DEC. 1981 $i.95* NZ $2.50

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Tai . J Par-tic lele The average hi-fi designer versus the human ear. The human ear were tired of comprom forms part of a sound ise, Vector Research receiving system that represents a new outperforms the best standard in high fidelity audio equipment excellence. known to science. Discussing the Capable of inter- Vector VRX 9000, pret ing a dynamic EJ Stereo Review states range of 120db or 10 "The receiver surpassed octaves, it has double virtually every one of its the capability of any performance specific man made electronic ations ... it sounds equipment. 1' as good as it looks,which is a The ear can 1, saying lot..." discern direction, High Fidelity coloration and musical states "a receiver with within a complex detail - , such sophisticated per rendition of a 50 piece formance and functions orchestra in a manner demands attention." no electronic equip Popular Electronics ment is able to do. on the Vector VCX 600 It is, in short, a rt cassette deck, "Lower sophisticated piece of Flutter readings than equipment that should those of the VCX 600 represent the most are hard to find .. . stimulat ing challenge to any designer of while not cheap, it affords excellent value." audio equipment. Hi-Fi Buyer's Review sums up. Unfortunately it's a challenge that's "Vector Research is a newcomer to largely ignored. Which is why in most stereo the audio scene, but if the VCX 600 is any guide, this company should be very successful." Ic r4- --- If then you are an audiophile whose interest goes beyond famous names and shiny moo o rusorcyur sor .r._ _ knobs then you owe it to yourself to learn o - > 7 t1 l g - , more about Vector Research.

oaroMe~ rDear V. R., In my book, beauty is in theear a>t' w of the beholder. Send me the test reports : y .8" and the name of my nearest stockist. OA/ . -r.:,. . J. Name C ó Address systems handling power and volume are Postcode substituted for subtlety and frequency Keio International Pty. Ltd. response. Vector Research however is one 198 Normanby Road, South Melbourne 3205. of the few exceptions. Developed by a team telephone: (03) 643546. of highly experienced audio engineers who Lo4MET! Vector Research. A fraction better than excellent. Registered by Australia Post - Publication No. NI3P0407 No. 0013-5216 ELECTRONICS ISSN TODAY INTERNATIONAL

Well, it has been an eventful year for us here at ETI. We put our best foot forward - project wise - right at the start by commencing the Series 5000 hi-fi projects with the QUICK INDEX 100 W MOSFET stereo amplifier featuring performance unrivalled by any published project - or commercially available amp. In February we became the first magazine in the world to review loudspeakers using spectral decay analysis - thanks to the work of FEATURES Louis Challis. Now we can measure those subtleties you can hear. In March we exposed the fallibility of police speed radars with a detailed examination of their workings never previously seen in the technical press. April was our tenth birthday issue - and the biggest selling issue for many years! In 8 SUPERFET is here! May we featured a technical review of research work carried out on the Shroud of Turin 14 Particle Beam Fusion following examination of it by an international scientific team in October 1978. It was 67 OSCAR 9 Flies! the first such technical review published worldwide, and we gained an enormous 110 WIN a System 80 - Contest amount of attention from the general media as a result. 154 Dregs In June we launched Hobby Electronics which, disappointingly, we had to discontinue as a monthly publication in November. We also launched COMDEC, a computer magazine for business people - which gained immediate success. You win PROJECTS & TECHNICAL some, you lose some. In July we commenced the second stage of the Series 5000 projects with the 26 824/825: Slot Car Controllers introduction of the Stereo Control Preamp, since widely acclaimed. September saw the 37 159: Expanded Scale Voltmeter start of construction of the long-awaited Learners' Microcomputer for the first time, a - 91 685: 2650 Computer on S100 truly low-cost computer project aimed at those who want to get into microcomputing 42 Lab Notes: The LM396 10A Reg. without boiling their brain cells or breaking the bank. October stood out, not only because David Tilbrook appeared on the front cover, but 54 Ideas For Experimenters for the ZX81 contest, which attracted what seems to be the greatest number of entries 62 Shoparound of any contest we've ever run! Results next issue. The November issue represented a 147 Printed Circuit Artwork, etc. 'first' for us - but maybe you didn't notice. The cover featured silver! That's real silver in the ink! Stash those precious copies away, there's about three cents worth on each cover - you might make a killing on the silver market when the price rises again! COMPUTING TODAY This month we continue our support of the hobby computerist with another in our series of S100 computer projects - the ETI-685. And there's more to come. 73 IBM Helps the Deaf Well, so much for the year in review. Next year? That would be telling. Suffice to say 76 Printout - News and Views we not only plan to continue our high standard of projects, features and reviews but 86 Newton's Cool -a game we'll introduce a few new things as well. 91 685: 2650 Computer on S100 We extend to our readers and advertisers best wishes of the season and trust that 110 System 80 to Win! Contest have - you a prosperous, exciting new year. 118 Sorcerer Keyboard Beeper

SIGHT & SOUND

127 Blank Tape Levy - Inquiry? 132 Sight & Sound News 140 Quad's New Electrostatics 150 Sansui SE -8 Equaliser Review

GENERAL

8 News Digest 69 Letters 66 ARRL Books- low prices! 114 Babani Books - on special! Roger Harrison 148 Mini -Mart- Readers' Adverts Editor 105 ETI Services °J! 4f*:? fl ETI December 1981 - 3 ELECTRONICS TODAY

Ampex 138 Abacus 90 IaTERNATI NAL Australian Source r 81 Applied Technology 101 Altronics 22-23 Adaptive Electronics 113 Archive Computers 116 mel .W'v 4 J' Arena 133 Acoustic Foundry 128 ELECTRO,r' Anderson Digital 88 47 TODAY G, All Electronic Components o AED 89 INTERNATIONAUn Ampec 129 eti Audio Engineers 142 ry Auditec 136 fIOT CAR A8RSoanar 44 Atram 139 COnTROIIERs ; Bishop Graphics 50 Bright Star Crystals 10 , Best Vision 29 Boffin 125 r Bose 126 Consolidated Marketing 44,45 CAS.H.Computers 112,125 L, CP/M Data 112 PARTICLE BEAM FUSION 14 Computallor 117 Could particle beam Computer Country 82 '._.f fusion supersede the fission Computerware 125 N TER processes of present-day nuclear reactors to Customized Technology 78 board provide the answer to world energy requirements? Cleftronics 143 Brian Dance investigates. Convoy 134,137,153 A look Dick Smith 6 16.17,40-41,56-57, IN IQUA_D'S NYW /,, 59,61,63,64,71,74,75,108,121,143 - ( [A3 Í1 --Particle David Reid 24 Danish HI -Fi 139 Direct Comp. Retail 106 Electronic Agencies 25 Elmeasco 7 ua.,.,e., ., , , .numunnunu. Ellistronics 124 Slot cars are fun! ... for kids of all ages. Jonathan Elsema 125 Scott, together with Corey and Jamye Harrison, Emona 125 Electromark 60 proved the point for our photographers by Energy Control 122 converting the studio into a miniature Le Mans Electrocraft 60 (complete with sound effects from the side of the . f i . rr r¡.¡.. Electronic Concepts 123 ¡. mouth and odd staff making crowd noises to egg Emac 145 You join in the fun, commencing Electronic Developments 21 them on). too can Fairlight 62 page 26. Hagemeyer OBC Imark 60 Imagineering 78 Jaycar 36,48,68 'Recommended retail price only Javelin 13 ** -****9 Jensen 65 Kitparts 90 WIN A SYSTEM 80 CONTEST 110 Looky Video 122 - Complete a simple crossword and write a Microtrix 84 short Magnetic Media 90 essay, and a Dick Smith System 80 personal Micro80 72 computer could be yours. Marantz 130 Mag Video 131 McWilliams 146 Nula 116 North Point Hi-fi 136 OZmail 89 Printed Circuits 12 Pre -Pak 52-53 NEWS DIGEST 8 O.T. Computers 120 SUPERFET arrives; Hobbyist toolkits; How not to Reimer 137,153 solder your fingers; Rod Irving 35,57,107 Something terrible happened in Radio Despatch 21 space; Ideas for Christmas; etc. Royston 128 824/825: SLOT CAR Radio Parts 116 COMMUNICATIONS NEWS 67 RMIT 128 CONTROLLERS 26 Sansui 149 Oscar 9 flies; Study of radio -induced changes in Hours of fun for electronics enthusiasts and their S.I. Microcomputers 79 ionosphere; and more. families - invest in a cheap slot car set and turn it System Software 109 into your version of Le Mans! For once your family Software Source 122 PRINTOUT 76 won't moan about your hobby! Sheridan Electronics 55 Fluke microsystem SME Electronics 120 troubleshooter; ComputerLand Stolmack 143 on the Gold Coast; TRS-80 hotline; Apple II Users' 159: EXPANDED SCALE Semiconductor Imports 70 Guide - book review; Sanyo display screen easy Sony IBC on the eyes; etc. VOLTMETER 37 Scope 70 This' simple, low-cost Instrument can be built into TCG 109 power supplies or used as a portable or fixed battery TCT Micro 106 SIGHT & SOUND 127 condition monitoring meter. Vicom 11 Blank tape levy inquiry; ITT digital television; four- Vanli IFC hour VHS cassettes; National Panasonic low -light Warburton Franks 85 Camera; Will the videodisc survive?; etc.

4 - December 1981 ETI INSIDE QUAD'S LATEST ELECTROSTATIC SPEAKERS 140 No new loudspeaker development has been heralded by more rumour, speculation and comment than Quad's new electrostatic model. Brian Dance finds out what it's all about.

SATURN UP CLOSE Voyager 2's flyby of Saturn in late August/early dn..... ° September gave us our closest look yet at this fascinating planet. Passing 101 000 km from the 1r cloud tops, Voyager 2 showed that Saturn's rings number in the thousands, rather than the few we thought existed - even though Voyager 1 picked up hundreds in its 1980 flyby. January's science feature shows some of the SANSUI SE -8 spectacular detail obtained by Voyager 2's cameras EQUALISER/ANALYSER 150 and discusses the scientific achievements of the According to Louis Challis, this unit "comes closer to mission. the amateur's expectation of a panacea than .;;.. anything else ... yet seen in the marketplace." LASERS & HOLOGRAPHY A major laser and holography exhibition will !our Australia next year. Called 'Space Light', it will spend all January in Sydney before touring major centres in the other states. Our article previews what it's all about.

INFRARED TRIP RELAY 685: 2650 SBC FOR S100 91 A simple, low-cost project that operates a relay This project continues ETI's series of projects when a beam of infrared light is broken. Useful as a supporting the popular S100 buss, and uses the 'door minder' alarm or to trip a camera for wildlife 2650 microprocessor in a single -board computer photography, etc, this project is easy to get going design with many features not found LAB NOTES 42 elsewhere. It is and will only set the budget back by about 525. compatible with the ETI-640 VDU and ETI-681 The LM396 10 A regulator. PCG, and will be followed by more associated REVERSING ALARM projects and articles. IDEAS FOR 54 EXPERIMENTERS There are a number of accidents reported each year Water level sensor and switch; ETI-606 tuning fork where a child or adult has been seriously injured by modification; Video buffer for the D(80; etc. a vehicle being driven in reverse. There would be countless potentially serious near misses. A reversing alarm that operates when you select SHOPAROUND 62 reverse gear would obviously help prevent the number of 'incidents'. The project is inexpensive, provides a loud, audible 'beep', and is easy to fit. A ARRL BOOKS must for the safety conscious. - CHRISTMAS SPECIAL! 66 COMPUTING TODAY 73 SPEEDY BASIC How to improve your programming by writing IBM helps the deaf to speak and to listen; LETTERS 69 programs that operate more No Cromemco sales up. efficiently. matter which BASIC you're using .. . ETI SERVICES 105 NEWTON'S COOL 86 DOLBY C EXPLAINED Morbid -minded physicists should take delight in this The brilliant Ray Dolby has waged an indefatigable unusual application of Newton's Law of Cooling -a ELECTRONICS BOOKS FROM ETI 114 war against noise in audio systems, and with not a computer game for those looking for something Beginners' books, data books, circuit books, etc. little success. His different. latest weapon is examined in detail. PC BOARDS 147 KEYBOARD BEEPER FOR THE Although these articles are in SORCERER 118 an advanced MINI -MART 148 state of preparation, circumstances may This ultra -simple circuit beeps to alert when you the affect the final content. However, we will machine is ready for your next entry. It uses only one make every attempt to include all IC and no software is required. features DREGS 154 mentioned here.

ETI December 1981 - 5 1 Izas TAKE ADVANTAGE OF DICK'S LOW PRICES ,iíj!BU/LD

11.Zt111t1 .,. , ,, ri,, o YOURSELF 3.8 Hobbyists experimenters - CAPACITOR DIGIT - DISCHARGE LCD DIGITAL highly versatile IGNITION One of our most popular kiti we've DIULTIDIETER ever sold! This unit fits on any BIMBOARD conventional ignition system. Results This 20 range multinteter offers other customers have obtained exceptional performance, to- engine stays in tune much longer, gether with a highly legible plugs & points last longer, ca is liquid crystal display for very much easier to start low power consumption. And unlike other digital multimeters R/ ONLY $NZ We're proud to offer this exceptional computer an the market, this model has to our New Zealand customers. These are overload protection. It's very just some of the features: 16K memory, S-100 easy to use, and will give years expandable, compatible with almost all level of service. A must for the /3480 II programs, works with any standard TV set, hobbyists, technician or P&P.f3.00 has built-in cassette deck level control Quite engineer. simply it represents out- COMPARE OUR PRICES standing value for money. SAVE $20! The modem way to build up circuits FOR QUALITY $NZ without resorting to PCB or tag strip. ONLY Over 500 sockets that will accept COMPONENTS component leads of 0.25 to 0.85mm, 1/4W metal film resistors 1% toL spaced 2.54mm. Designed to carry any value - all one price. up to I amp. The board is even 6,... $75 supplied with a component mounting AW carbon film resistors ""11913X-4005 P&P.$5.50 panel for pots etc. They can be any value -\ all one price 4a ea. $NZ connected together to make up larger WE HAVE BIISIBE8S, & SDUCMIOEAL units. 54W carbon film resistors any value all one price. 5Cea. & 0AYES SOMME II CASSETTE Q-1450 P&P.f4.00 OR DISK POEM - SYSTIY 80 /TES 80. IW carbon film resistors any value - all one price. 8Cee. Here is a small part of our range FANTASTIC O $ÑZ $R998 There are many general ledger GENERAL LEDGER: P-4612 P +.f3.00 systems around, but few designed with the small businessman FLASHING in mind. We believe it to be far superior to any other on the SAVE ON DICK'S market today. X3752 S499. LED ONLY TURN ThisSmm BULK PACKS! WORP-9 An incredibly versatile word processor that Amasmgt RIM LED be used in 6 provides a host of features including unlimited text iaertion ca YOUR OWN .itt5 dozens of ability to print mailing labels & merge name & address file applications rres RESISTOR PACK: 3110 warning Z-4000 I with a standard form letter. X-3761 S499. where a flashing computer selected thW types $7.50 Is needed TV INTO c-5 ''" TYPING TUTOR: An interactive program that teaches worth $20.00 (R-7010). you to touch type Claimed to teach typing abbe faster than A CRO! ` ELECTROLYTIC PACK: any other method X-3682 S35.50. GRADUATE_ remarkable kit temeany SS elentros, at least $16.00 TM" ONLY ENZ $8.50 SPEED R EADI NG: 4 programs, 2 cassettes, designed to EDGE METER surplue 8&W (or color) TV value. (A.7030). help readers of age. improve reading skills. Reading ids 10(ne into la scoN: audiois all SN1Z CAPACITOR PACK: 60 speed can be seconds per line. is ideal for fine level oscilloscope. It ideal for seta high as 0.1 8 Greencaps, at least 513.00 X-3692 533.50. adjustments. Hi -Fi and audio display S8.50 4 application value. (R.7040). SIM UT K PACKAGE ONE: Pive fantastic space fantasy K-3060 P&P.f3.00 games in one Outstanding value, CO -J1 .°ami T1.00 X-3685 529.95. DSE/A094/LM

DICK SMITH ELECTRONICS j:r 98 Carltqn Gore Rd. Newmarket Call Into our store and Auckland 1. Ph. (Auckland) 50 4408 50 4409 collect your copy of LI] MAIL ORDER CENTRE Address as above. our catalogue! STORE HOURS: Monday to Friday 8.30am to 5pm. F o 4SMHz/lmV oN Model BS625 o aby J` Oj se,)%eec

WITH BUILT-IN COMPONENT TESTER AT NO EXTRA COST!! $550.00 Find faults faster... check component values... see characteristics on the screen. ELMEASCO Instruments Pig. Ltd. P.O. Box 30, Concord, NSW. 2137 P.O. Box 107, Mt. Waverley, Vic. 3149 13.15 McDonald St., Mortlake, NSW. 21.23 Anthony Drive, Mt. Waverley, Vic. SIRON Phone: 736-2888, Telex: 25887 Phone: 233-4044. Telex: 36206 (02) (03)

AU ple.s ". plus sales 4s if apphcabl. Adelaide:108) 271-1839 Brisbane : (07) 229-3161 Perth : (09) 398-3362 E115 digest It's a chip, it's a what? it's a SUPERFET!

A new monolithic device which allegedly has the Max. Drain -to- Drain -to -emitter Current when advantages of VMOS devices combined with the high Device Type Emitter Voltage Voltage VDE Conducting BVDES current handling capability and low saturation voltage of a bipolar transistor has been developed by Supertex XNO135N1 350 V 6V 20 A XNO140N 1 400 V 6V 20 A Inc of California, and ís claimed to offer considerably XNo145N 1 450 V 6V 20 A better switching performance than existing products. XNO150N1 500 V 6V 20 A The internal circuit of the Summary of XNO1 device categories; all are in TO -3 packages. WPM/COLLECTOR SUPERFET, shown here, N -CHANNEL VMOS to produce the maximum to use them to match the consists INPUT DEVICE of a VMOS input current of 20 A. It is claimed that performance of the SUPERFET device - which provides an the saturation voltage of the owing to the lead inductances. extremely high input imped- SUPERFET is lower than that of As in the case of all enhance- ance, a current gain of any comparable power ment VMOS devices, the a perhaps hundred million MOSFET device. Resistive SUPERFET will be non- and a very fast switching switching speeds are compar- conducting at zero gate voltage capability - and a bipolar able with those of power (maximum current 10 mA at output transistor specially MOSFET devices and more 25°C'or 100 mA at 125°C). A designed to preserve the than twice as fast as those of a positive potential applied to the fast switching ability. comparable 450 V, 20 A power gate will turn the device to its A 10 ohm resistor is con- Darlington device. conducting state. nected between the base and Incidentally, it is not possible Applications of the emitter of the bipolar output paper given at the US Powercon to make a circuit with the SUPERFET are expected to lie transistor to prevent the device Conference recently. It consists performance of a SUPERFET mainly in fields where fast from being turned on by of an n -channel enhancement by connecting a VMOS device to switching is needed at high spurious transient signals. In mode DMOS power FET and a high -power bipolar transistor. power levels (e.g: switch mode fact, this resistor consists of 32 an npn high current, high The switching speeds of the power supplies). This device is separate resistors connected in voltage power transistor. available VMOS and bipolar likely to be much used in parallel to preserve the fast It is a really high power device, devices are similar to or worse switched mode power supply switching capability, while the available with voltage ratings than that of the SUPERFET, units for higher frequencies output transistor has many from 350 V to 500 V, and can while parasitic lead inductances than can easily be handled by small emitter regions con- pass a continuous drain current in the connections to the two high -power bipolar discrete nected to two output pads. The of 20 A (40 A when pulsed) with devices would drastically limit transistors. Devices which will VMOS input transistor occupies a power dissipation that can the operating speed. operate at 200 kHz or more are about 40% of the area of the 6.5 reach 150 W. Supertex has stated that even required for this purpose. mm 6.2 by mm chip. A particular feature of this if devices with a faster switching Another application is in the The Supertex XN01 was the device is that a drain -emitter capability should become field of ac motor control. first SUPERFET described in a voltage of only 6 V can be used available, it will not be possible Brian Dance Don't solder your fingers Scope Laboratories now have available a dispenser pack for desoldering braid which helps you avoid burnt fingertips - no longer do you have to hold the braid close to the working . area and the hot iron. Q sa-,:á:\., t;i> - The new pack is claimed to braids, but the two -metre roll is , accurately position p o ''.s: the braid, said to be nevertheless corn - r.,Lap ti 'I. C:. even in tight and awkward spots, petitively priced. : 1/`;;ii!i and lets surplus braid be easily For further details, contact ktr rewound. The dispenser, called Bev Evans, Scope Laboratories, t, the 'Scope Solder Blotter', also 3 Walton St, Airport West Vic. holds 30% more braid than 3042. (03)338-1566. most conventionally packed 8 - December 1981 ETI Hobbyist toolkit A good set of workshop tools can make all the difference between a hassle and a pleasure when it comes to doing the mechanical construction work for electronic projects. Good tools can also make the All in all, the Minitool range difference between 'just a job' looks very comprehensive and and a 'professional finish' on would prove most useful to the that project. hobbyist who wants to make his Minitool Australia recently or her work less of a hassle and introduced a series of small- to produce more of a 'profes- scale electrically operated tools sional' job. and tool kits that are just right for Two workshop 'kits' are the hobbyist - particularly available. The larger, Kit beginners and youngsters. 000-62-90X, includes a power All the tools operate from a 12 supply (12 Vdc plugpack), pistol Vdc source- battery or suitable drill, drill stand, orbital sander, plugback or dc power supply. flexible shaft unit, table clamp, Amongst the tools are: a pistol platform table, jigsaw, spare drill that takes drill bits from 0.8 blades and a very handy carry Cheaper housing! mm to 6 mm diameter (just case - all for $250 (rrp). The Individually styled plastic housings for electronic and right for pc boards, jiffy boxes 000-62-90Y Kit does not scientific instrumentation, computers, business machines, and small front panels); a jigsaw include the flexible shaft unit etc, can now be custom -designed and manufactured without with a cutting depth to 7 mm and is priced at $199 (rrp). the high tooling and die costs normally associated with (the saw has a blunt tip to Look for the exciting conventional moulding processes. protect against injury); an orbital competition with a Minitool A new service offered by state is lightweight, durable and sander and a drilling stand. In Workshop kit and tools as prizes Aegis Pty Ltd of Melbourne highly impact resistant. addition, you can attach a flex- in a forthcoming issue of ETI. utilises vacuum forming and The service is expected to be ible shaft to the drill and a chuck More details on the tools can fabrication techniques, which of particular advantage to on the opposite end to hold all be had from Minitool Australia, afford the designer virtually all manufacturers of specialised sorts of accessory tool bits - 134A Ayr St, Doncaster Vic. the facilities of conventional equipment in the low to like drills, milling cutters, grind- 3108. (03)850-9887. moulding, but tooling costs are medium -volume field, where a ing bits, wire brushes, etc, etc. in the order of only a few professional presentation is hundred dollars as compared to required without high initial the several thousands of dollars capital outlay. >+. normally incurred. For further information The process makes use of contact Sigea Australia versatile ABS plastic sheet, (Marketing Division of Aegis Pty which lends itself readily to Ltd), 141 Christmas St, Fairfield forming into a myriad of shapes Vic. 3078. (03)481-1422; telex: and styles and in the finished AÁ34225. Natsemi changes distributors National Semiconductor (Australia) has announced that it is switching all its distributor business from ICS Pty Ltd and RIFA Pty Ltd, retaining Semtech NSW Pty Ltd and appointing a new company, NSD Pty Ltd, to handle its product lines. NSD is headed by two top also each carried their own salesmen from ICS and RIFA, competitive semiconductor Range of accessories from BWD both of whom have had wide lines. We were not content that Complementing the wide range of professional instruments experience with Natsemi pro- ICS and RIFA were giving our manufactured by BWD Instruments Pty Ltd is an equally wide ducts. Mr. Kerry Kelly from ICS product the level of exposure range of accessories to be used with BWD's oscilloscopes, will head NSW sales, and Mr. and thrust we wanted. The new power supplies, function generators, etc. George Stockman from RIFA arrangement gives us a much The range includes probes, convenience of use, safety and will look after Victorian stronger marketing arm." cameras, carrying cases, dust weight distribution. It is hoped to develop the covers, protective front covers For further information National Semiconductor design -in side of the business and viewing hoods. Each contact BWD Instruments Pty explained the change: "In both under the new arrangement, product is manufactured for or Ltd, Miles St, Mulgrave Vic. New South Wales and Victoria whereby NDS will design com- by BWD to their own specifi- 3170. (P.O. Box 325, Springvale the distributors were not only ponents to order for customers. cations, and considerable atten- Vic. 3171). (03)561-2888; telex: competing with one another but tion is said to be given to 35115. ETI December 1981 - 9 NEWS digest Ideas for Christmas ,o Tandy Electronics has come up with a few answers to that age-old plaint: "Whatever can we buy so-and-so for Christmas?" _a Tandy's gifts cover all ages, driving one of Tandy's radio - starting with a good idea for controlled toy cars, which can teaching young schoolchildren be bought with a range 'of to calculate with Radio Shack's features; there are even tanks EC -351 Child's Learning Cal- and motorcycles. Prices range -J'

culator. This comes with an from $16.95 to $89.95, . I easy -to -understand booklet and depending on how sophisti- is supposed to make even cated the remote control system arithmetic fun. It'll cost you is on the model chosen. $ 12.95. The Tandy 'Electronic For kids to use as a 'lie Computerised Arcade' is twelve detector' or adults who have action -packed electronic .. trouble relaxing, Tandy's 'Bio- games in one, costing only feedback Monitor' has two $39.95. Children - and the rest probes . which clip to your of the family, no doubt - can fingers and measure your stress compete at baseball, gamble on level by judging your skin roulette, guess unknown resistance. The trick is to make colours, fire torpedoes to .sink other products ranging from .that the name of Tandy is the tone from the monitor's enemy ships, or shoot missiles microcomputers to security automatically associated with. loudspeaker change by to bring down alien spacecraft systems, stereo systems to Don't miss your copy of the relaxing. Such a gadget will set It's even a twelve -note organ you clocks and radios, plus of catalogue - it's free at any you back $18.95. can compose songs on as well! course all the tools, hardware, Tandy store. There are cuddly toys with AM And if you're still having trouble electronic parts and accessories radios inside them, priced deciding what to buy, have a go upwards from the 'Cuddly Cat' at Tandy's 'Executive Decision at $ 14.95, and for more Maker' for 514.95. You. ask it a LED catalogue from Philips advanced music lovers there is question and press a button, Available from Philips Electronic Components and Materials also the Stereo -Mate AM/FM whereupon one of six randomly is a new short -form catalogue detailing more than sixty types radio with micro headset for use chosen replies will be indicated, of LED circuit board indicators. Highlighted are red, green while walking, working, exer- ranging from 'definitely' to and yellow LEDs, QUAD -LED four -element arrays, and cising, etc. It goes for $64.95, 'forget it'. Give one to your bicolour. while for $99.95 you can get the managing director or local Illustrated with photographs To receive this catalogue (75 - mobile SCP-4 Personal Stereo politician and help make their and dimensional drawings, the CBI -8100), contact Sales Cassette Player and listen to lives easier! catalogue provides complete Department, Philips Electronic your own choice of music. As well as such toys and product descriptions and spec- Components and Materials, 67 You can get hours of fun, gadgets, the new Tandy cata- ifications. Particularly handy is a Mars Road, Lane Cove NSW. thrills and developing skills logue contains almost 2500 product selector chart. (02)427-0888.

Quantity Orders of Quartz Crystals 100 off or more available at very competitive prices. Ring 546 5076 for quotes.

Bright Star Crystals.; PO Box 42, Springvale, Ph (03) 546-5076 Telex AA36004.

10 - December 1981 ETI el' scanners ...action, as it happens A choice of 3 scanners - for use at home or on the go! Vicom International Pty. Ltd. 57 City Road Model M100 South Melbourne The 10 Victoria, 3205 channel, no-crystal scanner! Phone (03) 62 6931 FEATURES: 339 Pacific Hwy. No crystals required Crows Nest NSW. 10 Channels 2065 6 Bands Phone(02)4362766 All frequency search 1(9)131 Priority ' .arn Of r p.. Authorised 10 programmable RAM. Channels Dealers C.415_1_1l C _1 Search Hold to stay with important frequencies N.S.W. Search and scan delay Newcastle: C71»_11 Manual, Search or Scan Control Elektron 2000 l Custom frequency -synthesized circuitry 26 2644 (. &4;Ii AC supply and DC cord supplied Wagga: Rivercom rtt.y TOUCH woo Detachable, swivel telescope 21 2125 antenna supplied f WGong: Macalec Attractive, durable case 29 1455 Top-mounted speaker Regency and Queensland quality reliability Brisbane: CW $399 Electronics 397 0808 Cairns: GCG Communications 54 1035 Gold Coast Amateurs Model H604E Paradise 32 2644 The hand-held scanner gives you the action wherever you go. .r Townsville: Robco Equipment 72 2633 FEATURES: .+. 6 Channels - so you'll hear all the action Victoria 4 Bands - Melbourne LoVHF, HiVHF, UHF, UHF -T iííZí: Eastern Communi- Advanced circuitry - combines small size with great performance cations 288 3107 L.E.D. channel indicators - bright and long lasting Moe: Codlin Channel lock-outs - select only the channels you want to hear Communications Step Control - advance channels one at a time 27 4516 Hamilton: Hamilton Two Antennas - Flexible antenna and wire antenna included Electronics 72 3333 Ballarat: Wecam 39 2808 Frankston: World _ Wide Radio 789 3412'' $169 South Australia price does not include crystals Adelaide: Compucom 43 7981 I.C.S. 47 3688 Mt. Gambier Set Model M400 ' Hear all the action on 30 Services 25 2228 ' channels covering Western Australia over 15,000 frequencies. Perth: Willis FEATURES: Electronics 21 7609 No crystals required , 30 Channels Netronics 46 3232 6 Bands Kalgoorlie: Hocks All frequency search N 21 1906 Priority Digital readout quartz clock Tasmania 30 programmable Channels Launceston: Search Hold to stay with important frequencies Quartz elapsed time clock records up to 100 hours Gelston 44 3882 Programmable Search Increments C 3i.4 Y6úúP5 Advanced Search and scan delay Electronics 31 7075 Manual, Search or Scan Control ar, Hobart: Custom frequency -synthesized circuitry Harvey AC supply and DC cord supplied Skegg 47 6674 Detachable swivel telescope antenna supplied . Burnie: VK Nickel Cadmium memory battery included Electronics 31 Attractive, durable case 1708 Top-mounted speaker On Yp W Regency quality and reliability $449 W TqUGH WOO NEWS digest Something terrible happened in outer space .. . Astronomers have just discovered that something really terrible happened way out in space some time ago, but they don't know yet where it was, when it was, how terrible it was ENERGY MONITOR wwroo or even quite what it was. n L, c _ . ; _ u un. i_ti -' Examination of a backlog of density and rapid rotation. el recognised 1977 0 O 1 O recordings made in Earth's The newly MINI V/ WM orbit four years ago by the first event was recorded by X-ray Y. . J ', :0 high-energy astronomy obser- detectors placed on the orbiting vatory has revealed a burst of observatory by the American gamma rays, indicating a catas- Naval Research Laboratory r trophic event far out in space. under Dr. Herbert Friedman. The burst was followed by half a The detectors were able to minute of 4.2 second reverber- record the burst because, ations, suggesting its probable although it was primarily in association with a superdense gamma rays, it overlapped the neutron star rotating at that rate. X-ray spectrum. The rays were Energy monitors from Soar Only one other such reverb- too weak for recording by other GFS Electronic Imports now have stocks of two new Soar erating gamma ray burst has spacecraft, and hence the energy monitors, designated MW -200 and MW-200SD. been recorded, on March 5 direction of the source has not According to GFS, these will allow accurate measurement of 1979. The newly discovered been determined. electrical consumption of individual machines on electrical event was actually recorded on The suddenness and circuits, enabling manufacturers to determine precisely October 29 1977. violence of the 1979 event were running costs of the particular areas under measurement. The 1979 burst was detected difficult to explain. It soared to Using this facility, GFS claim monitored. by nine spacecraft scattered full power in only twelve that manufacturers will be able Top of the range is the MW - about the solar system. By hundredths of a second, then to price their products more 200, which features both an comparing precise arrival times tapered off in the next three competitively as well as increase accumulated kilowatt/hour, of theburst at each of them, it minutes, reverberating at an their profits by isolating areas of readout as well as a separate was possible to determine that it eight -second rate. One high electrical energy con- instantaneous kilowatt power came from the direction of a suggested explanation was that sumption and then streamlining readout. Both models incorpo- large Magellanic cloud, a small a comet fell on a neutron star the operation of these areas to rate an automatic timer which galaxy of stars about 200 000 rotating every eight seconds; reduce energy usage. allows measurement to be light years away, not far from the another that an asteroid fell on Made by the Soar Corpora- taken over two ranges - 1 to outer fringes of the Milky Way. If the star. About 96 000 km out tion of Japan, the range of 99 minutes or 1 to 99 hours - the source was indeed that far the asteroid would have begun monitors consists of two digital with a maximum reading of away, within seconds it must to disintegrate under the readout models. Both are 100 000 kW/hr in two ranges. have emitted as much energy as influence of the neutron star's designed for easy installation For further information the stars of the Milky Way extreme gravity, stretching into and make use of magnetic pick- contact GFS Electronic combined. a long trail of debris. This debris up probes which simply clamp Imports, 15 McKeon Rd, Many astronomers believe would have encircled and fallen around the power cables of the Mitcham Vic. 3132. (03) that the source of this 1979 on the star, approaching the machine or area to be 873-3939; telex: 38053. burst was a neutron star within speed of light, and, in one billionth becoming that star cloud. A neutron star is of a second, ERRATA & OMISSIONS formed when a large star heated to two billion degrees Series 5000 Preamp, Oct.'81. The 400 Hz oscillator procedure was omitted. exhausts its nuclear fuel, cools Fahrenheit. This could have It's simple. Take your muttimeter, set to read ac volts, and connect it between and collapses into an object of generated the sharp pulse of the wiper of RV4 and 0 V. Set RV4 to obtain 1.2 Vac (RMS). R52 R53 on the overlay are shown as 220R when they extremely small size, high gamma rays. Note that and should be 220k as per the circuit and parts list. However, newly the dis- ETI-660 Learner's Micro, Nov. '81. On Overlay Drawing #5, p.32, the link covered 1977 burst does not fit near IC8 is shown as LINK 2 when it should be LINK 3. On the circuit, pages FOR EVERY this model, according to Dr. 36-37, the designations for diodes D5 and D6 are reversed. The upper diode is Friedman. The two -second time D6. The note relating to 05, D6 is correct. PRINTED Programming in CHIP -8, Nov. '81. The for loading on cassette (In required for the pulse to reach procedure box, p.116) has an omission. The load procedure should read: CIRCUIT full power is not compatible with 'RESET an almost instantaneous '0' (EVER PUBLISHED) impact. One possibility, he 'STEP' '0400' added, might be that material IN '06' that had accumulated in orbit 'STEP' ETI around. the star had fallen on it '00' when perturbed in some 'STEP '07' PRINTED CIRCUITS manner. Another explanation 'STEP' could be sudden contraction or '25' AUSTRALIA some other form of extremely (or you could put FF here) 651 Forest Rd., Bexley 2207 massive transformation within 'RESET '4' Phone (02) 587-5385 the star.

12 - December 1981 ETI TM

_ eok V ÜSSIIS a CC ceaC ace ver S. eveC Ja tem , PStSt001{Cst. StOck poeC each SUCpus Z . the PG 0 4v 56 Za3 asid P, at ourroCt,ue d M a24 ry p.Cr Mode 12 ° ' each Cs $12. dsG ochCo,e nt, M°r G o,\y at aS 6 ° 6 . G e 16BNR 16ra caCt°rsl J P16 e n°t r °C`g 76 each h Ses s° 6 each 63 each en at ' ' 36 S ory 11 .$146.63146 each

tCeC h bu°r 9 o`y a 4 °ny at . $tag each . ep SW push bu°n S1 pu° 4 °Cy at $a45 5 arum 4ayvay Pu pushbuttonu uenta ony at vd4D M a 6 ua 6ay sea 6 e Set MS Maru S6 `oopeÇ:ø'c hers ava\a 1pMN oopng ó 01-040N SS606 hK,rgbCahardevde LN , ra each Some 19e stches eS 7 8 above ub P e at each nte.m must PcC s, 26 °r`y. $g 'rgpeC\ \s Paymet d`COrS °ry at pacKa9'6 bas v\dco e,ubes, 00 post tn\st\n,t`\s 14P14a $4.00 ets\egUn\ed 201)1415.5 P GtUC P`o \ast a data she ° any 01531 stocks é\oPe f °t \ r`\e s aPP\ica essed en de\ kW( dd\ G°°°cPa\c\vdeGoods °n sano\ a\es N6' s ed sent a JAVELIN p,\\ P\`c send Stamp ', P\ease II ELECTRONICS (A/ASIA) PTY LIMITED Potts Point NSW 2011 15-19 Boundary Street, Rushcutters Bay, NSW 2011 P.O. Box 588, Telephone: Sydney (02) 33 0966 Melbourne (03) 699 8721 Brisbane (07) 262 7545 Particle Beam Fusion ' ¿VJ/! , ' + - I -- , ---- - ,--.,-= --,-= . I'- - . '1 _a - ,,f r --' _ _ °Pilmear - ` ;. = 'w_, mowlk a 4 - - A - r

e % ';Tif"It tr \!r .r7n 1iriCiii', kAaair tái 4 i .1 \4_i ..so, .40 s , , , . .. , nu. j: - sue, The USA's largest particle beam fusion -; accelerator (PBFA-1), completed In mid-1980, at Sandia Labs, Albuquerque. It is 30.5 m (100tt) in diameter and produces 36 ion beams, subjecting fuel pellets to a total power of 30 trillion watts. There are two basic ways in which nuclear energy can be released from matter - by fission and by fusion. Will particle beam fusion supersede the fission process of bur present-day nuclear reactors to provide the answer to Brian Dance world energy requirements? IN PRESENT-DAY nuclear reactors, in harnessing the fusion reactions to which heavy appears as `fallout', but in any atoms (uranium and plutonium) produce useful power is that these case one certainly would not wish divide into to try two parts to form lighter reactions will only occur at very high to use a hydrogen bomb as a source of atoms together with neutrons and temperatures (hundreds of millions of useful energy! energy; the neutrons then cause more of degrees Celsius), since only at such During the heavy the past thirty years man has atoms to divide. This is the temperatures do the nuclei of the atoms therefore undertaken intense research fission process that was also used in the have enough energy to come together in to try to 'tame' the hydrogen bomb so early nuclear weapons used at Hiro- spite of the mutual repulsion of their that controlled thermonuclear power shima and Nagasaki. Unfortunately, as positive charges. could be became obtained using cheap fuel with- tragically apparent, fission The sun and stars obtain their energy out the production of much radioactive produces much highly radioactive from fusion reactions. Hydrogen bombs waste. waste. Unfortunately this problem has also use fusion to liberate energy, but proved to be one of the most difficult Fusion they require a fission bomb as a `match' projects ever tackled, although the to heat up their nuclear fuel to a possibility of obtaining large amounts The second possible technique is the temperature at which the fusion re- of energy at a relatively low price is fusion process, in which light atoms action can commence. The fission bomb enormously attractive. (particularly hydrogen) fuse together to and the neutrons produced in the fusion In 1950s form the the United States, the heavier atoms. The main problem reaction produce much radioactivity, USSR and Britain were all carrying out

14 - December 1981 ETI work using electrical discharges of very high currents through gases to try to produce the high temperatures required STEP 1: Pellet irradiation for thermonuclear fusion reactions to occur; the writer was involved in this work at that time. Initially the work was highly classified, owing to the im- thermonuclear fuel DT portance of cheap power to a nation, but it was de -classified towards the end of the 1950s as it became clear that a very long time would pass before much use- incident energy beams ful power could be obtained from fusion rapidly expanding reactions. material heated by Basically the idea is to confine a beams plasma of ionised gas at a very high temperature in a `magnetic bottle' so that it cannot touch any solid material which could away much heat take and Step two portrays reaction on a reduce the reaction speed. All materials scale ten times larger than step are gases at temperatures at which one. thermonuclear reactions can occur, so it was proposed that a magnetic field be used to keep the gases together whilst the reaction took place. Work on mag- netic confinement is still being intensively continued in the United States, in the USSR and in Europe. The European efforts are now concentrated in the Joint European Torus (JET) pellet wall during final stages of compression project at Culham in England, since the cost is so high that it is best shared amongst the participating nations. compressed and heated DT fuel undergoing fusion reaction Thus. in spite of thirty years of I neutrons from fusing DT intensive research, man is still a very long way from being able to use fusion reactions to provide him with a con- Figure 1. The thermonuclear fuel of the pellet imploded by external radiant energy. venient source of controlled and cheap energy. However, as our energy prob- The fuel pellets which it is proposed to intense radiation environments for the lems have become increasingly more employ in inertial confinement fusion testing of the resistance of United severe during the last few years, work work are a few millimetres in diameter. States nuclear weapons to the radiation on controlled thermo-nuclear fusion has In order that the thermonuclear fuel from any enemy nuclear bursts nearby. been intensified and a second technique containing deuterium and tritium at For this purpose a series of electron has been evolved for attempting to keep the centre of the pellet shall be accelerators was constructed, ranging the nuclear fuel together at a tempera- adequately compressed and heated, as from a 300 kV Nereus accelerator to a ture of some 300 million degrees for depicted in Figure 1, it is necessary to huge 12 MV Hermes H in the later long enough for it to react. deliver a very intense pulse of energy to 1960s. Inertial confinement calcula- the outside layers of the pellet, this tions indicated that the expertise Inertial confinement energy being delivered from all sides of available at the Albuquerque pulsed In the second technique, known as the pellet simultaneously. Thus very radiation facilities was especially suit- inertial confinement, the fuel is con- powerful and specialised equipment is able for investigating the possibility of tained inside a small spherical pellet required. Let us look how work on developing a reactor using the inertial which has outer layers of metal or glass. nuclear weapons in the United States confinement principle. The pellet is heated very rapidly by a may contribute to the peaceful genera- An accelerator project costing some laser beam or by a particle beam; the tion of thermonuclear power. US$14 million was completed in mid - outer heated layers expand rapidly 1980. Originally named Electron Beam outwards and the force of reaction Sandia Laboratories Fusion Accelerator (EBFA), since it was causes the remaining material to be The Sandia Corporation, a subsidiary of designed to produce intense pulsed rapidly radially accelerated inwards; Western Electric, operates the Sandia beams of electrons, this accelerator has thé compression causes a temperature Laboratories at Albuquerque, New been renamed Particle Beam Fusion rise. If the temperature rises to about Mexico, on a non-profit basis for the Accelerator (PBFA-1), since light ion 300 million degrees whilst the fuel United States Department of Energy. beams are more attractive than elec- pellet is compressed to a density of The primary work of the 7600 em- trons for inertial confinement work. hundreds of times that of a typical solid, ployees is in research and development This accelerator is over 30 m in a reaction with a duration of the order of for nuclear weapon systems, but about diameter and will produce 36 separate 1 ns will occur and produce a very in- 120 people are working on inertial ion beams converging radially inwards tense burst of thermonuclear energy in confinement - probably the largest towards a fuel pellet. It is the largest the form of neutrons, ions and X rays. group in the world in this field. pulsed power accelerator in the world Successive pellets would be irradiated In the early 1960s Sandia Labora- and will deliver about 30 x 1012 W or to obtain more bursts of energy. tories were engaged in the use of pulsed about 1 MJ (1 megajoule) to a pellet in

