INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY 150 AUTUMN NEWS 2009 THE BULLETIN OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY FREE TO MEMBERS OF AIA

Pontcysyllte is new World Heritage Site G Fe09 Conference at Coalbrookdale G Longdendale Water Heritage at Risk G Stretham engine G Leeds towers G regional news G publications The Pontcysyllte Aqueduct and Canal World Heritage inscription at Seville On 27 June the 33rd session of the World which discussions might reach the level of the Heritage Committee meeting in Seville inscribed complexities of the comparative terminologies INDUSTRIAL the Pontcysyllte Aqueduct and Canal (United between the English and French translations. Kingdom) on UNESCO’s World Heritage List. The Friday and Saturday in this vast dark air- ARCHAEOLOGY new World Heritage Site is 11 miles (18 conditioned space came and went with the Chair kilometres) long, with all but half a mile in Wales. of the World Heritage Committee up on stage NEWS 150 It follows the waterway from its feeder at the flanked by serried ranks of ICOMOS global site Autumn 2009 Horseshoe Falls on the River Dee above research specialists and raconteurs with Llangollen to Gledrid Bridge near Rhoswiel. While dictionaries, backed by five vast screens centred Honorary President the star attraction is the famous Pontcysyllte on the personage talking with alternate English Prof Angus Buchanan 13 Hensley Road, Bath BA2 2DR Aqueduct across the Dee near Wrexham, it also and French screens showing the inscription texts Chairman includes the Chirk Aqueduct and Tunnel. being examined paragraph by paragraph, and Tony Crosby Congratulations to the three lead organisations, clause by clause, in both languages 261 Stansted Road, Bishop’s Stortford, Hertfordshire CM23 2BT Wrexham County Borough Council, British simultaneously. In front of this broad platform sat Vice-Chairman Waterways and RCAHMW, and the many others the 21 member-countries of the World Heritage Mark Sissons who contributed to such a convincing nomination Committee in serried desks at the front of the 33 Burgate, Pickering, North Yorkshire YO18 7AU Secretary document. How was it all finally achieved? Our vast auditorium flanked to the sides by the official Barry Hood man in Seville reports. delegations of the other 165 countries. The United 9 Kennerty Park, Peterculter, Aberdeen AB14 0LE Kingdom delegation had managed to acquire Treasurer Bruce Hedge Stephen Hughes about seven seats in the third row back and to 7 Clement Close, Wantage, Oxfordshire OX12 7ED one side of the stage. However, most of us from Royal Commission on the Ancient & IA Review Editor Wales were relegated to the back of the hall until Dr David Gwyn Historical Monuments of Wales Nant y Felin, Llanllyfni Road, Pen y Groes, the site before Pontcysyllte came up for Caernarfon LL54 6LY discussion on what was a constantly changing IA News Editor Dr Peter Stanier On the night of Saturday 27 June in Seville the agenda. 49 Breach Lane, Shaftesbury, Dorset SP7 8LF culmination of six years of preparation work was Back in Llangollen, the audience waiting at Affiliated Societies Officer finally rewarded. The location was not as the Telford Inn were kept on tenterhooks with Christine Ball 75 Banner Cross Road, Sheffield S11 9HQ romantic as might be thought as the regular mobile phone reports as the delays in the Conference Secretary deliberations of the august World Heritage agenda ground on and on and those of us in the John McGuinness Committee took place in what was an enormous darkened chamber were beginning to lose the 24 Belmont Road, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 1RE Endangered Sites Officer windowless shed holding about 1,000 expectant will to live. We gradually realised that these Dr Mike Nevell, Director people representing 186 nationalities from across labyrinthine deliberations were likely to spin out University of Manchester Archaeology Unit, University of the world. At times it felt as if all hope was lost in into a third day and that any prospect of seeing Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL Librarian and Archivist this strange land apart with interminable the world class city outside in daylight was John Powell discussions on those prospective World Heritage rapidly receding. However, the World Heritage c/o IGMT, Ironbridge, Telford, Shropshire TF8 7DQ Sites who had been condemned to the strange Committee delegates themselves had the same Publicity Officer Mark Sissons limbo of being ‘referred’ or, even worse, realisation and the Chair suddenly announced to 33 Burgate, Pickering, North Yorkshire YO18 7AU ‘deferred’. An evaluation of each site might take our immense relief that the afternoon session Recording Awards Officer Dr Victoria Beauchamp half an hour or talking might lapse into the would not finish at 7pm but continue into the 3 Parsonage Court, Parsonage Crescent, Walkley, pattern of taking the greater part of a day in night. The previous item to Pontcysyllte, that of Sheffield S6 5BJ Sales Officer Roger Ford Barn Cottage, Bridge Street, Bridgnorth WV15 6AF Council Members David Alderton (Heritage Link) Mike Bone Dr Robert Carr (BA Awards) Dr Paul Collins (Partnerships) David de Haan (Liaison Office) Richard Hartree (AIA Council projects) David Lyne (Conservation Award) Michael Messenger (Conference Bookings & website) Stephen Miles Roy Murphy Dr Miles Oglethorpe (TICCIH) Prof Marilyn Palmer Paul Saulter (Overseas trips) Ian West (Health & Safety) Honorary Vice-Presidents Sir Neil Cossons Prof John Hume Stuart B. Smith Liaison Officer Anne Lowes, AIA Liaison Office, The Ironbridge Institute, Ironbridge Gorge Museum, Coalbrookdale, Telford TF8 7DX. Tel: 01325 359846. E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.industrial-archaeology.org.uk

COVER PICTURE The Pontcysyllte Aqueduct on the Llangollen Canal is the centrepiece of the UK’s latest World Heritage Site (see this page) Photo: AIA The Pontcysyllte Aqueduct from the air Photo: Crown Copyright RCAHMW

2—INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —150 two watch-making villages in Switzerland, was announced and the Welsh bid partnership members from the Royal Commission, Wrexham and British Waterways prepared to move up to the front to join the representatives from Cadw and the rest of the United Kingdom delegation. Luckily the Irish delegation was prevailed on and kindly agreed to move so that the full bid team could be fielded to answer questions and prevent a possible referral, deferral or failure of the bid. Tension heightened as the moment for Pontcysyllte’s turn approached, but also a realisation that as the Swiss bid was approved close to 7pm that a natural break period was coming. Sure enough, as soon as the debate on the Swiss bid was concluded, and the two minute permitted thank you speech from the Swiss delegation and town mayor had finished and the applause died away, the Chair announced a one hour adjournment. A rapid phone-call back to the Telford Inn produced an audible collective groan from the assorted delegates gathered there. At 8pm the bid partners were expectantly The Pontcysyllte Aqueduct crosses the Dee Photo: AIA back at their desks and microphones but as usual the mass of assembled delegates were only just returning to their desks. Madam chair resumed her seat at about 8.20pm and announced that the bid for the inscription of Pont———te!?! was about to begin. Professor Michel Cotte from France gave a very supportive and positive ten minute presentation of the site, on behalf of the World Heritage Bureau of ICOMOS, copiously illustrated with Royal Commission images, but left the way open to further questions (and possible complications) by saying that not all the Nominated area had statutory protection and that the redevelopment of the adjacent and redundant Flexys Chemical plant needed careful planning to ensuring that the setting of Pontcysyllte was not compromised. The Chair then gave the floor to the members of the World Heritage Committee and the TV cameras focussed on the Ambassador from Canada to give his reactions to the bid. He The iron trough of the Pontcysyllte Aqueduct Photo: AIA enthusiastically endorsed the bid and said this had a ‘fantastic’ Nomination Document for a monument of outstanding value. The Ambassador for Israel noted that this was a model nomination from the United Kingdom which as everyone knew produced exemplary Nomination Documents. He said that Telford’s aqueduct was enormously impressive and that he was going to book his holidays there for later in the year. The Ambassador for Kenya supported the view that the nomination was of great value but that the British authorities should give deep consideration to producing a more pronounceable name for the use of future visitors and tourists! He had spent a long time in Britain but nobody hold taught him to pronounce Pontcysyllte. One of the other Ambassadors supported this view! The Ambassador for Barbados then commended the view but said she wondered if the Comparative Studies were thorough enough. She thought that it might have concentrated on Europe at the expense of the rest of the world. She said she knew of an earlier aqueduct of the 1770s that Early iron bridge at Trevor Basin Photo: Crown Copyright RCAHMW stood in the Caribbean, in Jamaica.

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —150 —3 Sian Rees and Stephen Hughes rapidly conferred and decided that Sian would answer the two points raised by Professor Michelle Cotte of ICOMOS and Stephen Hughes the point raised by the Barbadian Ambassador. The Chair of the Committee then announced that the State Party had the usual two minutes to comment on the points raised by ICOMOS and the members of the World Heritage Committee. Sian reached over to flick the switch on the microphone and explained that Wrexham County Borough Council was already in discussions with the owners of the Flexys Chemical Works site to produce an outcome that would beneficial to the Pontcysyllte World Heritage site. She also explained that the whole canal was now scheduled as an Ancient Monument and under protection, but the two- minute buzzer went before she finished. She explained that her colleague, Stephen Hughes, The weir at Horseshoe Falls takes the canal feeder from the River Dee Photo: Crown Copyright RCAHMW would answer the point on the Comparative Study if given some extra time. The Chair announced that further comments would now be sought from other members of the World Heritage Committee and then the floor could be given back to the State Party. The atmosphere among the bid team was now reaching a zenith of tension because the facts that the large areas around the three main sites, included at the behest of ICOMOS to safeguard the setting of the main aqueducts and Horseshoe Falls, were not scheduled as Ancient Monuments and that Barbados seemed to have suggested that the Comparative Study was deficient. This could have meant that the site would at least have been referred, or deferred, for one or more years while these points were resolved to the satisfaction of the Committee. However, the other members of the Committee were firmly convinced of the merit of Pont..?!?..te and then the floor was returned to the United Kingdom State Party. The microphone on the desk was given to Stephen Hughes, who A tight squeeze in the upper reaches of the canal at Llangollen Photo: AIA pointed out that the United Kingdom had co- ordinated the international ICOMOS/TICCIH study Peter Marsden, of the Culture Department on canals and as part of this had intensively (former DCMS) in London was then given the studied all types of aqueducts including masonry floor (for two minutes) to say how pleased the examples. He added that the Outstanding United Kingdom was to have this site inscribed in Universal Value of Pontcysyllte was in it using a Wales and England and then handed over to new material: cast-iron. This meant that a high Isobel Garner, Chief Executive of Wrexham light deck could be built with sides only 25 County Borough, who thanked the work of all the millimetres thick, and metal aqueducts were partners in the Pontcysyllte World Heritage bid subsequently built all over the world and this was and said Diolch yn fawr to the World Heritage the importance of the monument. There is a Committee and Bureau. danger in such gatherings of giving too much Again the hall erupted in applause and a information as it had become obvious during the good proportion of the delegates of all 186 last few days of the meeting that at least a core countries descended on the United Kingdom of the World Heritage Committee were delegation to offer their congratulations and determined to ask questions on the least pretext. shake hands with all the inscription team bid. The The information given was deemed sufficient Barbadian Ambassador came and congratulated by the Chair and the World Heritage Committee the team. and the paragraphs of the draft inscription Part of the following day was spend in trying appeared in both languages on the screen with to describe to a member of the Nigerian the Chair rapidly tapping her gavel down on her delegation what an aqueduct was and he desk to approve each paragraph in turn. It was assiduously wrote down the Coflein web address possible to quickly turn a mobile telephone on so so he could go away and look at some pictures of that the assembled throng in the Telford Inn could Pontcysyllte. join in the applause, now echoing through the Mighty piers of the Pontcysyllte Aqueduct, seen from the hall, at a considerable distance. valley floor Photo: Crown Copyright RCAHMW

