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Josiah Wedgwood Bicentenary

The great potter Jostah Wedgwood died on 3 wood perfected his last ceramic body known as January 1795, and tt is ight that the event Jasper in 1774 This is an unglazed vitreous fine should be celebrated But what is it that made stoneware which can be stained blue, green or him so famous? He cerlainly revolutionised the other colours as a base for aoolied white classical manufacture of pottery by introducing new fine reliels or portraits in the same material lt was wares along with mass productton whtch in orized above all his oroducts and is still a valued creased effrcrency and reduced costs lo proyide ornamental ware ol world ciass He considered inexpensive quailA poftery within the reach of his finest ever achievement was the replica of the more aeoole He was aiso successfui in markel Barberini or Portland Vase in 1789, Jasper ware ing and was influential rn the development of continues to be made today, with its finely de- tran spoft sy ste ms a rou n d Sto ke -o n - T re nt tailed bas-relief ornaments still applied by hand Cameos ,n Jasper and Black Basalt wares The 'Father of English Potters' was born at were produced as jewellery in metal mounts Burslem Staffordshire in 1730, the youngest of 12 manufactured by among others, Matthew Boulton children in a family with a pofting tradition, After at Birmingham Medallions were produced too, his apprenticeshp, he became a partner in 1754 among them the well-known Slave Medallion of of Thomas Wh eldon of Fenton, said by some to 178/ depicting a manacled kneeling slave with the be the greatest English potter of h,s time caption 'Am I Not A Man And A Brother?' lor Whielden gave him reign to experiment, but within Josiah was a campaigner for the abolition of 'ive years le set up on h,s own at tne lvy Ho.lse slavery He was also sympathetic to the American Josiah Wedgwood I by George Stubbs, enamel on and Potworks at Burslem War ol Independence and the French Revolution, bisque plaque Photo Josiah Wedgwood & Sons Ltd it rs said that Wedgwood's greatest achieve- Wedgwood was in partnershrp with his close ment and contribution to the British pottery indus- friend Thomas Bentley, a Liverpool merchant, from The enquiring and scientific side of Wedg- try was the deveiopment and production in 1762 1769 until the latter's death in 1780 The interna- wood turned to matters other than the perfection of the cream coloured earthenware which later tional success of the firm was undoubtedly aided oJ new bodies and manulacturing processes For became known as Oueen's Ware after the unso- through Bentley's many contacts, and travellers example, he invented a pyrometer which could iicited patronage of Queen Charotte Commercial- throughout Europe and even North America, measure very high temperatures, valuable in the 'Potter ising on this, he was quick to print to Her soon became familar with Wedgwood earthen- ceramics industry, and for this he was elected a Malesty' on hrs birl headrngs He found rnat by wares Many of the great European potteries were Fellow of the Royal Society in 1783 first cultivating the custom ol royaity it was inevita- soon imitating Wedgwood's work, which can only His other key role in the developing Industrial 'middling ble that the people' would wsh to follow be seen as a compliment Revolution was his active promotion of transport their exampJe Catherine the Great s famous Frog Service' of 1774 was of this type This enormous dinner and dessed service for 50 peoole con- sisted of 952 preces hand-decorateo wrth paint- ings of 1,244 different English scenes with the addition of green enamer f,og crests The o I came to t2,290 12s 4d With great patience, Wedgwood experimented with many ceramic bodies, as his notebooks record His first ornamental ware was developed in 1768 This was Black Basalt an improvement on the cruder Egyptian brac(' arready being nanrfactrred by Staffordshire potters True to l"is prediction that 'the Black is sterling and wlll last forever' it has remained popular ever since for vases, teawares, busts and cameos After thou- sands of experiments over three years, Wedg- The Etruria lactory, Stoke-on-Trcnt, (1 759-1 950) Josiah Wedgwood & Sons Lnttetd

Limekiln typology o AIA Awards o Jackfield Bridge o National Trust and lA Wedgwood bicentenary o Gonference News o AIA Forward Plan o 1994 AGM Report systems to open up the isolated Staffordshire industrlal names, the Wedg- potteries district, first turnpikes and then the Trent wood company, lounded in and Mersey Canal, of which he was treasurer, lt 1759. is still going strong. was Wedgwood who cut the first sod in 1766, but Indeed the Wedgwood the lull 93-mile route was not completed until Group includes several fa- 1777 Ne had hls own interest in this of course for mous names. including Coal- it reduced transport costs through to Liverpool port China (established and Hull, and ooened uo the continental markets, c1750) and Mason's lron- The waterway facilitated the carriage of delicate Srone (established 1795) pottery products and also allowed for the importa- The headquarters factory site tion ol bulky raw materials such as Cornish clays at Barlaston, Stoke-on-Trent, Meanwhile, Wedgwood's manufacturing base is the most extensive and had moved first to the Brick House Works (known modern of its type in the as the Bell Works because he installed a bell to world, combining traditional summon his workers), and then on 13 June 1769 eighteenth century craft skills to a purpose-built factory beside the line of the with the latest technical proc- proposed Trent and Mersey Canal The layout of esses in the manufacture of this Etruria Works is said to have been influenced high quality tableware and by Matthew Bolton's Soho Works at Birmingham ornamental wares in fine which was opened just three years before, Wedg- bone china, fine earthenware wood's famous factory took the name 'Etruria' (Queen's Ware), Jasper Ware because at the time there was a widespread belief and Black Basalt. that the Greek and ltalian pottery being excavated So 1995, this bicentenary at Pompeii was Etruscan Here, mechanisation year of Josiah's death, is was introduced in the 1770s, which increased being celebrated in great bas-retief olnament output and lowered costs, Mass production of styleiA major exhibition-entr- lrnamen.tineleach !:"!l1?d,.?!,111d y,J":p:',^y?: ,The a method unaftered stnce tte days of Josiah Wedgwood I - not for the ornamental wares was achieved with moulds tldd Genius of Wedg- by sake of tradition butbecauseltlsthebestwaytoNeseMetheclarityotthe which could be used by semi-skilled workers, wood, is to be held at the fine detail Photo: Josiah wedwood & Sons ud Around 160 years later, through foresight and Victoria and Albert MuSeUm at a time of difiiculties in the industry, the fifth in London from 8 June to 17 Josiah Wedgwood purchased a site with room for September The centrar atrraction f;lydy*:HTditl t[,.f3'll; il,il5J;i,'#*: expansion for a new factory at Barlaston, Produc- 250 pleces of the Frog s:ry'.:^It1d.y^r^:1-]1''ll^bf.^i,,.,f. ionlr otzaz zo4i41).Galery, Hantey, and atthe tion started in 1940 but it was not until 1950s that catherine ll of Russia in 1774' TTl9i'^9tl.lgT wecigwooo Visitor centre antj Museu'nr at Barlas- Etruria was closed. petersburs for rhis exhibitior:..pi?lg the old site St ton-lr orzaz 204j41). D It is satisfying that unlike so many famous on-Trenl. there will be soecial exhibttions :1.[.:at the

The interpretation of the physical remains to ence in using the A|A-devised Index Record for determine whether a kiln has been intermittent or Industrial Sites (lRlS) forms to record the limekilns Limekilns and continuous required detailed conslderation of the in the vicinity. Trying to complete the forms with typologies features. Marilyn refened to the excavations by the such a large group was not very successlul but heights of Geoffrey Starmer Leicestershire Industrial History Society at Calke the walk to see the limekilns took in the Abbey where the shape of the hearths could be Lincoln Hill above lronbridge, with unusual views Typologies have long been an impoftant tool ol used as a basis for classification. Because burnt of the wharf warehouse, the lron Bridge and the mainstream archaeology, and last year's AIA lime had to be kept dry, there was a need for power station at Buildwas. The tour crossed the affiliated societles weekend at honbridge exam- storage space close to the kiln, and some kilns bridge to the less{requented and wooded side of ined their use in industrial archaeology Different incorporated large arches for this purpose, the gorge where the Bower Yard bank of limekilns indusfrles were discussed, eg malting (see a In conclusion, Marilyn proposed stages in the was exproreo, summary of Amber Patrick's paper in /A News methodology lor establishing a typology: Some general points about typologies 91), but a major paft of the weekend concen- tr Construction of a spatial map of sites emerged from the weekend: trated on limekilns. The following account sum- tr Interpret the physical evidence on each site, in rela- tr Typology is the study of types, which are classes ol marises the proceedings tion to landowners, topography, geology and com- things having some common characteristics Midland limekilns were taken by Marilyn Palmer as munications tr Typology is more than merely classification, but is a particular case for typology She re-emphasised tr Develop a working hypothesis as to which kilns are slructuring data in sequence by considering that typologies provide a theoretical basis lor intermittent and which are continuous changes through time tackling huge banks ol data but they had to take D Extend the regional hypothesis to a national typoF tr Typology is important because into account regional variations. Using some 0gy it gives order to study splendid slides to illustrate the main points, Mari- Subseouent sessions were devoted to shorter it enables groups to be identified in a meaninglul lyn considered three aspects when studying lime- contributions irom delegates. In Dorset, there way and having identified types, one can choose kilnst were around 80 limekiln sites where enough what to record thoroughly E Physical content survives to begin to classify into groups The it is a tool in pursuing academic development What is the local geology? classification was based on the draw arch style There are possible dangers in using typologies: ls it burning local limestone, (a) lor local use, or (b) (see Peter Stanier's accompanying article in this tr Typology can cause us to look at some points about for export elsewhere? issue) A study of the numerous small farmers' a structure and not notice other leatures ls it importing stone for use in its hinterland? limekilns in the Yorkshire Dales placed great tr Typologies can lead to circular arguments and self- ls it along a line ol communication, such as a canal emphasis on the orientation of the draw hole. Of justifying hypotheses, eg if you say all canal-sited or railway? 200 limekiln sites identified in Herefordshire, 59 kilns are commercial kilns, then you can show that O Spatial distribution had remains signilicant enough to be regarded as all commercial kilns are situated on canals ls it a single, isolated kiln? buildings, and another 35 were in ruins, A notable E 'Process' is the key to most industrial archaeology ls it a battery of kilns? regional variation quite unlike anywhere else was but rt is easier to base a typology on form, eg the ls it a group ol kilns in close proximity (as at Calke found in Norfolk, where nearly all the limekilns shape ol the draw arch may have no effect on the Abbey)? were underground, normally with a circular gallery process of lime-burning E Tvoe of kiln around the central column of the firing chamber. It was also noted that regional terminology for lntermittent or flare kiln? On the Saturday afternoon, delegates met on limekilns causes problems for typology. Continuous or draw kiln? the lron Bridge with the oblect of gaining experi- tr 2 INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEW.S s2 A suggested typology for Dorset limekilns Peter Stanier

