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THE ASSOCIATION for INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY 95 Pence FREE to MEMBERS of AIA INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY 1()1suultER I 997 THE BULLETIN OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY 95 pence FREE TO MEMBERS OF AIA lA in lreland o Shetfield cutlers'marks o rural engineering works Cornish promotions o Greenwich marsh o Welsh sheepwash o regional news It's all a bit different ouer there, or is it? AIA Michael Coulter that element of variation from the 'expected' norm. There are two main legislative orders under which INDUSTRIAL This paper discusses aspects of the work of the the built heritage is recorded and/or protected. The Enironment and Heritage Sewiceof Nofthern lreland, Planning Order (Nodhern lreland) Order 1991 includes ARCHAEOLOG focusing on the legislation, organisations and provisions for listing buildings and establishing NEWS 101 structures in Nl, to provide some clarrfication of the Conservation Areas, much as in Brjtain, except that similantres and differences between the 'situations' these are duties of the Department, rather than Summer L997 in Nl and the rest of the UK. councils, although they are consultees. lt is also worth noting that provisions for listing were only introduced Northern lreland has a very rich and diverse industrial to Nl in the early 1970s, very much later than in the AIA OFFICERS heritage. This includes the earliest summit level canal rest of the UK. in the British lsles, the largest dry dock in the world, The Historical Monuments and Archaeological President the only intact beetling mills in the UK, and the only Objects (Northern lreland) Order 1995 - we like Hilary MalauYs traditional mill In snappy titles replaced and extended the provisions Y Felin Tynygraig, Ystrad Meurig, Dyfed SY25 6AE spade still operating in lreland, - addition, there are extensive remains of the linen of the Historical Nrlonuments Act (Northern lreland) Vice-President industry plus 1971 . One of the major changes was the provision John Cromplon scattered throughout the six counties, Dept of Science, Technology and Working Life, Royal remainsfrom coal, lead, iron and bauxite mining, glass of Scheduled Monument Consent, Until the new Museum ol Scotland, Chambers Street, Edinburgh EHI 1JF and pottery manufacture, and the production of kelp. Order was established, the Department was only Vice-President (Fund Raising) The remains of the Belfast Rope Works, in its day the entitled to six months' notice by an owner of intention Dr Michael Hanison largest in the world, were demolished only recently. to alter, remove or destroy a scheduled site or feature. 6 Moor Green Lane, Moseley, Birmingham 813 8ND Most of the legislation, organisations and In other words, we were given the oppodunity to Treasurer structures involved in the industrial heritage in make a record of the site before it was altered or Michael Messenger Northern lreland are modelled on British parallels, but destroyed. In some instances it was possible, through 1'g Lake Road East, Roath Park, Carditf CF2 5NQ nearly all have variations which are peculiar to Nl. In negotiation or acquisition, to arrange its survival. In Secretary the past, most of the parallels were drawn from comparison to this relative weakness, the present Amber Patrick provision 4 Gratton Road, Cheltenham GL50 2BS English practice, but Wales and Scotland have been Order and the former Act have a strong for much more appropriate in recent years. There are the licensing of any, and all, archaeological lA Review Editors provision is Peler Neaverson and Dr Marilyn Palmer also signiflcant parallels with the Republic of lreland. excavations in Nl, This very useful without Department ol History, The University, Leicester LEI 7RH Some of the major differences are precedence in Britain, Two other noteworthy is pre- lA News Editor . the absence of a Royal Commission on differences are that national signiflcance not a Dr Peler Stanier Ancient and Historical Monuments of Northern requisite for scheduling in Nl and, unlike the rest of 49 Breach Lane, Shaftesbury, Dorset SP7 8LF lreland the UK, it is the Department and not the Secretary of Conference Secrelary . the absence of County Sites and Monuments State which is responsible for carrying out the duties David Alderton Records (SMRs), although there is a central described in the Order. 48 Quay Street, Halesworth, Suffolk lP19 8EY SIVR which is arguably the equivalent of a The organisation for which I work, the Atfiliated Societies Liaison Olficer National Monuments Record Environment and Heritage Service, has no direct Gordon Knowles . the absence of County Conservation Officers parallels in the UK. Created on 1st April 1 996 as an 7 ftuirrels Green, Great Bookham, Leatherhead, Surrey KT23 3LE r the relative dearth of volunteers/voluntary agency within the Department of the Environment for Nofthern lreland (DOENI), it comprises three limbs: Membership Secretary organisations in the built heritage sector Prof David Penen . the absence, or acute shortage, of tourists, Environmental Protection, Natural Heritage and Built 33 St Margarels Road, Brockley, London SE4 1YL