4—INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —150 Fe09 Footprints of Industry Conference

This important conference held at Coalbrookdale archaeology from around the world. Paul Belford, organisation was essentially Paul’s and he is to be on 3-6 June commemorated the 300th Head of Archaeology and Monuments at the congratulated on the result. anniversary of the first successful use of coke to Ironbridge Gorge Museum Trust, went one better Each day of the conference followed a smelt iron. It was organised by Paul Belford and by managing to put on a conference which particular theme. The first day was devoted to hosted by the Ironbridge Gorge Museum Trust extended over four days in June 2009 and I for Origins and Inheritance, with separate sessions with the support of the AIA, Historical Metallurgy one attended all the sessions! This conference on the European Origins of Industrialisation and Society, Newcomen Society and Society for Post- was intended to commemorate the 300th the Metallurgical Inheritance of Abraham Darby. Medieval Archaeology. Some 40 speakers anniversary of the first commercial use of coke to The former included papers on the early medieval contributed wide ranging papers to make this smelt iron and took place, appropriately, within industrialisation of Europe and more specifically such a successful event. the shadow of the very furnace where Abraham of part of Germany, as well as David Cranstone’s Darby achieved success in 1709. It was supported firm belief that coal-fuelled salt making was as Marilyn Palmer by the four major British societies concerned with crucial a development in the long process of the study of this period, the Association for industrialisation as Darby’s coke smelting Industrial Archaeology, the Historical Metallurgy process. Tim Mighall’s paper on ancient copper Those of you who came to the ‘Crossing Paths or Society, the Newcomen Society and the Society and lead pollutions from peat bogs in central Sharing Tracks’ conference at the University of for Post-Medieval Archaeology. Although we all Wales and Scotland dealt with industrial activities Leicester in April 2008 were able to enjoy three made suggestions and representatives from the from the Bronze Age to the Industrial Revolution, days of papers on historical and industrial various societies chaired sessions, the and the technique has considerable potential for locating metal working and smelting sites. The important session on historical metallurgy had been introduced by Michael Darby the day before, who had opened the conference with a personal account of the rescue and restoration of the Old Furnace and the opening of the original Coalbrookdale Museum, with which his family had been closely involved. Other papers in this session included a closely argued one on cognitive archaeology and metalworking by David Dungworth of English Heritage, looking at the ways in which the techniques of smithing became inherent in the psyche of the metalworkers as they learnt their craft, and was concluded with a keynote lecture by Dr David Crossley of the University of Sheffield on new perceptions of the use of fuel and power between 1600 and 1800. The second day of the conference had the bold title of Towards Brave New Worlds and began with a session on technology and society, which included Paul Belford’s own paper on the industrial activities of the Roman Catholic Brooke Delegates at the Footprints of Industry Conference, taken from a telescopic mast provided by Aerial-cam Photo: Adam Sandford family who preceded the Quaker Darbys in their exploitation of Coalbrookdale, both denied access to other professions because of their religious nonconformity. Ian West talked about his work on the social impact of artificial light in the workplace, which has shown that lighting did not have the effect of promoting increased shift work as has often been believed, while Colin Axon of the University of Oxford showed how the leisure driven economy of Bath acted as a stimulus for manufactured products which in turn fostered the development of engineering and technology. The papers given in the session on Life and Death ranged widely from the workhouses of the industrial age to the contribution of skeletal analysis in determining both the health and industrial hazards experienced by the workforce to Dr Harold Mytum’s contribution on the effect of mass production on the commemoration of the dead. The final session on Imperial Tensions included a fascinating paper on the archaeological work being done on the Great War camps on Cannock Chase, which housed over The old furnace at Coalbrookdale Photo: Marilyn Palmer 100,000 troops from all over the world.

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —150 —5 discovered in Evan’s Silver Works in the Birmingham Jewellery Quarter. The final session on Managing and Interpreting Industrial Heritage was international in scope, with papers on the Saarland and northern Spain as well as Keith Falconer’s discussion of the ways in which the growth of industrial world heritage sites has changed the perception of industrial heritage over the last ten years. Sir Neil Cossons, appropriately, concluded the conference as Michael Darby had opened it, emphasising the ways in which the legendary status of Coalbrookdale was important to the creation of the Ironbridge Gorge Museum during the period in which he was its first Director from 1971 – 1983. Sir Neil’s determination that the project should succeed was clearly a major factor in the iconic status enjoyed by the Ironbridge Gorge today and its status as a World Heritage Site. The social events included a party for The Coalbrookdale furnace caged Photo: Marilyn Palmer delegates and previous graduates of the Ironbridge Institute and a final dinner in the The keynote lecture that afternoon was given session dealt with the available resource. This absorbing environs on ‘Enginuity’, delegates by Marilyn Palmer on the ways in which the included some intriguing new insights such as the having to be persuaded to leave their imaginative use of the sources available for the paper presented by Miles Oglethorpe from Historic experiments in developing horse power and study of the industrial period, combined with a Scotland and Miriam McDonald from RCAHMS on controlling the flow of water to generate series of achievable research questions such as how potential terrorist threats had led to an electricity to take their seats for food! There were those being framed on a regional basis intensive recording programme on the 40 papers given during this conference and it has throughout England, could help bring together infrastructure of Glasgow’s water supply. Helen not been possible in this short review to mention those working in the academic, curatorial and Gomersall drew attention to the need to develop them all. It is intended that many of them will find contract sectors of archaeology and ensure that appropriate techniques for dealing with the their way into the journals of the four supporting the investigation and recording of sites excavation of large-scale industrial sites as well as societies in the course of 2010 and 2011 which undertaken in response to the planning process the conservation of the resultant artefacts, while will enable their members not fortunate enough have a clear research focus. William Mitchell from Birmingham Archaeology to attend this conference to gain some idea of the The final day of the conference was concerned talked about the stratigraphic approach taken to richness of current work being carried out on the with The Legacy of Industrialisation, and the first the recording of the extensive range of artefacts study of industrialisation and its context.

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6—INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —150 Glossop and the Longdendale reservoirs

The successful series of East Midland Industrial lengthy period of work with the City of 1848. Bateman subsequently needed to consult Archaeology Conferences began back in 1970. Manchester. both Robert Stephenson and I. K. Brunel over The 77th EMIAC was held on 16 May 2009 in Manchester had received its first public water methods to improve the stability of the Hadfield, Derbyshire, and was hosted by the supply in 1506 but this was failing by the 1770s. underlying strata in the valley. He went on to Derbyshire Archaeological Society. The main A move to using wells and springs led to construct five reservoirs in the valley with a topic was Longdendale Water which is probably problems with polluted water. Pumping from the further two in a side valley and a complex of better known as the dale to the east of River Medlock was started by Sir Oswald Mosley, tunnels and conduits. Of the Logdendale Manchester that ends in the Woodhead Pass over the Lord of the Manor and from 1808 the reservoirs the top three were for water storage, the Pennines. Manchester and Salford Waterworks Co. tried and the lower two for flow compensation to various solutions to the City’s water supply. This appease the local mill owners who had Mark Sissons period included a spectacular fraud perpetrated strenuously opposed the entire project. One third by the supplier of useless solid stone water pipes. of the average daily flow had to be released as Dudley Fowkes opened the conference by briefly In 1846 the City of Manchester obtained an compensation water and a complex gauging weir outlining the Industrial Archaeology of this area act of Parliament to acquire the waterworks and measuring tank were installed to allow the of North Derbyshire, some of which was in company and develop new reservoirs. Bateman mill owners to check the flow rate. Cheshire before local government re was appointed as engineer to this massive civil The reservoirs were completed as follows: organisation. In the late eighteenth century the engineering project. He chose Logdendale as the Arnfield and Hollingworth in 1854, Rhodeswood plentiful local water power and the geographical site for a complex of reservoirs, a good choice for in 1855, Torside in 1864, Vale House in 1869, and location between Derbyshire and Manchester rainfall but a poor choice from a geological Bottoms and Woodhead in 1877. Construction saw the development of numerous cotton perspective. Work began on the reservoirs in started on Woodhead dam in 1848 but instability spinning mills. A second phase of steam powered cotton spinning development took place following the opening of the Peak Forest canal. John Smith spoke on the development of the Glossop area with water as the key. His fascinating talk took the development back to the times of Glossop Abbey in the fifteenth century. The manor passed to the Howard family in 1606 with whom it remained until the twentieth century. From the 1770s Glossop tenants looked to the development of textiles to increase their income. Despite the development of fulling mills in the 1780s wool was a poor earner compared to cotton. Although the Snake Pass was turnpiked at this time it was a hugely unprofitable venture. It was the development of Howard Town on the outskirts of Glossop by the Howards’ agent that saw real growth. Sites were developed along the Glossop Brook with leases for both land and water rights. These sites finally developed into the large mill complexes at Wren’s Nest, Waterside, Sidebottom and Howard’s Town, each of which The weir and flow measuring system below Bottoms Reservoir at Tintwistle Photo: Mark Sissons employed over 2000. Further development saw bleaching, calico printing and paper making sites all driven forward by the energetic agent of the Lord of the Manor. Glossop became a borough in 1866 but this led to conflict as many of the mill owners preferred the town being run by the Lord of the Manor. The opening of the Manchester, Sheffield & Lincolnshire Railway saw Glossop left off the main line and it was the Lord of the Manor who funded the building of the branch line. Tony Brocklebank spoke on the development of the Longdendale reservoir system. This huge complex of seven reservoirs was the work of John Frederick Bateman, who was born in Halifax 1810, the son of Moravian parents of Huguenot descent whose ancestors from the Le Trobe family included the architect of the White House and a Governor of the Australian state of Victoria. After an engineering apprenticeship in Lancashire he set up practice in Manchester and furthered his connections after marrying the daughter of Sir William Fairbairn. In 1833 he reported on the Tintwistle engine shed for the Manchester Corporation narrow gauge railway that serviced the reservoirs flooding of the River Medlock and this started a Photo: Mark Sissons

