INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY

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Copperas o Devon conference o Arty gasholders o Dubrovnik regional news o current research o Cruquius o limeworks o beer conference tr**tt\ Copperas, the first maior chemical industry in

4TS Tim Allen Constantinople to the Turks in 1 453, the Genoese INDUSTRIAL returned to ltaly and re-established the industry at From 1995 onward1 an extraotdinary array of Tolfa under Papal monopoly. ARCI{AEOLOGY timber posts set in bright red-orange mortar was The Whitstable copperas industry revolved exposed by marine erosion on the Tankerton around the production of fenous sulphate, known NEWS 108 foreshore atWhitstable, . ln 1997, Canterbury as 'copperas'and 'green vitriol' but confusingly, Spring 1999 Archaeological Trust began a two-year also identified by the generic terms 'alum' and investigation to identify these remains. Some of 'brimstone', the latter denoting sulphur or sulphur- the remains were identified as part of a late rich materials. Copperas was produced from fenous President sixteenth/seventeenth-century copperas works, disulphide (iron pyrite), othenrvise'copperas stones' Dr Michael Harrison 19 Sandles Close, The Ridings, Droitwich Spa WR9 8RB evidence of perhaps the first major chemical or'gold stones'. The pyrite occurs as nodules within industry to be established in England. lt later London Clay, an Eocene deposit ubiquitous in the Vice-President Dr Marilyn Palmer became clear that the southern copperas industry Thames Basin. Copperas works therefore School of Archaeological Studies, The University, Leicester had played a prominent and previously proliferated around the Thames estuary, especially LE1 7RH unsuspected role in the industrialisation of the on the Essex and north Kent coasts, where the Treasurel national economy from the late sixteenth to the nodules are washed out by the action of the sea. Michael Messenger late eighteenth centuries and that no Production was also established where pyrite 144 Lake Road East Roath Pa*, CardiffCF2 5NQ comprehensive history for this industry had occurs on the coasts of Hampshire, the lsle of Wight Secretary previously been conpiled. Consequently, its and Dorset. In the latter case, pyrite was mined Paul Sillitoe economic importance and its complex relation with from deposits of the Bagshot and Bracklesham 4l Victoria Road, Wednesfield, Wolverhampton WVl1 IRV the sixteenth/seventeenth-century immigrations Beds, near Bournemouth. from the Low Country have not previously been Copperas was produced by a long, noxious and lA Review Editors Peter Neaverson and Dr Marilyn Palmer recognised. Nor has the industry's role as the basis dangerous process involving hundreds of gallons School of Archaeological Studies, The University, Leicester for the modern chenical and pharmaceutical of boiling liquid containing sulphuric acid. LE1 7RH industries received sufficient recognition. The Evocatively, lhe Kentish iazette rcpofted in I 788 lA Nervs Editor Canterbury Archaeological Trust's work won the that '... as John Wellard, one of the men who work Dr Peter Stanier AIA's Fieldwork and Recording Award for 1998, at the copperas houses at Whitstable, was assisting 49 Breach Lane, Shaftesbury Do6et 5P7 8LF as reported in lA News 107 , pp8-9. A fuller report in running the copperas ink coolers, he Conference Secretary is planned forlA Review. unfortunately slipped in up to the breast...in 24 Janet Graham in hours after, 107 Haddenham Road. Leicester LE3 28G hours a mortification ensued and two Copperas is a vitriol (a metal/sulphate, generally he expired.' Aff iliated Societies Off icer termed 'alumen'in antiquity), the production and The principal importance of copperas was as Gordon Knowles 7 Squirrels Green, Great Bookham, Leatherhead, Suney uses of which were known to the ancients. Vitriols a dye fixative for woollens. Thus, copperas was KT23 3TE are described by Herodotus and Pliny and by greatly in demand as long as woollens dominated

Sales Officer medieval authors, with the Spanish Moor Jabir-ibn- the English export trade. lt was also used Roger Ford Hayyan (AD721-81 5) distinguishing between green extensively in the embryonic chemical and Bam Cottage, Bridge Street Bridgenorth, 5hropshire vitriol (ferrous sulphate) and blue vitriol (copper pharmaceutical industries and for many other WV15 6AF sulphate). By the fourteenth century, vitriol purposes (tanning, the manufacture of printer's ink, Publicity Officel production was centred in Asia Minor and as a black dye, as sheep dip), all of which increased Anne Alderton by a Genoese syndicate. the produce 48 Quay Street Halesworth, lPl9 8EY controlled With fall of its value. Pyrite may have been used to

Fieldwork and Recording Award fficer Shane Gould Archaeology Advisory Group, Planning, Essex County Council, County Hall, Chelmsford, Essex CM1 I [F

Honorary Vice-Presidents Prof Angus Buchanan Sir Neil Cossons John Hume Stuart B. Smith

Council Members Dr V. Beauchamp Dr R. J. M, Carr M. Coulter (co-opted) J. Crompton D. Eve (co-opted) G. Knowles H. Malaws (co-opted) A. Parkes J. Powell P. Saulter (co-opted) S. Warburton C. Whittaker T. & M. Yoward (co-opted)

Liaison fficer lsabel Wilson AIA 0ffice, School of Archaeological Studies, University of Leicester, Leicester [E1 7RH. t 01162525337, Fax: 0115 252 5005, e-mail: [email protected]

COVER PICTURE

All aboard forthe Lynton-Lynmouth cliff railway (see AIA conference repoft' page 4) The Tankefton site from the south, showing copperas bed and triangularly-arranged jetty supports. Note sea beyond. photo: M Harrison Photo: T Allen, Canterbury Archaeological Trust

2 INDUSTRIALARiHAEoLoGYNEWS I08 sulphur for early gunpowder production in During the subsequent 20 days of boiling, 1',500 Faversham (c.1 573), ten miles west of Whitstable. lbs of scrap iron and further liquor was added, the lf so, it would probably have been produced via a latter to make up loss by evaporatation. method of dry distillation under heat, discovered When sufficiently concentrated, the liquor was by Christopher Saunders in 1 570. drained into a 'coolel . Two Tankerton coolers The main use of copperas in the early chemical measured 29 feet long by 6 feet 5 inches wide. industry was for the production of sulphuric acid There, the solution was left for about two weeks, and, after 1774, Ior chlorine and chlorine when the copperas began to crystallise on the derivatives, all used in the textile industry. The cooler's inner surface (bundles of twigs were often demand for copperas-derived sulphuric acid grew placed in the coolers to increase the surface area). as the Industrial Revolution increasingly After the remaining solution was channelled into 'galvanised'the economy. As Leibig famously said a second cooler for reprocessing, the crystallised '...we mayfairly judge of the commercial prosperity copperas was collected, re-heated to melting point, of a country from the amount of sulphuric acid it and ooured into moulds to make cakes suitable consumes.' However, in 1825, the price of Sicilian for transport in banels. sulphur was enormously reduced, this favouring Copperas production was a major investment Roebuck's lead-chamber method for sulphuric acid requiring considerable capital outlay for plant and production and dealing a death blow to the already raw materials. Initially, Stevenson probably lacked moribund southern copperas industry. Previously, such capital because, despite receiving the customers had been happy to pay a premium for Whitstable patent in 1565, he only began purer, production there in 1588, presumably using profits the copperas-derived sulphur. Detail of shelving side of copperas bed years, Before the Reformation, the vitriol trade was from the Canford Works. Within 50 another Photo: T Allen, Canterbury Archaeological Trust controlled under Papal monopoly, with the market five works were established in Whitstable. confined by the Apostolic Chamber to Antwerp, The two earliest Whitstable works. which were The second description states: the great textile entrepOt of Northern Europe. situated on the coastal flats, were lost to marine Antwerp, as part of the Spanish Empire, was also encroachment within 50 years. Later works were 'and also without and near adjoining to the said subject to increasing economic control by the built on higher ground on and above the Tankerton Copperas house within the said small Parcell of Spanish Crown, further damaging English trade Slopes overlooking the flats but the ten 'copperas' Land Three Bedds or Pannells made of Gold Stones, interests. In response, a search for a domestic buildings shown cartographically on the Slopes in Sulphur Stones, Marquesette Copperas Stones or supply of copperas was initiated by Henry Vlll, but 1770 had dwindled to one by 1835. Stones whereof Copperas is made...' (1 745) came nothing. Only when nascent The excavation exposed the remains of three this to Other archaeological remains in the form of a nationalism and Reformation weakened the copperas beds conforming in structure with a the rough chalk foundation and cast-iron rods were power Pope and the Spanish Crown was detailed description of 1677. Also exposed were of the consistent with descriptions of early copperas Elizabeth lable to attract'certain foreign chymistes triangularly-arranged timber-posts, probably the works and provided further evidence that they had promising remains of raised jetties built in the face of marine and mineral masters' by lucrative been sited on what is now the Whitstable 'patents'to produce copperas (initial attempts to encroachment and shown on a chart dated 1 725. foreshore. analysis proved these to post-date produce ammonia iron alum in Dorset were soon Stratigraphic In conclusion, it is claimed that the of the beds and to be contemparary with the abandoned in favour of copperas). two documentary and archaeological evidence the above were Cornelius De Vos, third, providing terminus ante quem for lhe Amongst a examined during the above-described project with the beds. The close Cornelius Slevenson and Matthias Falconer, copperas works associated provided the basis for a first, preliminary, from Lidge. De Vos apparently first proximity of the works to the beds was assumed Brabanters description of the establishment, development and production 1 at Canford, on the basis of the following descriptions: initiated copperas in 565/6 decline of the copperas industry in the south of Dorset. in association with Stevenson, who later, '.. three beddes or raucks of goulde stones or England. lt is therefore hoped that a foundation in 1588. founded the Whitstable work. Richard sulphure stones to make coppres, that lie in a feilde has now been laid for an informed discussion of Laycolt, an associate of de Vos, left Dorset to wherein the workhouse now standeth, with 18 the industry's wider role in the establishment of establish an alum works at Guisborough in greate butts that stande in the the grounde to the first major chemical industry and the first in '1503, this marking the beginning of receyve the liquer from the goulde stones....' (1 600) industrialised economy. the northern alum and copperas industry, which later overshadowed its southern counterpart. Skulduggery and litigation was rife in the early copperas industry (De Vos himself was a rogue) and so legal documents along with contemporary descriptions simplify the task of reconstructing the manufacturing process. Pyrite was collected from the seashore and placed in clay-lined 'shelving' timber beds, measuring about 12 feet high, 115 feet long, 15 feet broad and 12 feet deep. One of the six Whitstable works had seven such beds. Eventually, after up to four years, 'liquor', a dilute solution of hydrated fenous sulphate and sulphuric acid, was produced, which flowed down a channel at the base of the bed into a cistern within a boiler house or, in the early period, into banels set into the ground. One Whitstable works had three cisterns, the largest measuring 80 feet by 9 feet. The liquor was then pumped into a 12 foot square, coal-

fuelled lead boiler containing 1 00 lbs of scrap iron. Detail of moftise-and-tenon jointed bed supporl Photo: T Allen, Canterbury Archaeological Trust

