perspire. For The exception is the walleye; it likes rocks. foil can be made into a cup. Carry the bag headgear, wear a wool hat that fits loosely in your jacket's game pouch; as you fill the so dampness can escape. Ear muffs should WHEN BOAT FISHING in warmer cli- pouch, the water bag will get emptier. be separate so they won't inhibit air circu- mates and you want hot water for washing lation under the cap. To prevent frostbite your hands or camp utensils, it's no farther NO NEED TO SCRUB the black soot off in very low temperatures, wear a loose-fit- away than your outboard motor, writes the bottoms of your camp pots and pans ting ski-type stocking cap that pulls down M. Carey, of New Castle, Pa. Run the with steel wool or sand, if you coat the out- over your face and neck, leaving an open- motor in neutral at idling speed and hold sides with a layer of soap. Afterward, the ing for eyes and nose. a pot under the discharge vent to catch heavy soot rinses off like magic. For sleeping outdoors, select a down- the water that has been heated by the filled or a less expensive plastic-fiberfill motor. If you have a helpful idea for this fea- sleeping bag that has sufficient filler to pro- ture send it along. If we can use it we'll tect you. The amount of filler is marked on A BELL ON A BIRD DOG is often used pay you $5.00. However, we are unable its label as required by law. For tempera- to help a hunter locate his dog when it's to acknowledge contributions, return tures from 35 down to 10 degrees F., at ranging far afield, but this trick doesn't them or enter into correspondence con- least 41/2 lbs. are required, 6 lbs. below 10 work when snow is on the ground, says cerning them. Address Outdoor Editor, degrees. Use a plastic ground cloth or ever- grouse-shooter Richard Stutz of Grove City, The American Legion Magazine, 720 green branches under the bag for additional Pa., because the bell becomes clogged Fifth Ave., New York, N.Y. 10019. 28 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1965 ,

A DIGEST OF EVENTS WHICH VETERANS NEWSLETTER ARE OF PERSONAL INTEREST TO YOU FEBRUARY 1965

0% SERVICE-DISABLED VETS GET service-connected veterans who will BEST BREAK UNDER Gl INSURANCE "REOPENING" qualify will be extremely poor health

Probably the biggest single class of risks . . . They will be charged an veterans who may take out additional extra premium equated to that risk government veterans life insurance . . . This facet of the reopening is by applying within a period of one virtually without precedent in the in- year— starting this May— are the so- surance world, and the VA is plowing called 0% service-connected veterans new ground in constructing premium

of WW2 and Korea . . . The VA estimates tables for an entire group who qualify that there are 1,600,000 such veterans for insurance by being normally unin-

. . . They have official "service-con- surable . . . Obviously, the most at- nected" status for wartime disabili- tractive new insurance, premiumwise, ties, but they are not receiving com- will go to the 0% service-connected pensation because their disabilities ... If they meet normal health are rated less than 10% . . . They are standards they may take out new GI the one class of veterans who are insurance, and there is no extra pre- eligible for new insurance under the mium for extra health risk since they

limited reopening with whom the VA is are not extra risks . . . The VA has almost wholly out of touch, hence it already released its premium tables is not able to mail them detailed in- for the 0%, while it has not released formation about their rights to new the tables for the extra risks.

insurance . . . They are also that Veterans may get detailed info about group of eligibles for new insurance the new insurance from their nearest who, on the average, can get it at VA office — and any American Legion the lowest premium rates. Post Service Officer can advise where Roughly, the reopened insurance is that is. available to three groups . . . They The old $10,000 ceiling still ap- are: (1) Service-connected veterans plies, and veterans who are eligible who are rated 10% or more disabled, in other respects but who already have and who are receiving compensation $10,000 GI insurance may not increase . . . As VA sends them checks it has that amount ... If they have none, their current addresses and can mail or less than $10,000, they may take them detailed information . . . (2) out new insurance to increase their Veterans with non-service-connected total GI insurance to an amount not disabilities that are so severe that over $10,000. they are not insurable under normal All new insurance taken out under commercial insurance practices, even the reopening will accumulate cash for an extra premium . . . VA has not surrender or loan value ... No t erm yet released enough specific informa- insurance will be issued. tion on this for a detailed report to Haw Gi>imj&JFHEJURIOP^ you . . . (3) The 0% service-connected, with whom VA is almost completely out For the three limited classes of of touch. disabled veterans who can get new To qualify for new GI insurance phys- government life insurance, the question ically, service-connected disabilities arises— is it any special bargain? are overlooked ... If the veteran First, look at these apparent draw- is insurable except for his service- backs : connected disability, he is insurable (1) The extra premiums that will

. . . However, where a service-con- have to be paid for extra risk haven't nected disability involves a higher been published yet, so nothing can be insurance risk, an extra premium is to said about them . . . (2) There will be charged, consonant with the risk be no dividends on any new insurance

. . . The same applies to those non- taken out that increases a veteran's service-connected disabled veterans present holdings . . . (3) The VA may

who are eligible . . . Their very change the premium rate on a policy, eligibility is based on their being in the future based on future ex-

normally uninsurable, so the only non- perience . . . None of this sounds good.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1965 , —,

VETERANS NEWSLETTER But the general purpose is to pro- mains the same (this is the feature vide the insurance to the disabled that permits the premium level to be

veterans who qualify without making a less than for ordinary life) . . . Be-

profit or taking a loss . . . The basic fore he is 65, the veteran may, if he premium rate is based on the latest wishes, take out the amount to be re- (1958) and cheapest mortality table duced in "ordinary life" —naturally . . . The purpose of lowering or in- paying "ordinary life" premiums for

creasing the premiums in the future is that part of it . . . Veterans who are to make the premiums pay exactly what entitled to dividends on their present the insurance costs, without (1) ac- policies will be entitled to them, if cumulating a pool of money to be re- any, if they exchange them for the funded as dividends, or (2) incurring "modified" plan ... As they would be

a deficit . . . Because it is planned getting more insurance advantages for to be insurance without profit or loss, their money dividends may not be as it is estimated that it will actually much as formerly. cost insured veterans up to 40% less Here are annua l premium rates per

than exactly comparable commercial in- $1 , 000 of insurance under the "modi- surance ... It is the basic purpose fied" plan at sample age levels, of the government to provide insurance- when issued in exchange for a present at-cost that offers the best promise NSLI policy whose number begins with that this will be insurance worth "V. " having for those eligible for it. Age 30 - $8.32 Age 35 - $10.30 Age 40 - $12.55 Age 45 - $15.39 NEW "MODIFIED LIFE" PLAN Age 50 - $18.82 Age 55 - $22.73 HAS MOST MEANING TO MOST VETS Age 60 - $27.11. The reo p ening of GI insurance (above) "Newsletter" is absolutely convinced for a limited time for a limited num- that any veteran who still carries ber of veterans affects far fewer vet- NSLI on the term plan should seriously erans than the provision, in 1964, of consider exchanging to the "modified" a new "modified life" plan of NSLI in- plan ... At 40, a term policy holder

surance I'or WW2 and Korea vets . . . is only paying about $10 per year It is a new, low-cost plan of perma- per $1,000, and getting dividends, and nent insurance for which vets who now things look rosy ... If he switches carry NSLI can exchang e their present to the "modified" plan he'll pay policies ... It is especially valu- $12.55 and probably not get as much

able for the large number of veterans dividend . . . But his modified plan who are carrying term insurance . . . will accrue value which the term policy Every 5 years term insurance premiums will not —and the "modified" premium rise, and finally become prohibitive will stay at the $12.55 level for meanwhile it accrues no cash or loan life . . . But if the same veteran value. stays with term insurance, he will, Any veteran now carrying NSLI, term at age 50, be paying about $15 a year

or otherwise — starting in May 1965 per $1,000 for the term policy . . . may exchange his present policy for When he's 60 he'll be paying about $30 one of the same amount under the "mod- . . . When he's 65 —about $47 . . . ified" plan (and veterans coming in When he's 70 the term policy will cost under the "reopening," above, may about $73 a year per $1,000 . . .

elect it too) . . . The "modified" $12.55 a year for life under the premiums remain fixed for life for "modified" plan is far better, even those who exchange present policies though the amount of insurance is cut for "modified" insurance, which also in half at 65. accrues cash and loan value . . . The From age 40 to age 64 a $10,000 premiums are naturally more at the term policy will cost more than $780 start at any age level than the term more in premiums than a "modified" premiums, since (1) the policies ac- policy and have no cash value at the

crue value and (2) the premiums do not end of that time . . . After 64 the

rise afterward . . . The "modified" differential is vastly more against premiums are less than for "ordinary the term policyholder, even if he cuts life," which until now was the cheap- his term policy in half at 65 too

est NSLI p ermanent plan of insurance . . . It is hardly worth saving a . . . At ana after age 65 the amount couple of bucks a year now to incur of insurance under the "modified" plan such long range penalties for staying is cut in hal f while the premium re- with term insurance.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1965 OF THE NEWS AMERICAN LEGION AND VETERANS AFFAIRS FEBRUARY 1965

The first of the jet flights will start '65 Legion Natl Conclave Set leaving Portland for Honolulu after the convention closes on Thursday after- 20-26 noon, Aug. 26, and flights will continue For Portland, Ore., Aug. on through the next day. Upon arrival at Honolulu International Airport, Le- Portland group working enthusiastically for coming gionnaires and their families who take convention; details of Hawaii Pilgrimage available. the tour will be met with the traditional Hawaiian lei greeting and transferred The 1965 National Convention of naires who cannot get to a fall convention with baggage to their pre-selected hotel The American Legion will be held Aug. may work this one into their summer at Waikiki Beach. 20-26 in Portland, Oregon. Immediately vacation plans. From that point on, the official Hawaii following the conclave there will be a Convention-goers will find ten air- Pilgrimage tour includes: 6-day 5-night official American Legion lines and four major railroads providing • Five nights at a Waikiki Beach re- Pilgrimage to Hawaii, from Aug. 27 to excellent transportation to the area. Auto sort hotel.

• 3 1 . The pilgrimage, an organized Legion and bus travelers will ride over good A visit to the National Memorial tour, will include visits to shrines and interstate highways leading directly to Cemetery of the Pacific and a scenic cemeteries of the Pacific in Hawaii. Portland. drive to Mt. Tantalus and through the Portland (pop. over 400,000) was Members of the Board of Directors of City of Honolulu. awarded the 1965 Legion convention at The American Legion National Conven- • A luncheon and floor show at the the spring 1964 meeting of the Nat'l sion Corporation of Oregon are: Robert world-famed Lau Yee Chai Chinese Executive Committee. Originally, it was H. Hazen, President of Benjamin Frank- Restaurant which includes tip and tax. to have been the convention city for lin Savings and Loan Assn; Charles H. • A visit to Pearl Harbor aboard a 1966, but it agreed to move up to ac- Huggins, Salem insurance man; Gerald motor vessel and a cruise through Hono- commodate a gap in scheduling. W. Frank, of Meier & Frank Stores; Don lulu harbor. The official convention proceedings V. McCallum, Exec, vp of Portland's • Departure transfer with baggage to will be held in the 9,000-seat Portland Title and Trust Co.; and Judge Alfred T. Honolulu Airport. Memorial Coliseum and the American Sulmonetti, Circuit Court of Portland. • $30,000 worth of round-trip flight Legion Auxiliary meetings will take place Additionally, Portland, will be the insurance with coverage on scheduled in the Portland Civic Auditorium. site of the 1965 American Legion Na- flights. Nat'l Convention Commission Chmn tional High School Oratorical Contest The per-person cost of the tour while James V. Demarest (N.Y.) reports that Championship being held at Marshall in Hawaii is based upon the choice of his commission has found Portland of- High School on April 8. hotel and the category of room selected. ficials and Legionnaires working hard For those who continue on to Hawaii Examples: for one of two occupants and enthusiastically to make the 47th to make the official Pilgrimage to the of a standard double room at the Hotel annual National Convention a success. Pacific shrines and cemeteries, Hawaii- Moana or Princess Kaiulani, the price

Since the convention will close before ans are planning a memorable post-con- for the 6-day 5-night package is $68.45, Labor Day, they feel that many Legion- vention tour. not including air fare or meals that are

Portland, Ore., with Mt. Hood in the background, is the site of nians watch. Left to right: Convention Chmn Robert H. Hazen, the 47th National Convention. Here Nat'l Cmdr Donald E. John- NECman Karl L. Wagner, Dep't Cmdr Ray Wilson, Dep't Adjt son signs 1965 Portland Convention contract while Orego- Maurice Druhl, and Convention Treasurer Charles H. Huggins. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1965 31 not part of the organized tour, but in- tion in Dallas, Tex., in Sept. 1964, called cluding surface transportation and all the for a one-million-man standing Regular rest of the tour program while in Hawaii. Army (25,000 more than the present

In a medium-priced double room at ceiling) , and a paid-drill strength of 400,- the same hotels, the per-person price is 000 for the National Guard, and 300,000 $77.50, on the same basis. for the Army Reserve. The Legion felt In a superior double room at the Hil- these recommendations "would meet to- ton Hawaiian Village or Royal Hawaiian day's needs and provide a firm base for Hotel, the per-person price on the same tomorrow's emergency requirements." basis is $96.00. Within five days of McNamara's an- How about air fare? nouncement, the Legion National Se- The regular round-trip economy air curity Commission's Executive Section, fare from Chicago to Portland is along with Legion National Security Di- $210.90. Round-trip to Honolulu (with rector, James R. Wilson, met at the Pen- delay-enroute at Portland for the con- tagon with Deputy Secretary of Defense vention) at official tour group rates Cyrus R. Vance and Secretary of the would come to $358.00, or $147.10 Army Stephen Ailes on Dec. 17. They more than the Chicago-Portland econ- also conferred that day with representa- omy flight cost. tives of the National Guard Ass'n of the The same data from New York City Waikiki Beach and Diamond Head in U.S., the Reserve Officers Ass'n, and the is $290.20 for regular round-trip econ- background are two Hawaii attractions. Ass'n of the U.S. Army. omy fare to Portland, and $417.00 The Security Commission Executive round-trip group rate. New York- begin at approximately $295.00 from Section then proposed the following res- Hawaii, with Portland stopover. The dif- Hawaii to the mainland, and range up- olution on the realignment of the Army ference here is $126.80. ward based on the type of accommoda- Reserve and National Guard, which All air fares plus tax would be based tions. Nat'l Cmdr Johnson referred along with on the lowest fares available (group Some Legionnaires may wish to spend his opinions to the Legion's Nat'l Execu- basis) using modern jet planes on regu- additional nights in Honolulu. These tive Committee for a mail vote to deter- larly scheduled airlines (United, Pan may be added at special group rates. Op- mine the basic policy of The American American and Northwest Airlines). The tional trips to neighboring islands may Legion on the plan, and if there is to be flight from Portland to Hawaii takes five also be individually arranged at extra any change in the present position of the hours. cost and will range from one to four Legion: For those who may wish to return to days in duration. Whereas, The Secretary of Defense has the mainland United States by ship, the Complete details of the official Hawai- proposed a realignment of the Army Re- luxury liner "SS Lurline" will leave Hon- ian Pilgrimage may be had directly from serve and National Guard; and Whereas, Presently we have two simi- olulu on Sept. 4 (four days after the tour the official tour agency. Write to: lar reserve organisations, the National ends), arriving in San Francisco on Charles G. Braden, Exec. Vice Presi- Guard and the U.S. Army Reserve; and Sept. 9. Legionnaires may make reserva- dent, All Travel, Inc., Hawaii, P.O. Box Whereas, The proposal ivould eliminate the management structure the U.S. tions for of this trip, and one way fares will AB, Honolulu, Hawaii, 96815. Army Reserve and substitute one organi- sation, the National Guard, with the ob- jective of increasing defense efficiency with an eventual reduction in defense ex- Legion Acts on Sec'y McNamara's Plan penditures; and Whereas, The proposal envisions 5^9,- To Merge Army Reserve With Nat'l Guard 000 men in the National Guard, well trained and fully equipped; and Whereas, The American Legion is con- Secretary of Defense Robert S. Mc- of the Legion's National Security Com- cerned with what ivill best strengthen Namara on Dec. 12, 1964, called for the mission headed by its regular chairman, the defense posture of this nation; and eventual abolishment of the U.S. Army William C. Doyle (N.J.), to meet in Whereas, After earnest consideration and appraisal of the economic, manage- Reserve by merging some of its units into Washington, with Defense Dep't D.C. ment, logistics, combat readiness and the National Guard and placing the rest officials. other aspects of this problem, we have reached the conclusion that the defense largely on inactive status. The Army Re- Cmdr Johnson asked Doyle's group needs of the nation dictates the approval serve would then consist of individuals "to study Secretary McNamara's plan, of this realigned concept, if implemented proposed; now. therefore, be it rather than units and would provide a evaluate it. and form a position that will as Resolved, by the National Executive pool of individual trainees for summer be consistent with The American Le- Committee of The American Legion, act- camp maneuvers and mobilization. gion's characteristic policy of endorsing ing under and pursuant to the provisions of Rule 12 of the Rules of the National Planned to save $150 million yearly a U.S. defense posture that enables this Executive Committee of The American and enlarge the National Guard into a country to support its obligations to the Legion, that based, on the proposal pre- sented by officials of the Department of 550,000-man force, it was scheduled (if free world and to maintain resolute op- Defense and information provided by Congress approves funds for the Defense position to any further encroachments representatives of the National Guard Dep't's 1966 budget) to go into effect by the international communist conspir- Association of the United Sta es, the Re- serve Officers Association and the As- July 1 and be completed by March 31, acy." sociation of the U.S. Army, The American 1966. Cmdr Johnson also said "the Legion Legion endorses, if implemented as pro- posed, that concept to combine the U.S. Following the Defense Secretary's has always supported plans of the De- Army Reserve and the National Guard proposal, American Legion Nat'l Cmdr fense Department designed to increase under a realigned National Guard struc- Donald E. Johnson, in Denver, Colo., the operational efficiency and the com- ture to strengthen the defense structure of our nation. to attend a mid-winter conference of the bat readiness of active and reserve units Colorado Dep't of The American Le- of our armed services." At press time, the mailing was in the gion, immediately issued a statement au- Legion policy, in Resolution #623 process of going out to Nat'l Executive thorizing a nine-man executive section adopted at the 46th National Conven- Committeemen and results of the voting