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —150 —7 in the underlying rock caused the embankment to leak badly and it had to be abandoned. A second embankment was started in 1862 and was one of the first to use a concrete filled cut-off trench instead of puddle clay. The dam was finally completed in 1877. When the whole reservoir supply scheme was finally completed in 1884, it was a great achievement as the reservoirs were the longest chain in the world at that time. Bateman installed innovative valve gear powered by water turbines and rotating cylinder circular flow control valves. On completion of the works Bateman wrote a book on the history of the waterworks company but the reports that he wrote for the waterworks committee are a far more accurate commentary on the true problems and massive overspends against the original budget. Although when completed this was the biggest water supply scheme in the country, Bateman knew that it was still insufficient. He proposed a joint Lake District reservoir scheme for Manchester and Liverpool A view looking down Torside Reservoir Photo: Mark Sissons but civic rivalry ensured that this was a non starter. He then went on to survey the Thirlmere The Logdendale Valley over this time must construction. The Manchester Corporation scheme for Manchester and assumed that he have been a massive civil engineering site as the Waterworks Company also had their own 3ft would be appointed as engineer. Bateman had by Manchester, Sheffield & Lincolnshire Railway was gauge electrified railway running up the opposite this time moved his practice to London and it was building the Woodhead Tunnel and the side of the valley to service the reservoirs. his assistant, G.H. Hill who became the engineer Manchester to Sheffield section of its main line at The day concluded with a tour of the Glossop to the Thirlmere project. same time as the reservoirs were under area, the abandoned railway and the reservoirs.

AIA NEWS Treasurer’s Report for the year previous three years amounting to over £6k. resulting in the current year being no better than During the year we lost the office space break-even. I have reluctantly recommended to ended 31 December 2008 available to us at Leicester University and Council a subscription increase for next year. The Accounts for 2008 form part of the AGM coinciding with that James Gardiner, our paid Council recognizes that many of our members papers enclosed with this issue of IA News. These Liaison Officer, left to take up a teaching post in will also be suffering reduced incomes as a result show a surplus of almost £45k on Income & South Korea. James’s duties were taken over, in of falling interest rates and consequently limited Expenditure for the year. However, that sum part, by David de Haan and Anne Lowes. At the my proposed rise to £3 in 2010, to apply to all includes a donation from an anonymous donor of same time, responsibility for the collection of classes of membership. A further review will be almost £39k, including the applicable gift aid, subscriptions was outsourced to our publishers, undertaken during 2010. Bear in mind that the £3 and the interest on our Restricted Funds of £2.4k. Maney Publishing. These actions resulted in a increase will be the first increase for four years. The donation of £39k is to finance the series of saving of approximately £3.5k. As usual I shall be available to answer Restoration Grants advertised in the last issue of As you are all aware, the last twelve months questions at the AGM. IA News. Adjusting for these two items, the true has witnessed a dramatic drop in interest rates. Bruce Hedge operating surplus is £4k. This surplus goes some Because of that, my projection is that about 75% Hon. Treasurer way to eliminating the cumulative deficits of the of those savings referred to will be wiped out

INDUSTRIAL COOKERY SPOT With the ever more elaborate activities of cooks on television, I wondered if they could be encouraged to advance into ‘Industrial cookery’. The following lines came to me after recent visits to Sheffield, followed by reading Steelmaking: 1850 to 1900 by K. C. Barraclough.

CARBON CONTENT COOKING And now the next step on your path – Firstly, let’s think about your cake – Use Bessemer or Open-Hearth? * Spiegeleisen: A triple compound of iron, An Acid or a Basic bake? (Place both outside, on concrete piles - manganese and carbon, added to adjust the And if you wish to cook from ore Inside, they’ll damage ceiling tiles.) final carbon content of the molten steel. It will, I fear, cost slightly more, And if your steely dough’s not risen Because you’ll need to shop to buy Just add a teasp. of spiegeleisen*. A blast furnace to stand nearby. (But if you cook with scrap and pig, Now, quick! (before it all goes cold) That furnace need not be so big.) Teem off into your ingot mould. Then whilst you pause (and puff a fag?) The lads will ladle off the slag. Henry Gunston

8—INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —150 LETTERS & QUERIES A patent problem The Bingham Heritage Trails Association has been researching references to the town in the Nottinghamshire Library newspaper archives. A recently found reference in the London Gazette, 4 June 1796, records: ‘His Majesty has been graciously pleased to grant unto John Strong, the Younger, of Bingham in the County of Nottingham, Plumber, his ROYAL LETTERS PATENT, bearing Date at Westminster the 31st of May inst, for his Invention of certain new Improvements in the Construction of PISTON CYLINDERS, SUCTION CHAMBERS, and VALVES, whereby the same may be more expeditiously repaired etc…. The above John Strong having received several orders for PUMPS, upon his new Principle, in London and in the country, he is in immediate want of three or four journeymen PLUMBERS – none need apply but men of experienced Abilities.’ We have tracked down the patent and although it covers improvement to the design of Piston Cylinders etc, we cannot decide what was novel about the idea as we have no information on how these devices were constructed before 1796. Was it an idea that caught on and was successful? If any AIA member has expertise in this area we would be grateful to hear from them. Robin Aldworth [email protected]

JOHN STRONG’S PATENT LI. Specification of the Patent granted to Mr. John Strong, the Younger, of Bingham, in the County of Nottingham, Plumber; for his Invention of certain new Improvements in the Construction of Piston-Cylinders, Suction- Chambers and Valves, whereby the above the dotted line across the K L, K L. Places where the same may be more expeditiously DESCRIPTION OF JOHN cylinder, marked b b, will not be suction and conducting pipes are to repaired, etc. STRONG’S PISTON- required; the cylinder being carried be joined. Dated May 31, 1796. CYLINDERS, SUCTION- upward the same diameter as at b b M, M. Two large male-screws, To all to whom these presents -and the piston- rod will then act in introduced into the top of the shall come, etc. Now Know Ye that, CHAMBERS, AND VALVES. the inside of the cylinder all its receptacles for the valves, at F, F, in compliance with the said proviso, A. Cylinder where the piston length. lined with a collar of leather to I the said John Strong do hereby acts. E, E. Communication-tubes, make them airtight, for the declare, that my said invention of B. A large male-screw, from the cylinder to the receptacles convenience of repairing the valves certain new improvements in the introduced into the top of the for the valves. when out of condition. Also a screw construction of piston-cylinders, piston-cylinder at C, on the top of F G, F G. Receptacles for the is to be introduced, in the same suction-chambers, and valves, is which is fixed a stuffing-box, valves. manner, into the bottom of the described in the plan and represented as at D, if the piston-rod H, H. Proper places for the piston-cylinder, at c d, in order that description thereof hereunto is required to work on the outside of valves to be screwed down upon the the piston may be lowered, and annexed. Witness whereof, etc. the cylinder; but if not, the part shoulders I J, I J. taken out there to be repaired, when

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —150 —9 LETTERS & QUERIES the rod is required to be so long that A Cardiff Bay ruin: the a deal of inconvenience attends the drawing it up. Taff Vale Railway N. Top part of the rod that is terminus building attached to the piston, represented Whilst visiting Cardiff Bay recently, I as put through the cylinder in order passed this building, now in an to be repaired; the piston being appalling state of repair. It was built taken off for that purpose. in the early 1840s and was at one O, O. Key-joint, to separate this time the headquarters and southern piston from the rod, that it may be terminus of the Taff Vale Railway, repaired with the greater facility. engineered by Brunel. Formerly used P. A square collar, put over the by the Butetown Historic Railway key-joint to make it secure. Society, it has been ‘to let’ for some Q. The piston. years. It is literally only hundreds R. A leathern collar, to go round of metres away from the multi- the piston at W. million pound Welsh Assembly S. A collar of metal, screwed on Government Building, and the the bottom of the piston ; the edge Assembly members must pass it on of the leather collar being their way in. It has Grade 2* Listed introduced between it and the Building status dating back to 1975, piston-bottom. and additionally a most detailed T. Place where the piston-valve survey, and drawings made in 1981- A probable cistern dome at Ripon, Yorkshire Photo: Phil Weston acts. 82 are now in the Welsh School of U. Piston-valve, ground to be Architecture. The building is on both A water cistern? ware pottery were recovered from a air-tight at V in the piston. Cadw’s and the RCAHM (Wales) I would be very grateful anyone backfilled deposit suggesting a V. Piston-valve rests here when databases. could help identify a structure nineteenth-century date for the at rest It appears to me that no one recently uncovered during an construction of the cistern. W. Where the leather is put seems to care about a historic, archaeological evaluation in Ripon, The cistern was supplied by at round the piston. restrained and elegant early North Yorkshire. So far, it’s being least three culverts of similar X Y. A representation of the Victorian building. I know that the described as a water cistern. The construction, consisting of valve to be introduced into the credit crunch is affecting many ‘water cistern’ consisted of a brick- limestone capping slabs, four receptacles F G, F G. projects, but here is a 14.900 sq ft built dome some 3m in diameter and courses of bricks forming the sides Z. The wrench to screw the building with A3/A4 consent, that at least 2.6m deep. A 0.9m diameter and limestone base slabs sat on red valves down safe. could surely be put to use? opening was located at the top of brick plinths. Again, a pottery sherd a. The wrench to screw the If any AIA members are the dome. The cistern appeared to indicates a nineteenth-century date. male-screws marked M, M. members of a local preservation have been backfilled around a I would also like to know of any N.B. By attaching another group, I would gladly help. 0.22m diameter central post or pipe, similar constructions and where I cylinder, exactly similar to the Guy H. Ingram since removed, leaving a void. It is might find reference to them. cylinder marked A, the steam may [email protected] possible a hand pump once sat atop Phil Weston be made a continual one, one piston the cistern. Four sherds of cream ASWYAS Project Officer being up when the other is down. [email protected]