INDUSTRIALARCHAEOLOGYNEWS 108 3 Brunel, not only in the works, but also in laying Newton Abbot Conference out the basic plan of Swindon to give his workers a better standard of housinE. Roger Ford followed John Alan's talk on Exeter's industries. After lunch, those who were staying breezed A choice of three Saturday afternoon visits, out into torrential rain for walkabouts either in the The 25th AIA conference was held at Seale Hayne dogged by rain showers, took in the Haytor granite Meldon quarry area near Okehampton or into College near Newton Abbot, on 4-ll September tramway of 1820 and the quanies it served; a trip Exeter. Exeter is a very interesting with 1998. This was one of the best to date, in spite of by 2-8-2 tank from Paignton to Kingswear, and a historical area which, of course, include the quays. the activities of the weather clerk, who seems to ferry across to Dartmouth to see the preserved Our party was lucky enough to gain entry to the have turned against us in recent years. I am grateful Newcomen engine, reputedly the oldest in the fifteenth-century Tuckers Hall in Fore Street. to Alan Bift for additional reporting. country and erected here as a memorial in its Principal local organiser Phil Newman gave the inventor's birthplace; and a visit to Kelly Mine and evening lecture: 'The Dartmoor tin industry'. The seminar day, preceding the conference, was Finch Foundry. Kelly Mine ceased in 1951-2 and is There was a choice of two trips to east Devon well worth travelling down for, and I think the sheer now being restored by a small but enthusiastic on Monday. Both took in Coldharbour Mill at numbers of the audiences speaks volumes for band of volunteers. lt produced micaceous Uffculme, in rather mixed but improving weather. Marilyn Palmer's organisation of this event. There haematite for anti-corrosive paint and still has The steam engine, whose salvage and restoration were morning and afternoon sessions of general Californian stamps powered by a water turbine and gained the AIA Dorothea award, is now working. topics ranging from Caprington colliery in Ayrshire oil engine (installed in I 934 for dry periods). Finch The mill demonstrates the technioues of wool to the gas supply industry in Cape Town. An foundry at Sticklepath, where all the power derives combing, spinning and weaving. 0ne party started additional afternoon session was devoted to from three waterwheels fed by a leat from the River the day here before moving on for a tour of Beer Cornish topics. A fuller report is given elsewhere Taw, is cunently curated by the National Trust. Corn Quarry Caves - worked out freestone mines of very in this issue. The standard and calibre of these and cloth mills existed on this site until 1 814, when large size and complexity. The party now split into papers really set the tone for the series of excellent conversion to a foundry took place to make edge two groups. One half forayed to Colyton tannery lectures which were to follow. tools. Three successive generations of the Finch to see leather being cured by the traditional Friday evening followed the traditional format family ran it prior to closure in 1960. nineteenth-century oak bark method. Here fish oils of 'conference welcome', with Peter Stanier's In the evening delegates dried out at a sherry and mutton tallow are used in the conditioning lecture'An introduction to the lA of Devon'giving reception, courtesy of Plymouth University, after process, using hand tools. The other half went on us a foretaste of the delights to come. This was a which followed the conference dinner. The chef the superb 3-mile miniature Seaton-Colyton very comprehensive discourse linking the county really did us well, and indeed the food and tramway, moved from Eastbourne to its present

very much to the maritime theme. Members' accommodation were top-notch throughout. site in 1 969. A depot visit enabled us to see a 1 924 contributions rounded offthe evening, with exotic The AGM of the AIA on the Sunday morning Exeter tram being converted to the 2ft 9ins gauge. topics including Spain, the Dordogne and, would was followed by the awards presentations The alternate Monday proqramme started at you believe, Albania? keported in lA News 107), then Keith Falconer Tiverton Museum, which features early lace- Starting the Saturday morning session, Alan delivered the Rolt Memorial Lecture. Keith was one making machinery and also a range of laundry Stoyel and Mike Williams of the RCHME discoursed of only two people present in the lecture theatre equipment - a topic rarely preserved and recorded. on textile mills in the South West, followed by Prof to have attended the inaugural AIA conference on The museum also has a GWR 14xx 0-4-2 auto tank Roger Kain who took the 1841 church tithe maps the lsle of Man in September 1973 - 25 years ago. with iG push-pull coach. Next to the Grand Western as his subject. More members' contributions He took as his theme the architectural brilliance of Canal, part of a scheme that never joined the

Pafty investigating the Haytor granite quarries Photo: P Stanier Escape from the rain in the Beer Quarry Caves Photo: M Harrison

Coldharbour Mill at Uffculme, workinq steam-powered woollen mill Photo: P Stanier The enoine room at Coldharbour Mill Photo: M Harrison

4 INDIJSTRIALARCHAEOLOGYNEWS 108 Cherrv Brook Powder Mills, Daftmoor Photo: M Harrison A little rain didn't prevent a visit to Exeter's iron viaduct Photo: M Harrison

Colyton Tannery Photo: M Harrison Visit to Kelly Mine Photo: M Harrison

English and Bristol Channels, where there is a lime interpretation of Raleigh's Cross Mine by guide by the entrance. Another scenic drive took us to kiln complex at the terminus and an operating Mike Jones. The West Somerset Mineral Railway Merrivale. Here is a ruined blowing house horse-drawn pleasure barge. After visiting connected with the port of Watchet. The highlight containing the best preserved tin furnace on Coldharbour Mill (see above), final stopover was was the examination of the winding house at the Dartmoor, together with the mouldstone in which back in Tiverton at Heathcoat's Mill. This is still in top of the 1 in 4 self-acting incline, followed by the ingots were cast; nearby is a prehistoric full production for lace manufacture, and also the (easy) walk down and desperate struggle back! settlement with double stone rows, stone burial industrial fabrics. Adjacent to the mill are terraces Martin Watts was the evening speaker on chamber and one of those enigmatic stone circles. of industrial housing considered to be the best 'Water-Dower in the South West' - well received In case this feast of visits was not enough, in the examoles still extant in the South West. and very topical under the circumstances! evening we were treated to a conducted tour Outstandingly good evening lectures were by Wednesday saw a circuit of Dartmoor, starting around Tucker's Maltings in Newton Abbot, built Veryan Heal and Debbie Griffiths on Exmoor and at Meldon quarry and limekilns in the north. The in 1 900 and still going strong because it is partly a Dartmoor National Parks. area was worked for aplite, used in enamelling working museum. Mechanisation is at a minimum, Tuesday, on Exmoor, was very wet indeed. In and in glass manufacture, as well as for limestone. and the barley is prepared by the time-honoured the morning we visited Simonsbath to see a rare The 1870s London & South Western Railway traditional methods. lt is licensed, and a buffet survivor of an estate sawmill, powered first by viaduct spans the deep gorge with iron trusses. supper was served. waterwheel, then water turbine until thel952-3 Onwards to the Wheal Betsy lead mine engine The last day, Friday, was also memorable floods ovenruhelmed it, finally by Ruston Hornsby house and then the HEP station at Mary Tavy - thanks to our really excellent guide to Devonport, diesel. The National Park authority's aim is to England's largest. After a pub lunch, the afternoon Commander Charles Crichton. After a brief stop at restore the buildings and the leat system, then was passed looking at the remains of the Shaugh Smeaton's Eddystone on Plymouth Hoe, repair the machinery to make gates, stiles, etc. Bridge china clay works, defunct since 1 952, now it was down into the Barbican to embark on the After this feast we ascended by coach to the top an extremely pleasant wooded site at the junction m.u. Totnes Castle. We toured the Cattewater, then of the moor to view the 650-metre long openwork of the rivers Meavy and Plym. The last evening ventured out to John Rennie's breakwater, passing known as the Roman lode. 0n our return to lecture of the conference, 'Dartmoor gunpowder Drake's lsland en route. Then, past Millbay Docks Simonsbath it was discovered the coach was too mills' by Andrew Pye, prepared us for Postbridge, and up the Hamoaze, with a detailed description long to make the turn onto the bridge, so, having one of the next day's visits. of the waterfront from the Royal William Yard to put us off, the driver had to reverse 172 miles up a For my money, Thursday was the best day, above the Torpoint chain ferry. After this scrutiny steep and twisty hill to find another route! We thus spent on Dartmoor. The weather was odd - heavy of Devonport we passed under the Tamar rail and had rather a long lunch and less time to enjoy the rain one minute, brilliant sunshine the next; often road bridges, returning to land at Flagstaff Steps, Lynton-Lynmouth cliff railway. This, the first in the we had both together. We started at Haytor to see close by the nuclear submarine service area. After 'Sails' country, descends 430 feet at 1 in 73la, by the the amazing tramway, a national monument, lunch in Devonport Management Ltd's weight of 700 gallons of water taken on at the top constructed entirely of stone blocks. We had a restaurant there was a close inspection of No.1 and discharged onto the beach at the bottom. oleasant amble down to the remains of Dartmoor's covered slip (shipbuilding commenced here in An alternative field trip went to the Brendon last working tin mines, Vitifer and Golden Dagger. 1693), the gazebo on Kings Hill which affords a Hills, Somerset, and saw a wide range of sites 0n to Postbridge for lunch and to try the medieval panorama of the dockyard scene, and the associated with iron mining. lts history goes back clapper bridge before being bussed to Cherry Brook eighteenth-century ropery and associated to prehistoric times, but the big developments powder mills. This very big site contains the well buildings. The very last visit, to end the conference, came in 1853 when Welsh capital bought the dispersed remains of 18 buildings. Although the was the Naval Base Museum. Another splendid mining rights. Delegates were given a superb works closed in 1897, the proving mortar remains day out, and roll on Chatham 1 0 September 1 999!

INDIJSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS 108 5 Gasholders and the Arts

Robert Can

Recent interest and some novel schemes for the re-use of gasholders in Britain and abroad are discussed. lt is not just the industrial archaeologist who is involved.

It was the practice in the nineteenth century, especially in cold climates, to enclose water sealed low-pressure gasholders in buildings of circular or octagonal plan and a number of these have survived. Members of the AIA saw such enclosures during a visit to Poland in 1 996 (see the photograph by Marilyn Palmer of Warsaw gasworks in lA News 99, page 7). In Vienna, there are four fine examples which are currently being adapted to a new use and others can be seen in Germany. Berlin has a gasholder house which was converted to an air- raid shelter as early as 1942. Enclosed gasholders seem to be in the British lA news at present. Paul Yunnie published an article Fine architecture: Wawick oasworks'south enclosed oas holder house of 1822 Photo:RJMCarr on the subject in issue 14 of Historic Gas Times only in March '1998. He mentions examples in North America. As well as gasholders being built would have been an additional hazard. made it a spectacular venue for timbral and spatial in houses to prevent the water seal freezing, other Brian Sturt in GLIAS Newslefter 175 mentions musical presentations. A concert performance of factors favouring enclosure were protection from contemplating the inside of a gasholder in comfort 'Afterglow' took place recently at the Conway Hall high winds and snow loading and in some from within the Royal Albert Hall, South in London but here without the contribution of the aesthetically sensitive locations putting the holder Kensington, itself sometimes compared with a gas Oberhausen gasholder additional parts had to be in a building which could be given an elegant storage building (some of the German examples written out for violin and piano to approximate architectural treatment made the close proximity look remarkably similar) and remarks that in the the effect. of a gasworks more acceptable to local residents. days of the South Metropolitan Gas Company Site-specific musical events took place this In the USA in the 1 980s, the Society for Industrial anything like entertainment inside gasholders was April in Manchester. Joseph Hyde produced a piece Archeology carried out a survey and in New sadly lacking. In our own more enlightened times 'Resonating Arch' for the Castlefield railway England found 13 surviving gasholder houses all this is no longer the case and it is probably in viaduct, in which the sound of trains passing in good condition. The example at Concord in New Germany that innovation commenced. Readers will overhead was electronically manipulated. While Hampshire still contained its holder in 1988 and probably be familiar with the use of abandoned the provision of funding for artistic endeavour is was thought to be the last complete gasholder industrial buildings for installation art. The Anya to be applauded, readers o'f lA News may hope house surviving in the US. Inside the building was Gallaccio Intensities and Surfaces installation at that funding for the recording of industrial buildings a single-lift holder of 1 25,000 cu ft capacity guided the London Hydraulic Power Wapping pumping and structures and the setting up of industrial by rails fixed to the inside walls. The enclosing station in 1996 will be well known to many (see, museums where appropriate will also be house built in 1888 was 86 feet in diameter and e.g. Times 17 & 20 February, 1 996) and during the forthcoming. Dr Ray Riley, in his paper on industrial 24 feet high. A fine photograph is reproduced in period of LDDC occupancy at archaeological recording in the Upper Silesian Paul's article. The building has a strong chapel- near the mouth of Bow Creek the site was notable coalfield (lA News /05, raises important issues like appearance. for installation art. As well as 'Pitch' (see /4 ffeuzs concerning the low status of technical or In this country there was an enclosed stone- 102, page 9) there was also an exhibition here engineering culture which is certainly not confined built gasholder house at Gon's Mill, Armley, now previously of lengths of plain cloth which had been to Poland. Here in the current atmosohere of'Cool Industrial Museum, and two small examples, left for a time in some of London's Lost Rivers so Britannia' we may fare as badly when competing without their holders, survive in Warwick (5P as to gain a little of the character of the water for financial support against avant-garde arts 2786531. They were built in 1822. Sir Neil Cossons which flowed in them. projects which to fund providers might seem far reproduces a photograph of the Wanruick gasworks A development in music is the writing of more relevant and forward-looking than reminding in the second edition of his BP Book of lndustrial compositions which are 'site specific'. You may the general public what old-fashioned British Archaeology.fhe gasworks in Waruvick were in the remember a series of TV programmes with young industry used to be like. Industrial archaeologists western part of the town, on the north side of musicians performing such works in a disused are all too likely to be branded as dinosaurs. The Saltisford, by the terminus of the Wanvick and London roller flour mill and other interiors with a London Hydraulic Power Station at Wapping will canal which would have been strong industrial ambience. As a contribution to probably become a venue for a women's theatre convenient for the delivery of coal. Now converted the 1995 |SCM World Music Days the composer group and certainly never a museum of hydraulic for office use, they lay claim to be the oldest-known James Clarke wrote and had oerformed a 'site power. Some of us who visited the Anya Gallaccio surviving gasworks buildings. Early gasholders specific' seven minute'surround-sound' piece installation there did so not only to see the ice but were often placed inside buildings in the mistaken 'Afterglow' for four musicians to be performed also to be able to photograph the interior of the belief that this was safer. However. a consideration inside the 525 feet high disused cylindrical pumping station. At least photography was freely of explosions and the effect of flying bricks led to gasholder at Oberhausen in the Ruhrgebiet, oermitted. an end to this practice. Photographic evidence Germany. This gasholder, which would have been Thanks are due to Axel Fiihl for information makes clear that many gasholder houses had of the dry type, now functions as a museum and on German qasholders. windows. In the event of an explosion flying glass exhibition space and its vertigo-inducing interior

6 INDUSTRIALARCHAE'L}GY NEWS 108 Current research and thinking in industrial archaeology

Marilyn Palmer and Peter Neaverson subsequent landscape conservation works, with the seminar with a paper concerning the particular emphasis on the consolidation of the interpretation of the Newcomen engine at Now a regular part of the AIA annual conference, numerous mining remains located in the area. Peter Caprington, Ayrshire, then being reconstructed in last year's seminar, held at Seale-Hayne campus Herring described a recent pilot study carried out the new Museum of Scotland. As the last at Newton Abbot on 4 September, was the first to by Archaeological Unit for the atmospheric engine to work in Scotland, it was need parallel sessions to accommodate the number Countryside Commission and English Heritage to described in The Engineer in 1 898 but subsequent of papers offered. These drew a high attendance establish a method of mapping and describing the research into previously unconsulted colliery and provoked lively discussion. The morning and historic character of the whole county. In addition records has enabled him to piece together an one of the afternoon sessions were devoted to to mapping historic landscape character, types and alternative history. Colm Donnelly described the general topics, while the second afternoon session zones defined by either active or relict industry excavation and restoration of Mullycovet Mill, dealt specifically with research and recording in (-Camborne mining or St. Austell china-clay Belcoo, Co. Fermanagh, Northern lreland. This south-west England. areas), the mapping also recorded agricultural land abandoned nineteenth-century rural industrial which has been significantly altered by the complex consists of a water-powered corn mill, a The English Royal Commission has been heavily establishment in the eighteenth and nineteenth grain-drying kiln, the former miller's house and involved in recording projects in the south-west. centuries of new farms, small-holdings and farmyard, a mill shop, an orchard and a mill pond. During the conference, Alan Stoyel and Mike cottages, often taken in from former downland. Driven by a vertical timber watenruheel, the corn Williams described their research and survey on This characterisation allows better informed mill had a single pair of stones powered by simple textile mills, demonstrating the former importance strategies of landscape management to be devised wooden cog-and-rung gearing.. The restoration of various textile industries in the local economy and development control to be more sensitively process involved an archaeological excavation of as well as throwing new light on the continuity of monitored. the mill and kiln. the domestic textile industry. Alan Stoyel also gave Bill Newby represented the Trevithick Trust Two papers were concerned with gas works. a seminar paper on process recording at South which is concerned with the promotion of historic John Horne described his detailed research into Crofty prior to its closure in March 1998, thereby Cornwall and its industrial heritage. He described gasworks for country gentlemen. Well-to-do ending the long tradition of metal-mining in the sites managed by the Trust in Cornwall, which Victorians wanted the comforts of town life within Cornwall: by that time it was the last tin mine in include the Cornish Engines at Pool, Geevor Tin their country retreats and, if there was no nearby Europe. Diverting from the traditional Commission Mine, the Porthcurno Museum of Submarine gas supply, many had a small gasworks built within approach, it was decided to produce a process Telegraphy, the Levant Mine, Lighthouse their grounds. The technology at first miniaturised record of the sequential operations involved in the and Tolgus Tin, the latter now part of Cornish that of the mainstream gas industry but the advent mining and dressing of tin ore. Photographs and Goldsmiths at Portreath. Charles Thurlow of the of cheap calcium carbide and better oil refining notes were taken of the whole operation, from the Trevithick Society dealt with the china clay industry, standards allowed the use of other gases. A visitor underground drilling of the ore to the sampling of discussing in particular the mica clays, which were from South Africa, David Worth, talked about the the tin concentrate before it left for the smelter. low grade china clays largely produced from gas supply industry in Cape Town and its role in The National Trust and the Cornwall residues left after the refining of china clay had the formation of an industrial landscape. His paper Archaeological Unit have also been carrying out a taken place. There were scores of mica clay works focused on the way in which the provision of public great deal of industrial archaeology in Cornwall. in the St. Austell district and he illustrated some of street lighting by gas became a moral and political Alan Davey from the National Trust gave an the remains in the area together with features of battleground, utilising representations by account of the acquisition by the Trust of a four- individual workings. contemporary commentators and graphic artists. mile stretch of coastline at St. Just and the For the general topics, John Crompton opened The commercial supply of coal gas in Cape Town dates to 1 845 but the Woodstock gas works, opened in 1 888, remained in production until their closure and demolition in 1996. David Bick, well-known for his research on engine houses, presented an illustrated paper on those for pre-Cornish type beam engines. Using documentary sources and field evidence, he discussed their evolution until the Cornish engine gained precedence around 1 830 and showed how the design of the engine influenced the building itself. Finally, Anthony Streeten from English Heritage discussed the results of their recent survey into public access to England's industrial heritage. This had examined more than 500 preserved and publicly accessible sites across the country. He considered the ways in which English Heritage and other agencies might open more doors to the future public appreciation of these places.