32 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1965 6 l3v/"7-V.

would not be available for this issue. several years and reports an outstanding mane to Legion programs. The confer- Members of the Security Commis- success. Says Joe Deutschle, Ohio Adju- ence also encompasses the Legion's sion's Executive Section who drafted the tant, "I wish we had 25,000 life mem- 46th Birthday Celebration. resolution were: Chmn William C. Doyle bers." During the conference, six of the (N.J.), John E. Davis (N. Dak.), Rob- Departments which have adopted con- Legion's major commissions—Rehabil- ert H. Bush (la.), Francis P. Kane (111.), trolled and fiscally sound life member- itation, Legislative, Foreign Relations, Joseph N. Langan (Ala.), George W. ship plans have turned potential mem- Economic, National Security and Fi- Fisher (Calif.), Edward Martin (Pa.), bership liabilities into positive member- nance—will also hold meetings. Edwin R. Bentley (Fla.), and Granville ship assets since they then have two In addition to the commission meet- S. Ridley (Tenn.). sources of life members—the member ings, a general Rehab conference—the who is given the award as an honor by 42nd—is scheduled in which hundreds his post, and the member who decides Life Memberships of Legion and state veterans service he wants to pay up his dues in advance officers will meet with government offi- A regularly recurring feature on these for the remainder of his life. cials whose agencies deal directly with pages is a listing of awards of Life Mem- Both provide a stabilizing effect on veteran's problems. berships to Legionnaires by their posts, membership. Since funds for life mem- Sure to head the list of topics to be based on official reports submitted by berships are already in the bank, these discussed by service officers with Vet- post officials. cards are among the first made out and erans Administration officials will be How does a Life Membership come will give the department a little edge in the applications and problems con- about? Section 2, Article IV of the Na- early membership turn-ins. nected with PL88-664, the newly en- tional Constitution of The American How can a Legionnaire buy a life acted pension and insurance reopening Legion says, "There shall be no form or membership himself? law, and PL88-450, which deals with class of membership except an active He can only do it if his post or de- nursing home care. The pension pro- membership, and dues shall be paid an- partment has a life membership plan. visions of PL88-664 began to take nually or for life." The preceding clause effect on Jan. 1, and the reopening of allows life memberships, but does not NSLI for certain disabled veterans for set up actual machinery for its imple- Washington Conference one year only commences on May 1. mentation. Therefore, many American The Fifth Annual Washington Con- Legion service officers report they ex- Legion posts have granted life member- ference of The American Legion will pect a flood of inquiries. ships, but there are no national rules or take place in Washington, D.C., Feb. regulations on the subject. Also invited to appear on Rehab's 28 through Mar. 5, 1965, at the program will be the new Administrator Says C. W. (Pat) Geile, Nat'l Mem- Sheraton-Park Hotel. Just as in 1964, bership Post Activities Director, "The of Veterans Affairs, William J. Driver. & all housing and meetings will be at this replaces Past Nat'l John S. granting life is He Cmdr of memberships entirely hotel, as will Nat'l Commander Donald a post matter. Gleason, who resigned January 1 to re- Normally, with such E. Johnson's Reception and Banquet to grants, the post turn to his position as an officer in the purchases one of the the Congress of the United States. First National Bank of Chicago. Re- special gold or silver life membership This single large midwinter confer- hab's primary legislative aims for the cards and, at the same time, assumes the ence replaces many smaller ones which sessions of the 89th will responsibility of paying the life Congress be mem- used to be held separately up until ber's dues annually for the remainder of increased compensation for the service- 1961. It brings together approximately connected disabled veterans, and ade- his life. The post is also obligated to issue 1,500 of the Legion's elected and ap- quate funds for the operation of the en- a regular membership card to the life pointed state and national officials to tire veterans program. member each year and to transmit the meet and deliberate with government regular card to National Headquarters. Social high point of the Conference experts on policies and matters ger- If this is not done, the member can lose will be at the Nat'l Cmdr's Reception his current membership standing and his and Banquet honoring the Congress of monthly copy of The American Legion Boys Clubs Boosters the United States in the Ballroom of Magazine." the Sheraton-Park Hotel. Between There are many reasons why life mem- 1,800 and 2,000 government represent- bers can lose their standing, among them atives and Legion dignitaries usually the moving of the member to a new attend this important event. Here, community, the post going out of exist- Legion conferees and the Congressional ence or neglectful record-keeping. delegations from their states will be However, Director Geile declares that seated together.

"some departments have evolved depart- On Mon., Mar. 1, the 1965 National ment life membership plans. Here, a life Commander's Award will be presented membership may be granted by a post to Gen. David Sarnoff, Chairman of and the post must pay into the depart- the Board of the Radio Corp of Amer- ment treasury an actuarially determined ica at a luncheon at the Sheraton-Park. amount of money which will pay the The Boys Clubs of America named The award, in recognition of his un- dues of the member for the remainder of former Vice President Richard M. Nixon equalled record of 60 years of dedi- his life. This money is placed in a trust as Chairman of their Board of Directors cated accomplishment in the area of fund, and the department each year to succeed the late President Herbert national and international electronic withdraws from it the money to pay the Hoover. Nixon is shown congratulating communciations, will precede the gen- department and national dues. In such Nat'l Cmdr Donald E. Johnson on the eral's address to fellow Legionnaires cases life members automatically con- Legion's participation in the nationwide and guests on the subject of the security tinue each year in good standing." Boys Clubs program. Albert L. Cole, of our nation. The presentation and ad-

The Dep't of Ohio, with 1 , 1 00 "lifers," President of the Boys Clubs and Gen. dress will be carried on radio and tele- has had such a self-sustaining plan for Mgr. of the Reader's Digest is at right. vision.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1965 33 NEWS

Sarnoff is a longtime Legionnaire sary funds. At its spring 1964 meeting, During the Christmas season, notifica- and a member of Admen's Post 209 of the Legion's Nat'l Executive Committee tion went out to department adjutants New York City. Many top officials of in Resolution 45, called for the granting and other key Legion officials calling for government and private industry have of $160,000 by Congress so that this broad support from individual Legion- also been invited. committee might become active to per- naires and posts asking that they per- Another important feature of this mit a "continuous study in depth of all sonally contact or wire Congressmen and Conference will be Nat'l Cmdr Donald factors, foreign and domestic, governing Senators during this first session of the E. Johnson's appearance before the immigration policies and to make such 89th Congress advising of The American House Veterans Affairs Committee on recommendations for change in policy Legion's continued unequivocal support Tues. morning, Mar. 2, at the Caucus as the facts warrant." Subsequently, a of the McCarran-Walter Immigration Room of the Old House Office Bldg. bill to grant the funds was defeated. and Nationality Act of 1952.

is tentative schedule of the The Legion, he said, would stand on Here a • During the holiday period national events of the week: its current mandate, unless such a study Legion leaders also urged Legionnaires Sun. Feb. 28 Dept Service Officers; was made to examine all aspects of the — at the post and department level to com- Mar. 1 Commission; Mar. 2- immigration problem. —Rehab municate with their Congressmen and 3-4 Economic, Finance, Foreign Re- — Senators and alert them to The Ameri- lations, Legislative, Nat'l Security and Ceramic Legion Emblem can Legion's unequivocal support of the 2 Rehab Commissions; Mar. — 10:00 House Committee on Un-American Ac- a.m., Nat'l Cmdr's appearance before tivities and the Internal Security Sub- Veterans Affairs Committee, the House committee of the Senate Judiciary Com- Rm., Office Bldg; Caucus Old House mittee. Both committees are targets of Mar. 2—6:30 p.m., Nat'l Cmdr's Re- concerted efforts by groups attempting to the ception and Banquet honoring Con- abolish these important anti-subversive gress of the U.S., Ballroom, Sheraton- legislative investigating bodies. Park Hotel; Mar. 4—1 1 :00 a.m. Gen- The American Legion's current man- eral meeting of all conferees; Mar. 2-3- dated position in support of U. S. Con- 4- 5 Rehab Conference. — gressional Committees in fighting com-

munism is in Resolution 52, adopted Two Controversies unanimously by the 46th National Con-

Hearings on bills seeking to amend vention in Dallas, Texas, Sept. 1964. and liberalize the McCarran-Walter Im- migration and Nationality Act of 1952 Nat'l Cmdr's Mother Dies which took place before the House of Mrs. Henry (Emma) Johnson, foster Representatives Subcommittee on the mother of Nat'l Cmdr Donald E. John- Judiciary during the last session of the son, passed away Dec. 27 at Orion, 111., 88th Congress were expected to continue where she and her husband had lived during the current session. since their retirement. They were former- The position of The American Legion ly residents of West Branch, Iowa. Fu- as contained in Resolution 58 of the 1964 neral services were held in Orion and the National Convention held at Dallas, burial took place Dec. 29 at West Texas, states that the Legion "reaffirms Branch. its approval and support of the McCar- Besides the Commander, Mrs. John- ran-Walter Act and offers resolute op- son's husband and a daughter, Mrs. Ron- position to attempts to significantly ald Benson, of Orion, survive. amend its content and/ or to circumvent • to Mrs. its basic intent and purpose." In New York City, death came of Past Nat'l On August 5, 1964, Nat'l American- Lillyan Spafford, widow Spafford of ism Chmn Daniel J. O'Connor (N.Y.) Cmdr Edward P. ( 1927-28), met with the Subcommittee in the na- New York. Mrs. Spafford was discovered tion's capital to present the position of on the night of Dec. 22, critically injured The American Legion on that subject. in the foyer of her apartment house, He said the Legion was deeply concerned having apparently suffered a fall. She with the effects such liberalizing legisla- was taken to the hospital, where she died Legionnaire Epifanos and his creations. tion would have in the areas of internal the following day. She was active in va- security, employment, housing, natural Tile setter Al Epifanos, a past post rious humanitarian causes, principally in resources, and education. commander of Eagle Rock Post 276, behalf of veterans. Said Chmn O'Connor at the Judiciary near Los Angeles, Calif., and currently Subcommittee hearings: "We strongly Legion District 20 commander, is shown Since the task is virtually in- believe that no alteration of our basic here with two of his ceramic and glass surmountable of replying in- immigration laws should be affected until tile mosaic murals. The Legion emblem dividually to the thousands of mes- a study in depth discloses that a change is a permanent part of Eagle Rock post sages of sympathy received subse- in such law is in the best interest of the and was installed on the wall behind quent to his mother's recent death, United States. We oppose action to the their stage. The flying flag mural is Nat'l Cmdr Donald E. Johnson contrary." shown at Legion meetings in southern takes this procedure to publicly O'Connor called attention to the exist- California and will next be shown at the give thanks, both for himself and ence of a bipartisan Joint Committee on 10th Annual Seminar of the Ceramic his family, to those who were so Immigration and Nationality Policy Tile Institute this month in the Biltmore kind at this time of bereavement. which is inactive due to lack of neces- Hotel, Los Angeles, Calif.

34 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1965 ;

NEWS

BRIEFLY NOTED Cleveland, Ohio, is expected to bid next transport the necessary eye tissue to the for the privilege of hosting The place where the operation is to be per- The Dep't of Michigan is notifying post May the blind recipient. commanders that milk cartons with side American Legion's Nat'l Convention of formed on panels bearing American Legion mes- 1970. An "exploratory" session was held sages are now available to all dairies there recently by officials of the in- In a joint presentation, Paul A. Chinn, using Pure-Pak carton milk containers. terested groups, including Nat'l Legion Legion Dep't Cmdr, Kentucky, and gen- The Dep't has urged every post com- Convention Director William H. Miller, eral chairman of Louisville Post 201's mander to request the dairymen in the Dep't Cmdr Vernon E. Allen, Dep't Child Welfare Carnival, gave to The post's area to purchase and use cartons Adjutant Joe Deutschle, Dep't Conven- Council for Retarded Children of Jeffer- bearing these Legion messages. Nat'l tion Director Joe Annick, Mayor Ralph son Co. a check for $12,361. Turning Cmdr Donald E. Johnson has approved Locher, Louis B. Seltzer, editor of The over the sum of $6,254 was John the project. Cleveland Press (who headed the con- Scherer, president of Louisville Assoc. of Cmdr Johnson requested, through the vention group as president), and officials Manufacturing Representatives. The Legion's Public Relations office, Legion of the Cleveland Convention Bureau and checks represent the net proceeds of Post participation on department and com- the Cleveland Hotel Assoc. 201's recent Child Welfare Carnival and munity levels. It was planned to have the brings the total gift for the last 12 years messages appear on approximately 225 Former American Legion Baseball to $94,200. million half-gallon milk cartons, pro- player Larry Elkins, of Baylor Univ. and duced in many local plants around the Brownwood, Texas, named as an end on Filmed highlights of The American country and abroad by Pure-Pak Div. of five All-America football teams, was Legion's 1964 Nat'l Convention in Ex-Cell-O Corp.. Detroit. Color may be signed by the Houston Oilers of the Dallas, Texas, are available to Legion added to the black and white picture- American Football League to a contract posts and other groups on loan for a messages at the local level according to believed to run into six figures. The pass $2.50 handling fee from Films, The ordering the the wishes of each dairy catching star (6-2, 187) had refused a American Legion, P.O. Box 1055, In- cartons. $25,000 major league baseball offer to dianapolis, Ind. 46206. The film shows Six illustrated are available. messages enter Baylor. Chosen for a tackle posi- the convention parade, meetings, musi- Each message starts off with 'The Amer- tion on five All-Americas is Larry cal and marching contests, and the stir- ." ican Legion Urges: . . Then comes one Kramer, of Univ. of Nebraska and ring scene as the delegates unanimously of the following: "Fly Old Glory and Austin, Minn. (6-2, 240), who kept in elected Donald E. Johnson national with pride." "Preserve the free institu- shape for football by working for the commander. tions of "Perpetuate America." our Lincoln, Nebr., police force and as a priceless American heritage." "A square bouncer for Legion Post 3, Lincoln. "Inventing Tomorrow" is a new 16-page deal for every child." "Teach the bless- illustrated booklet which provides a con- ings of our free American life." "Build Two Ohio American Legion Baseball cise summary of the current child wel- American ideals into today's youth of graduates have been signed by the Cleve- fare objectives of The American Legion. America for good citizens of tomorrow!" land Indians: shortstop Roger Post, with "Community Recreation" is a new guide Post 88, Ashland, in 1962, and lefty for posts and units interested in the de- hurler Gary Legg, formerly of the Post velopment of community recreational 488 team in Crestline. Drafted by the facilities. To secure these, write to: Nat'l Minnesota Twins on their fifth round Child Welfare Div., The American was Len Boryca, shortstop of the Post 1, Legion, P.O. Box 1055, Indianapolis, Omaha, Nebr., team which tied for third Ind. 46206. in the Legion finals in 1963 at Keene, N.H. Officially on the Seattle winter ros- Ten new films are available (for a rental ter, the 19-year-old Boryca played last fee of $2.50 each) from the Audio season with Statesville, N.C., of the Visual Unit, The American Legion, P.O. Western Carolinas League. Box 1055, Indianapolis, Ind. 46206. Titles include: "Eddie Incorporated" (A Through CARE, in the name of the group of youngsters go into business for Maryland American Legion Boys State themselves, learn how modern corporate Alumni Association, three woodworking business affects all aspects of our so- kits have been sent to Mexico; a number ciety); "Letter to Linda" (Explains why

of kits to students in Manila, P. I.; two America is such a great nation); "Lin- special block making machines to Bo- coln Heritage Trail" (in Kentucky, In- gota, Colombia, to enable people in diana, and Illinois); "Indianapolis 500 remote areas to build their own schools, Mile Race"; "New Look at the H- etc.; and two tons of CARE foods to Bomb"; "Frontlines of Freedom" (The Hong Kong, China. nature of the threat to all free countries) "Stay Alive" (High school driver educa- In the past three years, Maryland Le- tion). gionnaires have given over $18,000 toward the program of the Medical Eye The Dep't of Rhode Island won The Bank of Maryland. The money has come American Legion's Nat'l Blood Donor from an annual Christmas tree sale. The Award by having the greatest percentage present need is for more eyes to be of posts — 97.4 — participating in its pledged for donation upon the death of blood bank program. Thirty-nine states A Legion message via milk cartons is the idea originating in the Dep't of Michigan. the donor, and funds to preserve and participated in the program.

THE AMERIC I LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1965 35 NEWS.

