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Attainment of High Magnetostriction in Vanadium Permendur by Mechanical Thermal Treatmeant Peter Joseph Moroz Jr

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Attainment of High Magnetostriction in Vanadium Permendur by Mechanical Thermal Treatmeant Peter Joseph Moroz Jr Lehigh University Lehigh Preserve Theses and Dissertations 1964 Attainment of high magnetostriction in vanadium permendur by mechanical thermal treatmeant Peter Joseph Moroz Jr. Lehigh University Follow this and additional works at: https://preserve.lehigh.edu/etd Part of the Materials Science and Engineering Commons Recommended Citation Moroz, Peter Joseph Jr., "Attainment of high magnetostriction in vanadium permendur by mechanical thermal treatmeant" (1964). Theses and Dissertations. 3271. https://preserve.lehigh.edu/etd/3271 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Lehigh Preserve. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Lehigh Preserve. For more information, please contact [email protected]. J; · ....... ,o": Attainment of. :Hi······· g_ ·h· .. -.-· .. · ·. ·.:. ·• ..-. Magnetostriction i;q V:artad.lum. Permendur by Mechanic.al Th ..ett~ai. T,t:_eatments ~-. ;by. A .th:e·s.fs \ :rJ:::e-s:.e-n·.t.e:d to :.·tJ1~:. ·Graduate Facult·y: o··f .L.e:I-r:tgh University ·'s .~ ., Mast:et: o.-f Sc:i·en.c;er L~h·f·g11 .Un1versity· . ~ 19:64. .. ,...,,•t;:1:,;.t,..-,.--~·:,,,.,,~.·,.<111,--:',~-,i.,~u,_.,.t~.,.,--rn,;,::··'"· ·• ....... , · • · '"''· \ ~·- ,,.., •. ~,.,,,~..... ,.t, .....,-,,•' ""•-·st· .... JM< •"•••·••••,··u,.•, ·-· '"••·•-~ ·•,.,....... ·· ' . I l ·.~. : \'J ),. ' C.ert:i.f·ic=ate of- Approval- ' ····.·······--. - i .. .. ' .. ··• ·-;-·· -:,.. ....... ,, ... -·,-~·-·--;.-"·"';··-·.. ,~,,"."-~ ... ............. ',--' .. · . _- ~ ·- ~-- j • ·'J.'h:i'.S thesis ts· :~qce.pt.ed and approved in partial· fulf.illµi~nt i . ,, o:f 't::.he r_e_:qu:ir-emertts fat· the de·gree of Mas.ter of Science· .. ""- 1-2 (date) G. P. Conard, II Professor in Charge .. .,. J. Lib Head of Department J::i: ...... '! • \ ' • . ', ),1,., ,. .... , •• ,,.,<oj,_.. 'l,a..~.i,.,.,.h ......... ~ ........_:, ...... ~ ........ ~-;..,,..! ··~~·~-- ...,.., .... ~ .•... .. \., ... ~:" '· Acknowledgements ··:.. The autho..r· ·.:i.s· particularly grateful :t,o Dr. G. P. Co.nard,. II, f . r ' .. ]?.roj:ec.t·. D.frec:to-r\, ·and: to Dr. G. Krauss, Project· Advisor, for their :S,Ugg_est·:io,n:s ·and; .,encouragements. The author is indebt~d to the :Guardian E:i:ec.tric Company who sponso:red ·th~s -proj.ect and research :·a..s":s.fs·tan:t·shi:p·, and to J. B. B~rclay aI1:d tl1¢: Allegheny Ludlum Steel Co.rporat·i.o.n Re·s_earch. Labor.ator:y:.,. ·who-: su-ppl~ed· the materials. t~h~nk$.·at.e dµe to t ... :n· .. Graham for his: a·s-sist·ance during the X-ray :P,haife.s ctf th·-is s-ttid.y. Appreciation· is du·e ·t.o :M. M. Sheska for his hetp· vtith equipment and parts. ·Thanks go· :al.so to· my _parent='s :fo:r th.eir- encouragements. Fina.llyJ t would like: to. expr·ess .my ap:~ prec.iat.j.0~1 to my wif.. ~ ·fot her patience, u,rid·ers·tahding.,- ,an.-c1 h.e:rp. d·uring_ t.he:: _:C.o,urS:-e o:_f th.i:s work. ':2!i.. .. ,- - Table of ·C.ont~n-t:~:: Page Certificate of Approval ·11• • .. i Acknowledgements 11 • .:_·-,------------Abstract . ·1 •• -·:· 2 2. Theoretical aackground 2_~ 1 Origin of Magnetostriction -.. z- - 2~Z Domain Theory ·8 2=.j Cold Worki_n_g lO: ·2.-4 ~gnetic- An.n~-~,l_it(g ·to. 3-.- ,Ptoced_ute 1.6_: 3.1 Spefimen Preparation 16 '3_.l ._l. :S_p·e=cimen Descrip~iot1·: l.6 ---- ::r.1 .