A survey which set out to establish the age, number, location and survival of limekilns in Dor- set gathered enough material to attempt a simple typology based on the draw arch Although some larger commercial limekilns were operated by lime merchants mostly in the twentieth century, this article is concerned with rural farmers' kilns pre- dating 1900. From over 300 sites, only 71 survive in a condition suitable for making observations on style (lor the main results, see Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society vol 115 1993) Eaoh limekiln is so individual that there is little evidence that any two were built by the same hand Despite this, some general styles can be identilied from the most orominent architectural above left: Limekiln with round draw arch in stone (type A) at Longbunon, Notth Dorset above right: Limekiln feature, the draw arch, Using this classification, with pointed draw arch (type C) at Loders, West Do rset below: Limekiln with round brick draw arch (type B) the known limekilns were grouped lnto five types at Woolland, Notth Dorset Photos: Petet Staniel (with the addition of four others for the commer- Variations include Bl (double brick arch), C1 cial-sized kilns). Some regional groupings are (pointed brick arch), D1 (double tlmber lintels) suggested when plotted on a map Type A (round and E (a one-off 'miscellaneous'). stone arches) are more common around Sher- It must be emphasised that this is a simple borne in north Dorset, Type B (round brick arches) scheme, and the arches vary within each cat- are common on the chalk areas, where flint could egory. The arch feature was chosen as a starting not be used lt was felt initially that Type C point, being immediately accessible for study, (pointed arch) was an early design This may still without resort to excavation. lt is recognised that be true as these are common in west Dorset, the draw arch recess or the draw-hole could be where agricultural writers described early lime- also studied, but the size and shape of the kiln burning in the eighteenth century However, geol- pot is likely to yield most information (except most ogy could be a factor, reflecting certain stones' are infilled and require excavation!), Marilyn Palm- suitability for constructing this simple form of arch, er's observations on the shape of the hearth could Type D (timber lintels), were cheaper to build in prove more conclusive when considering the age terms oJ materials Again, are they an early of the kilns design? This seems to be evidenced at one site, where a timber lintel was replaced by a brick arch, D TYPE / AO , \/ \ Or | a'\ -'l: at 81 a , -.'l? - \_. Bo t ,ooto?o r--7 C1 a ,o I CA \^ I ,- -' o-o , DI Dl I I l- a a? -' I aaaa I btr f r' A3 t A? a t -a-a -- rA \ ,o? nA lz'I -AvAA t--t n ^ a ? AA. I AA o .aaA A -A A? o a^ i- o A? R.t.tf 2 o o a A

10 KM

TNDUSTRTAL ARCHAEOLOGy NE[//S 92 3 Looking forur?rds - the National Trust and IA Gary Marshall