POSTS IN ACTION sorship of training programs and a sum- Through the auspices of Post 1, Rene When South Carolina's Candy Yaghjian, mer camp for outstanding patrol boys. Christin, Mich., a V.A. trust fund has a student at Wheaton College in Norton, been established for a two-year-old son Mass., was unable to vote in the national The battleship USS Massachusetts, Big of a veteran who committed suicide. His with a check. election, Norton's Post 222 went into Mamie of WW2, presently berthed at fund was opened $1,400 will per action. South Carolina does not provide Norfolk, Va., will soon "go home" to The Government send $140 month for the boy until his 18th birth- for an absentee ballot except in the case Fall River, Mass. Legionnaires' dollars day. the boy is 18, his trust fund of government employees and service- will put her there as a war memorial. When will amount to almost $25,000, tax free. men. When Candy's classmates learned Over $1,000 was raised in the first three months of a drive sparked by Post 318, His mother has expressed her gratitude Worcester, which produced $245 to the post. through a "Smorgasbord." Contributors are given honorary rank and commis- "A little hard to swallow, isn't it?" says sions in the Massachusetts Navy entitling Denver's Post 1, in accepting (temporar- them to free visits aboard the battleship. ily, it adds) the fact that it has lost its distinction of being the largest American Legion post in the world. The new Post 733, Harrisburg, Pa., won a na- is Post Lincoln, Nebr., which tional Legion citation for the outstanding champ 3, at a recent date had signed up 4,551 Child Welfare program in the 19th Dis- members to shade Denver's 4,465. It had trict of the Dep't of Pennsylvania (Cumberland, Dauphin, and Lebanon been agreed that the losing post's com- mander would hang a sign on the win- Counties). Post 733 sponsors a Boy Scout ning post's building which says. Troop, Cub Scout Pack, Boys Junior Legion cannon shoots Candy home to vote. "Congratulations, you are the World's Drill Team, and Girls Rifle Team. Largest Post." of her plight, they organized a campaign to send Candy home to vote. In the Post 222, Fort Lauderdale, Fla., gave Post 243, Grand Rapids, Mich., in this photo, Albert Watson, past commander its Heroism award "for bravery far past year has secured 1 8 enlistments for of Post 222, fires the Legion cannon to above the call of duty" to George Ste- the Army Student Nurse Program. launch the drive, while Candy braces. phens, 14, who lies near death from An appeal was made to the undergrad- injuries and gangrene received while sav- Post 174, Baltimore, Md., gave enter- uates to give up a dime for Candy. ing two girls, 15 and 17, from drowning tainer Bob Hope a flag to display atop Enough dimes were raised to send Candy in a sewage polluted canal. The boy's his new flagpole at his home in North to South Carolina—not just to vote, but only comment to his mother from his Hollywood, Calif. The pole formerly was to bring to the attention of the electorate pain-racked, gangrene-infected body installed at the NBC Studios in Holly- the need for an absentee ballot. was, "Don't be mad at me, Ma, I'd do it again!" wood, Calif. The flag is a five-by-seven- foot replica of the 15-star, 15-stripe flag Post 951, Ozone Park, N.Y., observed that flew over Fort McHenry, near Balti- Dec. 7 as Pearl Harbor Day, held me- Post 252, Breese, III., gave $7,500 to the more, 150 years ago. Hope had visited morial services in its clubhouse, and new Clinton County Hospital, and will Baltimore on a previous occasion to donated a trophy to the first war veteran erect a flag pole on the grounds and fur- participate in the "I Am An American to finish in the First Annual Pearl Har- nish a flag. The hospital will dedicate to Day" program. Left to right in the photo: bor Memorial miles, 385 the post the patients' dining area in the Marathon (26 Aldine Bird, Veterans Affairs Editor, skilled nursing section. yards). Winner of the trophy was Ted Baltimore News-American; and Bob Corbitt, 43, who finished sixth in the Hope. race in 2 hours, 46 minutes. Oscar Post 216 (U.S. Postal Employees), Cin- Moore, 26, a Pioneer Club teammate cinnati, Ohio, gave an American Legion and member of the 1964 United States medal for heroism to Legionnaire Her- Olympic Team, won the race in 2:32. bert Backs for leading the way in the Radio station WINS sponsored the race. rescue of a woman and her three children who had been run down and "keel- Post 385, New York (Metropolitan Life hauled" when their small boat drifted into the path of a huge barge on the Insurance Co.), has given its first grant- in-aid toward a nursing education to Ohio River. Linda Kinzinger, of Staten Island, N.Y. The grant, which will be annual, pro- Post 165, Midland, Mich., awarded the vides $2,400 toward a four-year college Legion's medal of honor to young James course, and was made possible by con- W. Johnson, who rescued his eight-year- tributions from employees at Met. Life old brother from a burning garage with- Co. out regard to his own personal safety, receiving multiple burns.

Post 5, Worthin^ton, Minn., donated $496 worth of new raincoats, badges, Post 7, Clearwater, Fla., makes avail- belts and flags to replace old School Pa- able to veterans, without charge. 10 trol equipment in the four Worthington wheel chairs and three walkers. The post elementary schools. The American purchased seven of the wheel chairs and Legion has long supported the program, two walkers, while Clearwater citizens not only with equipment, but by spon- donated the remainder. Bob Hope gets a famous flag. 36 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEB RUARY 1965 NEWS

When Post 61, Watertown, N. Y., spon- Post 93, Siler City, N.C., gave its $500 sored its annual graduation dance for Lewis Spence Scholarship to Roger two local schools, The Syracuse Post Brooks, center fielder on the post's Standard had this to say: "The school American Legion Baseball team for the graduates have come to like the idea of past four years. A $300 scholarship

dating and dancing at the Legion. . . went to third baseman Herbert Pike. The For parents who might not be in the Lewis Spence Scholarship is presented know, let me assure them that the whole annually by the post in honor of the man deal is terrific. The Legion clubrooms who has coached the local Legion teams are turned over to the graduates with for the past 14 years. Coach Spence, just plenty of dancing space, proper chaper- out of the hospital, received a check for ones, and only soft refreshments. Amaz- $500 and other gifts in recognition of his Post 85, Baltic, Conn., presents Legion ingly, the graduating seniors report en- years of service. banner to CYO Lincolnmen Drum & Bugle Corps, which it co-sponsors. L to R: joying themselves at the affair, which is Herbert Morey, 1st vice cmdr; Sherman the way these things should be. Gradua- Post 2, Cleveland, Ohio, through the McDonald, cmdr; and Mary Lou Zinavage, tion parties sometimes can be disastrous efforts of Vay Gallagher and Past Cmdr the captain of the corps color guard. and not the pleasant memory one wishes Ross Harrison, presented a Pressure to recall in the future. Besides, these Breathing Therapy Unit to the VA Hos- PEOPLE IN THE NEWS affairs can ease the worries of a lot of pital. The machine is expected to help Donald E. Johnson, Nat'l Cmdr of The parents." a hospitalized veteran spend some time American Legion, given the Croix de at home. Guerre Beiges by the Belgian Gov't. Members of Havre, Mont., Post 11, in conjunction with local garages and serv- Post 719, New York (USS Tampa, Coast Robert W. Mitchler, of Oswego, 111., ice stations employing Legionnaires, Guard), raised $11,000 among members member of the Legion's Nat'l Publica- staged a car safety check and auto safety and friends to help furnish the chapel tions Commission, elected a state drive during a recent two-week period. that was completely burned out in 1963 senator. In cooperation with Dep't Safety Chair- at the CG Training Station, Groton, man Don Keifer, about 400 cars were Conn. checked and a number of daylight "run- Willis Player, Cmdr, Post 501, New ning lights" York City, named vice president of Pan- put into service. Post 15, Post 338, Westmont, 111., gave $350, and Wheatland, Mont., held a free safety the Auxiliary $100, to the Park Board American World Airways. inspection of all children's bicycles in the for playground equipment. The post has community, put reflector tape on all also given Americanism awards to grad- DIED bikes, and placed eight dozen "running uates of schools. Westmont's The awards Frank J. Abbott, in Manchester, N.H. lights" on local cars. entitle the winners to compete for a $200 He was that state's first Dep't Adjutant, prize in a statewide essay contest. and a participant in the Paris and St. Post 37, San Rafael, Calif., has given Louis Caucuses. a $900 scholarship to be applied to a Post 282, Orrville, Ohio, gave its an- nursing course. The winner: Maureen scholarship in nual award memory of Bernard C. Craig, in Brazil, Ind. He was Thompson of Terra Linda H.S. Dr. R. E. C. McDougal to Joan Roten, a the father of former Indiana Governor student at Kent State extension college, George N. Craig, Legion Past Nat'l Post 128, Indian Rocks Beach, Fla., located in Kent, Ohio. Cmdr (1949-50). gave $100 to the West Pinellas Little League Baseball team, and also con- THE AMERICAN LEGION J. Norman Lodge, in Washington, D.C. tracted to pay for a sign on the outfield NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS A former member of the Legion's Public OCTOBER 31, 1 964 fence at a cost of $85 for two years. ASSETS Relations staff in the Washington, D.C, Cash on hand and on deposit $1,700,236.95 Receivable 347,331.21 office, and a former director of the VA's Inventories 360,985.46 Information Service, he died shortly Invested Funds 1,268,070.39

Trust Funds : after being honored at a VA retirement Overseas Graves Decoration Trust Funds 281,642.77 luncheon. Employees Retirement Trust Fund ..3,499,565.18 3,781,207.95 Real Estate 814,228.39 OUTFIT REUNIONS Furniture & Fixtures, Less Depreciation 228,707.35 Deferred Charges 91,484.69 Reunion will be held in month indicated. For particulars, write person whose address is $8,592,252.39 given. LIABILITIES, DEFERRED REVENUE Notices accepted on official form only. For AND NET WORTH form send stamped, addressed return envelope Current Liabilities $ 384,886.32 to O. R. Form, American Legion Magazine, Polish-style picnic for 1,886 patients Funds Restricted as to use 18,382.26 720 Fifth Ave., New York, N.Y. 10019. Notices Deferred Income 2,240,343.30 should be received at least four months before ' Post 455, Hamtramck, Mich., staged its Trust Funds : scheduled reunion. No written letter necessary Overseas Graves Decoration second annual picnic for the 1,886 pa- to get form. Trust Funds 281,642.77 Earliest submission favored when volume of Employees Retirement tients in Battle Creek VA Hospital, giv- requests is too great to print all. Trust Fund , .3,499,565.18 3,781,207.95 ing them a hot, Polish-style meal, musical Net Worth: Reserve Fund ARMY entertainment, and three tons of books 24,185.11 Restricted Fund 23,889.33 1st Cav Div— (Aug.) A. E. Stevens, P.O. Box and magazines. Other veterans groups Real Estate 814,228.39 11201, Albuquerque, N. Mex. 87112 Reserve for Rehabilitation 578,607.84 2nd Arm'd Div— (Aug.) R. F. Perry, P.O. Box lent a hand. After the patients had Reserve for Child Welfare 101,424.08 2115, Satellite Beach, Fla. 32937 6th Eng Reserve for ... . (WW1)- (Aug.) Eric feasted, the multi-group committee and Convention 60,000.00 A. Scott, 2122 1,602,334.75 O'Day Rd., Fort Wayne, Ind. 7th Mayor Joseph Grzecki (fifth from left) Unrestricted Capital 565,097.81 2,167,432.56 Arm'd Div— (Aug.) William E. Jones, Box 361, Ronda, N.C. lined up for this photo. $8,592,252.39 (Continued on next page) THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1965 37 NEWS

9th Inf Div— (July) Daniel Quinn, 412 Gregory Erben— (Aug.) Harrold F. Monning, 310 E. 8th Robert S. Herwer (1964), Post 184, Redondo Ave., Weehawken, N.J. St., Kewanee, 111. Beach, Calif. 12th Arm'd Div— (Aug.) Lawrence E. Mintz, USS Anzio (CVE-57)— ( June) Courtney Sprat- Russell Josenhans (1963), Post 241, Baldwin 20020 Snowden Ave., Detroit, Mich. 48235 lin, Winterville, Ga. Park Calif 17th Inf, Co L (WW2)— (Aug.) T. J. Wallin, USS Gustafson (DE-182)— ( Aug.) Donald M. John W. Goodenow (1964), Post 261, El Monte, 1003 W. 52nd N., Wichita, Kans. 67204 Gladson, 3028 Cameron St., Indianapolis, Ind. Calif. 24th Inf Div— (Aug.) Kenwood Ross, 120 Maple USS Niagara (WW1)— (May) F. H. Schmidt, 448 James L. Quigley (1964), Post 456, San Fran- St., Springfield, Mass. Grove St., Oradell, N.J. 07649 cisco, Calif. 26th Inf Div— (June) Angelo J. Mantenuto, c/o USS Philadelphia (CL-41)— ( Aug.) Frank J. Dan McElroy (1963) and Leon R. Ervin and Hotel Lenox, 61 Exeter St., Boston, Mass. Amoroson, 93 Dunbar St., Somerset, N.J. 08873 Marcus J. Finkelberg and Michael Fontanetta 28th Div (AEF)— (June) George W. Styer, 202 and Leonard L. Leib (all 1964), Post 583, Los Ash St., Danville, Pa. 17821 AIR Angeles, Calif. 48th Evac Hosp (Aug.) William F. Repkoe, Clarence R. Hillman (1946) and Alexander J. — llth Bomb Gp (H)— (Aug.) Robert E. May, 2201 Harwood Ave., Upper Darby, Pa. Carmel and Everett E. Pilling (both 1964), Post P.O. Box 11, Perrysburg, Ohio 43551 63rd Combat Eng— ( Aug.) George Spellacy, 4121 77, East Hartford, Conn. 89th Aero Sqdn— (June) Arnold P. Mitchell, E. 148th St., Cleveland, Ohio. Annette A. Perkins (1964), Post 168, Warren, 2213 N. Warren, City 7, Okla. 68th Reg't Coast Art'y Corps— (Aug.) G. Fred Oklahoma Conn. 284th Aero Sqdn (WW1)— (July) Les E. Sutton, Smith, 223 Kentucky, Danville, 111. Frederick A. Livingstone (1964), Post 12, 111 111. 69th Inf Div— (Aug.) Harold Starry, 150 Glen- E. Main St., Collinsville, Washington, D.C. 332nd Air Service Gp (July) Charles G. Schra- dsl6 Ccir lisle Ps — Mack Myers (1964), Post 31, Washington, D.C. der, 2819 N. Pearl St., Jacksonville, Fla. 70th Tank Bn— (July) James W. Vance, 4302 Joseph O. Bear and Frank G. Gallagher (both Carriage Ct., Kensington, Md. 1964), Post 580, Pesotum, 111. 76th Sta Hosp (WW2)— (Aug.) Walter Mellen- MISCELLANEOUS Jacob M. Jacobsen and Marshall S. Malloy koff, c/o Jewel Benton Rug Co., 1 Mattas St., American Battleship Assoc.— (Aug.) David C. and Randall H. Pearson and Lowell E. Roberts Scranton, Pa. Graham, P.O. Box 11199, San Diego, Calif. (all 1964), Post 695, Chicago, 111. 83rd Inf Div— (Aug.) Bernard O. Riddle, Rt. 3, CBI— (Aug.) D. Runk, 1905 Jean St., Houston Harry M. Colvert (1962) and Carl Severin Saluda, S.C. 23, Tex. (1963) and Clarence R. Broman and J. Clayton 84th Inf Div— (Aug.) William R. Johnson, P.O. Hoisington (both 1964), Post 864, Rockford, 111. Box 1224, Fort Myers, Fla. Shirley Gunnels and John L. Knipple (both 88th Inf Div— (Aug.) Reunion Chairman—88th NEW POSTS 1964), Post 57, Fowler, Ind. Div Ass'n, Box 143 Inwood Station, New York, Harvey F. Haltmeyer (1961), Post 267, Mc- N.Y. 10034 The American Legion has recently char- Gregor, Iowa. 101st Airborne Div— (Aug.) Walter L. Miller, Russell R. Southern (1964), Post 534, Mingo, the following posts: Pine Jr., P.O. Box 454, Greenville, Tex. 75402 tered new Iowa. 112th Cav— (Aug.) Miller Lattimore, 1317 Castle Memorial Post 286, Pine Castle, J. C. Terrell (1964), Post 145, Leesville, La. Gaucho, Dallas, Tex. George W. Frederick, Sr. and C. Wesley 112th Inf, Anti-Tank Co— (Aug.) Wilfred J. Fla.; Garland Post 517, Garland, Texas; Namuth and George J. Winters (all 1965), Post Bissell Ave., Oil City, Pa. 16301 Eisenman, 111 Bright-Hill Post 614, Kansas City, Mo.; 4, Baltimore, Md. 134th Inf, Co B (WW1)—(May) Allan R. John R. R. Black (1964), Post 42, Hagerstown, Holmes, 1105 Garden Ave., Des Moines, Iowa Whitehaven Post 73, Whitehaven, Tenn.; Md. 152nd Inf, 1st Bn— (Aug.) James E. Corley, 215 Leo T. Murphy and William J. Murphy and Lafayette St., New Albany, Ind. Tuttle-Miller Post 761, Bellbrook, Ohio; William J. Myers and Edward L. O'Brien (all Field Art'y Bn, Bat A—(May) Paul H. Mass. 178th , Niles Post 29, Niles, 111.; Montrose- 1963) Post 28, Northampton, Greer, Rt. 6, Greer, S.C. 29651 Harlow A. Shepard (1950) and Leslie E. Clark 214th MP Co— (Aug.) George P. Dexter, 1760 Buchanan Post 1413, Buchanan, N.Y.; and Edward F. McDonald (both 1964), Post 238, Birmingham, Ala. 35216 Shades Crest Rd., John Teetem Wilkerson Post 518, Shrewsbury, Mass. 273rd Field Art'y Bn (WW2)— (Aug.) D. E. and Ernest Beaucage (1964), Post 355, Mendon, Higgins, 2821 E. 12th St., Joplin, Mo. Bovina, Texas. Mass. 305th Mach Gun Bn (WW1)—(May) Geo. H. Joseph J. Carceo (1963) and John H. White N.Y. Warrin, 40 Marlboro Rd., Valley Stream, (1964) , Post 442, Cambridge, Mass. 337th Eng & 1338th Engr Gp— (Aug.) William Charles Fales (1962) and Boyd Fuller (1964), H. Richter, 191 Riveredge Rd., Tenafly, N.J. LIFE MEMBERSHIPS Post 298, Battle Creek, Mich. Joseph 349th Inf, Mach Gun Co (WW1)— (June) The award of a life membership to a Legion- Lettis M. Corridan (1962) and Albert Barcom Iowa Storler Wagner, 1214 Second Ave. S., Clinton, naire by his Post is a testimonial by those who and Dr. Frank O'Donnell and Gilbert 351st Inf, Co I— (Aug.) John Van Der Linden, know him best that he has served The Ameri- (all 1964), Post 355, Minneapolis, Minn. New Sharon, Iowa can Legion well. Robert V. Walcott (1957) and Ben. F. Snead 359th Eng GS Reg't, Co B— (Aug.) Hugo Stock- Below are listed some of the previously un- and R. Percy Stewart (both 1964), Post 4, man, 6304 Northcliff Ave., Cleveland, Ohio published life membership Post awards that Natchez, Miss. E. 360th Eng Reg't GS (WW2)— (June) Edward have been reported to the editors. They are Bertis G. Arie and Bruce Dickerson and Ziats, Box 257. Marianna, Pa. arranged by States or Departments. Pelham McGee (all 1964), Post 20, Fremont, 448th AAA, AW Bn (WW2)— (June) Ike Ken- Nebr. dall, Richvalley, Ind. 46973 George J. Little (1964) and Wiley C. Moore Claude B. Keator and Walter E. Williams R. 459th AAA Bn, Hq Bat— (July) Stephen (1965), Post 71, Attalla, Ala. (both 1964), Post 242, Pompton Plains, N.J. Fayette- Carter, Rt. 6—1314 Mt. Comfort Rd., James A. Connor and Robinson J. Ward (both William H. Bowcott and Edward A. Lingen- ville. Ark. „„_ 1964), Post 134, Homewood, Ala. felter (both 1964), Post 57, CobleskiU, N. Y. Martin,, 665 503rd MP Bn, Co C— (Aug.) Lee James J. Murphy, Jr. and J. M. Nixon and Clarence Dickinson, Sr. and Louis Euvrard, Main St., West Haven, Conn. Charles W. Pinyan and George W. Pyle (all Sr. and James Murphy and William L. Nelson Robert C. Griffin, 531st Eng Shore Reg't— (July) 1963), Post 1, Phoenix, Ariz. (all 1964), Post 293, Tuxedo, N.Y. 4 Bailey Rd., Park Forest, 111. Jess Dabner (1938) Joseph Fredericks and Phelps Phelps and 103— Dr. L. J. Snow (1929) and 556th AAA AW Bn— (June) Tony Fiorilli, and M. G. Acorne (1944), Post 28, Petaluma, Louis Tesio (all 1962) and George M. Grennan 19th St., Wheeling, W. Va. Calif. (1963), Post 496, New York, N.Y. 566th QM Railhead Co— (Aug.) Howard Win- Dr. Chester B. Parkinson, Sr. (1964), Post 44, Arthur M. Frank (1964), Post 365, Bay Shore, gerter, 869 Christ Rd., Evansville, Ind. Monrovia, Calif. N.Y. 648th Tank Dest Bn— (Aug.) Al Vaughan. 919 George K. Guinsburg (1956) and Albert H. Garland St. S.W., Camden, Ark. 71701 Graf (1964), Post 453, Chappaqua, N.Y. 702nd Tank Bn— (Aug.) Robert J. Brookhouser, Clifton C. Stone (1956), f'ost 659, Ellicottville, 941 W. 10th St., Erie, Pa. N.Y. 729th Rwy Oper Bn— (Aug.) Albert H. Colello, Charles B. Swartz (1964), Post 664, Honeoye 4251 4th Ave., Altoona, Pa. 16602 American Legion Life Insurance Falls, N. Y. 730th Rwy Oper Bn— (Aug.) Charles V. Hed- Month ending December 18, 1964 Ac hi lie Chiarilli and Carmine Eaione (both strom, 401 Edgeknoll La., Fort Wayne, Ind. 1962), Post 1163, Yonkers, N.Y. (Aug.) Steffan Masec- Darrigan and Willis N. Rogers (both 813th Aviation Eng Bn— Benefits paid Jan. 1-December 18 ....$ 737,020 Dewey York, N.Y. vicz, Rt. 1, LaCrosse, Wis. Apr. 1964) , Post 1242, New Benefits paid since 1958 2,172,781 and 818th Tank Dest Bn— (Aug.) Jim E. Meredith, Insurance in force (dollars) 256,748,304 George F. Cerny and Robert G. Chambers Post 162, Rt. 3, Powell, Tenn. Basic units in force (number) 113,246 Raymond E. Copeland (all 1963), G. 863rd Ord Hvy Auto Maint Co— (Aug.) Hans applications since Jan. 1 14,127 Marion, Ohio. New Bracken- Ehlers, Gretna, Nebr. New applications rejected 1,641 George F. Gass, Sr. (1963), Post 226, (July) Army Ambulance Service (WW1)- American Legion Life Insurance is an official ridge, Pa. James J. Cummings, 803 E. Tioga St., Phila- program of The American Legion, adopted by John T. Maljevac (1964), Post 420, Steelton, delphia, Pa. 19134 the Nat'l Executive Committee, 1958. It is Pa. Base Hosp. 26 (WW1)— (Aug.) Robert B. Gile, reducing term insurance, issued on application, Dr. H. V. Car dona and Clyde C. Thomas (both 55416 Tex. Sr., 4211 Forest Rd., Minneapolis, Minn. subject to approval based on health and em- 1965) , Post 21, Fort Worth, ployment statement to paid up members of Sidney A. Newcombe, Sr. (1964), Post 10, The American Legion. Death benefits range Barre, Vt. NAVY and from $8,000 (double unit up to age 35) in re- Jacob D. Womack and Allen S. Zirkle 1st Marine Div— (Aug.) E. C. Clarke, Box 84, ducing steps with age to termination of in- Lester A. Zirkle (all 1962), Post 77, Strasburg, Alexandria, Va. 22313 surance at end of year in which 70th birthday Va. 6th Marine Reg't, 97th Co (AEF)— (June) Don- occurs. Available in single and double units at Harvey J. Dance (1964). Post 136, Ettrick, Va. ald J. Mills, 642 Forest Ave., Evanston, 111. flat rate of $12 or $24 a year on a calendar 21st Seabees— (Aug.) A. P. Corbin, 430 Park year basis, pro-rated during first year at $1 Life Memberships are accepted for publica- Dr., Hillsboro, Tex. or $2 a month for insurance approved after tion only on an official form, which we provide. 80th Seabees— (Aug.) Isaac G. McNatt, 848 St. Jan. 1. Underwritten by two commercial life Reports received only from Commander, Ad- Nicholas Ave., New York 31, N.Y. insurance companies. American Legion insur- jutant or Finance Officer of Post which awarded Patrol Aircraft Service Unit 1-8, Att. Fleet Air ance trust fund managed by trustee operating the life membership. Wing 6— (Aug.) John G. Rueckert, 23271 under laws of Missouri. No other insurance may They may get form by sending stamped, self- Schoolcraft St., Canoga Park, Calif. use the full words "American Legion." Ad- addressed return envelope to: Seabee Veterans of America— (Aug.) Ray Gart- ministered by The American Legion Insurance "L.M. Form, American Legion Magazine, 720 ski, 4148 W. Oakdale Ave., Chicago 41, 111. Department, P.O. Box 5609, Chicago, 111. 60680, 5th Ave., New York, N.Y." 10019. Submarine Vets (WW2)— (Aug.) Len Crane, to which write for more details. On a corner of the return envelope write the 3130 Arizona Rd., Honolulu, Hawaii 96818 number of names you wish to report. No written USS Abbot, Bullard, Kidd, Black, Chauncey & letter necessary to get forms. 38 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1965 .