The neglected southern terminus building of the Taff Vale Railway, Cardiff Bay Photos: Guy Ingram ADVERTISE IN IA NEWS

10 —INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —150 NEWS SERIAC 2009 what is happening at the moment to Gas Co. in the 1870s. As demand are part of the region’s outstanding This year’s South East England carry out a satisfactory change over, increased a new well was sunk at prehistoric heritage. Region IA Conference was hosted by hopefully with imaginative long- Twyford in 1898. This site was The sites and risk-level (this is Hampshire IA Society on 25 April in term vision. developed using Day Summers & expressed differently for buildings Winchester’s Guildhall, on the After lunch, Bill Fawcett talked Co. engines, at first horizontal and scheduled sites in the main) in theme of ‘IA in Hampshire and the about Francis Giles who was a compounds and then a triple the AIA’s West of England Region Isle of Wight’. Almost 200 visitors surveyor involved in both canal and expansion vertical one by can be summarised as follows. Sites railway civil engineering. When Richardson Westgarth & Co. A were welcomed by Bill White, are listed unless identified as George Stephenson’s first Bill for the Hathorn Davey triple expansion President of HIAS. scheduled. James Freeman spoke first on Liverpool & Manchester Railway vertical engine of 1914 together operations of the King Alfred Motor came before Parliament he was one with the original buildings, lime services. After the Hants & Dorset of those employed by the opposition kilns and water softening plant are PRIORITY A (IMMEDIATE Bus Co. took over in 1973 they to point out its faults, especially the still in existence. Fortunately the RISK – NO SOLUTION passage across Chat Moss, for pumping station buildings form a started painting the buses red; the AGREED) last green bus ran in 1975 and the which George Stephenson never Scheduled Ancient Monument, only Bristol: Carriage Works, Stokes Croft old vehicles were sold off. In 1981 forgave him. He has been criticised just listed in time to prevent their James purchased one of their old by some historians, especially LTC demolition. Southampton’s water (1862). Gloucestershire: Guns Mill buses from a bus company in Wales. Rolt, for some of the delays and supply was first received from Barn, Littledean (former furnace & This led to the formation of the over-runs of costs during some of Mansbridge in 1851, followed by a paper mill, 1682). North Somerset: Friends of King Alfred Buses in 1985, the schemes he worked on. He was pumping station at Otterbourne. A Birnbeck Pier, Weston-super-Mare and the group now has around 250 removed from the Newcastle & James Simpson two cylinder engine (1860s). Somerset: Ropewalk, West members. Other old company buses Carlisle Railway and the London & from Otterbourne, after languishing Coker (late nineteenth century). have been purchased including one Southamton Railway. His scheme to at Sherborne gas works site in Fussell’s former Iron Works, Mells from the USA. There are now over extend the Basingstoke Canal to Dorset for over 30 years , is now (nineteenth century, scheduled and ten. form the Berkshire & Hampshire awaiting preservation. described as ‘declining’) and Vobster Canal never materialised but he At the end of the very Rob Martin described the Breach Colliery, Leigh-on-Mendip connected the Regents Canal to the enlightening conference, it was sixteenth-century alum manufactory (late nineteenth century, also Lea Navigation. He was engaged in appropriate that two King Alfred on the Isle of Wight. Alum was a scheduled and declining). mordant used to set the colour in works on the sea wall for the Motor Buses carried visitors to the dyes but also for tanning to preserve Mersey Commissioners and Twyford Waterworks from where the skins and for candle making and surveyed the approaches to Dublin water is still being pumped. PRIORITY B (AS ABOVE, the pharmaceutical industry. William harbour. But several of his schemes Robert Cox BUT SOLUTION AGREED never came to fruition. He worked Kendal was licensed to search on BUT NOT YET the Isle of Wight and by 1564 this for both the Rennies who held him Heritage at Risk in the had passed to a Dutchman in high regard and considered him a West and the known IMPLEMENTED) Cornelius de Voz. The strata of the very reliable surveyor. unknowns North Somerset: Elms Colliery, shale at Alum Bay was upright, John Mitchell discussed Nailsea (eighteenth/nineteenth interpretations of the Titchfield At the time of writing, which made it awkward to extract century; scheduled but given B Canal or New River in Hampshire. disappointment continues at the which added to the difficulties; the grade, as for listed buildings). The traditional view is that in 1611 failure to find parliamentary time for process included considerable Somerset: Top Mill, Higher Flax Mills, quantities of urine and kelp with the the 3rd Earl of Southampton built a the Heritage Protection Bill and at Castle Cary (mid nineteenth mixture being boiled and then canal to connect Titchfield with the delays in consultation on the century). refined, sometimes twice. sea, which included closing the replacement of PPGs (Planning Celia Clark’s talk was ‘Vintage estuary of the River Meon. Much Policy Guidance) 15 & 16, so Ports, the future of historic evidence which is ignored by important for the protection and PRIORITY C (SLOW DECAY dockyards’. With the armed forces of historians suggests that this work conservation of IA sites. However, – NO SOLUTION AGREED) Britain, Europe and the United was carried out about 100 years the publication of English Heritage’s Gloucestershire: Old Silk Mill, States all carrying out considerable later to provide river water to 2009 Heritage at Risk Register is to Chipping Camden (eighteenth reductions and regrouping of their develop about 40 hectares of water be welcomed in that it has now naval bases, the closure of many meadows for improving agriculture. been expanded to include century). South Gloucestershire: historic sites is making them Richard Talbot was the surveyor and Conservation Areas at risk. Brandy Bottom Colliery, available for transfer to civilian use. he only provided sluices at the river For the AIA’s West of England Pucklechurch (eighteenth/ Some countries are not interested in mouth to prevent sea water running Region (this is the government’s nineteenth century; scheduled, but their heritage, while others such as back into the canal. No means was South West Region minus Devon graded C). Somerset: Anglo Bavarian Sweden have a good system for provided for the passage of shipping and Cornwall), the Register provides Brewery, Shepton Mallet (late development. At home, English as no locks were built in the canal a valuable snapshot of the threats nineteenth century), Westonzoyland Heritage has done a lot of research which was roughly the size of the to many of the region’s major Drainage Pumping Station, and documentation but our Exeter Canal. industrial and transport sites and Sedgemoor (early nineteenth conservation only started in the The supply of clean water to buildings, i.e. those scheduled or century), Madey Mill, Martock 1960s. The USA has a different South Hampshire was Martin listed Grade I and II*. In the AIA’s (seventeenth century), Tone Mills, Gregory’s subject. Winchester’s South West Region, some 18 are system with their Community and Langford Budville (nineteenth Federal Authorities controlling the water supply of 1839 supplied about included, five of which are century) and Tonedale Mills, future uses. Dr Clark described 30 houses from wells to the west of scheduled. This represents about ten Wellington (early nineteenth various developments, some the city. Although enlarged in the per cent of the total listed buildings successful, others could have done 1850s, the company suffered severe at risk in the government region but century). better. She gave a comprehensive financial problems until the a much smaller proportion of those picture of various British sites and founding of the Winchester Water & scheduled, the majority of the latter

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —150 —11 NEWS PRIORITY F (REPAIR IN of historic gardens including the electrical switchgear panel relating through the pipes. This system rebuilding and interpretation of to a turbine at Stoate’s Mill, seems completely unrelated to any PROGRESS WITH END USE structural features within these Watchet. It is hope to add to this list other uses for the room and is the IDENTIFIED, OR landscaped areas. This work has a complete acetylene lighting plant subject of some speculation. A gas REDUNDANT WITH NEW been promoted by an active gardens still in situ in a house locally. plant at Hestercombe is unknown trust and the next phase involves The project, which has been and other suggestions are for a USE IDENTIFIED BUT NOT the renovations of the estate Lottery assisted, is underway and generator or a pump. No doubt AIA YET IMPLEMENTED) sawmill and associated workshops, building work for the visitor centre members can provide a solution to Bristol: Clifton Observatory (former generator and battery rooms as a involved removing the tiled flooring this mystery. eighteenth-century windmill tower). visitor centre. and concrete base of the generating Brian Murless & Derrick Warren Gloucestershire: Lydney Docks & Power for the sawmill room and battery house which had Harbour (1810-1821; scheduled, but machinery came from shafting off been subjected to a variety of farm NEDIAS: a new voice in graded F) and Railway Goods Shed, the ring gear of an overshot uses over many years. This revealed Stroud (1845). waterwheel, 11ft diameter by 4ft a system of cast-iron piping about Derbyshire wide overall, which was cast in the 9in below floor level which was As a more recent ‘new kid on the The addition of a section on Devonia Works of James Edward previously unknown to the builders block’ the North East Derbyshire Conservation Areas (CA) is to be Vanstone at Black Torrington, and not evidenced in the estate Industrial Archaeology Society commended but the indication that Devon, c1900. Arising from a survey archives. (NEDIAS) members were somewhat only two of Bristol City Council’s 33 of an estate workshop at Gerbeston The pipes have an interior surprised to hear of the demise of such areas are at risk has already Manor near Wellington in 1995, the diameter of 4in and are ½in thick the Nottinghamshire group. It generated some scepticism and Somerset Industrial Archaeology joined together by bolted flanges. seems to many of us that the concerned e-mails between Society (SIAS) was able to secure the The system seems to have disappearance of industry only members of this authority’s redundant machinery, lay shafting, commenced from a 10in square by serves to spark new interest and to Conservation Advisory Panel (CAP). etc there for display at 14in deep chamber which appears challenge local groups into On a brighter note, Gloucestershire’s Hestercombe. Alongside the also to have had a similar pipe fixed widening research and recording, to CA Appraisals are commended in surviving wheel is a Gilbert Gilkes vertically from it. After eight inches ensure that memories are not lost. the Register and their document for turbine installed by Chas. Louis Hett the exit pipe branched although NEDIAS, which is based in and the Stroud Industrial Heritage CA is of Brigg, Yorkshire for the only a short length of one branch around Chesterfield, itself was cited as exemplary. generation of electricity in 1887 has survived. The other curved formed only in the Millennium year, Many of the listed buildings and which will also be conserved. around to the west end of the brick and has been finding its feet. An monuments on the Register will be As part of the project, exhibition tailrace inspection pit where it went initial small group of interested well known to IA practitioners. But space will be available to illustrate down vertically to the tailrace amateurs got together to see these represent only the tip of the the various methods of lighting tunnel apparently terminating whether there was wider interest, pyramid. Grade II buildings are not large country houses during the late above the water-line. and now has approximately 60 included in this register or its nineteenth and early twentieth Unfortunately, no recording was members, with regular monthly predecessors and, as the recent centuries. SIAS has identified items undertaken at the time but SIAS has speakers meetings, a quarterly 12- South West Archaeological Research relevant to this theme and currently made a drawing from the salvaged page Newsletter, and has recently Framework (SWARF) publication in store is a dynamo manufactured piping. Near the branch each pipe started an occasional Journal for points out, industrial sites are under- in the Newton Electrical Works, had a weighted arm on a pivot longer articles and more detailed recorded in many of the region’s Taunton, a petrol-air gas protruding from the pipes; this research. Historic Environment Records Thermalume plant which lit a West possibly activated a flap to regulate The relatively small area of (HERs), often the first point of Somerset bungalow and a weighty the amount of whatever flowed North East Derbyshire was home to reference for local authority many famous names, almost all of archaeology officers when a which have closed, and covered development application is industries including coal, iron and registered. If the list, schedule and steel, pottery, coking, chemicals, oil HERs constitute what Donald extraction, glass, textiles, and heavy Rumsfeld, called the ‘known fabrication. Some of these are knowns’, there are major challenges represented in the last NEDIAS for AIA members in bringing the Journal No 2, which contained ‘known unknowns’ onto this record research papers on the Sheepbridge and to attempt to seek out what the Coal and Iron Company, on former US Defense (sic) Secretary surveying the traces of a sixteenth- famously called the ‘unknown century lead smelt mill at Lineacre, unknowns – the one’s we don’t on records of navvies working on know we don’t know’! the Dore & Chinley Railway, on the Mike Bone coking industry and on the infilling of the Bolsover rail tunnel. This is quite a wide subject base for this Hestercombe sawmill, 90-page edition. electric power and a One current activity of the mystery group is to document significant IA Hestercombe House in Somerset, sites in and around Chesterfield, and now on the outskirts of Taunton but complementing the excellent once one of the country seats of the Gazetteer on the area originally Portman family, is today well known Some unusual pipework discovered at Hestercombe in Somerset. What can this be? produced by Derbyshire for the recreation of several periods Drawing: Derrick Warren Archaeology Society and published