ETI December 1981 - 15 . 9 'y. .. llyert ° DI . t.-

, 1",

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Cal Y-1256 CREDIT TERMS AVAILABLE TO APPROVED 'APPLICANTS . r w , n n . r .. . ii eases the design of the reaction vessel, w since without the moderating effect of the gas, the intense bursts of radiation a would damage the surfaces of the re- actor wall. Ilk Nevertheless laser work is being intensively carried out. The Shiva laser system at the Lawrence . L. a& Livermore Laboratory equals the PBFA power of 30 TW and its updated version, Nova, / 1 \, has an output power of 120 to 300 TW. However, it is expected the PBFA-2 11 that will be constructed at a total cost of / ./ J, some $40 million as against the \:^1.'" -' $188 million Nova laser system. Laser ^. : A .. r' systems are said to be very inefficient in I.,3 power (1% to 5%) when compared with ,- .: the PBFA system (about 25%). ..r. '%. "VIA il The Shiva laser system is used to I- . y . . . --- .1 r . t r ` ` irradiate targets consisting of hollow 11.1 glass spheres of 322 µm diameter and )+I. 7 with walls 2µm thick. A mixture of deuterium and tritium gas (the nuclear l fuel) is - contained in the spheres. Twenty laser beams irradiate the J spheres with 90 ps pulses, which deliver about 2 kJ. Thus the laser pulses are shorter in duration than the PBFA pulses and deliver less energy to the pellet. f When electron beams are compared with ion beams for inertial confinement e fusion work, one of the main differences is the long range of electrons in matter. Electron beam interactions with the Overhead view of the central section of lañdia's P9FA-1 acceleratór, showing the 36 transmission lines matter of the pellets must therefore be converging on the diode area (diode not installed). This machine is now being tested in preparation for Inertial confinement fusion experiments with ion beam pulses producing 30 trillion watts in increased by the use of intense magnetic 40 nanoseconds. fields. The shorter range of an ion beam 30 ns. It will be suitable for generating irradiate single pellets. Nevertheless, it in matter is said to make it much more either electron or ion beams and will be has been predicted that if the experi- suitable for igniting thermonuclear fuel used for weapon testing as well as for ments are successful, they could lead to pellets, since the energy of the beam is controlled thermonuclear research. the construction of experimental power more effectively deposited in a small In 1983 to 1984 it is planned to up- reactors which could be in operation mass of material on the outside of the grade the PBFA-1 to a more powerful within 20 years of the pellet ignition pellet without the use of any magnetic PBFA-2. The upgrading will involve principles being established. field to enhance the beam interaction doubling the number of ion beams from with the pellet. 36 to 72 and operating from 4 MV Which beam? A further advantage of the use of ion instead of 2 MV. Each of the 72 modules Which type of beam should one use for beams is that the X ray emission as the of the upgraded machine will produce delivering intense pulses of energy to ions slow down in the pellet is much about 300 kA at 4 MV, so that the total the fuel pellets? Laser beams, electron smaller than in the case of electron power output will be about 100 TW beams or ion beams? Scientists at beams. The intense X rays present (= 1014 W). It should be ready for Sandia Laboratories are strongly in when electron beams are used can heat testing by 1985. favour of ion beams, but there are some the pellet walls and severely degrade It is confidently expected by Sandia important differences between the the quality of the compression required workers that the PBFA-2 will release as various methods. to ignite the fuel. In ion beam systems much energy from the fuel pellets as is The transport of the beam from its the designer can select the optimum required by the accelerator and that a source to the target pellet is a vital con - pellet materials and ion beam proper- net energy gain will be achieved soon sideration in inertial confinement ties to maximise the use of the beam after the testing of the upgraded systems. A distance of at least 1 m is energy in obtaining pellet ignition. machine. In a complete reactor systern, required between the pellet and the Efficient methods for producing intense the heat released would be used to reactor walls to absorb the energy of the ion beams had not become well de- power a turbogenerator. microexplosions from each pellet. Laser veloped until the early 1970s, but rapid It is intended that the fuel pellets will beams must travel in nearly a complete progress was then made. The same type be injected into the reaction chamber at vacuum to prevent gas breakdown at of facilities are required for the a rate of the order of ten pellets per the very high intensities used, but generation of both pulsed ion beams and second. They will be vapourised in particle beams can be transported at a pulsed electron beams, so the PBFA miniature explosions which each re- gas pressure of 0.1 to 1 atmosphere. The accelerator can be used to produce lease about as much energy as 3 kg of gas present will moderate the intense beams of either type. TNT. However, the PBFA is only an pulses of X ray and debris energy from The PBFA equipment will use light experimental reactor which will the fusion pellets and considerably ions such as carbon, oxygen, etc. which

18 - December 1981 ETI be can accelerated much more readily The pulse energy passes from the cross the gap to the positive electrode than heavy ions. Ions have the further water -filled pulse lines into a vacuum (Figure 3). ions are intro- advantage If positive that they can be bunched to- transmission line which carries it some duced from a plasma layer in the gether at the target by increasing the six metres to the particle beam source. vicinity of the positive electrode, the accelerating voltage during the pulse so In the latter, a high electric stress electric field from negative electrons that the slower moving ions at the start across the electrodes in a vacuum re- will accelerate the intense ion currents. of the pulse are overtaken by the faster sults in a layer of plasma forming on the The heavy ions can cross the gap be- moving ions later in the pulse. This can negative electrode surface within a few tween the electrodes almost undeflected increase the pulse power by a factor of ns. In electron beam sources, electrons by the magnetic field. about five times. Calculations indicate from the plasma are drawn to the posi- A channel may be formed by passing that the use of ion beams is about three tive electrode (Figure 2), whereas in an an intense electric discharge through to ten times as effective as the use of ion source a magnetic field is applied gas; the discharge path may be initiated electron beams of equal power. In the which causes the electrons to travel in by a laser beam of moderate power PBFA experiments the ion beams are spiral paths so that they can no longer (Figure 4). The ion particle beam is in- used to irradiate gold or plastic shells a jected into one end of the channel when few mm in diameter with walls 0.02 to the channel current has reached about 0.4 mm in thickness. 50 kA and when the hot plasma channel Three fields thin foil has expanded to a diameter of 5 to positive 10 mm. The repulsive space charge The work on ion fusion can be divided electrode effects in the ion beam are neutralised into three main fields. These are: (1) the by the hot conducting plasma in the ion source and accelerator; (ii) the fuel channel. The beam particles are con- pellets and the physics of the pellet re- fined by the presence of the magnetic actions; (iii) the reactor system itself. emerging electron field established by the channel forming 1. Ion source beam discharge. The ion source is essentially a high 2. The pellet voltage pulse generator, which converts fuel pellets must be Figure 2. An electron beam source. The thermonuclear electrical energy into the energy of the designed so that the fuel is compressed particle beams, together with the very uniformly. A flash X-ray diag- system for transporting the ion beams magnetic lines of force nostic system has been developed to to the target. The pulse generator con- - electrode examine the inside of imploding sists of capacitors which are charged in spherical pellets for symmetry of im- parallel from fairly low voltage supplies plosion; effective exposure times of 3 ns and which are discharged in series to + electrode have been used. High speed holography produce a high voltage for about 1 µs. has also been used for examining the The pulse passes to an intermediate mil cylindrical implosions. storage capacitor using water as the di- 3. Reactor systems electric. A triggered gas switch switches ion emitting ions -- The basic reactions for beam fusion the into the pulse forming do, material stored energy systems are: section and is the main time synchronis- electrons "tied" ing element for the 36 beam lines of to field lines 2H + iH = 1n + 2He + energy (1) PBFA-1. The pulse is then shortened by a beam forming section to some 50 ns Figure 3. An ion beam source. A magnetic field on + 3Li = 1H + 2He + energy (2) duration. removes the electrons.

typical orbits of particles in beam contained by channel channel high -density gas boundary from expanding channel low density plasma

0.5 to 1 cm

particle beam source channel d scharge power supply magnetic lines of force target

to a Step 3. Repulsive space charge effects as well as Step 1. Lightning bolt is originated, and current Step 2. After the hot plasma channel expands of the injected beam are neutralised flowing in bolt heats gas, turning It into a diameter of 0.5 to 1.0 centimetre and the channel current flow plasma in the channel. The conductor (plasma) which rapidly expands. The current reaches levels of about 50 000 amperes, by the hot conducting end. magnetic field previously established by the flowing current creates a magnetic field in the the particle beam is injected into one the beam channel. channel -forming discharge confines particles as they travel from the source to the target.

Figure 4. An ion channel formed by a moderate power laser beam.

ETI December 1981 - 19 The first reaction between the hydrogen absorbed by the walls of the reaction produce only a few hundred megawatts isotopes deuterium and tritium produces chamber is available for the production of electricity, may well be economically a. neutron and an alpha particle. In a of steam for electricity generation. feasible. Larger plants could be practical reactor the neutrons emerging Although it is not expected that a constructed later. (For comparison, from the fuel pellet would be trapped by particle beam fusion reactor will be typical conventional generating sta- surrounding the pellet with a blanket of constructed for a considerable time, tions range up to about 1000 MW.) The lithium where the second reaction work on possible designs is proceeding probable form and external appearance would occur, producing tritium re- so that this type of reactor can become a of a laser beam fusion power station of quired for making more fuel pellets. reality at the earliest possible date. the future able to produce about The heat produced by both reactions Studies of fusion reactor systems 100 MW of electrical power is shown in and by the X-ray and particle energy have shown that such reactors, which Figure 5.

Injector Shutters Pellet Target Chamber Pulse Forming Lines Energy Storage with Lithium Blanket

_..:s.,.. j=l

'_.- ..I Turbine

./ Channel forming Lasers - Steam Generation

Heat Exchange

I!I 'w

.114.1r5#111P 11 i)i;ii"'. I rir.. ¡( (f1,,11 lIfl AN III11i11tltllffllll111nIAHuinv "1NtifÍyÍÍ1111111 1 Klli ! {I11?% , ii yti4»ttca arpI111tit 11 ; 11 s .1p?p . f :1451:t175111:14111_'1I1 1. '"4 ._- L _IÁkééL`'-

Figure 5. A compact 100 MW power station of the future. Conclusions Particle Beam Fusion Program START O COMPLETION Particle beam fusion offers a potentially assemble e desig attractive alternative to magnetic PBFA-I significant bum GOAL bottle technology for the development of &tab controlled thermonuclear power re- actors. However, even if the particle beam fusion principle is shown to be N.E.G. satisfactory, much depends on the eco- design & PBFA-II (Net Energy nomics of the reactor as to whether it fabricate Gain) will be a viable proposition. Projected timing is shown in Figure 6. The apparatus required for particle beam fusion needs much heavy en- REPETITIVE develop 1MW gineering work and is very FIRING therefore components (Average Power) expensive. However, once such a reactor TECHNOLOGY is set up and is properly operating, fuel costs will be extremely low. Deuterium is readily available from sea water at a CY 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 cost which is currently less than US$1 Figure 6. Project timing for particle beam fusion work in the next five years.

20 - December 1981 ETI per gram. All the tritium required as fuel can be produced in the lithium blanket surrounding a beam fusion Solderless reactor, so there should be no great problem in obtaining this relatively Breadboarding expensive material. Indeed, it has been suggested that the pellet used in a 'CIO Sockets particle beam fusion reactor should be surrounded with a blanket of natural 1 uranium which would absorb neutrons D 'ATCH and produce the enriched fuel required for conventional fission reactors. One of SE °` 'CE these fusion-fission reactors would produce enough enriched fuel for many 869 George Street, conventional reactors. Ample supplies Sydney, NSW. 2000. of lithium for the lithium blankets are (Near Harris Street) available. Phone 211-0816, 211-0191. A fusion reactor must contain about WE ARE DISTRIBUTORS 5 x 1018 individual nuclear reactions FOR:- "INTERSIL" for each kilowatt-hour of electricity INTEGRATED CIRCUITS produced. Viewed in another way this means that the fusion of the small amount of deuterium contained in DECEMBER .. enable you to insert your 1 gallon of ordinary water will produce SPECIALS a similar amount of energy to that ob- electronic components di- tained by burning about 350 gallons of rectly - without soldering "Weller" TCPI 12-14V S/Iron $36.35 ea. irons or adapters. petroleum spirit. "Weller" WTCPN Soldering Station $65.00 ea. Fusion reactors (unlike conventional US 140 Desolder Tool Universal $12.00 ea. Go from conception to fission reactors) will produce only PT 409 Desolder Tool Low static $19.98 ea. working in 60/40 Solder 0.8/mm x 250gm roll $6.45 roll circuit minutes. relatively small quantities of short- Ferguson Transformer Type PL The highest quality socket in the lived radioactive waste products, which 12/20VA/2 $5.50 ea. industry now carries a lifetime are expected to impose no great disposal "Metrosound" Junior Groovemaster guarantee. Should the SK 10 ever Record Cleaner Unit $2.25 ea. break, be fail problems. Indeed, the operation of SC -40 W2 Speaker Fader Control $2.00 ea. damaged or to 237 BC 238 10 for $0.75 ea. perform as return it fusion reactors is expected to produce Transistors BC or described, for a Meter Test Lead Set PIN PROD to 4m/m free replacement. No questions fewer environmental hazards than the BANANA PLUG $1.73 ea. asked. burning of fossil fuels (coal, petrol and "Kambrook" KD30 Light and cord reel unit $20.00 ea. I We can offer such a guarantee natural gas), which produces large "Philips" PAR 38 100 Watt E.S. because the SK 10 is a top quality amounts of carbon dioxide; the latter Flood Lamp $6.00 ea. socket built tough for years of use. "Arco" T635 D.P.D.T. Black Lever Integrated absorbs infra -red radiation and affects Toggle Switch $1.10 ea. circuits and discrete our climate. "Arco" C290/RA Micro Switch components insert directly without Nevertheless it will certainly be a with Swinger $1.50 ea. adapters. No patch cords needed. "OK" WSU 30 W/Wrap-Strap-Unwrap And of course, no soldering. very considerable time before we have Tool $9.61 ea. many fusion power stations in MF 504 Logic Probe Unit $33.95 ea. operation "Metrosound" M104 Microniser which provide us with a relatively Record Cleaner Brush $16.40 ea. ELECTRONIC cheap source of power from the deuteri- um contained in the sea. DEVELOPMENT SALES The writer is indebted to Karen PTY LIMITED TEXAS CALCULATORS 92 CHANDOS Shane, Sandia National Laboratories, Ex Tax Inc' Tax STREET, ST. LEONARDS Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, for TI 58C $135.00 $152.36 P.O. BOX 217 ST. LEONARDS, N.S.W. 2065 TI 59 $224.00 $255.40 AUSTRALIA providing information and 100C $205.00 $231.50 photographs PC PRINTER TELEPHONE: 438 2500 438 2412 for use in this article. TI 30 11 LCD $17.20 $19.00 TI 35 STUDENT PACK $24.57 $27.40 TELEX AA 25963 LITTLE PROFESSOR $17.20 $19.30 DATAMAN $23.63 $26.57 DISTRIBUTORS SPELLING BEE $46.96 $52.84 N.S.W DGE SYSTEMS LIBRARIES FOR TI 58/59 $33.40 $37.60 103 Broadmeadow Road. Broadmeadow SPECIALTY PACKETTES Phone (049)69 1625 FOR TI 58/59 $87.28 $9.23 MACELEC ELECTRONIC BPIA BATTERY PACK 99 Kenny Street, Wollongong 2500 FOR TI 58/59 $7.28 $8.12 Phone: (042)291455 P.C. Boards for ETI and EA Projects A.C.T. ORTEX PTY LTD 58 Cumberland Court, Wollongong Street, Fyshwick 2609 Phone: (062)82 4995 VIC: STEWART ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS PTY LTD MAIL ORDER CUSTOMERS 44 Stafford Street, Huntingdale 3166 r POSTAGE LOCAL $2.50 Phone (03)543 3733 POSTAGE INTERSTATE $3.00 S.A.: GRAPHIC ELECTRONIC INDUSTRIES PTY LTD 41A Rundle Street, Kent Town, 5067 Phone: (08)42 6655 OPEN: Mon -Fri 8 am to 5.30 pm. W.A.: RESERVE ELECTRONICS 5 Bookham Street, Morley 6062 Thursday night late shopping until Phone: (09)275 2377 8.30 pm. Saturday 8 am to OLD: FRED HOE 8 SONS PTY LTD 11.45 am. 246 Evans Road, Salisbury North 4107 Phone: (07)277 4311

ETI December 1981 - 21 BANKCARD JETS : BANKCARD JETSERVICE-DELIVERY

AT LAST THE FAB ULOUS ETI 5000 STEREO PRE AMP ExpressTessDelivery. ,Brilliantly designed by Australia's top audio engineer David Tilbrook) plto nits Incredibleorder on -- _.1 pm - -,T. _.:_ , ^- Phone ry ice to . Jets $d Y - L gcankca rd deliver next a and we Afternoonr °°n EXCLUSIVE metal film 1% resistors supplied throughout (Est) and suburbs 6 m iLimit EXCLUSIVE lorin low noise high reliaity switches supplied. [ Cities afteáiréctl rates Limit Kit includes absolutely all components and full instructions del try alt esCapitalLowphone Morning ltrOniCS ALTRONICSiMport and includes superb instrument rack cabinet. country calfotal charge GE One low delivery COMPLETE KIT ONLY S245.00 SEE ETI OCT 81 AND day of receipt in Australia - 3.31e9s outa bundle dese at'T anywhere prices sacha , size to GuaranteedGua of order CREDIT CARD CALCULATOR regardless 00 P P charge Extra thin, quality altronics import. Ideal $2 for student. business man and overseas traveller Ior those currency conversions DALO PENS SO- etc - and al our price who needs "Duty Free?" Slips neatly Into the wallet. Great PC art- work aid. DIODE ` VOESA LCD CALCULATOR 1C-5 y s 150 USES 2 STANDARD PENLIGHT SUPER BUYS BATTERIES 'High visibility display 2 $1250 years operation Plus on two 25c batteries IN914 5C 100 up 3C Exc. Batteries Altronics Direct Import NOTE - Oefinetly IN4002 6C 5C the most easy to use calculator I have ever had - Jack M,O. Altronics IN4004 6C O'Donnell 8C 'PRINTING CALCULATOR UNIVERSAL LED DIGITAL IN4007 1OC 8C VOESA 1871 P.D. ONLY This portable ,Or CLOCK WITH ALARM IN 5404 306 25c rnatos powered adding Model ACI12/2'Mains Powered *Attract s190 nachine,and calculator ive Wood Grain Cabinet 'Mini Size 50W x IN5408 40C 32C has inbuilt rechargeable batteries with modern 75D x 50H IDEAL XMAS GIFT silicon Chip technology - for home or business' OEM PRIME HARD TO GET SEMIS AT BARGAIN PRICES SPEC LEDS MINI RELAY UAA 170 53.80 2N6027 PUT 65C MPF105 50c 8F470 $100 2N3055 B5c so $395 7.45 DIRECT IMPORT PRICE 1000's Sold BFI15 LM380 VN88AF VMOS Bux80 75c 51 BU208 420 PCB Mount MPF102 55c CA3I40 5125 MELI2 PHOTO LM317K 2.95 3mm Red 15C 10 up 13c 8-15V Coil HFNHFFET BF469 $100 DARLINGTON 95c LM309K 3.50 5UC LAM3915 LED TA7205 2.95 Green 206 15C Models GI 2 "Fl BAR/DOT DRVR 5350 MPF105 50c LM339 1.75 Yellow 25C 20C S4060 SPDT 5mm Red 10C 8C PEN WATCH S 1.50 INFRA RED LED Green 256 20C Superbly styled S. Steel,fantastic Xmas S4061 OPOT bargain,a real quality ball point pen - uses SAVE 60% Yellow readily available Parker replacement 306 25C Philips COY89A UIM!_KsloNs refill. Inbuilt watch shows day, date and Orange s 14Hx20Wx 120 30C 25C 2.00 seconds. Includes instructions and gift 1-24 25-99 100 up VI SIR Box. RECT Red .25c . 20c Green .306 . 25C INGERSOLL AM/FM $24 75c 65C 55C PORTABLE RADIO ETI 5000 MOSFET AMP MOSFET BARGAINS PRICE CRASH ON NEW OP AMPS 'Audio Power module kit S59.95 11 Used in the AA NICADS channel) Power transformer S37.50 with 5000 ..... copper flux strap 'Electros 8000 MF/75V series1111 ammo ..m. __ $9.50 'Mosfet semi's hitachi 2SK 134. p: eamp I 1 Quality I 2SJ49 S6.00 ea. Matsushita 10 up =Á__ NE5534N manufacture S,s115 1:2v 500mah $ 15 I- Battery or Mains Powered. Revolving NE5534AN 1 95 5185 1 *COMPLETE AMP KIT $289.00 s Telescopic Aerial Incredibly sensitive Includes superb finish front panel/heat- 10-99 100+ receiver - great for camping. the beach sink and every last nut and bold, even and around the house DIMENSIONS 210W s1 15 solder! FULL INSTRUCTIONS INC. s1 343 130H 500 Bitsav RESIN CORE SOLDER RANK -GE CASSETTE RECORDER PC STAKES (PINS) OFF 200g ALTA MODEL A805 'Built in HI Quality SAVE 33% S1.00 RIICAD Condenser Mic for superb recording reel Lab grade microphone and remote on/off Pack 100 CHARGER 'External lavel 1 mm diam BARGAIN Jack 'Earphone Jack & Auxiliary input Jack 'Mains or battery powered (4xAAt $20on0 Guaranteed by Rank -GE ; $395 $350 VALUE PLUS Charges 4 as $750 ALTRONICS nicads VALUE 539:6 Stirling All MAIL ORDERS: 105 St. PERTH PERTH 240V Mains Powered tV. Í599 SliStirling St woo Rush in your order NOW, we mil rush it back for instant service BANKCARD JETSERVICE-DELIVERY NEXT DAY BANKCARD JETSERVICE- ALTRONICS :.. A-LTRÓIVICSrL ALTRONICS ALTRONICS ... -4 i:ICI EDIBLE BARGAIN TDK TDK TDK TDK TDK ARLEC DISCO GHT FAIRCHILD LED DISPLAY BARGAIN OF 1981 -ACOUSTIC DYNAMIC C90 ADCQn *Flashes lights to o FND 500.5IN the beat of Music WERE *Strobes at diffe \ ent speeds. FERRIS STEREO CASSETTE *Dims the lights 95 ea. for dancing, JM8001. Top quality AMAZING LOW moods and affects unit price slashedto y 10 up 30 only - Be Quick clear. 6 Watts perr 6995 channel, fast r/wind, f/fwd, auto eject. $30 LIGHT DEPENDENT RESISTOR CMOS 4011B I- Dark 200K Light 330 OHMS Quad. 2 Input PRO GRADE TINNED WESTON 2.5 WATT, -I Nand Gate 60c ofr HOOK UP WIRE MARINE HANDHELD ¡ 13/.12MM 100M 20C rolls -8 colours, CHANNEL 27.880 low 55C Black/Red/Brown ' fitted Includes /Yellow/Green/ carry case - get Blue/White/ one for the boat TRF RADIO I.C. ZN414 AM/AIR BAND RADIO Orange. today Co) Listen to Jumbo Equiv. to 10 Jet Pilots AM BAND + or 8 rolls for Transistor iq $495 $59951 Radio MHZ108-174 $3500 with Just 7 Exter- . nal components per roll (Inc. Battery- 1.5V 3MA) Freg. Range 150 KHZ-3MHZ DIRECT HIGH Z EA AND ETI KITS (Nov. Only) SAVE 40% EARPHONE DIGITAL 0/P DRIVE 50uD`11ALEMIMR *LED AND CAPACITENCE 55991 - LESS THAN 'h PRICE in+, LADDERS EA 80 4 - EE1 METER EA 80 Great fun for the 1 I Measures 1PF- $4000 Kids 200 b' 99.99 MFD aI 950 GREAT $2450 MUSICOLOUR VALUE IV EA 81 Light 3850 Write for free Chaser and 4 circuit diagram LUMEN SOLAR POWER Chan. Musicolour ELECTRONIC KIT *DIGITAL 45996 SWITCHES 25 EXCITING PROJECTS IN ALL *HI CHARGE CAR BATTERY ENGINE *No soldering required 'Safe. Educa- ANALYSER $4500 DIRECT IMPORT PRICES 6AMF CHARGER Arlec Project EA 80 tional. Fun PROJECTS INCLUDE - SOLAR qG! METAL POWERED - 'Transistor Radios (3 D E ;25e Circuits)'NOR/NAND Computer DETECTOR ETI F Circuits I 1 'OR/AND Computer Circuits *Electronic 561 Includes coil cn -°:?s45o0 former) Z20 Buzzer -Amplifier 'Morse Code Commun- .: (less icator Morse Code Oscillator BATTERY POWERED - SUPERB QUALITY WESTON SLIMLINE 2 'Transistor Radio Circuit 'Capacitive GRAPHIC .. Discharge Circuit 'Burglar Alarm EQUALISER/AMPLIFIER B Music Alarm o Incredibly compact G , 'Bird/Cat Sound 22H x 145W x 132D 7 A Mains Push cc (varied by Light' Key 25W/25W Led To- Nutton 250V 3A MOM Action Level Manf.meter ` 51950 Japan Manf. Freq. rY9 10up Response 20HZ - Q $140 sin 30 KHZ. BFO Metal Detector just about the best Xmas present ever for the kids - they s7500 fl Ditto Push on - Push Off really work. Easy to use - fantastic for I- up s,30 $1 50 10 prospecting, at the beach etc. Z:1 51995 DICTATION G Mercury Tilt SW 25 SHEEN CAR FRIDGE O 120V 1 AMP 9 RECORDER (Reverse cycle - Heats or Cools at 7 2 D MIN toggle Every busness- the flick of a switch) 250V 3A SPDT man should have rr_ o 10up955C $100 one Pocket see Just about the greatest -- with quality little accessory for / cc E MIN toggle 250V Japanese `,tic your car this t j,,, / 3A DPDT summer , 1- 10 up 5180 5140 Holds 17 3995// cans ,,., F MIN toggle 250V (over two le 3A DPDT30Centre 5785 Microcasselles $3.50 gallons) 10 up $3500 Fits in minutes s7950 1k cn PUSH BUTTON SWITCHES to any telecom style phone Ideal PCB mount - PACK OF 4 V_ Momentery 2 pole 2851 TRANSFORMER Push -on Positive FERRIS DIRECT . INCREDIBLE AM/FM--- TWIN CONE "click action" Geat IMPORT . 2 for alarm equip. SPEAKER S intercoms, CAR STEREO OFFER! tow.ttsim.. custom $250 .- COmDtet with keyboards etc. 6995 antis. 5185 10 up 5225 Inbuilt Power Amp 7 Watts RMS Includes s P eakers Per J 10 Packs or more Channel. Q ALTRONICS ...-,ALTRONICS ALTRONICS'.:.`"-ALTRONICS ... avidReid

A,N, Electronics __ Yes we are also now better stockist of the than ever. ATARI 400 gNflLl(MflnS PERSONAL COMPUTER SYSTEM AM/FM STEREO CASSETTE *SÍ1-ICa1r .as" ARE YOU WIRED FOR SOUND 1 Playmate stereo cassette ZX81Personal* player with record facility and fast forward & rewind corncuter at justaLOW... S63.95 i~25# TOP QUALITY , . ,r Weston Stereo Head- :..;; phone Receiver wier

Prosonic FM/AM Stereo \n Radio with its own stereo headphones t YOUR COST ONLY $39.95 -- - 4/4 ONLY $699.00 Walk-A-Lon9 Headphone IA4, The 400 is supplied with Radio just $18.95 -Jft= ¡ 8K bytes of RA/v1, and offer ' , a die 44, ta 10K ROM Operating Why dial inapush button *40,m 0 System and an 8K ATARI age with the Push button BASIC Language Cart- phone dialer, fits intocon- ¡ill.. v a ridge. ventional The 400 features 4 indep- telephones: endently programmable Features Complete with mains *. sound synthesizers and a 'FM/Stereo lamp . adaptor, leads built-in speaker. '2 headphone jacks & basic manual Talking about ATARI we 'FM/FM stereo selector New, improved specific- '2 volume controls ation stock And sell a full range 'belt clip Z80 a microprocessor * of Cassettes for the T.V. $69.95 - new faster version of Game Computer System. the famous .131 only $29.95 Z80 Chip, Unique 'one-touch' key Why not replace that old FREE word entry: the ZX81 phone completely with the eliminates a great deal of V-1 PHONE' i GIFT ' tiresome typing. r CHRISTMAS Graph drawing and ....'Z animated display facilities. SPECIAL Coming soon - the ZX 'one piece unit Electronic wrist or Printer 'push button keyboard pen watch for Designed exclusively for 'memory redial purchases over$10 use with the ZX81 (and 'mute button 'Limited to one per cus- ZX80 with 8K BASIC 'tone ringer control tomer purchase ROM), 000. System Priced only $265.00 at an unbelievable Cartridges @ delIT- $39.95 S49.95 "noulicenced yet byTelecom s Sells elsewhere $49.95 RRP $314.00 $59.95 gun Enclose your personal cheque. The latest in kids entertain'- Money Order or Bankcard Numbers DAVID REID as specified below. \H ment,flght the Aliens with: ELECTRONICS Check and till in GALAXIAN 2jThree colour PTY. LTD. Cheque or Money Order Enclosed electronic computer game. SYDNEY: Charge to my Bankcard NO. 127 York Street CARO HOLDERS NUMBER $59.95 Sydney 2000 N.S.W -°----- 496() I I I I I I I i P.O Boa 0103 Sydney 2000 N.S.W. Signature Ready assembled Phone:1021 29 6601 Card Expiry Date ZX81 Sinclair Personal Com- Part No. Description 0uanlrty Price Total puter incl. mains adaptor, leads, Basic manual $250 16K -BYTE RAM Please p ,nt clearly. Dale-Minimum Postage Packing charge 1.00 8ack ' $150 Tel Plus Postage Packing surcharge K -ROM Name Subtotal Printer (to be Address announced) Postcode TOTAL v íáv **fir* *****7k -..0 ti..y .111111F;- `.. -

TRADING HOURS Mail Orders: Mon-Fri 9am-5:30pm ...!?;)5 Saturday 9am-noon I PO Box 185 l0am-2pm MAIL t HARGES pi .` Concord $5-$9.99 $1.00, n 10' owe AG, oNI 10-24.99 2.00 2137 25- 49.99 3.00 115-117 Parramatta Road Concord 2137 50- 99.99 4.00 Ave) 100 or more ,Comér Panamatta Road & Lloyd George All heavy or bulky items (over Telephone: (02) 745 3077 (2 lines) i 220k) sent Comet Road Freight . anywhere in Australia. what else do we carry? HI -PI * KITS * TEST EQUIPMENT * SEMICONDUCTORS * COMPONENTS $8.01 All prices correct and goods in stock at time of going to press. Please phone to check current ovaileblity. l , Ii 4way Vrl mini. DIPJ 11 WAY , Switch ,`i'111' '-I;t Top quality switch ideal H;tl,`IYu for computer a other QÍ apphcalensc paY set & forge( 4R Cat. 6E0709 $2.00 PROTECT YOUR FLUKE METER FOR ONLY your Fluke digital multimeter deserves the protection of this top A top quality instrument like 19" RACK F1' quality, custom made case. Ideal for held service use - keeps your Fluke looking and $18498 working like new. Cat 0E5226 CABINET ' !1 17 Anodized black No not a quality, Piece o¡ ' aluminium. Look at digitalwatchjunk-a this price! HE1477 that OR BUILD YOURSELF THESE

Yu ]mow)s someone Alaan eatures 4000/1 * So Powe hi-fi speakers This is the ultimate &r month The ultimate build -It -yourself * St the Philips range of high quality wdote h with lip performance design by ETI based on tuner drivers. Acoustic suspension design with 4 driven - each operating * 6 month gives distortion, 9eani% only in its optimum frequency range. This minimum maximum fidelity sound - and at a price that's half that of most commercial speakers of this quality. Kit Is sold In two parts: the Look component kit which contains all drivers, crossover components and at wiring; and the cabinet which is supplied fully assembled - all you need to do is mount the drivers and wire it up. our Price 4000/1 Speaker kit Cat. CE2430 $499 4000/1 Cabinet Cat. CE2470 pan $250 nt. rlJi J7 ETI Low ohms meter Accurately measures very low resistances - measures critical cable 1982 resistances and emitter resistors etc EA Traffic Buzzer CATALOGUE with. If you have trouble hearing your NEW DC that a milometer couldn't cope Just come Into our store indicators in open cars, bikes, over ETI158 Nov. Cat. KE1877 - and ghee copy of our 32 $29.S0 loud stereos or if it just isn't loud ºUIGPACK page catalogue is Yours! 4119 EA Sand glass the answer. Easy to 240VAC- 1111 - here's II you can't get in, just 15511111 .1I The solid state egg timer to end all!enoughbuild and install 6,9,12V/300mA Intriguing 'hourglass' design has the Cat ME772I send us 754 for pack and 14 1Ira See EA Nov. Cat. KE0193 one 2441 character of the traditional timer - post and we'll have 1gá $9.78 on Its way to you. with the accuracy of electronics. $z3 See EA Nov. Cat KE1027 50 $7 50 óc'1 e 4,40.1¡rr Thefiretn r 31 wkitú FIND A FORTUNE OVER THE -. brand encY ThisedmaPr Making ne onag6umom HOLIDAYS! ETI1500 it extra al style Pa (see Dec 81 1105), king if* es ctive enclosure * 7 up toy o and , METAL DETECTOR MHz (optionally800MHr) kit metal only ) VariableitPend One of our most popular kits. The only Nao * Period detector that can compete with the expensive 1 ol - measured gating times commercial units - and at about half the price! raC éog'óoVII * Leading as shown And the zer suppression Cat. KE1460 Complete kit $199 logic Agencies SeTticopdg y°udneVu r EoedrCaaQkS buy i ú absol wit aecompletebnt r Electronics ttº- E18100specified Australia. aren't wandspO4d kit ASCII keyboard c ER EA's new solid state wind speed measurement kit only only. $41.98 CaONLtY $119 II you reed to know the kit to convert 60 keys individswitched contacts. to 500Mli1 wind speed.you need 6K 525.00 ore these! Cat KE1630 Cat KE6605 Ó d .80 I Complete kit as per article Plugs Philips into cm WfOOrneaker er. cone, Here's the super economy * rubber P &tsR s yet computer you've all been waiting ant for! Complete kit including PCB, all ICs and included) * Magnet moss 850g 22FIz A components (pre-programmed 2716 ROM er and IC sockets Cat KE6600 59900 # Sound ngcapacity Model nbcersAD12 Cat KE6601 Keypad to suit includes 18 keys and Scotched 11Cjt ruar merry labels for keys $3210 rn Cat KE6602 Colour option $13.50 Cat CE2126 62.60 Xmas Cat KEES03 Video RF modulator # eluding die-cast box $1450 NewModel C380g G Cat ME7712 Plugpack to suit 8VAC/1A $1l95 60- 3 .EVIL s From uous Cat HE9660 Double sided glass PCB $2.3.50 voice war ohm voice :1":4' SERIF Pushbutton keys only $1.90 ymW co mcoe4netó coil: I : Cot 1 Bill L716(3() option. converts to 3K RAM rangerequency ' Extra RAM 40.50ÓH=5. agnt erg co 16 ohm 4 x 2114 normally $19.80 special price $17.00 Cat 7E6114 Frequency ht 567.54 once; CE237:eme ron 35mm 504V rim_ $109 StaffIt ge -4CbOH voice coil; x 3Q7`^m Power, $ ce237o 49 9$ ro, f4:00 3+ "' .dMr,. ' These two slot car controllers will put more zap in their zip Jonathan Scott

A spare $15 and an idle Saturday afternoon led Jonathan and a few `assistants' into the labyrinthine maze of the world of slot cars. Your basic slot car set is so basic that Jonathan thought the application of a few engineering and physics degrees, computers, com- ponents, electricity and trials would help. These two projects are the result!

WELL, let's not beat about the bush. We also present several suggested Slot cars are fun. The genesis of this layouts, and suitable constructs and Slot cars and tracks project was the purchase of a cheap set axioms for the optimisation of your own -a dissertation and the realisation that there was much layouts. In practice, the basic rheostat in series room for improvement in the whole with is In the course of this research use has the track (car) not at all a bad thing, especially the `electronics'. Since been made of calculators, programmable compromise. For a given control setting then, we have built several controllers, calculators, desktop computers, plotters, the car accelerates fairly rapidly towards purchased an alarming length of track, a final engineering degrees, physics degrees, speed. This is because torque is bought and modified too many control- proportional to computer science degrees, a mound of current (in the perma- lers and cars, and generally had a load of nent magnet used) components a lot of paper and a motors and current is fun! Here are the fruits of the labours, hell of a lot of electricity so be warned a maximum when the car is standing both in the form of electronic projects - that one can get pretty involved. still; as the engine RPM increase so does and in some discussion of what you can Closet racers, prepare for exposure! the back emf, or rather the internal emf do to get the best performance from even of the engine, which represents the a If you are not sure cheap set of slot cars. that you are a mechanical power output in the math- fanatic, the is Shortly after the infection set in, the ETI-824 probably what ematical model of the engine. As this you require. author's household was to be found in a It is relatively simple to rises, the voltage drop across the control huddle construct, cheap, and easy with a couple of computer to get going. resistance decreases, and so does the is programmers, another engineer and a It basically a replacement for what- current, the torque and the acceleration. ever you are using power couple of PR people. A list was made of to your set now. (Figure 1.) This gives a very car -like It offers all the things that anybody could operation from ac or dc, car performance for a minimum of parts. possibly want out of a given car set, and battery, model train transformer, door- all the things that could possibly be bell transformer or a range of typical I desired in a controller. Argument en- project transformers or power supplies. sued. The fearless editor of this maga- It gives independent protected supplies zine would argue for cost effectiveness;" for each lane, adjustable for most car set another for a no -holds -barred approach. types available. Thursday nights were set aside for the If you're after something really excit- various parties to meet and report ... ing, then the ETI-825 is it. This is not a After preliminary models of controller project for beginners. It gives indepen- had been made and thoroughly evalu- dent, protected supplies for each lane. It L was SUPPLY - TYPICALLY ENGINE ated, it conceded that all the aims can operate in voltage and current BATTERIES OR could not be realised in TRANSFORMER/RECTIFIER the one type of modes. It has powered braking, con- THE VOLTAGE SOURCE IN THE ENGINE IS THE REPRESENTATION OF POWER LEAVING controller. Hence, two lines were fol- trolled overshoot and fuel tank simu- THE SYSTEM THE ENGINE S MECHANICAL OUTPUT) lowed and we have the ETI-824 Slot Car lation. It has fault and fold warnings, Figure 1. Circuit model, slot car set. Power Supply and the ETI-825 Slot Car does not load the hand controllers, and The final speed is fixed by the minimum Controller. We also have a lot of tips for can handle a wide range of maximum dc path resistance, the available supply optimising your set itself, and we trust torques on sets of 4.5 to 12 volt rating. If voltage and the amount of friction and that these are sufficient to turn a couple you are really enthusiastic or you have other losses in the car. Overall perform- or three $15 sets into a first-class slot car just blown $100 to $300 on a Scalextric ance includes cornering ability, which is racing set-up. set, this is the one for you. affected by the car weighting and wheel 26 - December 1981 ETI E. CAR BOOT CAR BODY

DOWN AND COMBED OUR PREFERRED ARRANGEMENT DOWN ANO STRAIGHT Y \, / CAR BODY

NOT COMBED SPREAD OUT (HAS THE ADVANTAGE OF SMALL CONTACT AREAI

Figure 2. Arrangements for the contact brushes. 04a not regulated, one car can interact with 411 the other; the extreme of this is seen when one car suddenly `shutting down' causes such a surge that the other spins FUN! off the track. (It can happen!) FUN! One further factor is worth discussing, FUN! with respect to the car: weighting. This type and condition. Attention to these Now let's look at the brushes. These is an area where you are going to have to factors will effectively 'tune' the car. are, in our experience, the most vulner- experiment for yourselves. Most cars If you think you have a car set with able point in the car. Brush friction have spaces inside the plastic shells. one car better than the other, the usually accounts for 90% of car perform- Nuts or other pieces of metal can be chances are that checking the above ance problems. The brushes should be secured in these spaces with a little things will reveal a silly fault in one car, clean and dust free. There will be some Blutac, or similar poster adhesive, to and you will end up, after some tinker- unravelling of the braid. This is good. -add weight. Weight will reduce the ing, with two improved cars. Let us go The ends of the brushes seem to benefit acceleration for a given power, but it will through a typical tuning up of a small from a bit of 'combing'. This can be done increase wheel adhesion on the road. It car, such as those in the $14-$15 sets. We with a small jeweller's screwdriver, a will also change the handling, possibly will start at the car and end up at the scriber or scalpel. About three to five making spinouts more likely, and controller. millimetres of combed braid is nice. reduce the period of time required Firstly, the wheels. It is important to Finally, the shape of the brushes is between brush realignments. In our check that these do not have some important. There are several ways to experience, a couple of 2 BA or similar wobble or severe out -of-roundness. The bend the brush, and you should exper- nuts in a small car, near the middle and tyres should be slightly rough, so that iment to see which is better. We used the low down, are quite beneficial if you have they grip, and fairly flat at the point of down -and -then -straight pattern. (See adequate power, as with our controllers. contact with the track, so that they do Figure 2.) resist- not bounce at all when the wheel rotates Next, the minimum rheostat The 824 supply quickly. See that the tyre is fitted ance is important. Some controllers have straight, if you have removable tyres, such resistive leads that the series As we have said, all that is necessary to and that the wheels are squarely resistance never gets below an ohm or achieve quite adequate performance is a mounted on the axles. two. If you have a protected voltage voltage supply for each car. It needs to Next it is worth opening the car up. source this is a disadvantage. be the right voltage, and each car should Check that the axles and cogs are free of Finally, the supply potential is criti- not interact via the supply with the is dust and carpet fluff. A very small touch cal. If it is too high, the control becomes others. The ETI-824 is this. It of light machine oil on bearings and cogs too critical and it is too hard to get just versatile in that it will operate from is a good idea, though not entirely the right amount of power. It cannot be whatever source of voltage you have necessary. DON'T oil the tyres or any too low, of course, as you would not get available; it simply needs to deliver at exposed bit of the car. See that the cogs anywhere near enough power to realise least three volts more than the cars need mesh neatly and fairly silently. On an the maximum speed of which the car is (average) and to be able to supply the expensive car, such as Scalextric, these capable without crashing - which takes maximum current, typically If2 to 1 amp things should he in order already. out all the skill. As well, if the supply is per car.