LOW WATER ON THE LAKES (Continued from page 11)

massive dams, power projects and water- cial loss in history in 1963 and expected with the economics of all these com- shed conservation programs. Even in worse when its 1964 books were bal- plexes. A ten-year dry spell (nothing to states in some of the best watered areas anced. a geologist or a climatologist) can do of the country, the pressure of population The New York State Power Authority untold mischief to the large segment of and industry now requires new, bigger reported electricity production off 3 bil- the continent which depends in one way and more expensive reservoir projects, lion kilowatt hours in 1963 as a result or another on the Lakes. Indeed, should (and new solutions to man's fouling of of a 20% decline in waterflow to its the present drought last that long, many his water with his own pollution, which generators. The Huron Portland Cement who don't know of their dependence on is another story) Co., at Alpena, Mich., had its delivery normal water in the Lakes will find it The American Geophysical Union re- capacity reduced by 950 tons per ship out. cently announced that it would publish by midsummer 1964. Since these items In addition to transportation, power a quarterly called "Water Resources Re- were reported the Lakes have gotten and city water supply, Americans and search." In announcing it, the AGU lower. Canadians put Great Lakes water to noted that we are now spending about Today there are 12 U.S. and three every conceivable use: for quenching $10 billion a year on water resources Canadian cities on the Lakes with popu- hot slag, vulcanizing rubber, processing development, and we may soon up that lations of more than 100,000, including chemicals, brewing beer, manufacturing to $20 billion in order to avoid critical Chicago (over 3 million) and Detroit paper, founding brass, and along some water shortages "even in areas which (over 1 million). The whole basin has remote stretches of the Northern fringe, have a heavy amount of rainfall each 27 million inhabitants, while untold for a supply of ice cut in winter and kept year." others who live farther away are econom- under sawdust. The Great Lakes are a fascinating ex- ically bound to the Lakes in some degree. ample of man's growing dependence on One of the most basic industrial mar- There will be no turning back from holding the "normal," year in and year riages in the country is the connection this growing dependence on the out. A hundred years ago a drop of a between the steel producing and steel Lakes. The United States, which has few feet on the Lakes would have been a consuming industries on the Lakes' south taxed them the most, will continue to nuisance to quite a few people, but hardly shores from Chicago to New York State, crowd them and base more and bigger in- a calamity. and Minnesota's wealth of iron in the dustry on them, while rapid growth in Range, But this past year the Chicago and Mesabi by way of cheap long Canada is particularly evident in the Northwestern Railway had to lay out haulage of ore over the Great Lakes. towns and cities of southern Ontario. The reliance and $1.3 million at Escanaba, Mich., so that The of more more people St. Lawrence Seaway is the latest interna- its ships could still dock there to load in the United States and Canada on elec- tional exploitation of the Lakes, bringing ore. tric power from Great Lakes water stead- ocean ships to Chicago. Joseph McCann, ily rises. grain The Bay Port Fishing Company on Enormous tonnages of Seaway administrator, says, "It is not the plains Saginaw Bay has had to abandon its move from and prairies of simply that our continent has too little the west and northwest the docks and send its boats to a marina two down Lakes water. Rather it is the problem of manag- to the hungry markets of the densely miles away, then truck the fish to the ing the water we have now." This is a populated east midwest. warehouse at the old dock for storage and concept that is old and familiar in the and shipping. It reported its biggest finan- A four-year dry spell can raise hob drier areas of the West, but is barely be- ginning to make itself generally felt in the wetter areas east of the Mississippi. Be- cause of man's increasing demands, wa- ter management for conservation pur- poses is now and will be in the future more and more important in areas which average 30 and more inches of rain a year—and these are areas where the no- tion of saving water is fairly new to most of their inhabitants. Early engineering projects on the Great Lakes didn't have conservation in mind. The Welland Canal in Canada was built to get shipping between Lake On- tario and Lake Erie around the Niagara River, whose big drop was also exploited for power projects. These projects in- creased the water flow out of Lake Erie. A 27-foot-deep ship channel through Lake St. Clair, above Detroit, dredged

as recently as 1 958-62, increased the flow out of Lake Huron into Lake Erie. Only two of the Lakes are presently subject to direct control of their levels. At the head of the rapids on the St. Marys River, "I wonder if you'd mind picking up a 90-day note for $10,000 to Albert Kornfield when you get inside?" flowing out of Lake Superior, is a gated structure which controls the diversion of water to nearby power stations. It THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE (Continued on next page)

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1965 39 — —

A New FREE BOOK for LOW WATER ON THE LAKES —(Continued from page 39)

also regulates the outflow from Lake Michigan. Instead of being sent to ocean MEN PAST40 Superior. This lake has been under close water for the winter, the U.S. Govern- control since 1922. Two control points ment dredge Markham has been kept in Troubled With Getting Up Nights, at the source of the St. Lawrence also continuous operation. But if the Lake Pains in Back, Hips, Legs, tend to regulate the level of Lake On- levels continue to fall, all the dredging Nervousness, Tiredness. tario. (Even so, by late winter, Lake in the world will be in vain, while even Ontario will have joined Michigan- six months of above average rainfall This New Free Book points out that if in reaching a low since offi- hardly be noticed. you are a victim of the above symptoms, Huron new would the trouble may be traceable to Glandu- cial measurements were first taken in The Army Engineers will soon come lar Inflammation ... a condition that 1860, according to Lake survey esti- up with detailed plans for projected con- very commonly occurs in men of middle mates.) trols of Michigan-Huron at the head of age or past and is often accompanied by despondency, emotional upset and other During last summer's crisis, the inter- the St. Clair River, and of Lake Erie at mental and nervous reactions. national body which controls the outflow the head of the Niagara River. These The book explains that, although of Superior at the St. Marys River opened would be vast undertakings. Not only many people mistakenly think surgery the gates to allow an additional 10,000 would gated dams have to be built to is the only answer to Glandular Inflam- cubic feet per second flow into Lake hold water back in time of drought, but mation, there is now a non-surgical Huron. But the combined volume of the natural outlets would have to be en- treatment available. Lakes Huron and Michigan is so large larged to permit above-normal discharge NOHSUMtCAL TREATMENTS that even this seemingly huge addition in time of flood. The Engineers are not of water can change their levels only by optimistic about anyone being willing to This New Free Illustrated Book tells a small amount, and this over a long pe- pay for these controls in the near future. about the modern, mild, Non-Surgical riod of time. Economic pressures of the future will treatment for Glandular Inflammation Two things are almost certain for the probably determine what will come of and that the treatment is backed by a them. Lifetime Certificate of Assurance. Many future, but their cost will be so great that men from all over the country have —as with other massive water conserva- The idea of diverting water into the taken the treatment NON-SURGICAL tion projects around the country—the Lakes from the Hudson Bay watershed is and have reported it has proven effec- pressure of need will probably have to not new. It has already been done on a tive. build up for years before they come to small scale at the Okogi River and Long The Non-Surgical treatment described pass any great scale. Lake projects in Ontario. The Okogi in this book requires no painful surgery, on hospitalization, anesthesia or long First, additional controls are being normally drains into Hudson Bay, but period of convalescence. Treatment studied to maintain the levels of the mid- near its headwaters a power dam has takes but a short time and the cost is dle lakes Michigan, Huron and Erie. been built which backs water over the reasonable. — Second, great projects may come into divide and into Lake Superior. This and REDUCIBLE being to divert rainfall from other water- the similar diversion at Long Lake add HERNIA HEMORRHOIDS sheds—chiefly that of Hudson Bay 5,000 cubic feet per second into Great into the Great Lakes. Lakes supply. It isn't much. Non-Surgical treatment f or both Reducible Hernia and Hemorrhoids, the be10K explains, can usually Since four of the Lakes are inter- Both a modest and a major proposal in be taken at the same time as treatment for Glandular Inflammation. national (only Lake Michigan is entirely the same vein have been worked out for

within the United States and its water is the Harricanaw River, which also drains one with Huron's), any control measures into Hudson Bay. A suitably placed dam must be the result of international agree- would back up 2,200 cubic feet of water FREEAri ment between the United States and per second into the Great Lakes. This Canada. To date, what could have been modest contribution could be had at a ILLUSTRATED BOOK a troublesome matter has been handled project cost of $200 million. The origi- smoothly since the signing of the Treaty nator of the idea, Sudbury, Ont., engineer This New Free Book is of 1909. This document established an Thomas W. Kierans, subsequently proj- fully illustrated and deals with diseases International (U.S. and Canadian) Joint ected a system of giant dikes in the James peculiar to men. Tak- decide all is- Bay estuary of the Harricanaw, whose ing a few minutes Commission which would right now to fill out sues touching on the natural flow of the water could be pumped over the divide the coupon below, may enable you to better international waters. The Commission into the Ottawa River and thence flow enjoy the future years Of has worked so well that the treaty stands into Lake Ontario, at a rate of up to of your life and prove DISEASES to be one of the best today virtually as it was first written. In 100,000 cubic feet per second. This proj- investments you ever made. the United States, many of the engineer- ect, which wouldn't help the upper Lakes ing tasks required to maintain and im- at all, would cost at least $1 billion, it is prove the waterway have been assigned estimated. EXCELSIOR FILL OUT THIS to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Solutions to the problem obviously do MEDICAL CLINIC COUPON TODAY The St. Clair dredging project calls not come fast and cheap. The weather in Dept. Mil 50 Excelsior Springs, Mo. for building underwater sills on either the near future will probably decide Gentlemen: Kindly send me at once, your side of the deep channel to reduce the whether or not the United States and

New FREE Book. I am interested in full in- will formation (Please Check Box) rate of discharge from Lake Huron that Canada soon pour billions of dollars Hernia Hemorrhoids Glandular the project has already caused. But that into Great Lakes controls. If the rain- Inflammation could not be rushed into completion this fall swings up soon, all will probably be

NAME_ year, and its effect on holding Huron's postponed for a while. But if the present ADDRESS- level will be small in any event. As a shortage of rainfall goes through 1965 TOWN short-term measure, dredging to keep and into 1966, the cost of not controlling harbor entrances as deep as possible has the Lakes may dramatically change the STATE La ...... J been stepped up on Lakes Huron and picture. the end 40 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1965 —

Favorable Interest Rates.