• :2 -Proces·s.ing of Cold Rolled Strip 16 _3·_. l,.. 3 -Ann:ealing and Magnetic Annealing 17 ~:_.2: Description of Apparatus 21 • -3.2 .1 Magnetostriction Measuring Equipment· 21. 3.2.2 Calibration:of Strain Indicator 3.2.3 Magnetizing Coil '25. _... ·- . 3.2 .4 Magnetizing Current· ·C.ir·~-u:~:~ ·2··5 "', 3.3 Texture Analysis 3.4 Determination of Order· 3.5 Metallographic Studies -27 ... ,4 __.-. Presentation and Discussion of R·esults· 2':8 , ~- 4.1 General 4.,2_ Cold Rolled Alloys 1V... J I • •• Z4 '"' /'·· ·"·"' Table of Contents {cont'd) page 4.3 Magnetically Annealed Alloys 41 4.4 Annealed Alloys 59 :.5. Conclusions , .·-··--·-- ·... , ~ . --· -·-~ ;:.:.., .... :6. Reconnnendations for Further Study 70 References 71 Vita 74 J:· './ ~- .... -~·- ,-. -•'.,-, ..... ,.... -~ ........................ ..._.. .., ... .....,,~·-··~· ' .. ·- .,_,_ ... , . ··-· . .. -· . .... ... ' -· 1 List of Figures F·.igure Page :• 1 Magnetostriction of Fa-Co Alloys 5 (after Masiyama. (7)). ·.. 2 ·. Magnetostriction of Fe-Co Alloys 5· (after Williams (8)). Interval Coo 1 ing Curves for the Three Anne-a.ls -.:20, Userl in this Study 4 . 2· Temperature Compensating Arm of the Bridge ·...2 •. 5 Calibration Curve for the SR-4 Indicator Magnetizing Current Circuit Magnetostriction in Longitudinal and Transverse Specimens in As Received Vanadium Permendur and Supermendur !> .8 Magne~ostriction in Longitudinal Specimens of Co:i·.d Rolled Supermendur 11.agnet·ostriction in Transverse Specimens of ..·1· ', '.. 3 Cold Rolled Supermendur -.;. ·-·:· .f' .... t.O M~gnetostriction in Longitudinal (L) and Transverse (T) Specimens of 93.2% Cold Rolled Vanadium Permendur (VP) and Supermendur (S) .... 11 ·Magnetostriction in Longitudinal and Transverse Specimens of Cold Rolled Supermendur at Constant Field Strength (110) Pole Figure from 0-70° for As Received Supermendur 13. .(110) Pole Figure from ·o:-:70.:cr to.t 24% Cold_ Rolled Supermendur 0 I4. ( 110) Po 1~ Figure from ·o-70, · ·ft:>:t· :49 •. ·7% Co Id :37 Rolled Supermendur 15 (110) Pole Figure from 0-70° f.or:· ·-~:1 •. ·6%.,,09,ld .. ·38 .. Rolled Supermendur V,l.• ... Figure Page 16 :(ilO} Pole Figure from.. 0-70° for 93.2% Cold 39 Rolled Supermendur 17· ·Pho.tomicrograph of As-Recived Supermendur _ :43 ··----·-·stfowirig Slip Bands or Deformation Twins ·.L8 Ph·otomicrograph of 93. 2% Cold Rolled Supermendur. 4·3 Etching Phenomenon is present in this sample .19. Magnetostriction in Longitudinal Specimens of As Received and Magnetical·ly Annealed, and 93.2% Cold Rolled and Magnetically Annealed Supermendur Magnetostriction in Transverse Specimens of As Received and Magnetically Annealed, and 93.2% Cold Rolled and Magnetically Annealed Supermendur 2:1 Magnetostriction in Longitudinal and Transverse 47 Specimens ~f As Received and Magnetically Artnealed, and 93.2% Cold Rolled and Magnetically Annealed '>--- :2.·.2 . -· Magnetostriction in Longitudinal Specimens of ,48 As Received and Magnetically Annealed, and 93.2% Cold Rolled and Magnetically Annealed Vanadium Permendur :M~gnetostriction in Transverse Specimens of As :Received and Magnetically Annealed, and 93.2% Cold Rolled and Magnetically Annealed Vanadium Permendur ·--o-_·:_. Magnetostriction in Longitudinal and Transverse . 5. : ~; Specimens of As Received and Magnetically Annealed and 93.2% Cold Rolled and Magnetically Annealed .2:5 :Ma:g-netostriction in Longitudinal Specimens of 51 - As Received and Magnetically Annealed and 93.2% Cold Rolled and Magnetically Annealed Supermendur and Vanadium Permendur • • • ·- ·- -- .