4 SLOT CAR POWER SUPPLY

RIM J

AR 1 CAR 2 SUPPLY

Plain and simple, the ETI-824 slot car supply. Example of how to weight a car with two nuts stuck under the body. ETI December 1981 - 27 PTCASCU 82(5/825 DC VOLTS INPUT V+

R3 8208 ZENER CONTROLLER CONTROLLER 2 ZD1 795 8 7 -^ 4 v+ 6 I Vn 0 10 RV1 AC DI D4 VOLTS° RV1a INPUT J EM401, etc. R1 1 ., 4708 11 A. 100 V 3 ICI I I 723 1C1a SUPPLY INV GRN V- COMP LED1 9 R2 R2a 390R Cl C/a In 0V

HOW IT WORKS - ETI 824 This is basically a crude series voltage regu- round as polarity doesn't matter ánd no pos- with the óperatlon of the other, especially in latór, based on the.723 variable regulator IC, sible damage can be occasioned by the event of a short circuit due to a crash or a that supplies power to the rheostat In the accidental reverse polarity connection. fault, etc. Two regulator sections may be run hand controller. The rheostat is in series with To Indicate that a supply of sufficient volt- from oné rectifier section. the motor in the car, via the track con- age is connected to the circuit, ZD1, R1 and The 723, IC1, controls the base current of nections. The voltage supplied to the con- LED1 make a simple indicator. When the co so as to deliver the required voltage to the troller .and car can be preset anywhere supply voltage between the V+ and 0 V rails hand controller, except when the external between about 3 V ánd about 12 V.. is high enough to overcome the zener voltage circuit (controller and car motor, via the ,The circuit is designed to be powered from plus the voltage drop across LED1 and R1 at track) attempts to draw current above about a variety of sources bell transformer, car - a current of a few milliamps, LED1 will light. 1.2 A. In this case, the 723 reduces the volt- battery, piugpack, model train transformer or You need to produce a minimum of about age supplied to the external circuit to prevent conventional 240 Vac to 15 V/1-2 A transfor- 10 V between the V+ and 0 V rails. Note that possible damage. mer whatever Is available. If the source is - while this is sufficient for the IC regulator The output voltage is set by RV1. By adjust- ac, such as that direct from á transformer circuit to operate, it may not be enough for ing this preset control, the voltage delivered secondary, the diode bridge rectifier formed some slot car sets. For those that require 12 to the controller and external circuit may be by D1 -D4 rectifies this, supplying' unfiltered Vdc, at least 14 V between the V+ and 0 V varied anywhere between about 3 V and dc to the circuit. These four diodes may be be rails will required. An ac input of up to 24 aboút 12 V maximum. This should be ad- deleted if the unit is run from a do supply, or Vac (RMS) may be used. justed to suit the particular slot car set you they may be left In, provided the dc supply Following, the rectifier and indicator sec- are using by setting its position so as to you use exceeds the voltage required by the tions of the circuit is the regulator, which deliver a suitable amount of acceleration to car by about four volts. Leaving D1 -D4 in consists of IC1, 01 and associated com- the car when the hand controller Is set full on. place has the advantage that the device can ponents. Each lane In the slot car set should LED2 Indicates that voltage Is reaching the be run off ac at any time, and when running it be supplied with a separate regulator circuit track. This is useful to check correct opera- off a dc supply It can be connected either way to ensure that one lane does not interfere tion and for detecting shorts on the track. The 825 controller The controller also informs you if it is a corner, and accelerate out of the For superior performance, the controller folding, such as when the track is short- corner, the car's pin in the slot all the can have several `extras'. This is the circuited. In the current mode, it warns time, which is not a mean feat! ETI-825. Firstly, gives you this fuel tank of open circuit as well. It does not, in Having set forth the pros and we simulation. cons, This means that the control addition, load the hand controller rheo- will proceed into the construction of the box has a meter which represents fuel in stats,. as they do not carry the car two projects, and you may choose the the car. A button `refuels' the car, current. (In some sets the controller one you feel is appropriate. provided it is stationary. When it has handsets get very warm.) It comes with petrol, you can go again. As the petrol is an internal power supply as well. Both used up the car gets more acceleration, controllers are, óf course, short-circuit Construction ETI-824 corresponding to the reduction in protected. Construction of the ETI-824 is relatively weight. The degree of the effect is The two modes, current and voltage, straightforward. You will require one pc presettable by a resistor (R107 -R207 for each offer their own advantages. Current board for each lane, though some the second car). It is rather exaggerated mode gives torque proportional to con- Components will not be required on all with the value given, but is this more trol depression, as torque is proportional but the first board. If you have only two fun. Of course, if you run out of fuel, the to current. It has slower take -off and lanes, as is likely, you can follow our car slows down and finally coughs to a generally sloppier, though perhaps more corstruction stop. diagrams exactly. Further realistic, operation. It is also more lanes will simply demand a Next, larger box the 825 offers controlled over- immune to bad contact in the track and and a repeat of the wiring up the shoot. If the of. first output; fnomentarily ex- brushes, if you are having trouble in that two boards, less ZD1, R1 and LED1. ceeds the level that your hand controller direction. Voltage mode, which we pre- Thé first step is to drill the box. We commands, the car.,: responds more fer, gives a very tight coñtrol, with used a jiffy box, primarily because they `snappily'. This accelerates it a bit snappy response from the car; perhaps are the cheapest form harder of conveniently at first, corresponding to 'drop- less realistic, but more fun. It seems to workable container. If you want ping the it to clutch', and brakes hard when it demand more from the drivers, though look particularly good, or it will have to is slowing down corresponding to hard performance is considerably superior. withstand nasty knocks, a diecast alu- braking. You can even lock up, if you are You can actually get a car to lock up and minium or extruded type too hasty! of box of slide sideways out of a long straight into sufficient size can be used, but is likely to 28 - December 1981 ETI CONTROLLER dCA e o00eO0 NSTO Y

(DC INPUT, +Ory PARTS LIST-ETI-824

Resistors all 1/2W, unless noted) Miscellaneous 470R pc board; jiffy box to suit; terminal MOUNTING R1, R7 ETI-824 HOLES R2 390R block; transformer (if necessary); nuts, bolts, 03 R3 820R wire etc. R4 OR47, 1W NOTE: The supply circuit is duplicated for the pZDt Those components duplicated TRACK R5 2k7 second track. M R6 2k2 are designated O l a, R4a, IC1 a, Cl a etc. RV1 lktrimpot Price estimate LED2 Capacitors We estimate the cost of purchasing all the Cl 1 n greencap components for this project will be in the range: Semlconductors $15-$18 131-04 1N4001, EM401, etc. Note that this is an estimate only and not a may BAND 1 A, 100 V recommended price. A variety of factors quality of -C=3- AC INPUT ZD1 7V5, 1 W zener affect the price of a project, such as - LEDI LED1 TIL220G, green components purchased, type of pc board LED2 TIL220R, red (fibreglass or phenolic base), type of front panel IC1 723 supplied (if used) etc whether bought as DIODES - 01 2N2955 separate components or made up as a kit. a k LEDs or do a add 20-50% to the cost. Anyway, if you 12 volt type - around 15 volts at least. the panel before assembly, have our type of box, the front panel An 18 Vac transformer is ideal in that custom job with model paint after be way doubles as the heatsink. situation. Fit all the components on the assembly, if you should that Drill the 2N2955 mounting holes and boards as shown in the overlay, starting inclined. (Shades of certain panel vans the LED mounting holes first. The only with resistors and finishing with the IC. we have seen! Probably more appropri- other hardware preparation is the holes Take care with the IC orientation. ate if your cars are hotrod types.) are assembled, con- for the pc board mounting and the holes Once the boards Construction ETI-825 for the wires and the terminal block to nect the flying leads as shown in the which they lead. assembly diagram. The current -limiting Construction of this unit is fairly flexible After the drilling is done, assemble the resistors for the track LEDs are and will depend somewhat upon how boards. The first should have all com- mounted behind the LEDs themselves, you plan to house the unit. We built two ponents fitted. It is best to include D1 to as part of the flying leads. We used an prototypes - one very compactly in an D4 even if you have a dc supply, as the ordinary plastic terminal block as these extruded aluminium case from Amtex unit can then not be connected the are cheap and wires will probably not and one in a large plastic case from Vero wrong way around, and can still be used have to be connected and disconnected (distributed by Warburton and Franki). with ac later on if required. Only if the repeatedly, so that more `flashy' ter- It is advisable to use a fairly spacious dc is too low to tolerate the diode drops minals are not justified. housing as this demands less careful is layout and allows easy access for adjust- should Dl to D4 be omitted - í.e : below Once the assembly complete, label 12 volts average. (Omitting the diodes the. panel and connector appropriately. ment or debugging. The only require- will let it run on around 10 volts.) It We used Dymo tape, again in the ment for the case is that if you are using should also be noted that the supply will interests of cost. There is no reason why our pc board the meters must be spaced have to be a bit higher if the car set is a you should not use paint and Letraset on horizontally by the required amount, ash

QUANTUM Reception Light Years Ahead A new breakthrough in Australian television to combat the ever increasing problems of Random Electronic Noise (snow) and muftipath reception (ghosting) in suburban and outer suburban TV reception. R.E.N. reaches your TV receiver from many sources. Two of these are (a) Noise received along with the signal, and (b) Noise generated by the Antenna itself as a result of receiving a signal. In the past this was overcome by choosing an Antenna which would receive more signal, and thereby increase the ratio of signal to noise, unfortunately this increased the chance of picking up unwanted reflected TV signals (ghosting). Quantum approaches the problem from the opposite direction, by reducing the amount of noise picked up and generated by the Antenna the Quantum is able to decrease the possibility of picking up unwanted Ghost signals. 1117 Burwood Highway, Ferntree Gully, Victoria 3156 Telephone (03) 758 9111 Model 1114 Far Suburban 85" Long 821D625 the board mounts on the meter ter- drill the case to suit. The power supply minals. components are mounted off -board for a + (,V2C)á First step in the construction is to drill number of reasons. Firstly, they are 0101 the case and panel. Note that the power bulky and would add seriously to the pc BC179 supply transformer and board BC559. etc rectifier -filter size and the space needed for it, components are not included on the pc and secondly, it means that a set of Ov board and are mounted on the case in a higher current capacity diodes and a zaL convenient position. You will have to higher VA -rating transformer may be R105 47011 position these components so that they used for powering more than two lanes. =f(RED) do not foul any other components, and A PL30/40 VA transformer will power -Vn R106 150R A LED101

MODIFIED / HAND ¡ CONTROLLER C101 +Va 1n R108 0104 R103 1k 100R BD139

0105 2N3055

TRACK (+) 8102 10k LINK o

R101 AO TRACK(-) 1k (LINK A) "2102 (39k) - 3u3 (LINK B) a

R116 OR47, 1 W +Ve

EFU R124 LED102 1 mA 8 10 22k (YELLOW) 1N914, etc. b

11V/1W R710 R111 C104 10 10 474 120k 12k P121 TANT. OR 1k SOLID TANT. = BC109 R119 D101 2k7 1N914. EM401, etc. IN +VP 7 RR11A1v3 44v7kkI IF D102 0103 1N914, etc. 1 BC107

R114 27k

R117 100R RV102 10k 8118 390R -Ve

ONE OF TWO IDENTICAL CIRCUITS - SECOND ONE LABELLED R201. etc.

'ITEMS ASTERISKED MAY REQUIRE ALTERATION OF VALUE TO SUIT YOUR PARTICULAR REQUIREMENTS- SEE TEXT.

T1 135 PL30 lanes, a (40 D1 EM401 etc. 7812 two PL30/60 VA will power up VA OR 60 VA) OUT +Vp to four lanes. We found it convenient mount C3 + C4 to the 4704, 10u. 16 V mains supply terminating block, cable +Ve 25 V TANT. SW1 clamp (or clamp -grommet), output ter- minals and presettable pots 0V (RV101, RV201) on the rear panel of our box. We used ordinary potentiometers for RV101 and RV201, rather than preset types, cut the shafts short and cut a slot in the + CI end 2500u, of the shafts. To avoid fouling other 25 V 0V components, mount the pots so that they ' C2 2500u. RI 270R are below the height of the transformer. 25 V Next, prepare the front panel. Nat- ZD1 C5 urally, drill it first. Locate the meter 12V 10u, 1W +16V holes carefully as the pc board deter- -YN mines their spacing (144 mm centre -to - 0V 30 - December 1981 ETI CM ©Sr oonVolore HOW IT WORKS - ETI-825 The unit comprises a power supply, a control wiper on the hand controller resistance. biasing it. Thus, 0101 is held on while this section (involving IC101), a driver circuit In either mode, RV101 - which is in series current flows. The collector current of Q101 (involving 0104, 5 and 6 and associated with the negative feedback path - in con- flows via LED101 (the hand controller and components), an overload protection and junction with R101, sets the maximum voltage associated resistors). LED101 lights, indi- warning circuit (0102, 3 etc), an 'electronic or current delivered to the cars motor via the cating you have fuel in the tank. When the fuel fuel tank' (0101 plus IC102 and associated track. Capacitor C102 induces some 'over- 'runs out', pin 6 of IC102 is at 12 volts and no components) and a 'refuel' circuit (0107 etc). shoot' in the feedback which enhances current flows through M1 and thus the base of The circuit has two modes of operation - acceleration and braking according to con- 0101 receives no bias and it turns off. LED101 voltage and current. The mode to be employed troller movement. extinguishes at this stage and no voltage is is selected by means of a link on the pc board. DRIVER delivered to the hand controller. IC101 inter- In the voltage mode, the hand controller sets The driver circuit comprises 0104, 0105 and prets this as if you have the controller set to the voltage delivered to the track (and thus the 0106 plus R125. Its function is merely to the rest or off position and no power is slot car's motor). In the current mode the hand amplify the current delivered from the output supplied to the track. Your car stops... controller sets the current delivered to the of IC101. The 'capacity' of the fuel tank is defined by car's motor via the track. In either mode, a Transistors 0104 and 0105 are connected the values of C104 and R113. The values potentiometer (RV101) sets the maximum as a Darlington pair which provides con- shown give a 'full tank' of about 60 amp - value of the voltage or the current. siderable current gain (the Beta of 0105 is seconds - which corresponds to about 30 POWER SUPPLY multiplied by the Beta of 0104). The output of rapid laps of a 21/2 metre long track in 1/64th Transformer T1 has two 15V (RMS) second- IC101 (pin 6) swings positive during scale. The values of C104 and R113 may be In the aries, connected in . series. There are two acceleration (depressing the hand controller varied to suit your taste, as indicated rectifier circuits - one to provide a positive lever) and 0104-5 amplify the current, the table on page 33. supply rail, the other to provide a negative emitter of Q105 being connected to the track While there is fuel, LED101 is on and its supply rail. The joining of the two secondaries positive terminal. 0106 is reverse biased terminal voltage is about 1.7 volts. This provides a 0 V connection. during this time. During braking, pin 6 of voltage permits about 10 mA to flow through Diodes D1 -D2 and capacitor Cl provide a IC101 can go negative (particularly if you the resistance of the hand controller via R105. nominal +21V supply rail (+Vp) while D1 -D3 'drop' the hand controller lever). This reverses (Recall we have yet to see what its current is). and C2 provide a nominal -21V supply rail the voltage delivered to the track or reverses In addition, R107 permits some current to flow (-VN). From these two rails +12V and -12V the current flow (depending on which mode into the controller- generally between 0 and regulated rails are derived. The +12V rail is you're employing). When this occurs, 0104 5 mA - from pin 6 of IC102. This current achieved by IC1, a three-terminal positive and 0105 are reverse biased and Q106 is increases as fuel is 'used up', corresponding supply regulator (a 7812 or 78L12). This rail is forward biased - and it amplifies the negative to the car getting lighter, and you get more used as a reference for the hand controller and excursions from pin 6 of IC101. acceleration at any particular hand controller metering circuit. Capacitor C4 ensures high The function of R125 Is to protect 0106 setting as you 'use up' fuel. Resistor R107 frequency stability for the three -terminal against momentary current overload. defines how much more acceleration is regulator and acts as a supply rail bypass. The obtained when the car is 'lighter'. PROTECTION -12V rail is derived by a simple zener circuit When the fuel runs out and 0101 turns off, The protection circuit involves 0102, 0103 involving R1 and ZD1. C5 is a supply rail by- the current delivered through R105 to the hand and associated components. If the voltage pass. The negative rail is limited to 12 volts so controller plummets and only the 5 mA flowing output to the track exceeds about 13 volts, that the maximum supply voltage limitation of via R107 is available. This gives a 'soft' end, ZD101 and D104 conduct, forward biasing the the op-amps, which is about 36 volts, is not allowing you to limp to the pits if you aren't base of 0103. When Q103 turns on, it draws - exceeded. too far away on the track. collector current via LED102 and R121. CONTROL SECTION The parallel combination of R108 and the LED102 lights, providing warning of a fault. If This centres on IC101. A certain current (which hand controller should be around 15 ohms. If the output Current exceeds about 1.5 amps the we will discuss in detail a little later) is passed your controller has a high resistance, or you through R116 (which is in series to the through the hand controller resistance. This current want to substitute a 1k wirewound pot, for supply to the track) induces a voltage drop develops about 200 millivolts drop across it. example, R108 should be derived from the across it of about 0.7 volts or so and this Thus, when the hand controller is operated, a following formula: forward biases the base of 0102 via R117 and voltage ranging between 0 and 200 mV is R118. 0102 thus turns on and it draws applied to pin 3 of IC101, the precise voltage 1 collector current via D102, R121 and LED102. = depending on how far the 'driver' has R108 However, the collector voltage of 0102 will be 1 ) depressed the controller lever. Capacitor C103 around a few hundred millivolts and the output (115 Rcontroller smoothes out any variations many hand - of IC101 (pin 6) will be shunted to the 0 V rail via controllers have momentary loss of contact D103 and the collector -emitter junction of between the wiper and the resistance as the REFUEL CIRCUIT 0102. wiper traverses the resistance element. You 'Refuelling' is effected by P8101 and Q107. Thus, you receive a warning of supply the may need to vary the value of C103 according When the car motor is not drawing power, overload and the supply, track etc., is to how coarse the resistance variation output of IC101 (pin 6) is low (less than one protected against overcurrent damage. its base happens to be in your controller. For the volt) and thus 0107, which derives inexpensive controllers - which are really FUEL TANK bias from pin 6 of IC101, is oft. Pressing PB101 quite adequate despite the coarse variation The 'fuel tank' is simulated by IC102 and connects R112 to the +12 V rail via R124 and The output of IC102 they provide- a value of 470n to 1u (electro) is associated components. This op -amp is IC102 will discharge C104. suitable. connected as an integrater. A 'full' tank (pin 6) will drop to 0 V (which is the 'tank full' Now, IC101 attempts to drive its output (pin 6) corresponds to 0 V on the output of IC102 (pin condition). 0101 will turn on again and current the hand controller circuit. in such a fashion as to induce the same 6), an 'empty' tank to about 12 volts. As current will be supplied to on voltage on its inverting input (pin 2) as is on its flows through the load (car motor), and hence When you power the car again, the voltage 0107 will be non -inverting input (pin 3). via R116, a voltage is dropped across R116. pin 6 of IC101 will rise, the base of draw current via In the voltage mode, pin 2 of IC101 is This voltage is integrated by IC102 which has biased on and its collector will the is connected via RV101, C102 and associated an RC network (R113 -C104) in the feedback R124. Thus, If you try to 'top up' while car to components to the positive track terminal so loop. As more load current is drawn, pin 6 of in motion, R112 will be virtually connected of that the position of the wiper on the hand IC102 rises towards 12 volts. the 0 V rail via the collector -emitter junction output control resistance sets the output voltage. In The meter, Ml, indicates the output voltage 0107 and you won't be able to drive the In If you attempt to drive the current mode, pin 2 of IC101 is connected of IC102 and is marked like a fuel guage. While of IC102 low. addition, to the end of the 'current sense' resistor (R116) the fuel tank is full or partially full, the current the car while refuelling, the refuelling action means. so that current is defined by the position of the through M1 flows via the base of 0101, forward will be stopped by the same centre). For panel marking we used rub- tory. In the interests of giving a Spartan, Apply a spray -on lacquer to protect down lettering on one panel (such as vehicular look we put '?' symbols near the panel markings. With this job Letraset, Geotype, etc), put directly on the overload/fold warning LEDs and '!' finished, fit the meters, LEDs, etc. the panel after cleaning it, and symbols near the fuel warning LEDs, Finally, drill the mounting holes for the automotive 'touch-up' paint on the but words are OK if you need the power transistors, which are mounted off other. Both methods proved satisfac- controller to be self-explanatory. the board. These dissipate little heat so

ETI December 1981 - 31 P ToASCR SWE 25 The pc board artwork for each project appears on page 147.

k LED102(YELLOW/ they merely need mechanical support. PB 101 +VP REFUEL The next step is to assemble the LINK components to the pc board. As there are quite a few flying leads, it may pay to use LED101 (RED) pins for the termination of these to the pc board. Pay attention to all the usual TRACK I(+) details - orientation of tantalum and ct Cc cc (FULL ON) electrolytic capacitor, orientation of 1C102 semiconductors, etc. Choose the com- (WIPER) TRACK I (-) RV102 ponents in Table 1 to suit your require- 1 , R117 ments, according to the instructions +Vp e e given with the Table. When all the 0102+b components are soldered in place, fit the TRACK 2 (+) C101 flying leads to the LEDs and LINK pushbuttons which are mounted on the front panel, along with the meters. These can be secured and the pc board bolted to the meter terminals before the leads to the main case are fitted. Be sure that all flying leads are long enough to allow the box to be fitted together and 0202 con- 0203 LED202 dismantled without straining the rr11-- nections. we assembled ble l In the controller in the extruded aluminium case, very (YELLOW/ long wires were required as the panel has - Tc 0207 to be slid into position end -wise because 0205 it rides in a groove of the extrusion. Long leads can be kept neatly `loomed' with

V plastic sleeving a CONTROLLER slipped over bunch 201 , - before one group of ends is terminated. .. _. .207, 0 Assemble the transformer, power supply components and potentiometers 0202 in the case next and wire them up. Take y y -.ZD1 Ir I particular care with the mains wiring. ncs '4f LTJ¢. The rectifier components are supported +R216 j= e l on a tagstrip and we'll leave the wiring

CC CC CC details to you for this one. TRACK 2(-) The final step before testing is to 0 modify the handheld controllers from -1)110-= rheostats to true potentiometers. Open

PB201 up the case of a controller. You will find REFUEL LED201(RED) that it consists of a short coil of resistance wire, wound on some sort TO POWER TRANSFORMER of PRIMARY MAINS INPUT WIRING former, with a wiper contact which CABLE CLAMP moves along the coil according to how GREEN/YELLOW far the thumb or finger control is BAND 1,11 2) -4=D- depressed. When fully released, the wiper rests in a position where it does C BL not touch the coil. There will be two. PLASTIC DIODES ' TERMINAL wires coming from the hand controller LUG POWER STRIP EARTH ON/OFF - one leading to the wiper and one from an end of the resistance wire. It is neccesary to have a contact, PIN -OUTS ,a third e connected to the other end of the coil LEDs b 6 (the end without a connection). Remove Capacitors T1P31 the existing wires (some of these have considerable resistance themselves) and

METAL AREA fit the two new wires, then the third. BD139 bL These run to the controller unit. Make ICs e sure you have plenty of length to play NOTCH OR SPOT with. Now re -assemble the hand control- AT THIS ENO ler, being careful to tie off the wires in + UU+ the same way the original two were + tantalum e secured. b You should now be ready for a test electrolytic BC547 etc run.

32 - December 1981 ETI loft ooT ooMTo00oO

1 .veill ak Iu m ? - 1 , . y. . 1 r Mly , I

ETI 825 slot car controller on a

Inside the ETI-825. The board mounts on the meter terminals and the power Full frontal view of the ETI-825 'control' panel. supply and other components mount in the cabinet base. TABLE 1. Component value variations. Test run Component Nominal Function How to vary it Value Make up a simple circle of track. On C104(C204) IOu Sets fuel tank capacity, Increase its value to increase fuel tank capacity. E.g: 20u gives double along with C 104. capaclry. RANGE: 10 to 47u powering up, the car should work to R113(R213) 47k Sets fuel lank capacity. Increase Its value to Increase fuel tank capacity. along with 0104. RANGE: 10k to 100k some degree. If not, stop and recheck. R1101R111) 120k In Calibrates MI for lull scale de- Reduce R110 to increase reading. Choose R 110/R 111 to give value Once it works it is necessary to adjust parallel with flection at Tull lank' slams: allows according to 11.4/I,,. This should riot need much adjustment it a 12k. other meter Isd values to be used. 1 mA meter is used the presets and so forth. RV102/202 R107 2k7 Sets the variation of engine power Reducing R107 gives a greater gain In power as the fuel' runs out. remaining fraction of fuel. RANGE: 2k2 to 22k. should be adjusted to minimise 'fuel R108 100R Sets the effective controller resist- Choose R 108 such that R108 in parallel with the controller resistance tank' circuit drift in the absence of ance to about 15 Ohms. gives a combined resistance of 15 ohms. power being delivered. (These are the PARTS LIST-ETI-825 integrator offset adjustments.) At this stage it is probably worth assembling the Resistors all 1/2W, 5% unless noted 0101 BC 179, BC559 etc a workout. You R1 270R 0102,103 BC107,BC547etc unit and giving it serious R101 1k (link A), 39k (link B) 0104 BD139 may find that you want to increase the R102 10k 0105 2N3055 fuel tank capacity (C104), change from R103,120,121 1k 0106 TIP32 one mode to the other (links A and B) or R104 82k 0107 BC109,BC549 R105 470R IC1 78L12 or 7812 that the control is rough or jittery. If this R106 150R IC101 LM301 latter is the case, then your controller is R107 2k7' IC102 CA3140 probably one with relatively few turns of R108 100R' resistance wire. This is causing sharp R109,124 22k Miscellaneous (or 60 VA), electronics R110 120k' T1 PL30/40 VA changes in level, to which the (2 x 15 V, 1A) R111 12k Ferguson respond with excessive overshoot. The SW1 SPST, 240 Vac rated R112 270k is increase C103/203 to, say, 1 pF. toggle switch cure to R113 47k' is prevalent with the M101 1 mA meter, MU -45 or This especially R114 27k you have R115 100k similar cheap, 6 V operated sets. After R116 0R47,1W PB101 momentary action had a while in the seat, remove the front R117 100R pushbutton panel and alter the appropriate com- ETI-825 pc board; case to suit; tagstrips; R118 390R ponents (marked with an asterisk) in R119 2k7 terminal block; mains cord and plug; clamp nuts, bolts, To R122 3k9 grommet; Scotchcal meter scales; order to produce the effects desired. R123 3k3 wire etc. figure out what these are, consult Table R125 10R,2W 1. is duplicated for RV101 100k lin. pot. NOTE: The Controller circuit the second track and those parts marked R101, A note should be included on the RV102 10k 0101, C101, IC101 etc are duplicated, correct adjustment of the maximum Capacitors designated R201, D201, C201, IC201 etc for the torque presets, RV101/201. This is much Cl 2500u/25 V electro. second controller. a preference. They should be C2 2500u/25 V electro. matter of C3 470u/25 V electro. Components marked with an asterisk may C4, C5 10u/16 V tant. require alteration to sud your particular C101 1n greencap requirement (see text). C102 3u3/10 V tant. C103 100n greencap C104 10-47u/16Vtant. Price estimate - preferably solid tant. We estimate the cost of purchasing all the com- ponents for this project will be in the range; Semiconductors 01-04 1 N 5404,1 N5624 etc $60-$70 (3A,100V) Note that this is an estimate only and not a recommended price. A variety of factors may D5,D101,D103 1 N4001,EM401, I (1A,t00V) affect the price of a project, such as - quality of D102,0104 1N914,1N4148 components purchased, type of pc board (fibre- phenolic base), type of front panel ZD1 12 V, 1 W zener glass or LED101 TIL220R, red supplied (if used), etc - whether bought as 7 separate components or made up as a kit. LED102 TIL220Y, yellow Modified hand controller with connection to both ends of resistance wire. ETI December 1981 - 33 Pro»©2 821D825 adjusted so that the car does not get is quite challenging to sort out a fair and the outside lane is longer, and thus you ridiculous amounts of power just prior to rational track using all the bits. And might expect it to take longer to running out of fuel, but so that the car besides, who rushes out and gets that negotiate. If there are fences it may be can just be crashed on full power with a quarter straight every time he devises a faster, as the car can bounce off them full tank. It is probably also a good idea nice -looking layout that doesn't quite and thus use them to allow greater speed to set the two channels alike with a meet up squarely? without accident. multimeter to ensure fairness. (Be sure Method Experiment will determine how each to have equal amounts of fuel when If you are not seriously interested in construct favours lanes. In our experi- doing this adjustment!) layout analysis and design, you may skip ence, a zig-zag favours the lane first on The track this paragraph; it deals with our math- the outside, especially with fencing. ematical method of thigking out a track Once you have an idea of each construct When it comes to track, there are three set-up. First, let us define some terms. A and how it favours lanes, you can factors worth mentioning which may 'construct' is any group of sections. assemble them into a fair layout. Even influence your choice if you have yet to track It does not necessarily meet up to form though a completely flat layout will purchase it, before we discuss actual a closed loop, but is usually a familiar inevitably have one longer on layout. These factors are: range of pieces lane shape which can be found in common the outside, it can be made fair by available, flexibility and width. If you layouts. A rational is judicious addition of constructs to are going to buy the cheap sets, and let's construct one which replaces a basic subsection of an favour the worse lane such as zig-zags face it, that is the most cost -economical - oval of track either a right angle, a at the ends of long straights. approach, you will have to accept that - single straight section, or a combination It is desirable to avoid bridges, be- the track comes in fixed quantities, these and geometrically, cause they are easier to in probably multiples of what it takes of - thus, disrupt introduces an integral multiple (or in moments of excitement as well as harder to make up one loop or a small figure-8. some sets of track, a simple rational to achieve with rigid track. It is also a However, it is so cheap that you can get fraction) radius pain to quickly recover a twelve 45° curves and four straights, not of the basic of curva- crashed car to mention two cars and controllers, and ture into each axis. from the underpass. Flat layouts can be fences, etc, for under $15 in some places fair, with some thought and understand- in Sydney (e.g.: Paddy's markets, etc). ing of the constructs used. For $30, plus one of our controllers, you Finally, let us mention cleaning. Un- can get a really good set-up, and for $45 Figure 3. less rust is rife, abrasive things such as you get a really fantastic set. There is no To explain this, consider Figure 3. The emery paper should be avoided. Cloth denying that an expensive brand is right angle turn introduces a one -unit soaked with methylated spirit is best for better in that you can buy three radii of displacement down and one unit along. removing crud. After cleaning, light curvature (for funny bends or up to six The U -bend introduces a two -unit shift application of machine oil or Vaseline lanes) and several lengths of straight, down and no shift along. The S -bend (the latter collects more hair but is but at $150 or so for a basic figure -eight introduces three down, and two along. better for storage) will reduce crudding set, it is not a purchase to be taken These are all rational constructs in the and prevent corrosion. The plating on lightly. Such sets also have the advan- system of track here - that is, one where the tracks is sufficient protection until it tage that they have flexible track which straights are exactly one radius of fails, so just wiping should be enough. can thus be banked on the curves, but curvature long, as is common. The Occasionally, the small metal flanges they are on a larger scale and take up constructs in Figure 4 are all equivalent which make contact from track to track more room. The cheap stuff is usually to a right angle, and are thus rational. should be bent slightly to improve about 102 mm (4") wide, but if you are friction and contact. lucky you can get it a bit wider, like 110 mm. This is a bit better, as the cars are less likely to interfere with each other on bends, and less likely to foul badly on fences. ® In designing a layout, the main 41q problem is not to find a shape which is particularly interesting, but one which is Py fair, or equal, for both lanes, as well as (1% 'rational'. By rational we mean that the pieces of track fit together into a loop Figure 4. naturally and require no forcing. A layout which has to be pushed out a bit to meet up is not only unaesthetic to the _ perfectionist mind, but tends to rapidly Figure 6. separate in various places with a bit of Iz i If you are really getting into it, you can use. If you are using the track pieces Figure 5. devise a catalogue of constructs. We which come in the cheaper sets you are The zig-zag in Figure 5 is irrational, as developed a computer program for probably constrained to turn increments it has displacements of V2 and 2- \/2 checking rationality and a layout plot- of 45°, and straight sections each equal respectively, but the construct next to it ting routine; we tender a couple of to the centre radius of curvature of the is rational, as the zig-zags clearly cancel optimal layouts (Figure 6) which use all curved sections. If, in addition, you want out. the track from two cheap figure -eight to use all or almost all of the track A layout is said to be rational if it fits sets. The analysis and synthesis of track available, (and who doesn't?), you are together exactly. For this to happen, layouts becomes more complex when probably constrained to some fixed ratio there must be no uncancelled irrational you have different and more varied of curves -to -straights. Even if you are constructs. Some constructs favour one pieces available - our examples are of lucky enough to have a range of bits, it lane. For instance, in a plain 180° bend, the elementary type, as in cheaper sets.

34 - December 1981 ETI I - ROD- IRVING ELECTRONICS 425 HIGH STREET, NORTHCOTE 3070. MELBOURNE. PH (03) 4898131 THIS MONTHS KITS ETI-824 SLOT CAR ETI-825 SLOT CAR ETI-159 10-15 V METER SUPPLY CONTROLLER The simple, . < inexpensive - .elle.. solution er:km' P.O.A. 41,3111N ~I ..r -..- w

Í The all -singing, all -dancing Expanded scale meter for 12 V - ' controller featuring electronic battery systems, power sup- , fuel tank, protection, etc, etc. plies, etc. 01 $99 P.O.A. P.O.A. Computer!

EA DIGITAL ETI 256 . ETI330 STORAGE CRO ,KIT HUMIDITY METER CAR s w ALARM . . e..- ....-Í $19.50 $32.00 moo_

Eli 329 - , ti ETI 458 ETI 572 Expanded eii ' uY Digital 21131:111:11 ._7b1 LED LEVEL r( Scale Vehicle j METER PH Meter Ammeter ..3 Plugs into any TV! ETI 660 $17.00. $27.50 $97..50 No one would have beikved it a tew years ago Features Include cobs capability. operates kw ETI 258 optional 9V plugpack 1K memory eopan:Sable to 3K ETI 567 Core -Balance UNIVERSAL on-boarct single board construction, cassette MINI DRILL CONTROL interlace. audio output (play tunes). smile to Relay RELAY BOAR program (uses Cltp8). Expansion prolects coming up wY+ay smile* ASCII keyboard. light pen games software L ett (So we are told) ETI257 Starter Kit. (1K RAM, BEM odeo) 599.00 9V, 200mA plugback to suit $6.50

RRAM EXPANeoSIfON (add to PCB) Sí6000 As with al new kits please phone first to check $42.00 $12.50 _Sia is We eeoect the kit to be in stock some time in Oct 1981 11~1111k ETI 475 AM Tuner ETI 476 ETI 568 Light & Sound s100 lash Kit Prom Series 3000 Board - r ETI 682 .,.n KITS $115.00 - 25.00 PCB $69.00 Case slightly different $89.00 $84,00 ANALOGUE & from, one shown. DIGITAL STORAn Series 5000 Mosfet $275.00 KITS CRO KIT Playmasler Graphic Analyser kit. . 599 50 Series 5000 Preamp $235.00 EA 79SF9 Sound Flash Trigger 51500 ETI 5658 Ultra Sonic AK 51595 ETI 585T Ultra Sonic TX 58 95 $169 ETI 576 Elecuomyogram kit . 589 DO ETI 147 Oct 80 Electronic Load kit pans 575 00 ETI 327 Turn Hazard Unit kit pans 522 on eww Air ma EA Car Battery Voltage Monitor Oct EA kit parts 56 50 ` S-. LA Bipolar Tram Controller Noy 80 riot parts 526 00 / ETI 477 Series 5000 Mosfet Power Amp EA Digital Storage CRO Adapto' Noy 80 kit pa" 57800 EA Light Beam Relay Noy 80 kit of parts 51300 All parts individually EA RS2a2 Pratte, Interface Nov BO fit parts 51500 available EA Digital Engine Analyser Oct 80/BOTMSa 10 $58.00 Kit parts inc. front panel 049.50 COME IN AND HEAR THE SOUND +- .nkoard Mail Orders w./oo en. ETI 729 ET11501 . Please debit my Bankcard UHF TV Negative Ion Bankcard No Masthead Generator Expiry Date $39.00 Name $34.00 Signature . ETI 2/11/81

TO ORDER: Heavy items sent Comet Freight on. Mail Order phone 481-1436. Wholesale Customers phone: RITRONICS, WHOLESALE 489-7.099. Mail Orders to P.O. 235 Northcote 3010. Minimum P&P V. Add extra for heavy items, registration and certified mail. Price& spec. subjeét to change without notice. A Specials rernJAYCAR!! A VERY MERRY CHRISTMAS TO ALL READERS AND CUSTOMERS FROM JAYCAR AT LAST! SILICON GREASE 10,000uF 40V BURGLAR ALARM AN ECONOMICAL REALISTICALLY ELECTROS PRESSURE MATS MAINS FILTER!! PRICED Single ended, suitable for TWO SIZES 250V AC @ 3A Up until now you have had to computer power supplies, amplifiers or general power Two sizes: small 530x180mm buy a lifetime quantity of silicon ideal for staircase use @ loss: supplies. 250V AC 3A. Insertion grease in an expensive medical large 780x550mm 20dB 0.8 - 30MHz. Compact and economical line -to-line syringe package. Now you can Ideal for general use Line -to-ground 30dB 0.7 -'.x+ buy all that you are ever likely to QUALITY ELNA BRAND Ideal for computers, amps etc. need for HALF commonly 3 charged!

5 SAVE ,§0 S/L /CC/V 50% GREASE 2 4 disposable tube! GREAT LARGE only 1.25 6.75 VALUE $14.95 .Q DOORBUSTER LARGE BINDING' VERY LARGE STEREO SPECIAL POST SELLOUT *PANEL METERS HEADPHONES 16 PIN IC Heavy duty Binding Posts sacri- ficed BELOW COST! What's the -SPECIAL- LESS THAN 1/2 SOCKET snag? WE ONLY HAVE RED MASSIVE FACEI! PRICE!! ONES!!! 120x110mm 16 pin I.C. sockets - quality (4% x 4%") Why "CAMBION" BRAND NORMALLY 0.95c each l Units feature blank face suitable not shout yourself a High FOR DECEMBER ONLY 2 Quality Headphone for Chrissie? NORMALLY 0.40c EACH ea for any scale markings. 50mV 20-20,000Hz ONLY FSD. We only have a few of these DECEMBER SPECIAL THERMALLOY 8 ohms * High Quality moving coil move 94dB sensitivity ments SO HURRY!!! ea HEATSINKS Separate level SAVE only 250 Compact, high quality heatsinks controls, $10 ll l normally for TO-220 devices. 2.4m cord and very 40c Horizontal PCB mount type 50c lightweight LY SUPERB normally Vertical clip type UNITS over357,, off!! 45c 59.50 only 9.95 $19.95 SENNHEISER STEREO HEADPHONES NEUTRIK - XL Type We stock the headphone that is now in use on the TAA A-300 Airbus (first Connectors (pronounced class). Why not take advantage of the low price of this unit now and upgrade to NOY-TR IK) We now stock these fine Swiss Senneiser quality?I'ty. made connectors as well as HD 40-13 ONLY Cannons.... We also stock the 'classic' Senn- FEATURES: 'Special Polyacetal heiser HD -414-13 unit. This is the You thought they would cable clamp and Nylon strain Hi Fi industry standard unit relief bushing. 'More than 10,000 be dear insertions/withdrawals without ONLY $69.009 didn't youll nificant wear. Solid die-cast body. Glass reinforced contact YOU insert material will withstand high HAVE SEEN OUR solder temperatures. *Positive AT LAST $49.95 spring steel retention back. 'Shell * *. Connected to grounding lug. AUTO 3 pin line socket plain finish programmable master silver contacts $4.95 RANGING 3 pin line plug plain finish DMM?? silver contacts $3.95 rhythm 3 pin line socket black finish .* IT'S A gold contacts $6.65 PRICE Of 3 pin line plug black finish I "` - generator gold contacts $5.25 BREAK t/a" (6.5mm) phone plug pro- FULLY IMPORTED quality. Neutrik clamp $4.50 THROUGH This project was originally described in the UK publication oM VIDEO CONNECTORS "Practical Electronics". We have fully imported "Clef" kit 20 arñp shunt 7 pin DIN line plugs and sockets This attractive kit is presented in an attractive metal cabinet with $7.50 LINE PLUG ONLY 90c silkscreened front panel. LINE SOCKET ONLY 98c The Master Rhythm can be programmed (in RAM) to play back: - 24 Rhythm patterns . 8 parallel tracks 12 instruments It is also capable of sequence operation - the ULTIMATE UNIT NOTEI NEW SHOP HOURS Mon - Sat 9am - 5.30pm SEND SAE FOR ' Sun 10am - 2p.n complete DESCRIPTIVE LEAFLET Open Thursday night Mycar until 8pm, LUE11 LOW POWER 380 Sussex St Sydney 2000 BATTERY Ph. 2646688 Telex 72293 $199 DRIVEN Mail Orders To: Box K-39 Haymarket 2000 PToPea g Expanded scale voltmeter covering the 10- 15 V range A simple, low-cost instrument that can be built into Ht-- _ - power supplies or used as a portable or fixed `battery EXPANDS condition' monitoring meter. °r Simon Campbell VOLTS ETh 159

Roger Harrison r ..--..¡¡ rN' - .

COMMON STORAGE BATTERIES to power nominal 12 Vdc electrical systems have a terminal voltage that ranges from a little over 10 volts when 12.o v) discharged to around 15 volts when é fully charged, the operating voltage being somewhere in the range 11.5 V to m1 13.8 V. Lead -acid batteries, for IV7 7 7.1 V example, may have a terminal voltage 1131k under rated discharge that commences 10-15V N at around 14.2 V and drops to about 11.8 DI 1N/001 V. A 12 V (nominal) nickel -cadmium /C1 may have a terminal RVI LM1723C/1 battery typically la C3 VOLTAGES WITH DVM voltage under rated discharge that su7 lDu AND 12 VOLTS IN AND UNIT CALIBRATED starts at 13 volts, dropping to 11 volts TOTAL CURRENT DRAIN 12.5 mA METER READS BACKWARDS when discharged. BELOW 10 VOLTS from Equipment designed to operate 15 aK a nominal 12 Vdc supply may only deliver its specified performance at a supply voltage of 13.8 V - mobile CB and amateur transceivers being a case indication of battery condition or HOW IT WORKS -ETI 159 in point. Other dc operated equipment whatever. Its main application is in The meter, Ml, is a 1 mA meter with serles vehicles or other areas where operation resistance- made up of R3 and RV2- so that may perform properly at 12.5 V but it becomes a 0-5 V voltmeter. The negative end is periodically. 'complain' when the supply reaches only checked of the meter is maintained at 5 V above the 14.5 V. This instrument, being of the true circuit negative line by the output of IC1, a 723 To monitor the state of charge/ analogue type, is intended for more adjustable regulator. The positive end of the meter is connected to the circuit positive line - exacting measurement and is better 'll discharge of a battery, a battery via ZD1, a 4V7 zener diode. Thus, no 'forward' operated system or the oútput of power characterised as a test .nstrument. current will flow in the meter until the voltage supplies, chargers, etc, a voltmeter The circuit between the circuit negative line and the to 100 mV over circuit positive line is greater than 5 + 4.7 = 9.7 which can be easily read We originally came across this circuit in volts. the range of interest, i.e: 10 to 15 volts, an article by Danny Apted (then -tias current for the zener is provided by a is an invaluable asset. This project does VK7ZDA) published in 'QRM', the F. f, Q1, connected as a constant current just that. newsletter of the Northern Branch of source so that the zener current Is accurately may note that our maintained over the range of circuit input Some readers the Wireless Institute of Australia, voltage. This ensures the zener voltage Expanded -scale LED Voltmeter, Tasmanian Division. remains essentially constant so that meter Project ETI-316, published in the An LM723 variable voltage regulator reading accuracy is maintained. September 1980 issue, does much the IC is employed to set an accurate 'offset' The trimpot RV1 sets the output voltage of the function of each voltage of 5 V, and the meter (M1) plus the 723. This determines the lower scale same job. However, voltage. Trimpot RV2 sets the meter scale is somewhat different. The ETI-316 has the trimpot RV2 and R3 make up a 5 V range. More resistance increases the scale 10 LEDs indicating each half volt meter, with the trimpot allowing cali- range, less resistance decreases it. between 10.5 V and 15 V and is intended bration. The negative terminal of the Diode D1 protects the circuit against to be read 'at a glance', giving a general meter is connected to the output of the damage from reverse connection. ETI December 1981 - 37 P ToPC'a ¿- 59

723 so that it is always held at 5 V `above' the circuit negative line. The positive end of the meter goes to a zener which will not conduct until more than 5 V appears between the circuit +ve and -ve lines. Thus the meter will not have forward current flowing through it until the voltage between the circuit i +ve and -ve rails is greater than 10 V, and will read full scale when it reaches 15 V (after RV2 is set correctly). The meter scale limits may be adjusted by setting the output of the 723 higher or lower (adjusted by RV1) and setting RV2 so that the meter has an increased or decreased full-scale deflection range. A variety of meter makes and sizes may be used.