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Prescription liquid ... or D.D.D. cream. rooms, terraces, and balconies don't count. * Development to keep an eye on: CLOTHING—Most of the major garment re you miserable with pain and aches of leg ulcers, swelling, itch, rash due to deep venous manufacturers will begin marketing "permanent press" clothing this spring. congestion or leg swelling of bulged veins or in- juries? Find out about proven VISCOSE that A resin is "baked" into the garment to "set" the crease so firmly that it will works as you walk. Easy to use. Money-back guaranteed trial. Send for FREE BOOK today. withstand rain and washing. Price tags on these special items will be slightly L. E. VISCOSE COMPANY higher (about $1). —By Edgar A. Grunwald 100 W. Chicago Ave., Chicago 10, III. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1965 41 WHEN WASHINGTON CROSSED THE DELAWARE (Continued from page 14) his contemptible foe? So on December of the men. It will be a terrible night for said Washington. "I am resolved to take 13, Howe sent his soldiers into winter the soldiers who have no shoes. Some of Trenton." quarters, and returned to Manhattan to them have tied old rags around their In the early dawn at Trenton, they enjoy his mistress and the gaming tables. feet: others are barefoot, but I have not drove in on the astonished pickets and His lieutenant, Gen. Lord Charles Corn- heard a man complain. They are ready swooped down on the village from both wallis, packed for home leave. Gentle- to suffer any hardship and die rather directions. As Sullivan's guns boomed men, as all British officers knew, never than give up their liberty." from the south, Greene's division rushed in warred winter. to the top of King and Queen Streets. The Hessian commander at Trenton night was more terrible than The Knox's men quickly unlimbered their Rail. Like was Col. Johann Howe, he anyone could have foreseen. As Col. fieldpieces, youthful Capt. Alexander was brave in battle and indolent off the John Glover's hardy Marblehead fisher- Hamilton wheeled up his battery, and the field. Unable to speak English, contemp- poled the long boats men Durham American artillery blasted the confused tuous of the "country clowns" he had through swirling black waters, jagged ice German mercenaries from their hasty three times defeated, Rail had earned his slabs crashed against hulls and oars, and formations. Trenton command by helping to seize terrified horses whinnied above the The battle swiftly spread, filling the Fort Washington on Manhattan Island screeching wind. Somehow every boat sleet-lashed streets with dense smoke and in November. When guerrillas attacked and man made it across. Washington an indescribable racket of guns, screams his Trenton pickets and patrols, the silently watched the crews manhandle of wounded and dying men, and furious Colonel sent off nervous notes to his the army's 18 precious cannon ashore, cursing in two languages. American superiors. Yet instead of taking precau- while his stout young artillery colonel, sharpshooters clubbed and stabbed their tions, Rail settled down to amuse him- Henry Knox, bellowed orders. As usual, way into houses, and from the windows self with wine, music and cards, which the commander-in-chief was "calm and poured a murderous fire on the bewil- Washington's excellent spy service collected, but very determined." wrote dered Hessians. Colonel Rail, roused promptly reported. When loyalists and his aide. "The storm is changing to sleet from a drink-sodden sleep, finally gath- deserters told Rail on the 23rd of Ameri- and cuts like a knife." ered two of his three regiments in an or- can preparations, the Hessian snorted, The raging weather had put them chard and ordered a bayonet charge. It "It is old woman's talk." three hours behind schedule. It was was too late. Surrounded and over- Even as Rail spoke, Washington's men nearly 4 a.m. as the small army began whelmed, the enemy broke, Rail toppled were cooking their three-day rations, its grueling nine-mile march to Trenton. mortally wounded from his horse, and packing powder, balls and extra flints, The men staggered groggily along slip- the defense collapsed. A great cheer burst wrapping greasy rags around musket pery roads, stumbling in ruts that pain- from the Americans as the Hessians pans. On Christmas Day, at 3 o'clock fully slashed their feet. Blood marked grounded or smashed their arms. "This is in the afternoon, the regiments paraded their slow progress. As the sky lightened, a glorious day for our country!" ex- behind a sheltering hill, and began they knew they could never reach Tren- claimed Washington. marching toward the ferry. ton before daybreak. By then the Hes- the Continentals suffered There was no elation in the ranks. sians would have shaken off the stupors Amazingly, One of Washington's aides recorded the of their Christmas celebrations. Worse no death and only four wounded—two privates, Capt. William Washington dismal scene: "It is fearfully cold and yet, the storm was wetting the muskets. (a cousin of the General and later a hell- raw and a snowstorm setting in. The But it was too late to turn back. "Tell for-leather cavalry leader), and a future wind is northeast and beats in the faces General Sullivan to use the bayonet," President, Lt. James Monroe. The Hes- sians lost more than 1,000 men killed, wounded, and captured. It was a glori- ous day, and in many ways a lucky one. Although Washington had taken every

precaution, chance played its role in his success. The fierce blizzard which so hindered his passage also kept the Hes- sians from sending out their regular pa- trols. But for this, the Revolution might have ended Christmas night on the bloody banks of the Delaware.

There were other curious events.On the 25th, American Gen. Adam Ste- phen on his own hook had sent over a raiding party that nearly gave away the attack. In Rail's pocket was found a warning note he had forgotten during a card game as the enemy approached. "If

I had read this at Mr. Hunt's," the dying man said, " I would not be here now." On the day of attack, only Washington's own group got to Trenton for the battle. The two supporting columns of Ewing "Sign in, please." and Cadwalader never made it across the ice-jammed river. Their failure has been THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE much lamented by historians, though

42 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1965 —

actually it probably ensured Washing- By the night of January 1, 1777, Corn- While 400 men stoked huge campfires ton's surprise. wallis, who had hastily unpacked his and loudly axed trees and shoveled Washington hastened to safeguard his bags, had marched 8,000 reinforcements trenches, the American columns, their stunning victory. Weighing the risks of to Princeton. Eary next morning, leaving creaking artillery wheels wrapped in pushing further into New Jersey, he detachments at Princeton and Maiden- rags, stealthily filed away into the night. reluctantly took his army and prisoners head, 5,500 redcoats set out for Trenton Luckily the temperature had dropped, back across the stormy river. By late that and revenge. Washington boldly en- so the wheels could move on hardened night, after an even more dangerous trenched his force on the south side of ground. The men plodded doggedly on, passage, his troops rested secure on the Assunpink Creek below Trenton, then tripping and falling over tree stumps in Pennsylvania shore. They were so ex- sent a delaying party to keep Cornwallis the crude road. A sergeant recalled how hausted that 1,000 men reported sick from reaching the village before dark. "the ground was literally marked with next morning. One officer remembered The American skirmishers kept up an the blood of the soldiers' feet." Despite sitting down to eat and awakening at effective all-day running fire. Not until the biting cold, many exhausted men daylight on the floor, still holding his dusk did the British advance guard stood during the frequent halts "with spoon. drive the Continentals back over the their arms supported, fast asleep." The The next day, the 27th, two events en- bridge, where Knox's vigorous cannon- army's route was a little-known back couraged Washington to follow up his ade covered their retreat. But Cornwallis road circling the British left. Their des- achievement. Congress—ignorant of his was satisfied. Washington was trapped. tination, the small British garrison at victory—had voted him virtually dic- Morning would be time enough to "bag Princeton, 12 miles off tatorial powers for six months to raise the fox." When Cornwallis awoke on the frosty, situation truly des- bright morning of January 3, he faced a long-term, expanded army. At last Washington's was perate. the in lines. furiously Washington was authorized 16 more in- Cornered between enemy only empty enemy As he the his left, hurried toward Princeton, thunder- fantry battalions, 3,000 light horses, front and Delaware on he back his right flank. ing the of three artillery regiments, and an engi- had too few men to guard guns confirmed whereabouts dis- the vanished foe. neers corps to serve for three years or To the rear, he could only make a American Gen. Hugh astrous retreat. was in a tight spot Mercer's brigade, turning off to destroy the war's duration. He could make or He which he had invited by staying at Tren- the Stony Brook bridge, had run smack break all ranks under that of general, ton. It seems probable that Washington into two British rearguard regiments commandeer supplies, and punish the what he was doing, however, marching south to join Cornwallis at disaffected. Stern necessity had forced knew having already shown himself a slippery Trenton. The British colonel, ambling the legislators to act. Their covering let- general. The American "fox" swiftly along on his pony with two pet spaniels ter expressed renewed confidence in their laid a false scent and outmaneuvered the frisking at his boots, was as dumb- commander. "Happy it is for this coun- British bulldog. With no way to retreat, founded as the sleepy, hungry, brown- try that the General of their forces can he attacked the enemy's rear. {Continuecl on next page) safely be entrusted with the most un- limited power, and neither personal security, liberty or property be in the least endangered thereby." Washington's reply vindicated their trust. "... I shall WILL YOU SMOKE MY constantly bear in mind that as the sword was the last resort for the preservation of our liberties, so it ought to be the first NEW KIND OF PIPE to be laid aside when those liberties are firmly established." 30 Days at My Risk? Before this news arrived, Washington heard that By E. A. CAREY Cadwalader had finally £™ crossed the Delaware on the 27th with- All I want is your name so I can write out knowing of the army's return and and tell you why I'm willing to send found the enemy gone from Borden- you my pipe for 30 days smoking with- town and Burlington. Washington made out a cent of risk on your part. a second audacious decision. On the My new pipe is not a new model, not a new The claims I could make for this new principle in 29th, he launched a new crossing. By style, not a new gadget, not an improve- tobacco enjoyment are so spectacular that no pipe smoker would believe them. So, since "seeing is December 30th, his men were back in ment on old style pipes. It is the first believing", I also say "Smoking is convincing" and pipe in the world to use an Trenton. ENTIRELY I want to send you one Carey pipe to smoke 30 days NEW PRINCIPLE for giving unadulter- at my risk. At the end of that time, if you're willing But a second crisis threatened to ated pleasure to pipe smokers. to give up your Carey Pipe, simply break it to bits— shatter every newborn hope. In another and return it to me — the trial has cost you nothing. I've been a pipe smoker for 30 years Please send me your name today. The coupon or a day the army would practically cease to always looking for the ideal pipe— buying postal card will do. I'll send you absolutely free my be, when the existing enlistments ex- all the disappointing gadgets — never complete trial offer so you can decide for yourself pired. Washington, Knox, and Gen. finding a single, solitary pipe that would whether or not my pipe- smoking friends are right smoke hour after hour, day after day, when they say the Carey Pipe is the greatest smok- Thomas Mifflin eloquently begged the without bitterness, bite, or sludge. ing invention ever patented. Send your name today. soldiers to stay six more weeks. Though As one pipe smoker to another, I'll guarantee you With considerable doubt, I decided to work out the surprise of your life, FREE. Write E. A. Carey, something for myself. he had no money, Washington promised After months of experiment- 1920 Sunnyside Ave., Dept. i4(i-li. Chicago 40, Illinois ing and scores of disappointments, suddenly, almost them a ten-dollar bounty, pledging his by accident, I discovered how to harness four great E. A. CAREY, 1920 Sunnyside Ave., natural laws to give me everything I wanted in a pipe. own estate. On the last day of 1776, he DEPT. 246-B, CHICAGO 40, ILLINOIS I It didn't require any "breaking in". From the first appealed to Congressman Robert Morris Please send facts about the Carey Pipe. Then I will puff it smoked cool — it smoked mild. It smoked right decide if I want to try it for 30 Days at YOUR RISK. for help. Morris got his Philadelphia down to the last bit of tobacco without bite. It never Everything you send is free. No salesman is to call. has to be "rested". AND it never has to be friends out of bed on New Year's morn- cleaned! Yet it is utterly impossible for goo or Name. ing, borrowed $50,000, and Washing- sludge to reach your tongue, because my invention dissipates the goo as it forms! ton had some 5,100 troops for a little You might expect all this to require a complicated Address. longer. mechanical gadget, but when you see it, the most sur- prising thing will be that I've done all this in a pipe City. . Zone. .State. He had barely saved his army in time. that looks like any of the finest conventional pipes.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1965 43 WHEN WASHINGTON CROSSED THE DELAWARE widely hailed as a great general. Patriot (Continued from page 43) spirits soared as the country's faith in the cause of independence revived. garbed men who abruptly materialized none too soon. Pennsylvania militia were Across the broad Atlantic, European from the woods. still tearing up Stony Brook bridge when monarchs regarded the American rebel- Both sides gaped, then raced for an the first redcoats arrived from Trenton lion with increased respect. Said Freder- orchard on a commanding hill (today "in a most infernal sweat—running, ick the Great of Prussia: "The achieve- called Mercer Heights). The Americans puffing and blowing and swearing at ments of Washington and his little band beat the redcoats to the orchard and being so outwitted," as Henry Knox of compatriots between the 25th of De- turned to blast them with three volleys. wrote his wife. Cornwallis, taking no

cember and the 4th of January . . . were The British fired back, and, as the Con- chance of being ambushed, drew up his the most brilliant of any recorded in the tinentals struggled with slow-loading guns and drove off an American battery, annals of military achievements." rifles, surged forward with bayonets. The while his men waded the icy stream. A riflemen panicked at the sight of the lone rearguard American fired a de- The immediate results were manifold. of British steel blades and ran for their lives. There serted cannon and delayed the British The myth and Hessian invinci- was fierce slashing on the slippery slope. another hour. When Cornwallis entered bility was shattered, and Americans felt General Mercer, his horse shot down, Princeton at noon, the last American a new confidence in their generals and refused an enemy demand to "Call for files were already on the road to Kings- amateur army. Enlistments increased. credit quarters, you damn rebel!" and fell vali- ton. Continental was strengthened, and antly fighting with his sword. Lightly guarded New Brunswick, with a rebirth of national pride and hope its large British military stores and spread through the States. Wrote one Minutes later, Washington rode up 70,000 pounds in gold, lay a tempting English traveler: "The minds of the with reinforcements and recklessly 18 miles ahead. But Washington knew people are much altered. A few days ago galloped between the two lines. Smoke they had given up the cause for lost. belched from hundreds of barrels, but Their late successes have turned the scale the big man on the high white horse es- and now they are all liberty mad again. FEBRUARY caped untouched as he rallied his men. Their Recruiting Parties could not get More Continentals arrived, let loose a a man (except he bought him from his slaughterous hail of grapeshot, and ad- master) no longer since than last week, vanced in tight formation. The British and now the men are coming in by com- fought desperately. Outnumbered and panies .... They have recovered their enveloped, they broke, reformed, and at panic and it will not be an easy matter to last fled in wild disorder. The Americans throw them into confusion again." shouted triumphantly and dashed after Philadelphia was saved for another them, Washington crying, "It's a fine nine months. The British withdrew from fox chase, my boys!" New Jersey except for New Brunswick Some of the British fled into Prince- and Perth Amboy, and Washington ton, joined the regiment left there, and pushed his guerrillas up to the Hudson. barricaded themselves in Nassau Hall. From now on, every grain of wheat and Their stand was short-lived. Alexander the risk was too great, with the enemy wagonload of forage the British needed Hamilton's cannon sent one shot carom- hard on his heels and his men numb would be sorely contested. British Man- ing off a wall (nearly killing Maj. James with fatigue, cold, and hunger. They had hattan became an island besieged. Bush- Wilkinson's horse) and a second through been marching and fighting for two whacked, beleaguered, and bored, the the prayer hall, beheading a portrait of straight days. Regretfully, the com- redcoats' morale dropped badly. George II. That was enough for George mander-in-chief turned his column left Ill's troops, who promptly surrendered. toward the New Jersey villages of Som- General Howe's plans for recon- The battle was brief—no more than erset Court House, Pluckemin, and quering America would now be plagued by mounting opposition in Lon- 45 minutes—but it was one of the Rev- Morristown. olution's most violent. Arriving shortly Cornwallis, frantic that Washington don. England's colonial minister, Lord after, Dr. Benjamin Rush found the might yet detour and capture his vital George Germain, saw more clearly into ground covered with frozen pools of base, pressed on all night to New Bruns- an irretrievable future when he ex- blood. The British lost 100 dead on the wick. His treasure chest was intact, but claimed, "All our hopes were blasted by field and 300 wounded or captured; the so was the Continental Army. On Janu- the unhappy affair at Trenton." Ulti- Americans suffered 44 killed and ary 7, 1777, after a two-day rest at mately, the seeds sown along the Dela- wounded, a high percentage of them Pluckemin, where many blanketless men ware would grow to a miraculous har- capable officers. Delaware's beloved Col. lay on the frozen earth to sleep, Wash- vest: French alliance and the decisive John Haslet fell with a bullet in his brain. ington brought his haggard soldiers in- triumph at Yorktown on Chesapeake Capt. Daniel Neil and his New Jersey- to Morristown. There, safely screened Bay. Nearly five years after Trenton, a men died defending their battery. Capt. behind the mountains, he preserved the defeated Cornwallis generously told John Fleming told his 1st Virginians to husk of his army through the winter un- Washington that "fame will gather your

"dress your ranks," then toppled life- til spring brought fresh recruits. Thanks brightest laurels rather from the banks less at their feet. The marines' Capt. to his incredible nine-day campaign, of the Delaware than from those of the William Shippin was gone, and so was there was still a country to defend and Chesapeake."