The next seminar on 1 0 September 1 999, part ofthe annual conference based at Chatham in Kent, will be organised by the Greater London Industrial Archaeology Society. Offers of papers should be made to Tim Smith, 30 Gaveston Drive, Tawton mill in Devon, one of many textile sites in the South West recorded by the English Royal Commission Nonh Berkhamsted, Herts HP4 1JF. Photo: RCHME @ Crown Copyright

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS 108 7 AIA NEWS

New members Company exported locomotives first proposals for papers to be read at the range from current electrical to France and the USA and then all meeting. Presentations on all topics engineering subjects to those of a The AIA welcomes the following new presentations general nature. institutional and affiliated societv over the world. The legacy of his civil are welcome, while biographical or genius remains maritime Contributions relating to electrical members: engineering with the with a southern focus on High Level Bridge across the Tyne, the archaeology and Ante-bellum/New engineers or companies in the local Dipartimento Discipline Storic, Royal Border Bridge across the Tyne 5outh industrialisation (including area are particularly welcome. Bologna, ltaly and the Conwy tubular bridge. military history, agriculture, and Abstracts on one side of 44 to be '1999 National Trust Industrial Projects, Some work has already begun on industrial slavery) are encouraged. submitted by 5 March to Dr Llandeilo the major renovation ofthe Grade ll* Landscape studies are of particular John Beavis, School of Conservation Newcastle Discovery Museum, listed building, but funds are urgently interest. Sciences, Bournemouth University, Newcastle upon Tyne needed. For details, contact Robert As proposals are due by 1 5 Talbot Campus, Poole, BH12 5BB, Planning & EPA Library, W. Rennison, Robert Stephenson February 1999, please contact Fax: 01202 595255, e-mail: Melbourne. Australia Trust, 147 Edgehill, Darras Hall, immediately Jack R. Bergstresser, SIA [email protected] Railway & Canal Historical Ponteland, Newcastle upon Tyne Program Committee, Department of Society, 0xford NE2O 9JT. Anthropology, 338 Ullman Bldg., AIA pre-conference Robert Stephenson Trust, University of Alabama at seminar Newcastle upon Tyne Birmingham, Birmingham AL 95294, Internet news This year's seminar will be on 10 E (205) 934-4690, Fax: (205) 934- Well, is there? | am seeking someone September 1 999, at Chatham in Kent. Robert Stephenson who can dredge up any sort of lA 9896, Offers of papers should be made to e-mail: [email protected]. Trust items which are appearing across the Tim Smith, 30 Gaveston Drive, world wide web and which may be Herts HP4 1JF. Recently affiliated to the AIA is the Berkhamsted. of interest to our readers, with the Robert Stephenson Trust, a registered Gdansk engineering aim of submitting International NAMHO charity which aims to restore the a regular column. heritage Please you are original engine works at 20 South contact me if 2000 interested. I nternati on a I Co nfere nce Street, Newcastle upon Tyne, as a The first international conference of Editor Preservation of the Engineering means of recognising the true role Heritage - Gdansk Outlook 2000, 7- the National Association of Mining of Stephenson as a locomotive and History Organisations, and their 21st 1 0 September I 999. Offers of papers civil pioneer. Robert engineering CONFERENCES AND were due by 31 December 1998, but annual national event, is being Stephenson was the co-founder and hosted by Carn Brea Mining Society CALLS FOR PAPERS try contacting Waldemar Affelt, who working manager of the world's first speaks English, on e-mail and Camborne School of Mines in The first two items were received too excellent purpose-built locomotive factory 2000. The [email protected]. Full address is Cornwall, on 14-18 July late for the last issue ol lA News,but at established in 1823 at South Street, organisers are keen to contact there may be time submit on the Diary page. and later known as the Forth Street to international speakers for this proposals papers. Works. lt was here thal Locomotive for prestigious conference. Anyone ilo.l, the Rocket and Planet were History of electrical interested, or who has contacts with built to his designs. In 1828-30, he Savannah conference engineering possible overseas speakers, should developed an economically viable The Society for Industrial Archaeology History of electrical engineering contact Maureen Holmes, Carn Brea prototype which remained the basis (SlA) is holding its 28th annual weekend, 9-1 1 July 1 999. Papers are Mining Society, Rivergarth, Bar for all future steam locomotive conference on 3-6 June 1999 in invited on all aspects of the history Meadows, Malpas, Truro, TR1 155, development. Robert Stephenson & 5avannah, Georgia, and invites of electrical engineering. Topics or e-mail: [email protected]

ADVERTISE AIA IN IA NEWS Association for Industrial Archaeology I/4, News reacheg a wide readership through direct Announcing the three Fieldwork and Recording Awards for L999 eubeorlptlons, circulation to sffiligted orgFnls&tlona The AIA Fieldwork Award scheme exists to encourage recording of the physical remains of the a,nd use in librarles. industrial period to high archaeological standards. The awards are open to both amateur and The market reaohed will be professional field workers, and have been operating successfully for many years. attractive to publlshera, Work submitted may already have been published or, if not, may be encouraged to publish. tour operators, heritage consultante and vieitor As well as the main award there is also the Initiative Award for innovative projects, e.g. those from attra,ctions. local societies; and to encourage the future industrial archaeologists, a Student Category. Advertising rates ra,nge THE CLOSING DATE FOR ENTRIES IS lst MAY 1999 fron as [ttle a.s e3O to €17O for a fuII page. Successful Entries will be notified in August All prooeeds contribute to The successful authors will be invited to attend the AIA annual conference in Kent to collect their the costs of the Newsletter awards in September 1999 a,nd the work of the Aseoclation which ie a Entries should be sent to: Regietered charity. Inserts ney be mailed with IA Shane Gould, Archaeological Advisory Group, Planning News at a charge of 825. Essex County Council, County Hall, Chelmsford, Essex CM1 lLF For further details, coutact the Editor. FURTHER DETAILS WILL ALSO BE AVAILABLE FROM THE ABOVE ADDRESS

8 tNDUsrRtALARcHAEoLoGyNEtt:'ls t08 PHOTO FEATURE Shell lime ovens at the Zuiderzee Museum

These three striking limekilns can be seen at the Zuiderzee Museum at Enkhuisen on the west shore of the lJsselmeer, . After the Afsluitdijk (Barrier Dam) in 1932 changed for ever the maritime cultures around the Zuiderzee, crafts and domestic buildings were brought to Enkhuizen and re-erected to form an excellent open air museum which ooened in 1983. Limekilns were once common around the shores of the Zuiderzee, burning sea shells with coal dust to provide lime for the building industry. There were four kilns at Akersloot where the Ruigewaard family employed eight lime-burners and two bargemen, but this was a labour intensive industry which ceased in 1976. Two years later, three of the kilns were dismantled and rebuilt at the museum, where they are a prominent feature. Burnt shell lime was shovelled out by hand and slaked in a slaking shed. The shed alongside the kilns at the museum was brought here from Hasselt after it closed in 1 981.