/n thi,s its centenary year the National lrust is no during the 1930s as a roller skating rink, Ultimately longer just a custodian of country houses, the rnilt and its surroundings are to be used as a gardens, estates, counlryside and coast/rnes, local resource and interoretation centre with sev- but finds ltse/f rn possession of a wide array of eral of the cottage interiors reinstated to their industrial sltes and /andscapes As paft of the nineteenth-century appearance One of the first celebrations to mark the achievements of the tasks will be to renovate the roof of the mill, and past years 1895, the building will be lit by electricity generated from 100 since its inauguration rn Ravenscar alum works, North Yorkshire, showing a installation after the mill pond has the Trust has tnitiated a number of conseNation a hydro-electric cistem for alum liquor on the upper level of the 18th prelimlnary this work, the projects thtoughout lts s/xfeen regions These been dredged, As a to century alum house. Photo: The National Trust include several major projects on industrial mill complex and its surroundings have been the archaeological sites sublect of an archaeological appraisal undertaken aims to acquire threatened coastline) has brought by the West Yorkshire Archaeological Service, in many such landscapes, including the alum Quarry Bank Mill in Cheshire was one of the Too numerous to mention are the many quarries of the Yorkshire coast and the complex The Trust's earliest'industrial acquisitions and at the smaller on-going projects within the regtons, such slate quarries on the north Cornish coast. identify their trme (1939) was recognised as a rare surviving as the repair of erosion damage around the Holy challenge with such landscapes is to example of an eighteenth-century industrial com- lsland limekilns in Northumbria and the continuing significance and requirements for management, plex, During the first decade of the nineteenth consolidation and maintenance ol the Ravenscar and to identify important components within these century, several beam engines were introduced Alum Works in North Yorkshire The centenary landscapes, Two examples which have recently into the mill to supplement the power supplied by projects outlined above are significant develop- come to the Trust's Yorkshire region are the the existing water wheels, and as one of its ments for the Trust since they represent major ironstone calcining kilns in Runswick Bay and the centenary projects the Mercia region of the Trust commitments towards the management and inter- massive Guibal ventilating lanhouse associated will be reinstating an engine into one of the engtne pretation of large industrial archaeological with the Huntcliffe ironstone mine in Cleveland houses on the no(h side of the mill This 10HP projects, The 1990s has perhaps seen the Trust's As the Trust continues into and beyond its engine - built to a Bolton and Watt configuration - policy on industrial archaeology reaching a de- centenary year it will continue to respond t0 the was salvaged from a Macclesfield sawmill, and gree of maturity since it was first formulated in the needs of industrial archaeology Recent acquisi- once installed wlll be used to run some of the 1960s This has arisen partly as a response t0 tions, such as Patterson's Spade Mill in Northern part machinery within the body of the mill. outside pressure and tnfluence, and partly as a lreland and the Finch Foundry in Devon, are In Cornwall, the acceptance ol the two pump- consequence of a gradual internal change of ol a more proactive response towards these ing and winding engines at East Pool in 1967 direction and attitude which sees the Trust's requirements, To some extent the Trust will also 'preserving represented something of a milestone for the objective of places of historic interest' respond towards parameters set by external or- judicious Trust, since these were an acquisition made as having a wider remit beyond that of the ganisations, for example through acqui- largely on engrneering achievement rather than 0n Country House and its garden and estate land- sition and sympathetic management of sites high- architectural or aeslhetic merit The Cornwall re- scape lighted by English Heritage's Monuments Protec- gion now owns a number ol engine houses on the Not that this should detract from the enormous tion Programme The Trust s recently revised ar- north coast, including the winding engine at the industrial archaeological potential ol the Country chaeological sites and monuments database will Levant Mine, During the centenary year, the region House and its estate The Trust owns and man- at the same time provide a clearer picture of what properly will focus its attention on the management and ages a huge range and diversity of industrial the Trust owns and how it should be interpretation of the engine houses forming part ol archaeological sites and has acquired unrlvalled managed This is an important development, the Kenidjack complex near St Just These were evidence ol domestic service technology, farm since one of the Trusts's greatest assets is the acquired at the end ol 1994 and the programme and estate technology, and small scale commer- evidence of small scale estate technology which it ol management, prepared in conjunction with the cial industry, The Calke estate in Derbyshire, with owns, and this needs to be presented alongside Cornwall Archaeological Unit who have completed its lime-burning complex and brickworks, high- the aesthetic, architectural and artistic achieve- an extensive survey of the mines in this area, will lights the self-sufficiency attained by such estates, ments of the Country House D include consolidation of the engine houses and whilst the survival of the ancillary buildings and the consolidation and cap- kitchen, laundry, bake- ping of shaft collars, house, sawmill, smithy The Yorkshire region of the Trust has high- and joiner's shop at Er- lighted the renovation ol Gibson's Mill in Hebden- digg near Wrexham pro- dale, West Yorkshire, as one of its centenary vides testimony to the projects The mill together with workers' housing, contribution made by do- is part of an early nineteenth-century cotton spin- mestic staff in the running ning complex which was cleared of machinery at ol the house and its es- the turn ol the century and subsequentlv used tate, The survival of Sir William Armstrong's hy- dro-electric scheme at Cragside in Northumbria illustrates the sort ol tech- nical innovation often found as a response to the demands of the Country House, The Trust's other; great strength is in the acqursition and manage- ment of landscapes, many characterised by past industrial activity In 'En- particular, the Trust's A lgth century Scotch kitn forming paft ol the Ticknall bricloarcrks on the Calke Gibson's Mill in Hebdondale Photo: The Nalional Trust terprise Neptune' (whioh Abbevestate photo:TheNationat!rust 4 TNDUSTRTALARCHAEOLOGYNEWS 92 history of non{enous mining is lollowed by what The AIA Fieldwork Awards for 1994 is a comprehensive catalogue of mining features Stephen Hughes in the county Material marshalled in this way is a prerequisite for good heritage management All of this is doubly impressive for being largely the For this the ninth year of the awards there was a pits and underground culverts with the production product of one individual's voluntary enthusiasm, most impressive range of entries, both in quality of wonderfully comprehensive site drawings relat The presentation of this AIA Initiative Award to and quantity, The professionalism of all the entries ing these subterranean and lower structures to the Mark was made by the retiring Chairman of the was outstanding, whether by those who financed upper floors ol the mill, The text accompanying Awards, Stephen Hughes, at the Llanberis meef their own studies, by those who did projects as the illustrated record may have been a piece ol ing of the Welsh Industrial Archaeology Panel in 'dirt' joy part ol their student courses, or by archae- technical work but the ludges also found it a November, ologists applying their training to remains of the to read. The judges were unanimous in giving the Pat Frost's study of the Clwyd Metal Mines, industrial period, 1994 AIA Award for the Most Outstanding Ptece of undertaken for the Clwyd-Powys Archaeological 0f the last category, Jeremy Milln's first ven- Fieldwork in the Area of lndustrial Archaeology lo Trust, funded by Cadw: Welsh Historic Monu- ture into the field of industrial archaeology was this very fine recording exercise. The presentation ments, and following Mark's model methodology outstanding. Jeremy, the National Trust's Field of the certilicate and cash award was made by was also a very impressive piece ol work and is Archaeologist for the Mercia (Midlands) region, the AIA President, John Crompton, at the Win- highly commended, compiled a report on Power Development at the chester Conference last September David Cranstone and Eric Instone produced a northern end of the Trust's famous Quarry Bank The AIA Award for the Most Enterprising Piece very competent and thorough archaeological sur- textile mill at Styal near Manchester. This involved of lndustrial Archaeologrcal Fieldwork in 1994 went vey small but intensively worked mining 'ghosts' of a a masterly investigation of the of a to Mark Walters of the Clwyd-Powys Arch- landscape at the Gunnerside Gill Lead Mines, off succession of large waterwheels, evolving into the aeological Trust. His Powys Metal Mines Survey is Swaledale in North Yorkshire, The report dis- technical sophistication of Fairbairn's'suspen- an impressive example of a non-intensive rapid cusses methodology, conclusions, comparisons sion' wheel, water turbines and steam englnes. survey of mining landscapes, and arranged com- and recommendations, and has substantial gzef This involved the exploration and interpretation of plex by complex A very lucid summary of the teers that will provide valuable records for the future, The other three entries were student studies Helen Gomershall's study ol the Co-operative Wholesale Society's Boot and Shoe Factories covered an unusual and interesting subject My- fanwy Eaves and Sharon Hall dealt with the unique site at Leighton near lronbridge in Shrop- shire, where an ordinary-looking pub sits on top of a large diameter waterwheel driving a corn mill in the basement, and also the base of an early blast-furnace, The use of comparative material in order to understand and interpret the layout of the visible remains is commendable. Last yeais winners, Grenville Astill's study of the Medieval lronworking Forges at Bordesley Abbey (most outstanding piece ol fieldwork) and the Great Orme Copper Mines Ltd's survey (enter- prising fieldwork prolect), have been able to utilise the accolade given by the Awards in the publicity sunounding, and publication of, their work and sites by the Council for British Archaeology and by the Great Orme Mines Ltd This in turn has a brought credit to the Association for running these Award Schemes Finally I must thank my fellow judges, Keith Falconer, Michael Lewis and Amber Patrick, lor being willing to spend the time and thought necessary to read, judge and report 0n these Awards. I wish Victoria Beauchamp well in the continuance of the Fieldwork Awards Scheme, All entries should be sent by 1st May 1995 to Victoria Beauchamp, c/o The Division of Adult Continuing Education, University of Sheffield, 196-198 West Street Sheifield S1 4ET D

Cross-sectlon ol Styal Mill, near ManchesteL show- ing the superlative standard of recording, drawing l,t"n and interpretation of the powet generation sluc- tures al rts base thal won Jereny Milln the AIA Fieldwork Award for 1994 Dnwing : The National Trust TNDUSTRTAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS 92 5 AIA NEWS