Philadelphia's Ens. Anthony Morris. men to fight for it. Cornwallis knew that when Washing- General Mercer died nine agonizing days Washington's astounding victories at ton crossed the Delaware he had not later of seven bayonet wounds. (Today, Trenton and Princeton electrified the so much an immediate enemy to defeat

Trenton's county is named for him.) land and startled the world. Almost over- as a nation to weld together, and it was Washington had no time to bury the night the Revolution flared afresh from for that that his dauntless men starved, dead. In a hurried two hours he assem- dying embers, the smoldering resentment froze, fought and bled with George bled his scattered force, gathered the against the King's troops flamed into Washington in the Christmas season of booty, and marched off eastward. It was active resistance, and Washington was 1776. THE END

44 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1965 HOW INDIA FOUGHT ITS WAR WITH RED CHINA (Continued from page 19) Borrow BY MAIL town. J contact with the outside world when Red fight it, burned a goodly part of the m '44-* 4,000 Chinese heavy mortars slammed through After the director's speech, Maurice Enjoy the things you want their mountain huts. In Tezpur they were Johnson, a photographer for United NOW with a confidential LOAN-by-MAIL — get any completely lost. They sat by the side of Press International, remarked, "If one amount, $100 to {1.000. Pay back in amall monthly installments to fit to your paycheck. No co-makers. Cash 30 Monthly the road making stew in iron pots and more high Indian official tells me not You Get Payments Also, Credit Life Insurance is avail- $ 100 4.78 wondering what to do next. worry, I think I'll start getting the hell able, at nominal cost, which will pay % the balance of your loan in case of death. 300 14.33 No matter where you live, this By the 17th, it was clear that there out of here." rush coupon now. Loan Order Blank mailed FREE 500 23.55 700 32.10 had been no real provisions made for That night I was shooting billiards at In a plain envelope. No obligation. Act! DIAL FINANCE CO., 410 Kilpatrick Bldg. 900 40.23 defending Tezpur or even keeping order the Station Club with an English pho- Dept. 2-092 - Omaha, Nebraska 68102 1,000 44.24 during the retreat. The women stopped tographer when a Sikh officer popped in ToiAL FINANCE CO.. 410 Kilpatrick Bldg. NO AGENT Dept. 2-092 - Omaha, Nebraska 68102 WILL CALL weren't enough rifles for announced there were seats avail- | drilling. There and Please rush FREE Loan Order Blank. the male members of the militia anyway. able on the last plane out, leaving for Name trenches, which that night. reporter The work on the slit Calcutta late Any Address-—— narrow to begin get it would be on his own were too short and too who didn't on City Zone State. with, stopped altogether. No one had thereafter. Four of us decided to stay and Amount you want to borrow $ drawn up any evacuation plan for the see what happened. When I sought to people. Everyone started looking toward retire, an Indian Army working party to $ 5°° AT the Brahmaputra River, a few miles was taking down my tent. A nice major MAKE AN HOUR HOME Let Me Prove It To You FREE! south. said it was Government property. He I'll show you how Plastic Sealing and Laminating at home, spare time, can The Monpas tried to raise some money was sorry but he would have to take it give you as much as $5.00 each hour you by auctioning off their hill ponies. But down whether I decided to stay or not. operate. Table-top machine sets up anywhere. Easy. Fun. Noexperienceneeded. Wefurnish prices were down even for these strong He suggested I sleep in the Station Club. everything. We U even help finance you. No house-to-house selling. Orders come by mail. work horses because anything that I was walking toward the club when he Write for facts FREE. No salesman will call. WARNER ELECTRIC, 1512 Jarvis, L-8-B Chicago 26, ML couldn't be paddled across a river wasn't added brightly, "But be sure to sleep on a getting much of a price in Tezpur. The bench or on the bar, or something ele- schools closed. The local storekeepers, vated. Never sleep on the floor. You who had been running up high profits in might catch yourself a cobra." He RUPTURE agony the last few days by hiking prices on the nodded goodbye and went off cheerily Removed f rapidly diminishing food supplies, were in his jeep carrying our only flashlight. WHEN you slip into a torn between greed and survival. Sur- I stretched the billiard table but out on low-cost, contour-designed vival won. The merchants stopped giving I don't think I closed my eyes again as Brooks Patented Air Cush- credit, shuttered their shops and loaded long as I was in India. ion Appliance! Your "'re-

ducible rupture will be held j: up to get out of town. On the 20th, Tezpur came apart at the in securely yet gently —or ji seams. The merchants, shopkeepers and the trial costs you nothing! This invention From the 18th on, the people of Tez- restaurant owners all started pulling out. has made millions of sufferers happy. You pur and the Assam Valley watched Later that afternoon the police cracked can enjoy heavenly comfort night and day at work and play— or the Appliance costs you their leaders desert them, one by one, and started to run. Many, fearing that nothing. Isn't this worth a no-risk trial by city and head for safety while the was the Chinese would catch them and mis- you? If interested, write for free facts now. gradually yielded to the looters and the take them for soldiers, tore off their BROOKS CO.. 302-B STATE ST., MARSHALL. MICH. mob. insignia. "Everything has been bungled," On the 18th, a woman, and former one said. "We're in the soup now," and member of Parliament, gave a pep talk then trotted down the road to the Brah- SOCKET WRENCH AND TOOL to the people in the village square. "Re- maputra. On the river a pair of Pakistani SET OFFER member the teachings of Ghandi," she ship captains ran a 'round-the-clock told them. "Stay in your homes and die." ferry service, taking more than 40,000 TO LEGIONNAIRES With that advice she left. No one saw people across. her again. Later in the day the Govern- A new commissioner, Rana K. Singh, SEE INSIDE OF ment administrator for Assam issued a came to Tezpur and tried to restore BACK COVER statement that everything was all right order, but the machine had spun too far and for the people to stay calm. He out of whack to control. He ordered the You May Order From This cleared out his office and fled across the police back to their posts, but most of Coupon Or Coupon In Ad Brahmaputra. (After the emergency he them were already on the other side of was brought up on disciplinary charges the river. Of a police force of 240, three for leaving his post.) stayed put. The telegraph office had shut MONEY BACK GUARANTEE! The next evening the Civil Defense down long before and Singh tried to keep administrator came to the Station Club, some contact with the outside world by NIRESK DISCOUNT SALES, Chicago, III., 60606 Dept. BR-4 an old tea planters' clubhouse and saloon personally going to the telephone office ORDER TODAY! We're so sure that you will be pleased where the reporters were staying, and and pleading with the workers to stay on that we make this daring offer. If you're not 100% gave us a talk. the job. He promised them a month's pay pleased we'll refund your full purchase price promptly. Please rush 106 pc. Socket Wrench and "Everything possible has been done to for a day's work. They accepted but de- Tool Set. avoid panic," he said. "Please do not be manded their money on the spot. As concerned. There is absolutely nothing soon as they got their bonuses they NAME to fear." bolted and headed for the river. He finished his speech, got into his At the local bank, tellers bundled up ADDRESS jeep and headed for the river. When the millions of rupee notes to be shipped Civil Defense director left he took the south. But when a rumor whipped CITY ZONE .... STATE fire department with him. Next day a fire through town that Chinese patrols were I enclose $12.95. broke out and, with no equipment to (Continued on next page) Ship C.O.D. plus postage.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1965 45 —

HOW INDIA FOUGHT ITS WAR WITH RED CHINA Build Your Own Business (Continued from page 45)

on the way, they set the torch to some wrenched from a dazed and unprepared While Still Employed four million rupees (about $800,000) India. In the North-East Frontier and left. Agency, much of the territory the In- It's true. Without giving up your regular job—with- out losing a single pay check—you now have an At the state prison and mental asylum dian Government used to claim as its opportunity to double your income in your own there was the special problem of what own is now diplomatically called a "no- business. A big 24-page book tells how other men do it — then expand to a full time operation. Gross to do with the inmates. Out of 400 pris- man's land" pending further negotia- hourly profit $9.00—PLUS $6.00 additional on each oners, 234 who were either awaiting trial tions. But so far the Chinese have refused service man. Income unlimited. Your service is Nationally Advertised, world-wide or serving time for minor crimes were to negotiate. In the Ladakh area the and endorsed by McCall's and Parents' Magazines. released. When the rest of the prisoners Chinese are simply holding something on Carpet and upholstery cleaning. Also 5 other superior on location services. You need no experience. We show learned that, they staged a mass breakout the order of 1 ,000 square miles of Indian you how and finance you for all but a few hundred of their own. Prisoners overpowered the territory protecting their hold on the dollars. Easy to learn—easy to do—easy to build up to a good, steady volume because we show you 15 guards and stormed out of the gates, Sinkiang Road and have no intention of tested ways to get customers. jumped through windows or tunneled giving that up, negotiations or no. G. F. Monroe, after 12 months, sold his business their way to freedom. Some fashioned for 10 times his cost. Leo Lubel sold his for $7,116 more than he paid. L. Babbit writes, "I average staffs out of scrap lumber and pole Indian military establishment $2,600 monthly, part time." W. C. Smith earned The vaulted over the walls. Many of the has been slowly rebuilding since the $650 in one week. Ed Kramsky said, "In two years I have two assistants, a home and security." guards, fearful with their former charges 1962 fiasco. Defense Minister Y. B. Cha- This may be the opportunity of your life. Find loose on the streets, decided to take their van has just negotiated a 250-million-dol- out today before someone else gets your location. Mail coupon now for details and 24-page illustrated chances with the Chinese and locked lar loan from the Russians to begin con- free book. No obligation. No salesman will call. Mail themselves inside. By nighttime, the struction of three factories to turn out coupon now while territories are open. guards were the only ones left in the jail. all-weather MIG-21 fighters. With Amer- DURACLEAN COMPANY ican aid and a doubled national defense 5-192 Duraclean Bldg., Deerfield, 111. 60015 The mental institution was opened and budget the Indian Army is increasing ! , all but the "serious cases" were let out. DURACLEAN COMPANY, from a 500,000-man to a proposed 825,- I5-192 Duraclean Building, Deerfield, Illinois 60015 1 was told that guards left a ten-day sup- strength. intelligence sec- ! Please send me your 24-page illustrated book that tells ply of food for the men in the violent 000-man The

! how I can double my income in spare time, in a business • tions of the Army, which failed so badly of my own. Everything you send me now is free and I ward, locked it tight and left. The mental I am under no obligation. No salesmen will call. in the days just before the attack, I patients who were released, dressed in Chinese colorful green jackets with piping have taken on a raft of new officers, but I NAME white I that was the uniform of the institution, no one can be sure if they are really any I ADDRESS- better or not. The Government is current- I joined the evacuation parade south. I of these ly embarked on a road-building program I CITY Many unfortunates were mugged I by escaped prisoners and others for their in the support areas of the north to help —ZIP CODE_ ! STATE_ jackets, in the hope that by wearing the prevent another supply mess such as de- jackets they would be left alone by the veloped in 1962. But this is a long-term VwT MUSIC TEACHER Chinese. project and cannot be completed until at least 1970. While the morale of the Send for Free Book Telling How All day Mr. Singh tried to keep a sem- You Can Learn ANY Instrument blance military remains high—almost eager it's easy to learn of order in Tezpur. He repeatedly NOW i ) music at home. No tire- for another crack at the Chinese, their showed himself publicly it some exercises. Play tunes and made right away. Pictured lessons clear that he was not running anywhere. civilian leadership remains lethargic. show how. Low-cost easy- pay plan. Write to U.S. SCHOOL OF MUSIC, Studio He fired off a string of orders to mem- Beyond embracing the amorphous idea A462, Washington, L. I., N. Y. Ext 1S9S. Lie. Port that India's borders must somehow be N. Y. State Edue. Dept. No salesman will call. Tear out. bers of the local staff, but with most of protected, there still does not appear to them already across the Brahmaputra it LEARN was a useless charade. When Singh took exist any overall strategic plan on how to do it. MEAT CUTTING a brief nap on the night of November 21, the only communications link he left India collapsed in front of the Chinese Train quickly in 8 short weeks at had Toledo for a bright future with security attack two years ago like someone at a in the vital meat business. Big pay, was a field telephone to Army HQ in full-time jobs—HAVE A PROFITABLE MARKET OF YOUR OWN! Pay after Tezpur. After midnight the Army de- bar who was sucker-punched from be- fi\ graduation. Diploma given. Job help, Thousands of successful graduates. i Our hind and never really got a good look at 42nd year! Send now for big, new cided to pull out to Guhati, 100 miles Illustrated FREE catalog. No obligation. G. I. Approved. away, southwest of Tezpur. The Army the guy who hit him. If nothing else, to- slashed the field wires and no one in- day India is looking in the right direc- formed Mr. Singh that the Army was tion. And, after the long years of Men- leaving. When he called in to be brought on's accommodation policies, this has up to date he found his phone was dead. been an extremely difficult change for In- Shortly before 4 a.m. on November dia to make. "We know who our enemy is now," an official at the Indian Em- 2 1 , Rana Singh, holding a field telephone to bassy told me recently. "If there is a next 50 80 connected to nowhere, was the only offi- cial representative of the Indian Govern- time, we will be ready." Let us tell you how you can still Whether India, ready or not, will be apply for a $2,000 life insurance policy ment left in the Assam Valley. He called able to do anything really effective about (issued up to age 80). Once your ap- his small, pick-up staff together and told it is another question that plication is approved, you may carry them it was all over. Each man was re- not many the policy the rest of your life. leased from duty and told to shift for Western observers like to think about very much. the end No one will call on you. And there himself. The rout was complete. is no obligation. Ironic-ally, the Chinese had already CHANGE OF ADDRESS halted and offered a cease fire, but com- Tear out this ad and mail it today Notify Circulation Dept., P. O. Box 1954, munications in Tezpur were so fouled Indianapolis, with your name, address and year of up Ind. 46206, using Post Office Form 3578. Attach old address label and give old and that no one knew about it. birth to Old American Insurance Co., new addresses and current membership card 4900 Oak, Dept. T257M, Kansas City, Today, the Chinese still hold many of number. Also be sure to notify your Post Adjutant. Mo. 64141. the strategic positions they so easily

46 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1965 —

I Have a Million Dollar Idea for Making Money The Details are Yours for the Cost of a Stamp

It's Legal in Every State but one. money in the field of IDEAS. They use their immediately obvious to every businessman. brains and their imaginations to introduce No wonder you can install this system with- — Costs practically Nothing to better ways of doing almost anything—new out asking a cent of payment and merely say, Try— and it Guarantees your ways of performing old operations at a frac- "Pay me out of the money you take in—after customer a Pay-Off of Ten to One. tion of the cost. No machine or automated you get it." Perhaps you see now why you can device can put these people out of business promise a ten to one return and why I can because there has never been a machine made afford to back you up on this guarantee. Ten that could think. They live in a world of their to one is conservative. The actual figure is own—a world of their own building—a world more apt to run fifty or a hundred to one, but where physical effort is almost nil and the pay ten to one I guarantee to your customers. off is high—they live in the wonderful world of ideas. HOW MUCH CAN YOU MAKE? 10 TO ONE FOR YOUR CUSTOMERS I can almost answer that question by saying, "How much do you want to make?" Some of The system I am willing to turn over to you the men I have given my idea to have in- is based on what others have called "A stalled the system in over a thousand places Million Dollar Idea." But it's an idea that can each—and have made up to $60 on each be used by any business . . . large or small . . . installation. Of course, these men are excep- any place in the country. You don't have to tional and put in a lot of time on the idea. The think up this idea for yourself— I give it to one positive promise I can make is that your you. And the basis of this idea is "Ten for own system installations will pay you a mini- One" ten dollars returned for every dollar — mum of three for one. Ten for one to your invested and this $10 for $1 is guaranteed. customers plus three for one for you. There is no qualification to this guarantee. — I spent There is no risk you have to assume in giving can show you letters from men who it. If the business or individual you are work- only a few hours and made more money than ing with fails to get a ten to one return I take most men do in a week. Here's one from a in less over for you. /, Evan Foreman, will see that he man who installed five systems than total profit to himself of $55. does get a ten to one return even if I have to pay four hours for a the difference out of my own pocket. —here's another from a man who says my system is like receiving a pension of $300 a NO HOUSE-TO-HOUSE CANVASSING month.—another writes that he has made as high as $70 in a day—another made four calls, I can see you saying right now, "This must be made four installations for a total of $176 Evan H. Foreman some kind of selling." Judge for yourself! You still another writes that he has averaged $250 install a simple system in a business office at to $300 a week for the past three years and no cost —you don't ask for a penny. You say, adds, "Don't know where I could make that Let me tell you first that I'm not referring to "I'll see you in two weeks and you can pay kind of money and work only three days a a fly by night gim-crack, gadget, or Knick- me out of the money that rolls in." Is this week." I could go on and on. But it all adds Knack that is here today and gone tomorrow. selling? If it is, it's a type of selling I've never up to just one fact: I have an idea for making My idea is making money right, now. How seen or heard about. But that's what you find money. I'm willing to pass the idea on to you else can you explain letters like this: when you deal with ideas rather than tangibles. if you are sufficiently interested to risk a 5c stamp. "For the first 30 days I worked SOME OF THE SAVINGS YOU CAN SHOW I earned $1,343." NO MONEY NEED BE RISKED "Last year my average built up Remember, I said this idea of mine is not new. It has been used and proven in various places to $200 a week but my earnings I'm not asking you to send me any money. in the country already. If a person is skeptical can investigate measure the possi- January reached $1,000 net." You and here are some of the examples you can show: bilities of this opportunity without risking a Yes, here and there over the country are a A letter from a sales organization show- dollar. But don't waste any time in getting number of men to whom I have given my ing that they did work in their own your name to me. The system I have for you idea and these are samples of what they have office for $11 which formerly could is something that can be used by almost every reported. It's a big country and there is plenty have cost them over $200. business, large or small in every part of the of room for more with the desire to I told you there are few over men make A building supply firm paid $70 where- country. a men money. I don't care where you live because the country already using my system. If you as the bill under the old system could the idea I'll explain to you will work anywhere are interested in joining and making the have been $1,600. them —in cities, in hamlets, in towns . . . anywhere. same kind of income they are enjoying right An automobile dealer paid $15 whereas now, I'll see that you have the chance. I the expense could have been over HOW MANY WAYS TO MAKE MONEY? won't let you intrude on any territory they $1,000. are working in right now, but I'll give you the To most people there is only one. They get a A department store has expense of same opportunity to have a wide open terri- job and then push a pencil, turn a nut, tote $88.60 whereas the probable cost of tory of your own. But understand I'm making a barge or lift a bale until Friday night when doing the work outside might have this offer openly in this publication, and it's a they're paid their wages. Some people get into been well over $2,000. case of "first come first served." house-to-house selling and many of these are These are only a few examples. The cases you I haven't told you what this amazing slightly but better off. They ring doorbells will have at your fingertips will include almost money making idea is and I don't intend to day after day and put up with discourage- every kind of business in almost every portion expose it here. But, if you are interested, fill ment and disappointing profits. of the country. The money saving possibilities out the handy coupon, send it to me, and I'll Then there is another group—the wise ones. of this amazing money making idea are fan- send you the details by return mail—abso- These are the men and women who make tastic. The evidence is overwhelming, and lutely free and without obligation. I have no "salesman" so no one will call on you. If you are the kind of man I am looking for you'll invest in a 5c stamp to send me your name | MAIL THIS COUPON For Name_ and address. Do it today— I'll be looking I Exclusive Territory Proposition forward to hearing from you. EVAN H. FOREMAN, Mgr., Dept. | 6542B Address_ j 23 West 47 St., New York, N. Y. 10036 Without obligation to me, send me full infor- I City_ _Zone_ mation on your money making idea which I guarantees 10 to 1 for my customers, plus 3 to 1 for me. State- j 23 West 47 St., Dept. 6542B -I New York, N.Y. 10036 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1965 47 "

FISHING GOOFIEST SHIP IN THE JAP NAVY (Continued from page 24)