---..-_ .• £_, __ ·.·; ··-··...,.- - - - Vl.1 0 J r ' ·:,·.·:~ -1 ~-··• ·· t •,·,~:F~~"'""'~-... --·-• ,- -· ,. .. .,. ·· ~ - - ...,.--::;:;;r;.<,'· ------·· --....... ~---~~---''""'.'"'"'''""'"0''""""""'""'""~"'-:""'"'"'.. "-"'~"*""•"'"~"'~:~;,_"""""':"''"''~·?,·~~,-:--·"·w---·-~-·--~·-·----·-··-- - ... -- - :Lts:t: .o:f Figures (cont'd): Figure Page .. 26 Magnetostriction in Longitudinal and Transverse· 52 ,, Specimens of Magnetically Annealed Supermendu~ at Constant Field Strength ,I :27: .. ··---·--c-11-0} Pole Figure from 0-70° for As Received and . ', 5:4 I Magnetically Anne_alea·:=~s-=cipe-rmendur (H fl RD) I 55 ." _ .. (110}. Pole Figure from 0- 70° for As Received-and ,·.: Magnetically Annealed Supermendur (H .l RD) (110) Pole Figure from 0-70° for As Received and Magnetically Annealed Supermenaur (H II RD) ---- .3.:() ( 110) ·Pole Figure from 0-70° for As Received and .. 5.) Magnetically Annealed Supermendur (H .LRD) 3.1 Photomicrograph of As Received and Annealed and Magnetically Annealed Supermendur. Structure typical of both anneals. 0 :3:2 .. '.Photomicrograph of 93 .2% Cold Rolled and Annealed 59 and Magnetically Annealed Supermendur. Structure typical of both anneals . .; Magnetostriction in Longitudinal Specimens of .Cold '6.Q (. Rolled and Annealed Supermendur Magnetostriction in Transverse Specimens 'of· iGqlq. 6t Rolled and Annealed Supermendur ,.3:5: Magnetostriction in Longitudinal an9- t:r..-ansverse 62 Specimens of Cold Rolled and Anneal·ed Supermendur a at Constant Field Strength (110) Pole Figure from .0;..70q ~o.r ,_Pt.$ l~~~ceived and Annealed Supermendur (110) Pole Figure from 0·-70: 0 to-r ·49 •.-7'% Cold Rolled. 6·4. Supermendur ·(110) Pole Figure from 0-7():Q for 93.2% Cold Rolled 6·6 Supermendur 39· Magnetostriction in Longitudinal Specimens of 93.2% Cold Rolled Supermendur for the Four Treatments Used in this Study ••• Vll1 i .&LILE ill 521.§ ii •. List of Tables Page Table I 42 ,. .. , ':i.e. ·.~ ~- :ix. ·• -~· ,,. ... I I ' ... -., Abstract ! I i ·- i Magnetostriction measurements· :hav.e· bee-n ma.d:e on Stip~rtnendur and Vanadium .Permendur alloys at: fi:elds of o.;.·500, .oer·s-ted·s. -, !lie . - --- - ·----·· ··-· 4.: .••• ··-~ - ·----·-------:> ... ,..... -.. --_. -eff.ect of cold rolling and of subs··eqiie·nt magnetic· a.):m.-e.al·-f'.ng ·and -~tr.aight :-arine-·aling ·treatments on the magnetos.trictiq.n: of'·~-the:se· .in ·tna:gnetos,tri.-ctton, increas.ed cold workin:g: incr·eas·ed th¢ -magneto­ _s:tri_ction of Superniendur and Va.nad.:i._UJ:11: Pe.tinendu.r j and .that ·there was .a: significant decrease in t-he· .ni:agnet:o,scr·lc-t.ion :o:f the- .as r:eceived :~ctterial annealed in. --a -m~gnet.Jc. fte·1d:, and: a· definite :Lncr:~as~- i_n. :the magnetostri.c:.·tlon :Qf' the :9~.2%: ~old ·tolled material annealed :-in: .a magnetic field. The :highes-t values: -q,t magnetostriction were obt_a.·in_ed t1r .St~permen(lur 9-J .. 2.% c.o:1c1 :ro.11.~cl ·and annealed without :a ·fiel.d~ +his ·all_oy s:how.eii 83·.6 x ~-0~6 in/.fn at 200 oersteds and: .. --6 109· x· ·10· ·. in/ln at .SOO o·er.st.ed:s·. lt. appears. from th·e re·sults o..f. _t,exture· ·ar.e c·los~1y :re lated. ·.'-! l J. ,, 1. Introduction The. demand for larger payloads of scientific instrumen-t_S' "i-n :th.e - ·rgc-kets used to .exp~ore space has made compactness of el:ectr·~e:4} c.ir-· .c·u.i.tr.y 1.>oth 4e:Birable and ess~ntial.
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