16.6-

14.4- CHARGING RATE REDUCED

I - RAPID J 12.6 GASSING > OCCURS

12.0 10 HOUR DISCHARGE RATE

11.4 ~ 12.6. 3 HOUR DISCHARGE RATE 108 120 1 O 8 10 O 2 8 10 TIME (HOURS) TIME (HOURS)

Figure 1. Typical discharge characteristics of a 12 V (nominal) lead -acid Figure 2. Charging characteristics of a 12 V (nom.) lead -acid battery. The 'kink' battery. in the curve near 6 hrs Is explained in the text.

O 4 13 o > 1 10 HOUR DISCHARGE RATE J 12 4 z i 14 11 3 HOUR DISCHARGE RATE 1 3 j I 10 2 6 8 10 TIME (HOURS) O 2 a 6 8 10 TIME (HOURS) Figure 4. Typical charging characteristics of a 12 V NiCad battery (10 Figure 3. Typical discharge characteristics of a 12 V (nom.) nickel -cadmium cells) charged with a constant current at one -tenth rated capacity battery (usually consisting of 10 cells in series). (0.1C). Battery condition and terminal voltage That's all very well for common wet cell batteries, but measuring The 12V battery, in its many forms, is a pretty well universal source the electrolyte S.G. of sealed lead -acid or nickel -cadmium of mobile or portable electric power. There are lead -acid wet cell batteries is out of the question. types, lead -acid gel electrolyte (sealed) types, sealed and vented With NiCads, the electrolyte doesn't change during charge or nickel cadmium types, and so on. They are to be found in cars, discharge. trucks, tractors, portable lighting plants, receivers, transceivers, Fortunately, the terminal voltage is a good indicator of the state aircraft, electric fences and microwave relay stations - to name of charge or discharge. In general, the terminal voltage of a battery but a few areas. will be at a defined minimum when discharged (generally between No matter what the application, the occasion arises when you 10 and 11 volts), and rise to a defined maximum when fully need to reliably determine the battery's condition - its state of charged (generally around 15 volts). Under load, the terminal charge, or discharge. With wet cell lead -acid types, the specific voltage will vary between these limits, depending on the battery's gravity of the electrolyte is one reliable indicator. However, it gets a condition. bit confusing as the recommended electrolyte can have a different Hence a voltmeter having a scale 'spread' to read between S.G. depending on the intended use. For example, a low duty these two extremes is a very good and useful indicator of battery lead -acid battery intended for lighting applications may have a condition. It's a lot less messy and more convenient than wielding recommended electrolyte S.G. of 1.210, while a heavy-duty truck a hydrometer to measure specific gravity of the electrolyte! or tractor battery may have a recommended electrolyte S.G. of The charge and discharge characteristics of typical lead -acid 1.275. Car batteries generally have a recommended S.G. of 1.260. and sealed NiCad batteries are given in the accompanying figures.

38 - December 1981 ETI o0 +ve 10-15 Vdc -ve

PARTS LIST- ETI 159 Resistors all '/2W, 2% metal film FS1 R1 470R 500 mA R2 390R R3 1k RV1, RV2 10k cermet multiturn 1 horizontal trimpot D1 nl Capacitors Cl 4u7/10 V tant. M1 C2 100n greencap or M1 -ve I a ceramic +ve C3 10u/10 V R31kti\ tant. Semiconductors U1 IC1 LM723CH 2N3819 ZD1 4V7, 400 Ou lS mW or 1 W zener 01 2N3819 D1 1N4002 or similar 4u7 Capacitors Miscellaneous

R2 tantalum MI 1 mA meter (see RV2 jt text) 390R RV1 FS1 500 mA fuse and in -line 10k -e 10k ot fuse holder SET UPPER SET LOWER ETI-159 pc board; meter scale to suit meter; ' colour -coded (red 8 black) 'figure -8' cable, etc. Price estimate 111 We estimate the cost of purchasing all the com- ponents for this project will be in the range: $20-$23 TAG Note that this is an estimate only and not a BAND recommended price. A variety of factors may affect the price of a project, such as - quality of components purchased, type of pc board (fibre- glass or phenolic base), type of front panel BOTTOM supplied (if used), etc - whether bought as DIODE 2N3819 ºeparate components or made up as a kit. 5 TOP

The pc board and meter scale artwork are on page 147. Construction Mechanical construction of this project Seat all the components right down on occasion). has been arranged so that the pc board the pc board as the board may be First set the 10 V point. Connect the can be accommodated on the rear of any positioned on the rear of the meter with digital multimeter across the power of the commonly available moving coil the components facing the meter. The supply output and adjust the power meter movements. We chose a meter size of C2 may give you a little trouble. supply to obtain 10.00 volts. Set the with a 55 mm wide scale (overall panel Greencaps are generally too large and mechanical zero on the meter width, 82mm). A meter movement with therefore unsuitable. We used a movement to zero the meter's pointer. a large scale is an advantage as it is `Monobloc' type capacitor - as Connect the unit to the power supply considerably easier, and more accurate, commonly used on computer pc boards output and adjust RV 1 to zero the meter to read than meters with a smaller as bypasses. Alternatively, a 100n needle. scale. It also pays to buy a 'Class 2' tantalum capacitor (+ve to pin 2 of IC1) Next, set the power supply to obtain meter (2% fsd accuracy) for best may be used. The actual value or type of 15.00 V. Now adjust RV2 so that the accuracy. capacitor is not all that critical. meter needle sits on 15 V (full scale). We have used multiturn trimpots for Check the meter reading with the power Having chosen your meter, drill out RV1 and RV2 as they make the setting supply output set at various voltages the pc board to suit the meter terminal up a whole lot easier. across the range. We were able to obtain spacing first. The components may then Note that the fuse (to protect the readings across the full scale within be assembled to the board in any project) is inserted in an in -line holder ± half a scale reading (±50 mV). With a Watch particular order that suits you. in the external connecting leads. For Class 2 meter the worst error may be the orientation of the 723, ZD1, the FET these leads we used `automotive' figure - about ± one scale division. latter is an and particularly Dl. The 8 cable, colour -coded red (for +ve) and When set up, our unit drew 12.5 mA 'idiot diode'. That is, if you have a lapse black (for -ve). maximum current drain, which is of concentration or forethought and probably typical, but current drain may connect your project backwards across a Calibration be around 20 mA or so maximum. Note battery, the fuse will blow and not the For this you will need a variable power that, when the input voltage is below 10 project. Fuses are generally found to be supply covering 10 to 15 volts and a V, the meter needle will move in the cheaper than this project! digital multimeter (borrow one for the reverse direction.

ETI December 1981 - 39 ...... i 7.ti.':': :::. . . . . í.. i:::'r=.:ti. Yr.if:í: . .. . Make your hobby .e_. into a career! Electronics 1 1 Retail Managers Trainee stores we're opening tos the new better We need managers overseas.What wak Australia- and right around by training for this than 30, have to prepare between 18 and give U you re experience,closea hobby Smith Store. and retail o in electronics a a background place you in We'll probably states). us a call. - in most have 2.5 stores home (we (02) vv Retail Supervisor AF I.R zoR Bob Johnson, Contact Mr store manager. GE ask your local e 888 3200 or ON TECHNICIANS: 1' S 110`N SZGI3 _:Q1 SERVICE needs technical LOW Q -13Q5 (NSW) service centre Our de sr digital ...the G all categories:ories: audio, oodforthe PRICED BOLDER experts in very, very 9 ' - for promotion are Manager - 5. 1.25mm (18)'200g opportunities National Service ' (our current ago!) Instantly freezes com- N-1619 r right people a few y , Q just the to 'on the bench' premises,ago wi ponents down minus started e want 50 degrees Centigrade! $4.95 be workinginair-conditionedpys - so You'll The pace Is hectic components 0.71m 200g /41:1 in service aids. supervision Cools latest need continual whilst soldering. Ñg) who don't .. ll 1 people Service Manager ONLY $4.95 p, National $ 1.25mm (113hobby pk I on ac i Contact Ir` 888 3200. N-1056 (02) 295 $ ? ,j Did you miss out on our 18Hz- SOLAR ,'Oa/ 200MHz RANGE 4is: BELOW COST SPECIAL V This wide band signal generator is ideal for CELL 0.71 mm (22g) hobby pk Output the service technician, developmental SPECS: p LAST MONTH: N-1636 $2-4 A laboratory, the amateur & the hobbyist. state, & light -weight, it gives '4:95mA (43mW 95 PLASTIC PARTS CASE $1.08 Solid compact per cell) you a selectable sinewave or squarewave - P H-2590. at any frequency from l8Hz-200MHz. Get your tree energy now, Great for the asp. WAS: $360 NOW: $1.60 SAVE: $2.00 u ' erimonter, or hobbyist ONLY DICK SLASHES THE PRICE (DESOLDEa s1SS F GENUINE 'CANNON' PLUGS! BRAID TYPE CAT No WAS NOW -) 8 n(010 CANNON 3 pen I,ne .566.5 P.1620 53.75 $3.10 27MHz TX/RX AUDIO 3 pu+ Pne, plug Pí622 53.75 62.20' TA Specially treated PLUGS 3 p.n 6n Plug Pt62a 93.95 $2.15í.s copper braid that 3 p.n panel socken P-1626 S4.20 83.40 is used to remove CANNON OILY TESTER COMPUTER 25 p,n'O' type plug P.2690 55.90 $5.03 $0 solder from PC the most out of your 27MHz transceiver. CONNECTORS 25 D,'D' type .066.1 P.2691 S7 95 $6.20 N-1682 boards. Get TANDY'S PRICE $2.69 Just look at what it'll do:,measure pwr output YOU REAP THE BENEFIT! / up to 5W, VSWR from 1:1 to 1:3, Modulation percentage 0-100%, Relative held strenght, Check crystal activity, Generate 1000Hz for DICK SMITH'S audio testing, plus much, much, more. Unit : The low cost answer is supplied with instructions, leads & tele- . for'for, phone answering PRO QUALITY scopic antenna. Tf. ,,-oaR` tTy^y'a-51W r - ._ CHECKS TRANSISTORS & W '" r _no ', MEASURES CAPACITANCE TOO! 4y.W, ' 100k OHMS PER VOLT

-ii . > , This is virtually acomplete test bench 11.17 1,,, .1 '',ij in one small package... the lectures .e.-..... I1 il are too numerous to mention in such a «. '' G mall space. 11 you want a multimeter Ti that will do just about everything .. . ONLYS4950 l is id Complete leads Q-1380 this with batteries. & instruction manuaL Come in& check ' r it out now!

° r Q-1140 This exciting machine connects to your telephone and the power supply (supplied) then plugs into the AC mains. You can use pre-recorded tapes $ 50 supplied, or make your own messages. Tape AND handles up to 30 calls. ONLY NOTE Not Telecom approved 4 OPEN LATE TRANSISTOR CHECKER/MULTIMETER This multimeter is similar to the Q-1140 above right, but mGm!S FOR there are a few di ferencest If you don't need to measure O +LY Q.1136 capacitors (for instance you might have an AC Bridge), `l you can save heaps. Otherwise, everything else is pretty$ 00V much the same. A bargain at this price! CHRISTI will be 4¿ all our stoles .'. PROTECT YOUR METER es, late shopping case keeps your normal - This handy meter carry oa $' iI 95 Open on leads & instructions tid Y, alsois ves Yyou WWI Q-1137 Y Christmas. to store notes, circuits etc.WAS nigl}ts until . .y 5517.50 2 YEARS A0011 ' ...... i .. ff.. 41. ... 1...... ff...... gy . . I . r:-8ii-8 W'r ..ü.,illa i "' 11 DICK SMITH 'I with DICK'S RE -SELLERS , These re -sellers stock a large range of our'I products. However we cannot guarantee they will have all items in stock, or at the pnces we I advertise. ATHERTON, QED: Jue Sue's Radio Service 55 Mein Street Phone 911 208 BENDIBO, VIC: Sumner Electronics 1 95 Mitchell Street Phone 431 977 s BALLINA. NSW: A. Cummings & Co. 91.93 Rim Street Phone 862 28$ BLACKHEATH, NSW: Goodwin Electronics 123 Station Street Phone 871 379 5 BROKEN HILL NSW: Crystal TV Rentals ' 66 Crysel Street. Phone 6197 CAIRNS, OLD: Thompson Instrument Services' 79.61 McLeod Street. Phone 512 404 COFFS HARBOUR, NSW: Colts Harbour Elect 3 C.C. Harbour Plaza, Pan Are Phone 525 684 DARWIN, NT: Kent Electronics 42 Stow Xighe.. Phone 814 749 BURRO, NSW: Dubbo Electronic Services 157 Britten, Street. Phone 879 355 ' EAST MAITL6 NSW: EastMaitland Elect Cm. Lew. b x,g 5 . Phone 337 m THAN GERALDTON, WA: KB Electronics & Marine s LESS Morn Phone 361 Terr, 212 176 GOSFORD, NSW: Tomorrow's Electronics 68 Willt.m Street Phone 247 246 $200! HOBART, TAS: Aero Electronics 123. B.thum Street Phone 748 232 - *7iiy9'. heatsinks Ib KINGSTON, TAS: Kingyston Electronics This TO -3 heatsink gives the greatest Cheerio' Court. Phone 296 (01 RF. PROBE possible heat dissipation in the smallest - ,L 4 LAUNCESTON, TAS: Advanced Electronics Extend the useful range of possible space. Thermal rating of approx. 5. The Oentrant. Phone 317 075 your mullimeter way up into 5C/W. 50mm square by 25mm high. LISMORE, NSW: Decro Electric Magellan the RF region with this neat 10 OR MORE $1.20ea, Street (hornet Hwy, Phone 214 137 MACKAY, probe. Freq. response is QLD: Stevens Electronics ONLY H-3400 42 V,ctane Street. Phone 511 723 150kHz to 30MHz (ref. 503 $1.35ea. MARYBOROUGH, OLD: Keller Electronics kHz). Comes equipped with Universal hole pattern allows the mounting 218 Ad.l.,6e Street. Phone 214 559 4mm banana plugs for direct of almost all 'power' semiconductors. MORUYA. NSW: Coastal Electronics multimeter connection. Has ribbed walls for max efficiency. 43 Vulcan Street 742 545 s- p' 10 OR MORE 9OCea. MT GAMBIER, SA: Hutchesson's Comm H-3401 ONLY $1.00ea. S Elizabeth Street Phone 256 404MUS 1138 WELLBROOK. NSW: Silicon Chip Elect Sun. 3. 91 Bridge Phone 43 1096 '1795 Flag mounting type with fins top & NAMBOUR. OLD: Nambour Electronic Shop RESISTANCE bottom Available drilled or tendrilled SOLD! Shop 4 Lewan A outs Ann St Phone 411 604 _ to accept two power transistors of OVER 1,500 NEWCASTLE, NSW: Elektron 2000 SUBSTITUTION most types. 10 OR MORE S3.20 181 Wharf Road. Phone 262 644 EA. ORANGE NSW: M&W Electronics WHEEL 173 Summer Street. Phone 626 491 asy to read value selection ONLY S3.75ea. QUALITY PENRITH. NSW: Acorn Electronics that enables you to select With its thick base & radial fan Shop 12 541 High St (Phone not yet connected) values from 5 ohms to 1M design, this heatsink is able to dissi- 6.5MHz PT MACQUARIE NSW: Hall of Electronics pate huge amounts of heat. Thermal 113 Xenon Street Phone (.not y.t connected). LÍ ohm us 36 steps using most surface to am common divisions. Com- resistance, mounting ROCKHAMPEON, OLD: Purely Electronics bient -l'C/W (30ft/sec aú velocity). 75mm CRO 15 East street, Phone 21 058 plete with leads & clips. 79 8 Mounting surface temp. nse above This oscilloscope is SOUTHPORT, OLD: Amateur's Paradise ideal for the ambient 60'C @ 30W heat dissi- laboratory, the classroom, in field 121 Neang Street, Phone 322 644 patonpation level. 10 OR MORE TAMWORTH, NSW: Sound Components 3422 service, in bench service, in assembly 111 Bri4et Phone I S3.50ea. centres and of course, in hobby Street. 654 363 applications. Solid state electronics TOOWOOMBA, OLD: Hunts Electronics ONLY S3.75ea. 18 Ned Street Phone 329 677 ensures extremely low drift & fast LOGIC TOWNSVILLE, 7 warm-up. Check these OLD: Tropical TV features: 49 /When, Road. Vincent Village Phone 791 421 PROBE Qr DRElLLED Retrace blanking: gives a much TRARALGON, VIC: Pawer'n'Sound clearer display. 147 Argyle street Phone 743 636 This outstsanding logic probe Lower threshold triggering. less hooks onto the circuit under test WAGGA, NSW: Wagga Wholesale Elect EA Y. division at 5MHs 62 Fes,k street es for its power (5V DC), & you can - FLASHING LEDS Sharper focus especially at W000NGA. VIC: A & M Electronics tell at a glance what the logic high frequencies. 78a x,sh Street. Phon. 244 Ser level is by which of the LEDs are 7,) Fibreglass PCB. WHYALLA. SA: Mellor Enterprises glowing. Colour coded input terminals. Shop 2, Forsyth. Street. Phone 454 764 AND A USEABLE RESPONSE 47,4000 TWO FOR Dear Customer: $1.00 TO BEYOND 821y Quite often. the products we ads.rdse ere so popular O.12T2 y TO 66.55MHrll yy they run out within a lsw days. Or, SAVEE Ole untosseen cirsomstaness might hold up goods so that .dv.rlised .11, Plus FREE CRO-BNC adaptor with 7 lines are not in the store by the time the MEMORY every purchaseof the Q-1280 oscill- ether' BNC $990 appears. Please don't blame the store manager ar felt. 6.YY'1w CRÓ What bargain a oscope. sock., they cannot solve a dock strike on the other side of the ... cp,DAPT,ORna for lastt 4116 dynamicmic+YD Y` world. or even locate a shipment that has gone 395 *********** astray. ,. pe. RAMs! You won't bleat at our What we are trying to say is th L it you are about to a BNC ty AN OSCILLOSCOPE , to price Z -93l0 drive acros. town to pick up a particular line al a Dick terminals EVERYONE CAN AFFORD! it Smith Sto,.. why not give the store a ring first (add s/phone n bs below) , just in used Thanks 'fa Smith & Staff, ' 100MHz xl /x10 CRO PROBE and all for Order Value Charges This incredibly versatile probe set, suit any s will virtually S5-$9.99 $1.20 CRO & give you all the features of a probe set you would P&P. .. ONLY S10 -S24.99 $2.20 pay $$$$ more for. Here's what you get: Basic probe with S25S49.99 $3.30 5 inbuilt xl/x10 switch, 1.5M of cable, complete with co -ax CHARGES $50-S99.99 $4.40 type BNC connector & wondering earth lead with aligator clip. S100 or more S6.00 01245 These charges for goods sent by post In Aust. 0,8? only Not airmail, overseas or road freight.

NSW 145 Perrem.nRd AUBURN 648 0558 ACT 96 Gladstone St FYSHWICK BO 4944 755 Terrace Level BANKSTOWN SO OLD 166 Logan Rd BURANDA 391 6233 613 Prrnc.. Hwy BLAKEHURST 546 7744 842 Oymp,e Rd CHERMSIDE 59 6255 818 George St BROADWAY 211 3777 SA 60 Wright St ADELAIDE 212 1982 531 Pittwater Rd BROOKVALE 93 0441 Cnr Main Stn Rd e I. DICK SMITH 147 Hume Hwy CHULLORA 642 8922 Flageteft Rd . DARLINGTON 298 8977 162 Pacific Hwy GORE HILL 439 5311 435 Mee North Rd ENFIELD 260 6088 396 Lane Cow Rd NORTH RYDE 888 3200 VIC 399 Loedal. St MELBOURNE 67 9834 30 Grose St PARRAMATTA 683 1133 260 Sydney Rd COBURG 383 4455 125 York St SYDNEY 290 3377 656 Bridge Rd RICHMOND 428 1614 Electronics Ole 173 Metend Rd TIGHES HILL 61 1896 Cnr Dnd.nong e SHOPS OPEN 263 Keir. St WOLLONOONG 28 3800 Spnngvale Rds SPRINGVALE 547 0522 9AM to 5.30PM rte )Saturday: 9am till 12 noon) WA Cnr Whert St 6 BRISBANE: Half hour earlier. Mail Order Centre: Albany Hwy CANNINGTON 451 8666 ANY TERMS OFFERED ARE TO PO Box 321. North RYde 2113 Phone (02) 888 3200 414 William St PERTH 328 6944 APPROVED APPLICANTS ONLY e . . . . DSE 093RB R + i i..iiiiittimmiiiiiit 4:. ar1: e Notes 110.

Using the LM 396 10A adjustable voltage regulator

Barry Davis A new voltage regulator using a revolutionary IC fabrication technique has been introduced into the marketplace by National Semiconductor. It is the LM 196/396, a 10 ampere adjustable voltage regulator in a TO -3 package.

THIS NEW regulator has all the protec- MAXIMUM POWER tion features that hobbyists have taken A CURRENT LIMIT B DISSIPATION for granted in the lower power LM117/ 20 120 }III I I 110 1 317 family. It is immune to blowout from 18 i 1 I!i! IIí excessive output current and all devices 16 TI 25°C 100 I 90 I are `burned -in' to guarantee the correct 14 } 1 I , I 80 operation of the protection circuits MEASURED 100 12 ms_ 3 AFTER SNORT IS 10 under overload conditions. ce I 10 APPLIED 60 LM396 LM10! The output voltage is adjustable over 3 8 0 50 the range of 1.25 to 15 volts. The t ,I maximum input-output voltage 6 40 1:I; I;; 30 4 GUARANTEED differential (V, - V° t) is 20 volts, and MINIMUM - 20 , higher output voltages are possible 2 10 ..i,ll o providing that this parameter is not o o 5 10 15 20 25 exceeded. A full load current of 10 O 30 80 90 120 150 amperes is available at all output INPUT-OUTPUT DIFFERENTIAL (V) CASE TEMPERATURE (°C) voltages; however, the power maximum AS LIMITED BY MAXIMUM JUNCTION TEMPERATURE dissipation (70 watts) and the junction temperature must be watched closely. At Figure 1. Current limit and power dissipation a load current of 10 amperes, the maximum permissible VI - Vo, differential is 7 volts. Under these conditions the power dissipated is - Application precautions VI-VtxI ABOUT THE AUTHOR 1. Heatsinking Barry Davis is a lecturer with the = 7 x 10 =m70 watts. The major limitation in the output Telecommunications Division of the Royal. The features of the regulator are: current capability of the regulator is Melbourne Institute of Technology, en- 10 A guaranteed óutput current. heatsinking. The regulator has ex- gaged in teaching full-time technician 70 W maximum power dissipation. tremely high power dissipation, 70 watts students. He has worked in all facets of the Adjustable output from 1.25 to 15 V. continuously, providing that the maxi- electronics industry and is the author of a 100% burn -in thermal limit. mum junction temperature limit is not number of radio and television corre- Internal spondence courses on fundamentals and current power limiting. exceeded. These limits are: servicing for Stotts. Input-output voltage differential is LM 196 -55°C to +150°C Barry Davis is also the author of a text 20 V maximum. LM 396 0°C to +125°C book called 'Understanding dc power Dropout voltage is approximately Careful attention must be paid to all supplies', published by Prentice -Hall earlier 2.1 V. junction thermal resistances. A good this year. This book mentions the develop- TO -3 Package. heat -conductive paste must be used ment of National Semiconductor's 'Moose - The current limit and maximum when mounting the regulator on the process' LM196/396 regulator which very power dissipation characteristics are heatsink. The regulator must also be recently became available - hence this shown in Figure la and lb respectively. bolted down nice and tight. To ensure article.

42 - December 1981 ETI the selection of the correct heatsink, the MAXIMUM HEATSINK MAXIMUM HEATSINK THERMAL RESISTANCE THERMAL RESISTANCE procedure is as follows.

Calculate the worst case continuous 1.5 in the regu- 1.5 ISIMKEl\ average power dissipation TA 20 C 1.3 EIIMiitlifllll lator from the formula: 1.3 ' TA -100°C V001) P = (V. - x 1.1 :N TA e0 C 1.1 :a: -, The voltage/current characteristics of TA 60°C 0.9 vMIMdlla the unregulated input must be accurate. 0.9 .11I1111Vin" TA - 40°C A small change in input voltage can 0.7 ~I 1111111111111M1111 0.7 BA1IIIIIh~111111111111111 result in a large increase in the power 1111IAdINIBIIa dissipated by the regulator. For 0.5 0.5 11111111aaw example, normal operating conditions 0.3 0.3 are: I 0.1 V = 10 V 0.1 TA - 120°C -,,- I ) V. 0 á = 14 V 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 I = 10 A POWER DISSIPATION (W) POWER DISSIPATION (W) P = (14 - 10) x 10 = 40 watts. If the input voltage increases by 10% to Figure 3. Heatsink thermal resistance graphs (TA = Ambient temperature) 15.4 volts: P =(15.4-10)x10 level. This allows a lower do input 54 watts = voltage to the regulator, which will result of VIRAIS) VWI + Vfeg + VRect + VRipp,e - an increase in power dissipation in savings in transformer and heatsink .35%. costs. Therefore, the power supply circuit up A further idea is to place several regulator input (i.e: VNnm x (1.1) to the transformer, capacitors in parallel. This increases the (1) rectifier diodes, filter capacitor) plays an capacitance, reduces the net series re- x important role in the successful oper- Where: sistance and increases the heat dissipat- ation of the regulator itself. It should be 1.1 is the factor accounting for load ing area (i.e: shares it among the built and tested to determine its average regulation of the transformer. capacitors). Once the circuit in Figure 2 Vn, = dc regulated output voltage. dc output voltage under full load with has been finalised and the average dc V,teg = Minimum Vin - Vim,. maximum voltage. This is input circuit output voltage determined, the thermal shown in Figure 2. VRn1 = Voltage drop (forward) across the diode at resistance of the heatsink can be deter- 3 x I,w, mined from the graphs in Figure 3, in VR,pe = Peak capacitor ripple voltage ('6 p -p) D1 degrees centigrade per watt (°C/W). lO (5:10-9 1, . i e: For conservative heatsinking it is 2c TO THE recommended that you choose TA to he REGULATOR C is the capacitor value in farads.. 35°C higher than anticipated. VN,,,,, = Normal ac input (RMS). The heatsink resistance generally falls - Minimum ac input (RMS). into the range of 0.2°C/W - 1.5°C/W at Figure 2. Circuit prior to the regulator. a TA = 60°C. These are large heatsinks such as the Philips 45D6CB, 55D6CB, The current rating required can be The choice of Cr is also very import- and large Minifin. These must be calculated from the formula: ant. At high current levels the capacitor the mounted for best convection cooling and ripple current (RMS) is two to three (2) could also be cooled by a fan. 1.,u, x times the dc output current. If the IRMS = 1.2 capacitor has an equivalent series resist- 2. Transformers Where 1 = dc output current. ance (ESR) of 0.05 ohms, this can cause Correct transformer ratings are ex- internal power dissipation (PR) of 20 to tremely important in high current Transposing formula (2) we can calcu- 45 watts at an output current of 10 supplies. If the secondary voltage is too late the value of filter capacitor required: amperes. high, power will be wasted and cause unnecessary power dissipation in the (5.3 x 10-3) The life of the capacitor `derates' with = (3) increase in operating temperature, and regulator. However, if the secondary 2 x VRipple the choice of a small -value capacitor is voltage is too low it may cause loss of asking for trouble (about 2000µF is used regulation if the input voltage (i.e: for the LM 317 circuit). A value of some mains) fluctuates excessively. The best way to appreciate these 2000 ,uF per ampere of load current is The following formula can be used to formulas in use is to calculate the values the minimum recommended value. calculate the secondary voltage required required for a power supply circuit. If we Large values of capacitor will have using the circuit in Figure 2 (full wave design a good mobile radio power longer life and will also reduce the ripple centre tap). supply, 13.8 volts at 10 amperes:

ETI December 1981 - 43 SUPERiEX

POWER Available from the following leading. stores -

QUEENSLAND: MYER - ALL BRANCHES SOFTWARE 80 Shop 11/200 Mogill Rd., Taringa, 4068 (07) 371 6996 DATACOM Shop 16, S.G.I.O. Arc., Bundaberg, 4670 (071) 71 4740 A.C.T:: COMPUTER WORLD Shop G71, The Bridge, Woden Plaza (062) 81 1368 TASMANIA: J. WALSH & SONS PTY. LTD.

am'. ___.-- 130 Macquarie St., Hobart, 7000 (002) 34 7511 BIRCHALLS 118-120 Brisbane St., Launceston, 2250 (003) 31 3011 VICTORIA: RADIO PARTS GROUP 562 Spencer St., West Melbourne. 3003 (03)329 7888 ROD IRVING ELECTRONICS 425 High St., Northcote, 3070 (03) 489 8131 MINIT COMPUTER SERVICE P& N CHANNEL 119 McCrae St., Bendigo, 3550 (054) 43 2589 Albury (060) 21 5933 10mA-50A 20v -800v B.B.J. COMPUTER SHOP PTY LTD. 88 Albert Rd., Sth. Melbourne, 3205 (03) 699 5622 HIGH SWITCHING SPEED. (NO STORAGE MYER MELBOURNE - City Store on ly. TIME DELAY). W.A.: DIRECTLY INTERFACES TO MICRO BASE CMOS, TTL 127 Fitzgerald St., Perth, 6000 AND MOS. (09) 329 9308 S.A.: i HIGH GAIN. ACUIS TRADING 185 Pirie Adelaide, LOW DRIVE CURRENT. St., 5000 (08) 223 1900 FREE FROM SECONDARY BREAKDOWN ' MYER ADELAIDE AND VOLTAGE DERATING. N.S.W.: B.B.J. COMPUTER SHOP PTY. LTD. DRIVES INDUCTIVE LOADS. 329 Pacific Hwy., Crows Nest, 2065 (02) 922 4022 CITY PERSONAL COMPUTER AVAILABLE IN T03, T0220, T039, T092 75 Castlereagh St., Sydney, 2000 (02) 233 8992 AND D.I.L. PACKAGES. DAVID REID ELECTRONICS PTY. LT D. 127 York St., Sydney, 2000 (02) 29 6601 Technical information available on e uest. COMPUTER WAVE PTY. LTD. Lwr. Ground Floor, Myer, Sydney, 2000 (02) 238 9111

E Like to be the SINCLAIR Soanar Electronics Ptv Ltd stockist in your area? A member of the A & R Soanar Electronics Group 30 Lexton Road, Box Hill, Vic., 3128. Australia Ring today - VICTORIA: 8401222 QUEENSLAND: 52 1131 N.S.W. 789 6733 WEST. AUST. 381 9522 (03) 419 3033 STH. AUST: 42 8918 TASMANIA: 31 6533

44 - December 1981 ETI The ZX PRINTER - designed for use with ZX81 and ZX80 with8K BASIC ROM. Alpha -numerics! Graphics!

wor Íw - PERSONAL COMPUTER

COMPLETE WITH MAINS i ADAPTOR, LEADS, ONLY $250 Graph -drawing and animated -display facilities. 16K -BYTE Multi -dimensional string and numerical arrays. Up to 26 FOR/NEXT loops. CA RAM PACK Randomise function - useful for games as $150 well as serious applications. fREEZX8 MA UI L Cassette LOAD and SAVE with named Higher specification, programs. if you own a Sinclair ZX80 .. . lower price how's it done? 1K -byte RAM expandable to 16K bytes with The new 8K BASIC ROM used in the Sinclair - RAM pack. Sinclair ZX81 is available to ZX80 owners as a drop -in Quite simply, by design. The ZX80 reduced Able to drive the new Sinclair printer replacement chip. (Complete with new keyboard the chips in a working computer from 40 or so, to (not available yet - but coming soon)! template and operating manual.) 21. The ZX81 reduces the 21 to 4! With the exception of animated graphics, all The secret lies in a totally new master chip. Advanced 4 -chip design, microprocessor, the advanced features of the ZX81 are now avail- Designed by Sinclair and custom-built in Britain, ROM, RAM, plus master chip - unique, able on your ZX80 including the ability to drive this unique chip replaces 18 custom-built chip replacing 18 ZX80 chips. - chips from the ZX80! the Sinclair ZX Printer. The ZX81 comes complete with all leads to connect to your TV (colour or black and white) r and cassette recorder. ORDER FORM - SINCLAIR EQUIPMENT (AUSTRALASIA) P/L 86-88 Nicholson Street, Abbottsford, Victoria, 419 New, improved specification 3067. Telephone: 3033. Z80 a microprocessor - new faster version of QUANTITY ITEM ITEM PRICE TOTAL the famous Z80 chip, widely recognised as the Ready assembled ZXS I Sinclair Personal Computer best ever made. including mains adaptor, leads. BASIC manual 5250

Unique 'one -touch' key word entry: the ZX81 16K -BYTE RAM pack S 150 eliminates a great deal of tiresome typing. Key 8K -ROM (only required for ZX811) 5 75 words (RUN, LIST, PRINT, etc.) have their own single -key entry. ZX Printer Ito be announced) Unique syntax -check and report codes identity Total programming errors immediately. I enclose cheque/Bankcard/Diners/Amex Full range of mathematical and scientific functions accurate to eight decimal places. Name ZX Software Cassettes Address Postcode _ - Send for free catalogue of Games, Business, Signature Educational, Junior Educationa. Enc. S.A.E. L_._ ETIj Lab Notes

COMMON POINT = 13.8 V AT OUTPUT

= 10 A 3 LM 196/396 Assume VRr = 2.2 V, VR.M = 1.2 V VR.PPk = 2 V p -p, VNm = 240 V Vu = 220 V R1 Using formula (1) + =C1 2 L VIRMS) VIH OUT (13.8+ 1.2 + 1\ 240 1.1

18.2 J J = x1.09 x1.1 ` V/2 Ó =12.869 x 1.09 x 1.1 COMMON POINT =15.4 volts (RMS) Figure 5. Basic regulator, EARTH Vogl 1.25 (R1 +R2) Using formula (2) R1 = 10 x 1.2 IIR sl Another important = 12 amperes (RMS) factor in the C3 = 25 µF. Improves ripple choice of diode is The transformer must therefore be the surge current at rejection, output impedance, and noise. switch on. The 240: 30 CT at 12 amperes. The centre tap peak surge current is (Capacitor C2 should be close to the about 10-20 times dc (CT) will provide 15 volts secondary the output current regulator if C3 is used). (i.e: voltage for each diode. 100-200 A for a 10 A supply). (Note: R1 = 120 ohms. It should be a smaller The size of the filter capacitor re- transformers and filter capaci- wirewound or metal film resistor, toler- quired can be calculated using for- tors may be used in lower current ance 1^i, or better. mula (3) supplies. This will reduce the surge R2 = calculated to set V0,1; the current; unless you are sure C = (5.3 x 10.3) 10 of the worst same type of resistor as Rl. case surges, do not economise on 2 x 1 diodes.) The value of R2 can be calculated Stud -mounted diodes in a DO -4 or from the formula: = 26500 /.¿F DO -5 package are recommended, such as R.,=/V xR1-R1 The transformer, rectifier and filter IR 12F10B, IN3209 or 16F10 silicon circuit is now shown in Figure 4. rectifiers. Remember to choose the 1.25 correct for PIV the type of transformer Example: IlariS1= 12 A DI in use (PIV = J2 V Secondary). Vo1 = 13.8 V TO THE 4. Wiring R1 = 120 ohms REGULATOR High load currents produce higher than R2 =113.8\x 120 - 120 normal voltage drops across the resist- 1.25// 26 500u ance of the wiring. is 40 V.W. It suggested that = (11.04 x 120) - 120 16-18 gauge wire is used for input and = 1324.8 - 120 output connections, and the length is = 1204.8 ohms. kept to a minimum. As stated earlier, the package is a Figure 4. Rectifier and filter The two resistors used to set the circuit TO -3 and the connections are shown in output voltage level are 3. Diodes connected: Figure 6. 1. directly to a common point earth and METAL CAN PACKAGE The diodes used in the circuit must have 2. directly to the a high dc current rating. The capacitor output of the regu- input filter draws high peak current lator as shown in Figure 5. pulses that are considerably higher than Components in Figure 5. VouT ,ADJUSTMENT the average do current. With a 10 CF. = Main filter capacitor amperes supply the average current is 5 26 500µF. amperes. The current pulse's duration Cl = 4 µ7 tantalum. It is only and amplitude result in a long-term necessary if the main filter capacitor is diode heating of approximately 10 am- more than 150 mm away from the peres dc. Therefore the diodes should regulator. Connecting wire ís 18 gauge or have a rating of at least 10-15 amperes. larger. CASE IS VIN Also, the power supply may have to C2 = 4 #.47 tantalum. It is not survive a short circuit and average absolutely necessary, but is rec- BOTTOM VIEW current could rise to 15 amperes (see ommended to maintain low output Figure la). impedance at high frequencies. Figure 6. Connection diagram

46 - December 1981 ETI ALL ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS That's our namé =:'::.that's our game!!!

MAJOR STOCKISTS OF ALL GENERAL RADIO AND ELECTRONIC -COMPONENTS "WE ARE NOW OFFICIAL INTERSIL DISTRIBUTORS" Check our low prices on these fabulous products by "INTERSIL". O.E.M.'s & Résellers enquiries welcome. ICM 7211 $11.84 ICM 7215EV/Kit ICL 8038 CC $6.70 ICM 72268 $35.25 (Stopwatch Kit) $36.56 ICL 8069 CC SO $3.45 ICM 7556 IPD $ 2.20 ICL 7650 CPO $5.85 Product & Data Book etc. etc. $14.10 ICM 7555 IPA $1.70 ICL 7680 CPA $4.28 Prices Include Sales Tax. Allow $2.00 Pack and Certified Post. ETI AND EA KITSET SPECIALISTS (LARGEST RANGE IN AUSTRALIA) - TOP QUALITY, LOW PRICES LEARN WHILE YOU BUILD POWER SUPPLIES TE50 ETI 152 Linear Scale Capacitance Meter R11 ETI 780 Novice Transmitter STEREO UNITS PS1 ETI 132 Experimenters Power Supply TE51 E.A. Digital Capacitance Meter R12 ETI 703 Antenna Matching Unit 484 CoSO S1 ET Compressormpressor Expander PS2 ETI 581 Dual Power Supply (High Powered TE52 ETI 589 Digital Temp. Meter R15 E.A. 110 Communications Receiver S2 ET 484 per channel Amplifier Version) TE53 E.A. T.V. C.R.O. Adaptor less Power Pack R17 E.A. 130 Communications Receiver S3 ET 482A PreampwBoard PS3 Eli 712 CB Power Supply TE54 EA. XTAL Locked Pattern Generator R18 E.A. All Wave I/C 2 S4 -E1 4828 Tone Control Board PS4 ET1131 Power Supply 1E55 E.A. Decade Resistance Sub Box R20 E.A. Fremodyne 4 Complete Kit S5 ET 485 Graphic Equalizer PS6 ETI 105 Laboratory Power Supply TE56 E.A. Capacitance Sub Box R21 E.A. Fremodyne 4 RF Section S6 ET 480 50 watt Amplifier less H rS & bracket PS7 ETI 111 IiC Power Supply 1E57 E.A. Decade Capacitance Sub Box R31 E.A. 27 Mhz Pre-amp S7 ET 480100 watt Amplifier less H/S á PS9 E.A. 1976 Regulated Power Supply TE58 E.A. Tantalum Capacitance Sub Box R32 E.A. 10-30 Mhz Pre -amp bracket PS10 E.A. 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Dice Circuit AND MIXERS PRE -AMPLIFIERS 0211 ETI 45013 forr above Ignition M10 Ell 539 Touch Switch PI ETI 445 Stereo Pre-Amplifier Sensor TEST EQUIPMENT A22 ETI 318 D' ital Car Tachometer (less M22 ETI 256 Humidity P2 ETI 449 Balance Mic Pre -Amplifier M23 Roulette Wheel TE2 ETI 133 Phase Meter Metalwork E.A. Electronic P5 ETI 414 Master Mixer 8 channel M25 Digital Metronome ETI 533C Digital Display A23 ETI 319A ariwiper Mk. 2 (no dynamic E.A. P6 ETI 419 Mo er Pre amplifier M26 Voice Operated Relay -4 ch.TE3TE4 ETI 129 R.F. Signal Generator braking) EA. Mixer Pre -amplifier -2 ch. M29 E.A. Sound Effects Generator TES ETI 130 Temperature Meter A24 ETI 3196 Variwiper Mk. 2 (for dynamic P7 ETI 401 F.E.T. 4 Input Mixer M30 ETI 551 Light Chaser 3 channel 1000 166 ETI 706 Marker Generator braking) P10 E.A. Playrnaster 145 Mixer watt /ch TE8 ETI 122 Logic Tester A25 ETI 555 Light Activated Tacho P11 ETI 446 Audio Limiter M32 E.A. Remote TV Headphone TE9 ETI 124 Tone Burst Generator A26 ETI 320 Battery Condition Indicator P12 Eli 471 High Performance Stereo M34 ETI 650 STAG Timer TE10 ETI 123 C bedMos Tester A27 E.A. Transistor Assisted Ignition Pre-amplifier M36 ETI 557 Reaction Timer TEll ETI 116 Impedance Meter A28 ETI 324 Twin Range Tacho less case P13 ETI 477 Moving Coil Cartridge Pre -Amp M37 ETI 249 Combination lock (less lock) TE12 ET1 533 Digital Display A29 ETI 328 LED Oil Temp Meter less V.D.O. P14 ETI 474 High to low Impedence Interface M38 ETI 814 Dinky Die ETI 117 Digital Voltmeter 1975 Display probe P15 ETI 467 4 Input Guitar/Mic. Pre -amo Suits 1613 M39 EA. Electronic Combination lock (including TE14 ETI 117 Digital Voltmeter 1976 Display P16 ETI 5600 Pre Amp PHOTOGRAPHIC lock) 1E15 ETI 704 Cross Hatch Dot Generator 586 Speed Timer PHI Ell Shutter M40 E.A. Mast Head Amplifier TIMERS 1E16 ETI 120 Logic Probe Flash PH3 ETI 5148 Sound Light Trigger M41 Electromyogram T1 ETI 062 A.M. Tuner TE17 ETI 121 Logic Pulser ETI 576 PH4 ETI 532 Photo Timer including 12 ETI 740 F.M. Tuner' Frequency Meter 1975 M42 E.A. Prospector Metal Locator 1E18 ETI 118 Digital P117 ETI 513 Tape Slide Synchronizer not included headphone *Wooden cabinet Display P1110 Timer ETI 540 Universal M43 ETI 561 Metal Locator less dowel and TE19 ETI 118 Digital Frequency Meter 1976 GUITAR UNITS PH12 E.A. Sync -a -Slide tubing potplant stand G1 Audio Phaser Display P1114 Mast Head Strobe ETI 447 ETI 558 M44 E.A. Musical Tone Generator 413 100 watt Bridge Amplifier TE20 ETI 157 Crystal. Marker P1115 G2 ETI 2 x ETI 553 Tape Slide Synchronizer M45 E.A. Light Chaser 3 channel 100 watt Guitar Amplifier TE34 ETI 487 Real Time Audio Analyser P1116 Photo Timer G5 ETI 413 E.A. Digital M46 E.A. Power saver for induction motors for TE35 ETI 483 Sound Level Meter G6 ETI 410 A.D.U. your Guitar P4117 ETI 594 Development Timer M47 Twin Tremelo for Organs/Stage Amps TE36 Ell 489 Real Time Audio Analyser E.A. G14 ETI 452 Guitar Practice Amplifier P1118 ETI 568 Sound or light operated Flash M48 Lissajouis Pattern Generator less H/S TE37 Ell 717 Cross Hatch Generator E.A. G15 ETI 466 300 watt Amp module - Trigger inc. optional parts M49 Selectalott TE38 E.A. 3 Mhz Frequency Counter E.A. & Transformer . RECEIVERS/TRANSMITTERS M50 ETI 1500 Discriminating Metal Locator 454 Fuzz -Sustain less foot switch TE41 E.A. Function Generator G16 ETI 711 Remote Control Transmitter Switch M51 E.A. Light Chaser E.A. Transistor Tester incl. BiPolar & R1 ETI Receiver Voice 1311010 UNITS F.E.T.S. R2 Ell 711R Remote Control M52 E.A. Cylon 441 Noise Generator R3 ETI 711D Remote Control Decoder AT1 ETI Audio 1E44 ETI 591 Upi Down (less a M53 EA. Universal Timer Audio Millivolt Meter R4 ET1 711B Single Control AT2 ETI 128 TEM ETI 550 Digital Dial (less case) includesdr Stop Watch Audio Signal Generator 711C Double Control Meal Locator. 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'81 "hobby 489 Audio Spectrum Analyser Electronics" * Foldback send, effects send 19" rack mount 5 band graphic (comp kit featuring rectangular on masters ONLY $26.50 including all parts $155.00 VU meters Console mount version will be available 330 Current trip car alarm * XL -connectors used. (Inc. LM394 IC) 24.50 SEND SAE FOR MORE INFORMATION P.O.A. 735 UHF convertor 32.50 * 20.50 458 Peak reading level meter 29.60 445 General purpose preamp $7.99 SUPER 80 USERS EA 500MHz FREQUENCY COUNTER KIT 478M.C. Moving coil preamp PLEASE NOTE)! (as used In 5000 preamp) $26.50 This fantastic new SECOND GENERATION frequency counter is 478M,M, Moving mag. preamp We stock "Blue Chip" 0.1uF By- the result of years of expertise in DFM design at EA. The (as above) $19.50 pass capacitors Jaycar - low Inductance 500MHz DFM conforms exactly to the original EA design. EA KITS type for de -glitch of RAM & CPU BEWARE Graphic analyser EA4/81 circuits. The Inductance of ord- OF ADVERTISED KITS THAT DO NOT USE THE 89.00 SPECIFIED DESIGN OR Colour option 25,00 inary ceramics does not guaran- COMPONENTS. THEY MAY HAVE Horwood cabinet to suit above 16.50 tee suppression of fast rise time INFERIOR PERFORMANCE. "Le Gong" EA3/81 13.95 pulses. Blue Chips are used by the P.C. Birdies EA5/81 14.96 STANDARD KIT IN 2 channel pro's but you can use them too MAGNIFICENT PAC-TEC Infra Red remote control because they EA5/81 65.00 aren't expensive!! Sound level meter EA5/81 ONLY 30 cents each BOX 32.00 aEWA Audio oscillator EA6/81 64.50 They measure a tiny 5mm square. Musicolor IV EA8/81 94.50 214381 I Photon torpedo EA9/81 29.50 » -- 50MHz Cassette deck audio test unit POST AND PACKING . Ca s $45.00 Jaycar $5 - $9.99 $1.00 VERSION CLEF string synthesiser $445 $10 $24.99 $2.00 - 500MHz OPTION BOOKWORMS CORNER * $25 - $49.99 $3.00 We stock a great range of brand new Jr $50 - $99.99 $4.00 ONLY $26 EXTRA titles which you won't normally find $100 up $5.50 anywhere else: EXCLUSIVE!! THE JAYCAR KIT USES 1% 50 P.P.M. RESISTORS "Electronic Synthesiser Projects" THROUGHOUT - EVEN WHEN NOT SPECIFIED)! By M, K. Berry. Great book for people who want to learn more about Syn- * * * IONISER KITS * ?F * PLESSEY-FOSTER thesisers. Learn about VCO's, VCF's, HIGH POWER SPEAKERS analogue delay lines, sequencers, COMPLETE STOP PRESS!! We are now envelope shapers etc. Full of circuits - runs directly from 240V mains Based on the short form stockists of the value for and not expensive. Over 80 pages. low power consumption R. measures $6.45 - ION ISE money Foster Hi Fi 110x 180mm. ONLY - produces high intensity - redesigned PCB speak- "VMOS Projects" Power Mosfets & electric field - High efficiency emitter head ers. VMOS devices discussed in great - output around 7.5KV - Fits completely inside a high 12" Woofer 50W nominal detall. Many circuits. Only $7.20 - Will not necessarily produce quality ABS box (not a metal C -300L05 $29.95 "Remote Control Projects" Covers ozone In standard form lid) 8" Woofer 15W nominal infra red, visible light, RF, and ultra- - Ideal for those who wish to - only 2 -core mains flex C200L09 $12.00 sonic controls. Many projects 'try' an ioniser at an protrudes from the box 5%." Midrange 30W nominal described. 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Open Thursday night JUST PLUGS Jaycar until 8pm. lizEt INTO ANY AMPLIFIER AND YOU'RE AWAY!! * Box measures 152 x 80 x 47mm. * As used by WARREN CANN ONLY 380 Sussex St Sydney 2000 of"ULTRAVOX" Ph. 2646688 Telex 72293 * Send $2.00 and SAE for more information. 36.50 IL Mail Orders To: Box K-39 Haymarket 2000 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * >l * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Get your BELOW COST copy of EA and ETI from us - quantities limited!) $1.00 each Lab Notes

01 COMMON POINT OUTPUT R3 240 V LM396 VOUT 50Hz

4 L p LM396 VIN FROM FILTER

CAPACITOR 111 + C2

R2 Figure 7. A13.8 volt 10 ampere power supply.