Photographs: Peter Stanier

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS 108 9 NEWS

'Whither lndustrial archaeologists?) to Henry Cleere's of young people towards a cultural sites over natural ones. analysis of the World Heritage better appreciation of the Some 32 recommendations for Archeology?' Convention as a medium for importance of these subjects in inclusion on the Tentative List have The Society for Industrial Archeology promoting the industrial heritage, the economic and cultural life of been made by experts convened by (SlA), together with the Historic largely through the designation of the nation. and to consider English Heritage. These include four American Engineering Record (HAER) World Heritage 5ites. The final favourably the acquisition of Natural Sites and the remainder are Park and Lowell National Historical session proved the most innovative, further properties in this field. Cultural Sites. These include the in Massachusetts organised in as befitted its title of'New The lndustrial Trust intends to act cultural landscape of the Lake District November 1998 an ambitious Directions', including papers on as a catalyst in bringing together of Cumbria. Specific industrial sites symposium on the future directions labour studies, gender and ethnic partners from industry wishing to include the following: of industrial archaeology in North studies and experimental develop the educational potential of Blaenavon Industrial Landscape, America. They invited six speakers archaeology, the latter by Patrick allowing people to experience at first Torfaen, South join from Europe to their American Malone of Brown University. Fredric hand dynamic industrial processes The Cornish Mining Industry colleagues: Marie Nisser from Quivik, who bore much of the burden and technology. The Trust's first Dallas Dhu Distillery, Murray, Sweden, Louis Bergeron, the TICCIH of the organisation of the symposium, partnerships have been with Tower Scotland President from France, and Eusebi contributed a stimulating paper on Colliery and Port Talbot steelworks The Denivent Valley, Derbyshire Casanelles. the TICCIH Executive lessons from environmental history, in South Wales but it has now joined The Forth Rail Bridge, Scotland President from Spain, together with concentrating on the landscapes with the Industrial The Ancoats, Castlefields and Henry Cleere from |COMOS, Barrie contaminated by copper smelting Project to develop similar activities in Worsley areas of Manchester Trinder from Nene University College around Butte in Montana. the Sheffield area. and Salford and myself from the University of The splendid surviving textile The Trust was launched at a New Lanark, Scotland Leicester. mills, canal system and associated seminar called 'lndustry Matters', at The Great Western Railway from on the The first session reflected industrial housing of Lowell has which both local industrialists and Paddington to Bristol development of the discipline as well provided an appropriate setting for national figures such as Will Hutton Pontcysyllte Aqueduct, Wrexham, as providing look into an entertaining many industrial history conferences of The Observer and Alec Daly, Wales Roth the future from Matthew since it became a National Historical chairman of the CBI's National Chatham Naval Base, Kent 'Who entitled will love the Alameda Park in 1978. 'Whither Industrial Manufacturing Council spoke. The Commercial Centre and Corridor', highlighting the future Archeology?' clarified the role of the sessions were chaired by Charles Waterfront problems of industrial conservation discipline in North America, enabled Nunneley, Chairman of the National Before final decisions are taken on in such areas as the suburbs of Los some contrasts and comparisons to Trust, and Timothy Mason, Director the content of the Tentative List, the the second Angeles. The themes of be made with Europe and pointed to of the Museums and Galleries Department sought the views, in session were compliance, mitigation some new directions, particularly the Commission. The lndustrial particular, of the owners, managers and design, dealing with the cultural context and human Archaeology Review editors were and of those who live and work in respective roles of the federal experience associated with the present as members of the Industrial and near the proposed sites, as well government, government state and processes of industrialisation. SIA are Archaeology Liaison Group of the as of the wider community. The the private sector in the recording and to be congratulated on their initiative National Trust, which is chaired by Department sought comments on the The conservation of industrial sites. and the published papers are eagerly one of our Honorary Vice Presidents, significance of the sites proposed and representatives from Canada awaited. Professor Angus Buchanan. AIA also on the practical implications of saddened the audience with their Marilyn Palmer Council endorses this imaginative inclusion in the List. tales of declining funding and lack of initiative by the National Trust. enthusiasm by Parks Canada, in The Industrial Trust Marilyn Palmer contrast to the long-standing support and Peter Neaverson provided by the National Park Service launched in the USA. The session on The National Trust has departed from UNESCO World Heritage interpretation in industrial its normal concerns with stately archaeology included viewpoints homes and landscapes with the Sites from America, Great Britain (Banie sponsoring of The Industrial Trust, a The Secretary of State for Culture, Trinder) and Spain (Eusebi body whose aim is to present and Media and Sport has issued a Casanelles): Robert Gordon from Yale promote industrial and consultation paper on a new United University emphasised the manufacturing endeavour of Kingdom Tentative List of future importance of artefacts in industrial yesterday, today and tomorrow inscriptions to World Heritage Site archaeology, while Donald Hardesty through the provision of public access status during the period 1998-2007. from the University of Reno in Nevada to live industry. This follows on from The sites must be of'outstanding spoke of 'the multiple voices of a Members' Resolution at the 1996 universal value' and stringent criteria fieldwork': both these speakers AGM of the National Trust which: must be met to establish this. Sites Boaters enjoy a crossing of the famous to draw the attention of are classed as 'cultural' and 'natural' referred to the importance of the wishes Pontcysllte Aqueduct, one of several cultural context of both sites and Council to the importance of with specific reference to cultural industrial shes in possible line for World structures, an aspect often neglected Trust properties of scientific, landscapes. Apart from these formal Heritage status by HAER recorders. engineering and technological criteria, the World Heritage Photo: Peter Stanier The session on education in interest especially in and around Committee of UNESCO has been industrial archaeology ranged widely, population centres and to concerned in recent years over the Welsh industrial from Patrick Martin's survey of the encourage Council by means of imbalance between the number of graduate program in industrial improved displays, exhibits, sites in Europe and North America museum archeology at Michigan models and where appropriate, and the number in other regions of Latest reports indicate that Cardiff's Technological University through my visitor centres, to provide the world, and an apparent Welsh Industrial Museum, the closure own discussion of the conflict of enhanced opportunities for domination of western cultural of which was reported in lANews objectives in training industrial interest and study particularly values. The Committee has also been 106, is to be moved to a site in archaeologists (heritage managers or for stimulating the imagination concerned by the preponderance of Swansea.

1O INDUSTRIALAR.HAEoLjGY NEWS 108 NEWS

Here for the beer in a broader national perspective. circulation of a preliminary account sadly the important patent Despite huge demolition over the last of the industry for comment. A Step 'Brockham' kilns have continued An attendance of over 1 00 confirmed to 30 years, much remains. the popularity of beer at the 56th East of interest 3 report is likewise circulated for collapse. Much of an impressive Midlands lA Conference held last The brewing industry in Burton was consultation, and the exercise industrial landscaoe at Betchworth quality October at the Bass Museum in served by the exceptional of culminates in'recommendations for has been destroyed by landfill local water protective Burton on Trent (which is technically the drawn from the action' for selected sites. operations (likewise at Oxted), gypsum presence 'Lime, in the West Midlands by one mile). beds, the of the The cement and plaster leaving only the kilns. Betchworth South Derbyshire Dr Alannah Tomkins, who is coalfield within industries' have now reached the was noteworthy in having an early currently working on the economic three miles and the transDort Step 3 report stage, listing and ( 1 920s) hydrating plant and a modern 'l (1950s) history of Burton on Trent volume of network. lt also consumed huge grading identified sites. Over 50 successor. Sadly, since the lhe Victoria County History, outlined ouantities of bricks and timber. Coal limeworks sites have been considered 1 960s, both have been taken by the the development of the brewing consumption was in excess of and graded, throughout England, and scrap iron merchants. An enormous 1 00,000 tons per annum at the peak these seven sites Surrey industry in Burton from I 700 to I 822. include in at and impressive hydrator plant at This was controlled by the of brewing activity. The peak of Puttenham limekiln, Guildford, Oxted has recently suffered the same development of the Trent Navigation British beer consumption was Busbridge, Guildford Castle, Deerleap fate. Other essential elements of a reached gallons per pits and the state of the Baltic trade. Beer in 1900 at 35 Wood, Brockham chalk and lime traditional limeworks, such as per (visitors was frequently shipped to the Baltic head annum to AIA works, Betchworth-Dorking screens, have also gone. Likewise, the conferences the Greystone ports via , as back might doubt veracity Lime Co Works and Oxted impressive gravity-worked incline at (featured cargo against imports of iron and of this figure!). chalk pits. Betchworth in Clarence In the afternoon there was timber. In the late eighteenth century, time In the light of this belated Winchester's fra ilway Wonders of the inspect displays major names like Bass, Worthington to the in the Bass recognition of the historical Worldl) and, earlier, the Ropeways Museum. Some remaining and Alsop began to emerge as of the importance of the limeworks at Syndicate's aerial ropeway at the historic sites related (albeit dominantforces. Many of the smaller to brewing were Betchworlh, Brockham and 0xted, it same site ... even the surviving brewers failed when Napoleon visited by vintage Daimler double is unfortunate that industrial collapsed) winding gear at the pit, deck bus and on foot. blockaded the Baltic Ports in 1807. Visits were also landscapes and structures at all three has now gone. So, at yet three more The major turning point for the larger arranged to Clay Mills sewage sites were not afforded greater limeworks we are left with nothing pumping protection breweries' export markets came station on the outskirts of or even care 20 years ago, but the kilns, albeit in these three Burton. when they moved from brewing beer Clay Mills was built in 1885 when their value was beginning to Surrey examples exceptionally quantity of a type similar to nut brown to the to cope with the vast of be appreciated. Much of the important survivals from the second produced development of India Pale Ales. effluent by the breweries. Brockham site was purchased by half of the nineteenth century - the Cliff Shepherd spoke on the It contained four Woolf compound Surrey County Council, although Dietzsch and Smidth kilns are expansion of Burton in the railway beam engines by Gimsons of plethora age. This began with the opening of Leicester and a of ancillary plant. generating the Birmingham & Derby Junction The early electricity Railway in 1839 and reached its plant and the workshops are particularly interesting. The zenith when it was served by four of site is in process the pre-grouping companies. Of the the of being renovated from a semi-derelict 34 breweries that were operated in condition and is well worth a visit. the 1870s, Bass and Alsop's on their own were shipping over 1.7 million Mark Sissons banels a year by rail. In the 1890s gfuw6rgr"*.rr,rw MPP: limeworks in the level of beer production was swollen even more by London Surrey Engineering Restoration and Heratage Consultants brewers opening breweries in Burton, The Monuments Protection such as Inde Coope, Charringtons, Programme, operated by English Restoration and conservation of rolling stock, wind & Trumans Hanbury and Buxton, Mann Heritage, has as an aim the watermills, engines, cast iron work, bandstands, Crossman and Walkers. By 1914 the evaluation and selection of industrial . Restoration and contemporary number of brewery companies had monuments for statutory protection. hydropower. Engineering displays. Museum collection dropped to 1 6 through closure, take It is recognised that industrial sites over and rationalisation. From 1857 and structures, of great inherent moves. Feasibility studies. Recording and the brewers developed their own interest and 'heritage'value, are Conservation Plans. All work undertaken in-house by railway networks to carry the traffic badly under-represented among our experienced 2o-strong team UK and worldwide. of barley, malt, timber, coal, empty Statutory Scheduled Ancient Recent projects include: 20 T timber lock gates for casks, clean casks, bottles, hops, monuments. Some 30-50 classes of spent grain and all the other industrial sites and structures are British Watenruays; restoration and rebuild of 1786 components of beer. The being considered by various Boulton & Watt engine for National Museums of development of a dense urban rail organisations under contract to Scotland; interactive engine room diorama for Scottish system produced a multiplicity of English Heritage, the earliest being Maritime Museum; restoration of electric loco E4 for level crossings of which 29 were still the lead, coal, alum, brass and Tyne & Wear Museums. in use in 1962 - Burton became gunpowder industries, along with ice- infamous for its traffic delays. The houses and dove farming. Preserving our Industrial Heritage private railway system saw major Each industry, or group of for future generations closures from 1967 onwards and is industries, goes through a six-step now onry a memory. process, commencing with 22-24 Carmyle Avenue, Foxley, Glasgow G32 8HJ John Bonnett spoke of the consultation identified with Tel: (0141) 763 0007 Fax: (0141) 763 0583 remains of the Victorian heritage of individuals 'known have to E mail: [email protected] Burton and set the brewing industry information and expertise', and the