12 —INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —150 NEWS in 2000. This new project aims then outlined the formation of the simply to catalogue the surviving Trust and some of the many physical remains of the industrial activities which have taken place past in this area. There are no strict since its formation. Lord de Ramsay rules governing the types of sites to DL, President of the Association of be included, as we want to cover Drainage Authorities, who had also anything that might prove to be of presided over the commissioning of historical interest. So, if in doubt, we the electric drive in 1996, then err on the side of inclusion, and sites spoke in strong support of the may be of any age and of any size. activities at Stretham over the years, As a guideline, we will wish to which had stimulated a wider public include a site if (1) it is within the appreciation of land drainage Chesterfield Borough Council or history. It was essential for those North East Derbyshire District who lived in and around drained Council area, (2) there is physical areas to understand the historical evidence present when the site is context of current land drainage first included in the survey, and (3) it activities. David Noble, a Trustee, is of historical industrial interest in then presented Lord de Ramsey with the broadest sense. This includes an inscribed copy of Keith Hinde’s industrial buildings, evidence of excellent book Fenland Pumping mining and quarrying, transport Engines, which was well received. infrastructure, housing built for Finally, Edward Hinde, Engineer to industrial employees, and the Trust, outlined work in hand, commercial premises with an stressing the valuable input by industrial link such as brewery- unpaid volunteers, and plans for owned pubs. future work. The research is intended to be After an excellent buffet lunch, recorded as a living document, and arranged by Mrs Gill Hinde, visitors will be available on CD, a format then toured the site, guided by which will enable regular and Trustees. In addition to the steam painless update, based on more engine and scoopwheel, they visited recent feed-back and information. the preserved diesel engine which Stretham Engine House was erected in 1831 Photo: Peter Stanier Further details of this new survey took over from the ‘Old Engine’ in or of the NEDIAS Journal are 1925. This is a Mirrlees, Bickerton & available from [email protected]. Day 4 cylinder air blast injection engine. It was relegated to standby duties in 1947 and last worked in Stretham Engine Trust 1966. DOROTHEA celebrates Henry Gunston A well attended reception was held at the Stretham Old Engine on 20 IA in Nova Scotia RESTORATIONS April to celebrate the 50th Industrial Heritage Nova Scotia Anniversary of the Stretham Engine (IHNS) has recently launched a new LTD Trust: a landmark in Fenland initiative that will allow anyone Incorporating Ernest Hole (Engineers) of Sussex drainage history. The Butterley beam interested in the province’s steam engine and its associated industrial past to make a personal scoop wheel and plant were contribution to its preservation. The CONTRACTORS AND CONSULTANTS IN THE installed in 1831 to drain some Survey of the Industrial Archaeology CONSERVATION OF HISTORIC METALWORK, 5,600 acres of the Waterbeach Level of Nova Scotia (SIANS) aims to MACHINERY AND WIND/WATER MILLS near Cambridge. The scoop wheel is collect data on as many old 37ft 2in diameter by 2ft 6in wide. industrial sites as possible. While Recent contracts include designs for an atmospheric Until 1925 it was the sole drainage most major sites are well known, railway, and a replica steam locomotive, restoration of plant for the drainage district, and it countless others are overlooked 18C lead sculptures, repair and gilding of the Albert survived as a standby, last being because we are unaware of them. Memorial bronze decoration, conservation work on steamed in 1941. Interest in Anyone can help raise awareness by Turbinia, Lion, Sans Pareil and Locomotion, and even preserving the engine led to the sending in information about sites the restoration of an hydraulic catafalque! Newcomen Society forming a Trust they know about. This input is and securing a lease to it of the critical to the project’s success. Over 100 man years experience premises from the Waterbeach Level The SIANS database will give us Internal Drainage Board in 1959. a better understanding of the New Road, Whaley Bridge, via Stockport, Although it has not been possible to historical and engineering CNhoersthhireernSKW23or7kJGs:. Contact: Dave Hodgson steam the engine again, an electric importance of individual sites, and Tel: (01663) 733544 Fax: (01663) 734521 drive was commissioned in 1996 so of the development of particular that the engine mechanism can be industries in Nova Scotia. It will Riverside Business Park, St Annes Road, St. turned over for visitors. enable people to find and visit sites ASonuneths ePranrk,WBorirsktosl:, BS4 4ED. Contact: Geoff Wallis Keith Hinde OBE, Chairman of more easily, and it will become a Tel: (0117) 9715337 Fax: (0117) 9771677 the Trustees, welcomed visitors and useful tool in arguing for the

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —150 —13 NEWS preservation of threatened neck so it could be re-used many new Channel tunnel rail terminal. Leicester to Burton (East Midlands), industrial heritage. times without the need for a new She had yet more praise for cooling Bordon, Hythe and Ringwood Sites of interest like old mills, cork. When the bottle was filled towers, which ‘are even more (Hampshire), Fleetwood, creameries and manufacturing under gas pressure, the marble was fabulous creatures. Their hugeness, Rawtenstall and Skelmersdale plants dot the landscape of Nova forced into the lip where it formed 400ft or so, already approaches the (Lancashire), Ashington and Blyth Scotia and form an important part an airtight seal with an India rubber sublime.’ Not all though - she found (Northumberland), Cranleigh of our lives. The Sidney Tar Ponds are washer fitted in a groove. less favour with the ‘girdles of (Surrey), Washington (Tyne and an example of an industrial Coddoholics forum finicking detail’ around Sheffield’s Wear), and Aldridge and Brownhills landscape, as is the Starr http://codds.3.forumer.com Tinsley cooling towers, now (West Midlands). One can Manufacturing Plant in Dartmouth. demolished (see IA News 147, p16). immediately see problems in those There, the arrangement of workers Leeds and Florence: the places where abandoned lines have housing and their place of been built on or bridges demolished. tower connection France’s Great employment formed a unique Saltworks World cityscape, now sadly torn down. In In June the Black Dogs artistic Surrey group studies contrast, the Lunenburg waterfront collective (www.black-dogs.org) Heritage Site is an industrial landscape which has based in Leeds ran a series of events Alongside the good news about the more industrial past escaped destruction and is now a and guided walks celebrating the Pontcysyllte Aqueduct and Canal The Surrey Industrial History Group world heritage site and a major extraordinary towers at Tower (see feature article) UNESCO’s World is branching out. The group’s 34th tourist attraction. But other sites Works and the Holbeck Heritage Committee has added series of fortnightly evening important to our heritage are Conservation area. The pin maker France’s Great Saltworks of Salins- Industrial Archaeology Lectures start virtually unknown or recorded. As Col Thomas Harding opened the les-Bains as an extension to the site at the University of Surrey on 29 more sites get added to the Tower Works in 1864 and the first of Royal Saltworks of Arc-et-Senans, September. In addition SIHG will be database, awareness of the range of chimney was a copy of the twelfth- which was inscribed in 1982. This running morning lectures on the province’s industrial heritage century campanile of the Palazo del now becomes From Great Saltworks industrial history at the Leatherhead will grow accordingly. Comune in Verona. A larger of Salins-les-Bains to the Royal Institute, carrying on from a series To find out more, visit the chimney, to extract fine metal dust Saltworks of Arc-et-Senans. The run for many years by past chairman Industrial Heritage Nova Scotia from the works, was added by Great Saltworks of Salins-les-Bains, Gordon Knowles. For further website and click on the SIANS link: William Blackwell in 1899 and where brine has been extracted information contact Bob Bryson, Tel: www.industrialheritagens.ca. imitates Giotto’s Campanile at the since the Middle Ages if not earlier, 01483 302389 (Guildford course) or Duomo in Florence. Black Dogs has features three buildings above Ken Tythacott, Tel: 01372 452569 Ben Rylands glassworks produced an unusual large foldout ground: salt stores, the Amont well (Leatherhead course). Details are ‘Tower Walks’ leaflet, one side of also on the SIHG website: The original 1867 Ben Rylands building and a former dwelling. It is which is a guided tour around the www.sihg.org.uk. glassworks site at Stairfoot, linked to Claude-Nicolas Ledoux’s towers and industrial sites of Barnsley, South Yorkshire, has been Royal Saltworks of Arc-et-Senans Holbeck, Leeds, while the other side redeveloped. The works pioneered and bears testimony to the history Saltash bridge guides you around the medieval the manufacturing of Hiram Codd’s of salt extraction in France. towers and historic sites of Florence. celebrated patent glass stoppered mineral Waterside celebrations at Saltash water bottle in the 1870s. At the end A train near you once have marked the 150th anniversary of 2008 the site was undergoing Germaine Greer praises again? of I.K.Brunel’s Royal Albert Bridge preparation work for the building of the cooling tower A report by the Association of Train which took the railway from Devon a new old peoples care home when Germaine Greere’s Arts Comment in Operating Companies has called for to Cornwall and was officially the site manager allowed a group of The Guardian of 8 June 2009 was all a £500m expansion in the network opened on 2 May 1859. Network Codd enthusiasts access. The surface for saving Britain’s ‘fabulous cooling which includes reopening or Rail is to start restoration and had around 8 inches removed, in towers.’ She complained of the adapting old lines and stations to strengthening work on the bridge in which a few items were found widespread demolition of recent meet increasing demands. Now, 40 the summer of 2010. The bridge is to including, luckily, a six ounce industrial monuments, such as gas years since the infamous Beeching be cleaned and restored to its Rylands & Codd right on the holders, and had much to say about cuts, there are possibilities of lines original colour which should be surface! Of more interest was the the fate of the famous gas holders once again, for example, at Wisbech discovered beneath at least 30 coats revealing of the old No.1 flint at St Pancras which lost out to the (Cambridgeshire), Brixham (Devon), of paint. glasshouse. What was thought to be just a buried brick wall was to those in the know immediately recognisable as the curved Box office hit for IA structure of the foundation and The accompanying photograph, furnace flues of the original 1867 dated 15 October 2008, shows glasshouse. This was the very spot the AT&SF Railroad shops at where the 1873 trials were Albuquerque, New Mexico, now completed with Ben’s perfected redundant and in use from time groove tool that caused Hiram so to time as a film set. They feature many problems in those early Codd as the setting for parts of days. The site is now levelled and Terminator Salvation, released in topped with white limestone ready the UK in early June - and for building. possibly the only reason for The unique Codd bottle takes its viewing the film. name from the inventor and Photo: Neil Cossons patentee Hiram Codd. The bottle had a glass marble trapped in its