TENNESSEE midget shot forward at a speed of 24 Evaluating their plight through the knots. periscope, he found that they were ap- The crew of the destroyer Ward was parently hung up on a reef north of an already at battle stations. There had been entrance buoy at the right of the chan- earlier indications of unidentified under- nel. Watching the destroyers wheel water craft operating in the area, and around the harbor mouth in search, he

depth charges had already been dropped wondered gloomily how long it would be on two targets. Now the Ward's sonar before their exposed nose would be pinpointed a new sub approaching. Lt. spotted. William W. Outerbridge, commander of He worked frantically at the controls, the Ward, sent the destroyer skidding on using maximum backward power. The her stern in a boilng sea, and five cans sub pulled and rocked, but the reef held flew into the air. fast. White smoke and acrid fumes began The midget quivered violently under to foul the air as compressed air and the depth charges, like roller skates on gases leaked from the batteries. cobblestones. Kazuo flew off the peri- scope platform, and an area of conning tower slammed him between the ears. When his eyes focused and his head o

stopped ringing, he found Inagaki still racing the ship in first gear. Thrilled, Kazuo congratulated him on getting through the blockade into the harbor. NO CLOSED SEASON Inagaki explained thinly that they weren't exactly in the harbor. In fact, ^TENNESSEE DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION they were escaping. DIVISION OF TOURIST INFORMATION I Outraged, Kazuo ordered the sub 713 CORDELL HULL BUILDING NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE 3721? | turned about. They made another at- Please send FREE Fishing Guide | tempt to break through the gauntlet, un- NAME j derwater, but once again depth charges ADDRESS . sent them scurrying out of range. At a CITY j safe distance Kazuo elevated to periscope STATE. ZIP . level and bitterly watched the spinning destroyers probe for him. I WANT EVERY READER Suddenly he saw black smoke mush- jjj^- off this Paper to have my big red rooming up from the harbor. Tongues of (S3 EARLIANA TOMATO flame exploded into naval bonfires. Vice "KING OF THE EARLIES" Adm. Chuichi Nagumo"s planes of the W Big solid, scarlet fruit, disease Pearl Harbor Striking Force had reached resistant, heavy yielder. Ideal for table or canning. Send 125 SEED their target. Kazuo was overjoyed, but at "Martha—won't you ever let me 5c for mailing 125 seed pppp the despairing. forget that cherry tree episode?" and copy of Seed and Nursery Catalog. * If £ £ same time He was misera- CONDON BROS. SEEDSMEN Now Combined With bly late for his role in the operation. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE R. H. SHUMWAY, SEEDSMAN, Dept. Rockford, III. 308, As he no longer needed to protect the element of surprise, Sakamaki decided to There was a sharp explosion off their FEMALE HELP WANTED Uni 5-73 risk racing through between the destroy- starboard bow. A third destroyer, the $23 WEEKLY for wearing lovely FLI ers with awash. for- the dresses supplied to you by us as tari decks They sped USS Helm, had sighted them from CON extra rewards. Just show Fashion shoj ward once more, riding low in the water. harbor, and was boiling toward them at Frocks to friends in spare time. No Con The destroyers came churning toward top speed, hurling four-inch shells from investment, canvassing, experience necessary. Write to Fashion Frocks, them, white foam spewing. Deadly gey- the bow gun. Dept. T-10061, Cincinnati 2, Ohio. sers erupted all around them, shaking the Wheezing in the foul air, eyes blinded

sub fiercely and almost turning it over. by tears, Kazuo made a fourth attempt Shrinks Hemorrhoids to back off the reef. This time the sub "rjlAKE her down!" Kazuo shouted scraped free. They submerged quickly New Way Without Surgery J_ bitterly. and wheeled off. escaping in a thunder Veering 20 degrees off course, he of depth charges. Bone-weary, racked Stops Itch -Relieves Pain counted to ten, turned 40 degrees in a with coughing, they rested for some time compensating direction, counted ten at a depth of 30 feet. For the first time science has found a new healing substance with the astonishing again, then straightened course. By his Kazuo crawled forward to examine ability to shrink hemorrhoids and to relieve calculations, he slipped around the the torpedoes. His heart sank. One was pain — without surgery. had In case after case, while gently relieving destroyers and was now thrusting at last so badly damaged it could no longer be pain, actual reduction (shrinkage) took place. into the harbor. He held his breath hope- fired. Surfacing cautiously, he rode the Most amazing of all — results were so thorough that sufferers made astonishing fully. vents once more toward the harbor in statements like "Piles have ceased to be a There was a grinding sound as though first gear. The second destroyer on pa- problem! The secret is a new healing substance a shark were attempting to crunch trol, the USS Monaghan, slipped around

) — ( Bio-Dyne® discovery of a world-famous through the hull. The sub scraped heav- in a tight circle and came racing toward research institute. ily position, at top speed. held his This substance is now available in sup- to a halt in a climbing nose them Kazuo pository or ointment form under the name above the waves. The motor whined in course. Preparation H®. Ask for it at all drug counters. futile protest. Kazuo sighed heavily. Shells splashed off his port bow. Then 48 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE FEBRUARY 1965 the depth charges started coming. He Kazuo barked an order for a starboard barrelled through the barrage until an ex- turn. When Inagaki turned the wheel plosion almost lifted the little craft out obediently, the sub glided to port. They of the water. Charges ahead of them sent went straight ahead, then suddenly began MONEY a thick white curtain of water skyward. spinning to starboard.

Kazuo submerged again to inspect Inagaki fought the wheel. He kept it damage. It was slight, so he took a full spinning back and forth as the ship's BY MAIL turn and made another run at top speed. course became an erratic series of wild, stranded unpredictable gyrations. The sub's ma- Forty seconds later — FAST, CONFIDENTIAL SERVICE UNDER aground another coral reef—he had an neuverability was gone. They scooted GOVERNMENT REGULATION CASH 30 If you're between 25 and 65, steadily employed, you YOU MONTH LV excellent view of the harbor, this time at capriciously north, east, south and west RECEIVE PAYMENTS* can borrow to up $600 on your signature alone. We 1200 $ 9.88 (300 14.82 like a clung notify no one. are Government the left of the harbor entrance. The air demented water bug. Kazuo We regulated, operat- 1400 19.76 1500 24.66 ing under the State Division of Finance, Department raid was in full progress and great clouds wanly to the periscope, dizzied by the teoo 29.18 of Business Administration. Fill in the coupon below; of smoke billowed skyward. sweeping scene. The hull reeked with the we'll send application papers by return mail. •The above payments include Creditor Life Insurance He frantically applied maximum back- smell of bitter acid. The air pressure MURD0CK ACCEPTANCE CORPORATION ward power, but the little sub refused to was over 40 pounds. Kazuo choked for P.O.BOX 659 / POPLAR BLUFF, MISSOURI budge. He ordered Inagaki to move the breath and his eyes burned. | I Name lead ballast from front to rear, to tip Address I them over backwards. The stout petty he later wrote of this experi- When City_ _Slate_ | officer had to crawl forward in shallow ence, the events of the afternoon RENDERING FAITHFUL SERVICE FOR A QUARTER CENTURY water caused by overflowing batteries, were erased from Sakamaki's memory. now short circuiting within the hull. He He said that the whole afternoon was yelled out in protest as he was jolted by a spent groping for the harbor in broad Beautify Banquets! series of electric shocks. daylight, trying, trying blindly and he When Inagaki crawled back to the couldn't remember the details. He had forgotten probably because it was more control room with the first load of bal- — disaster than his mind could bear to re- last, Kazuo took it from him and began Deluxe "Banquet Time" Gingham Paper Table to work his way toward the stern. Elec- call—that the sub's maneuverability was Covers look like, feel like linen ... at paper prices. Spills wipe dry. Boxed 40" x 150' rolls in Red or into his gone—but it is in the U.S. Navy records tric shocks also crackled body, Blue Gingham pattern, or Snow White (300 ). popping his eyes, but he kept his jaw that it had become too disabled to run for FKie SAMPLES write STRAUBEL PAPER COMPANY tightly clamped. true. 615-L Willow St. • Green Bay, Wisconsin Thus the entire day passed. Now the Just as the Monaghan's guns began whole world knew that Japan and the to get their range, the sub tilted up- United States were at war. Each nation wards, weighted by the added lead in the back home hummed with activity pref- MARTINS FLAGS midget's tail. They slid backwards and acing three and a half years of global DISPLAYS FOR ORGANIZATIONS- off the reef. Before warfare to come. Pearl Harbor was a downwards Kazuo TOWNS-SCHOOLS-FAIRS could climb to the controls, they hit the shambles. The Japanese planes had long Prompt shipment. Ask for our colorful WHOLESALE Catalog No. 65A ocean floor tail first. Inagaki came flying since returned to their carriers, which MARTIN'S FLAG CO, FORT DODGE. IOWA through the hull, colliding with his su- were streaking homeward across the perior officer in the shock-filled battery North Pacific amidst toasts and cheers. overflow. But while momentous events shook the world, Sakamaki Inagaki night- The bow of the sub settled. When they and by ^ '' HELP WANTED-SPARE TIME horizontal more, fall had lost a mile and a half. It galled were once Kazuo made SENSATIONAL NEW LONGER-BURNING the dismaying discovery that the tor- Kazuo to reflect, as he later told a U.S. LIGHT BULB. Amazing Free Replacement Guarantee— never again buy light bulbs. No pedo-discharging mechanism of the only Naval Intelligence officer bitterly, that competition. Multi-million dollar market yours alone. Make small fortune even spare operative torpedo wouldn't fire. if they had held an eastern course along time. Incredibly quick sales. Free sales kit. MERLITE (Bulb Div.), 114 E. 32nd, Dept. He still refused to retreat. If they Ewa Beach only ten seconds longer they C-IF, New York 16, N.Y. have the first reef, couldn't launch their one good torpedo, would cleared entered In Canada: Mopa Co.,Ud..3T1 DowdSI.,Monlreal1,P.Q. then they would do the next best thing the harbor and sped straight for the an- and slam it home as a human bomb chored Pennsylvania. against the battleship USS Pennsylvania. "With this difference of ten seconds," "I had set out for Pearl Harbor with he said, "our fate was decided and one the purpose of sinking a battleship," he of your country's warships was saved." ASTHMA No-risk Free Trial Offer.' later explained to a U.S. Navy Intelli- At night, gasping for air, the two un- — If you suffer asthma attacks, choke and wheeze, can't gence officer. "Although we were able happy and exhausted Japanese subma- sleep because of the struggle to breathe, try FRONTIER ASTHMA MEDICINE! Blessed relief from the dreaded to reach the mouth of the harbor by riners surfaced. The fresh air quickly put symptoms of bronchial asthma. Over 1,000,000 bottles sold! FREE TRIAL size by return mail. Send your name and creeping underneath your bombs falling them to sleep. Carried due east by the address now to: FRONTIER ASTHMA CO., 350-B Frontier like rain, our accident was fatal to the ocean tide, they floated all night in the Bldg., 462 Niagara Street, Buffalo, New York 14201. submarine. So we determined to proceed moonlight with the hatch open. The sea without hesitation on the surface of the was calm, although an occasional wave FREE CATALOG jk water, dash into the harbor and climb wet Kazuo's arms and face as he hung Adirondack the [Pennsylvania's\ gangway ladder. We over the tower. hoped to leap onto the deck and die si- At dawn they found themselves drift- CHAIRS * TABLE multaneously with blowing up the enemy ing around the eastern end of Oahu, • BLACKBOARDS just as in warship, olden times, during heading northwest, the shore 700 feet • SCHOOL FURNITURE the Mongol invasion, our Tsuyu Kawano away. Kazuo decided to beach their craft • OFFICE FURNITURE lowered the mast and boarded the enemy and try to repair the steering apparatus. ADIRONDACK CHAIR CO ship with it." first Inagaki set gear. Kazuo kept the 276 0 Park Ave. So., N.Y, N.Y. 10010 They raised the sub off the bottom and (Continued on page 51) DALLAS • BOSTON • IOS ANGELES • CHICAGO • PITTSBURGH THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1965 49 .

YOU TOO CAN MAKE 1,000 EVERY MONTH! HOW THIS COUPON LED TO $ 6,345 BUSINESS IN LESS THAN 2 MONTHS! ALFRED W. WALTER, Florida Read this Secret of Selling, Then CASH IN FOR YOURSELF NASCAR Champiori Alfred W. Walter mailed this coupon. In Less than 2 months, he re- LEE PETTY ordered over 500 dozen units of VX-6, made more money in a month Lee Petty, racing champion than many men make in a year. Without any knowledge or experience and winner of Daytona "500 in cars, his FREE palm-sized Electrical Demonstration Unit closed Mile" uses VX-6 in his racing N/1 sales in 30 seconds flat. cars, personal car and even in his farm equipment "I wouldn't In His drive without VX-6, and I'm Proved Own Oldsmobile "I tried VX-6 first in glad to testify to this fact my own Oldsmo- stations, department stores and indus- to bile. Results were the motorists of America." so amazing that I trial users. ordered a trial shipment of 3 dozen units. "My palm-sized Electronic Demonstra- started selling friends, then found that tor does my selling for me. The most- LABORATORY TESTED it was just as easy to sell volume users fantastic, convincing selling device I M such as farmers, taxis, used car dealers, have ever seen — easily worth $20,000 local governments, boat owners, service a year to me in sales and profits." BBS 64 Million Reasons Why You Should Answer This Ad There are over 67 million cars on Your story is as simple as that, the road. Over 3 million already and these facts are something V use VX-6, leaving you a fantastic that can't be resisted by any mo- MORE THAN 3,000,000 ALREADY SOLD M and responsive market. One ap- torist with a battery in his car plication at only $2.98 is all that brain toi and a in his head. is needed for the life of the car. Some of the leading industrial firms FREE! Railroads/ trucking companies, commercial Scientific NEW Electronic DEMONSTRATOR! accounts and governmental agencies Engineered exclusively by National Dynamics, AND OVER 3 MILLION PRIVATE DRIVERS! this mighty midget sales-maker nestles in the M palm of your hand . . . works a small miracle be- FREE SALES KIT fore the prospect's eyes! Put the prongs in any glass of water . . . nothing will happen! Then add VX-6 (instantly creating electronic conductivity through the water.) THE BULB LIGHTS UP.

M IN JUST 30 SECONDS you have presented PROOF POSITIVE that VX-6 WORKS ... yet it WILL NOT HARM battery! You get this palm-size wonder- V worker FREE with your first order! When The Bulb Lights, The Sale Is Made! M SEEING IS BELIEVING "Yes, one actual demonstration Run the battery down completely heats a mouth-ful of words." You until it is so weak the lights can PROVE how VX-6 works, barely glow. Now turn off the NO EXPERIENCE NEEDED right before your very eyes, if light switch. Wait 3 minutes. Every car or any kind, any year, model or con* your battery won't even hold .a Switch on the ignition and turn dition needs VX-6 protection. One application is all that is needed for the life of the car. charge, put one unit of VX-6 into (or step) on. the starter. The bat- and immediately old batteries spring- back to it as directed. THEN TORTURE tery with VX-6 in it will start the life. Even new batteries are kept free of sul- phation so that they start at their peak of TEST the battery like this. Turn car with a surge of power IT performance always. Sell friends, neighbors,, on lights, step on starter, BUT REGAINED IN THOSE FEW delivery trucks, fleet cabs, company cars and local governments, A single call can mean mul- DO NOT TURN ON IGNITION. MINUTES. tiple sales that pay off in hundreds of dollars*

Sales Guaranteed or Money Refunded THEY'RE DOING IT EVERY DAY * Carl Roberts Yes, this is the offer that National Dynamics ' tuc California . . . . f*OS makes you! Send coupon below for the free, 0 Every Month Part Time complete VX-6 Sales Kit, big earnings plan, John Bort 41 KKA nn illustrated literature—everything you need to V get started at once making good money in your In Only One Week area PLUS INFORMATION ON HOW TO GET Vernon Culver M $7079 . 00 YOUR FREE ELECTRONIC DEMONSTRA- J TOR. S 6 Months Carl Roberts Mass.. ..$53,139.28 Calif B. Ray NATIONAL DYNAMICS, Dept. al 2o Virginia ,....$23,894.55 220 East 23rd St., New York 10, New York S. J. Lane New York $15,890.30 In One Year Only Send free information me on how to get Peter Janzen 4 _ . Illinois $2,955.84 started making big money with VX-6 right 6 Mos. Part Time Selling Sold With Our C. « away, plus the NEW 1 965 National Dynamics Strombuck eea c Ohio Sr»M* Sales Kit. MONEY-BACK GUARANTEE 3 Months Part Time NAME NATIONAL DYNAMICS ADDRESS- 220 East 23rd St., Dept. AL-20, New York 10, N. Y. CITY -ZONE- -STATE. IN CANADA: 675 King Street, W, Dept. AL 20, TORONTO, ONTARIO IN EUROPE: Euro Dynamics, Lie!., 5 Bathurst St., Hyde Park, London W. 2, England