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS 108 11 NEWS examples of 'transfened technology' engine, although the boilers were itself. The situation is a little like help to house much larger reserves. having originally been developed in scrapped. The boiler house now having to rearrange the furniture in This store, the Rupe (from the ltalian mainland Europe as vertical cement- contains a museum. a crowded room at home. lt is made word for 'rock'), was built in 1548- burning kilns. Volunteers are hard at work to so much easier if some furniture can 90 and still stands in the alleY'od 0ne ray of hope, additional to the restore the engine to motion, worked be put in the passage outside or in Rupa', high in the northern corner of English Heritage MPP recognition, is by external hydraulic cylinders as an adjoining room first. To the north the walled city. lt is a fascinating the availability of substantial funds steaming will not be possible. lt is of St Pancras more of the listed items example of a large functioning (derived from landfill tax payments) hoped thatthis will be ready by 2002, could be retained but for the ground building designed for bulk storage for conservation work. The Surrey on the 1 50th anniversary of the they occupy being needed and handling before the Industrial Wildlife Trust, the Suney Industrial draining of Haarlemmer Meer. Some temporarily by the contractors. The Revolution. History Group, local authority movement should be possible even redevelopment could be done The Rupe was originally of four representatives, and others, were earlier. Readers are recommended to differently using less space but it storeys, but one was removed in the represented at a site meeting at visit this fascinating site if in the area. would then cost more. nineteenth century. The walls are of Betchworth recently to consider It is but a few miles from Amsterdam. This situation with respect to local limestone but inside there is proposals for conservation work on 'enabling works'is a general one and massive brick vaulting to support the will crop up in most redevelopment loads. The ground floor is of 5x3 bays, the surviving structures, both at National Heritage Betchworth and at Brockham. schemes. lt is not peculiar to St with two lines each of four huge Paul Sowan Corridor Pancras. pillars. Fifteen separate pits, one The Derwent Valley Trust is active in Robert Carr beneath each bay, were dug deep Progress at Cruquius promoting the National Heritage into the rock for additional storage. Corridor, the name given to the At the top of each pit is a hole in the Work by volunteers is progressing at Derwent Valley in Derbyshire. The The Rupe Museum, floor, closed by a removable stone the famous Cruquius steam engine, is among the sites with an iron ring. There are chutes in near Haarlem, Netherlands. The Derwent Valley Dubrovnik suggested for World Heritage Site the walls to bring grain from the massive 144-inch diameter cylinder Croatia's historic cig of Dubrovnik The River Derwent has been upper floors, and holes in those floors was cast by Harveys of Hayle, status. and the coast and islands to the north the site of early industrialisation, conesponding to the holes above the Cornwall, the largest beam engine and south were the independent powering several generations of pits. I imagine that grain was brought ever made. The round engine house republic of Ragusa from the Middle pioneer textile mills. The first was the into the upper floors at the back, is castellated and has pointed arches. Ages until it was abolished by water-powered silk mill in Derby in taking advantage of the slope, and Eight beams (made in Amsterdam) Napoleon in 1808. lt made its wealth Richard there may have been hoists with emerge, formerly operated by the 1704, followed by by sea trade, and was second only to Arkwright's cotton mill at Cromford pulleys. great engine and each able to lift Venice as a commercial centre in the (1771), also The ground and first floors are 8,000 litres of water 5 metres per where there are eastern Mediterranean. lts name examples of early workers' houses. open on weekdays from 9am to 1 pm stroke. gave us the word'argosy'for a large more mills followed and at a charge of 5 kuna (about 50p). Three pumping stations were Twenty merchant ship. lt has a rich heritage substantial remains survive. North The ground floor has a small display built to drain the Haarlemmer Meer, of religious and commercial (1804) and annexes to about the building, including which was achieved in 'l 849-52. Mill, Belper buildings, on a planned grid pattern Darley Abbey drawings. lt is in Croatian, but we Thereafter, the engines continued to the Long Mill at and completely surrounded by city (c.1808) are fine survivals of early were lent a leaflet in English; keep the waters under control. The walls. lt is now a World Heritage Site fireproof mills. regrettably this was not on sale. Most Leeghwater and Lynden pumping and the damage caused by Serbian 0pening up the valley for '1991 of the floor is kept clear so that stations were modernised so only the shelling in has almost all been education, visitors can appreciate the Cruquius pumping engine now recreation, leisure and repaired. projects Deruvent Valley construction. One of the pits is kept remains, having been kept on include the The coast is mountainous and Cycleway, with a study undenruay by open and lit to show its size and standby until 1933 when it closed. A stony and it was not easy to supply national cycling organisation deoth. small group of enthusiasts saved the the Ragusa with water and food. The a route or series The first floor has a small but Sustrans, to consider water supply was assured by a excellent display of objects and or routes along a 22-mile length from Neapolitan, Onofrio della Cava, who Little Eaton to Bakewell. The Derwent superb photographs about built a 1 2-km aqueduct in 1 438 from agriculture, rural life and traditional Valley Trust has identified and springs at Sumet. This fed a number crafts. lt is captioned only in Croatian evaluated an unbroken footpath of private supplies and mills, and two enabling the whole valley to be public tanks or 'fountains' which but most of it is self-explanatory. Derek Bayliss walked for nearly 50 miles, from survive. Shardlow in the south to Ladybower Wine, olives, fish and other food posters reservoir in the north. could be produced in the republic, but lA wanted wheat was another matter. lt was A new museum opening in Duisberg, Enabling works brought in from all over the eastern Germany, is seeking to display a large With reference to 'Station Meditenanean but particularly from number of industrial archaeological Archaeology' in lA News 105, page southern ltaly and the present posters. lf any reader has any please 10, a significant point about the Albania. This trade was so important available, could they send redevelopment which is planned to that the city authorities developed a them to Dr Hans Kania, Bauhutte take place to the north of St Pancras policy of keeping large reserves of Zeche Zollverein, Gelsenkitchener railway station is that quite apart grain in storehouses in case of siege, Strasse 1 81, 45309 Essen, Germany. from what is to be eventually wars, crop failures or commercial replaced, considerably more room disputes. lrish mill seminar will be cleared for civil engineering A number of storehouses stood To commemorate the restoration of by the mid- Mullycovet Mill, a seminar entitled Volunteers working one of the beams at enabling works. These enabling around the city, but 'lrish Cruquius in July 1998 works are preliminary activities which sixteenth century it was decided to Mills and Milling' is to be held Photo: Peter Stanier are to make room for the main work build a new storehouse which would at Enniskillen College of Agriculture,

12 INDUSTRIALARCHAEOLOGYNEWS 108 NEWS

County Fermanagh, on 7 May 1999. was transported to the Scottish horticultural hand tools, cloches, Fol lowing more recent developments, Lecturers include Gavin 8owie, Nick Mining Museum, where it is hoped greenhouses, outboard motors, the firm is said today to be a Brannon, Michael Coulter, Bill to be re-erected sometime in the military field equipment, aircraft European leader in perforated and Crawford, Maragaret Gallagher, Fred future. The engine, by Robey's of parts, seats and heavy production expanded metals and materials. Hamond, Mark McCloskey, Megan Lincoln, is repesentative of the great machinery. Metal perforating was McManus and Colin Rynne. The post-war expansion of the Scottish begun in the late nineteenth century address of the organiser, Dr Colm coalfield. The Francis Mine site is to and the firm invented the Cornish Crossness engines Donnelly, can be found on the Diary be cleared. Gauge, a copper plate punched with The world's largest rotative beams page. progressive hole sizes, which became engines at Abbey Wood, London 5E2, Proud perforators a standard specification for wire are open for visits on one Tuesday Winding engine saved Last year the Cornish firm of J. & F. screens. Among the sand and gravel and Sunday in each month of 1999. Heritage Engineering have made a Pool Ltd. celebrated its first I 50 years screening plant manufactured by J. Admission is by appointment only, by last-minue rescue of the electric of business. Over the years the Hayle & F. Pool was their patented telephoning 0l8l 3ll 3711 on winding engine at Francis Colliery. lt firm has manufactured industrial and 'Superfex' stone screen oI 1927. Tuesdays and Sundays only.

PUBLICATIONS

Local Society and other periodicals received Stott and Sons: Architects of the Lancashire Cotton Mill, by Roger N. Holden (Carnegie Publishing, 1998)272 pp,167 ills, fl4.95, Abstracts will appear in lndustrial Archaeology Review. tsBN 1-85936-047-5. Australasian Society for Historical Archaeology Newsletter, In the second half of the nineteenth century Oldham became the major Volume 27:4,1997 cotton spinning town in Britain and architects from Oldham came to dominate BIAS tournal,30, 1998 the business of designing cotton mills in the county. This book traces the British & lrish Archaeological Bibliography, Volume 2, Number 2, history of Stott & Sons, who were one of the oldest and most prominent firms October 1998 in the business. They were also involved in the promotion of cotton spinning Brunel Exhibition Rotherhithe Newsletter, No.36, Spring 1998 companies and, as a general architectural practice, designed other buildings GLIAS Newsletter, 178, October 1 998 including houses, schools and a watch factory. Greenwich lndustrial History, Volume 1, lssues 2 & 3, June & August 1998 Discover Dorset: The lndustrial Past, by Peter Stanier (Dovecote Press, (Gloucestershire) GSIA lournal, 1 997 1 998) 79 pp, 54 ills, f4.95, ISBN 1 874335 s5 s. Historical Model Railway Society lournal, Volume 1 6, No. 5, One in a new series of well presented and illustrated pocket-sized books January - March 1998 on a wide range of topics about the county. Includes brief accounts of the lndustrial Heritage, Volume 16, No.3, Autumn 1998 main industries. lnstitution of Historic Buildings Conservation News,6, August 1998 lnternational Stationary Steam Engine Society Bulletin, Volume 20 Made in Lancashire: A history of regional industrialisatro4 by Geoffrey No. 2. Summer 1998 Timmins (Manchester University Press, 1998) 365 pp,27 ills, f 50.00, The Mole, (newsletter of the Friends of Williamson's Tunnels), tsBN 0-7190-4539-8. lssues 3, 4 & 5, August 1997, January & May 1998 This volume provides and up-to-date, contextualised analysis of The Mundling Sfick, Volume 4 No. 4, Autumn 1998 industrialisation in Lancashire from Tudor times until the 1990s. Drawing on The Musical Museum and Friends, lssue 22, Spring 1998 the extensive literature relating to the theme, and incorporating new research The National Trust Annual Archaeological Review, No. 6, 1997-98 findings, it examines the rise and decline of the county's industrial sector. Nottinghamshire lndustrial Archaeology Society tournal Volume 23, While the long-term dominance of the textile industry is emphasised, its Part 2, September 1998 importance is viewed as part of the wide range of industrial activity that The Record, RCHME/NMR newsletter, 22, Autumn 1998 came to characterise the county's economy. Scottish lndustrial Heritage Society Review, lssue No. 39, AutumnMinter 1998 The Moortied Pit Disaster, by Harry Tootle (Landy Publishing, 1998) Somerset lndustrial Archaeological Society Bulletin, No. 78, 64 pp 17 ills, f6.00, |SBN 1 872895 38 7. August 1998 An account of a colliery explosion underground at Moorfield Colliery,