ing more lRlS training sessions, and of residence, where accommoda- adds these to the SMR, this would EDITORIAL establrshing a sub-commrttee of tion, meeting space and meals will mean that 4600 new industrial ar trainers But this isn't just an rssue all be in the same building, lt lies chaeological sites in England would A new year, a new Editor and a for Council; the Association needs a about two miles west of the city be offered some kind of protection. short editorial Like Peter Wakelin, I priority commitment from the total centre in a pleasant Victodan sub- Not bad when you think about it! do not intend to adopt editorials as membership, and we look lonrvard to urb, just off the A57 Manchester It is not only the current alliliated a regular feature However, this is an the proof of that commitment in road, and is well served by buses. societies that have taken uP the opportunity to give all our thanks for terms of completed records. The host organisations will be offer Several local history groups 0r the hard work (and I am beginning ln 1995 the Association will be the Shetfield Trades Historical Soci- groups of specific interest have be- to find out how muchl) put in by pursuing ever closer liaison with ety - the world's oldest local society come involved, and as a result the Peter, who has so successfully government (and non-departmental) Jor industrial history and industrial AIA should see its membershiP guided the old Bulletin through into institutions concerned with recording preservation, founded in 1933 - and growing and reaching a wider audi- this new improved and enlarged /A and conservation lRlS will remarn an the University o1 Sheffield's Division ence A number of socteties are News This is also a chance to important vehicle lor information ex- of Adult Continuing Education The already well on their way to the 100 introduce myself At the Winchester change with the National Monu- Society has voted to rename itself mark; including the Shropshire Cav- conference (as it seems is usually ments Record, and there will be the South Yorkshire Industrial History ing and Mining Club, the Society for the case at every one) there was further discussions on a joint publi- Society to rellect its wider cunent Lincolnshire History and Archaeol- much talk of who was in at the cation' lor the Millennium The mil- area of activity, and is awaiting ap- ogy and the Black Country SocietY beginning ol the AIA I am pleased lennium conference of the Interna- proval from the Charity Commission- In the autumn issue I mentioned to say that I have been around quite tional Committee for the Conserva- ers the imminent integration of some ol a while - since the inaugural meeting tion of Industrial Heritage (TlCClH) is The Society and the Division look the terms from the lRlS wordlist into in March 1974, an event followed now being planned by a Working forward to welcoming the AIA to the RCHME thesaurus, This work later that year by a memorable first Party bringing together representa- South Yorkshire, which has a long has now been completed, much to national conlerence under the Asso- tives of the Commissions, English history of industry including water the satisfaction of the Royal Com- ciation's banner at Keele University I Heritage, The Science Museum, TIC- power, iron, steel, engineering, coal mission, and establishes the lRlS have not been able to attend every CIH itself and the AlA. Here we seek and glass, as well as local speciali- wordlist as the most definitive set ol conlerence since and, apart from a longer term benefit. of better rep- ties such as cutlery, silverware. edge industrial archaeology terms to be contributions to the lA Review, I have resentation and liaison with lA in tool manufacture, and linen weaving, found. In due course, it is hoped the kept a low profile, so now is perhaps Europe and throughout the world At Elsecar the only Newcomen lRlS wordlist will stand as an official the time to put something back into One very important event in 1994 atmospheric engine still in its original sub-set of the RCHME thesaurus. the Association Peter Stanier was the two-day Leicester seminar engine house celebrates its bicente- Those of you who attended the on Managing the Industrial Heritage; nary in 1995, which is also the 150th AIA Conference in Winchester last Planning the AIA's it was an excellent gathering in its anniversary of the Woodhead railway September may remember my Plea own right, and it brought the Asso- tunnel and of Sheff ield's f irst rail for help in the counties where no luture ciation before a new audience and connected steelworks industrial archaeology s0ciety ap- brought an influx of new members, We shall visit these and some of pears to exist or there are no other Now that the Association has a For- The papers will be published in the many other working and pre- known contacts I received little re- ward Plan, duly approved by the 1995, and a similar seminar is al- served sites that survive to tell us sponse from this, so once again I membership at the 1994 AGM, ready being planned for 1996 The about the area's industrial past, appeal to those ol you in the follow- Council has a new responsibility, Association is concerned to encour- David Crossley and I, the local or- ing counties ll you are willing to The Fonvard Plan must be kept age new members, particularly from ganisers, do hope you will join us become involved with lRlS and live under review, and desirable activities the new student courses which are Derek Bayliss in Bedfordshire, Buckinghamshire, must be prloritised in line with the appearing We hope to make it Essex, Hertfordshire, Kent or Tyne Association's resources, Those re- easier for students to attend confer- Getting along with and Wear, please get in touch with sources are chiefly human, but even ence and other activities, and the tRts me at the address below Kent is of a superhuman Council cannot do all 1995 Conference introduces a new particular urgency as the new county the things which would be useful - development, a day for short re- SMR Officer David Eve, is very keen In the autumn issue (90) ol /A News I not all at once, an;nvay! search papers lrom students and to enhance the records with indus- told you about the enthusiasm with So Council has been considering indeed from any members who wish tnal archaeology, but neither he nor I which the lRlS lnitiative has been which activities should have priority to make a presentation of moderate know where to begin! received, and of the various different in 1995 There is no argument about lengtn. Remember, it is up to you to approaches there are to the record- the Iirst priority, which is to maintain 0h yes - and we will continue to help save the industrial heritage ing I also informed you of the Royal the lRlS project, The presenl grant improve and publish the News and Buildings disappear almost over- Commission on the Historical Monu- aid lrom the Department ol National the Revlew, organise the lronbridge night and, unless you have com- ments of England (RCHME) rnvolve- Heritage, which since 1992 has ena- Weekend and the Conference, en- pleted an lRlS form and added the ment, and of our offer of free AIA bled AIA to employ Michael True- courage research, recording and site to the county SMR, you have membership to all societies returning man, Julie Williams and now Jane evaluation. make representations on only got yourself to blame when this over 100 completed lRlS forms in Robson, comes to an end in March planning applications, and do all happens. How can it be saved when the given twelve month period Since 19Q5 Ovpr that qamp ncrigl yyg those things which make the Asso- it isn't known about? Once under- then the lRlS Initiative has pro- have used grant from the Lyndhurst ciation the lively body which you all way, the lBlS volunteers are linding gressed further, so here is a quick Trust and from the Association's re- enloy and appreciate, Best wishes the lorm quick and easy to use Any update, seryes, e, your money, We have ior 1995 from the President and amount of information is useful, be it Many local societies and groups qitp qrrrvev made another application to DNH Council John Crompton a cnmnlctc or a few have taken up the offer of free affilia- for a Management Grant towards the rotted notesl So why not grve it a go, tion to the AIA and are busy record- continuation of Jane Fobson's work 1995 AIA Conlerence and give your local heritage a help- ing the various industrial archaeo- through the Archaeorogy Unit at Lan- ing hand towards its protection For logical sites found in their localities caster but the Assocation will have The AIA's 1995 Conlerence will be more information on lRlS (lndex Sites and Monuments Record (SMR) to find 50% of the cost of continua- held in Shelf ield on Friday 8 to Record for Industrial Sites), please Oflicers have welcomed the olfer, tion Council is quite sure that this is Sunday 10 Septemoer, with a sup- contact me at Lancaster University hoping that it will stimulate action our most important activity, showing porting programme on Sunday 10 to Archaeological Unit, Storey Institute, where, up until now, it has perhaps enormous benefits even if we are Thursday 14 September The venue Meetlng House Lane, Lancaster LA.l been quiet in their counties ll each not getting in as many lRlS lorms as will be Ranmoor House, the largest lTH t 01524 848666 county completes 100 forms and we could In 1995 we will be anang- ol the University of Sheffield's halls Jane Robson

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY e2 6 ^'/EV\IS Readers are encouraged to write to the Editor far lrom complete task of evaluating, rather with their views on the Comment feature or G@MMEN]I than just recording, our stock of industrial olher lssues sites and monuments Progress will depend The beginning of a New Year, it is said, is a good time for resolutions on seizing opportunities for overcoming the One might be to avoid the endless reviews of the previous twelve weaknesses Local societies (and the Association itsell) should not months; the'goal of the year', the sports personality, the great political expect to retain existing and attract new members by maintaining the events of the year same types of programmes and activity which were successful in the 1970s, and should consider whether the oooortunities and needs of lA How does lA fare in an end of year review? In round terms, it's forty today can provide the required stimulus The need to evaluate and years since Donald Dudley and Michael Rix wrote and used the term prioritise industrial sites is society's need, and the network established 'industrial archaeology', thirty years since the first local lA societies were by the AIA lRlS project provides the best opportunity for local societies formed, and twenty years since the AIA got into its stride These forty and individuals to satisfy that need years have seen many arguments and some setbacks, but the main - characteristic has been continuous progress The existence of lA is Threats? recession may have temporarily diminished the rate of threats generally acknowledged, and most libraries have a decent stock of to old industrial buildings, but a lead role in forming public opinion is still books in the subject Government institutions recognise, research and the most important contribution we can make to conservation issues protect industrial monuments in the same way that they deal with This means talking amongst ourselves about the priorities and value of monuments of other periods, within the constraints of economic reality industrial heritage, and involvrng others, particularly those in positions of and public perception Industrial landscapes are identified and desig- influence, in our conversations and activities lf we cannot, as groups or nated for their historic and cultural significance; local authorities look to individuals, become involved we expose ourselves to the greatest threat rndustrial monuments for assrstance with economic regeneration, and of all, that from within the lA movement itself as it fails to adaot to new industrial recording has become a significant element in the work of challenges in a developing social context regional archaeology units New academic courses and new periodicals How long is it since we actually wrote up a site? How long is it since we are appearing to supplement those which are already firmly established told anyone else about a site, particularly someone who is in a position In terms of that oft-used activity planning process, the SWOT analysis, to use the information and to do something about it? How long since we the strengths of lA are pretty impressive But there are some led a discussion at our society meeting, or put something other than our weaknesses perceived on two different fronts On the'personnel'front is subscriptions into it? decreasing support for evening classes and declining numbers/ Will our New Year resolutions ensure progress for another forty years? increasing age profile of many local societies; on the 'results' front is the John Crompton

lronbridge Weekend main proceedings at this years AIA grsts by introducing a new Student Members news Shelfield conference Paoers are in- Category The Association welcomes the fol- vited of approximately 20 minutes The Closing Date for Entries is 1 The annual AIA lronbridge weekend, lowing new duration, each of which will be fol- May 1995 Successful entries will be members: lor affiliated society representatives Carol Banlett, lowed by a discussion period. Pa- notified in August The successful Harrogate and other members ol the Associa- J W Bower, Bury pers should either present recent, authors will be invited to attend the tion, will be held from 31 March to 2 Pietro Capone, Castri di Lecce, ltaly previously unpublished research, or AIA annual conference in Sheffield to April This year it is on the theme ol /sabe//e Cases, Caveuac, France make a contribution towards the phi- collect their award in early Septem- coping with the closure of major DrJCCutler,Sheffield losophy, methodology or other simi- ber Entries should be sent to: Victo- industrial sites The obvious mam- Jean Davidson, Southampton lar aspect of industrial archaeology ria Beauchamp, c/o The Division of moth problems of recording and Malcolm Hift, Bradford Suitable papers will be considered Adult Continuing Education, Univer- preservation, and the fate ol relevant A D Hodgson, Winal for publication in the lndustrial Ar- sity of Sheff ield, 196-198 West company records, have taxed indus- I C lacnar Kontichacra chaeology Reylew, The closing date Street, Sheffield Sl4ET Further de- trial archaeologists increasingly in Daisy B knge, Uppingham for offers is 30 April 1995, and po- tails are also available f rom the recent years and we hope these Adam Menuge, York tential contributors are invited to above address questions wll get a good atring over Nlcho/as Molyneux, Bimngham contact Dr Marrlyn Palmer. Depart- Michael Price, the weekend The full and interesting London ment of History and Archaeology, J M Proctor, Sheffield programme nas oeen arrangeo Dy Ofl to the continent The University, Leicester LE1 7RH W L Short, Leighton Buzzard the AIA's Affiliated Societies Liaison u 01162522821 Reading through the Diary page, Alan Sibley, Royston Officer, Gordon Knowles, and in- you will see that two continental Mr & Mrs R I Sly/es, Devizes cludes speakers with experience of tours have been arranged in late Petet Witts, Cheltenhan specific types of site and their prob- Announcing Three May-early June 1995 The AIA's own Kenneth Wood, Huddersfield lems, while a visit to the lronbridge AIA visit to the Netherlands is almost The lollowing institutions have also 'B' power station should present the Fieldwork and fully booked, so if you are still inter- become subscribers: opportunity lor seeing lhe scale ol Recording Awards lor ested, contact David Alderton imme- Bradford lLbraries the task at first hand, Shorter contri- Depaftment ol Planning, Birningham 1 diately To name just some of the butions from delegates are also in- 995 City Council delights, the busy itinerary includes vited Slockport Central Library distilling, paper making, a complex Details and booking forms are The AIA Fieldwork Award scheme of 12 drainage windmills, museums enclosed with this mailing Please exists to encourage recording of the It is with sadness that we announce phvsical covering dredgrng, railways and book lor the weekend using the remains of the industrial the death of members Eric Lodge of maritjme archaeology, steam trams enclosed form Querles should be peiiC to high archaeologicat stand- Skipton, North Yorkshire and of and the famous Cruquius steam addressed to Gordon Knowles, 7 ards The awards are open to both Dougias Francis Pluck, of Harleston Qnr rirrolc Groon Arocl Rr pumping station lf you miss this, try -J0Knam, amateur and professionai field work- Norf olk, the second trip, which is berng or- Leatherhead, Surrey KT23 3LE ers, and have been operating suc- ganised by the Railway and Canal cessfully for almost a decade Work Mailing error Historical Society lt starts in Brus- submitted may aiready have been A computer error may have resulted lA seminar at sels and will be based near Charl- published or if not, entrants may be In some members not receiving the eroi in southern Belgium The tour Sheffield encouraged to publish As well as last /A News and /A Revlew, which will include canal lifts and preserved the main award there is also the were ma led together in December railways Or, if you cannot choose, A seminar on the theme ol cunent Initiative Award for innovative 11 you thrnr< you have lost olt, prease and while you are across the Chan- research and thinking in industrial projects, eg those from local socie- contact the Membership Secretary, year nel it seems possible to jorn them archaeology will be held on Friday 8 ties This we are also encourag- David Perrett 33 St Margaret s both I September before the start ol the ing the future industrial archaeolo- Road, Brockley, London SE4 lYL TNDUSTRTALARCHAEOLOGYNEWS 92 7 NEWS