money, big firms/sponsors Heritage. Sales Officer . the 'Troubles' The EHS was put together in a very short Roger Ford It is easier to identify these major differences than it timescale. Throughout a very hectic period of Barn Cottage, Bridge Street, Bridgnorth, Shropshire is identify major reorganisation and metamorphosis, our aims have WV15 6AF to the similarities, most of which have Publicity Oflicer Bill Firth 49 Woodstock Avenue, London NWl l 9RG Fieldwork and Recording Award Oflicer Victoria Beauchamo Division of Adult Continuing Education, University of Sheftield, 196-8 West Street, Shefiield 51 4ET Honorary Vice-Presidents Prol Angus Buchanan Sir Neil Cossons John Hume Stuart B. Smith Council Members N. Beagrie Dr R. J. M. Cail M. Coulter D, Cranstone D. Eve (cGopted) S. Gould J. Powell P. Sillitoe S. Warburton C. Whittaker (coopted) N. Wrighl (co.opled) T. & M. Yoward (co.opled) COVER PICTURE Visitors atVictory Shaft, GeevorTin Mine (see pp 12-13) P hoto : Trevithick Tr ust Wiper blade and beetles in Tildare Beetling Mill, Co. Antiln Photo: N.l. Envkonment and Herikge Service 2 INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOL)GY NEws 101 remained constant. They are to protect and conserve the natural and built environment and to promote its appreciation for the benefit of present and future generations. ln support of these aims, the agency s objectives are to implement the Departments responsibilities for: . controlling the pollution of air, water and land . conserving nature and the countryside and nrntaetinn cnaaiaa . protecting, recording and conserving historic monuments and buildings r promoting awareness and appreciation of the environment and heritage So, in relation to the built heritage, we provide the services of a Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historic Monuments of Northern lreland, and the equivalent of a Cadw or Historic Scotland, plus some of the services of Unified Councils. Then we have the additional duties equivalent to English Nature and pad of a National Rivers Authority, etc. restorction is lhis llour mill of 1792 at Ballydugan, Co. Photo: N,l, Envronment and Herttage Service I am responsible for recording the Architectural Currently under Down and the Industrial Heritage (lH) throughout the six counties, and the management of the Monuments counties. McOutcheon combined documentary estimate there are about 13,000 individual sites and and Buildings Record. In practice, my duties are rather research and field recording. The latter was canied features listed in total. Additional information, such more widespread, beyond recording, into out at a particularly important time, when most of as sites repofts, record photographs and drawings, preservation. My professional background is in the major and traditional industries were still is also stored, architecture, architectural conservation, and operational, and before 'The Troubles'. About 20,000 The Greater Belfast Industrial Archaeology recording, I am not a qualified IndustrialArchaeologist, black and white photographs form a valuable Suruey (GBIAS) followed a short time later and went nor ls any member of my very small team - but we historical record/resource for research, and the one step fudher than the IAR by including a rapid do enjoy the lH work, impressive resulting publication, The lndustrial field survey to establish the presence or absence of The immediate fore-runner of the EHS was the Archaeology of Northern lreland, has been of the mapped features. The file on extant features Environment Seryice, created in the eady 1990s. The considerable benelit to the work of the Service. includes a brief descriotion and at least one built heritage section of these organisations had as Unfortunately, the collection lacks an inventory and photograph of the site. There are approximately 1 ,100 their fore-runner the Historic Monuments and many of the record photographs are not fully identified sites identified on the rnaps, and about 450 of these Buildings Branch of the DOENI, which in turn and are awkward to retrieve from storage. We plan nave remarns. stemmed from the Listed Buildings section of the to remedy this situation in time. The IAR and GBIAS are now combined under DOE, established in the late 1960s (in anticipation of The next major phase of contract work, in the the Industrial Heritage Record (lHR). This in turn forms the Planning Order and associated listing legislation), mid-1980s, involved the establishment of a sites part of the Monuments and Buildings Record (or and the Archaeological Survey (Ancient Monuments) inventory - the Industrial Archaeological Record (lAR). MBR), which is held by EHS. The MBR is a publicly dating from the 1950s. Prior to that, the Government This map-based record was derived from information accessible record which is divided into Archaeology of Northern lreland was guided by an Ancient on industrial sites marked on the various editions of (the SMR), Buildings (including Listed Buildings), Monuments Advisory Council established in 1926, the O.S. six-inch maps of the six counties, but Industry Historic Gardens and Maritime (including the shorlly after the partition of lreland.
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