14 —INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —150 REGIONAL NEWS West of England was of similar scale to that In Bristol and Bath, in the former investigated by excavation at the County of Avon, redevelopment Lochrin Distillery in Edinburgh which agendas have recently featured IA appears in IA Review (Vol XXXI No sites that have come up before, 1) for May 2009. This article sometimes, on many occasions, as demonstrates the potential for this with the Stokes Croft Carriage sort of work in adding to our Works which is on English knowledge of industries that were Heritage’s 2009 Heritage at Risk once important but have Register. Two significant disappeared from the official record. developments in Bath and Bristol The current economic situation can be mentioned: plans for the has meant that Somerset IA Society future of Stothert & Pitt’s Newark members have had fewer planning Works site in Bath have been put on applications for the redevelopment hold as Sir James Dyson has now of industrial sites to scrutinise but decided not to build his design the downturn in housing school on this site. In Bristol, it has construction has had unforeseen been necessary to replace the pitch- consequences for two locations pine lock gates of the entrance lock previously featured in IA News. At Tonedale Mills, Wellington, ( IA News Eastland Road tannery, Yeovil, now in a sorry state with its top floor removed to the Cumberland Basin with Photo: Peter Stanier modern steel gates and to update 98 and 146) work on the conversion the old hydraulic system, all of the former 1860s spinning block awarded £80,000 by English responding to planning applications necessary for flood prevention. This was abruptly halted at a time when Heritage and £40,000 by South as to the degree to which a building year marks the 200th anniversary of part of the roofing and much of the Somerset District Council. These should be altered in order to be the opening of the Floating Harbour. fenestration had been removed. funds will permit basic onsite works adapted to a new use. In Taunton a A new book Bristol’s Floating SIAS has asked the local authority to and scaffolding has already been late Victorian collar factory is to be Harbour: the first 200 years by Peter consider an urgent works notice but erected. An initial development converted into workshops and at Malpass and Andy King has just because of the uncertainty of a date plan, prepared by architects, has Longaller Mill, Bishops Hull, the been published by the Redcliffe for recommencing the work a less been submitted which concludes existing nineteenth-century Press and the Bristol Threatened minimalist approach is the desired that further work such as allowing waterwheel is to be replaced by a History Society will hold a outcome with ideally emergency active exhibitions of the vintage modern wheel for the purposes of symposium on 19 September 2009, funding to fully weatherproof this machinery and the provision of electrical generation. Although both with guided boat trips of the Grade II* building. On a more offices, toilets and a car parking buildings are protected, SIAS felt harbour in the afternoon. positive note, at the Tone Works, the area will amount to a final cost for that the applications, for various A recent development former woollen finishing complex, the scheme of around £1 million. reasons, were less than satisfactory application for a seemingly there has been a further move At Bridgwater, Castle House, the and wrote submissions expressing nondescript property on Jacob’s towards the conservation and reuse idiosyncratic mid-nineteenth objections to Taunton Deane Wells Road in Bristol, was brought of the historic machinery (still in century building with early elements Borough Council, with which it is a to the Conservation Advisory Panel situ) by the formation of a board of of cement and concrete in its non-statutory consultee. In both as part of a conservation area and trustees on which SIAS has a construction, may at long last have cases the society’s comments were provides an interesting example of representative. But the funding a secure future. SAVE Britain’s noted and reflected in the planning bringing one of the ‘unknown element through enabling a new Heritage has received £110,000 constraints which accompanied the unknowns’ into the public arena. build, housing development on an from English Heritage towards the decisions of conditional approval. The archaeological desktop which adjacent site makes a future cost of scaffolding and an architect SIAS has also been actively accompanied it briefly mentions a timetable somewhat problematic. to draw up plans for conversion involved in plans to renovate the former brewery on the site but The Eastland Road Tannery, to housing. It is hoped that estate sawmill and electric unpublished research provides some Yeovil, ( IA News 139) has had a negotiations with Sedgemoor generator plant at Hestercombe detailed evidence of the nature of worse fate, the roof and louvered District Council over an adjacent House near Taunton, which is this concern, the Clifton Genuine first floor section being removed plot of land, the acquisition of which reported in detail elsewhere in this Beer Brewery, and its association following safety concerns with would improve the viability of the issue of IA News. with the leading radical politician of elements of the structure that were scheme, will have a favourable In Wiltshire, the recession has the day, Henry ‘Orator’ Hunt, best leaning out towards the road. The conclusion. caused Lafarge Cement to mothball known for his contribution to the remaining walls are braced. The The eighteenth-century Ashton the Westbury cement factory, unrest that preceded the important conversion scheme to dwellings that Windmill at Chapel Allerton near although it will continue in use as a 1832 Reform Act. There is also was unfortunately granted Wedmore has been restored to its depot. This major landmark or blot evidence for a large grain distillery permission (to which SIAS and the original appearance by Cotswold beneath the famous Westbury White on or near this site with two ‘fire district council’s own conservation Millwright Ltd, funded by its owner Horse on the northern escarpment engines’, one to pump water for a department had both objected) Sedgemoor District Council with a of Salisbury Plain was opened in waterwheel and the other to assist should ensure that the roof will be grant from the Society for the 1962 so perhaps qualifies to be with the distillery processes. It is reconstructed though the character Preservation of Ancient Buildings ‘industrial archaeology’. With the hoped that, by bringing this and setting of the buildings have (Mills Section). In May 2007 one of capacity to make 700,000 tonnes of information into the planning been irretrievably damaged. the sails had broken off in high cement a year, the factory employed process, some remains of one of In May the Coker Rope and Sail winds and the others were in poor over 130 people at its peak. Bristol’s lost industries might be Trust, set up with the aim of condition so the decision was taken Meanwhile, after stagnation at the uncovered if and when the preserving and restoring the listed to replace all four sails. site since 1992, developers have at development proceeds. Auction Dawes Twineworks at West Coker, Like other IA societies, SIAS last demolished the unlisted details of this site suggest that it announced that it had been often faces dilemmas when buildings at Kingston Mills,

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —150 —15 REGIONAL NEWS

Tonedale Mills spinning block: cause for concern Photo: SIAS Archive Weymouth’s Harbour Tramway could be revived for the Olympic sailing events in 2012. It is seen here with a boat train in 1976 Photo: Jude James

Bradford-on-Avon. They included There is railway-related news 30 years to reinstate the line. The Stanley Dock, past the Pier Head some much altered weaving sheds from Dorset. History was made on 1 event was organised by UK Railtours and into Albert Dock. At a cost of and constructions dating from the April when ‘The Purbeck Pioneer’ and the train hauled by a DB £22million, this has involved mid nineteenth entury associated became the first passenger train to Schenker Class 66 diesel locomotive construction of two new locks as with the Spencer Moulton rubber run from London to Swanage in 37 from Victoria Station was greeted by well as the re-opening of four locks works: the New Mills buildings, years. British Rail closed the crowds waiting at Swanage. On 2 on the Stanley Dock branch of the the concrete Lamb building of about Swanage branch in 1972 and pulled May the north Dorset town of canal. However, as photographs 1916 and the gatehouse in Kingston up the 7 miles of track between Gillingham celebrated the 150th show, the great Stanley Dock Road. The only surviving pillbox in Swanage and Furzebrook in as anniversary of the opening coming tobacco warehouse is still in the Devizes is being put forward for many weeks. Volunteers of the of the Salisbury & Yeovil Railway, same empty state that we reported listing. Swanage Railway Trust have taken part of the L&SWR line from on in 2005. Waterloo to Exeter. The railway had Meanwhile, in Cheshire the a lasting effect on Gillingham and Anson Engine Museum has been encouraged new industries. A quietly making progress, with two display in Gillingham Museum major additions this year. Just before includes the elaborately carved Easter they took delivery of a replica ceremonial wheelbarrow and silver of Rudolf Diesel’s first engine (the spade used by Miss Seymour who original is in the Deutsches cut the railway’s first turf near the Museum, Munich) that was built for town in 1856. Work is progressing MAN Truck & Bus last year for the on a project at Shillingstone on the 150th anniversary of Rudolf Diesel’s much lamented Somerset & Dorset birth. It now stands alongside the Joint Railway, where the old station first British built diesel by Mirlees. building has been restored to good Although primarily a museum of condition. It was opened by the internal combustion engines, the Dorset Central Railway in 1863 and other major addition this year is that is the only station of that company the S.S.Stott steam engine from to survive. The locomotive ‘Morning Albion Mill, Hazel Grove, Cheshire, Star’ is on site in a partially restored has been rebuilt and should be in condition. Lastly, the disused steam in time for the Three Shires Weymouth Harbour Tramway of Textile Festival, 4-19 July 2009. The 1865 which runs down the centre of Three Shires of this Festival are the streets from Weymouth station Cheshire, Staffordshire and to the terminal for Channel Islands Derbyshire. Although primarily an and Cherbourg ferries could become arts festival, there were other events a light railway to carry spectators for of interest to IA News readers, the 2012 Olympics sailing events. including visits to two surviving Mike Bone and Brian Murless textile businesses, R.A.Smart at Bollington, Cheshire, who Jacquard- weave silks in addition to printing a North West England wide range of textiles, and In Liverpool there was an official Berrisfords at Congleton who weave opening on the 25 March 2009, in ribbons. not the best of weather and with The Manchester Region much hyperbole from the politicians, Industrial Archaeology Society of the new extension of the Leeds & visited James Thornber at Holmes The sails of Somerset’s Ashton Mill have been restored recently Photo: Peter Stanier Liverpool Canal to take boats from Mill, Clitheroe, in May, one of the