The event also bridge and wharl in Shropshire, the sea Junction Canal. New Planning From sea to marked the 200th anniversary of the Bowes Railway in Tyne and Wear, Opened in 1681, the broad Canal du opening of the Brentford to Uxbridge Guidance and the Old Kilns at Rosedale East Midi in south western France links North Yorkshire; finally, the section of the Grand Junction Canal The new Planning and the Historical Mine in the Atlantic Ocean with the Mediter- lactories in on 3 November 1794 A rally al Envionment or PPG15 has now Langdale stone axe ranean Sea and was one of the Neolithic quanies tended by more than 50 boats was been published by HMSO. lt gives Cumbria, these great achievements of the reign of 'industry' in held in Uxbridge to commemorate planning guidance on listed build- being the oldest listed King Louis XlV. Voltaire wrote of it as thousand years, the bicentenary. Bob Carr ings and conservation areas There the list by several the most glorious monument and Annual Re- are now some 500,000 listed build- In English Heritage's Professor A W Skempton refened to port 1993-94, it was Water at Kew Bridge ings, the number having quadrupled and Accounts it as the greatest feat of civil engi- ancient monu- Lest it be thought that the Kew since 1970 Recommendations are reported that 599 neering in Europe between Roman in Eng- Bridge Steam Museum is just a made lor the selection of future' ments had been scheduled times and the nineteenth century. lt 14,463, an collection of working steam engines additions to the lists, There should land bringing the total to was this mighty work which inspired per cent over ten it should be mentioned that the N/u- be a presumption in lavour of pres- increase of 16.5 the young Francis Egerton 3rd Duke cent seum is planning a major new gal- ervation for listed buildings and for years. Listings rose 28 7 Per of Bridgewater. Known as the Canal period, with 2,988 new lery to be opened in 1996 which will unlisted ones within a conservation over a similar Duke, he was a major figure in the bringing the total illustrate the history of London's wa- area. In general, llsted buildings recommendations establishment of inland navigation in jn ter supply, ltems at present store should be kept in use even if altera- to 444,508 A survey of the architec- this country, the transport system will be able to go on display and the tions 'compatible' with the building's ture of London's Underground sta- which enabled what we know as the new 'Water for Life' gallery is to be fabric, interior or setting are neces- tions led to the listing of another 1 l Industrial Revolution to take place 46 a total of 273 approached through what will ap- sary for re-use. Local authorities are stations, so that of In 1973 L T C Rolt published pear to visitors to be a large diam- urged to monitor listed buildings at are now listed. Fron Sea to Sea, his account of the eter water pipe. lnteractive displays risk from neglect and to implement Canal du Midi or Grand Canal ol New for lrish and an exhibition will illustrate the their statutory powers to enforce re- luture Languedoc and its system of water development of the London water oairs, The new publication is obtain- corn mill supply. He deals with its remarkable supply industry from Roman times able from HMSO for t8 40. After 25 years of being virtually lost engineer Baron Piene-Paul Riquet with soecial emohasis on the nine- Bonrepos (1604-1680) who in- and forgotten, Lifeforce Mill will open de teenth century, culminating in the News from English to the oublic in Cavan Town, Co. vested huge amounts of his own recent work of the Ring Main lt is Cavan, in April 1995 Established in money in the scheme and overcame hoped the opening ol the new gal- Heritage 1846, it will be one of the few tremendous difficulties including a lery will coincide with the celebration ln their publication Grants 1992-93, particularly remaining corn mills of the early dillicult tunnel through ol 21 years since the Kew Bridge English Heritage list over 600 prop- ground nineteenth century working in lreland soft sandy From the book Steam Museum first opened to the erties which were offered financial today. All the original machinery and one also gets a good idea of the public, Bob Carr assistance with grants totalling some work- canal and its traffic in the 1970s 120 million. Among these are several buildings will be restored and did 150 years ago. The Seeing the drinking problem the Sussex steam industrial sites and their range in ing as they powered young Duke of Bridgewater had at type and locality makes interesting mill is by the acclaimed the time of his Grand Tour it is rest0rati0n reading, The listed industrial sites McAdam water turbine manufac- perhaps fortunate that in 1754 wine The Brede Steam Engine Society tured in Belfast and a more modern included Temple Meads Station, .1918. tankers had not yet been introduced was formed in July 1994 to renovate Bristol; Quarry Bank Mill Styal; Royston engine of project onto the canal two steam engines at the Brede Cromford Mill, Derbyshire, Chetnole The restoration has been Readers will be pleased to hear Watenruorks, a water pumping sta- malthouse in Dorset; the iron bridge initiated by Lifeforce Foods Ltd of plan that Tom Rolt's From Sea to Sea is tion ol the Hastings Water Co. A at Avington Park in Hampshire, India Drogheda, Co, Louth, who to now berng republished. The accom- team of volunteers has been working Mills, Darwen; Southorn's pipe produce stoneground wholemeal panying photograph shows Sonia on the Worthington-Simpson engine works at Broseley; Clay Mills pump- flour on site The realisation of the Rolt, widow of the eminent writer, at of 1939, which has already been ing station at Burton-on-Trent; archaeological value of this project put a relaunch ceremony on 5 Novem- freed and turned under compressed Beck's garage building at Lewes in has meant that the company has ber 1994 with publisher David Ed- air Work will begln this year on the East Sussex; the Lemington glass considerable resources into the visi- wards-May. They are both at the earlier, 1904 Tangye engine, lt is cone, Tyne and Wear; and Hudders- tor facilities to cater for mill, machin- Kew Bridge Steam Museum at the hoped that ultimately both engines field station, Watermills which re- ery and other enthusiasts who may driving position of the 90-inch Cor- will be operating under steam, ceived grants were Caudwell's Mill at wish to visit this historical site. Life- project nish beam engine Kew Bridge, Meanwhile, visitors to the site just Rowsley in Derbyshire, Thorrington force Mill is an ongoing of Brentford. Middlesex. was consid- north of Hastings are welcome to tide mill in Essex, Brinkburn Priory restoration and research, For further ered an appropriate venue as it was view the progress so far on the lirst mill in Northumberland and Baylham information contact Hugh Donian originally a pumping station of the Saturday ol each month Mill in Suffolk. Windmills were at I 00 353 41 35853 Grand Junctron Water Works Com- Ron Maftin Stock in Essex, Horncastle in Lin- oanv associated with the Grand colnshire, Little Cressingham and Pennine canals projects Old Buckenham in Norfolk and Major engineering have af- Wilton in Wiltshire. fected two of the trans-Pennine Ancient Monuments in receipt of canals recently, In Bingley, north- grants were Saltford Brass Mfl near west of Bradford, a new line has Bristol; Stretham Pump, Cambridge- been dug lor the Leeds and Liver- parallel shire; the Brunton arsenic calciner at oool Canal, to the old Tolgus and the Treffry viaduct at course, from the Three Rise Locks to Luxulyan, both in Cornwall, the Dart- the centre of town Park Lane over- moor powder mills and Gawton Mine bridge, part of which dated from the opening of this stretch in 1770s, in Devon; Brusselton incline in the County Durham, storehouses at rM and widened in 1890, has been nnmnlaiahr ronlanori Naval Base, Portsmouth; Canning- I wyrqvvv ton Shaw Bottle Shop at St Helens; The work is to allow the old line Shildon engine house at Blanchland ol the canal to be used for the Aire Sonia Rolt and David Edwards-May at Kew Bridge, November 1994, after the and limekilns on Lindisfarne in Valley Trunk Road, which will also be relaunch of L T C Rolts book From Sea to Sea Northumberland; Wappenshall canal responsible for the demolition of Photo: coulesv o! Kew Bridee Steam Museum g TNDUSTRTAL ARCHAEOLOGY I'/EWS e2 NEWS several industrial buildings in its stretch of the canal from Todmor- path The plans for avoiding Saltaire, den, through Hebden Bridge, to the the model industrial village and mills Calder and Hebble and the rest of a few miles east, have yet to be the network at Sowerby Bridge. finalised David Cant In 1804 the Rochdale was the lirst canal to be comoleted over the Large Industrial Sites Pennines Remaining in private and Buildings in West hands after nationalisation, it has acted principally as a water feeder Yorkshire since the 1940s, and road schemes The rapid decline of manufacturing and other blockages effectively iso- industry over the past twenty years lated several stretches, Gradual rein- has left this area with a large slatement work has been in number of sites whose re-use often progress for the last twenty years to seems to require the obliteration of reverse this process. Now, a major existing structures. In recent months scheme is in progress at Sowerby Halifax has lost several more indus- Bridge to provide a cut and cover trial buildings, including the Auto- The 1819 Terminal Watehouse at tunnel under the 1970s Tuel Lane matic Standard Screw Co, engineer- Shelfield Canal Basin during restora- Prince Charles road junction, and replace two in- ing works of 1897 although the front tion filled locks with one 20 feet deep, launches Shelfield warehouse and offices have been Photo: Sheflield Derehwent Coryontion This scheme is being funded retained During a visit to Sheffield on Monday with a 12,5 million Derelict Land The decision of a Public Enquiry listing recognised in 1989. However, 12 December 1994, Prince Charles Grant, and has made good progress held in August will decide the fate of the owner claims it is impossible to launched the redevelooed Sheffield in revealing the old canal bed and one of the earliest large textile mills find alternate uses, and the local Canal Basin, which we must now lock chambers, whlch had disap- on the eastern aooroach to the councillors agreed, despite objec- learn to call Victoria Quays. He said peared beneath a road and car town. Garden Street Mill was built in tions from the CBA, the Georgian that he had been frustrated over the park The work is scheduled to finish the 1830s and still retains many and Victorian Societies, and local years by the lack of vision to restore in mid-1995, and will link a long orrginal features, as the Grade ll groups. such sites, but was heartened that In Huddersfield, the Folly Hall Sheffield had had the foresight and Mills site has been cleared exceot determination to enable the develoo- for the five-storey pediment building ment to take place - and had man- AIIA q^ll [=q which has been converted for office aged to squeeze money out of the /rlULrrl v2lnll-1.-V use, Plans have been submitted for financial institutions to make it hap- the conversion six- pen. His frustration has The following items are available lrom the Sales Officer: of the striking been shared storey London Western INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY RR/IEW and North by many in Sheffield because the BACK Railway warehouse, with its hydrau- site has lain neglected for many Volumes'SSUES I - VI lic wagon lift tower, to car parking years, and two earlier development possible plans per set: t18.00 plus t5 00 inland, t6 50 overseas P+P At least it should be to have fallen through. per volume: e5 00 plus t2,'10 inland, 02,50 overseas P+P retain the interior scale and features The River Don was made naviga- per issue: t2,00 plus 070p inland, e1.50 overseas P+P here, The classical station buildings, ble to Tinsley between Sheffield and Volumes Vll - Xlll dating from the 1840s by Pritchett of Rotherham in 1751 but because of per volume: t8 00 plus ?2.25 P+P per issue: t4 00 plus e1.25 P+P York, and the forecourt, have been opposition by the Duke of Norlolk Volumes XIV - W reslored recently and other landowners, the final link per volume: el2.00 plus t2 25 P+Pper issue: [6.00 plus e1 25 P+P David Cant to Sheffield was by road until the INDEX T0 VOLS | - Xll: t.l 50 EACH INCL P+P four-mile Sheffield Canal was opened in 1819, AIA REGIONAL GAZETTEERS A canal basin was built, ending Cumbria: 83.50 Nortok: f,0.50 conllnueo over Surrey: f2.95 West Midlands: f2.95 Gloucestershire: t3.50 Scotland: f.1.20 Swansea: f2.35 WestYorkshie: t2.25 P+P extra: One copy: 40p inland, 90p overseas Two copies:60p inland, t1 25 overseas Three or more: BOp inland, [1 70 overseas

