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Modelo De Dissertação Unesp UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL PAULISTA “JÚLIO DE MESQUITA FILHO” Faculdade de Ciências e Letras Campus de Araraquara - SP ISABEL CRISTINA DOS SANTOS O QUE EXU TEM A VER COM A ESCOLA? ARARAQUARA – S.P. 2016 ISABEL CRISTINA DOS SANTOS O QUE EXU TEM A VER COM A ESCOLA? Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Ciências Sociais – do Campus de Araraquara, da Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, linha de pesquisa: Diversidade, Identidades e Direitos, como requisito final para obtenção do título de Mestre em Ciências Sociais. Orientador: Prof. LD. Dagoberto José Fonseca. ARARAQUARA – S.P. 2016 Folha de aprovação ISABEL CRISTINA DOS SANTOS O QUE EXU TEM A VER COM A ESCOLA? Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Ciências Sociais – do Campus de Araraquara, da Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, linha de pesquisa: Diversidade, Identidades e Direitos, como requisito final para obtenção do título de Mestre em Ciências Sociais. Orientador: Prof. LD. Dagoberto José Fonseca. Data da defesa: 03/11/2016 MEMBROS COMPONENTES DA BANCA EXAMINADORA: Presidente e Orientador: Prof. LD. Dagoberto José Fonseca Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” – UNESP/Araraquara Membro Titular: Profª Drª Claudete de Sousa Nogueira Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” – UNESP/Araraquara Membro Titular: Profª Drª Valquíria Pereira Tenório Instituto Federal de São Paulo- IFSP, campus Matão SP Local: Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciências e Letras UNESP – Campus de Araraquara Ao meu irmão, Rogério dos Santos (in memorian). AGRADECIMENTOS As mães-de-santo e os filhos-de-santo, em vários momentos, são colocados em situações constrangedoras e são alvos de desconfiança de muitos. Em contrapartida, tenho enorme contentamento em manifestar as suas colaborações, pois cortesia, atenção, educação, afabilidade, gentileza e delicadeza foram as ações que recebi desde quando me interessei em pesquisar sobre as religiões afro-brasileiras para reunir material e conhecimento para lecionar sobre os assuntos que envolvem a Lei 10.639/03. Por isso, agradeço à Iyalorixá Mãe Glória de Abe, da Tambor de Mina, sempre atenciosa, e aos seus filhos-de-santo pela calorosa recepção e acolhimento. À Mãe Natália de Iansã, Yao de obrigação de 3 anos, que sempre se dispôs a repassar seus conhecimentos, de modo delicado e detalhista, agradeço pelas sugestões e pelo auxílio. Desse modo, sou-lhes muito grata. Os professores que se dispõem em colaborar com o fim da intolerância às religiões afro-brasileiras sofrem com a resistência de algumas pessoas que compõem a comunidade escolar, e que não titubeiam em esconder seu racismo, sua intolerância e preconceito. Agradeço, a todos. E, de modo especial, ao meu esposo, Paulo Edson Lima dos Santos, e a minha amiga Maria José de Souza, que, diretamente envolvidos na realização das entrevistas, fizeram contato com os entrevistados. Duas pessoas de companheirismo inigualável durante a realização da pesquisa etnográfica, e na minha vida, e que me incentivaram a prosseguir com o tema. Agradeço ao crédito e ao investimento da minha família, visto que, se não houvesse essa força sempre presente, este trabalho não seria possível. Minha mãe, Margarida dos Santos, e meu pai, José Raildo dos Santos, estiveram sempre ao meu lado desde a graduação. Meu irmão, Rogério dos Santos (in memorian), sempre me apoiou, também materialmente, em meus estudos. Fez a passagem, contudo, antes que eu terminasse esta nova empreitada, o mestrado. À minha filha, Bianca Cristina dos Santos Pipino, sempre presente e solícita. Muitos são aqueles que colaboraram com a elaboração desta dissertação, que é fruto de sete anos de reflexões sobre a história da cultura africana e afro-brasileira, correlacionando-a com o ensino público. Por isso, devo agradecer a três pessoas estudiosas dos Terreiros de Maringá: Leandro Graton, Eronildo José da Silva e Aloysio Santos Bischoff. Agradeço às minhas amigas Professoras Vânia Menezes, Salete Gil e Daliana Antônio que, mesmo a distância, apoiaram-me na execução e na finalização deste projeto. Exprimo, ainda, minha gratidão ao Professor Dagoberto José Fonseca, pela orientação desta dissertação, pelos ensinamentos, pela disponibilidade e pelo apoio. Às professoras Claudete de Sousa Nogueira e Eva Aparecida da Silva, devido às importantes considerações feitas na banca de qualificação. À Bruna Fabre Dantas, pela disposição em compreender o tema da dissertação e pelo auxílio na elaboração das questões para as entrevistas. À minha amiga de trabalho, Andrhezza Prestes de Souza, para a qual, em nossas horas de folga, eu repassava todo o conhecimento adquirido em minha pesquisa bibliográfica e etnográfica e, nesses