COMMON POINT The complete circuit can now be built, EARTH incorporating Figures 4 and 5. The circuit diagram of the final 13.8 V 10 A Figure 9. Quasi -parallel regulators power supply is shown in Figure 7. R1 = 120 ohms R2 chosen to set Vo, Component values for R3, R4 = 0.015 ohms Cl = 4µ7 tantalum Figure 7. C2 = 100µF T = 240: 30 CT at 12 amperes. DI = 16F10 DO -4 case. D2 = 16F10 DO -4 case. Resistor R3 is selected to supply a is the large power rating required for CF = 26500 µF 40 VW (ideally, of load current. In this case resistor R3. If V1n - V = 7 volts and R3 capacitors in parallel). portion the a minimum load must always be main- = 2 ohms, the power dissipated by the Cl = 25 µF 16 VW. tained. This prevents the regulated resistor is: C2 = 4µ7 tantalum 16 VW. output from rising uncontrolled. The (7)2 = 24.5 watts R1 = 120 ohms 1% metal film. value of R3 must be greater than: 2 R2 = 1k2 1% metal film. Vm® - ohms with 3.5 A of current passing through it. Reg = LM396 on a 6" 55 or 65D V, heatsink. I min High Current Output in parallel is not = 1.25 (R1 + R2) Placing regulators V, Where: Vm.x is worst case high input voltage. recommended because they may not R1 / 1 is the minimum load current. \ min equally. The regulator = 1.25 (120 + 1200 Power rating must also be considered and R3 must share the current will 120 be rated at a minimum of: with the highest reference voltage \ (Vin - V,,,,,)2 watts highest current up to the = 1.25 x 11 handle the R3 it limits. Therefore, one = 13.75 volts time current This circuit configuration will reduce the regulator may be flat out handling 16 A A highly desirable situation would be regulator power dissipation by a factor while is cool and calm passing to reduce the power dissipated by the the other of 2 to 3, if the minimum load current is be regulator. This can be achieved by only 2 A. Reliability cannot guaran- about 50^,íl of the full load current. supplying part of the output current teed under these conditions because of of regu- around the regulator as shown in Fig- Precautions when using R3 the high junction temperature lator one. ure 8. 1. The power rating of R3 must be However, if load regulation is not 12 increased to (Vma,)2 watts if continu- R3 critical, the regulators may be connected R3 quasi -parallel, as shown in Figure 9. ous output short circuits are at all This circuit will share current to within likely. 1 ampere, and in the worst case 3 VIN 2. short circuit conditions the FROM FILTER Under amperes. However, the payoff is in the CAPACITOR in- overall circuit power dissipation load regulation. It is degraded by 150 (V1n)2 watts. creases by mV at 20 ampere loads compared to R3 20 mV with 10 ampere loads. This LOAD about The regulator and R3 will not be should not cause too much of a problem harmed (if R3 is the correct wattage), in higher voltage power supplies. but the circuit components prior to the I, =I1+12 Acknowledgement regulator (diodes, transformer) must be This article was made possible by the able to withstand the overload condition courtesy of National Semiconductor. Data (i.e: the power rating is sufficient, to and basic circuits were taken from their handle the excess current). publication 'LM196/LM396 10 Amp Moose Figure 8. Reducing regulator power dissipation The only problem with this technique Adjustable Voltage Regulator'.

ET! December 1981 - 49 I

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OPTO -SCALE® u. v Affordable Accuracy from

SGBishopThe o raphics, Inc. ®

Introducing OPTO -SCALE from Bishop Graphics, the first glass linear eliminator assures accuracy to ±0.013mm (.0005")...even on measuring instrument to combine precision accuracy, functional uneven surfaces. Twin, full focusing, 10 power optics and clear, design, hi -tech qualify and unique performance features in one smooth gliding cursors offer the ultimate In sharp, stable viewing of compact unit...all at an easily affordable price. With OPTO -SCALE both your work and OPTO -SCALE'S inch/metric scale pattern. there's no need for guesswork. The 610mm (24") precision scale OPTO -SCALE'S sturdy, attractive, black anodized all aluminum pattern gives you overall accuracy to ±0.013mm (.0005"), with frame Is engineered for easy portability, yet it's heavy enough to an incredible ±0.005mm (.0002") between adjacent lines. stay where you put it. OPTO -SCALE even comes with its own pro- Adaptable to virtually any precision linear measuring need, tective storage container. OPTO -SCALE Is especially useful in the design and manufacture of So, If you want to improve your linear measuring accuracy, without printed circuit boards. From checking the accuracy of master art- destroying your budget, choose OPTO-SCALE...affordable work to the inspection of reproduction negatives and the final accuracy from Bishop Graphics. product, OPTO -SCALE'S ±0,013mm (.0005") accuracy is your FOR THE COMPLETE OPTO -SCALE STORY... assurance of quality results. INCLUDING A FREE OPTO -SCALE Instantly convertible at a glance, the dual aligned inch/metric DEMONSTRATION AND BISHOP TECHNICAL scale pattern Is chrome etched on the underside of OPTO -SCALE'S BULLETIN NO. 1023R, CONTACT YOUR LOCAL thick, stable glass plate. This combined with our unique parallax BISHOP GRAPHICS DEALER TODAY!

A.C.T. NEW SOUTH WALES QUEENSLAND SOUTH AUSTRALIA VICTORIA VICTORIA WESTERN AUSTRALIA GEORGE CIRCUIT L. E. BOUGHEN GRAPHIC CAMDEN ART CENTRE STEWART W. J. MONCRIEFF BROWN COMPONENTS &CO. ELECTRONIC PTY., LTD. ELECTRONIC PTY. LTD. & CO. PTY. LTD. (A/Asia) PTY. LTD. Cnr. Baroona & INDUSTRIES Post Office Box 117 COMPONENTS 176 Wittenoom Street, 23 Whyalla Street P.O. Box 70 Milton Rds. PTY. LTD. 188-200 Gertrude St. PTY. LTD. East Perth W.A. 6000 Fyshwick A.C.T. 383 Forest Road, Milton Old. 4064 41A Rundle Street Victoria 3065 44 Stafford Street, Tel: 325 5722 2609 Bexley N.S.W. 2207 Tel: 36 1277 Kent Town S.A. 4067 Tel: 41-96633 Huntingdale 3166 Telex: AA 93022 Tel: 80 4355 Tel: 59 6550 59 3720 Telex: AA 41500 Tel: 42 6655 Telex: 36077 CAMARTAA Tel: 543 3739 Telex: AA 62128 Telex: AA 27197 Telex: AA 88646 Telex: AA 36908 CIRCOM MERRY XMAS TO ALL OUR CUSTOMERS COMPONENT SPECIALS 1-9 10+ 2708 $5.20 $4.50 FREE!! 2716 $5.20 $4.50 250 pack of 4116 $2.00 $1.80 resistors on $9.00 $8.50 purchase of 2732 over $10 on 2114 $2.00 $1.80 presentation of ELECTRONICS 2114 LP3 $2.50 $2.00 this advertisement 425 High St, Z80 P10 $5.90 $5.25 Save $10 (Normally Northcote. Vic. BUX80 $5.50 $4.90 4t per resistor) Phone (03) 489-8131. Telex 38897

AUDIO ROD'S REAL VALUE 51r10ó11- :you're the SPECIALS greatest, now MIXERS better than eee. ever. .1 .1+tit,. ZX81.'" TRIO CRO'S NOW IN STOCK (rile /or till produce range and price Ilslf e 2 Hi -Low microphone inputs 130 mm DUAL -TRACE 2 MagneticrCeramic phono yT 15 MHz. TRIGGERED SWEEP inputs Also tape and tuner OSCILLOSCOPE Inputs e ? VU meters a Stereo # Personal or mono Independent CUE on TRIO $495 each than s Compact sue. 26 x plus fax computer, 20 x 6 Sane 9V battery oper- Simplified clrcudry improved perform- ation ex1 DC Input $89 socket ance and dependability have been suc- COMPLETE WITH cessfully realised with the use of IC's # throughout MAINS ADAPTOR, LEADS A vertical & BASIC MANUAL PRO Model amplifier provides as wide a bandwidth es DC to 15 MM,, as high a sensotivity as 10 mV/dw, and a low input \ Capacitance -- e A sweep rare extends from 0 5 sec/dis to REGULATORS # 0 5 sac don In 19 ranges Funnel. TV tif_WV, kt vertKel end hortsontal syncs are available 1-9 10-1 1.. * for measuring rodeo signets, and with ds 7805 90c 80c 5 magnified sweep, its range of appli- 7812 ation it silt smelt wide 90c 80c * 7815 90c 80c Very easy X V operator of high input 7818 90c 80c Facilities ter 4 * stereo program input and 2 menthe y for Lissefous n.eesurements 7824 $1.00 90c mic inputs a Built-in low noise preamplifier for DlmenºIonº sr 7905 $1.20 magnetic phonos and low or high impedance 260IW) 190(H) $1.10 365101 mm microphones Professional * Weight 6 Ckg 7912 $1.20 $1.10 stereo slide con- 7915 trols a Headphone circuits to monitor each $1.20 $1.10 input and output Talk swrtch to attenuate 7924 $1.20 $1.10 music volume 14db so mlc's can be used - without readjusting music levels 5 channel stereo graphic equalizer section using separate REED SWITCH 3OC slider controls a Meters monitor the output of AND COIL ,. \ left and right channels rndepeiidentiy NOW THRASHED $189 TO RIBBONS WELLER *************,R RACK MOUNTING 1,1-,' SOLDERING "Selectalott" BOX STATION

With this great little kit you A don't have to bother about transformer powered soldering station, complete with a low vol- thinking up numbers anymore tage, temperature controlled soldering pencil. The Special Weller It features 40 LEDs and tells features a 'closed loop' which controls maximtm tip what temperature, you numbers to choose thereby protecting temperature sensitive Great lot picking a winner components while the grounded tip protects voltage and current sensitive components. $22.50 Features: a quick connectidísconnect plug for the soldering iron extra large wiping sponge a tip tray to store extra Ups 2m flexible from 3 -wire power cord. CYLON VOICE $35 i` Are you sick and tired of that boring voice' Beautiful fashionable sturdy dura- ONLY $58.50 Budd this delightful Imle 11h and imp! ass your ble matt black finish friends with the Cylon Voice 1-4 $39.95 $18.50 5 up $35.00 LCD PANEL Standard 19" (48.3a11) stacking METER KIT RELAY This economical evaluation kit features on -boats `LE GONG' 8-12 V DC operation 225 OHM clock and referenr`e. accuracy guaranteed tt _' col resrstanoe Silver over count over entire! 2000 counts, single reference door bell kit (S.P.O.T.) contacts handle up to voltage for ration nitric operation plus many more important Are you sick of ding-dongs? You don't have to massive 2 amps at 24 V OC or 100 V features. Kit includes PC Board & spend a fortune to near a pleasure sounding AC Monts directly on to PCB e hardware, ND converter, LCD display, resistors, doorbell This great little All does the - lob sin Neel for many applicndno s ' capacitors, wiring diagram, application notes arid oh' and cheaply (pushbutton not nclud ]I data sheet (power supply not included). 1'5 ' 10's 25 SAVE ' $15.00 1 81.50 81.20 81.00 $32.50 YO ORDER: Heavy items sent Comet Freight on,Mall Order phone 481.1436. Wholesale Customers phone: RITRONICS WHOLESALE 489-7099 or 489-1923. Mall Orders to P.O. 235 Northcote 3070. Minimum mall order U. Addd extra for heavy Items and registration, certified mall. Prices, spec. subject to change without notice. VARIAC 91E TRANSFORMERS 120V AC AI 1 2.5 Amps +4 b 10 EA ...,z d íe' .Buy 2 for use on 240V, wiring diag- ° ram incl. standard 10inn pot -hole mtg. open construction, ex -computer and DC MOTORS P g'teed. Others for 2400 from $40.00. 6-12V DECEMBER LARGE SIZE! KEYBOARDS IDEAL FOR TOYS. MODEL BOATS. CARS. HOBBY ETC. price reductions OPERATES FROM 4.5 To 12V. POWERFULL JUNIOR WALKIE-TALKIES 27MHz AND 6/7!S 4 00 - RUGGED, SIZE $3 LEDs IDEAL FOR CAMPING, HIKING. ETC "WY 3mm 47MM DIAM X 60MM Round RED....10` LCD DIGITAL DE -LUXE WATCHES nenp//d99$IOoo COMPLETE IN VHF COUPLERS CREEN..l5# GOLD OR SILVER STYLE /a/éró/.rye SIOSD SLOPEING METAL BOXES YELLOW.150 s49 CLOCKS. WHITE from famous 100-ISOMHz 5mm Round 8" QUARTZ WALL Top quality keyboards n BATTERY OPERATED. GUARANTEED 6/7.v $14 .50 makers. Limited quantity available. GREEN..15 'PORTABLE CLOCK -RADIO, LATEST Standard typewriter layout with a few Novi / YELLOW.15# COMPACT, WITH ALARM! 0/.9 -So $ /5 00 extra keys for your own use. They are "7. assumed to be in good working order, Sx2mm Rect O] RED....20f AM/FM BATTERY/ELECT. RADIO a however no warranty Can be applied. i/9'ec $ 9 .00 !lade GREEN..25# IN LEATHERETTE CARRY -CASE. The PCB includes all necessary elect- InUSA by ronics. no *DE -LUXE MOTORISED CAR AERIAL C Sorry, data available. R1[mDIIB, ort 5 STAGE 1LV NEGATIVE GROUND. 6/915.06.00 over SloO wave le t SOCKETS add 2 dcr ..ee d des. MICA OORLI BY RECORD CLEANING ARM UNIVERSAL THE WHILE YOU PLAYIdg95 2.50 COOLERS or I171,1073 etc, «se LOW PROF/LE CLEANS RECORDS Squirrel STIR or Rf -Cage for saw er, T .7 WAY STEREO SPEAKER SWITCH Ideal for 14A1I11R ARS. 8 or I4P...... 5 for sl WALL -MOUNTED. 1.2.3 PAIRS SPKRS.1R8P S 00 16 PIN 4 for $1 FANS 10' 25W FOSTER BASS SPEAKERS SINGLE OUTLET 18PIN 3 for 51 ROLLED -EDGE SURROUND. QUALITY 1.215^5211/149(2 FACTORY 115V OR 220V AC 24,28P 2 for $1 4CH MONO/2CH STEREO MiXER Very rugged. power full. for $1 HI -IMP UNIVERSAL INPUTS, BATT621-141217 G 40PlN 1 ee-coeputer EARANCe MIXER. VU'S 5CH STEREO DISCO `` Q blowers. $14 $20 Cl PHILLIPS BY TRIMPOTS 2 PHONO. MIKE, TAPE/TUNER, CUE 691 $ 69.00 ELECTRET DESK MICROPHONE FLEX. SHAFT, PUSH TALK SWITCH$IJJOS 2O.00 power - 51391 MICROPHONE FLOOR STANDS $1h2.99á BOICR Of- 115$27.519 of good 2 toms, POPULAR TRI-STAND BASE, ADJUST fdZ7S0 P araI o. supplies r bought á:só!. .perireters- ló RADIOS. SIERIOS for $I i70R.SOVR.2a SCOPE CORDLESS SOLDERING IRON used in PBILLIPS re RECHARGEABLE, 60 WATT Rath NRBO` $5:1".$49o0 ARO IV's etc. Eaa-4S worth apps. ever 764s, SCOPE METAL ETCHING TOOL IDENTIFY OR LABEL TOOLS. ETC.iR/.SP / *EX -COMPUTER ELECTROS. G'TEED PRICES I OUTPUT 1000'S MICROFARADS AT PRICE! %'PS PARTY .500 I2A e 50,000uF..30v..15.00 y 25.000uF..10v..12.00 240 IA 42,000uF,.10v,.12.50 3.150uF..40v..11.00 -24V IA FAN -COOLER STROBE 100.000uF..10v..13.00 21.000uF..40v..14.00 +50 4A C 211351 13 51 150.000uF..10v..14.00 33.000uF,.40v..14.50 IDEAL XMAS = BU126 $1.25 51.000uF..15v..14.00 31.000uF..50v..15.00 ric THIS PRESENT! O BU326 $1.85 39.000uF..20v..14.00 9.400uF,.75v..14.50 SPECIAL OFFER NORMAL PRICE $29.95 y SDT9210 40v l0A 10.000uF.. 5v,.13.00 4.800uF.200v..16.00 SAVE NEARLY 15. 11 A HUGE RANGE AVAILABLE IN OUR Freeze" the action at BC204 (BC5571 5C WE HAVE CAR next STORES. SO ASK FOR YOUR REQUIREMENTS! your party or theatrical show! Eat 2N3054 50 94' $150 Mains operated with a continually AERIALS variable flash rate, housed in an N 80438345v4A.Ó 3101 attractive black vinyl box 150mm PERSONALDSHOPPERSGONLY! STEREO 12V DC to 240V AC POWER USUALLY M INI RELAYS INVERTER OVER S20 AUTO-STOP IA. 240V AC RUNS FRIDGES, TV's, RADIOS I2.99 PLAYERTE HEAVY DUTY LIGHTS, ALMOST ANYTHING! MODEL 4W/Chan 10A CONTACT` REGULATED OUTPUT, $1.49 4 CHANGEOvEk 240V St RMS in 4 ohms 50Hz T 0.5% I2V neg. Great values SPDT 8 15V DPDT 544, INPUT -11-152 DC Ground re orth over 5512.50 O9 DC, 225 700 ones. Mini -Size, OHMS. huge purchase NORMALLY $249. SAVE $40 PCB MOUNTING SA CONTAC O a SPEAKERS enables us to sell for With reversal switch, use Extra, add Take your pick, great value, less than HALF! as a battery charger, 7A 58.95 pair. limited quantities avail. Buy TO., 52.25 output from 240V mains. igh Quality THE MODERN PHONE DIALER 12V DC ROTARY 6V O.S.A. rBATTERIES EASY INSTAL IN MINS SOLENOID speaker DRY -CHARGED .ONLY 3 WIRES 0 0 0 "ade1 STEPPING LEAD-ACIDEAL IVORY COLOUR 0 SWITCH . FULLY ACCUMULATORS $8.99 C'TEED L2 st .LED INDICATOR ALARMS Uri" SINGLE POLE KIT FOR BURGLAR LAST NUMBER 0 0 $1999 SBORIIRG. PORTABLE VIDEO/STEREO MEMORY REDIAL BOXES ONLY EQUIPMENT, TOYS. BIKES, if called number specialists ETC. SIZE 120x130x6OMM. -' 'SWEEPINGS Is engaged These beautiful tangy wood- Dir.cl repla.e...t OFF THE reln finish cabinets used to for rt.ry dial. FACTORY s.44 BATTERY CHARGER be $118.00PR. Row we nerd the Not ~rowed by FLOOR' POWER .99 SPECIAL space for now lines, s.. YOU or SUPPLY to low. c urr..tl,. PRICE! SAYE $301 Notes are alr.ade 6 VOLT DC 2A cut for a 12", S", and 3" speaker co.bination.

FOR MIKE The "wrap is rea ,able, and c ap FM -around" grille 6VEBATTERIESRA E! e- Iterate the superbly -finished boles. Recessed OUANT TYAUST. MADE BY FERGUSON sp..... tr.inals are s.pplid. Add only LIMITED pual D°' ^vendonaT AND FITTED WITH 3 CORE 10 Innarhand ($3 each ba.) rod speeeee. Coral 12" ` \eadal. III OMAINS LEAD. FUSEHOLDER less th GUN speakers at $139.00P0 are ideal. She. 660 . $ AND INDICATOR LIGHT. UA0 . 3DO.a deep. weight, I011pa da,h, "freight to p mppTIti-dMihte\ectret $II.501100 7J METAL CASE 100x70x58MM $21.98 l o oZFR par by road or rail. 569-9797 SHOP: lA WEST ST. SEE THE. HUGE RANGE IN-STORE! LEWISHAM NSW PACK/POST: ADD PRE-PAK MAIL:'P.O. BOX 43. ADS. 10' ORDER VALUE open 7 days electronics CROYDON NSW 2139 YOUYSHOULDNSEEEWHAT'SAINOOURNSHOPS! ó PUNCHBOWL 1190 CANTERBURY RD, Electro PUNCHBOWL, NSW 2196 ¡cs (NEAR ROSELANDS SHOPPING CENTRE) Specialists NOW 2 STORES FOR BIGGER BULK BUYING POWER AND MORE CONVENIENT SHOPPING! DISMT "ES Do-it-yourself SPEA KER Fi 5 BAND Speakers Hi for Cars AM/SW/.4B 8" WOOFER 8. ,AUTO REVERSE /FM/VHF h KITS 25w RATING ;3 Way, 25W 55- RADIO 8 OHMS, 55Hz-18KHz Ni -Fl 5KHZ BATTERY/ sound, wood -grain finish 750 ELECTRIC with black grille cloth. 5" MID -RANGE Boxes are ready-made for Ili ADJUSTABLE SHAY CSI. easy finish SODHz12KHz in 2 hours. .95e v AM1F5 STEREO 5SWTT i/2 PRICE NI Fl pR 3' SPEAKERS KHzWEETER GREAT WAS$59 SAVE ONy- °-tut! $1139 S69, SIB 18KHz Healing WORLD -RANGE Radio Sounding GREAT 4.50 This IS watt/channel (in 4 ohms) AM/FM with an 8" woofer, a 5' with -zone CROSSOVER Stereo Radio/Cassette mounts in -dash time Chart features SQUELCH mid -range and a tweeter with X'overs and 7' Control, Tone and Volume, Push-button Band -change plus wire and NETWORK features AUTO -REVERSE and fast forward Innerbond and screws. Switch and large 800Hz. 5KHz -90 and rewind controls. Usually $179. Slide -Rule Dtal for easy frequency tuning Covers AM 540-1600KHz, SW 4-12MHz, h,B1.6-) MHz, FM 88-108 - SUPER SPECIAL OFFERS -TOO GOOD TO REFUSE! MHz, VHI IO8-174MHz, Mains or Battery Operation. NO.1 IN CAR STEREOS ! CAR SPEAKERS STEREO BOOSTERS - WITH GRAPHIC EQUALIZERS STEREO 3 WAY SPEAKER SYSTEM CASSETTE \CHOICE OF 2, BEST VALUE EVERT f_*f!+...... ;1 The RN one is 2011 4. Ferris 24W+24W 'o HIGYI POWER! was PR. Save AND ILLUMINATED . NvalltV. 865 lit R x2:20 W 4n he LN one is 301I An I.pertd FRONT PANEL 25W:2 0..k tg, LED bar -graph NIGH QUALITY River -Tone ave+bra. PROTECTED SPEAKER OUTPUTS! CED BAR-GRAPX display. AUTO-STOP. $55.00 .Inl sit. s75 $69.50.. LED BAR -GRANT DISPLAYS PIUS FADER CONTROL - III QUALITY $ POPULAR WOofL AM/FM RADIO/AUTO EJECT CASSETTE BOOSTER/ EqualizerE SAVE0 GRAPHIC EQUALIZER Graphic4 -Amplifierp "DOLBY" f MIGX POW[R BOOSTER/EQUALIZER C O $229 O V Watt o WITH DOLBY 5$30 . " $ PUSH-BUTTON ...... 7 9 E.a.rO_b0Op00 ' ' AND WI1VT.}i} _ %-BandSAYE TUNING onLlC1lf3 1 7L 510 DE -LURE RDDEL WITH "DEFEAT. SWITCH ALSO LOCKING FAST FORWARD ENO REREAD, SEPARATE BASS Bo TREBLE CONTR0IS BONUS: 2 HIGH DUALITY CASSETTE 0n -Off Defeat E AND LED OUTPUT POWER INOICATOWS PLUS 7 WAITS OUTPUT PER MIN. IB 4 OARS - UNIVERSAL N-DASX INS ALLATION TAPES WITHI CAR HI -F I PURCHASE! itir,,,,.,,,, rrir,,,".,,,r,,,,.(TS GAAPNIC, GIVES 1200 , and - A 600í, 25014., 500 r, :lat. 4*Ho. BAH:, ISWN,, FREB ROTATING RADIOS m INCREDIBLE TRADE-INS EMERGENCY YES. WE TRADE ANYTHING ON ANYTHING! LIGHT PRICE JUST BRING YOUR TRADE-IN DOWN TO OUR HA 12v DC CAR STEREO STORE IN WEST ST (ALMOST AT THE COR- OPERATION eel NER OF PARRAMATTA RD). AT LEWISHAM $2 5 Mi WITH CAR PORTABLE AND WE'LL TRY TO MAKE YOU AN OFFER CONNEC- AM COMPARE YOU CAN'T REFUSE! TOR CORD. $2.99 WERE CH SERVICE. MODIFICATIONS AND A LARGE $29 ...... - OUR PRICES RANGE OF SPARE PARTS AVAILABLE TOO! 6 TRANSISTOR POCKET before you buy 5 WATT WE HAVE PROBABLY THE HORN RADIOS. WERE $5.99 LARGEST RANGE OF PARTS AND ACCESSORIES IN SYDNEY SPEAKER NOVELTY AM PLUS A HUGE DISPLAY 5' 80HM METAL - - RIGS ETC. INCL. WEATHER-PROOF HORN RADIOS EA transceivers MOST BRANDS. SPEAKER WEREB$5.99 $ 2.99 PRESIDENT $7.99 EACH - ATTERY! GRANT $299.. /91. 59.99 18 Chan a MIN D ELECTRIC INCL. TOP-QUALITY AERIAL AND '",41)015(71-73 CB CRYITAIf lEACH LARGER PORTABLE e¡¡ All and 'teed! BASE, ETC, PLUS SWR METER. new LEAD 1 PAIR m99 "'l RaI OR MANTEL MODEL Optional 40Channel switch avail, $30 extra (fitted)d- TRANSMIT/NEC. LEATHERETT r scoop bey! ver.10 PA IR ,9gCOVERED CnSE S, f 9., 27MHZ $2.50 a Mao Save 42.vo or more EACH $ 8_alTH 1 95 WEATHERPROOF +` Ia0Z- CB PORTABLES CHAN FREQUENCY CHAN FREQUENCY AM -FM ANTENNA AERIAL 4 27.055 15 27.185 MODERN- EA This HEAVY- 5 27.065 16 27.195 STYLED. .99,_ BASES DUTY, FULLY- for all A lion made 141 - - ADJUSTAIILE, 7 27.095 17 27.205 BATTERY aerials - RADIOS WITH\r lion. OPERATED en,.res good ground contact HELICAL T 8 27.105 18 27.225 BAND. 88-108MHz FM r,gq,d and -easy Aerial is the one the j reliable 9 27.115 MARINE 27.880 WERE $17.95. NOW to Instal - oar, beats. OOp 'Truckles" LOVE! Aussie - made for LESS THAN HALF PRICE!' etc. Usually $4.50. diph standard black 11 27.135 MARINE 27.890 bases.Hf post, TRAVELING CLOCK - SPECIAL ONLY $ Q freight only.WAS $23.50. 12 27.155 MARINE 27.900 27.165 MARINE 27.910 RADIO CB HAMRADIO ACCESSORIES i4 27.175 MIKE 1KW TVISHINwa COMMUNICATIONS $6.99 for POWE WERE" ,WERE $19.99 \ is CB FILTER"BIG-GUN" MICROPHON 30% OFF MODEL L.,. 61,4 HAIR TO GENERAL LADIES CLEAR,DE-LUXE.,` LOWT ety .Ith 9 // SAVE $13.00 ,PURPOSE ' CURLING 6iá 1110.99 REPLACEMENT RADIO AND CLOCK FOLD AWAY INTO STR- s17 LOW NOI WANDS NOW ONLYSL ONG LEATHERETTE COVERED CASE WHEN ALL 240v, GREAT XMAS GIFT! .99 NOT IN USE. IDEAL CHRISTMAS PRESENT 40 Chan SWITCH for CYBERNET Sets 516 1190 CANTERBURY RD. TRADING HOURS Fast Mall Orders G.I.S. ELECTRONICS PUNCHBOWL 2196 MON-FRI: 9:OOAM-5:30PM ADD lOz ORDER VALUE 8:30AM-5:OOPM PACK/POST: SYDNEY'S NEW ELECTRONICS CENTRE NEAR ROSELANDS SHOPPING CENTRE SAT: These pages are intended primarily as a source of ideas. As far as reasonably possible all material has been checked for feasibility, component availability etc, but the circuits Ideas in for and tested have not necessarily been built our laboratory. Because of the nature of the information in this section we cannot enter into any correspondence about any of the circuits, nor can we produce constructional Experimenters details.

1k2 8C328

270k 10k j470u

1k2 1N4002 . OA 741 01.12851 «3u K=4 12.6VCT 11N4001 RI IN4002 O O 10k 160R COIL V

SWITCHED OUTPUT

270R 220n 1N4001 circuit provides an inexpensive and trouble -free 'float' switch. It is used to switch, through a 240 V solenoid, a three-phase submerged bore pump P1 A I K P2 feeding an irrigation supply tank. The probe unit is positioned in the tank with P3 240 Vac LED INDICATOR SOLENOID the bottom of PI at the desired 'full' level. Water level sensor in a tank. Three 'sensor' wires are The bore pump does not start until employed: one at the 'high' water level the water level falls below P2 and is not and switch (P1), one at the 'low' water level (P2), switched off again until the water level Here's a novel idea with a practical and one well below the latter (P3) so reaches P1. This ensures that the application, from F.L. Harrison of that it's permanently in the water. supply tank always remains full. The Ardross in West Australia. Here's what it's all about. LED, which is remotely mounted, gives It is a water level sensor that controls Using an inexpensive 741 IC and a a visual indication of when the pump is a pump which maintains the water level relay with two sets of contacts, the running.

ETI-606 SW2 tuning fork mods IC3a IC3b --33 .O OUT 3 2 13 .- With a few slight modifications to 2 the 9 12 ETI-606 Tuning Fork (Nov. 1979) it is 9 V 6 10 possible to use NOTE: the very cheap and ICI IS 40116 plentiful TV colour crystal tuned to 116 IC2 IS 40406 IC3 IS 40138 4.43361875 MHz, according to M.L. IC4 IS 40688 9 IC1.3,4: 4,9V TO PIN 14 Duncan of Greenford, UK. IN OV TO PIN C)-71:71 3 5 The oscillator circuit output is 4 4 12

divided by 2519, giving a frequency of IC2 6 3 13 1760 accurate to one part in 250 000. 7 2 10k 1 The division is done by a 4040 in place of 9 12 /13P the 4020 and the switching giving an 12 11 alternate 'A' 445 13 10 at Hz is eliminated. 111 A 4013 dual flip-flop is added before the output buffer to give further division by two and four. These outputs spectively. The extra cyst of the 4013 is of the circuit. The oscillator is retained, are switched before the buffer to give a offset by eliminating one of the 4011s. using the changed crystal, as is the out- choice of 'A's at 880 and 440 Hz re - The diagram shows the altered parts put circuit from R4 onwards.

54 - December 1981 ETI PRICES\\ AT T SE t. £sT LOOK DIGITAL SENSATION :....WIIIISON SAVE -SAVE SOAR L.C.O. FULLY AUTORANGING 0.0.14's. Three types to choose from WE'VE ' ELECTROTHERMAL MINI -DIP DUAL ME533 ME532 ME531 IN -LINE REED - GONE RELAYS TYPE DCV 1000 1000 1000 Max GR108A2 ACV 600 600 600 Max ` BANANAS Max Specs: DCA 200mA 200mA 10A SEMICONDUCTORS Max SPST 12vdc ACA 200mA 200mA 10A WHOLESALE Max Ir M ARE Cal Resistance, Res: 2Mohms 2Mohms 2Mohms COMP 100+ 1100 ohms JUST Nom. Current, 11mÁ In-built Cont. Cont. PRICES 9c lc Pull -in is Voltage, 8Vdc Buzzer Buzzer 45v 100I° 500 9c Contact rating, 500mA NPN W 37 c Inbuilt Diode BC 5A7 000mÁ 5A 39 c 45v ec 1 A Test BC11 80v 15c ONLY $1 NPN 25wer Bc each 2,365 200mW ec NPN 5'S lc IDc 10+, 90c Price S49.95 S59.95 S79.95 Red LEDs Diode 25c 25mN Zener 30c 100+, BZX96C4VT 35c 25c 80c THE "Sp 7..10 1.5W1 Bc CRAZY CHEAPEST BZX96 169 CRAZY 4.54 ° tot .B 8c CRAZY AND BEST - 12c 2D Diode 15c CLEARANCE D.V.M. IN NEC 120 15W W.Zener 1,80 OF TOP GRADE & AUSTRALIA I.C. 2.50 QUALITY AE CMOS 2.30I2c MINI POT's FULLY 2114 Static RAM 2.50 AllenBradley 450145 1.30 1Kohm Single GUARANTEED 2114 2 50 Turn m a T05 200145 1.80 Transistor Case Fire I 4116 Dynamic 4.00 for $2.00 or 10x 2 0S 4.30.0 35c each tJ 45014S Eprom710.00 i OVERLOAD PROTECTION .. Battery Lite 3001ms approx Full 270B 450NS BOURNES 50Kohms Single Specs available on request 2716 a50NS Turn Cermet Tnmpot 2532 rating °/r' sg. OF BRITISH Fire Ior3386S2 OOSW SHIPMENT or 1 + 35c each. HEW SWITCHES PAY THRU YOUR MADE THUMBWHEEL WHY P AUDIO CLEARANCE SPECIAL for OPOT NOSE 1. w PCB or Solder Spill PUSHBUTTON IMPORT" SWITCHES, Complete LEADS? "DIRECT with RED KNOBS so called \' I about AT A MAO forget PRICE OF ours first ONLY 40c each prices & Check 10 or 10 toa $3.50 EACH 1 Pole VALUE EVERII PRICE xpol2mm BEST Sae 58 WHERE ELSE SCRV110N 5100 Type Moulding BUT AT SHERIDAN's 45 B. Gray PERT MO. DIN , 12mm TO PIN Size 26 ea. A 5 PIN DIN PLUG SOCKET a5 Moulding S2.00 TO N Black 10 plus 5PIN DIN PLUG .70 25 ea. B TOPHONOSOCKET to 9 S2. 160 C 2o3.5 PLUGS R CUPS .B0 Wei type 1 100 plus `S BULL TO SO-CALLED prices 50QPAIR 3.5MM CUPS .75 TYPE D OTO 2 ALLIGATORO EITHER "DIRECT IMPORT" DIN LPLUGUG PLUGS .40 FOR PRICES E 5 PIN TO 4 x 6.SMM AV AILABLE DIN PLUG .50 I END PLATES JUST F 5 PIN A SOCKET - CHECK OURS PLTG2Ofi5MM .25 3.5MM SOCKETS II 0 6.5 PLUG ENDS .50 1 TO BARE PLUG PLUGE 51.00 ARE OVERSTOCKED 3.5MM TO 3.5MM LEAD WE DIN PLUG $1.00 CONNECTORS K 5 PIN COILED AT .40 CAPACITORS . . L STEREO HEADPHONE RCA PLUGS WITH "GIVE-AWAY" UGTO4 20 PRICES M SPIN DIN PLU COST PLUG .20 GO AT BELOW N 3.5MM OUT THEY TOP QUALITY -TOMMPLUGTO2.SMMPLUGF . SO BNC CABLE PLUGS, ADAPTOR RCA AXIAL LEADS S1.50 ea. 3.SE & PKG. PHILIPS POLYESTER 10+ 100+ 10+ S1.35 C ADAPTOR - FOR POST ea. ADD SUFFICIENT 15c 12c PLEASE 4000 .0010 15t 12c 400V .0012' 12c 10c FOR 160V 1Oc HOW RIGHT 01µt I2c TYPE JUST 160 CONNECTORS .012 I3c 11c 160 tic (UK"DEE" or USA DO THEY .027 13c Mftd.) 160 .039 18c 13c 25 pin Plug, $3.90. 400 DO IT? CONTROL .039 IBC 15c 25 pin Socket, $5.50. REMOTE .18 400 IBc 13c Plastic Cover, $3.00, CARS 160 13c or $12.00 complete .33 18c 9 Set SUPER SPEED 68 160 lec Isc choose from 15 pin Plulng, to .82 160 Socket & Cover, $8.00. 2 models 2800 37 pin Plug, MODEL RADIAL TYPES 25c 22c Socket & Cover, $15.00 MUSTANG 450SLC ES0 Blue Cap MODEL .01 20c l8c MERCEDES res 100 Red Cap these utsta CKWARDng .19 30c 25c 11 Functions AEE ~print Each has 400 12c Fwith - .1 15c ORWARD Ceramic SPEED - HEADLIGHT 500 Disc _VARIABLE RIGHT Ol 25c 22t LEFT TURN - Disc Ceramic Welcome here STOP - RIGHT 470p1 3kV r -TH INDICATOR LIGHT - Union Carbide LIGHT - LEFT 15O0 6V S2 S1.80 - TAIL Tantalum CAR HORN Solid MORE SANGAMO INDICATOR LIGHT - Mica 400V 19. Silver COMPUTER GRADE 453pt lec 15c THIS & (ITT) ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITORS. ALL THE BEST THERE IS ONLY WE'RE LOSING AT THE CHEAPEST PRICE. (SOB -SOB) SO PLEASE OUT Cap. ira. Volts Ole win Neigh! mm Price POP NOT FORGET TO ADD 4,200 100 35 25 58.50 1.00 10,000 25 50 I10 08.00 1.25 POSTAL CHARGES -TA.!! 9,100 80 50 110 58.50 1.25

164-166 REDFERN ST, REDFERN, NSW 2016 SHERIDAN ELECTRONICS TELE: 699 5922/699 6912. P.O. BOX 156, REDFERN Why build from a kit? For the best reason: you'll save a fortune! You supply the labour, instead of paying for a production e line (and the Managing Director's Ferrari). You can save 50% and more by building it yourself. Can I do it? Let's answer that one by asking you a question: can / r you read and follow simple instructions? If the answer is yes, then you can build our kits: most come with our exclusive step-by-step instructions. You can't go wrong! Dick Smith's money -back offer. We're confident you'll be delighted with our kits. But if you're not (for any reason at all - even the iro fact that you might think construction is beyond build a you) you can return any kit to us in original condition and packaging (that is, before construction has commenced) and we'll refund your purchase DICK SMITH KIT price in full What could be fairer than that? Exclusive `Sorry Dick they look so good It Doesn't Work' your friends will Guarantee. never believe On our major kits, we even include a repair as. service, if for some reason you kit fails to work, we will diagnose the faults and you built repair them for a lower than normal fixed service fee. This includes any parts you may have damaged during them! 1 assembly. So you cannot fail with a Dick Smith J11 Kit!