AIA TIES t6 95 incl P+P AIA SWEATSHIRTS (Size: M, LandXU e11 00 plustl 00 inland tl T0overseas P+P

Cheques should be made payable to the Assocrbtlon tor lndustrial MII,I, THREE. NEIY IIINII.RI( IIIILLS. IIINIIRI( ffLr I gDB and sent with orders lo: Roger Ford, AIA Sales O'fficer, Barn Cottage, TEL: 0555 666066 Bridge Street, Bridgnorth, Shropshire CONSULTANTS ANID COTITRACTORS IN TIIE The AIA can now accept payments by the lollowing credit cards: BDSTORATION Or. HISTONIC DIACHINDRY ACCESS VISA MASTERCARD We can undertake a range of approaches covering rescue, restoration, replication and display of anything from a PLEASE WRITE FOR SALES SLIP simple set of blacksmith's bellows to a water-wheel or a steam engine Proprietors: J S Mitchell BA(Hons) and C D Bates

INDUSTRTAL ARCHAEOLOGy NE[4/S 92 g NEWS in the massive brick Terminal Ware- the Works has been lost, although cordings of the memories of fair- Mappin and Webb house This has a boat hole, so there are some remains of its en- ground famtlies in the DerbYshire that valuable cargoes could be- ginehouse, There is concern at the and Nottinghamshire area demolition loaded or unloaded inside the build- moment about the extent of the This archive comolements a The demolition of the Mappin and ing, and spiral chutes to bring alterations and additions proposed scheme to establish a National Fair- Webb building, Poultry, London goods down from the upper floors in order to convert the listed building ground Museum near NorthamPton, EC2, has now taken place We await Later, an extensron was built at right to modern offices which was reported in /A News 88, the erection of the building which is angles, and this was converted In Prince Charles's visit to Sheffield Derek Bavliss to replace it Altogether a grouP of 1925 to a 2,00010n grain silo, the was largely concerned with industrial eight listed Victorian commercial Grain Warehouse, with a bucket el- history, for he began at Abbeydale Salety erlor buildings are to go (see AIA Bulletin evator and 34 bins The four-storey Industrial Hamlet, the water-powered The editors wish to apologise that 18,3) lronically, the loss of these preserved City /A period allow steel f ramed Straddle Warehouse, scythe works by the on page 3 of the last issue of industrial buildings will on columns over the basin, was Council, and ended at the West Gun News a photograph of a mill during archaeological excavations bel0w added in 1895 when the South York- Works, built in the 1860s by Firths to demolition, taken by the Royal Com- the site in an area which is likely to shire Navigation Company was make steel guns, and newly refur- mission on the Ancient and Histori- vield imoortant clues about the de- modernising the river and canal, This bished for Gripple Ltd The gripple cal Monuments of Wales, was used velooment of Roman and medieval and the Terminal Warehouse are is a successlul Sheffield invention of to illustrate an article about site London, Robeft Carr listed the 1980s, a device lor jointng safety, lt has been brought to our Round the bend in The last commercial kaffic ended strands of wire. which won its inven- attention that readers could have in 1970, and since then there has tor, Hugh Facey, the Prince of Wales believed this photograph was se- Leicester '1991 only been a modest leisure trafftc Award for lnnovation in lected as an example of bad prac- The newly refurbished Abbey PumP- Sheffield Development Corporation Derek Bayliss tice This was certainly not our inten- ing Station in Leicester re-opens on took control of the site in 1992 and tion, which was on the contrary to 9 April 1995 with an exhibition provi- brought in four developers to spread Fairground Archive illustrate the difficult circumstances sionally entitled 'Round the Bend', the risk The work has attracted a The National Fairground Archive was in which recording sometimes has to This will look at the science, technol- European Regional Development inaugurated on 17 November 1994 be undertaken, with great care. lt ogy and social history of public Fund grant of t1 1 million. The at the University of Sheffield, where it should be noted that the men in the health in Leicestershire and will tell Straddle Warehouse has been con- will be housed in the Main Library lt photograph without hard hats were the story of water supplies, sewage verted to offices, and the Terminal will include thousands of docu- demolition contractors, not staff of removal and treatment, toilets, and Grain Warehouses will become ments, photographs and video- RCAHNIW! The Commission photog- cleanliness, human biology and olfices, a pub, a restaurant and taped interviews about the history of rapher was standing well clear ol the ecology. A key feature ol the site are specialrty shops. The bin hoppers in fairs and showoeople, demolition, work: followtng the most the four large Gimson's of Leicester the Grain Warehouse have been The Fairground Association initi- sensible safety policy of all, Woolf compound beam engines ol kept British Waterways is spending ated the orooosal and discussed it Peter Wakelin 1887-91 which worked until 1964. t3 5 million to restore the basin and with Vanessa Toulmin, a postgradu- Two of these are steamed during canal lor leisure boating An old dry ate student from a fairground family Trevithick Trust special events lour times a year lf who is doing research at the Univer- dock has been uncovered and re- m0ues you wish to see the engines the tained sity on the social history of travelling museum can be found in Corpora- The Trevithick Trust, New buildings have gone up showoeoole. which was for- tion Road, Leicester, and will be given mally launched in January 1994, has around the six-acre site, but one The Showmen's Guild has open daily after the Grand Re-open- now obtained charitable status and further important listed building is a complete run of the weekly World s ing Day on 9 April. During this event registered being kept This is the 1823 olfice Fair since it began in 1904 The is charity no, 1041752 the engines and the Ruston Bucyrus The address of the Trust's offices is and warehouse block of the Sheal Archive will also include a full set ol steam nawie will be in steam Fur- Association's Falr- now 'Chygarth', Beacon Tenace, Works, which was Sheff ield's f irst the Fairground 5 ther inlormation on this and other integrated steel, cutlery and edge ground Mercury; the Margaret Shuf- Camborne, Cornwall TR14 7BU t special events, contact me at Snib- and FM tool works using steam power, and flebottom Collection of rare docu- 01209612142. There will be ston Discovery Park, Ashby Road, was built here to take advantage of ments and photographs from the further news of the Trust's activities Coalville, Leicestershire t 01530 the new canal Most of the rest of turn ol the century, and audio re- in the next issue of /A News 510851 or 661330 Stuaft Warburton

