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' ' ., ,�- NONIMPORTATION AND THE SEARCH FOR ECONOMIC INDEPENDENCE IN VIRGINIA, 1765-1775 BRUCE ALLAN RAGSDALE Charlottesville, Virginia B.A., University of Virginia, 1974 M.A., University of Virginia, 1980 A Dissertation Presented to the Graduate Faculty of the University of Virginia in Candidacy for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Corcoran Department of History University of Virginia May 1985 © Copyright by Bruce Allan Ragsdale All Rights Reserved May 1985 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction: 1 Chapter 1: Trade and Economic Development in Virginia, 1730-1775 13 Chapter 2: The Dilemma of the Great Planters 55 Chapter 3: An Imperial Crisis and the Origins of Commercial Resistance in Virginia 84 Chapter 4: The Nonimportation Association of 1769 and 1770 117 Chapter 5: The Slave Trade and Economic Reform 180 Chapter 6: Commercial Development and the Credit Crisis of 1772 218 Chapter 7: The Revival Of Commercial Resistance 275 Chapter 8: The Continental Association in Virginia 340 Bibliography: 397 Key to Abbreviations used in Endnotes WMQ William and Mary Quarterly VMHB Virginia Magazine of History and Biography Hening William Waller Hening, ed., The Statutes at Large; Being� Collection of all the Laws Qf Virginia, from the First Session of the Legislature in the year 1619, 13 vols. Journals of the House of Burgesses of Virginia Rev. Va. Revolutionary Virginia: The Road to Independence, 7 vols. LC Library of Congress PRO Public Record Office, London co Colonial Office UVA Manuscripts Department, Alderman Library, University of Virginia VHS Virginia Historical Society VSL Virginia State Library Introduction Three times in the decade before the Revolution. Vir ginians organized nonimportation associations as a protest against specific legislation from the British Parliament. - 
												
												Prince William Reliquary
April 2008 Vol. 7, No. 2 Prince William Reliquary RELIC, Bull Run Regional Library, Manassas, Virginia REL-I-QUAR-Y: (noun) A receptacle for keeping or displaying relics. THE 1901 MAP OF PRINCE WILLIAM COUNTY, VIRGINIA AND ITS MAKERS: WILLIAM H. BROWN AND WILLIAM N. BROWN By the RELIC Staff The Brown Map of 1901 is very important for Prince William County historical research. It was the first detailed map of the area produced since the Civil War. It shows the home locations and names of people who were living in rural areas of the county and also identifies roads, streams, schools, mills and churches. It has two inset maps of the battlefields of Manassas and the dividing line between Hamilton and Dettingen parishes. There are also tables of property valuations and population. This map, printed in several colors, states it was made by William H. Brown, of Gainesville, Virginia. RELIC owns a monochromatic version of the map, which may be the original master. It is currently being conserved thanks to a donation from the Prince William County Historical Commission. A copy of the published map can be seen at The Library of Congress website.1 RELIC also has a black and white reproduction of the map printed and sold by the County’s Mapping Office. Cadet William N. Brown, VMI, Class of 1893. A question was recently Courtesy of Virginia Military Institute Archives. IN THIS ISSUE presented to RELIC -- who was William H. Brown, the mapmaker? In 1901 Map of Prince William 1900 there were at least three men living in Prince William County named County, Virginia and its “William H. - 
												
												Committees of Self Governance by Penny Waite
Carlyle House July, 2012 D OCENT D ISPATC H Northern Virginia Regional Park Authority Committees of Self Governance By Penny Waite Although the port of Alexandria did not experience formed May 26, 1773 to “consider the British battle during the Revolutionary War, it was a strategic claims as a common cause to all, and to produce a destination for much needed supplies to the colony. unity of action.” Governor Dunmore had John Carlyle’s stature as a successful merchant, dismissed the Assembly with bills undone. experienced commissary, and civic leader allowed Suspecting that Dunmore would suspend the revolutionary leaders, such as George Washington and Assembly again in 1774, the delegates were George Mason, to capitalize on his talents to help elected to meet in convention whether or not the further the Revolution. Though we know Carlyle was legislative session was dismissed by the Governor. not a young man, Edmund Randolph wrote, “The old who had seen service in the Indian War of 1755, roused Surely the prominent members of Alexandria were the young to resist the ministry.” During the abuzz with the uncertainty. A letter dated May 29, Revolutionary period, John Carlyle’s merchant activities 1774 was sent by the Committee of were significantly impacted by the trade embargo Correspondence for the Alexandria Town against England called for by the First Continental Committee and signed by John Carlyle and John Congress in 1774. Though most of the records and Dalton on behalf of eight other members. It states journals of the committees have been lost, we can get that the committee was “formed for the purpose of communicating to each other, in the most speedy manner, their sentiments on the present interesting and Alarming situation of America.” There was, in all probability, a secret element to the work of this committee and the committees formed by the local counties. - 
												