OUP $350 MOS ? PAY POPDLAR DON'T T KIT! C BO URSELF YOURSELFO PLAYMASTER STEREO ,MOSFET AMPLIFIER meters to help you pull in those weak stations. FM stereo is indicated by an LED. The completed unit is This 'Top of the Line' amplifier with huge 50W per designed to complement the Equaliser. channel output, has everything you'll ever need in an amplifier. Features include: LED indicated input, Loudness control, Muting control, Full speaker switching facility, Stereo/Mono switching, Tape l monitor switch. And with Its professionally designed front panel, this amplifier looks as good as it sounds! Complete with comprehensive instructions. $9950 Cat K-3500

: -' . Cat. K-3494 $145 300 WATT AMPLIFIER 4. MODULE This kit has the scope for boosting the output of your existing sound system. One module produces 300W PLAYMASTER RMS Into 4 ohms or two modules give you 600W RMS continuous power. These kits are easily suited K-3515 STEREO GRAPHIC Cat. $132 for mounting in the standard rack mounting case EQUALIZER either singely, or in pairs. You will require a trans- former (Cat M-0150) and one or two heatsinks, PLAYMASTER AM/FM This unit gives you the tonal flexibility and control of a depending on light or heavy use (Cat H-3426). professional equalizer in a kit. With cut and boost of Complete with all other components and instructions. TUNER KIT up to 13dB per section, you can use it to make up for This tuner combines a digital readout AM/FM audio deficiencies in your listening area, or even stereo receiver with a quartz controlled digital create special effects. Look at these specifications: MORE clock. The kit comes with a fully built, tested and Frequency Response: EQ OUT: flat, EQ IN, 10Hz to aligned tuner module. With the tuner off, the unit 10kHz: Distortion (wrt 1Vrms): @ 100Hz: 93dB, @ QUALITY becomes a digital clock with an easy to read LED 1kHz: 74dB, @ 10kHz: 55dB. This equalizer is display. This same display Indicates the received designed to complement the Playmaster Mk II DICK SMITH frequency in either AM or FM mode when the tuner Amplifier and the Playmaster Tuner with the same is in use. Also included are Signal and Tuning. brushed aluminium front paneL KITS

you POWER SUPPLY Full PCB and component kit for one (K-3442) or Everything two (K-3440) modules. Supplied complete with need ís supplied speaker de -thump relay and Zener regulated pre - i nuts Et amp rails. Assembly instructions supplied. NOTE: Transformer extra. bolts

u ..... _._ ._ $715° Cat. K-3145 .#4t' , 1-me..see,. ^- . DISCO -STROBE This includes a special printed circuit board, with Cat. K-3438 '1995 provision for a second tube if required. Also includes a 180mm photographic type reflector, which is specially modified so that the perspex safety guard which is supplied, can easily be fitted. Special new instructions are also supplied. A timing control MIXER PREAMP allows flash rate to be varied between one and twenty flashes per second. This is the ideal mixer, adaptable for your require- ments. Designed to suit the 300W amplifier kit, this Cat K-3444 $72 mixer preamp provides 4 inputs, the input amplif- iers having an input of 100K which is suitable for most microphones, uitars, etc. It is also suitable for use with the 50W (K-3440) and 100W (K-3442) 100 WATT AMPLIFIER power amp modules. This unit also provides bass, MODULE treble and presence controls plus a master volume with all components and The ultimate in simplicity, even the power transistors control. Comes complete mount on the one printed circuit board. PCB heatsink instructions. bracket is supplied with the silkscreen overlay on our fibreglass heavy duty PCB. This design is based on mains wiring are OFF 3'st the ETI 422 power amplifier but without the power NOTE: Power transformer, case and not á supplied so that the unit can be mounted to suit individual transistor wiring hassles. Features on -board fuse applications. sPEpEGoss- protection and input sensitivity. To be used with power supply (Cat K-3438). $265° Cat K-3152 ' O t !`,, ELECTROCHUNE The Electrochune is a keyless monophonic organ b and uses the circuitry of a synthesizer to give -: variable attack/decay times, tremolo and square/ - sine wave output mixing. It even has a built-in amplifier and speaker with separate volume con- trol. Complete with plugpack and full instructions. $295° Cat. K-3035

Cat K-3442 $25 MUSICOLOR IV A new design that combines all the features of Musicolor Ill and Light Chaser plus much more. 50 WATT AMPLIFIER Chaser plus 4 chase patterns plus automatic and r,' Ta . reverse modes for startling effects. 4 channel Music - 9a..r MODULE olor adds a new dimension to sound - lightf Built- rr Same design, same simplicity as the 100W Amplifier in microphone allows any sound to trigger the . Module with the added economy of two units able to Musicolor. Comes with sturdy chassis, and exclusive be run from one power supply (Cat K-3438). The Dick Smith front panel with LED display. Detailed compact design makes this module an obvious step by step instructions are supplied. r/ choice for a medium power, general purpose amplifier. Supplied with instruction booklet and fibreglass PCB with slikscreened component overlay for easy assembly. lieatsink bracket is supplied, heatsink is extra. '699° Cat K-3506 ii J _`-- G G TV MASTHEAD AMPLIFIER Improve your TV reception with this easy -to -build kit Cut out 'snow effect' in low signal areas and reduce $915° 'ghosting' caused by multiple signals or signal pickup Cat. K-3143 from feeder cabling. Also works well in picking up distant stations. This kit is power by the 12V power LIGHT CHASER MORE This chaser design not only makes the lights chase each other, it can also invert the action and make QUALITY the 'shadows' chase each other. Or it can reverse the direction. Or invert and reverse automatically, and DICK SMITH '1995 you can vary the flash rate to suit the particular Cat K-3440 . application. KITS Ideas for Experimenters

Simple timer via the 33k resistor and the base of the transistor. When the voltage across the This simple little timer features a capacitor gets down to half a volt or so minimum of components, most of which the transistor base will no longer be can be found in any well -stocked hobby- forward biased, collector current will ist's junkbox, and you can fudge a cease and the relay will drop out. The variety of delays by trial and error capacitor will continue to discharge via substitution of components. The idea the 47k resistor. comes from David Hughes of With the values shown, the relay will Howrah, Tasmania. remain operated for about eight seconds It works as follows. When you press or so. It is advisable to use either S1 (an ordinary pushbutton) the 100u a tantalum or a low leakage (RBLL) electrolytic capacitor rapidly charges electrolytic capacitor. up. When it gets to about 0.7 V the You can fudge things a little to obtain You can get quite long times with transistor will be forward biased and increased times by simply increasing lower values of capacitance by substi- collector current will flow, in turn the value of the electrolytic capacitor. tuting a Darlington pair for the BC182. operating the relay. When you release Decreasing the value will shorten the In this case you can increase the two Sl, the capacitor will begin to discharge period. resistor values into the megohm range.

+ POWER LEAD OF PLUGPACK

560 pf COAX INPUT -- The circuit was built on a tiny piece of Veroboard and put in a small plastic box on hand. The plugpack used with the ZX80 supplied the power. In keeping with a personal policy of minimal changes to commercial hardware, the only internal change to the ZX80 itself - POWER LEAD Of PLUGPACK was tacking the 560 pF capacitor on the video lead into the on -board modulator. Video buffer for the ZX80 The free end was proteced with sleeving When J.L. Elkhorne of Chigwell, Nothing critical exists in the circuit; and protrudes out the back slot by the Tasmania, became the proud possessor all values were determined empirically. card edge connector. of a brand new ZX80, he didn't want to Transistor type substitutions could The centre conductor of a length of disturb the family's TV viewing by probably be made without problems. miniature coax clips onto the capacitor. commandeering the TV set as the The bias for the BC108 is provided by The flex of the plugpack was cut and the ZX80's VDU. Having a 230 mm (9") the dc coupling to the source' of the buffer board used to reconnect it, thus monochrome monitor on hand, the 2N5245. In the prototype, the drop deriving power for nothing. A BNC circuit here was developed to press it across the 4k7 resistor was about two connector mounted on the plastic box into service. volts. completed this small project.

Solid state audio switch + SUPPLY The purpose of this circuit is to switch off a music source (from a tape amp in this case) and turn on a 03 04 microphone. BD139 G.B. Wolfe of Bombala, NSW, wanted 80139 to do it electronically, without messy, intervening cables, and this is how he 01 02 TO MIC. SUPPLY BC 548 BC548 did it. TO TAPE AMP. SUPPLY The pushbutton on the microphone stand is pressed into service to operate the solid-state switch. When operated (i.e: when you want to switch the music b off and switch the mic in), the push- button shorts the base of Q1 to 0 V. Q1 PUSHBUTTON turns off and Q2 turns on. This turns Q4 provides positive supply to the mic source will be operating. off, and as it is in series with the positive preamp. This way, there is no need to alter the supply rail to the music source (tape When the pushbutton is open, Ql is signal circuits and the only change amp), then the music source turns off. biased on and Q2/Q3 biased off. Thus required is to the supply rails; control is At the same time, Q3 turns on and only Q4 will be biased on and the music by a single -pair lead. 58 - December 1981 ETI you need to to compare two waveforms, the dual trace CRO is the best answer. Bandwidth is DC to 245° 1MHz, AC 10Hz to 1 MHz and Input Impedance is Cat K-3240 100k shunted with 30pF. SPEED SENTRY Speed Sentry is an aid to better driving. An alarm will sound (or switch a warning light) when a preset speed is reached. Trigger speed is set by the driver, or at the flick of a switch, a pre-set speed may be monitored. supply, which is included. Also ideal as an FM radio booster too. Instructions included.

$5950 Cat. K-3065 DRILL SPEED CONTROL This unit enables your drill to be slowed down to drill large holes in metal or even to be used as a screwdriver. Circuitry gives good torque at very low $3350 Suitable for most 240V 'universal' brush - Cat K-3232 speeds. type motors, up to 3A rating. The kit is supplied complete, down to the last nut and bolt, and that includes the mains cord/plug and output socket TRANSISTOR TESTER Assembly instructions provided. Cat. K-3245 1275 Not just another Transistor Tester! This one tests bipolar transistors, F.E.T.s, diodes and even S.C.R.s and P.U.T.s. This practical, low cost test Instrument is simple enough to be built by a beginner and then irovide him with a valuable piece of test equipment deal for the beginner and serviceman alike. Battery ALARM operated and supplied with one of our large 50mm CAR This alarm works on the principle of detecting meters in a 'Zippy' box with a deluxe front panel. voltage drop anywhere in the vehicle's electrical system caused, for example, by the interior light coming on when a door Is opened, the brake pedal pressing to energise the stop lights, starting the Cat. K-3080 ti 1395 engine, turning the headlights on, etc. It is very easy to o E install as it simply connects to a point which Is normally 'live' at all times e.g clock or starter METAL DETECTOR solenoid. Facility is also provided for the alarm to be An induction balance detector which is the equiv- triggered if an external triggering point is earthed, 7 3' alent of detectors that cost hundreds of dollars. All such as the bonnet or boot opening, detection byway electronic components, meter, box, coil wire etc. is of a mercury tilt switch. This alarm includes an LED supplied, all you supply ís some dowel for the shaft which flashes once per second when the alarm is set and a former for the coil and you're ready to find your fortune! t Cat. K-3052 1975 TV CRO ADAPTOR This TV CRO Adaptor is an economical alternative to a conventional CRO. It converts any standard TV set into a large screen oscilloscope with a frequency response from 10Hz to 300kHz with a sensitivity of 100mV RMS for full screen deflection. Gives a good >%t display at low frequencies which makes it ideal for all audio and Hi -Fi applications. This adaptor could also be used as a dramatic display for large audiences such as universities, schools, etc., or even a monitor for stereo systems. 285° 365° Cat. K-3253 Cat. K-3100 - . LED TACHOMETER KIT This kit enables you to get the best from your ca?s .o. .o",, b, engine. Displays engine speed in analogue form in an CAPACITOR DISCHARGE illuminated row of LEDS. This form of display indicates your engines performance at a glance. IGNITION KIT 5+. Used with 12V positive or negative earthed systems All cars with conventional 'Kettering' ignition and only 3 connections are required for installation. systems can be fitted with this simple, easy -to -build ., SP,fr OFFP Complete instructions supplied. kit. The kind of results you can expect from using this kit are: Plugs and points last up to 10 times I longer, engine stays in tune much longer, vehicle is k- much easier to start, even on cold, wet mornings. It to" also simply disconnects back to your standard rl ' ignition. Cat K-3060 2395 '."111111. . ít .t _,: MORE DUAL TRACE QUALITY CRO SWITCH Convert your single trace oscilloscope to a dual DICK SMITH trace with this money saver. Dual trace CROS have uses in almost every application. In fact, whenever KITS H Ca) ELECTRONICS for JAPANESE ICs & TRANSISTORS PRICE SANTA REDUCTIONS NEC Because of WILL PUT YOU economies of ' IN THE production PICTURE and favourable exchange rates, Electromark has been able to reduce prices Electrocraft wish their many by 15% to 30% over the customers - and readers - whole range of amplifier .a "Happy Christmas" and a modules. Write enclosing SANKEN peaceful "New Year". We pro- 450 postage for data vide an aerial supply service sheets and new price list. second to none, with the OKI largest range of antenna Standard with Heatsinks accessories in Australia. Our range BIPOLAR Without Heatsinks (P) of aerials, amplifiers and fittings is both compre- MODEL OUTPUT DISTORTION SUPPLY hensive and unique: Aerials NUM- POWER TNB IMD VOLT- BER WATTS TYP 60HZ/ TAGE from $14.00 to $198.00. RMS at 1kHz 7kHz TYP/ When recording video or 4:1 MAX TOSHIBA sound tapes (FM -AM or TV), HY30 15w/4.89 0.015% <0.006% ± 18 the performance is largely ±20 HY60 30w/4.89 0.015% <0.006% ±25 dependant on the level and ± 30 quality of the signal being fed 60w/4.812 0.0Pí, <0.006% HY 120P t 40 into the tuner or video

120w/4.80 0.01 % <0.006% cassette. You could be HY200P ± 50 plagued with the same bugs, 240w14. 2 0.01% <0.006% HY400P HITACHI (ghosting -snow -poor sound) HEAVY DUTY that you encounter with TV reception. Regardless of how 60w14.812 0.01% 0.006% much HD 2pOP t4í you spend on your video HD200 120w/4.8!í 0.01% ±45 cassette or FM and AM HD200P 0.006% ± tuner, 50 your equipment will only per- 240w/4.11 0.01/. 0.006% HD40P ±50 form as well as your aerial system will allow. However, a MOSFET -1., SANYO good antenna installation will MOS120 ±45 60w/4.851 , 0.005% 0.006% 1 MOS120P ±50 rectify these problems and let 120w/4.8Sí 0.005% MITSUBISHI the tuner or video MOS200P 0.006% cassette

e II prove how good they be. It 0.005% can MOS400P 240w/4. 0.006% + I4

FP480. BRIDGING UNIT FOR We at Electrocraft are j r F \ DOUBLING POWER TYT'n specialist with 30 years in Designed specially by I.L.P. for use with any two the antenna power amplifiers of the same type to double the MATSUSHITA business. power output obtained and will function with ..J any I.L.P. power supply In totally sealed case, FREE VERBAL advice given. size 45 X 50 X 20 mm with edge connector. It thus becomes possible `i to obtain 480 watts rms ' Phone: (02) 4308 (single channel) Into 8 ohm. Contributory distor- \` 438 tion less than 0.005%. FUJITSU (02) 438 3266 POWER SUPPLY UNITS AND Send for price list TOROIDAL TRANSFORMERS Hours ALSO AVAILABLE 8 am to 5 pm Monday Friday. ELECTROMARK - PTY. LTD. PTY. LTD. 40 Barry Avenue, 167 Roden St., West Melbourne, ELECTROCRAFT Mortdale, NSW 2223 Victoria 3003 68 WHITING ST. ARTARMON 2064 Phone: (03) 329 5433 Telex AA37753 60 - December 1981 ETI of the finished unit. 'Simple power quality supply requirement of 10V -16V or DC at 50mA. $495° top Cat K-3436 Only comp LEDS AND LADDERS 1 Based on the old 'Snakes and Ladders' game, we've used replaced snakes with LEDs! This kit has been updated with new circuitry and simplified controls so the whole family can enjoy playing. Complete kit includes front panel sticker and 'zippy' box.

:. '. Cat. K-3370 $1495 INFRARED LIGHT BEAM RELAY This light beam trigger uses an invisible beam of light $3350 which makes It ideal for burglar alarms, photographic Cat. K-3280 triggering, etc. Depending on conditions, this unit has a range of up to 5m and there are no lenses to adjust Battery power gives the unit around 50 hours of CORE BALANCE RELAY continuous operation. PpP This kit could save your life and protect your equipment. The Core Balance Relay electronically earth fault and then trips a relay detects currents Cat. K-3390 $1650 which cuts the power. The relay cannot be reset until the fault has been corrected. Designed to run to 240V, this unit is portable and built Into a tough moulded plastic case. Comes complete with special LOTTO/POOLS front label. SELECTOR This miniature electronic marvel could help you to your first million! Push button, with large LED display makes it easy. Supplied with an attractive front label. Good luck! I' a..' $3850 , Cat K-3375 2 CHANNEL INFRARED REMOTE CONTROL a Cat K-3315 $52 . An inexpensive 2 channel remote control with range of 20m and will control 2 appliances indepen- dently. Use It to control your alarms, stereo, radio, in ION fact just about anything you can think of. The NEGATIVE transmitter is battery powered and enclosed in a GENERATOR small 'zippy' box whilst the receiver is mains powered metal instrument case You've heard about Negative Ion Generators and and housed in a handsome their benefits, now you can buy the kit and build one (undrilled). yourself. This kit runs on 12V which means that it may be used in your car, as well as making it safer to emitter , use. Also includes exclusive Dick Smith . . Cat. K-3392 $1995 moulded plastic case. head, power pack and tough , Full instructions supplied. oC *' I .,-- - DIGITAL FREQUENCY/ PERIOD COUNTER (500MHz with optional prescaler) Not only a fre- quency meter, but also a period counter foraccurate high resolution, low frequency measurements. Based on a design by Electronics Australia DEC 81, this Cat. K-3380 $6595 professional class instrument rivals the features of fully built up units many times the price. DIGITAL CLOCK/ ,SPFE THERMOMETER This kit gives you all the features of a digital alarm r..aemot; ew...:. clock as well as a digital thermometer. The thermom- eter will display in either Fahrenheit or Celsius and r $3850 the clock will even turn your radio on for you. Fitted ell Cat. K-3335 with an alarm (speaker Included) and snooze button, the clock is mains powered with battery back-up. No case is included with this kit LED LEVEL METER This unit will display the sum of the peak channel MORE output voltages (power), or use two for separate stereo readouts. Readout power level is displayed .. QUALITY by 10 green light emitting diodes, one yellow indicating maximum power and red for overload. SMITH Full solid-state circuitry, all components mount on a DICK small printed circuit board with the display con veniently attached at right angles for easy mounting KITS ETI-660 Learners' Micro This already popular project is stocked in kit form by the following firms (so far as we can determine at time of going to `I I press): In Sydney, Electronic Agencies and J.R. Components (mail order - P.O. Box 128 Eastwood NSW 2122); All Electronic Components and Rod Irving Electronics in Melbourne THIS PAGE is So far as we are aware, plus Kit Parts to assist readers in the All Electronic (Aust) mail order (Private continual for Components and Rod Irving Bag, Noosa search components, kits Electronics Heads Qld 4567). and printed circuit boards for ETI in Melbourne will be stocking kits. projects. If you are looking for a part- LM394s ETI-159 10-15 V meter icular component or project - check This dual -transistor IC has been with our advertisers if it is not This project also uses commonly - specified for the ETI-329 Vehicle mentioned here. available components and constructors Ammeter (Feb.), ETI-330 Car Alarm should have little ETI-824/825 slot car difficulty obtaining (July) and ETI-478MC preamp (Sept.) parts. The pc board has been designed so from our Series 5000 Stereo Control controllers that it can be secured to the connecting Preamp. Earlier in the year, supplies As these units use common components terminals on the rear of any of the were plentiful. Wouldn't you know it - in general, you should experience little common panel meters so you can use a LM394s are now scarcer than the difficulty in obtaining parts. The 723 meter of your choice. proverbial hen's teeth. National Semi- regulator used in the ETI-824 is a stock Multiturn trimpots are reasonably conductor in the US advise they item almost everywhere. The same goes common, so you should be able to locate currently have a manufacturing for the semiconductors in the ETI-825. the right ones for this project without problem and are quoting lead times in We have not produced panel artwork for too much difficulty. excess of three months. Sorry folks, but as we either project expect most con- ETI-685 2650 S100 computer this is a problem over which we have no structors will house the projects to suit This project is stocked as a complete kit control, nor could we reasonably forsee their own requirements, thus Scotchcal by Applied Technology ($209). They are it. We are investigating possible panels will not be available. also able to supply the pc board, 82S123 alternatives and will keep you posted. We used different cases on the two ROM and a manual for $80. This is for If you're in desperate straits, try Dick ETI-825 prototypes. That shown on the those constructors with an Smith's store at Coburg in Melbourne front existing or cover employs an Amtex case, type 2650 system who wish to go S100 or Altronics in Perth. Then again, you Amtex 20. These are distributed by those with most of the chips on hand. If could try LM194s the mil -spec. P.O. - Amtex, Box 285 Chatswood 2067, you want to make your own pc board version ... at around ten times the (02)411-1323. According to Amtex, (which we don't recommend) patterns price, and you may have to buy Radio a Despatch Service and David Reid are available from us as detailed in the minimum quantity. Ask a National Electronics in Sydney have stocked this article but you'll have to work out Semiconductors distributor. case, so check them if you can't find it - your own ROM software. Multibug and LM396 regulators locally. The other case we used is a Vero Binbug monitor ROMs are also avail- These aren't your 'bog standard' case having a sloping front panel and able through Applied Technology. measuring 220 mm wide by 155 mm regulator ... yet, but the following deep by 100 mm high. It comes in two ETI-158 Low Ohms Meter shops should be able to sell you the odd parts - one light grey, the other dark Constructors looking for kit suppliers of one: grey. These are available from War- this project, published last month, Radio Despatch Service burton Franki outlets. 869 George St should try the following firms: In Sydney Slot cars? See your local NSW 2000 toy store, Melbourne, All Electronic Components Radio Parts department store, newsagent or hobby and Rod Irving Electronics. In Sydney, 1103 Dandenong Rd shop! You can even find them at the Electronic Agencies. Note that Radio East Malvern Vic. 3145 local markets (we $15 bought several Despatch Service is able to supply all Tasman Electronics sets from a stall at Paddy's Market in the parts, including the Scotchcal panel 12 Victoria St Sydney). and meter scale. Coburg Vic. 3058 FAIRLIGHT IS EXPANDING exciting career opportunities available Fairlight Instruments, designer of the world Remuneration is negotiable and in line with renowned Computer Musical Instrument, is current industry trends. You'll be working in a looking for talented, enthusiastic people to join pleasant, informal environment located at our software and hardware development team. Rushcutters Bay (near Kings Cross). you If would like to be part of an energetic To arrange a confidential interview, 'phone company involved in a wide range of Mrs Tanner on (02) 335222 during microcomputer products, give us a call. business hours.

62 - December 1981 ETI so ing a little over 1W rms. The kit comes complete Our kits look with a sturdy metal Instrument case (undrilled), transformer and all the parts and instructions you good your need, plus a self-adhesive front label for that profes- sional finishing touch. - friends won't believe you built them -

Cat. K-3439 $9950 $1995Cat. Case extra. H-2505 $475 UNIVERSAL TIMER/ Cat K-3462 .r STOPWATCH All-purpose counter that can be used as a stopwatch, countdown timer or event timer. Large, bright 4 digit LOW DISTORTION Cat. K-3478 $46 LED display and selectable timing rates between AUDIO 0.01 and 1.0 secs make this timer ideal for sporting OSCILLATOR events or even darkrooms, wherever keeping accurate This Audio Oscillator uses the characteristic low 6 DIGIT 12V CLOCK time is important Wiring the unit for any of seven noise of a VMOS device to give an ultra -low distortion different functions is also possible. output. All the components mount on a single This extremely easy -to -build clock kit ideal for cars, printed circuit board and construction is very straight- boats, aircraft, etc. Bright red LED digital readout, forward. This kit comes in a sturdy chassis with black large 8mm high, and chronometer accuracy, quartz perspex front panel, silkscreened with white lettering. crystal controlled, this is the only clock kit with LED power indicator also acts as a dial marker. seconds display. This kit operates from any 9-19V DC source; use a simple power supply or plug pack for 240V DC operation. Highly detailed instructions included.

Power supply to suit (Cat M-9514) `J 4.41..41 ,mot

Cat K-3467 $67 Cat K-3435 IVNI SHORT WAVE ANTENNA KIT AMP Get the best possible reception from your shortwave STEREO BOOSTER receiver with this kit. Specially designed for Dick An easy -to -build kit which can economically up- Smith by an expert in short wave receivers. This kit grade the power of your car's stereo radio or comes complete and ready to build and needs no cassette to 12.5W RMS per channel. Fitted with a soldering. $1975 bypass switch for comparison purposes and works Cat. K-3495 with all negative earth electrical systems. Not Illustrated $995 Cat. K-3490 AUTOCHIME Autochime is an electronic door chime kit based on the latest microprocessor technology. An exclusive design, this unit plays one of 24 different tunes SOUND LEVEL METER every time you press the front door button. Perhaps This unit will measure noise in its many forms. you like one tune in particular, this is also possible. Measures levels of less than 20dB to levels greater This kit contains all parts necessary to built the than 120dB with fast or slow response times. This project allows you to measure peak or average levels. A large VU meter gives easy readings and the meter range is NOTE: Front panel is supplied undnlled. selectable in 9 steps. The kit is mounted in a 'zippy' $2950 box and is battery powered. Cat. K-3493

13.8V 6 AMP PEAK POWER SUPPLY 5 Amps continuous and 6 Amps peak (depending on heatsinks used). This kit includes the M-2000 heavy duty transformer, circuit board and electronic components. This kit does not Include case or heatsinks. Not Illustrated $3550 Cat. K-3449 $3550 Cat. K-3502 $31 Cat K-3476 MORE VIDEO MODULATOR KIT BENCHMATE QUALITY This RF Modulator Kit uses only one transistor. The A handy piece of equipment for the test bench. The unit is enclosed in a small tinplate box to minimise Benchmate is a regulated power supply, variable DICK SMITH radiation and all components are mounted on a small between 1.25V and 16V at currents of up to 1A. It printed circuit board. A simple and very useful kit also doubles as a audio amplifier capable of deliver- KITS The project you've been waiting for...

The Dick Smith/Electronics Australia SUPER 80 COMPUTER KIT build - It - yoursélf computer

Imagine telling your friends that you actually built your own computer! ..... ae. Now you can with this superb new kit. Not only do you end up with a powerful working computer, you learn so much I r- about computer technology and operation while you are building it. It's the ideal way to start learning about this fascinating branch of electronics. Features: Full size professional keyboard

Supplied on board memory of 16K, expansion to 48K RAM. All components on board except power Supplied with re -print of EA article. transformer Combined large Assembly & Technical Budget tape 'BASIC' or optional manual B-3600 $12.50. EPROM BASIC 'Super Basic Reference Manual B-3602 S-100 expansion system for add - ons $14.50 Cassette Interface on board Options: Transformer M-2325 $23.00 BASIC KIT $ BASIC interpreter on tape K-3602 $24.50 2 Video Modulator on board (works IC socket set (recommended) ONLY with any TV set) K-3603 $12.50 K-3600 BASIC in Eprom K-3604 $99.50 PLAYMASTER SPEAKER KITS Dick Smith offers you 3 systems to suit your needs, all are acoustically designed by Neville Williams, M.I.R.E.E. (Aust), Editor -in -chief of .- 00:004 Electronics Australia magazine and manufactured under meticulous Pp. qualtiy control to the exact Electronics p s SO Australia specifications. Three high -quality speakers (woofer, midrange, tweeter) In each 600'5 enclosure. Beautiful speaker cabinets feature wipe clean vinyl finish - authentic timber appearance. Full instructions make it easy - your friends will never believe you built them. Wiring harness comes complete with clip -on connections - no soldering required. Super value - save hundreds of dollars on speaker systems of equivalent performance. SPECIAL OFFER: ONE THIRD OFF! uumm mm uumm NORMALLY NORMALLY NORMALLY SPEAKER $89.50 SPEAKER $149.00 SPEAKER $175.00 KIT C2046 KIT c-2044 KIT C-2042 BOX KIT BOX KIT BOX KIT C-2626 C-2624 $115.00 C-2622 $139.00 SPECIAL $82.00 OFFER TOTAL: $171.50 TOTAL: $264.00 TOTAL: $314.00 CLOSES NOW NOW NOW ALL KIT PRICES PER PAIR 31st DEC. $114.33 $176.00 $209.33

NSW 145 Parrnman Rd AUBURN 648 0558 ACT 96 Gladstone St FYSHWICK 80 4944 T56 Terrace Level BANKSTOWN SO OLD 166 Logan Rd BURANDA 391 6233 613 Prince, Hwy BLAKEHURST 546 7744 642 Gvwpia Rd CNERMSIDE 59 6255 818 George St BROADWAY 211 3777 SA 60 Wrtght St ADELAIDE 212 1962 531 Phtweter Rd BROOKVALE 93 0441 Cnr Main 5th Rd b DICK 147 Hume Hwy SMITH CHULLORA 642 8922 Flagstaff Rd DARLINGTON 298 8977 162 Pacific Hwy GORE HILL 439 5311 435 Main North Rd ENFIELD 260 6088 396 Lens Coy* Rd NORTH RYDE B86 3200 VIC 399 Lonsdale St MELBOURNE 67 9834 30 Grose St PARRAMATTA 683 1133 260 Sydney Rd COBURG 383 4455 Electronics 125 York St SYDNEY 290 3377 656 Bridge Rd RICHMOND 428 1614 173 Maitland Rd TIGHES HILL 81 1896 Dandenong SHOPS Cnr b OPEN 9AM to 5.30PM 263 Kowa St WOLLONGONG 28 3800 SPrrngyale Rd. SPRINGVALE 547 0522 (Saturday: gam till 12 noon) WA Cnr Wharf St BRISBANEi Half hour earlier. Mail Order Centro: ANY Albany Hwy CANNINOTON 451 8666 TERMS OFFERED ARE TO PO Boo 321. North Ryde 2113. Phone 1021 888 3200 414 Wiliam PERTH APPROVED SI 328 6944 APPLICANTS ONLY DSE/A089/LM ti Y OOOOOOOOOOnOOOOOOOOOOOOt?OO000000000 ....l1iPf1Yf(1(100NN00nnnMnnnnnNNNNrvNNNN ' J. OimmOimmmmmóóoóóOooO m u Q O N f1 1ññ eu e ~ > .. . . 1122121122T.2.2.2..m 0 U 0bm0mbmmmOmSS000ñ00.N0f10ñmOmfÓrv1000f10 C_1O 1 '-J N O w n 0 a1 m m QJ v O Y A U m 0 n n n n- O O O e. 0. 0 0 e...... U .. m m n n 0 0 0---- N N n d O O O O O O O O O N N N N N N N N N J m nnnnnnnºevveººººe...... 11.1... W CS N U J m W 0".'«I" ` m t a a 2 ó'u C mlmOmmm.nm.mmlNNNrvNn.1...1.0000000..01.0000000000000 7 o H y u m. ó Nut a, O Oa Cl. S J¡nmaivv.óacui¡ie'm.m.óui Q m N Q= i ciy ¢o í¿.J W Q 2" n Wa«LL>J d' lfl H. .- - N> O m^ Q {A mi¢ U d i On001mON.eO000.._m-eNNN00.00-N..00NOYiN10010.YfY1.100010, 0 y0 Mal' O W 2íH C1 Q O.Om.1000Nrvmmmm0-P-.01Pf1. wpf d ? a aO QWNa _ Oº um ^Pinnoio;óoóóóooPiuinnn-PiPirilril.rvnnnnnn CW L%aÑ E a> - ca aQ . Z 1 . .^ óó.00.11 0010001.. m Ot l0 kiffi.-JÓ u) y`' Oo m 0 eemOry0nm0.rvin.mmmó ó QU . Pi oi riPiiriui-ai-tin-ui-vi¡bÓnlm SS. -- _J00°0 ZQ O á ÑWá ^ á 2u ^ CQCOVáZ Z Ú x L QJ W Ñ W¢ u .mic Nm x zx zzz u d.,£LLlL W o F . n 1U óóó ó uu.NmlmnnrvoNNlmm1OÑxuxíizx`íii-O.m-No 7 á > Uºm zQ 2 Ñ ñ S éñfm.ñ nmññotli.tliímimiñlñumii000---n m N - QNU1Q ñ O ommpmmpopOO..O.O O1. O ñÑm...0 W LyC p CIy y ,-,,,,,,...... ,1-e N n. m m e Ó O. m. O N n e 0. ºº 1 e^.OIQ Yi o,- O dNOól ¡Pi-ONNOe-- dQnNn ^.mmn-- - Q U C~L Q~ - 0 s m 10 0 W d 1LJ1 8Ú =m m ` o ci x n - a a a a a a Q n a a a n Q a V V a a a a pl W Q a n O Ona. . mN0-NO m mG mnmrvm00-mnd..NnO - 006m00 ( .mmnmOONnevoÑÑ-NN- -^40 a , O] v) Z Q 2 400000 NN'ñ ñnm-U.0000-n 1. 1 0 _ ñ r m 1 O. L `r . O O .0.. .. 0 1 CNp rv ñ 0 1? n m 0 '25"4g.? 0 m g m m ñ 92 2122 y ñ o ...0...... m.. m 0 0 n m m.- 0 n n. 01 0. 0 n O 060- 0 N . ¡ m . 1. N N tin m e N N m m - N 000. O 0 004,-.m- m 04 h -00. - N N FN N º. -- N N-^4. .+5n e. - - -N - Q - N cr D1-^ a 446 m m m rv & m m m m n 4dmm Q - uf8 naa C7U O R. QQzO y' ne o ^m0w._m00-0-mNnm -.6,,,....-._,ecti m-m 1Y 6.án0 U a . NÓ Q ºmmm F- x0 mmOUy ñOñ00 V mOñU00Q00000001.1...0Óeme e e ee e f S orno., é yrv.ñññ 2 e Oeve º eº elnl0O n f ..;Don E Ñ.m4 áé 2n 2 e aÓ 6 y..

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> 0 O O a m O 4.OnPn.l.lmm^Nemmv.00^N-O-nONnOn..00.nomm0emdv1000^ -n-+nee vºé áé º e e.1 52ryñevÓéÓÓÑ.O(1Ñ1ulilmm.m..m..mmm.mm..,9nnñnññIñmmmm00TC N.,- A COURSE IN ARL elestrssles data busk RADIO I V trot tucIn THE T $4.00 FUNDAMENTALS >_ A. R 'R L A -1 //ANTENNA BOOK

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CHRISTMAS SPECIAL - 25% OFF! - . (WHILE STOCKS LAST) ARRL PUBLICATIONS Now you can order a selection of popular and useful publications put out by The American Radio Relay League, direct from ETI by mail order. A COURSE IN RADIO FUNDAMENTALS LEARNING TO WORK WITH INTEGRATED CIRCUITS Written by the world-renowned author, George Grammer, this book is An invaluable book for the beginner or newcomer to digital circuitry. In recommended reading for anyone studying for their amateur licence, be it nine chapters Jerry Hall and Charles Watts take you through the basics of Novice, Limited or Full. In fact, it's a very good reference text for any commonly used linear and digital ICs, binary arithmetic and counting, enthusiastic hobbyist. The book 26 contains chapters, covering a frequency counters and digital voltmeters and show you how to build a considerable amount of basic theory from - electric and magnetic fields to ac frequency counter/DVM as you go along Written in a clear, easy-to -follow and dc circuits, resistance, reactance, transformers, RF circuits, filters, etc, style; complete construction details, pc board artwork, etc, are included. to vacuum tubes and transistors, amplification, feedback and amplifier 50 pages $2.80 circuits. A chapter on practical experiments is included and each chapter $8-75" has associated problems to work out (answers given). ARRL ANTENNA ANTHOLOGY 180 pages $5.25 $3:f0' This book is a compilation of the best of recent HF antenna articles and theory presentations published in QST magazine. Its five chapters cover SOLID STATE BASICS Vertical Antennas, Yagi Antennas, Quad Antennas, Miscellaneous An essential book for everyone who wants to understand solid state circuits Antenna Types and Antenna Theory and Test Methods. Construction of and how to design them. This book takes you from simple solid state theory more than 30 antennas is described along with a range of matching to transistor circuit design. Then follows an introduction to linear and networks and systems. digital ICs and how to work with them. It's crammed with practical circuits 152 pages $5.25 .$7-r00- designed using the techniques discussed. 160 pages $5.05 .$6T11- ARRL ANTENNA BOOK A basic reference text that should be in every enthusiast's and amateur's ARRL WORLD MAP library. In 18 chapters, this book covers such topics as Wave Propagation, Transmission Lines, -Wire This is a modified equidistant azimuthal projection map showing all areas Long Antennas, Multiband Antennas, VHF/UHF Antennas, of the world with political boundaries, call areas, IARU continental sub- Rotatable Antennas, Specialised Antennas and Antenna divisions, ITU regional boundaries, world time zones and cities. A valuable Measurements. It is a comprehensive text chock-full of tables, charts and addition to any shack. construction information. 336 pages 1020 x 780 mm $5.05 $6 - $6.55 ARRL ELECTRONICS DATA BOOK Please send me (tick as applicable): A must for every electronics enthusiast's or radio amateur's bookshelf. Its 10 chapters cover Math Aids and Tables, Time and Frequency, RF Circuit A o Course in Radio Solid State Basics Data, LCR Networks, Transformers, Filter Design, Antennas and Feed Fundamentals E ARRL Antenna Anthology Systems, Catalogue of Solid State Circuits, Constructions and Testing Data, Solid State Design for the ARRL Antenna Book Data Potpourri. How could you do without it? Radio Amateur ARRL Electronics Data Book 128 pages $5.05 $6-iS Learning to Work with E Basic Book of Ham Radio Integrated Circuits ARRL World Map BASIC BOOK OF HAM RADIO A basic guide of what the hobby's all about. Though written for the American scene, the theme is universal. Ten tell it all, from what I enclose $ plus 90c per book postage and packing chapters hams do to a guide to (Australia only). Please up to four weeks the equipment, how to get on the air to how to speak allow for delivery. the jargon. TOTAL$ 128 pages $5.80 $=:-7S NAME SOLID STATE DESIGN FOR THE RADIO AMATEUR Written as a series for QST, this book is an anthology of the work of Wes ADDRESS Hayward and Doug DeMaw - two world-renowned technical authors. The Collins Radio Division of Rockwell regard this book as recommended reading for their junior engineers. Considered generally as a landmark text, it is just the thing for those interested in actually building high performance equipment, as it contains practical information not found Postcode elsewhere in sources available to the professional or non-professional. In nine chapters, the book covers Semiconductors and the Amateur, Basics of Signature Transmitter Design, Power Amplifiers and Matching Networks, Receiver Design, Test Equipment, Modulation Methods and Portable Gear, etc. An Send coupon to: ETI Book Sales, 15 Boundary St, extensive and very handy bibliography is included. Rushcutters Bay NSW 2011. 258 chock-full pages $9.00.$3

66 - December 1981 ETI OSCAR 9 flies! The long-awaited, oft delayed UOSAT spacecraft was launched from the US Vandenburg Air Force Base at 1127Z October 6 in what was described as a 'perfect launch'.

The orbit is circular, the craft addition, it carries a number of being at an altitude of around phase -referenced HF beacons Amateur regulations handbook 545 km above ground. Orbital operating in the 7, 14, 21 and 28 You can now obtain the Department of Communications' Amateur period is close to 95 minutes MHz bands for propagation studies Operator's Handbook through Dick Smith Stores - an item you'll and the path moves westward at and two microwave beacons in the need now if you're going for the exam early next year. UOSAT about 24 degrees each succes- 2.4 and 10 GHz bands. The Amateur Operator's Hand- updated version, including changes sive a and orbit. also carries magnetometer book, CatNo. B 5042, outlines the in the service since the previous A command problem, involving two particle radiation counters. regulations and conditions for the version. the 145.825 MHz beacon, arose Oscar 9 has a general data operating of Amateur Radio. The handbook was previously shortly after launch but was resolved beacon on 145.825 MHz and an About one third of the exam for only available from Government apparently later in October. engineering data beacon on Amateur Operators' Certificates of Publications, but Dick Smith has The English -built craft is a MHz, both of which have 435.025 Proficiency (AOCP) is based on made a special purchase as a at 'hobbyist and educational' satellite been reported received good regulations, and so the B 5042 is service to amateurs and aspiring carrying a variety of equipment strength on simple equipment essential reading for anyone inte- amateurs. Now the Amateur Ope- including a camera for transmission (handheld and a rubber ducky rested in becoming an amateur rator's Handbook is available for of earth pictures that can be readily antenna!). operator. 53.60 from all Dick Smith Elec- received on simple equipment In This handbook is the all -new tronics stores. Radio -induced changes in ionosphere to be studied How radio transmissions may alter the ionosphere and thereby disturb long-range communications is being investigated by scientists at the Lockheed Palo Alto Laboratories. Amateur Under a contract with the Office penetrate the ionosphere they give SEEP instrumentation consists of Operator's of Naval Research, Lockheed has up their energy by ionising its high -sensitivity electron spec- designed and built a satellite -borne neutral constituents. This injection trometers, a mapping X-ray Handbook experiment to determine if radio and ionisation ebbs and flows by spectrometer, and an airglow Res (Dec transmissions at very low fre- natural processes. However, when it photometer. quencies will induce electron increases markedly (for example, The electron spectrometers will precipitation from the earth's when solar activity is high), it directly sample energetic particles magnetosphere into its ionosphere. degrades or destroys the 'reflecting' which strike them. The mapping Such precipitation causes irregu- properties of the ionosphere and X-ray spectrometer will view a much larities in the ionosphere, which in adversely affects radio propagation broader area, detecting the particles turn can interrupt or degrade - notably at long wavelengths. by the X-radiation they emit as they extremely low frequency (ELF) and Lockheed scientists now suspect penetrate the atmosphere and FEsul and Tdecanmunicati" very low frequency (VLF) com- that this energetic electron precipi- interact with other particle nuclei. Deparirrent munications. tation may be caused by specific The photometer responds to light This phenomenon is of sig- ground -based radio transmitters. (airglow) emitted by the atmos nificant interest to the US Navy The SEEP instrumentation sys- pheric atoms when they are struck because of the number of existing tem will operate aboard a satellite. by the precipitating electrons. and proposed communication The system's detectors will observe systems they operate in these electron precipitation while several frequency ranges. high-powered, ground -based trans- Called the Stimulated Emission mitters at different locations are AEA agent for coaxial cable of Energetic Particles (SEEP) keyed in an on/off duty cycle that experiment, the programme is a will provide a unique 'signature' in Antenna Engineering Australia Pty Ltd has been appointed agent joint effort of Lockheed's Space the particles, enabling researchers in Australia for the West German manufactured range of coaxial Sciences Laboratory and the Radio to establish positively a cause -effect cables and wave -guides by Kabelmetal. Sciences Laboratory of Stanford relationship. Low -loss foam dielectric coaxial Radiating RF cables for restricted University. It follows earlier research Among radio transmissions to be cables cover 6 mm to 41 mm di- communication systems are avail- with all necessary conducted by Lockheed for the monitored during the experiment ameter, . and air dielectric cables able, together Office of Naval Research (ONR). are those of the OMEGA network, available are from 95 mm to installation components. It is known that energetic elec- the US Navy communications 230 mm diameter. AEA is currently Kabelmetal products are manu- trons from the magnetosphere (the system, and the Stanford University stocking 13 mm and 22 mm low- factured in Hannover, West region of space in which such research transmitter at Siple, loss foam coaxial cable and Germany, and by associated particles are controlled by the Antarctica. All operate in the VLF matching connectors. companies in the USA and Brazil. earth's magnetic field) are naturally range (3 to 30 kHz), which reson- Kabelmetal also produce a wide For further information contact injected into the ionosphere near ates with the natural frequencies of range of elliptical wave guides and Antenna Engineering Australia Pty the polar regions. the trapped electrons in the components and rectangular wave Ltd, P.O. Box 191, Croydon Vic. When the energetic electrons magnetosphere. guide components. 3136.