Surrey lndustrial History Group Newsleffei Nos. 99 to 105, near Accrington in Lancashire in 1 883. September 1 997 to September 1 998 lndustrial Archaeological Society Newsletter, No. 100, October 1998 TICCIH bulletin, number 2, Autumn '1998 Anne Jones Booksearch Service Triple News, (Newsletter of the Kempton Great Engines Trust), Numbers 4 to 7, Autumn 1997 to Summer 1998 'Bryher' Barncoose Terrace Redruth, Cornwall TR15 3EP Books Received Telephone 01209 21 1 180 The following books have been received for review in lndustrial Archaeology A selection ofsecondhand and out ofprint books for sale Review Industrial Archaeology:- Canals, Railways, Bridges, early Lambley Viaduct: The History, Decline and Restoration of a Great Engineers, Steam and Engineering interest Monument, by Robert Forsythe & Charles Blackett-Ord (North Pennines Please phone or write for list Heritage Trust, 1 998) 32 pp, 14 ills, f2.50 inc. p&p, |SBN 0-951 3535-5-l . This booklet provides a history, details of restoration and a guide to the Free book search also available viaduct spanning the South Tyne valley carrying the 13-mile long railway Details on request from Haltwhistle to Alston which opened in 1852.

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS 1 08 13 REGIONAL NEWS

Yorkshire and scheme at has revealed a The lndustrial Society also try and anange a week- Humberside large stone-built dry dock used from Museum, Halifax, and Transperience, end away over the May bank holiday, 1 755 to 1 770 to service colliers and . have now closed but there again to a part of the country with The restoration of the other ships; it has been recorded and is better news from elsewhere. The Industrial Archaeological interest, Nanow Canal across the Pennines will be preserved beneath a car park. Museum of Army Transport, Beverley, where we can take advantage of local from Huddersfield to Ashton under The Archaeology has reopened, and the National help and expertise; this year it was Lyne is being funded mainly by the 5ervice has carried out an excavation Railway Museum, York, has been to Somerset. The EMIAC conferences Millennium Commission (f I 5m) and at the site of Kings Mill, Leeds, a corn given f2m of Lottery money to attract up to 1 00 people, and the May English Partnerships (f 12m). lt mill on the Aire. The oldest timbers display thousands of items kept in week-end brings out about 30 or so. involves the removal of I 9 blockages. found beneath stone wheeloits were storage. In Sheffield, the new Both Leicestershire and In the three-mile Standedge Tunnel, dated to the trryelfth century. There is Sheffield lndustrial Museums Trust Nottingham seem to be having a Britain's longest canal tunnel, a new multi-million pound scheme to reopened Abbeydale Industrial spate of applications to turn buildings accumulated silt will be cleared to convert the derelict Grade ll* listed Hamlet to school parties and during of some historical significance into lower the water level and ease the Hunslet Mill, Leeds, and the adjoining the school summer holidays, and pubs and restaurants. The latest in passage of boats. lt is proposed to Bruce's Works to flats, offices and hope to reopen it to the public during Leicester is conversion of the use electric tugs, but it is not clear factory retail outlets. John Foster & 1999. Shepherd Wheel opened for Hydraulic Accumulator House, which whether legging through will still be Son have ended the manufacture of Heritage Open Days but remains was part of the Great Central goods allowed. The Standedge rail tunnels worsted and mohair cloth at Black closed for the present. Wortley Top warehouse and freight handling of 1846-9 and 1868-71, closed in Dyke Mills, Queensbury, near Forge remains open on Sundays on a complex , and in Nottingham there 1966 (since when all traffic has used Bradford, and now carry out only final shoestring after a decision by the is a larger scheme to convert the Low the parallel double track tunnel of inspection there. York University National Trust not to take it over. Level station complex into a car 1 894) may be reopened for freight to archaeologists have gained Lottery Derek Bayliss and David Cant showroom, pub and restaurants etc. help divert traffic from the congested funding for a project to collect data M62 to rail. on successful conversion projects for East Midlands The restoration of Linton Lock. on old industrial buildings. the The East Midlands lndustrial Ouse north-west of York. has An English Heritage list of been completed with a substantial Archaeology associations are a loose- buildings at risk has highlighted the grant from the Heritage Lottery Fund, knit organisation scattered unique Grade ll* 187'l Large Crucible and it was reopened in September throughout the length and breadth Steel Shop of Sanderson Kayser at of the counties of Leicestershire 1 998. The lock dates from the 1 770s Darnall, Sheffield, where plans for (Leicestershire and was designed by John Smith who Industrial History refurbishment were dropped after a was also engineer of the Ripon Canal. Society), Northamptonshire change in ownership. Local groups (Northamptonshire A report on the and Dearne Industrial are also concerned about several and Dove Canals for Barnsley, Archaeology Group), Derbyshire derelict cutlery and silvenivare works (Derbyshire and Archaeological Society- Rotherham Councils including Anglo Works in Trippet has concluded that their restoration Industrial Archaeology Section), and Lane and Morton's in West Street. The would cost f31.55m and that this Lincolnshire (Society for Lincolnshire Cornish Place works of James Dixon could not be found; smaller schemes, History and Archaeology), together is now being converted into flats and such as linking the branch of with the East Midlands group of the there are plans to turn the adjoining the Dearne and Dove Canal the Railway and Canal Historical Society. to Globe Works (edge tools and cutlery) Sheffield We also have associations with and South Yorkshire and Wharncliffe Works (stovegrate Navigation, might have a better other groups such as the Brewery foundry) into offices, with some Conversion job: the Hydraulic Accumulator cnance. History Society. demolition. House, Leicester 0n the Chesterfield Canal, work At six-monthly intervals, and on The buildings and structures of Photo: D Lvne has a rota basis, one group will organise continued on restoring the the coal industry continue to section from Shireoaks to Kiveton a whole day Conference based on the disappear but an 1870s Guibal Park and Northwood Tunnel. lA of their locality, with morning Northampton is the only local Plans by ventilating fan house at the former developer Tawnywood, supported by lectures, a buffet lunch, the Business group reporting increased attendance East Gawber Hall Colliery, Barnsley, (usually the Chesterfield Canal Trust and Meeting short), and with the at their meetings, and suggest that has been scheduled as an Ancient British Watenrtrays, to opencast and afternoon devoted to visits to local this is because they have gone Monument, and the pioneer 1902 reclaim the site Kiveton Park sites - a bit like a mini AIA outside the strict lA scope into, for of Tankersley mines rescue station at Colliery would create a marina there Conference! example, Roman engineering and the Birdwell, Barnsley, has been listed. just and open out the tunnel (opened We have put on EMIAC 56. country house garden (some will say in The government announced in Based at the Bass Brewery Museum, this is well within the expected scope 1 776 and closed by a roof fall in 1 907) 0ctober that the National Coal as far as the Ml. Longer term plans it was, of course, very well attended! of interest anyway !). Mining Museum at Caphouse Colliery may include a staircase of locks or A report appears elsewhere in Derbyshire reports that despite is to receive f700,000 to keep it open even an inclined olane down to the this issue of lA News.Incidentally, in being a predominantly rural area, for a year while the level of funding Rother valley where a housing May this year EMIAC 57 will have they have so many old mine and lime is decided. The collections will be development blocks the previous some beer content too. The kiln sites that they have difficulty in owned by the Science Museum but route, and a brand new navigation secretaries of these groups meet prioritising what to take on board for the site and management will remain down the Rother to the Don at about two or three times a year to recording. in the hands of the oresent trust. The Rotherham. discuss plans etc. and proceeds from Northampton report that Rices decision will ensure that it can The canal dry dock at Goole has the conferences are used to finance Eagle Foundry, established in 1823, continue to offer underground visits. now been filled in, but we understand local projects, as agreed by the has had to close with the loss of A study by RCHME has thrown new jobs. it will not be built on (see /4 rVews business meeting. several This is due to the light on its history and made 106, p121.0n The money accrued is passed to complaints from residents of new the North Yorkshire recommendations about coast, excavation for sewerage the next organising group. houses, which had been allowed to a conservation. Leicestershire Industrial History be built nearby, and resulting in the

14 INDUSTRIALARCHAE'L1GY NEWS 108 REGIONAL NEWS

local authorities imposing year's EERIAC will be in King's Lynn environmental controls which made (see Diary). the foundry costs prohibitive. In Cambridge, the small DOROTHEA Northamoton also confirm that nineteenth-century gas holder with they have been involved in attractive cast-iron supporting discussions regarding the columns, the oldest on the gasworks RESTORATIONS Northamptonshire County Structure site, has escaped the redevelopment Plan, but the involvement has been of the rest of the site, but its future is mainly through various far from clear. Next door. at Cheddars LTI) environmental panels which have Lane Pumping Station a major crack Incorporating Ernest Hole (Engineers) of Sussex been dominated by representatives of in the engine house wall has been ecological groups, and it has been repaired with funding from the local very difficult to get a hearing for authority and English Heritage. CONTRACTORSAND CONSULTANTS IN THE Industrial Heritage. They would like Proposals for new housing which C O N S E RUATI O N O F H I STO RI C METALW ORK, to hear from other societies as to how would have affected badly the view MAC HI N E RY AND WI N DTWAT E R M I LLS to cooe with this situation. of the building from the river have Lincolnshire are concerned at the been rejected. New proposals are Recent contracts include designs for an atmospheric disturbing loss of military structures awaited. railway and a replica steam locomotive, restoration of of late. which was evident at the In Suffolk. there is some concern 18C lead sculptures, repair and gilding of the Albert EMIAC held there last year. at the 'conversion' of the very large Memorial bronze decoration, conservation work on They also report that Lincoln City maltings block on Pelaw Street, Ttrrbinia, Lion, Sans Pareil and Locomotion, and even Council and English Heritage are lpswich, which has seen the interior jointly funding project to extend the totally gutted and the wooden roof the restoration of an hvdraulic catafalk! Urban Archaeology database from structure removed to be reolaced