												S4404 Peter Howard
Southern Campaign American Revolution Pension Statements Pension Application of Peter Howard: S4414 Transcribed and annotated by C. Leon Harris The State of Ohio} Logan County Ss.} On this 23rd day of October AD 1832. personally appeared in open Court before the Hon. George B. Holt President and Turner McPherson, Robert Smith & Levi Carwood Associate Judges of the Court of Common Pleas of said County of Logan, Peter Howard aged eighty seven years in March last, who being first duly sworn according to law, doth on his oath make the following declaration, in order to obtain the benefit of the Act of Congress passed June 7th 1832. That he enlisted in the service of the United States for the term of three years as a soldier in the revolutionary war, at Richmond in the State of Virginia, in the month of May or June as well as he recollects, in the year 1777. The names of his Captain & subaltern officers he is now unable to recollect; the company to which he was attached was in the 15th Regiment of the Virginia Line and was commanded by Col Gaskin [sic: Gaskins] and Gen. Woodford or Woolford [sic: William Woodford] commanded the Brigade. Not long after his enlistment they were marched up near Alexandria in Virginia, where many of the soldiers were inoculated for the small pox and were encamped some time for that purpose. Thence we marched to Lancaster in Pennsylvania where we were billeted out for some time on the inhabitants of that place and Little York. Thence we marched to Valley Forge where Head Quarters were established & there remained in quarters thro the winter of 1777 & 1778. - 
												
												University Microfilms International 300 North Zeob Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 USA St
INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the moat advanced technological meant to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality it heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1.The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Misting Paga(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent page);. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacen pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, _ is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image. You will find ^ good image of the page in the adjacent frame. 3. Whan a map, drawing or chart, etc., was part of the material being photographed the photographer followed a definite method in "sectioning" the material. It is customary to begin photoing at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue photoing from left to right in equal sections with a small overlap. If necessary, sectioning |s continued again — beginning balow the first row and continuing on untjil complete. 4. The majority of users indicate that the textual content is of greatest valuir, however, a somewhat higher quality reproduction could be made from "photographs" if essential to the understanding of the dissertation. - 
												
												Richard Arell, His Times, Tavern, and Neighbors by ELEANORE MARIA VAN SWEARINGEN
Richard Arell, His Times, Tavern, and Neighbors By ELEANORE MARIA VAN SWEARINGEN Who was this Richard Arell whose tavern all of the Old Town groups of Alexandria were striving to save in the summer of 1964? Why were so many interested in this little building, in addition to its considerable architectural attraction as a double flounder house and a possible representative of an early building from the days near Alexandria's beginnings. As regards the building itself, there has been architectural controversy, but some architects feel it should be saved for its own sake regardless of any historic interest attached to it. To those familiar with the Diaries of George Washington, the name Arrell's or Arrols is also familiar. Washington mentions dining or supping there some sixteen times between 1771 and 1774. Mr. Fitzpatrick, for unexplained and inexplicable reasons, identifies Arell's as the tavern of David Arell.1 I say inexplicable in the light of Mr. Fitzpatrick's frequent citations of the account books which repeatedly speak of Richard Arel!. Some years ago, in the course of other work, a collection of tavern licences in the Fairfax Court Order and Minute Books developed. I found myself with a series of licences for Richard Arell "to keep an ordinary in Alexandria" running consecutively from 1768 to 1773, yet never a licence for David. Also discovered in this period, bound into the back of Fairfax County Minute Book 1756-1763 part 2, was a deed showing Richard Arell leasing a portion of lot 48 (bounded by Fairfax & King Streets, Market Alley and Market Place) to John Rick of Baltimore, in 1778. - 
												
												S5472 Benjamin Hamrick
Southern Campaign American Revolution Pension Statements Pension application of Benjamin Hamrick s5472 fn33Va. Transcribed by Will Graves State of Virginia, County of Nicholas [now in West Virginia]: On this 7th September in the year of our Lord 1832, personally appeared before the Circuit Superior Court of Pleas & Chancery of the County of Nicholas, same being a Court of Record, Bejamin Hamrick, a resident of the said County of Nicholas and the State of Virginia aged seventy five years who being first duly sworn according to law doth on his oath make the following declaration in order to obtain the benefit of the provision made by the out Act of Congress passed June 7th, 1832. That he enlisted in the army of the United States in the year 1776 with Captain John Chilton (or Shilton) and served in the Third Regiment of the Virginia line under the following named officers. The company was commanded by Capt. Shelton, the Regiment by Col. __ [blank in original] Mercer and the Brigade by General __ [blank in original] Woodford. He left the service (he thinks) in the fall of 1780 and served during the whole time under the same enlistment. At the time he enlisted he resided in Fauquier County, Virginia. The company to which he belonged rendezvoused at the Court House of said County and the regiment at Williamsburg, Virginia, from where they marched to Alexandria and from whence they were ordered to New York island in the State of New York where they joined the regular army. He was present at the battle of Trenton and the taking of nine hundred Hessians as it was said. - 
												