ETI December 1981 - 67 ELEGANT SIMPLICITY* MOSFET TECHNOLOGY

Advances in technology should make life simpler. A cluttered power amplifier board may well perform superbly, but its busy elaboration is an indication that its design is pushing the limit of its component technology. There are many first class bipolar amps on the market. All of them are complex and consequently expensive. Any additional improvements in the areas where they are weak (i.e. H.F. distortion) can only be obtained with yet further complexity and cost. Only new technology can provide the sort of "quantum jump" in component performance necessary to reduce the clutter on the board, reduce the cost and make the Highest Fidelity a reality. So far 29 semiconductor manufacturers have invested in MOSFET technology. Clearly power MOSFETs are something special. The enormous power gain of the MOSFET helps eliminate conventional drive circuitry permitting delightfully simple designs viz. the 5000. Their freedom from secondary breakdown and tendency to shutdown when thermally overstressed results in inherently destruction-proof out- put stages, not needing protection circuitry. Remember if your bipolar amp is D.C. coupled the only thing between your speaker and lethal supply rails is that bipolar power transistorl Back to MOSFETs. Perhaps best of all, the MOSFETs lack of charge storage makes them FAST, FAST, FAST and RESPONSIVE. MOSFET transistors produce amps, that have wide bandwidth, low distortion even at high frequencies and - very important - high slew rate. you If are a perfectionist or are just not happy with what you have got now this system could be for you. You owe it to yourself once in a life- time to bestow upon yourself "the best". In the case of amplifiers, this is it. A CHRISTMAS PRESENT PERHAPS? 5000 POWER AMPLIFIER 5000 CONTROL PREAMP PERHAPS THE PERFECT REALISATION OF THE Control being the operative word. With this preamp you are in TOTAL CLASSIC POWERFET AMP DESIGN. CONTROL. With 3 x phono inputs and 5 OTHER input facilities, you can dub The Jaycar kit of this project is being to continuously updated in quality TWO (2) tape decks - say one cassette and one reel-to-reel. Once again so that the constructor will benefit. We now supply metal film 1% we 50ppm in have used 1% 50ppm metal film resistors throughout - even where resistors place of carbon film types. All Aluminium hardware not specified by Dave Tillbrook. (including heatsink bracket) is now anodised in black. (Incidentally For further information see the specifications summary below: there has never been a problem with instability with Jaycar kits. We have ALWAYS used high quality capacitors). The original square -section chassis bars are used. And then there is the Superfinish frontpanell Specifications: Power Output - 100 watts r.m.s. into 8 ohms x2 Frequency Response - 8Hz to 20kHz +0 -0.4dB. Noise - 116dB I below full output Input Sensitivity - 1V r.m.s. for 100 watt output. For full specifications see magazine article on this amplifier. Frequency Response - 15Hz EXCLUSIVEIII Ref: ETI Jan - April 1981 130k Hz @ +0 -1dB. Distortion - English "Lorlin" switches used 1kHz - 0.0031fó on all inputs. - Metalwork exactly as per project S/N Ratio - high level input 92 description dB, MM - .f Input 86dB, MC input - Special Nylon grommets used to 71dB. For other specs see mag. insulate jacks - Metal film 1% resistors used - Specially imported solid Aluminium knobs - FREEI Pair of GOLD PLATED -- .q RCA chassis sockets ¡tllhiii11rrii for low noise M.C. Input only EXCLUSIVEIII - Metal film 1% resistors used ONLY*.*** - All Aluminium panels now anodised $245 - Original dsign chassis bars used $49.50 The Jaycar - Heavy gauge extruded section heatsink bracket Front Panel - prewound output chokes SUPERFINISH front panel. Flux Special fine grain Aluminium - shorting straps on transformers machined, drilled and tapped and finished In special low -gloss Parts - And then there's the Superfinish heat - black enamel. This panel stands up a sink to close inspection. available " OR $299 TOTAL WITH THE 5000 POWER AMP" separately ETI485/JAYCAR 2010 EQUALISER 1/3 OCTAVE 28 BAND EQUALISER NEW MkII model with QUAD-FETs NEW MkIlmodel at NO EXTRA We have upgraded the performance of this popular kit by taking advantage of the new high technology J-FET input op -amps. CHARGE!! The Mkl I Stereophonic Equaliser now has a much lower noise floor, We have made the same changes to the 2801 Equaliser better T.I.D. performance but we have due to the higher slew -rate of the J-FETs. absorbed the EXTRA COSTI Professional style bright yellow slider Lower harmonic distortion also prevails. covers are now standard also.

D11 AL" a. DO 9 113%1 e = _= --- : " :.I?4-

+$5 50 P & P still only $ 198

NOTEI NUN SHOP HOURS Mon Sat 9.m - 5.30pm Sun 10.m - 2pm + $5.50 P & P Open Thursday night Jaycar until 8pm. LZ1É FEATURES: New - low noise J-FETs throughout - 380 Sussex St Sydney 2000 - Lower noise floor replacing Bipolar OP Amps - Lower harmonic distortion Ph. 2646688 Telex 72293 - Lower transient Intermodulation distortion Mail Orders To: - Completely new assembly instructions Box K-39 Haymarket 2000 - Standard 3%," x 19" rack cabinet (prepunched) - Heavy guage anodised silk supplied screened front panel JAYCAR - THE POWERFET SPECIALISTS I won't say what I think about the chap who designed this 'novel paperweight' but I have never been so disgusted with

anything in all my years. I defy all attempts to reverse it. The only satis- faction I ever got from building it was destroying it.

I know of many other amps which have also met the same fate, because I'm at Dick Smith's store so often I've are indestructible!) as back-up so I Dear Sir, seen many a frustrated hobbyist it till I had time to look at the 466. I was one of the first to rush out and used bewildered by the 466. All I could tell watt amps. I bought four new output transistors, buy one of the ETI 466 300 before it gets you'. If all BD140s and them is 'pull it apart Since the first day I built it I've started checked surrounding her in you want to keep hair on the heads of losing hair! 139s, and ít set up 9K. Plugged - chat into Australian men DON'T GIVE US ANY over 20 kits ' of no worries, away she went, flat Having made MORE KITS OR PROJECTS LIKE THIS, repairs on my distortion, no worries. The next time I numerous things, done EVER!!! had to use it whilst DJ-ing, I ran it for half friends' amps and repaired computer Yours sincerely, watts and then I I I'd an hour at about 3 - 5 cards, (the latter for a living) thought A. Stewart decreased the level (due to the party be up to building this amp. Old. noise) and bang!, dead again. Back to Gumdale, I was on holidays at the time and I had well. You seem to have no When it the back-up amp. Well, certainly the amp built in next to time. Murphy's Law, into work where I had the rounds of current through the I then took the 466 came to set up the mayhem on this one! have a full workshop except for a CRO. I Mother Nature and output transistors, I found I could get and replaced You should have called us the first time. only 1.5 V across the 10 ohm resistors checked all transistors We built three of these projects prior to replacing the fuses and then it quickly the faulty ones. I even replaced some of It set publication without experiencing the increased till the 10 ohm resistors the suspect resistors and diodes. difficulties you report. Thus ended the first lot of up OK so I added two more output exploded. as you found out, stems transistors (total of 6). I increased the The problem, power transistors. This is current a little to cover the addition of from high frequency instability. I the input the Next time earthed in either the up I took it not a fault inherent same thing happened, but not so these and it set perfectly. home and plugged in one 8 ohm electronic design or the physical I had spent about $80 on quickly. After as we described in the the complete speaker and it promptly blew up. I took it construction, output trannies and Let us make that point (twice!!) back to work again and practically article (Feb. '80). replacement of all transistors at the outset. The stripped the board. I replaced every abundantly clear the manager of Dick Smith's at Buranda, about by com- I checked all instability is brought Brisbane enquired as to what was going transistor standing. voltage levels. It set up perfectly again ponents which have different character- I what was happening wrong. explained to those employed in the units we the extent of (only four output transistors as istics and that I'd even gone to This is something over to see that it replacing six each time is very expen- constructed. checking each component we have no control, nor was it I it a short test run on a which I was in luck! sive). even gave was within tolerance. we were aware of until after head small speaker at work. I took it home and something There was a chap up from Dick's and kits I then picked up the project was published office and he sent it down (the amp) to it self destructed again! housed both the 300 W became available. be fixed by the experts down south. the case which Auditec and threw it Prime offender was the capacitors weeks later it returned. I and the 120 W About three supplied for C15. The network on the get hold of the same down the stairs at the front of my house! managed to output consisting of C15 and R47 is (I forget his name) and he gentleman there to provide a low impedance load informed me it was going wild at about 2 to the amplifier at frequencies beyond that the chaps replaced one of MHz and the audio range where speakers and caps and moved my - the feedback crossover networks look like strange strap (the amp wasn't heatsink earth reactances. For this network to do its in box yet) and replaced the mounted a job, C/5 must look like a 'real' capacitor. transistors again. It was working! output If, owing to its particular internal con- all those repairs were I might add struction, it looks like an inductor at the I was very grateful for done for free and frequencies concerned (above 25 kHz) The amp ran perfectly their assistance. then that little network will have entirely without fault until ít for about six months the opposite effect to that desired. on the output which received a short Which is what happened in your case - it. I replaced the faulty promptly killed and many others. was away again! parts and she The next culprit (or culprits) we ago the amp once About two months discovered turned out to be the emitter failed I might add at this point again and ballast resistors for the output devices. used for disc jockey the amp does get As is evident from the photographs of My speakers will only work into 4 ohms. the pc board included in the article, we watts each so I have a handle 100 used 'Noble' brand resistors. Un- for 200 watts (it was power meter set to us, these just happen to be amp). The Crushed and mangled, I took the beknown calibrated on a professional having the low st inductance x 7 remains upstairs and realised the the types heatsink is a sheet of aluminium 13 with in the mess some- available. Types suppd some inches with 14 7" x 3" fins fixed to it. Auditec was also went kits had up to four times the inductance Anyway where. I plugged it in and away the This keeps things really cool. - Result, instability! Auditec as if nothing had happened! of the ones we used. I carry a 120 watt Auditec amp (these ETI December 1981 - 69 Dear Sir, Many thanks for solving the big problem with my mini -drill which, until

now, has been frustrating to use. I constructed the ETI-258 on Veroboard When problems became evident for his cooperation in respect of this around a 7805, using a scratch -built following publication we quickly project. OR22, and deleting the rectifier diodes researched what might be causing the To our certain knowledge, other firms and zener. By substituting a 1000 µF problem. We had discussions with Gary supplying this kit have not reported capacitor I was able to get the project into Crapp, Service Manager at Dick Smith customers experiencing difficulties as Dick Smith's smallest Zippy box, using Electronics, about reported problems you did. Components which do not the cover as a heatsink. I find 9 volts from with kits supplied by Dick Smith. behave as one would reasonably my LM317 power supply quite sufficient Following our investigations, we made expect can catch out anyone and the for most jobs, as the increased torque certain recommendations which we only consolation you, the Dick Smith from the drill is truly remarkable. understand were followed I and common organisation and anybody else has, is am enclosing an electronic tea - problems, much of the nature you that we have all been in the same boat. strainer for Roger, as a token of experienced, rapidly cleared up. When difficulties like this arise, con- appreciation for publishing Graeme's Details of our recommendations were structors should make absolutely circuit. circulated to other kit and component certain that the components used are F. Hawkins, Townsville Old. suppliers. as we specify in the project article. We In addition, some people were using can take no responsibility for substitu- output devices (MJ15003/MJ15004) tions. In any event, you can phone us which had differing specifications to the (after 4.30 pm please) and check with Motorola -manufactured devices we technical staff. used. We recommend the Motorola A similar problem arose with the devices as the protection circuitry was ETI-477 MOSFET amplifier, published designed around the published Moto- earlier this year. The capacitor in the HF rola specifications for these devices. load network on the output, C9, was a A very large number of these amp- source of trouble in some kits, as were lifiers have been built and appear to the source ballast resistors for the work satisfactorily. It is apparent that output devices. A note to this effect was you are the victim of circumstances published on page 11 of the August '81 beyond our control. We are indebted to issue. Many thanks, Mr. Hawkins, all donations gratefully Gary Crapp accepted and usefully ... of Dick Smith Electronics RogerHarrison,Editor applied except I rarely 9drink tea! (R.H.)

1011.111 `R t \ab\e NPstea

yetente"te"shea 00019001 °ln 5 ec\e oter1 nto 63 s Sho,N s °maSmotte ird\cn9 3 N oo C°bs. \ecttio teP sehNe You chan9tn9 4.PGs 12 Faset emP aecgv,¡tltcout so SEM0a0aµÑ ttP TMail this coupon to - THE MANAGER 1 SELF SCOPE LABORATORIES CLEANING Box 63, Nlddrie, DESOLDERING Victoria, 3042 Please rush detailed information on TOOL SCOPE products to - Name Crush Proof Metal Body. SCOPE The nozzle self cleans during each Bo* 83, Niddrie, Address reload operation. Both nozzle and Victoria, 3042 Postcode plunger washer are replaceable. Tel:103) 3381566 Tlx: AÁ38318 Company S.G.A. /SLID 087 Title/position J

70 - December 1981 ETI azr -- ...aI I r~si p, YES we have scooped a further 50 units of the ever popular FT2O7R sT 50 AUTOSCAN THE WORL-' Up or down scanning of full band, with3-way setting - clear, busy IN THE;.:soraeln or manual. Specifications: DIGITAL 144.148MHz band coverage in 800 channels. DISPLAY High and low power (400mW-2.5W) 32uV sensitivity 7.5kHz selectivity 2aaeº&Ys5- 0 Large easy to read LED - readout. Auto turn-off fot NiCad battery pack and charger included in price na42bd Cat power saving tool e>nbe External antenna, ear, microphone P10 a1 800 CHANNELS socket. dman Compact size - 4 19 key easy (4 memory channels) 180 x 65 x 55mm to use keypad. Instant recall of your 4 favourite Rubber Duck antenna For frequency included. input, memory repeaters or simplex frequencies. ALL NEW recall, scanning etc. (Easy to read program) Yaesu 2 Metre SOW/All Mode Add to hand held above for lfore Also Lineu suitablereal for SSB, CW AM etc. nap SPECIAL OFFER Operates from 13.6V DC up to 15W input for maximum with 1....1...1e to.1n Cat. D-2547 e, FREEIJ you purchase a D-4100 base power. ` 4 receiver, pre -amp, with resonator, we will give a FREE 2M stub (D-4102) r I1 automatic transmit receive $ worth $11.25 at no extra charge. control. _VIs%e`4%1 you buy the gutter mount When (above hand 239 GUTTER MOUNT & stub, your a on the held may not drive base 2M to full power) Cat. 0.4100 air on 2M immediately As you P&P S5.50 Iler S want the HF bands, simply buy that band resonator/antenna 2M STUB . 7 whip 6 screw it into the 2M stub. You only have to buy thu whips for the band you want MULTI MODE HF t'ceiver Go mobile with Yaesu small enough for a mini car! The F1707 has to be one of the fastest selling transceivers we've ever had to offer. And it's no wonder! Look at what you get full power operation, digital display, LED S/power meter, RESONATORS: plus push button operation ... all the things Cat. D-4104 - D-4118 the amateur needs for safe, yet reliable mobile operation. Or why not team It up with the FP707 supply (D-2895), it makes a great base! RSE - M - 2 GUTTER MOUNT RSL 7 40M ANTENNA Cat. 0-4100 S24.95 Cat. 0-4112 $,i S.SD STUB RSL - 14 20M ANTENNA RSE - 2A 2M 425.50 Cat. D-4102 511.25 Cat. 0-4114 ONLY $79500 RSL - 145 8M/2M ANTENNA RSL 21 15M ANTENNA 0-4104 327.50 Cat. D-4116 325.50 D-2862 Cat. advertised price! RSL 3.5 BOM ANTENNA RSL - 28 10M ANTENNA REMEMBER We will match or beat any genuine Cat. 0-4110 S25.SO Cat. 0-4118 525.50

Electronics8977 COBURG 383 4455 SMITHWOLLONGONG 28 3200 DARLINGTON 298 DICK 642 8922 0558 CHULLORA AUBURN 648 260 6088 PERTH 328 6944 546 7744 GORE HILL 439 5311 CANBERRA 80 4944 ENFIELD BLAKEHURST MELBOURNE 67 9834 CANNINGTON 451 8666 BROADWAY 211 3777 PARRAMATTA 683 1133 BURANDA 391 6233 6255 RICHMOND 428 1614 BANKSTOWN SQ 888 3200 SYDNEY 290 3377 CHERMSIDE 59 1962 SPRINGVALE 547 0552 BROOKVALE 93 8922 NEWCASTLE 61 1896 ADELAIDE 212 MAIL ORDER CENTRE: P.O. Box 321 North Ryde. NSW. 2113. Ph. (02) 888 3200

A009 MB ove A DAISY WHEEL PRINTER

4+ . Si 91

4 \ $995 .!+=.:¡y .:.. ***II '0001i :

MICRO -80 has converted the revolutionary new Olivetti MICRO -80 is an A Grade Olivetti distributor and has been Praxis 30 portable electronic DAISY WHEEL typewriter to producing printer operate as a correspondence quality conversions for Olivetti daisy wheel printer. Now you can typewriters for 12 months. All typewriters sold have the best of both worlds. The best auto -correcting por- by us carry table our Australia -wide 90 day parts and labour warranty. If electronic typewriter available AND a reliable word your need is for a larger, processing printer for your microcomputer. heavier duty typewriter/printer, contact us for details of the ET121 or ET221 conversions. Designed for private and light commercial use, the MICRO -80 conversion provides the PRAXIS with an in- The demand dustry for this great value printer is sure to be high. standard Centronics printer port which will operate Use the coupon below to secure your order today. with most microcomputers including the TRS-80tH, the SYSTEM 8OTM the SORCERER and the APPLE. Average DEALER ENQUIRIES print speed is 120 words per minute. An RS232C serial to WELCOME Centronics converter is also available from MICRO -80 to enable the PRAXIS or any other Centronics compatible printer to operate from an RS232C serial port. TM: TRS-80 is a trademark of the Tandy Corporation SYSTEM -80 is a trademark of Dick Smith Electronics Pry. Ltd.

433 MORPHETT S211EET ADELAIDE, S.A. 5000 MICRO -80 TELEPHONE: (08) 7244

Post now to: MICRO-80 PTY. LTD., P.O. BOX 213, GOODWOOD, S.A. 5034 Please send me: TICK A PRAXIS 30 Typewriter converted to operate as a Centronics compatible printer 3995 An RS 232C to Centronics converter 3140 More details of the above products I enclose my cheque/money order of $ Please charge to my Bankcard NOTE: Prices above are F.O.B. Adelaide Bankcard No. 310.00 Please add for road freight anywhere in Australia Expiry date: Name. Address: Post Code: C N,U1/114 T IBM helps the deaf to speak Researchers at IBM France are developing visual feedback techniques that help deaf people to modulate their voices normally. People with normal hearing teacher to divide the screen horizon- continually vary the pitch and tally, so that the upper half displays a intensity of their voices as they graph of the teacher's voice and the speak, but those with impaired lower half displays the child's. The hearing find it very difficult to do child can then see how closely the this. Children born deaf, in pitch of his or her voice matches the particular, have never heard a teacher's. human voice and therefore have The system is based on two co- no concept of stress or pitch. operating microprocessors, one of while the L Without extensive speech train- which analyses the speech - ing, their voices may become other controls the input and output -to -digital . loud or shrill. devices. An analogue At the IBM Scientific Centre in converter translates the sounds Paris, experimenters have devel- spoken into a digital code, from micro- oped a set of games that give deaf which the analysing visual feedback about the processor generates signals r1111111P _A children sound of their voices. A typical representing pitch and intensity. ~I el, game presents a stylised image of a These signals are sent to the second them camel on a VDU screen. The camel microprocessor, which uses moves jerkily across the screen to generate control signals for the according to the sounds made by a VDU. child speaking into a microphone. If The researchers are naturally but they the child's voice is well -modulated, cautious about the results, 1111111111111111111. 11111 - the camel proceeds smoothly are encouraged by their exper- MED iences to date. In one case, for MIR 11.1.1111.. towards an oasis, otherwise it IMMIEZI and blunders example, a boy with a high-pitched wanders off course . ° ~ow into palm trees. voice succeeded in lowering its ! As well as these 'hit the target' pitch after ten sessions with the games, the system also allows a equipment

... and to listen Cromemco sales up has Another project at the same Centre aims to help severely deaf Informative Systems Pty Ltd, a Cromemco distributor, the 1980-81 trading year. people by applying data processing techniques to lip-reading. announced a 150% growth in sales for said it was the third For many purposes, simple lip- Managing Director Dr. Simon Rosenbaum had exceeded 100% growth rate. reading is not accurate enough, successive year in which sales systems operating because different sounds often The increase was not in any one Cromemco the under CROMIX have been coupled appear the same on the lips. The market area, sales to education being only with IMM's business software to problem can be overcome by a and small business areas for in- produce handling power previously technique known as cued speech, in slightly ahead of purchases and scientific applications. only available to the small business - which the speaker uses a set of hand ti dustrial handle increased demand, In- man and professional through signals to indicate vowels or , ,, + ; To moved bureaux or on much higher-priced consonants. By moving his hands formative Systems recently to larger premises and more than minisystems. as he speaks, the speaker clarifies ° ` The Cromemco-IMS package ambiguities for the lip-reader. doubled its systems and support more offers the businessman a totally The disadvantage of cued speech staff. It is at present seeking in and technical integrated accounting system is that the hand signals must be staff the software new Victorian covering Accounts Receivable, learned by the speaker. IBM's 370 Model 145 computer, to area, as well as for its Accounts Payable, General Ledger, researchers are trying to eliminate improve the accuracy of speech sales consultancy. business Order Entry/Invoicing, Stock pro - this problem by using a computer to recognition techniques. They hope A new Cromemco offering multi- cessing and Cromemcó s Data translate the speaker's sounds to train the computer to dis- accounting system Base Management System and directly into visual cues. These cues criminate reliably between different terminal, multi -tasking capability available from Data Base Reporter. could be displayed, for example, by phonemes (the basic elements of has just become their work Systems, and is claimed For further information contact a set of lights on the frame of a pair speech). If they succeed, Informative micro- Informative Systems Pty Ltd, 337 of spectacles. could bring a dramatic improve- to be the only Unix -based Australia offering Moray St South Melbourne Vic. Experiments are now being ment in communication with deaf computer in 3205. (03)690-2899. conducted, using an IBM System people. six -terminal capability.

ETI December 1981 - 73 a x51. "::1'x' t, Y'i ?'r ti7itti d'tl . r.;...... al- s :sr the. brilliant Xe D11 SMITH offq SYS .EM 80

Note: price Includes increased Government Sales Tax

Outstanding value for money .. . plus programs especially written for Australia! Cat. X-4005 11111111111119011111! Australia's fastest selling computer - and small wonder!

SYSTEM eo *NJ ¡p,+r,io,a.ryrt, 4 -* Compare the System 80 with its competitors: you'll see why!

a V And now it's even better: with 1 I new features to make your .; computing even better. Join the thousands of System 80 users now: turn yourself into a computer expert! 'Monitor and Expansion Unit optional at extra coat. REMEMBER: OUR COMPUTER COMES WITH INBUILT CASSETTE &VIDEO MODULATOR: DON'T PAY EXTRA! UNLEASH THE FULL LOOK AT DICK'S POTENTIAL PRICE FOR A GREEN OF YOUR PHOSPHOR MONITOR! COMPUTER .. . For the professional user - or even the hobbyist who uses his system for long To get the most from your periods, a Green Screen Monitor is a computer, you need to add must. S-100 peripherals. This expansion. Good definition, with bright, sharp print unit give you this capability. that can be looked at for hours longer STILL AT EXPANSION Made to world standard S-100 with less fatigue. PRE -BUDGET system, so you aren't tied to Cat. -X-1198 PRICE! any one supplier for . ONLY your add-ons. NOW WITH IN-BUILT X Cat. X-4010 AMPLIFIER FOR $ 4 9 9 PROGRAMS WITH SOUND EFFECTS! 19 9 INTERFACING THE ECONOMICAL TO S-100 ANSWER TO STORING This book helps S-100 Bus users HUGE AMOUNTS OF DATA expand the utility Si power of their systems. It describes the S-100 Bus THE DICK * I r with unmatched precision. Covers Í such topics as mechanical /St functional SMITH D design, logical& electrical relation- Datfile is a flexible, multi-purpose data ft0tili!¡irruicracompr ships, bus interconnections, F.& busing filing system. It lets you store away on your techniques. Plus much, much, more. computer's disk(s) a huge amount of infor- ONLY A truly authoritative reference! mation in virtually any format you want. Whether MORE WELL WORTH yyou're ' managing a business M running a club, maintaining a big mailing IUTM CT nor w FIND r.. a.nr. $ 7 list, keeping records of people, stock or 900 IN FtÑÚRÉ anything else. 760 CALL 598i8-2341 BR0 Y i iJi rrar.rY _ -- _ _ _ i ` ii, ~ r *IV aii rr4r- { tq:g:::::::::.`.' - .....é elAVEI°1 ,GR,/ MORE i N, & LUNAR LANDER ON THIS `r/l One d the most moredrbly executed arcade game eved The program features a real time LUNAR LANDER which you attempt to manoeuvre DISK DRIVE. & acmes a rugged hmo, landscape to a scde landing site With approsunately 10 larding sites to choose from, you select the one that ONLY suits your dull Also included in a holden ravine is a refueling station & POWER SUPPLY for the grand master a spew 93 point landing site. Requires 15K V cassette based Great sound effectst X-3ol $ PACKAGE! SYSTEM 93 & 'IRS 93 with 16K & Level 11 BASIC. SAVE $60 ON THIS DISK DRIVE rA RRI VI NG MID DECEMBER!1 & POWER SUPPLY PACKAGE GALACTIC TRADER ONLY SUITS TRS-80 AS WELL AS The obiective of this fantastic program is to make a fortune by trading commodities throughout the galaxy. Has IO SYSTEM 80 COMPUTERS! levels of difficulty. Playing time from 20 min to 5 hours. 16K $ required, cassette based. X-3678. This time last year we were selling this 1995 disk drive and power supply for $439.00. Now we've slashed the price of the pair GALACTIC EMPIRE ONLY A sophisticatedythegame .f graphicstics. Y oai ect 95 to only $379.00 - the power supply is is to unify the galaxy Superb graphics & detailed thrown in as a bonus! manual supplied. Hours & hours of fun. 16K required, cassette based. X-3679. Put yourself in the Hurry: take advantage of this incredible pilot seat as you ' offer. It's the low cost way to get disk approach the city on GALACTIC REVOLUTION storage for YOUR computer. Compare high Diplomacy, social manipulation and ruthlessness must a speed bomb be combined to bring the major power blocs of the ONLY our price and save a bundle! run. Your mission Is Galaxy together to serve your needs to lead the revolution. $ 9 S to destroy the enemVJs A fascinating game. 16K required, cassette based. Q A Features: ground installations. \ X-3677 ' Naturally, they will 100K bytes per side storage respond with ground 40 tracks' (giving 128% more than fire and can mount a METEOR MISSION ;:; Tandy drives) formidable air attack The objective of this graphical game is to ; Use as first drive or add-on drive Incredibly fast, read rescue the stranded astronauts from the ¡ (switch selectable) time graphics, make planet below. You must manoeuver-your'a Precision made for Dick Smith this a very exciting craft through the meteor belt. Absolutely Electronics package. Cassette brilliant! X-3697. , based. X-3638 ONLY . ONLY 195L. $14" fki.. FIGHTER o hits, COSMICtoY"vey-opreQescomes Invaders, S1ra11as destruction 4as4 alien ee its cu1t a d e%ceearrt9 , tf ;f X-3695. , GALAXY I INVASION :: The idea of this game is to destroy the 'invaders' and save Earth - but beware of DRIVE OUR RANGE OF SOFTWARE IS the roving flagships Cassette based, iiii._requires 16K. X-3693 L ALWAYS EXPANDING . CALL POWER SUP INTO ANY OF OUR STORES & ONLY Including power SEE FOR YOURSELF. 980 ' ONLY supply AZ'.°s°°nagc;da teua,a grhrea,-,s': WE NOW STOCK `POPULAR COMPUTER' heme, educational needs eta AT NO EXTRA ONly 'J S COST! 3 X3232 DICK SMITH WAS $439 including power supply NOW SAVING YOUA MASSIVE DSE A092RB Electronics NSW Auburn 648 0558 - Bankstown Square - Blakehurst 546 7744 - Broadway 211 3777 - *************1**f1 Brookvale 93 0441 - Chullora 642 8922 - Gore Hill 439 5311 - North Ryde 888 3200 - Parramatta 683 1133 - Sydney 290 3377 - Tighes Hill 61 1896 - Wollongong 28 3800 ACT PER Fyshwick 80 4944 OLD Buranda 391 6233 - Chermslde 59 6255 SA Adelaide 212 1962 - t YOU SAVE Darlington 298 8977 - Enfield 260 6088 VIC Melbourne 67 9834 - Coburg 383 4455 - j PLUS 328 6944 t Richmond 428 1614 - Springvale 547 0522 WA Cannington 451 8666 - Perth BYTE ON TANDYI . Mail Order Centre: PO Box 321, North Ryde 2113. Phone: (02j 888 3200 ; Mw, [in Fluke microsystemste m troubleshooter With the population explosion of microprocessor -based circuits in terminals, business machines, minicomputers, s peripherals and electronic instruments of all types, a rapidly growing need for a simple and efficient digital service tool . has been created. The new Fluke 9010A Microsystem t- ., Troubleshooter is said to fulfil that need exactly. `. v t.. t According to Elmeasco In- connected devices outside the struments, Fluke's Australian micro itself, may be found by a fast agents, the 9010A will, without and totally self-contained test writing any test program and program, put to work literally the regardless of the complexity of same day as the instrument is the microsystem, troubleshoot received in a production or service the entire 'kernel' (power facility. ti supply, clock, buss, RAM, ROM, The 9010A has other testing - I/O) of the microsystem auto- algorithms for working outside the The 9010A also includes a highly ribbon cable. The pod is protected matically. Operating through 'kernel' where peripheral devices versatile troubleshooting probe, from such common operator the microprocessor socket, such as character generators, key- which not only counts events, abuses as plugging into the micro- results are posted on a boards, readouts, print heads, relays takes signatures and shows logic processor socket backwards. 32 -character alphanumeric and other mechanical or electronic states, but also injects signals at Several pods are available to match

display. controls reside. either a 1 kHz rate or synchronised the popular microprocessors, with The design of the 9010A includes The 9010A's keyboard includes to the system clock. The probe may future capability for a 32 -bit device. an algorithm which automatically grouped troubleshooting key func- be synchronised to data, address or The 9010A, including the pod, is examines and defines all signal tions for automatic patterns and free -run, while an oscilloscope priced at no more than the cost of a locations and functions of the digital exercises which are selected trigger output synchronised with the good scope. Elmeasco anticipate microsystem kernel from a working directly at the keyboard in an inter- probe is another convenience item that the 9010A could easily replace board using its 'learn' mode, active, on-line manner by the not found in other microsystem the scope as preferred instrument storing this data in its own memory operator. No computer expertise testers. for front-line microprocessor for the day's work or on mini - or knowledge of programming Compact, lightweight and system troubleshooting. cassette for permanent storage. language is said to be required. rugged, the 9010A works through a Further information is available Thus the toughest and most time High-level software works to provide Calculator -sized interface 'pod', from Elmeasco Instruments Pty Ltd, consuming failures to troubleshoot, a few simple keystrokes for the most which in turn connects to the P.O. Box 30, Concord NSW 2137. namely failures occurring in buss- complex testing functions. microprocessor socket via a tough (02)736-2888. R Spectrum moves into Winchesters The Australian computer designer and manufacturer D.D. Webster Electronics Pty Ltd has introduced a range of Winchester disk machines at the top end of its large family of Spectrum-I1 minicomputers. D.D. Webster Electronics has a packages for accounting, produc- product range of over 50 model tion planning, purchasing, word configurations available, with processing, educational admini- installation sites now approaching stration and student education. 300. Since its establishment in 1970, Two new systems have been re- D.D. Webster Electronics has leased, Spectrum models HC and established sales branches in r GC, with a formatted storage Brisbane and New York, and capacity of 8.5 M and 30 M recently received a 550 000 order to J j respectively. The new models use supply three Spectrum-Ils to the high performance eight -inch People's Republic of China, for DEC RK07 software -compatible installation at the Beijing (Peking) d Winchester disks and can com- Institute of Technology, where they fortably support between ten and will be used in educational fourteen terminals, including a applications. parallel line printer interface. Prices For further information on the for the new range start at $12 000. Spectrum range contact D.D. .... , Complete specialised applica- Webster Electronics Pty Ltd, 17 tions currently available with the two Malvern St, Bayswater Vic. 3153. WE f' larger Spectrums include software (03)729-8444. 76 - December 1981 ETI ComputerLand on the Gold Coast ComputerLand started in the USA only six years ago, and now has stores opening around the world at the rate of six every month. The 14,9 Computerland store opening on the Gold Coast could well be the " m two hundredth, and will be owned and managed by 30 -year -old Paul ir t' 'h Rees, who brought the ComputerLand idea to Brisbane 21/2 years t Irr 1 ago. ti _ Paul's Brisbane store is one of Computerland started out by only twelve internationally which has catering to the computer hobbyist, topped sales of 5200 000 in one providing a wide range of small, month, and the new Gold Coast inexpensive computers, pro- store is planned to be even bigger gramming manuals and lots of and better, with 2500 square feet friendly advice and assistance. nen for a giant service and repair depot However, they now find that where equipment can be as- businessmen come into the stores sembled, tested and repaired. There with specific problems which they will also be a well -stocked retail need to solve on a tight budget, showroom where customers can without becoming involved in the browse. technical details of computers. Paul expects the new Computer- ComputerLand has therefore de- Land store to satisfy the veloped a wide range of hardware requirements of the many thriving and software packaging expertise to small businesses on the Gold Coast cater for the requirements of most "Over the last 21/2 years we have small businessmen. The idea of a become familiar with the huge computer supermarket for both range of microcomputer products, hobbyist and businessman has and we know which products are become a reality. best for each particular application. The new Gold Coast Computer- Applied Technology now selling We have also become very familiar Land store may be found at 126 systems with what the market in Queensland Scarborough St, Southport Qld. complete Applied Technology, well known for their range needs," he said. 4215. (075)32-8300. NSW manufacturers of computer boards for hobbyists, have put together a range of complete personal computer systems. All these systems are built around character format, and displays both the DGZ80 single board S100/Z80 upper and lower case. Because it is computer, which was originally already S I00, expansion requires incarnated as the ETI-680 in this no special interface. The system can magazine. Applied Technology's be improved by adding the 'BASIC . kits for this computer have found 80' pack, which includes wide acceptance in industry, Microworld BASIC in ROM and 16K education and government of RAM. departments. Price of the Super Instructor 80 is The basic system is the Super 5399, and the 'BASIC 80' costs a Instructor 80, which includes the further 5269. For more details DGZ80, an MW640 VDU and a contact Applied Technology Pty Ltd, keyboard. The VDU is memory la Pattison Avenue, Waitara NSW mapped, with a 16 -line by 64- 2077. (02)487-2711.

.n*-"r ,.720,. New circuits stay cool at high speeds An experimental new circuit technology developed by two IBM engineers promises faster signal speeds with low power Vero boards for microprocessors consumption. The circuits, developed by K -W circuits might be configured around 2.5 Vero have Increased their range of Eurocard Microboards by Richard Konian and James Walsh, on a chip that uses introducing prototyping boards compatible with common micro- are reported to be faster than ECL milliwatts of power. If he wants high many processor systems. (emitter -coupled logic) circuits, but density, at least twice as be connected on a The systems they have chosen with their KM6 Horizontal Mounting can be packed just as densely as circuits might with a power consumption of are the 5100, Intel Multibus, Kit, the whole system can be TTL (transistor -transistor logic). chip to 0.7 milliwatts. Exorciser and Apple systems, mounted in a 3(J x KM6 open card They also use much less power than 0.5 Konian-Walsh circuits are there- because these are the commonest frame or case frame. ECL. give designers the throughout the world. More information may be The speed and power consump- fore the first to of integrating both low and In conjunction with the Exorciser obtained from the distributors, tion of the new Konian-Walsh option circuits on the and Multibus microboards, they Warburton Franki, 199 Parramatta circuitry depends on its density on high-performance have also introduced KM6-compat- Road, Auburn NSW 2144.(02) the chip. If the designer of an IC same chip. ible dedicated motherboards. Used 648-1711. wants high speed, a few thousand ETI December 1981 - 77 CkJSTDFT1IEED TECHflDLOE3Y TURN ON A Member Of the Global Software Network P.O. BOX 461 ASHFIELD N.S.W. 2131 YOUR APPLE Phone National (02) 799 6373 International + 612 799 6373 Our Source I.D. TCY654 WITH THE FIRST IN AUSTRALIA TO HAVE SOFTWARE FOR THE EXIDY SORCERERy, i i if if if' if if if if' if' if/ if' /. FOUR VOICEi MUSIC SYSTEM: FEATURES - Tempo control from slow to exceedingly fast. Set the music's key signature by placing sharps or flats on the staves. Select notes by moving cursor up and down musical staves. Graphically select note durations and rests. Fug editing and inserting, deleting or overwriting chord sets in the song data file. Hear a pitch in a chord before the note is entered Into the data file. Play the last ten chord sets to verify the accuracy of the data just entered. Or play the entire song. Copy refrains for rapid duplication of repeated measures. Transpose the playing of the song into another key. Adjust to suit your vocal range for singing along. Automatic loading and saving of data files from and to cassette. Restoration of data file notes to the screen for rapid editing and file verification. Single step through the file listening to each chord. Aids in file editing. User prompts and error protections. Select individual voices to play only their part - Example: hear the Bass and Soprano parts together. The system includes the necessary hardware to interface to your amplifier and three tunes. $54.95 PIANO PLAYER - This program is an option for the above music system and adds delightful graphical animation of a high resolution piano player tinkling the ivories. The little man's arms move in synchronization with the beat of the music. A large keyboard is displayed upon which four cursors jump around on the keys to the four notes being played. Piano player comes with a Christmas medley to brighten the coming season. $15.95. MASSAGE EZYFILE A Super -fast Z-80 code database program that is easy to use for filing Information of any type. Ideal for mailing lists, club membership records, record collections etc. which require rapid retrieval of individual items. Up to 750 records may be Included in a file and these may be edited, sorted, listed, deleted or added to as well AND as printed out in a user -defined format can be used on cassette or disk. $35.95. MISSILE DEFENSE - You command the country's defence centre to protect against a foreign attack. As the missiles drop, you must fire at them while attempting to protect your cities and missile bases. Includes sound effects and can be used with joysticks if required. MICROWARE $19.95. MILITARY ENCOUNTER -A highly graphical war game played on a board. To be the winner your men must capture the flag while at the same time avoiding mines, the enemy and their spy. You (as your enemy) place your pieces (General, Corporals, Sargeants, FROM Mines etc.) where you wish. Could be likened to chess. $15.95. HEAD-ON COLLISION - This automotive action game will drive you crazy. You are driving your car clockwise around a track and a Sorcerer controlled car is driving counter IIIIII r: MOM 1~1k MI Elk MI MY " ,W. WIZ 11~111/I clockwise. Beware the computer controlled car he is al OM as trying to crash into youll $16.95. al "MOW= ~a WM .M.Mv MI IM'Y MONITOR REVISION V.2 w_7M IMI~_7 B - Upgrade your Monitor to obtain: EMI MI IZE 1111 ~I ~WWI ME III T Accepts lower case as part of Monitor commands Erase graphic characters from any monitor input Standard graphics not refreshed after Formfeed or Clear SAVE & LOAD commands can be aborted - RUB now unshifted Dx used to Boot your drive/s at most addresses Dump (if necessary) in ASCII - Enter in ASCII Fill a block of memory with whatever character you wish Searches a block of memory from the starting to final address for each occurrence of the 2 byte address specified Searches for a block of memory for each occurrence for a byte specified Write for a copy of our catalogue Compares two blocks of memory to check on identical data Plus many more features. $99.95 or call us to discuss your application

DISK DRIVES: VISTA SINGLE DRIVE V200E-10: With the Vista's there is no need for an St00 unit - they P. O. BOX 4601 Sydney, N.S.W. 2001 plug straight in to the Sorcerer and allow you to use Rom Pacs. The Vista's come with CP/M, Basic E, full documentation and disks. Capacity on this drive is 200K. $1010.00 Telephone: (02) 358 3364, 358 3011 VISTA DUAL DRIVE V200E-20: This unit has full 400K capacity. $1480.00

Send for catalogue which includes more software and hardware/peripherals

These products plus more are available from Electronic Agencies, City Personal Computers and other outlets.

78 - December 1981 ETI INTRODJCING...

1

ts

INTERNATIONAL COMPUTERS

THE 5000SX WITH: THE 8000SX WITH: CAPACITY: 5.5Mbyte Winchester plus two Quad Floppies. If you CAPACITY: 10, 20, or 40 Megabyte plus two double sided double know our Series 5000 table top computer line, you know that good density slimline drives and tape drive backup. You've seen the familiar things come in small packages. Now, with the introduction of the Series 8000 computer, now you can have the same rugged reliable 5000SX, big things come in small packages. One integrated package system with an integrated 8" Winchester hard disk and tape backup can contain two double-sided quad -density floppies plus a 5.5 Megabyte drive, not to mention the slim (two drives in the space of one) double Winchester hard disk drive (or other combination). sided drives. BOTH THE 8000SX AND 5000SX FEATURE: error SPEED: Load 20K in less than 1 second. Not only does our high performance Winchester subsystem include error detection with automatic correction, its extreme speed is comparable to that of large mainframe hard disk systems. A 20K program loads in less than one second, about 10 to 12 times as fast as a floppy. We invite comparison with our competitors Winchester implementation, so you can see how a truly engineered solution speeds up your applications programs.

EXTRAS: You'll be glad you have them. The 5000SX comes standard with lots of extras, starting with a fully terminated 12- slot S-100 Motherboard, (on which there are 7 spare slots for your use!). Add to that, 64K Dynamic RAM modules with parity of course, and receptacles for your CRT and Printer that turn on with the main power switch. Plus a convenient up -front reset switch, built-in mains line filter and more.