momentos, discutíamos sobre a visão intolerante frente às religiões afro-brasileiras. Desse modo, por meio do seu desejo de saber, fazia inúmeros questionamentos, os quais foram de extrema importância para a realização desta pesquisa. Nesse sentido, esta dissertação pode ser considerada um trabalho construído em família e em amigos. Dos tempos de graduação em Ciências Sociais, na Universidade Estadual de Maringá (2003-2007), devo agradecer aos professores que, com seus ensinamentos, colaboraram para que eu fosse além dos meus limites e medos durante a trajetória acadêmica. Meus agradecimentos a Pedro Jorge de Freitas, Walter Lúcio Praxedes, Nilson Nobuaki Yamauti, Sérgio Cândido de Mello, Cleide Amorim, Simone Pereira da Costa Dourado, Marivânia Conceição Araújo, Vânia Rezende, Antônio Ozaí, Maria de Fátima Vianna, Meire Mathias, Eide Sandra de Abreu e Ana Lúcia Rodrigues. Cada um contribuiu, de maneira específica, para a minha formação acadêmica. Por fim, vale ressaltar que é impossível pesquisar sobre Exu e não se interessar ainda mais pelo tema. Tenho profunda admiração por esse orixá e pelo povo de santo. Ao longo da história, após o contato da cultura europeia com a cultura africana, Exu foi profundamente ofendido. Temos, porém, a oportunidade de contribuir para desfazer os mal-entendidos. Por isso, peço licença a Exu. Laroiê! O QUE EXU TEM A VER COM A ESCOLA? Isabel Cristina dos Santos Novembro / 2016 Orientador: Prof. LD Dagoberto Jose Fonseca Área de Concentração: Ciências Sociais (Antropologia) Linha de Pesquisa: Diversidade, Identidades e Direitos Palavras-chave: Exu, Lei Federal 10.639/03, Intolerância religiosa. Número de páginas: 137 RESUMO O presente trabalho está inserido no campo dos estudos da temática da Lei Federal 10.639/03, correlacionando-a especificamente com a disciplina de Sociologia ofertada no ensino médio. Sendo assim, esta pesquisa diz respeito aos aspectos do orixá Exu, nos cultos das religiões afro-brasileiras, principalmente no Candomblé, na Umbanda. O objetivo geral desta dissertação foi investigar a possibilidade de abordagem dos aspectos do orixá Exu como conteúdo específico da disciplina de Sociologia do ensino médio, tendo como referência a Lei Federal 10.639/03, e as Diretrizes Curriculares da Educação Básica dessa disciplina no Estado do Paraná. Os objetivos específicos da presente dissertação foram: compreender em que medida a antropologia evolucionista contribuiu para o desenvolvimento do racismo e da intolerância aos povos africanos, afro-brasileiros e suas culturas; compreender a influência da escola evolucionista nos estudos antropológicos brasileiros e entender o processo de mudanças de paradigmas da antropologia brasileira. Buscando a validade empírica da presente dissertação, fundamentamos a metodologia na teoria de Weber (2001), visto que concordamos com o autor em relação ao modo de investigação dos fenômenos sociais, tentando aplicá-lo para compreensão do fenômeno social em questão. Utilizamos vários procedimentos, dentre eles a pesquisa bibliográfica (documentários, seleção de livros, artigos e leis) e a elaboração de um roteiro de entrevistas estruturadas, com questões abertas, direcionadas aos professores, à direção e aos pedagogos da coordenação de colégios do ensino básico. Nesta pesquisa, consideramos o quanto a educação deve contribuir para desfazer o mal-entendido que ocorreu com o orixá Exu, sob pena de continuarmos como uma visão racista sobre Exu e as religiões afro-brasileiras. Nesse âmbito, apresentamos ao leitor algumas das pesquisas mais importantes sobre Exu. O diferencial de nossa pesquisa está na demonstração da relação entre Exu e a Lei 10.639/03, evidenciando que é possível abordar o tema como conteúdo específico, fundamentado também nas diretrizes curriculares da disciplina de Sociologia do estado do Paraná. A contribuição da presente pesquisa também se efetiva nas sugestões de como seria possível relacionar Exu com os conteúdos específicos da disciplina em questão. Foram realizadas nove entrevistas com professores do ensino médio, de várias disciplinas, de colégios estaduais (alguns ministram aulas em mais de um colégio) da Região Metropolitana de Maringá, norte do Paraná, durante o mês de novembro do ano de 2015. As respostas desses profissionais proporcionaram o conhecimento das dificuldades que os professores enfrentam ao abordarem temas relacionados às religiões afro- brasileiras nas aulas, mas nos revelaram, principalmente, maneiras de abordar os aspectos do orixá Exu como conteúdo específico. WHAT ESHU HAS TO DO WITH THE SCHOOL? Isabel Cristina dos Santos November/2016 Advisor: Dagoberto José Fonseca, L.D Concentration area: Social Sciences (Antropology) Research Line: Diversity, Identity and Rights Keywords: Eshu, Federal Law 10.639/03, Religious Intolerance.
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