1 700 right up to 1 945, thus covering with steel; only the walls remain. Over 100 man years experience the whole of the period of industrial Confidence is not helped by the estate expansion in the city. agent's references to the 'oast The Railway & Canal Historical houses' at the end of the block. Northern Works: New Road, Whaley Bridge, via Stockporl, Society also report that the Proposals for the Town Maltings at Cheshire SK23 7JG. Contact: Dave Hodgson Nottingham Museum of Industry and Diss leave something to be desired Tel: (01663) 733544 Fax: (01663) 73452I Transport are planning to set up The also. Maltings in East Anglia have Centre for Framework Knitting at the suffered badly in the last few years. Southern Works: Riverside Business Park, St Annes Road, Heritage Centre at Ruddington. Only nruo floor maltings remain in use, St. Annes Park. Bristol. BS4 4ED. Contact: GeoffWallis Finally, apologies for not bringing at Ditchingham and East Dereham, Tel: (01 l7) 97 15337 Fax: (01 l7\ 97'7 1677 you a great deal of news, but this is and the future of neither seems also an attempt to bring you up to secure. Six years ago there were at date with the East Midlands scene. least eight still working, including as this is my first report as regional three large complexes. Even where and it is far from certain that no news station at Yarmouth has now been conespondent. Readers may contact there has been conversion ratherthan is good news. However, Railtrack demolished, the site and its history me by Telephone/Fax on 01 1 6 2891 demolition, it is almost unknown for have done a fine job at Norwich have been written up in the NIAS 595, mobile 0973 189 315, or e-mail the kilns to remain intact. (Thorpe) station where, as hoped last Journal. Also in recent years NIAS on [email protected], ano Also in lpswich the final remains year, the war-damaged roof line of have published research by Anthony I will pass on messages to the of the horse tram deoot and E R F the main building has been restored Ward on Broadland steam pumping relevant secretaries. Turner's engineering works have to its original state and the chateau- stations originally undertaken in the David Lvne disappeared under a multi-plex style dome reclad in zinc/lead plates '50s and'50s when much equipment cinema, and Ransome's 0ruvell works by French craftsmen. Plans to gut was still in situ. The existence of this East Anglia have been finally cleared. Better some of the office blocks were research only came to light by chance. This year little seems to have news is that the recently closed turn abandoned in favour of restoration. It's worth trying to find out if there is happened in East Anglia, so this of the century Cranfield roller mill on Damaged sections of the cast-iron anyone in your area with a report is brief. In part this may be due the dockside is within the recently railings round the forecourt are being hobbyhorse and unpublished to lack of information, especially extended conservation area and so replaced and the brick gate posts at material! concerning Essex. The eighth East of given some protection. the entrance recreated, though for David Aldefton England lA Conference was held in Elsewhere in the county, the traffic reasons not the gates Bury 5t Edmunds in June, with a unique level crossing gates carrying themselves. The whole exercise is a programme rather rushed together at the platforms at Halesworth station good example of constructive the last minute because of the are to be restored, though not to collaboration between Railtrack and withdrawal of one speaker and working order, and the town museum the city conservation committee. unfortunate demise of the other. is moving into the restored station Norfolk lA Society have recorded However the replacement lecturers building where it will have a display an example of a mass concrete brick ADVERTISE proved worthy substitutes, speaking on the rail history - though all traces kiln at Bradfield. At Ebridge flour about seventeenth and eighteenth of the Southwold Railway have been milling has finally ceased at a site IN century trades in Bury and on the obliterated. English Heritage have whose recorded history goes back to IA NEWS general industrial archaeology of had to close Saxtead Green Mill until AD 980. The opportunity is being West 5uffolk. The afternoon visit was repairs have been made to rot in the taken to investigate its history, with See page 8 for a tour of south Suffolk led by Bob main steps. much helpful information coming Malster. and included cast iron In Norfolk. there is still no news from the local area. Although the details bridges and Sudbury Quayside. Next about the Colman's site in Norwich. ornamental facade to the 1 895 oower

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS 108 15 DIARY

20 March 1999 17 April 1999 8-9 May 1999 Affelt, Wydxial Budownictwa ANNUAL 3OTH SOUTH WALES & WEST NATIONAL MILLS WEEKEND Ladowego, Politechnika Gdanska, ul. MEETING REGION IA CONFERENCE previously one day, and now G. Narutowicza 11112, 80-952 one day meeting to be held in at Shaftesbury Upper School, hosted extended to two, some 400 mills take Gdansk. Poland. London, on aspects of windmill sail by the Dorset lA Society. Conference, part in this annual event. The theme 1O-17 September 1999 and wind power use. Details followed by optional visits to a local this year is arts and crafts. For details, design AIA ANNUAL CONFERENCE from Diana Smart, Administrator, mill or the RN cordite factory site at contact Diana Smart, Administrator, 1999 from Tony Section SPAB, 37 Spital Square, Mills Section SPAB, 37 SpitalSquare, Holton Heath. Details Mills at Chatham. Kent. Details when 0171 456 0909. Innes, 10 Gold Hill, Shaftesbury, London El 6DY. 0171 4560909. London El 6DY. I I available from Conference Secretary, Dorset 5P7 8HB. 27-28 March 1999 Janet Graham, 107 Haddenham AIA IRONBRIDGE WEEKEND 7 May 1999 21-23 May 1999 Road, Leicester LE3 zBG. Long Warehouse, THOMAS TELFORD IN at the IRISH MILTS AND MILLING Coalbrookdale, on 'Raising the wind SHROPSHIRE lnfornalon for dte diary should be sent a one-day seminar at Enniskillen - sources of grants for industrial a weekend looking at the work of College of Agriculture, County archaeological projects', particularly Thomas Telford, with field trips and Fermanagh, hosted by the Belcoo and aimed at volunteers (individuals and lectures on his work, roads, bridges District Development Group Ltd. For societies) working in the area of lA. and canals. For further information further information and booking Contributors will include officials please contact Julia lonides, 83 details, contact Dr Colm Donnelly, from the National Lottery and the Greenacres, Ludlow, Shropshire sure details are sent in if you wish yur Belcoo Enterprise Centre, Railway Science Museum PRISM fund. Full SY 1LZ. E 01584 874567, Fax: eventto fu advised. Road, Belcoo, County Fermanagh, details and booking form (SAE please) 01584 874045, e-mail: Northern lreland, BT93 5FG. I from David Alderton, 48 Quay Street, dogrose.trust@vi rgin. net 01365 386536, Fax: 01365 386371. Halesworth, Suffolk lPl9 8EY. 3-6 June 1999 8 May 1999 10 April 1999 ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF EMIAC 57: BRIDGES, BEER SOUTH EAST REGION IA SOCIETY FOR INDUSTRIAL BALL BEARINGS AND ARCHEOLOGY 4IA'i'rL CONFERENCE at the Town Hall, Newark-on-Trent, ^r..rtn9' at the University of Reading, hosted in Savannah, Georgia, USA, the 28th the 57th East Midlands lA Conference, by the Berkshire lA Group, a annual conference of the SlA. For with speakers on historlc crossings of INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS programme including London details, contact Fredric L. Quivik, the Trent Baird's floor maltings and (formerly AIA Bulletin lSSN 0309-0051) docklands, cinemas, Brede 2830 Pearl Harbor Road, Alameda, Newark's brewing industry, with tssN 1354-1455 Watenruorks and the importance of CA 94501, USA. I and Fax: 510- afternoon guided walks. Details from geology and groundwater to industry, 7 69-7 855, e-mail: [email protected] Editor: Dr Peter Stanier Joan Hodges, Nottingham lA Society, Details from Dennis Johnson, 20 12 June 1999 2 Knighton Road, Woodthorpe, Published by the Association for lndustrial Auclum Close, Burghfield Common, EAST OF ENGTAND REGION Nottingham NG5 4FL. Archaeology. Contributions should be sent Reading, RG7 3DY. IA CONFERENCE to the Editor, Dr Peter Stanier, 49 Breach at King's Lynn, the ninth EEIRAC. Full Lane, Shaftesbury, Dorset 5P7 8LF. News details and booking form (send SAE) and press releases may be sent to the from Mrs Brenda Taylor, Crown Editor or the appropriate AIA Regional House, Horsham St Faiths, Nonivich Correspondents. The Editor maY he 854707. NRlO 3JD. telephoned on 01747

9-1 l July 1999 Final copy dates are as follows: 27TH ANNUAL HISTORY OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING 30 March for May mailing WEEKEND 30 June for August mailing mailing at the University of Bristol, with a 30 September for November for February mailing programme of lectures and visits to 30 December local museums and places of The AIA was established in 197j to promote historical interest. Further details the study of lndustrial Archaeology and from Helen Pope, SET Division, lEE, encourage improved standards of recording, Savoy Place, London WC2R 0BL. I research, conservation and publication lt regional and 0171 344 5439, Fax: 0171 497 3633, aims to assist and support specialist suruey groups and bodies involved e-mail: [email protected] in the DreseMation of industrial monuments, 7-10 September 1999 to represent the intercsts of lndustrial at national level, to hold PRESERVATION OF THE Archaeology conferences and seminars and to publish the ENGINEERING HERITAGE: results of research. The AIA publishes an GDANSK OUTLOOK 2OOO annual Review and quarterly News bulletin. the third conference on industrial Further details nay be obtained from the history to be held at the Technical Liaison Officer, AIA Office, School of University. Their home page is at: Archaeological Studies, University of Leicester. Leicester LEI 7RH. http://www.pg. gda.pl/- peh go2 000/ 8 01 16 252 5337 Fax: 0l l6 252 5005 For details contact International Conference Preservation of the The views exoressed in this bulletin are Engineering Heritage - Gdansk not necessarily those of the Association Outlook 2000, Secretary, Waldemar for Industrial Archaeology.

16 @ Association for lndustrial Archaeology, February 1999

Typeset by TBc Electronic Publishing, shaftesbury. Dorset Printed by Graphikon, Gillingham, Dorset