16 —INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —150 REGIONAL NEWS few surviving weavers in Lancashire. more than Golden Shred, but the Still a family owned business they rest of their range of jams has been were established here in 1906, but dropped, leaving Golden Shred as a the mills themselves date back to meaningless brand name; the last the 1820s, the original spinning mill time I brought a jar of Golden Shred now being used for warehousing. I felt it had less shred in it and that The weaving shed, dating from the it did not spread on my toast as well 1850s but much rebuilt, houses as it used to do. But of course it had modern Dornier rapier looms, 44 never been the same since they with Jacquards and 18 with dobbies. dropped the famous golly in 2002, Elsewhere in Lancashire news is which had come under scrutiny from not so good with three mills lost the political correctness police, but through fires, two over the same for those who are not squeamish weekend. A large part of Woodfield about such things a website Mill in Burnley was destroyed on (www.gollycorner.co.uk) is devoted Friday night, 21 November 2008, the collection of Robertson’s golly while St.Pauls Mill at Hoddlesden brooches. near Darwen was destroyed the The huge change in economic following night. The latter is the conditions affecting the housing most serious loss, being a weaving market in particular has meant that mill dating from 1861 and few some of the regeneration projects weaving sheds survive from this mentioned in previous reports have early date. A fire which started on stalled. At the Royal Oak Brewery the evening of 21 April 2009 almost site in Stockport mentioned in the totally destroyed Maple No.2 Mill at 2007 report, just the brewery tower Oldham, leaving just the tower and has been left standing following rope race standing plus, rather demolition of other buildings oddly, the dust flue on the opposite including the Mineral Water corner. Although press reports said Manufactory, but no further work the mill was over 100 years old it has been done. Again at the Cheadle was not in fact built until 1915, Bleachworks site, mentioned in last being one of the last mills in year’s report, most of the site has Oldham, having reinforced concrete been demolished as planned and floors and was designed by Sidney some foundation work for the new Stott. buildings started. Work has now Another ancient landmark was ceased, but not before the for both commercial and residential sub-station at Park Bridge removed from Lancashire in October contractors had pulled out one of units. This followed purchase by the Ironworks, Ashton-under-Lyne. In 2008 when new owners Premier the water wheels and thrown it into Burnley Council, helped by the the centre of Manchester they have Foods took the production of a skip, contrary to the instructions of Northwest Development Agency, of continued excavation of workers Robertson’s Golden Shred the County Archaeologist. However, property including the famous Slater housing, at Pump Street and Hilton marmalade from Droylesden, in some people still have ambitions Terrace previously owned by Street, the latter including the Manchester, where it has been since since at the end of May a developer Hurstwood Properties whose engine house for a hat works. 1890, to Histon in Cambridgeshire. unveiled plans for the Burnley development plans had come to However, this will be the last report Not as bad as China, but almost as Weavers’ Triangle area with a nothing. Some rather different from UMAU because the unit is bad from a Lancastrian viewpoint. development on the derelict Clock development proposals come from closing from the 31 July 2009. The Of course Robertsons produced Tower and George Street Mill sites Bolton where plans have been director of the Unit is Mike Nevell, submitted to convert Egyptian Mill, the AIA’s Endangered Sites Officer, off Halliwell Road, into an Islamic who gave the 2005 Rolt Memorial residential college for girls, while Lecture. The Unit has worked closely Springside Paper Mill, south-east of with the Manchester Region Belmont, which was working until Industrial Archaeology Society and recently, has been chosen by the was involved in planning of the AIA Government as the site for a 1500 Conferences in Manchester in 2000 inmate capacity prison. and Preston in 2007 so its closure is The University of Manchester a serious blow to industrial Archaeology Unit (UMAU) report archaeology in the North West. that over the past year they have UMAU also used to work closely been involved with excavation at with the office of the Greater Dicconson Mill, Wigan, a late Manchester County Archaeologist, eighteenth to early twentieth known rather confusingly as the century combined cotton mill site Greater Manchester Archaeology with water and steam power. Other Unit, which will remain at the industrial sites surveyed include University for the time being. Tack Lee Works in Rochdale, Bath The closure of UMAU is part of a Cheadle Bleachworks, Cheadle, Cheshire, after the developers had ceased work on the site. Vale Finishing Works, near more general retreat, caused by The new development was to incorporate the chimney stump and parts of the original Congleton, Cheshire and, moving to changes in Government funding, buildings seen here Photo: Roger N Holden more recent industry, an electrical from public and community

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —150 —17 REGIONAL NEWS

The remains of Maple No. 2 Mill, Oldham, after the fire of 21 April 2009. No. 1 Mill to the Robertsons Jam Factory, Ashton Hill Lane, Droylesden, Manchester. The original works of left is still intact Photo: Roger N Holden 1890 had become surrounded by later additions and by the time of this photograph (25 April 2009) demolition of more recent parts of the factory to the rear had already started Photo: Roger N Holden engagement by the University with built a glider which was launched On 9 May 2009 at the Wey & railway in December 2007, one of the Courses for the Public unit also from the South Downs above Arun Canal, the formal opening took the UK’s earliest pre-stressed closing from this summer; whatever Amberley. It was piloted by the 16- place of the waterway under concrete structures faces happened to New Labour’s slogan year-old Eric Gordon England and, Loxwood High Street. This required demolition. This is a one-kilometre of ‘life-long learning’? This used to although not the first flight, on this the complete rebuilding of the long 118-span viaduct, built in the be the Extra-Mural Department, occasion the glider rose above its bridge and lowering of the 1920s, at the Sittingbourne end. The which in the 1970s was headed by launch point by some 40 feet and waterway beneath it to give owners wish to demolish it to build Owen Ashmore, a pioneer of landed in the valley after a flight sufficient headroom, which in turn a shopping centre. Efforts are being industrial archaeology in the North time of 59 seconds. This is generally required the lowering of the water made to secure listing for the West. The University says that there accepted as the first time a glider level in Brewhurst Lock and building structure and save the railway. The has been declining demand for was recorded as gaining height, a new lock beyond the bridge to Finnish owners have however these courses, that Government thus demonstrating the possibility restore the water to its original recently donated a mile of line in the funding is now focused on of soaring flight. England remained level. The project cost £1.8m, which middle of the route to the volunteer professional development and associated with aviation as a test- made it one of the largest and most group concerned with preservation executive education, and it will pilot and designer, and founded a expensive undertaken by a of the line. continue its tradition of company that manufactured racing- volunteer canal trust. On the same A gantry crane from the Thames engagement with the public in car chassis based on the Austin 7 day a new electric boat, capable of Ditton Statue Foundry was an others ways. and other cars. Although the carrying 60 passengers, was named exhibit at the Rural Life Centre, Roger N. Holden company failed in the recession in Wiggonholt. It is named after the Tilford, near Farnham, for many 1930, he continued to be active in Wiggonholt Association, an years, having been rescued when aviation and gliding. organisation dedicated to the the foundry building was South East England Brooklands Museum’s Vickers preservation of rural Sussex, and demolished in 1975. Space By the time AIA members read this Vimy replica flew over the bay at which donated £80,000 towards its limitations at the museum, which is issue of IA News, the 100th Clifden, Galway, as the finale of the cost. It joins two other boats primarily for items of countryside anniversary of Louis Bleriot’s flight Connemara Air Show, to mark the operating on the canal. interest, have led to the crane being from Calais to Dover on 25 July 90th anniversary of Alcock and The Basingstoke Canal removed to a private collection at 1909 in an aeroplane of his own Brown’s pioneering transatlantic Authority was obliged to close the Manningtree, Essex. The crane dates design should have been flight from Newfoundland in June Deepcut flight of fourteen locks from the building of the foundry in commemorated by a weekend of 1919. The Vimy returned to England from 22 June because of structural about 1874, and has wooden celebrations at Dover on 25 and 26 on 15 June from Galway Airport, problems. Funds for repair are very traverse beams, which are now in a July 2009. The planned events flying over Brooklands on its way to tight and no date has been given for somewhat decayed state. The crab, included a recreation of the flight by Duxford, where it will remain until re-opening. The remainder of the rails and other metal parts are of four reproductions of the Bleriot November 2009 when it will be canal remains open. cast and wrought iron. The foundry machine and by numerous light retired to Brooklands as a At the Twyford waterworks near cast bronze statues and other aircraft, as well as other displays permanent ‘live exhibit’. Winchester restoration of the boilers memorials until 1939. There are and flights taking place on and Work on the extension of the is proceeding, involving asbestos many examples of its work around along the sea front at Dover. The Bluebell Railway to connect with removal, structural repairs and the country, the most notable being event also commemorates the first Network Rail at East Grinstead is replacement of the brickwork, so the statue of the Duke of Cambridge crossing of the Channel between progressing. The infill has now been that the Hathorn Davey triple- in Whitehall and the Quadriga Calais and Dover in a hovercraft by removed to beyond the Imberhorne expansion engine may be brought standing on the arch near Hyde Park Sir Christopher Cockerell. Lane bridge, and a second phase of back into steam. This is perhaps a Corner - perhaps the largest statue Another aviation centenary was rubbish clearance will follow. At the unique project, in that most made by an English foundry, celebrated at the Southdown moment work is concentrated on preserved engines do not use their weighing 38 tons. There are many Gliding Club at Parham airfield near the East Grinstead station site. A original boilers. memorial statues and plaques for Pulborough by a ‘Weiss Centenary connection there to Network Rail Following the closure of the the Great War. Day’ on 27 June. Weiss designed and has already been made. Sittingbourne and Kemsley light Alan Thomas