The Quarterly Journalfor those interested in Industrial History. Each 64 page issue packed with quality photographs - many unpublished - together with ISSN 1352-7991 informative text. Archive intends to cover the entire spectrum of industrial and transport history the length and breadth of the British Isles. Topics covered so far include East Greenwich Gasworks, the Glamorganshire Canal, Coals to Portreath, Moslyn Ironworks, The Grand Surrey Canal, Calstock Viaduct, Brodsworth Colliery, and Holman's Ironworks. The latest issue, No.4, available from the 1st December, contains articles on Seend Ironworks, Wiltshire; Hartley Main Colliery, Northumberland; the Woolmer Instructional Military Railway (later Longmoor Military Railway); Llanberis Copper Mine; the Guernsey Steam Tram; and Dry Docking the Berengaria at Southampton. Available at €5 per issue from selected outlets only but why not make sure of your copy by ordering direct from the address on the Lightmoor Press right at €5.50 per issue including P&P, or save f,2 and subscribe for four issues atf24 including P&P. Issues 7,2 &E3 are still available. 120 Farmers Close, Witney, Please make cheques payable to Lightmoor Press Oxfordshire OXS 6NR

10 TNDUSTRTAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS e2 B:!!s7.rc'::"1f:o^ the nofth shortly The new Jackfieldu after its official opening in Autumn Bf idge 1994' A short section ot the otd Free rhe tons runnins sasa ot bridse for lacktietd, in the ,^:!:!^,n^"^:,_!::';;:"i: ;;;;t":;;i;"li::rh,,i!lli,,i,,nY,r"!f,_,i is prese'ed Gorse, finatty reached a con.ctusion ;;que, ;r;;;;;;;;i^;il ,orm side of the

f1ee4.!"!:_;::y;,:J,;'swit!ru::::n,",,,,,.nc.a,p.,, The /atrer stases ot its con- B;i;; 6;;;;ri-il a detaired articte !ii:,!iil,il:!:o:',;;,"1,;:^:,:l.i:[tnry:tl:;;n,"n tarty on 10 May when ,hr ;;;id,.r"; ;i 0"", usj,.ns as a crane ever seen in the Gorge-tr:^g:: raised ,iii iri iiitiiirx on the Jackrietd the tower trcm the horimntal Positioi iiiti it i progrr.r. n. shropshrre in which it had been prt toslth:^f c'irrtv-ci,liii iiiase rnsineer nas snal but vocirerous s,orp o!_!:r1: ;i;;"; t;"ii i"i a paaous state, comptained about the to" -isniorns 1n! J[i io- p"ipt" weisht rc_ sign ol the new bridge, once it. .!::was. ,rr"ta"J,riJ ,fr'"tu,iur" a route for compteted, though the maiontv 9t iiai"iiii"i ioiw o"", threatened it peopte reft that rt is tr, tning, diniiriii". n is tikety to be keeping with the area's tradition,of\1,:^i!, ii"id^"'-rortn, in 1995 innovative bridge ensineerir!."!:! "ijlia-iiiil *i*-ii in aolacent raitway the mundane concrete structurc rc- overbridee iniri it atso in need ol at the Public Enquiry some iected ,"p"; " John powett years ago. ln the photograph the new Jacffiield

NOTTCEBOARD

Tom Rolt sought LV-1005, Latvia By coincidence, An- Peter Roberts is seeking an original dris appears in the same /A News, copy (not photocopy) ot AIA Bulletin on page 3; he is the man in the dark 121974, for which he is prepared to jacket with a white label, in the pay Only the second Bulletin of the bottom right of Peter Wakelin's pho- AIA this contains Angus Buchanan's tograph of TICCIH delegates in obiluary notice of Tom Rolt, our first Canada. President, Also sought is notification tlining scenes ol any original material relating to L Malcom Newton o1 the Shrooshire T C Rolt - by him or about him lf Caving and Mining Club can pro- any member can help, please con- duce a drawing - such as the one tact Peter at 48 Pool Crescent, Har- reproduced on the right - or painting borne, Birmingham 817 OPB. of the scene of your choice, as a Latvia calling fundraiser or oooular item to sell in Readers who were interested in the museum shoos or elsewhere. To short article on Latvia (/A News 90) take advantage of this offer, please might like to correspond with Andris contact the club's secretary, Adrian Biedrins who would welcome news Pearce, 72 Hopkins Heath, Shaw- from the UK. Write to Andris Bie- birch, Telford, Shropshire TFs OLZ drins, Viestura prospekts 17-2, Riga t 01952 405369

REGTONAL NEltS

'1866 Crags, Calderdale, with its water the Cliff Tannery, Meanwood Yorkshire and a Director, John Hamshere (an lron- supply system, to show the use ol Road, 400 Sheffield lor students bridge graduate), has been ap- natural resources and sustainable Hallam Humberside University has converted pointed. We hope that these energy Truro Works, mid-nineteenth The tourist and leisure industries a cen- changes will lead to better funding An eight-mile Heritage Trail has tury silver and plate works, stu- continue to offer a future for many for and marketing, new displays, and been opened along the Leeds wa- housing, pro- important industrial monuments dent which is also more visitors Rotherham is studying terfront, where the Tetley Brewery posed part 1873 English Heritage and the North York for of the huge plans to convert the closed Temple- Wharf heritage centre and beer and Manningham Mill in Bradford, with Moors National Park have funded a borough steel works lnto a t20 mil- brewing museum opened at Easter social housing, leisure facilities and t300 000 project to preserve the lion 'industrial theme park' based on best ol the Rosedale ironstone 1994 A new pub, the Dry Dock, has a factory shopping centre. At Salt- oarts '100{oot the coal, iron and steel industries been opened in a barge. aire, the New Mill is becoming River- kilns, and English Heritage has North Yorkshire Council has built Hull's last traditional trawler, the Arc- side Court with 97 mid-price flats. given grant aid for the consolidation a new three-arch dressed stone tic Corsau, is being restored and will Greenups Mill 1792 and Carlton of the peat store at the Grinton lead ol bridge in traditional style across the be opened to visitors, Mlll 1850 riversrde at smelting mill in Swaledale (Yorkshire of on the Esk at Egton Bridge near Whltby. Student accommodation is pro- Sowerby Bridge, are to be converted Dales) The National Trust has com- Funds are being raised for work viding a new use for Kirkstall Brew- to flats and offices. pleted its work to save and interpret on the Dearne and Dove Canal at ery, where a 817 mlllion plan will Sheffield Industrial Museum is the remains of Bavenscar alum Elsecar by selling jars of "100 per give rooms for one thousand Leeds now being run by a company set up works on the coast near Scarbor- cent hand selected mud' at t.l eachl Metropolitan University students in by the Council, Cutlers' ough (see /A News 90), and it plans City the Derek Bayliss and David Cant to restore Gibson Mill, Hardcastle converted buildings and new blocks; Company representing local indus- the University has already converted try, and Sheffield Hallam University; INDUSTRIALARCHAE)LOGY NEWS 92 11 DIARY