50 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1965 . —

GOOFIEST SHIP IN THE JAP NAVY OUTFIT STARTS YOU IN (Continued from page 49) big money SHOE BUSINESS! Run your own profitable 'shoe store' to inexpert navigation and strategy, hatch open, navigating visually to keep my business from home in spare or full an eye out for more reefs, trying to coax I betrayed the expectations of our 100 time. We give you—FREE— com- plete Starting Outfit that makes the craft to shore. Suddenly a large wave million people and became a sad pris- you $217.00 EXTRA each month for just 2 easy orders a day. You disloyal to country." In- swept over them, sending a torrent of oner of war my feature 275 fast-selling dress, water down the hatch and swamping the telligence officer E. T. Lattor of the flag- sport, work shoe styles for men and women. Air-cushion shoes, many other special features! motor. The ship shuddered with a shrill ship Pennsylvania reported, "In accord- Sizes 2'/2 to 16—widths AAAA to EEEE. Draw on 300,000 pair stock. Your own shoes FREE. Discounts to your fam- noise. The propeller churned, stopped. ance with the Samurai code, this prisoner ily. Prizes, bonuses—even a new car—at no cost to you. Smoke puffed up from the batteries. has requested only that he be allowed to Rush postcard for your FREE Starting Outfit today . . . Now! MASON SHOE, Dept. F 838, CHIPPEWA FALLS, WIS. Drifting helplessly, they went aground commit suicide." on their third coral reef. The batteries When the District Intelligence Officer RUPTURED MEN sent up a farewell signal of white smoke. of the 14th U.S. Naval District asked Kazuo Sakamaki sighed. All his years why he had not tried to commit suicide GET $3.50 GIFT of study and tortured training had pre- by attempting to run away, instead of FOR TRYING THIS pared him to die heroically for his coun- permitting Sergeant Akui to take him in, Here's your chance to get a $3.50 Truss without try. Instead, he'd done nothing but float Kazuo said he had not done so "because cost if you have reducible rupture. All you do is try a Doctor's Invention for rupture in the idiotically in a demented bathtub of the possibility which remained of around privacy of your own home on our 30-day trial with a talent for stranding itself on reefs. making his escape and rejoining the Jap- plan. Easy and comfortable to wear. Has no leg straps—no elastic belts—or leather bands. Holds His humiliation was made even more anese Navy. He stated that he had now rupture up and in. You can't lose ... if you are not entirely satisfied with the invention intolerable by the belief that the other been disgraced, and did not want his return it, but be sure to keep the $3.50 night four midgets had reached their targets. name or his ship information sent back and bath Truss for your trouble. It's our gift to you for making the trial. If you are ruptured, to At that moment, however, all four were Japan." write today for trial offer. at the bottom of the Pacific. In his own The interrogation of Kazuo Sakamaki PHYSICIANS APPLIANCE CO., 9203 Koch Bldg. unfortunate really the also led to an interesting revelation about way, Kazuo was 2906 Main Street Kansas City 3, Mo. Japanese naval hero of Pearl Harbor. At Japanese hopes at Pearl Harbor. When GIANT least he was the only midgeteer to have told the results of the attack, he declared, SHA GGY lasted a full day after the air attack. To in disappointment, that it had not been have outmaneuvered the U.S. destroyers as successful as he had been led to be- 3 - 15c Packets, ONLY 10c. 45c Value on the surface with a crippled sub was lieve it would be. "We expressed surprise Red, White & Blue. Gorgeous 5 in. Blooms. ' 2H in. thick, on stately stems. Send 10c for no mean achievement. at this," the G-2 officer reported, "and these lovely asters and as v% mjm mm will include Big Seed, P E E mm Plant Nursery Catalog. K he was asked what they originally ex- & R. H. SHUMWAY Seedsman, Dept. 309, Rockford, Illinois he decided that even if he had pected to accomplish. He replied, in ef- Now " not been able to sink the Pennsyl- fect, 'a knockout blow to your Navy.' vania, he would at least keep the Ameri- Eight weeks later, sailing out of Pearl POEMS WANTED cans from getting their hands on Japan's Harbor instead of into it, on an intern- To Be Set To Music secret weapon. explosives ship for Francisco, Pris- Removing ment bound San Send one or more of your best poems from a rubber bag, he uncoiled the fuse oner No. 1 sighed as he floated past the today for FREE EXAMINATION Any Subject. Immediate Consideration. and lit a match. Then he and Inagaki Pennsylvania. Phonograph Records Made climbed on top of the hatch and leaped CROWN MUSIC CO., 49 W.32 St., Studio 946, New York 1 into the foaming crests crashing around One year later, while a prisoner at the reef. Camp McCoy in Wisconsin, Kazuo Shore was a full mile away. The wa- was stunned at the sight of an exhibit be- Now! Life Insurance ter was colder, the waves bigger and ing taken on tour around the United more turbulent than either Japanese had States as part of a war bond drive. Sitting Birth to Age 80 realized. proudly on a long trailer pulled by truck First They quickly lost sight of each other. was Japan's secret weapon — Kazuo's 30 Days Kazuo never saw Inagaki again, and had midget sub. He recognized every dent. ONLY 25< to presume him drowned. Kazuo uttered a groan of heart-breaking Policy The lone survivor of the Special Naval dimensions as he realized the awful truth. 1000 Per Attack Unit managed to make shore in Like the rest of the equipment aboard CASH FOR YOUR FINAL EXPENSES. YOUR FAMILY a last frantic plunge that left him uncon- the cockeyed invention, the demolition AVOID BEING A BURDEN TO Introductory Offer. Answer these 9 scious on the beach. When he awoke he had also fizzled. The midget had re- questions on a plain piece of paper and saw the ugly black hole of a revolver bar- mained egotistically whole and intact, mail with only 25c for 30 days' protec- rel pointed at his nose. refusing to commit hari-kari for the Em- tion. Regular rate shown on policy. The man pointing it was Sgt. David peror. Worse, it had even turned over Amounts usually Issued without doctor examination. NEW LOW RATES. M. Akui of the U.S. Army, who in- to the Americans revealing documents Ages Amount Ages Amount formed him he was in Waimanalo Bay about the Pearl Harbor attack. 0 to 80 $1000 15 to 60 $2500 near Bellows Field, 50 miles from Pearl And now, adding insult to injury, it 1. Print full name and address. 2. Date of birth? Harbor. The date was December 8, 1 941 was helping the enemy to raise money to 3. Height? 3a. Weight? 4. Occupation, kind of work? Kazuo marched off to a detention sta- clobber the nation which had given it 4a Name and address of employer tion, the very first combat prisoner of birth. 5. Race? (For identification). 6. Beneficiary and relationship to you? the war in the Pacific. In all interroga- The sole survivor of Admiral Yama- 7. To your knowledge have you had heart, lung, diabetes, cancer, or chronic disease? tions by American Intelligence officers, moto's Special Naval Attack Unit turned Are you deformed, lost a hand, foot, eye, he is referred to as "Prisoner No. 1," and his back coldly on the goofiest ship in the or ever rejected for insurance? 8. State condition of health. what they learned from Kazuo to a large Japanese Navy. If he had been capable 9. Amount desired, and sign your name. extent shaped the American concept of of speech at that moment, the one word NO AGENT WILL CALL policy will be mailed you direct Japanese military fanaticism. he would most likely have hissed Actual under from Home Office. You be the judge. "My honor as a soldier has fallen to his breath would have been, "Traitor!" Mail to: S. B. Hunt, Chairman AMERICAN LIFE & ACCIDENT INSURANCE CO. the ground," he told them. entirely "Due the end 344 American Life Bldg., St. Louis 8, Mo. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1965 51 —

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BANKER'S LENDING FUND, INC. MAGIC MOLD Inc., Dept. AL2, 23 W. 47 St., N.Y. 36, N.Y. 52 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1965 ON "NEW SOUND" ELECTRONIC

4 NDflRO lr, ^.iI5L '>ND 'BIG DISCOUNTS li ELECTRONIC MODELS lmporter-to-youi for Students, Teachers Prices and Professionals ^^^am^ase^ . . Many More! RUSH COUPON Easy Terms • Free Color Catalogs • Discount This section is presented as a Low as $7.95 a Month j Prices ^ ^Rush coupon for proof you save ! Accordion Corp. of America, Dept. A-25 service to readers and adver- up to 50% off retail prices of com- 1 S535 W. Belmont, Chicago, III. 60641 parable accordions! BUY DIRECT Send FREE Catalog of Accordions, Am- — Low Importer - to - You prices. tisers. All products are sold Elifters — Selection Guide, Color Chart, World's largest accordion dealer. All •iscount Prices. famous makes. 42 New Electronic with a money-back guarantee. & Standard models, Amplifiers. Pop- ular "Button type" accordions, too! When ordering, please allow a Lifetime PerformancePolicy. Money Back Guarantee. Easy terms. Big Trade -In. Color Catalogs, Selection reasonable amount of time for Guide and Discount Prices — FREE1 I CITY STATE Accordion Corp. of America, Dept. A-25 handling and shipping. ( ) Check here if you have a Trade-in. 5 Day Home Trial 5S35 W. Belmont, Chicago, III. 60641 P jj

r1964 U.S. MINT SET-, with the John F. Kennedy Half Dollar in WeVe got your attractive, sparkling Lucite Display Holder. Makes a valuable and different gift for birth- days, graduation, confirmation, anniversary

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35 Jr* */z?m ourdes , D. R.Triangle Grace Kelly Wedding Miracle What a bargain! Get these MONACO commemora- tives plus 1912 Auto, Football Centenary. Pioneer Air Races, many others from all over. Total — 113 different—only 10c. You also set Midget Encyclopedia Slip-On Magnifiers -$2.98 of Stamp Collecting. At the same time we'll send a fine selection of other stamps on approval for free Having trouble seeing fine print and close work? examination. Buy only those you want, return balance within 10 days. Your satifaction always Slip these magnifiers on your prescription glasses guaranteed. and SEE CLEARER INSTANTLY! Powerful 2Vz diop- Send 10C today. Ask for Lot GU-21 ter lenses. Fits all glasses. Low $2.98 price saves Willoughby WALL MURALS you paint. Bring elegance ZENITH, 81 St., B'klyn, N.Y. 11201 you 25%. State age. If not satisfied, return post- to walls of your home. Easy paint-by- paid in 30 days for full refund. Add 25c postage. numbers method. Modern, provincial, NEL-KING PRODUCTS, Dept. AL-25S oriental designs. A size for every wall. Com- 811 Wyandotte Kansas City 5, Mo. plete kits $12.95 up. "How to" details and free catalog 100 for pstge, hndlg. MURAL ARTS, 6816 W. Romaine St., Dept. ALP-2, Hollywood 38, Calif. over ONE MILLION sold! MADE $1200 ON ONE JOB KEEP CESSPOOL TROUBLE 1 Some make more, some less AWAY M>P We help you start Your Own All-Year Business L Make BIG Money! G. H. Jones -mm- QUALITY made $1200 on one school job with our highly efficient wall washer which cleans walls 6 times faster and better than by m Folding and l/o/i/ve Stacking Chairs I hand. No special skill ... small investment ... oper- • Storage Trucks FOLDING TABLES ate from home. Customers everywhere — homes, offices, schools, churches, hotels, etc. Enjoy inde- • Risers and Stages Churches, schools, clubs, lodges your organization, pendence .. .free from layoffs and bosses. Can start • Room Partitions — too, can order modern part time until full time is justified. SEPTIC TANK TROUBLES? Monroe — Reactivator Folding Tables at Write Today for All the Facts! keeps septic tank and cesspool clean, pre- our direct - from - factory, vents overflow, back-up, odors, saves cost- money-saving prices! Com- FREE BOOK—MAIL COUPON TODAY ly pumping or digging. Just mix dry pow- plete stock of models, der in water, flush. Non-poisonous, non- styles and sizes. Attrac- VON SCHRADER MFG. CO. caustic. 6 months' tive savings supply $3.35; full year's on chairs, 217 "W" PI., Racine, Wisconsin supply $6.00, ppd. Northel, Dept. AL-2, storage trucks, partitions, Box 1103, Minneapolis, Minn., 55440 risers, etc. Send today for Name FREE 40-page catalog! Address. THE MONROE CO. City .Zone State. 69 Church St., Colfax, Iowa THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1965 53 —,

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BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES EDUCATION-INSTRUCTION-SCHOOLS INVESTIGATE ACCIDENTS—EARN to $1,600 Monthly, Know the Law— IT PAYSI Ask for interesting booklet, Part or Full Time. C3r furnished. Expenses paid. No selling. 'The Law-Trained Man", FREEI Tells how to earn profes- No college necessary. We train you at home spare time. You sional LL.B. Degree thru home-study. All books, materials keep present job until ready to switch. We place more men provided. Moderate cost; easy terms. Write Today! Black- in this booming field than any other individual, company or stone School of Law, 307 N. Michigan Ave., Dept. 9-2, school. Pick your own location. Men badly needed now. Full Chicago 1, III. information Write Universal, CA-2, 6801 Hillcrest, Free. cllaj i nuryiL/o nAUiu itLtvlolUN. Learn at home. Dallas 5, Texas. Get catalog free. National Radio Institute, Dept. 259-015, START YOUR OWN BUSINESSI Electrical Appliance Washington 16, D. C. Repairing. Factories are turning out millions of electrical An i LtooUNo—$o a montn. includes Drawing, Painting, appliances daily. Who will repair them? Earn while you learn Advertising Art: Art Kits (worth $25) and materials. Assign- to repair them. C.T.S. teaches you how, if you are mechanic- ments corrected, with overlays, by mail, and returned to you. Pippin. right ally inclined. Endorsed by Mr. Make money Write for free book Art For Pleasure and Profit. No obliga- start. C.T.S. shows you how. Pay as you learn plan. from the tion. Washington School of Art, Studio 231 X, Port Washington, in kitchen, basement or garage. Age $6-$7 an hour your own L. I., N. Y. Accredited, National Home Study Council. Tear is no barrier. Electronic Testing Kit Furnished, tells you how. ad out. Send for Free Book today. Christy Trades School, Inc., OF INTEREST TO Dept. A-584, 3214 W. Lawrence Avenue, Chicago, III. 60625. WOMEN MAKE BIG MONEY invisibly mending damaged garments at YOUR CHURCH OR GROUP can raise $50.00 and more, home. Details Free. Fabricon, 1514 Howard, Chicago 26. easy and fast. Have 10 members each sell only twenty 50£ OPPORTUNITIES packages my lovely luxurious Prayer Grace Table Napkins. MONEY MAKING Keep $50 for your treasury. No money needed. Free Samples. INVESTIGATE Fires, Storm Damage, Accidents for Insur- Anna Wade, Dept. 33BC, Lynchburg, Va. part full ance Companies— Pays up to $1,000 a month, or HOME TYPING—$75 Weekly Possible! Details, $1.00. time. No college necessary. Car furnished; expense paid. Research Enterprises, 29-FBX Samoset Road, Woburn, Mass. We train you at home in spare time. Keep present Job until OF INTEREST ready to switch. Pick your location. Men badly needed now. TO MEN Full information Free. Write Liberty School, Dept. C-951, BEERS, WINES— Formulas, $2.00. (Complete Brew Sup- 1139 W. Park, Libertyville, Illinois. plies). Research Enterprises, 29-NT7 Samoset Road, Woburn, BIG PROFITS for yourself or club fundraising. Sell light Massachusetts. bulbs. Information, Free Sales Plan Guide from El-Tronics, GENTLEMAN'S Surprise Package! Plain wrapper marked Dept. C-25, Warren, Pennsylvania. personal, $1.00— Large, $2.00— Deluxe, $5.00. Exciting, Big Demand! FREE to salesmen who want more money. Send name, age Drawer 266-P, Niceville, Florida.

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54 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1965 of Loan) Payments 5 ,0 YS 45 TErs 1000 $100 $5.59 It's easy to borrow by mail. If $300 $16.77 you are steadily employed, you can borrow up to $1000 on your $500 $27.63 signature only. No endorsers, no AmounthO Monthly time off from work, no personal of Loan I Payments interviews. Handled entirely by mail in strict confidence. Details $800 $36.62 mailed in plain envelope. $1000 $45.10 Your OLD FUR BUDGET FINANCE CO., Dept. BB 105 AM0UNT_ 317 So. 20th St., Omaha 2, Nebr. I NEED COAT into a Name GLAMOROUS Address CAPE or STOLE City. Age -Occupation, for only $22.95

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EASY READING new "Clip On" magnifier makes small print larger. A blessing for people who have trouble reading small print. Clips on your regular eye glasses. Enjoy reading without eye-strain. Light weight. Money back guarantee! Only $4 per pair ppd. Order from PRECISION OPTICAL 212 British CO., Dept. AL-2, Rochell, III. Colony Stamps 25f! A fortunate pur- chase permits us to offer a "Best Buy" of 212 all different British Colonies. Exotic colorful stamps as pictured are included in this especially made collection. Sent for only 25g to serious collectors to introduce our superior approvals. Write today. SAVE TIME & BIG MONEY

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BASICS Biology is a cross-sexin' of life. H. E. Martz TRUCKER'S AD Half Ton Will Travel. Al Sponc

COLORFUL TOPIC These days too many small girls are using lipstick instead of crayons. Dan Bennett SAD BUT TRUE These are the facts of life To which I'm at last resigned: It's harder to get ahead Than it is to get behind, It's harder to win than lose, To get out of than into a mess, And if you should ever succeed, Nothing recedes like success. "This ain't what the government means by 'War on Poverty'!" Richard Armour

BLUEBLOOD IN THE BUFF nudist camp had a masquerade ball. "A MOUTHFUL ..." The A man with varicose veins won. He went An old gentleman was squirming around in the dark on the floor of as a road map. the theater. Growing impatient with the disturbance he was causing the Philip Thomas woman sitting next to him finally asked him what he had lost. "A butterscotch caramel," replied the gentleman with a mumble. RING LEADER "Imagine ... all this fuss over a silly piece of candy," said the woman. Though daytime phoners are bad enough, ." "You betcha . . said the old gentleman. "My teeth are in it!" The one who's a holy terror Lucille J. Goodyear Is the midnight phoner who does his stuff By a system of dial and error! Georgie Starbuck Galbraith RULING FROM THE BENCH A little old lady being examined for jury duty in a small country THE TIE THAT BINDS town was asked if she knew the defense lawyer. Matrimony is the splice of life. "Yes," she snapped, "he's a crook." Parker H. Kendall "And the plaintiff's lawyer?" "Yes—he's a crook too." With that the judge called both lawyers over for a conference. He whispered, "If you ask her if she knows me, I'll fine you for contempt of court." Joseph Salak

LEADING QUESTIONS The man-about-town and his attractive blonde companion were seated at a table in a plush restaurant. Suddenly he glanced cautiously about, then turned to the blonde and whispered. "I've a question for you, honey. Could you care for a man who had swindled his firm out of ten thousand dollars?" The young lady also looked cautiously about the room, then looking him squarely in the eye, said, "And I've a question for you. Have you still got it?" F. G. Kernan

MUM'S THE WORD "Just think of it," said the romantic young man. "A few words mumbled over your head, and you're married." "Yes," agreed the old married man. "And a few words mumbled in your sleep, and you're divorced." K. H. R. Simkin "What do you have in bobsledding boots?"

56 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1965 TOOL p»o~ SOCKET WRENCH'SSET DO AHV JOB • FASTBR • BBTUR • iASIBR! StNSATIOHAl Ofmi ENTIRE PROFESSIONAL WORKSHOP

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