												Battle of White Plains Roster.Xlsx
Partial List of American Officers and Soldiers at the Battle of White Plains, October 28 - November 1, 1776 Name State DOB-DOD Rank Regiment 28-Oct Source Notes Abbot, Abraham MA ?-9/8/1840 Capt. Blake Dept. of Interior Abbott, Seth CT 12/23/1739-? 2nd Lieut. Silliman's Levies (1st Btn) Chatterton Hill Desc. Of George Abbott Capt. Hubble's Co. Abeel, James NY 5/12/1733-4/20/1825 Maj. 1st Independent Btn. (Lasher's) Center Letter from James Abeel to Robert Harper Acker, Sybert NY Capt. 6th Dutchess Co. Militia (Graham's) Chatterton Hill Acton 06 MA Pvt. Eleazer Brooks's Regiment Chatterton Hill Shattuck's 1835 History of LostConcord art, sent with wounded Acton 07 MA Eleazer Brooks's Regiment Chatterton Hill Shattuck's 1835 History of Concord Acton 08 MA Eleazer Brooks's Regiment Chatterton Hill Shattuck's 1835 History of Concord Acton 09 MA Eleazer Brooks's Regiment Chatterton Hill Shattuck's 1835 History of Concord Acton 10 MA Eleazer Brooks's Regiment Chatterton Hill Shattuck's 1835 History of Concord Acton 11 MA Eleazer Brooks's Regiment Chatterton Hill Shattuck's 1835 History of Concord Acton 12 MA Eleazer Brooks's Regiment Chatterton Hill Shattuck's 1835 History of Concord Acton 13 MA Eleazer Brooks's Regiment Chatterton Hill Shattuck's 1835 History of Concord Acton 14 MA Eleazer Brooks's Regiment Chatterton Hill Shattuck's 1835 History of Concord Adams, Abner CT 11/5/1735-8/5/1825 Find a Grave Ranger for Col. Putnam Adams, Abraham CT 12/2/1745-? Silliman's Levies (1st Btn) Chatterton Hill Rev War Rcd of Fairfield CTCapt Read's Co. - 
												
												TRANSCRIPTION the Fairfax Resolves, July 18, 1774
TRANSCRIPTION The Fairfax Resolves, July 18, 1774 At a general Meeting of the Freeholders and Inhabitants of the County of Fairfax on Monday the 18 th day of July 1774, at the Court House, George Washington Esquire Chairman, and Robert Harrison Gent: Clerk of the said Meeting — 1. Resolved that this Colony and Dominion of Virginia can not be considered as a conquered Country; and if it was, that the present Inhabitants are the Descendants not of the Conquered, but of the Conquerors. That the same was not setled at the national Expence of England, but at the private Expence of the Adventurers, our Ancestors, by solemn Compact with, and under the Auspices and Protection of the British Crown; upon which we are in every Respect as dependant as the People of Great Britain, and in the same Manner subject to all his Majesty's just, legal, and constitutional Prerogatives. That our Ancestors, when they left their native Land, and setled in America, brought with them (even if the same had not been confirmed by Charters) the Civil-Constitution and Form of Government of the Country they came from; and were by the Laws of Nature and Nations, entitiled to all it's Privileges, Immunities and Advantages; which have descended to us their Posterity, and ought of Right to be as fully enjoyed, as if we had still continued within the Realm of England. — 2. Resolved that the most important and valuable Part of the British Constitution, upon which it's very Existence depends, is the fundamental Principle of the People's being governed by no Laws, to which they have not given their Consent, by Representatives freely chosen by themselves; who are affected by the Laws they enact equally with their Constituents to whom they are accountable, and whose Burthens they share; in which consists the Safety and Happiness* of the Community: for if this Part of the Constitution was taken away, or materially altered, the Government must degenerate either into an absolute and despotic Monarchy, or a tyrannical Aristocracy, and the Freedom of the People be annihilated.— 3. - 
												