18 —INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —150 PUBLICATIONS Local Society and other periodicals received Brentford Dock and Railway, by Diana Willment, Dandelion Publications, Brentford, 2009. 95pp, 43 illus. ISBN 978-0-9540590-5-7. £7.50. Abstracts will appear in Industrial Archaeology Review. There is a local tradition that I.K. Brunel built Brentford Dock and Railway, although this is apparently not mentioned in literature on the great Brewery History Society Newsletter, 45 engineer. It would seem that he did the designs but he was too preoccupied Bristol Industrial Archaeological Society Bulletin, 126, Spring 2009 with other matters in the 1850s to be closely concerned with the work. He Bristol Industrial Archaeological Society Journal, 41, 2008 was already a sick man when the dock was opened as the Great Western Dorset Industrial Archaeology Society Newsletter, No.24, May 2009 Dock on 15 July 1859, exactly two months before his death. The project succeeded in bringing a line from the GWR at Southall to this transhipment Greater London IA Society Newsletter, 241, April 2009, 242, June 2009 dock on the Thames, giving access by lighter to London’s riverside docks and Hampshire IA Society Focus on Industrial Archaeology, 72, June 2009 elsewhere. The book outlines the planning and construction, the working life Hampshire IA Society Journal, No.17, 2009 and final decline. Local cargoes included coal tipped from rail wagons into Hampshire Mills Group Newsletter, 85, Summer 2009 barges for the short journey to Brentford Gas Works, while more exotic Histelec News: Newsletter of the South Western Electricity imported goods were brought up river to the dock. A huge 40-ton crane of Historical Society, 41, April 2009 1905 worked here but subsidence caused its demise in 1961 when the dock Historic Gas Times, 59, June 2009 was very run down. It closed in 1964 and was later acquired for residential ICE Panel for Historical Engineering Works Newsletter, 120, and marina developments. December 2008 ISSES Contact: Newsletter of the International Stationary Steam Camden Railway Heritage Trail: Primrose Hill to Camden Lock and Engine Society, September 2008 Chalk Farm, by Peter Darley (ed.) Camden Railway Heritage Trust, 2009. Manchester Region Industrial Archaeology Society Newsletter, 127, 18pp, 26 illus. £2.99, available from Peter Darley, 21 Oppidans Road, London February 2009 NW3 3AG. Merseyside Industrial heritage Society, 294, June 2009 A handy, all-colour booklet guides the reader around a small area of Museum of Bath at Work Newsletter, Spring 2009 London rich in IA sites including the Primrose Hill tunnel portals, Camden Midland Wind and Water Mills Group Newsletter, 93, April 2009 Roundhouse, Fiztroy Bridge, Camden Goods Depot, Regent’s Canal, Camden Northamptonshire Industrial Archaeology Group Newsletter, 110, Lock, stationary winding engine vaults, the ‘Camden catacombs’ and the Spring 2009 Horse Hospital. A long-term project is to link heritage sites to create a walk through the social and industrial past, with an associated aim of restoring North East Derbyshire IA Society Newsletter, 34, May 2009 and preserving the sites and providing public access and information. It is a Piers: the Journal of the National Piers Society, 90, Winter 2008/9 major potential educational resource for school history projects. The 2-mile Scottish Industrial Heritage Society Bulletin, 51, June 2009 trail also crosses some of London’s most vibrant attractions. Search: the Bulletin of the South Wiltshire Industrial Archaeology Society, 89, March 2009 Book news Suffolk Industrial Archaeology Society Newsletter, 104, February 2009 The Harveys of Hayle Surrey Industrial History Group Newsletter, 169, May 2009 The Trevithick Society is to publish a revised edition of Edmund Vale’s Sussex Industrial Archaeology Society Newsletter, 141, January 2009 seminal volume The Harveys of Hayle. This history of the great Cornish Sussex Mills Group Newsletter, 141, January 2009 engineering dynasty and its enterprises has long been unavailable since it TICCIH Bulletin first appeared in 1966. This new edition will incorporate additional material Trevithick Society Newsletter, 142, December 2008 on the family and company, including the years up to final closure, surviving Triple News: Newsletter of the Kempton Great Engines Society, 38, products of the foundry and what remains at Hayle today. Due for Winter 2008/9 publication in October, the large format paperback of 370 pages will be The Vision: Newsletter of the Friends of Newport Transporter available at £19.99, with 100 limited hardback editions at £35.99. The Bridge, 4/08 Winter 2008 Society’s books are distributed by Tor Mark, United Downs, St. Day, Redruth, WaterWords: News from the Waterworks Museum, Hereford, Cornwall, TR16 5HY, whose retail arm, Willow Books operates from the same Welsh Mines Society Newsletter, 59, Autumn 2008 address (Tel: 01209 822011, website www.willowbooks.co.uk). Yorkshire Archaeological Society Industrial History Section Newsletter, 76, Late Spring 2009 Yorkshire History Quarterly, 13/3 Winter 2008

Short Notices

Black Avalanche: The Knockshinnoch Pit Disaster, by Arthur & Mary Sellwood, Amberley Publishing, Stroud, 2009. 128pp, 15 illus. ISBN 978-1- 84868-245-0. £14.99. In September 1950 a bizarre disaster overtook Knockshinnoch Castle Colliery near New Cumnock in Ayrshire when torrential rain caused a field of peat to collapse and send a deluge of sludge down into the mine. Despite the deaths, one of the greatest and most complex mine rescues of all time succeeded in rescuing 116 men and two George Medals were awarded for heroism. This book, first published in 1960, tells the truth behind the pit disaster, following the lives of the colliery worker and the effects of the tragedy on their livelihoods. The book details each stage of the rescue and reports the reactions of those trapped underground. It also illustrates how peril and tragedy can unite people regardless of their class, age or gender.

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —150 —19 DIARY

3O AUGUST- 5 SEPTEMBER 10 SEPTEMBER 2009 5-8 NOVEMBER 2009 2009 STONE QUARRY ARCHAEOLOGY OF BRIDGES Information for the diary TICCIH 14TH CONGRESS: LANDSCAPES at Regensburg, Germany, this INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE, at Dillington House, Somerset, a day international congress aims to should be sent directly to the ECOLOGY AND ECONOMY school on the IA of stone quarries in provide a discussion forum for the Editor as soon as it is at Freiberg, Germany. Details from the west country, with a visit to Ham identification of locations, available. Dates of mailing Congress Secretary’s Office TICCIH Hill. Details from Dillington House, development and construction and last dates for receipt of 2009, IWTG – TU Bergakademie Ilminster, Somerset TA19 9DT, 01460 principles of bridges in different copy are given below. Items Freiberg, D-09596 Freiberg, 52426, Web: www.dillington.com regions and countries, from Germany. Fax: 0049-3731-392832, prehistory to the beginning of the will normally appear in E-mail: [email protected]. 3 OCTOBER 2009 EMIAC 78: TRAMS IN THE nineteenth century, based on successive issues up to the Website: www.ticcih2009.de. LIMELIGHT archaeological and historical date of the event. Please 4-10 SEPTEMBER 2009 at the National Tramway Museum, research. For further information ensure details are sent in if send an e-mail to bridges2009@t- AIA ANNUAL CONFERENCE Crich, EMIAC 78 is hosted by the you wish your event to be at the University of Lincoln, the AIA’s East Midlands Branch of the Railway online.de. advised. annual conference, followed by field & Canal Historical Society in 7 NOVEMBER 2009 visits and evening lectures after the conjunction with the National WILTSHIRE IA SYMPOSIUM More Diary Dates can be weekend. See the AIA website for Tramway Museum. Lectures on Cliff at the Wharf Theatre, Devizes, found on the AIA website at more details. Quarry, the Tramway Museum and symposium including fibre matting, East Midlands tramways, followed www.industrial- 22-27 SEPTEMBER 2009 railways, secret underground cities, ACROSS THE NORTH SEA: by guided tours of the museum and airfields and brickmaking. For archaeology.co.uk LATER HISTORICAL workshops. Numbers are limited. For details write to IA Symposium, ARCHAEOLOGY IN BRITAIN details send SAE to EMIAC 78, 141 Wiltshire Heritage Museum, 40-41 AND DENMARK 1500-2000 Allestree Lane, Allestree, Derby Long Street, Devizes, Wilts SN10 AD DE22 2PG. 1NS, Tel: 01380 727369, or Email: at Odense and Copenhagen. [email protected]. Advance notice only. See the AIA website for more details.

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS (formerly AIA Bulletin ISSN 0309-0051) ISSN 1354-1455

Editor: Dr Peter Stanier

Published by the Association for Industrial Archaeology. Contributions should be sent to the Editor, Dr Peter Stanier, 49 Breach Lane, Shaftesbury, Dorset SP7 8LF. News and press releases may be sent to the Editor or the appropriate AIA Regional Correspondents. The Editor may be telephoned on 01747 854707 or e-mail: [email protected].

Final copy dates are as follows:

1 January for February mailing 1 April for May mailing 1 July for August mailing 1 October for November mailing

The AIA was established in 1973 to promote the study of Industrial Archaeology and encourage improved standards of recording, research, conservation and publication. It aims to assist and support regional and specialist survey groups and bodies involved in the preservation of industrial monuments, to represent the interests of Industrial Archaeology at national level, to hold conferences and seminars and to publish the results of research. The AIA publishes an annual Review and quarterly News bulletin. Further details may be obtained from the Liaison Officer, AIA Liaison Office, The Ironbridge Institute, Ironbridge Gorge Museum, Coalbrookdale, Telford TF8 7DX. Tel: 01325 359846.

Cool praise. The Ironbridge power station cooling towers, seen from Coalbrookdale. Will we be fighting to save this familar scene one The views expressed in this bulletin are day? See inside, page 14 not necessarily those of the Association Photo: AIA for Industrial Archaeology.

20 —© Association for Industrial Archaeology, August 2009 Registered in England under the Companies Act 1948 (No. 1326854) and the Charities Act 1960 (No. 277511) Registered office: c/o IGMT, Coach Road, Coalbrookdale, Telford, Shropshire TF8 7DQ Produced by TBC Print Services Limited, Blandford Forum, Dorset DT11 8ST