17. l9 March 1995 22 April 1995 Trust, 33 Sheep Street, Cirencester, from Sue Robinson, Conference Or- IlIDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOTOGY TIIE RIVER IRWELL COBRIDOR Gloucestershire GL7 1QW t 01285 ganiser, Museums Association, 42 WEEIGIID lN ilAI{CHESTER: ITS HISTORY 65.1818 Clerkenwell Close, London EClR OPA, at Matlock, Derbyshrre Details from AIID REDEVETOPTEilT 3l llay.3 June 1995 FAX 0'171 250 1929. Peter and Ursula Brending, The War- at the Museum of Science and Indus- AIA VISIT TO I{ETIIEBLAIIDS 4.7 October 1995 Details from D dens. Youth Hostel, 40 Bank Road, try, Manchester D some spaces still available. SAE for PRESERVATIO]I OFTIIE Gayton, Laneside Boad, Matlock, Derbyshire DE4 3NF I Brumhead, details from David Alderton, 48 Quay II'DUSTBIAL IIERITAGE New Mills, Stockport SK12 4LU 01 629 582983 Street, Halesworth, Suffolk, lP19 BEY at Gdansk, Poland Details from Wal- I 01663 744863, 3l ilarch . 2 April 1995 2.5 June 1995 demar Allelt, Politechnika Gdanska, - 1995 IIIDUSTRY A}ID AGRIGULTURE: 8 l3 May RAIIWAYA]ID CAIIAL Wydzial Budownictwa Ladowego, ul POST.I{EDIEVAL UPLAIID TIIE IMPORTANCE OF IIISTORICAT SOCIETY TOUR TO Gabriela Narutowicza 1 1n2, PL-80952, LAI|DSCAPES llr ]{ORTllERl{ tBol{ilAKll{G SOUTIIERN BETGIUT Gdansk, Poland, E]IGLAl{D a conlerence on technical innovation canal lifts and preserved railways of 14 Octobe? 1995 Society for Post-Medieval Ar- and social change in the iron industry, a loint southern Belgium Details from Geotf EttAc 50 chaeology and Historical Metallurgical in Sweden Details from Jernkontoret, Gwatkin, Hon Sec R&CHS, 17 Clumber at Loughborough University, to cel- Society conference Details lrom Eric Kerstin Fernheden, Box 1 721. S-1 1 1 87 Crescent North, The Park, Nottingham ebrate 25 years of lA in the East Instone, Cranstone Consultancy, 267 STOCKHOLM, Sweden, or FAX 010 46 NG7 1EY 8 0115 941 4844. Midlands, with prominent speakers. Kells Lane, Low Fell, Gateshead NE9 8611 2089, 17 June 1995 Details to lollow, 5HU t 0191 4822004. May 1995 9. ll EAST OF E]{G!AI{D REGIO}IAI . | 2 April THE CAIIAL IIERITAGE: A IA COI{FEREI{CE I995 AIA IRO]IBBIDGE coltsurraflol{ based in the Thetford area Details WEEIG]ID Burton, at York Details from Pam after March from Brenda Taylor, Crown at the Long Warehouse, Coalbrook- lnstitute for Advanced Architectural House, Horsham St Faith, Norwich dale, on the subject of coping with the Studies, The King's Manor, York YO1 NR10 3JJ 8 01603 897912. closure of large scale industries, De- 2EP I 01904 433963 14.17 1995 talls with this mailing July l3 May 1995 ilAMl{O 95 8 Aprll 1995 EMIAC 49 weekend conference of the National SERIAC 95 the East Midlands lA Conference at Association of Mining History Organi- INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS the South East Regional lA Conterence West Bridgford, on The Masonic Hall, sations, at Newport, Shropshire. Large (formerly AIA Bulletin) on the theme of 'Hot Stuff', at Bexhill Nottingham's municipal the theme of SAE for details from Adrian Peaice,72 on Sea, East Sussex Organised by the transoort and other matters Details Hopkins Heath, Shawbirch, Teltord, tssN 0309.0051 Sussex lA Society. Details from the from Mrs P.A. Baker, 14 Orchard Way, Shrooshire TFS OLZ t 01 952 405369. Hon Sec, 42Falmer Avenue, Saltdean, Wymeswold, Loughborough, Leicester- Editor: Dr Peter Stanier 8.13 September 1995 Brighton, East Sussex BN2 8FG shire LE12 6SW t 01509 881473, Designer: John Stengelhofen AIA AI{lIUAt COI{FERENCE 22 Aprll 1995 18 - 19 ilay 1995 r995 Published by the Association for 26TI{ WESTEBT{ REGIOIIAI IA ]{ATIOIIAL TRUST in Sheffield. Details and booking forms lndustrial Archaeology. Contribu- COl{FEBElICE ARCIIAEOLOGY CE]ITE]IARY are mailed with this issue. tions should be sent to the Editor, at the College of Higher Education, CO]IFEREI{CE Dr Peter Stanier, 49 Breach Lane, 1995 Worcester Further details and booking part of the Trust's centenary celebra- ll.l5 September Shaftesbury, Dorset SP7 9LF. forms from Roger Tapping, 155 North- tions, at the Society of Antiquaries, MUSEUilS ASSOCIATION News and press /'eleases may be COIIFERE}ICE sent to the Editor or the appropri- wick Road. Worcester WR3 7EQ London, Details from Archaeology AII}IUAL at the University of Leicester. Details ate AIA Regionat Correspondents, I 0.1905 455597, Conference Coordinator, The National names and addresses for whom are given on this page. The Editor REGTONAL GORRESPONDENTS FOR IA NEWS may be telephoned on 01747 454707.

Region t: A SCOII,AND Owen, Orchard Way Mold, Clwyd Stanford in the Vale, Oxon, SN7 Dr Miles Royal Commis- Final copy dates are as follows: Oglethorpe, E Region 7: WEST MIDL/{,IDS 8HW sion on the Ancient and Historical 30 December for February mailtng Shropshire, Staffordshire, West Mid- E Region 12: SOUTH EAST ENGLAND Monuments Scotland, John Sin- 30 March for May mailing of lands, Wanryickshire, Hereford and Hampshire and lsle ol Wight, Suney, clair House, 16 Bernard Tenace, Ed- 30 June for August mailing Worcester Sussex and Kent inburgh 30 September for November mailing EH8 9NX John Powell, lronbridge Gorge Mu- vacant tr Begion 2: IRELAI'ID seum Trust, The Wharfage, lron- E Region 13: WEST OF ENGUND The AIA was estabrshed in 1973 Michael Coulter, Department of Envi- bridge, Tellord, Shropshire TF8 Somerset, Avon, Gloucestershire, to promote the study of lndustrial ronment, Historic Monuments and 7AW Wiltshire and Dorset Archaeolory and encourage im- Buildings, 5-33 Hill Street, Bellast 1 E Begion 8; EASIM/DIANDS proved standards of recording, Mike Bone, Sunnyside, Avon Close, publi- tr Region 3: NORTHERN ENGUND research, conseNation and Derbyshire, Nottinghamshire, Lin- Keynsham, Bristol BS18 1LQ cation lt aims to assisl and Cumbria, Northumbedand, Tyne and colnshire, Leicestershire and Norlh- E Region 14:SOUTH WESIE /GLAND suppott regional and specialist Wear, Durham and Cleveland amptonshire Devon and Cornwall suruey and research groups and vacant bodies involved in the preseNa- Stuart Warburton, 48 James Street, John Stengelhofen Withy Garden, industrial monuments, to tr Reglon 4: YORKSHTBE AIUD HUM- Leicestershire LE6 3BW tion of Coalville, Loggans Road, Copperhouse, represent lhe mterests of lndus- EERS/DE tr Region9:EASIANGUA Hayle, Cornwall IR27 4PL trial Archaeolory at national level, North, South and West Yorkshire and Cambridgeshire, Norfolk, Suffolk to hold conferences and semi- Humberside and Essex nars and to oublish the results of research Fuither details may be Derek Bayliss, 30 Muskoka Avenue, David Alderton, 48 Quay Street, InJormation for the diary should be sent obtained from the Membershio Bents Green, Sheffield S11 7RL Halesworth, Suffolk lP19 8EY directly to the Editor as soon as it is Secretary, Assoc/ation for lndus- D Region 5: NORTH I/YESI ENGLAND Region 10: GREATER LONDON The Whaiage, tr available, Dates of mailing and last trial Archaeology, Lancashire, Merseyside, Greater Dr R J M. Carr, 127 Queen's Drive, lronbridge, Telford, Shropshire, dates for receipt of copy are given TFg 7AW, England ? 01952 Manchester and Cheshire London N4 2BB below ltems will normally appear in 4JJCZZ. Mrs Edwina Alcock, Friars Walk, 5 E Region 11 : HOME COUNTIES successive issues uo to the date of the Formby, 01704 Merseyside I Oxlordshire, Bedfordshire, Berk- event Please ensure details are sent in The views expressed in this bulle- 871162 shire, Buckinghamshire and Hert- if you wish your event to be advised tin are not necessarily those of Assoc/ation for lndustrial Ar- tr Region 6; WALfS fordshire tf,e cnaeology. Stephen Grenter, 17 Llys Daniel Phil Morris, 71 Van Diemans Road,

I 2 O Association tor Industrial Archaeology, February 1995