												S21155 John Darwin
Southern Campaign American Revolution Pension Statements Pension Application of John Darwin1 S21155 Transcribed and annotated by Hugh T. Harrington State of South Carolina) York District )::: To wit On the [blank space –no date] October 1834 personally appeared in open court before B. Earle, one of the Judges of the court of Common Pleas now sitting, John Darwin a resident of York District and State of South Carolina aged seventy-nine last March who being duly sworn according to law makes the following declaration in order to obtain the benefit of the Act of Congress passed the 7th June 1832. I entered the service of the United States as a private in the County of Louisa, State of Virginia on the second day of February 1776 under a enlistment for two years in Captain Thomas Johnston's company in the Third Virginia Regiment commanded by Col. Mercer [Hugh Mercer, later killed at Battle of Princeton]. I marched in said Company to Fredericksburgh, where I joined said Regiment. In a short time, I marched with the Regiment to Alexandria, about the time Colonel Mercer was promoted [June 5, 1776] and when Col. Weadon [George Weedon,] took command of the Regiment, and Captain Powel [Levin Powell] the command of the Company in the place of Captain Johnston. I then marched with the regiment by way of Williamsburgh to the mouth of the Potomac River against Governor Dunmore. We then returned for Alexandria and while at a place called the Northern Neck between the Rappahanock and the Potomac we first heard of the Declaration of Independence, which was enthusiastically celebrated by the Regiment. - 
												
												Winter Issue: Richard Ratcliffe: the Founder
"Preserving the Past. Protecting the Future." the Protecting Past. the "Preserving Volume 3, Issue 1 Winter 2005 Richard Ratcliffe: The Founder Historic Fairfax City, Inc. "Fare Fac - Say Do" Executive Officers Hildie D. Carney President Ann F. Adams Vice-Pres. by William Page Johnson, II Hon. John E. Petersen Treasurer One of the most influential and often overlooked Karen M. Stevenson Secretary figures in the early history of Fairfax is Richard Ratcliffe. Norma M. Darcey Director Born in Fairfax County, Virginia about 1751, Richard was Fairfax, VA 22030 VA Fairfax, Patricia A. Fabio Director Kevin M. Frank Director the son of John Ratcliffe and Ann (Smith) Moxley, the widow 10209 Main Street Main 10209 Michael D. Frasier Director of Thomas Moxley. John Ratcliffe, was a contemporary of G. William Jayne Director Hildie Carney, President Carney, Hildie Hon. Wm. Page Johnson, II Director both George Mason and George Washington. In fact, Return Address - Historic Fairfax City, Inc. City, Fairfax Historic - Address Return Andrea J. Loewenwarter Director Washington recorded the Ratcliffe’s in his diary: “Mrs. Bonnie W. McDaniel Director 1 David L. Meyer Director Ratcliffe and her son came to dinner.” Bradley S. Preiss Director Hon. John H. Rust, Jr. Director Betsy K. Rutkowski Director From 1771 until his death in 1825 Richard Ratcliffe served variously Eleanor D.Schmidt Director as the Fairfax County sheriff, coroner, justice, patroller, overseer of the Dolores B. Testerman Director Edward C. Trexler, Jr. Director poor, constable, commissioner of the revenue, jail inspector, superintendent Ellen R. Wigren Director of elections, candidate for the Virginia General Assembly and designer and The Newsletter of Sidney H. - 
												
												Mcminn County Index of Pensioners
Revolutionary War Pensioners of McMinn County Index of Pensioners: Allen, Benjamin Evans, Samuel Lusk, Joseph Riggins, John Allgood, John Forester/Forister, Robert May, John Roberts, Edmund Barnett, William Hale, William May, William Russell, Moses Benson, Spencer Hambright, John McAllister, William Sampley/Sample Jesse Bigham, Andrew Hamilton, James McClung, John Schrimshear, John Billingsley, Walter Hampton, William McCormick, Joseph Smith, Henry Blair, Samuel Hankins, James McCormick, Robert Smithhart, Darby Bradley, William Helton, Peter McMahan, Robert Snow, Ebenezer Brown, Benjamin Hughes, John McNabb, David Stanfield, James Broyles, Daniel Hyden, William McPherson, Barton Steed, Thomas Carruth, John Isom, Elijah Murphy, Edward Thompson, Thomas Carter, Charles, Sr. Johnston, Thomas Norman, William Walling (Walden), John Cochran, Barnabas Kelly, William Norris, John Ware, Rowland/Roland Coffey, Eli Kincanon, George Peters, William Weir, David Crye, William Lane, Isaac Price, Reese Witt, Burgess Cunningham, James Larrimore, Hugh Queener, John Witt, Earis (Eris, Aires,Ares) Curtis, John Lesley, Thomas Rector, Maximillian Young, Samuel Dodd, William Liner, Christopher Reid, David Douglas, Robert Longley, William Benjamin Allen Pension Application of Benjamin Allen R106 Transcribed and annotated by C. Leon Harris State of Tennessee } SS McMinn County } On this 2 day of Dec’m. 1844 personally appeared in open nd Court before the worshipful County Court Mr Benjamin Allen a resident in the County and State aforesaid aged Eighty one years