EXPANSION: Room for expansion is so important. You can add multi -processor boards, memory, terminals, printers, up to three hard disks, in fact most any S-100 compatible sub -system. SOFTWARE: OPERATING SYSTEMS: There's one to suit your needs exactly. TurboDOS - the operating system that is single -task, single -task with spooling printers, multi -tasking and multi -processor networking, can handle up to 2 Gigabyte of on-line disk storage, gets up to 35% more data on a disk, and yet it does is completely CP/M compatible, and allows random access files up to 67 Megabytes in size. It is many times faster than CP/M, read -after -write and verify -after -seek. - Something that other operating systems cannot do without intolerable performance degradation. CP/M, MP/M - of course. MARC - the Unix style (CP/M compatible) operating system. UCSD Pascal 1V - for both 5000 and 8000 systems MVT-EFAMOS - single processor multi -tasking system Micro -COBOL - the professional COBOL system for micros LANGUAGES AND APPLICATIONS PACKAGES: Too numerous to list here, call usl QUALITY: So good it's warranted for two years! There isn't room on the page to even scratch the surface of the IMS International story. do things right the first However, our two year warranty is a dead giveaway that we produce rugged, top quality, professional equipment. We other manufacturers have time, so they don't come back to us. The truth is, we have fewer returns within our two year warranty period than within their 90 -day warranty periods. For full details, and the location of your IMS International dealer, call us today, or write:

S. I. MICROCOMPUTER PRODUCTS 13.1.); SYDNEY: DUNCAN CRAVEN (02) 231-4091 PERTH: (09) 368-1800 MELBOURNE: MARK DEWHIRST (03) 26-5522 BRISBANE: (07) 52 8455 PrínI UL TRS-80 Hotline Users of TRS-80 who have problems can now get expert advice from 111111117 Tandy via their newly established 'Computer Hotline'. By dialling 008-22-6366 from number, memory size, number of CURVIER SEMI anywhere in Australia (outside the disk drives .and disk operating Sydney Metropolitan area), they can system, as well as any error 1 Q.dtY Servce bQ+ty get skilled help with all their hard- messages connected with their asr u ware and software problems for the problem. - onix price of a local call. Callers in the Tandy would like callers to use ''r iéktr Sydney area should ring 638-6633 the hotline 4 i I - - only for calls about I and ask for the 'Computer Hotline'. operating problems. Enquiries Trained staff man the hotline about prices, availability, and 'phones from 9 am to 5 pm Eastern specifications of TRS-80 hardware Standard Time, Monday to Friday. and software should be made to For quickest service, hotline local TRS-80 Computer Centres, callers should be ready with Tandy stores or Tandy dealers. information about their model New USART available Tektronix now operates a fleet of vans in the Sydney and Melbourne Standard Microsystems Corporation has released the COM 8251A metropolitan areas, to give faster service to users of its computer graphics Universal Synchronous/Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter equipment. Each van carries all the most commonly needed boards and other (USART). The COM 8251A is a pin -for -pin replacement for the spare parts necessary for maintenance and repairs, and most repairs are Industry standard 8251A. carried out on the spot by trained technicians. Tektronix plans to extend the The COM 8251A USART for both asynchronous and syn- service later to its other service centres in Australia. provides the serial -to -parallel and chronous communication. parallel -to -serial data conversions For additional information, for interfacing a parallel micro- please contact AJF Systems & The Apple H Users' Guide processor buss to a serial bit stream. Components, 310 Queen St, By Lon Poole In addition, it provides the various Melbourne Vic. 3000. (03)67-9306. Osborne -McGraw-Hill, approx $17. 'handshakes' and controls required As its name suggests, this is not a beginner's book for Apple pro- gramming and operation. It is a guidebook for those who own an 11 J.LOId- _ Apple and would like the information contained in the manuals in one easy reference book. This book answers, in one reference, many of the most i.:::::! °. -asked questions of first-time Apple users. The first chapter covers actual the Apple has a great deal to offer setting -up and describes the various the budding programmer. . .'-r.... pieces of hardware that typically Such as i. Rrmr: topics creating sound accompany an Apple system. from machine language, the :,.o: t,i The book goes on to explain generation of shape tables and - I _fr;n,rrR7 some of the more commonly used high -resolution graphics access keyboard commands of the Apple, from .11111! Integer BASIC are also including the loading and saving of covered, as is the saving of pictures cassette tape programs as well as and shape tables to both disk and 1 Irirnnr r.::.r.:' .. the use of the more common disk tape. commands. At this point it stresses What I considered to be the best correct handling of disk media and feature of the whole book were the i4, : rl, correct operation of the drives appendices, in which is contained a themselves. Setting -up is then wealth of information on the various discussed, although unfortunately peeks, pokes and calls which are no mention is made of the PAL available. Also covered are the colour card, which is necessary on editing commands and error Australian Apples. messages, while for the more Both Integer and Applesoft advanced user, the Apple's memory BASICs are covered, although this is map and disk format are also Memory upgrade for not a complete instructional course discussed. in BASIC programming. Editing on This book strikes me as a Commodore Computers the Apple is covered in this section, reference manual containing much as is the operation of BASIC in of the information which is spread MicroPro Design now have available a memory upgrade module for immediate and deferred modes. over many Apple manuals, rather is Commodore computers which said to allow the memory capacity The chapter on the disk system than a book for the teaching of new of the 8K and 16K Commodore CBM microcomputers to be describes each of the disk Apple users. The title pretty well economically expanded to the full 32K bytes. commands available in the Apple sums up the contents as a guide to The module requires no tools for manufactured in Australia and is DOS. It does not attempt to be a present Apple users, containing fitting or be modifications to made supplied as a fully tested and complete 'teach-yourself on the much useful information which to the standard computer, and is assembled unit. use of disk commands within a otherwise would mean tedious plugged onto the directly memory For further information contact program and is basically little more searching through manuals to expansion connectors inside the A.J. Mowat, MicroPro Design Pty than a short description of these locate. computer. Ltd, Suite 205, 6 Clarke St, Crows commands. I was glad to see a David Hanney The unit was designed and Nest NSW 2065. (02)438-1220. chapter devoted to an area where Computerland, Sydney

80 - December 1981 ETI THE AUSTRALIAN SOURCE

PRESENTS .. . THE ULTIMATE GIFT

A V.I.P. MEMBERSHIP WHICH ENTITLES YOU TO: 1.-UNLIMITED ACCESS IN OFF PEAK HOURS (6 p.m. -8 p.m.), 2-A MAXIMUM OF 4 HOURS USAGE DAILY DURING PEAK HOURS (8 a.m.-6 p.m.), 3-AN EXCLUSIVE V.I.P. HOT-LINE PHONE NUMBER FOR ASSISTANCE AND 4-SPECIAL EXTRA DISCOUNTS ON ALL PRODUCTS MARKETED BY THE AUSTRA- 1 .11 LIAN SOURCE. ALL THIS (IN EFFECT A MAINFRAME COMPUTER CONNECTED TO YOUR MICRO -COMPUTER AT YOUR BECK AND CALL FOR A WHOLE YEAR) FOR ONLY $1000.

t . .

The AUSTRALIAN SOURCE is Austra- SOFTWARE BANK THE AUSTRALIAN SOURCE lia's first microcomputer information Users will have access to a myriad of utility, aimed at giving the average computer programs that will include IS PROBABLY THE BEST microcomputer user access to the entertainment, educational aids, pro- computer data banks and also massive gramming and diagnostic tools, and VALUE THERE IS IN THE storage space previously only available financial applications. to large Mainframe installations. The era MAINFRAME POWER MICRO -MARKET TODAY. of home computers has now officially now that the Users will have the capability to make begun in ustralia, MI MI al al al WI IN AUSTRALIAN SOURCE is here; as now, use of the Mainframe's huge storage IM MI I= Eli la la student can capacity by using any of our large any small businessman or large have on his desk for an extremely small programs, or storing your system. INFORMATION REQUEST cost; a system that has the level of programs on our to data EASY TO USE storage power and accesss EXTREMELY Please send me your free information on banks for which only a few years ago, You do not have to be a computer government departments and large program/nor to make use of the II your special offer as a Christmas Gift or private users were paying millions of AUSTRALIAN SOURCE All of the for myself. dollars. instructions are in everyday English, so be members of your THE AUSTRALIAN SOURCE can that even the younger Name accessed through a number of family will be able to operate the system. 'approved' personal computers, and LOW COST 1 Address terminals, by use of an accoustic like these used to cost or modem. While services coupler tens of thousands of dollars to the Users will receive a number of benefits government departments and large City which will Include: corporations who used them, they ar INFORMATION SERVICES are now available to you for less than State a day I Members will have access to a number the cost of a packet of cigarettes user. of Information sources which will include for the 'average' Postcode the latest news, sports results, financial You can join the AUSTRALIAN reports, and farm information. SOURCE by paying a one-time joining hourly Phone NATIONWIDE ELECTRONIC MAIL fee (normally $100) and a small user charge (normally $10 an hour 8 I Members will be able, also, to 6 p.m. -8 p.m. and $4.50 an hour I in the special offer, but send me nationwide with other a.m.-6 am not interested communicate am.). Information on Joining on a regular membership basis. AUSTRALIAN SOURCE members through our electronic mall system. THE AUSTRALIAN SOURCE PTY LTD 364 LATROBE ST., MELBOURNE VIC 3000 THE AUSTRALIAN SOURCE (03) 329 7998 RECOMMENDS 3M DISKETTES MICROCOMPUTER OWNERS & BUYERS IMPORTANT NOTICE GREAT NEWS FROM COMPUTER COUNTRY It is not necessary to trade off getting the professional pre -sales advice and after-sales hardware and software back-up and service that Computer Country that hs long been famous for in order to get low prices for your computer purchases. Computer Country because of its large sales volume and keen sourcing ability is now able to give extremely low prices and probably be able to meet or better any prices you will be quoted elsewhere. INTRODUCING THE APPLE OWNERS! NEC PC -8000 NEW DIGICARD PAL CARD PROFESSIONAL COMPUTER Great color plus displays text in either green or It combines the most wanted features of white. Only - $189 Tax Free. existing micros with new features you have CPS MULTIFUNCTION CARD always been looking for. 3 Cards in one. These features include 4MHz Z-80 CPU, Calendar/clock, serial and parallel interface 80x25 display with graphics and 8 colors, only - $325 Tax Free. 32K Ram (expandable to 64K), 24K ROM, CCS CALENDAR/CLOCK MODULE parallel/serial/cassette interface, upper/ Puts Date and lower case, numeric keypad, 10 special Time at your fingertips. Only $189 Tax Free. function keys and real time clock - all built - in. ASK FOR OUR GREAT SPECIAL PRICES The NEC Professional Computer gives you ON NORTHSTAR COMPUTERS. much more for your money than almost any other micro on the market. FRANCHISE OPPORTUNITIES JOIN "COMPUTER COUNTRY' 3 CASH -IN ON EXPLOSIVE GROWTH

Now you have a chance to get your share of the explosive growth of the microcomputer industry. "COMPUTER COUNTRY" is a retail microcomputer showroom marketing concept which offers a wide range of microcomputer products and accessories designed to satisfy the requirements for small business management, personal use as well as educational and scientific applications. A COMPUTER COUNTRY area franchise is a unique and rewarding venture in a highly dynamic and rapidly expanding field. It is more than a business, it represents an innovative approach to conventional problem solving. Of the people you know today, probably very few can operate a computer right now. Yet in the not too distant future, computer operation will become a basic element in day-to-day functions for anyone who works, plays or studies. As a COMPUTER COUNTRY area franchisee, you can participate in the huge growth that is only around the corner for the microcomputer industry. You can create for yourself, more than just a successful business, but a very valuable asset that will grow as you, the microcomputer industry and Australia grows in the 1980s. CALL THE MANAGING DIRECTOR NOW BEFORE YOUR STATE IS TAKEN. 338 Queen Street, C Melbourne, 3000 (OMPIJIER 329 7533 Print out Vector's new system has . 8 -inch Winchesters , 32 megabytes of mass storage are available on the new Vector 3032 system, thanks to the inclusion of an eight -inch Winchester hard disk drive. Vector say they opted for As well as the Winchester, the Winchesters rather than cartridge- 3032 also includes a 680K mini - 1 e.n w type hard disks, because they are floppy disk drive, which can be used «SDI r o to back up critical data files. Both e , cheaper, more reliable, faster and IIVIDD s need no preventive maintenance. the hard disks and the floppies are '--1.11~ 111.111. The 32 megabytes of disk storage controlled by a version of the allows software to make full use of Vector's DualMode disk controller the maximum size files (8 mega- and the accuracy of the data stored rii bytes) allowed by the CP/M 2 on them is protected by Vector's ,¡ operating system. Automatic Error Detection and Like other members of the Vector Correction system. Floppy and hard lLJ 1418r -.. ,,1 .1=0. si 3 family, the 3035 uses a Z8OB disk drives are both contained in a " ^E'-_4 microprocessor and a 4K ROM. single unit that can sit on top of or However, the microprocessor is underneath a desk. -board micro has up to clocked at 6 MHz, a 50% increase in More details from the distributors, Single speed, which should lead to a Dicker Data Projects Pty Ltd, 24 64K RAM and 32K ROM significant increase in system Woodfield Blvd, Caringbah NSW from Memory performance. 2229. (02)524-5639. The MCPU-800 single board microcomputer Electronics is claimed to have more computing power, memory and I/O capability than any comparable product. Sanyo screen is easy on the eyes The STD compatible board, Many applications can be served which ís configured around a Z -80A by the MCPU-800 card alone, Sanyo's DM 8112CX data display monitor incorporates several clocked at 4 MHz, measures only eliminating the need for a card cage features aimed at improving the eye comfort of its operators. 175 mm x 115 mm x 12 mm. Four and motherboard, but addition of an Its non -reflective P31 green 24 -pin sockets accept 2K, 4K or 8K STD Disk Controller board enables screen has a resolution of 850 lines ROM and EPROM chips, and on- it to be used in a full Z80 computer at the centre, and its almost flat board jumpers allow different system with up to four disk drives, surface reduces distortion at the density chips to be mixed on the with many slots still available for edges. This is particularly important same board. RAMs may be single- special purpose cards like analogue in word processing applications supply 16K, 32K or 64K dynamics, or digital I/O. with 80 columns of characters on or triple -supply 16K. A memory For more details, contact the screen. map port allows use of both RAM Memory Electronics, 70 Patterson Designed to meet the needs of and ROM in the same address Road, Moorabbin Vic. 3189. (03) OEM computer and data pro- space. 557-7992 or 557-5394 cessing companies, the monitor's conservative styling should enable it to be matched with most of the User's related hardware currently being Queensland Commodore produced. Group For further information contact Walker St, North Sydney NSW Users' Group of Queensland meets on the first Sanyo Office Machines Pty Ltd, 127 2060. (02)929-4644. The Commodore Tuesday of every month at Construction House, 130 Petrie Terrace, Brisbane at 7.00 pm. Business begins at 7.30 pm. Real time multitasking software For more information call Bill Brown during business hours on (07)397- A new software package from Motorola includes all the basic task 0888, or Mrs. Dillon after hours on (07)349-6612. control algorithms necessary for complex real time multitasking functions. Real time systems respond to facility and an optional memory Victor mini monitor external events as they occur. finlike management facility. It can be used high -resolution batch systems, where each opera- in customer -designed hardware The latest CRT monitor from Victor is a compact and commercial environments. tion is completed before the next is incorporating the Motorola model designed for use in industrial begun, real time systems can delay MC68000 microprocessor, or in The VDP-582S offers 500 -line the completion of one operation so systems built around the Motorola resolution on a P31 green phosphor that another operation can be VERSAmodule monoboard micro- screen measuring 95 mm x 70 mm. started, continued or completed. computer. The circuitry includes a spot killer to Keeping two or more operations in RMS68K is also compatible with ensure long life for the phosphor progress at one time is called the EXORmacs development coating. It requires only a 12 volt dc concurrent processing or multi- system and the VERSAdos supply, which makes it suitable for tasking. Although a single MPU can operating system. This means that mobile operations. I a only be working on one operation at programs designed to execute Rear -mounted controls are pro- a time, multitasking gives the under the control of RMS68K will vided for adjustment of brightness, illusion of several operations also execute under the control of vertical hold, horizontal hold, executing simultaneously. VERSAdos on the EXORmacs vertical height and vertical linearity. ; The new Motorola software is system. For more information, contact Ferntree called RMS68K. It includes a task For information contact David Alfatron Pty Ltd, 1761 controller, an inter -task com- Ednie of Rank Electronics on Gully Road, Ferntree Gully Vic. munication facility, an initialisation (03)541-8444. 3156. (03)758-9551. ETI December 1981 - 83 miororrin+ S100 MICROCOMPUTING WE TAKE S100 SERIOUSLY Introducing a high quality, cost-effective, locally produced S100 microcomputer system. And we are proud of our achievement! QUALITY IS BUILT IN For a system to be of truly high quality, each element must meet exacting standards. We began our system by designing our own 12 -slot motherboard, power supply, and cabinet. We then chose a series of S100 boards whose reliability and performance was well-known; added a floppy disc subsystem; and found a VDU with just the right features we wanted. The result was a complete microcomputer system with impressive specifications. THE BASIS As the motherboard is the link between all system compo- 256K bytes using the latest chips. The bank select feature nents, it deserves special attention. We incorporated state- allows the use of up to eight boards simultaneously for of-the-art design features like true active termination, and multiuser applications. microstrip interconnecting lines. Crosstalk between adjacent Either single or double density recording is possible with the lines and signal reflections have been largely eliminated for Versafloppy 2 disc controller. Both eight and five inch drives reliable data transfer, even at the high operating speeds of may be used, in combination if required. Phase locked loop the new microprocessors. data recovery circuitry ensures data integrity and high relia- The power supply has been designed for dependable opera- bility. tion and offers substantial scope for expansion. A full 20A at In combination with the Versafloppy 2, our dual eight inch 8 volts and 4A for the other two supplies is sufficient for an floppy disc subsystem can store up to two megabytes of entire complement of cards. You may not need all the information. Packaged in a cabinet matching our card cage, capabilities now, but its nice to know they're there when you it comes complete with double sided drives, power supply, do. cooling fan and cable. A lot of effort went into producing an aesthetically pleasing case. Constructed of aluminium and only seven inches high, SO, WHAT DO YOU GET? the cabinet is finished in textured beige and brown with a The combination of our cabinet, floppy disc system, visual silk-screened front panel. Its appearance makes it equally display unit, and three S100 cards produces a complete and suitable for the laboratory or office environment. A cooling very powerful microcomputer system. Its areas of applica- fan is supplied as standard. tion are numerous, including word processing, small to medium businesses, accounting work, education, and re- BUT WHAT'S INSIDE? search. And you will be pleasantly surprised at its low cost. The heart of the system is the SBC200 by S.D. Systems, a But the good news is that any element can be obtained Z-80 based CPU running at 4 MHz. An RS232 I/O port allows separately. You can start in a small way and expand when connection to a terminal, and a parallel port to a printer. the need arises, knowing that all parts are designed to work Automatic baud rate selection is provided by virtue of a together perfectly. Further extension will also be possible: counter/timer circuit, three channels of which can be used for multi-user systems are available now, and hard disc other functions. Up to 16K of EPROM can be stored on the systems are being developed. CPU card, making for a compact system. Price for a complete system with 64K memory, 2.5 The concept of efficient use of components is further de- Megabytes of disc storage, CP/M 2.2 disc operat- monstrated by the dynamic memory card. One Expan- ing system, and a Hazeltine Esprit green screen doRAM 2 can hold up to 64K bytes of RAM, expandable to terminal, is just $5195.

SYSTEM PRODUCTS

5100 CARD CAGE EXPANDORAM 2 DVAMIC RAM Z-80 STARTER KIT Attractive sprayed aluminium, complete with 12 slot motherboard, A single dynamo RAM card that will hold 64K. Expandable to 256K This is a unique desgn, especially suitable for education, control cooling fan, and 20A power supply. Fully assembled 8 with tested. 5350 the latest chips. Page mode operation allows the use of up to applications, experimentation, and for those who want a compete FLOPPY DISC SUBSYSTEM eight boards for mulhuser applications. Supplied with 200 nS 2116's system for the lowest possible outlay. It Is a complete microcompu- In a matching cabinet to our for a MHz operation. Ideal for use with the SBC 200 and Versatloppy ter based on the Z-80 and a card cage. complete with twin double - contains keyboard and seven segment headed Remex or YE Dala drives. Fully assembled 8 tested with 2. Kit 16K 5360. 32K 5440, 48K 5520., 64K 5600 display. Ideal lot evaluting the Z-80 or learning about moropoces- cable. 51850. VERSAFLOPPY 2 DISC CONTROLLER sors, t provides 1K of memory on board (expandable to 2K): con- tains PROM programmer SBC 200 SINGLE BOARD COMPUTER State -of -the -ad controller operates with all combinations of drive a that is suitable for the 2758 and 2716 EPROM 5: includes a cassette interface for the Z-80 based 4 MHz microcomputer with 1K RAM and sockets for types in single or double densty modes, and has PLL data recovery storage and loading circuit, with of programs; and comes with a powerful monitor (ZBUG) mat pro- BKI16K PROM. synchronous and asynchronous serial VO port with Operates SDOS or CPIM 2.2. Kit 5350 vides a large number Of functions. A wire software programmable baud rate generator. RS232 interface, PROM 100 PROM PROGRAMMER wrap area allows the addition Of custom circuitry, and the provision for two parallel ports, four channel counterlbmer, power -on lump. and vec- Capable of programming all popular EPROMs such as 2708, 2758. 5100 sockets means expansion is almost limitless. Two bidirectional VO pods tored interrupt operation. Kit with monitor in 2716 PROM 5350 2716 and 2732. Zero mserdon force socket is standard. Kit 5199 and a counterPimer circuit completes the impressive list of features. Kit VDB 8024 VIDEO DISPLAY BOARD 5340. On -board Z-80 and CRT 5037 controller I/O mapped, 80 x 24 lines plus programmable characters. Kit 5370.

A range of software is available to suit the above system, as are other peripherals such as dot matrix and daisy wheel printers. Please send for a complete catalogue. MICROTRIX Showroom/Workshop: 75 Grand Boulevard, Montmorency. Office/postal: PO Box 158, Hurstbridge, Vic., 3099 Ph. (03) 718 2581 What's so hard about building a Heathkit product?

THE GET j EASY -TO - nothing! FOLLOW STARTED INSTRUCTIONS even show you how to solder perfect Ez1connections!

ALL THE PARTS ARE INCLUDED - even solder - so all you need are a soldering iron, wire cutter, pliers and a screwdriver!

JUST PICK A KIT... ANY KIT Whether you're a beginner or an experienced kit builder, you'll find it's easier than you'd dreamed!

411.

AND TO THINK YOU BUILT IT YOURSELF! It's STEP-BY-STEP, CHECKING AS YOU GO- ONE LAST CHECK that all the connections are a great feeling. You saved money - you en- you cant go wrong when you do one made right, and you're ready to turn It on... joyed it - and you ended up with a great, step at a time and check your work! hand-crafted product! You can start right now...fill in the coupon and mail it today!

Every Heathkit product in our '81 catalog is designed to be built by people with little or no prior knowledge or kit -building experience. For more than a quarter of a century, people from every walk of life have been building them-successfully-and so can you. Heathkit products offer outstanding performance with E kit -form savings and provide the satisfaction that comes from creating something of value with your own hands. Send to Each kit includes a comprehensive, easy -to -understand Warburton Franki Heathkit Centre I Víc. 699 4999 assembly manual that reduces even the most complex 220 Park Street, South Melbourne, 3205. Phone: operation to a simple step-by-step procedure. Every step is fully and illustrated. The possibility of error explained I ame I is practically eliminated because you check your work as you go. Address

I Find out how you can enjoy the savings, value and Postcode I personal satisfaction of building your own Heathkit State products, by sending for the 1981 Heathkit catalog today!

Wi)69A0 Newton's cool This program can be looked upon as a macabre twist of the game of Life. Morbid -minded physicists will take J.D. Lee delight in this unusual application of Newton's Law of Cooling. Botanists, biologists and other lay people are let and in on the secret first so that they too can play the game. T.D. Lee

NEWTON'S Law of Cooling states that Nevertheless, they are constant for any as given by Newton's Law of Cooling. the rate at which a body cools in a one body. Thus: The time of death may be calculated. draught is directly proportional to the -dQ is proportional to t59 (2) excess temperature - that is, the dt (tint bony temperature air temperature) temperature difference between the - 11 Moreover lemeot In - (body temperature - au temperature) J time body and its surroundings. Whilst this the heat content, Q, of a body death = between [(second air temperature} should be well known by physicists, who is its heat capacity multiplied by its bode temperature - readingsa dings - (hest body temperature - are temperature) l regard any object as a body, it is less absolute temperature 8. Thus: Q is I frequently known by others. proportional to 8, hence To illustrate this law an example is chosen which is likely to be remembered -dQ is proportional to -de (3) The Five -Fourths Law of Cooling was by a wide variety of morbid users. The dt dt determined empirically by Dulong and example deals with bodies - dead Combining equations (2) and (3) shows Petit, and justified theoretically by bodies! The way in which the time of that the rate of cooling, -da/dt, óf the Lorentz in 1881. Users who are sur- death of a body may be established from body is proportional to the excess prised at their results are referred to temperature readings will be described. temperature, L8. Newton arrived at the those mentioned above or to Newton This will be immensely useful to poten- same conclusion about three hundred himself! tial pathologists and aspiring assassins, years ago! A BASIC program is provided, and a computer program is provided for written in a most elementary sub -set of the benefit of hon-physicists. Programming the macabre! the language, which should facilitate its Mathematically it can be shown that implementation on a wide variety of Background the body temperature falls exponential- computers. A sample run is also When alive, a human body is closely ly towards the air temperature. If a body provided. regulated to maintain a temperature of temperature reading is taken at an un- 98.4°F (approximately 37°C) except known time after death, it is not Description of the program during illness such as a fever. When a possible to calculate when the body was The program first asks if the user person dies, their body is no longer at 98.4°F since the proportionality requires full instructions. An answer of maintained at this temperature and constant is not known. However, if two YES or NO is expected and all other consequently it gradually cools towards temperature readings are taken with a responses are rejected. Depending on room temperature. For a physicist's known time interval between them, the answer explicit or shortened type of body, for example a bar of metal, then the time of death may be messages are printed during the first the rate at which the heat is connected calculated. run. Regardless of the answer, short messages along the bar is given by: terse body temperature - au temperatur! are always given on the In (anew body temperature - aer temperature time between second and subsequent runs. -dQ= KAoe death neadmgs dt oz (1) In second body temperature - au teperaturm The user is invited to choose whether temperature - an temperature to use the Celsius or Fahrenheit where - dQ/dt is the rate of heat loss with time, temperature scales. The reply is K is the thermal conductivity of the metal, The time of death thus calculated is A is the (cross sectional) area through which heat checked and only C or F are allowed. travels, given as the time before the first In turn the air temperature, the first AO is the temperature difference between the two temperature reading was taken. Un- body temperature and the second body ends, fortunately Newton's Law of Cooling temperature are requested. Checks are Ax is between the distance the two ends. only applies in a strong constant performed to ensure that the numbers For a human body, the heat is conducted draught, which would be the case in an entered are reasonable. Warning from the centre of the body, through the exposed windy location, or in an air messages are printed if the values are skin and clothes to the air. In a strong conditioned building. In still air, the out of range and the user has to re -type draught the warmer air is immediately air warms up and natural convection an acceptable value. Finally the user is Mown away. The constant K in equation occurs. The rate of cooling -d8/dt is asked for the time of the interval be- (1) represents the thermal conductivity given by tween the temperature readings. This of skin and clothes combined, A is the is - de is proportion to ts9s' too checked, and must be positive and surface area of the body and Ax is the dt less than five hours. thickness of skin and clothes. Not only rather than The time of death is calculated using are these three terms unknown, they Newton's Law of Cooling (in a draught), also vary depending on the physique -deis proportional to 09 and the Five -Fourths Law. and state of dress of the particular body. dt An explanation of the methods is pro -

86 - December 1981 ETI O1tPUTIM 1OW

vided on request and finally the user is These are DIMensioned in line 10 so such implementations of BASIC line 10 asked if he would like another run. that I$ may contain up to three should be omitted. characters and Q$ up to ten characters. A Air temperature surroundings List of variables For a number of versions of BASIC B Body temperature (when alive) The strings Q$ and I$ are used for the strings are handled in a different way D Death time in minutes before first reading F First temperature reading made on corpse replies to questions and whether full and DIM I$ (3) reserves space for four S Second temperature reading made on corpse instructions are required respectively. strings I$(0), I$(1), I$(2) and I$(3). For T Time in minutes between the two readings

Program Listing 770 PRINT "temperature difference between the body and the atmosphere." 780 PRINT "Newton's Law applies if the body is in a strong constant" 790 PRINT "draught 10 DIM 15(3), Q$(10) eg. an air conditioned room. Such cooling is called" PRINT "FORCED 20 PRINT TAB(30); 'Time of Death" 800 convection. If the atmosphere is still Newton's Law" 810 PRINT "does not apply and the neat loss is proportional to the" 30 PRINT TAB(30); " 40 PRINT 820 PRINT "excess temperature to the power 1.25. This is called the" PRINT "Five 50 PRINT "Would you like FULL instructions" 830 Fourths Law for NATURAL convection and gives rise to" 60 GOS)LB 940 840 PRINT "the second result." 850 PRINT 70 LET IS QS 860 PRINT "Would you like another 80 IF IS = "NO" 'THEN 160 run" OJSUB 930 90 PRINT 870 880 LET IS = "N7" 100 PRINT "This program calculates how long a person has been dead" 890 IF Q$ _ "YES" THEN 150 110 PRINT "from two body temperature readings, the time between the" 900 PRINT "You are finished - Rigor Mortis has set in" 120 PRINT "readings and the surrounding air temperature. Newton's" 910 STOP 130 PRINT "Law of Cooling is assumed if the body is in a draught" 920 REM * SUBROUTINE TO SORT OUT YES / NO ANSWERS 140 PRINT "otherwise the Five Fourths Law of Natural Convection is used" IF IS = "ND" 150 PRINT 930 THEN 950 940 PRINT "Type YES or ND and press RETURN" 160 PRINT "Would you like to work in degrees Celcius or Fahrenheit" 950 INPUT QS 170 IF IS = "NO" 'THEN 190 960 IF Q$ _ "YES" THEN 1000 180 PRINT "Tyre C or F and press RETURN" IF Q$ = "NO" 190 INPUT QS 970 THEN 1000 980 PRINT "Reply '"; QS; "' not understood. Re-"; 200 REM * SET NORMAL BODY TEMPERATURE B 990 GOTO 940 210 LET B = 98.6 1000 RETURN 220 IF Q$ "F" THEN 270 1010 END 230 LET B = 37 240 IF Q$ = "C" THEN 270 250 PRINT "Reply '"; QS; "' not understood. Re-"; 260 0710 180 Sample run 270 PRINT "Type the air temperature" Time of Death 280 INPUT A 290 IF (A + 40) (A - B) < 0 THEN 330 Would you like FULL instructions 300 PRINT "The air temperature must be between -40 degrees" Type YES or NO and press RETURN

310 PRINT "and"; B; " degrees. Re-"; ? YES 320 j.71O 270 330 PRINT "Type the first body temperature" This program calculates now long a person has been dead 340 INPUT F from two body temperature readings, the time between the 350 IF (F - B) (F - A) < 0 THEN 390 readings and the surrounding air temperature. Newton's

360 PRINT "The first body temperature mast be between"; B; " and"; A; Law of Cooling is assumed if the body is in a draught 370 PRINT "degrees. Re-"; Otherwise the Five Fourths Law of Natural Convection is used 380 (20'10 330 390 PRINT "Type the second body temperature" Would you like to work in degrees Celcius or Fahrenheit 400 INPUT S Type C or F and press RETURN 410 IF (S - F) (S - A) <0THEN 450 ?C 420 PRINT "The second body temperature must be between'; F; " and"; A; Type the air temperature 430 PRINT "degrees. Re-"; 7 6 .Type 440 0.710 390 the first body temperature 450 LETS=S- A ? 25 460 LE`rF=F - A Type the second body temperature 470 LET B = B - A ? 14 480 PRINT "Type the time in minutes between temperature readings" Type the time in minutes between temperature readings 490 IF IS = "NO" THEN 510 Then press RETURN 500 PRINT "Then press RETURN" ? 45 510 INPUT T Assuming that the body was in a strong constant wind, 520 IF T * (T - 300) < 0 THEN 570 the person died 25 minutes before the first reading. 530 PRINT "The time must be between 0 and 300 minutes (five hours)" 540 PRINT "Re-"; If the body was in still air then a better estimate is 550 (OT0 480 21 minutes before the first reading. 560 REM * CALCULATE TIME OF DEATH USING NEWTON'S LAW OF COOLING 570 LET D INP(LOG(F / B) T / LOG(S / F) + 0.5) Would you like an explanation of the methods 580 PRINT "Assuming that the body was in a strong constant wind," Type YES or NO and press RETURN 590 PRINT "the person died"; 7 YES 600 IF D < 60 THEN 620 610 PRINT INT(D / 60); " hours and"; The first method uses Newton's Law of Cooling which assumes that the rate of cooling of a body is proportional to the 620 PRINT D - 60 * INT(D / 60); " minutes before the first reading." temperature 630 PRINT difference between the body and the atmosphere. Newton's Law if the body a strong 640 REM CALCULATE TIME OF DEATH USING FIVE FOURTHS LAW applies is in constant draught eg. an air conditioned room. Such cooling is called 650 LET D = INT((B"(-.25) - F"(-.25)) * T / (F"(-.25) - S"(-.25)) + 0.5) FORCED convection. If the atmosphere is still Newton's Law 660 PRINT "If the body was in still air then a better estimate is" does not apply and the heat loss is to the 670 IF D < 60 THEN 690 proportional excess temperature to the power 1.25. This is called the 680 PRINT INT(D / 60); " hours and"; Five Fourths Law for NATURAL convection and gives rise to 690 PRINT D - 60 INT(D / 60); " minutes before the first reading." the 700 PRINT second result. 710 PRINT "Would you like an explanation of the methods" 720 OJSUB 930 Would you like another run Type YES or NO and press RETURN 730 IF Q$ = "NO" THEN 850 7 NO 740 PRINT You are finished - Rigor Mortis has set in 750 PRINT "The first method uses Newton's Taw of Cooling which assumes" 760 PRINT "that the rate of cooling of a body is proportional to the" OK,

ETI December 1981 - 87 System sales (as Id 510,000 150000 00

135000 00 System sales (kits) $8,000 4 120000 00 D Repairs & Maintenance 105000.00 $6,000 53 E 90000.00

A 15000.00 $4,000 i --i --+ i-- h--Í R 60000.00 !- N I i Component sales Miscellaneous 15000.00 ¡ 30000.00 $2.000 a ' 15000.00 O LI i J iii'{ii.kI Component rentals .00 m Jan Feb Mar Apr May lm lul kur Sro at Noy Da 1 3 5 1 9 11 2 4 6 8 10 12 IN PREVIOUS YEAR M CURRENT YEAR System rentals 1980 'DYNAMIC GROWTH' (MONTHLY TOTALS) ACTUAL Rictuses of UNIVERSAL Corporal« REVENUE FOR FISCAL YEAR 1919-80

EXPECTED

LINE CHART BAR CHART PIE CHART

0 Q e o 0

Cs 9-

G

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With the North Star Advantage, A.D.E. can now offer The small business computer user to the computer industry a significant small business will be able to integrate graphics computer breakthrough. For the first into everyday business without time there is available a high paying a premium. The Advantage performance, fully integrated package is available for a desktop computer capable of remarkable $5,595. At that sort of producing bar charts, pie charts, price, and with the ability to plotted graphics and produce everything from a three-dimensional visuals. 3 -dimensional visual to a pie chart, the Advantage will give The Advantage's features include YI two integrated double -sides, h411Ir1 businessmen a chance to grab a double -density floppy disk drives, e bigger slice of the profit pie. an 87 key Selectric® style keyboard . Talk to your A.D.E. whichincludes 15 programmable Representative now. function keys, a 12-inch green flww** graphics display, business graphics , software and self-diagnostic capabilities. The A.D.E Advantage package is completed with the excellent OKI Microline 82A Serial Dot Matrix Printer. NorthShar

ANDERSON DIGITAL EQUIPMENT PTY LTD' PO. Box 322, MT. WAVERLEY, VIC. AUST. 3149 Phone: (03) 543 2077. PO. Box 341, Pennant Hills, N.S.W. AUST. 2120. Phone: (02) 848 8533. Adelaide: 46 4062. Perth: 3876055. Hobart:,34 4522. 1625. AWE Brisbane: 350 2¢11. Darwin: 81 2712. Canberra: 58 1811. Newcastle: 69 Albury/Wodonga: (060) 26 7209. New Zealand. Wellington: 69 3008. Auckland: 54 4224. Christchurch: 4 3001. New Guinea. Lae: 42 3924. *Price includes duty, sales tax applicable. *Registered Trade Mark DHA/ADE5981 /NST FROM THE 8100 SPECIALISTS What Makes AED's S100 SuperComputer Different? IEEE S100 construction or 6MHz Z80 or 5MHz 8085 and 8088 operation - Super - -4 Mapped Reliable Static RAM, drawing less power than Dynamic - Super Fast Memory "Un -Serial" Terminal - CP/M 2.2 plus SUPERAED - Realistic System Pricing. SUPERAED features: - Automatic Background Memory Testing - Keyboard Lockout with Password Re -Entry: A cold boot is not enough to bypass the password, either! - Automatic Memory Corruption monitoring during lockout - Help: Menu driven user assistance program - Smartkey: Keyboard Intelligence system - Monaed: Advanced Monitor program, accéssible from within CP/M! - Keyboard and Software selection of up to 8 printers - Keyboard and Software controlled display speed - Chunky Graphics - Alternate character sets available - Keyboard Substitution: Now your BASIC or machine code (or whatever) program can perform CP/M keyboard entries, and hence console functions directly - has to be seen to be believed. Drop in to our Showroom at GUILDFORD for a demonstration of the AED SUPERCOMPUTER, other AED Turnkey systems, the STARTER System, and the Exidy Sorcerer.

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:,II Iri k 1. Patrick Rod Mullinor, Susan Penhaligan, Sir of Nazareth), Per, Oscarsson The story of a couple Robert Helpmann A coma patient suddenly who, after nine years of marriage each embark on a r BETAMAX develops strange powers and confronts all those romantic interlude. unknown to each other Just PLEASE INDICATE O VHS O tirar come near him "A suspense thriller brilliantly what were her secrets? See Jackie in her 'denied' I OZMAIL 11TH FLOOR 168 WALKER STREET, NORTH SYDNEY. performed "Australian production nude scene, SEND COUPON TO: OZMAIL P.O, BOX 60, CAMMERAY 2062. Rated M Colour 115 Mins Rated M Colour 115 Mats 1978 Release I NAME 2. Evil in the Deep Stephen Boyd stars as a skipper 6. Joe Peter Boyle is 'Joe', a factory worker with or a salvage boar who Cokes a group o1 divers to the a dislike of 'hippies and blacks' Itching for a Caribbean searching tora sunken ship But their confrontation, he gets his Chance when he finds I ADDRESS,. _ _ biggest problem by for lies waning for them down in his daughter living with 'drugged sex friends' His the deep of the ocean search for her ends in the ultimate tragedy From P/CODE Rated NRC Colour the director of 'Rocky' I ______Rated M Colour 107 Mins I enclose cheque money order or Bankcord 569.95 plus 51.50 per Cassette. 3.The Stick Up David Soul is a Nn loving bank robber in England in the early '30's He meets up 7. Halloween Donald Pleasance Jamie Lee Curtis I with an attractive and crazy lady and is lead Directed by John Carpenter The most successful. L]gz"o-TTT1 111 time a honor unwittingly into a plan to steal a million pounds independent motion picture al all I 1979 Release classics A patient escapes from a mental hospital of his Rated M Colour 103 Mins alter 15 years treatment for the brutal murder EXPIRY DATE SIGNATURE sister He returns to his home town to relive the crime on Halloween I 4. England Mode Me Peter Finch, Michael York A ORDER NO. & CASSETTE NAME powerful German Industrialist is having an affair Rated M Colour 92 Mons with his English secretory She persuades him to I employ her brother, but disaster reigns when the 6.The Swap Robert De Niro Star of 'Raging BuIr. brother becomes outspoken about his dislike for An ex con seeks revenge for the murder a1 his Me Nazis photographer brother He knows that all the evidence I Rated M Colour 104 Mins is on one piece of film Once he rinds that, men M will be the Swap an eye for an eye 1979 Release 5. Secrets Jacqueline Bisset Robert Powell (Jesus Rated M Colour 90 Ws I

Allow 14 days for delivery. 1 ETI December 1981 - 89 magmedia magmedia pm mum mob NOW - A COMPUTER KIT I SAVE! Verbatim FOR APPROX $99! Datalife E Means 7 data.shielding improvements ;SAVE!¡ for greater durability. longer life ON World's largest manufacturer of quality ' TM E Digital Recording Media. Supplying the broadest range of Diskettes and Mini Diskettes, Cassettes and Mini Cassettes, appic E Cartridges and Mini Cartridges for RORROOY= BUILD AN scientific, business and personal computer =00000al000 applications. E All Verbatim Media sets industry stan- dards for long -life, error -free data storage, Orange micro now with Datalife. That's why Verbatim storage media is the choice of leading manufacturers of Digital Developed by our parent com- Systems. Now it's available to you when you pany in New Zealand (Hug 1802) . . put your data into storage you get It back and upgraded by ETI as project Verbatim!! 660, this simple staté-of-the- Now a comprehensive manufacturing artkit allows the hobbyist to get operation is located in Melbourne, Austra- into micro -processors at mini- F. lia. Complete laboratory and QC test mal cost. This simple, single facilities are available to provide customer board E micro -computer has t- service and testing for most Verbatim already become the top selling products. micro kit in New Zealand - (Price $275.00 + S/Tax) E thoroughly tested & proven dur- QI ing the last 12 months. And for those wishing to expand, there Features: E are many add-on's already under development. runs Apple software

will take all add on cards as it has same type BUSS CLUB: Each custortner who pur- PAL is on main board, saves chases a kit from us, automatically buying a PAL add on card joins our 1802-660 club, will and be board is fully notified the moment socketed and has additional soft- all passive ware and hardware becomes avail- components and crystal. Just add IC's, able. Club members will also be ROM's, keyboard, able to swap software and interest- power supply and case. IO Complete range available ing applications. plug straight Verbatim 8" Flexible Disks into your home colour via Verbatim Cassettes TV RF modulator and save Verbatim Data Cartridges on buying a monitor. E EXTRA: In addition, each kit pur- Qi Verbatim Optima Series Alignment chased from KIT PARTS will have Dealer enquiries invited Diskettes the original 30 page HUG 1802 Verbatim 514" Mini Disks manual included E FREE OF Verbatim Mini Cassettes CHARGE! (usually $10). Prices of abacus Verbatim Mini Data Cartridges the kit plus colour add-on's may Verbatim Test Instruments vary slightly, so, if you're interested f0 'AVAILABLE FROM: in project 660, drop us a note now, Sole 'MELBOURNE . Australian distributor and the moment we have the in tiJ kit Rod Irving (03) 489 stock, we'll advise you of the exact 8131 details. Comp -soft (03) 428 5269 M magmedia ISYpNEY E Ma jmedie service puts the customer first Microvisions (02) 662 4063 PERTH E SYDNEY: 5 Apollo Place Lane Cove NSW 2066 IIMicro -base (09) 328 9308 Phone (02) 4281100 Telex AA22703 KIT PARTS (AUST) TASMANIA f0 MELBOURNE: 100 Park Street South Mel- PTY LTD. Coastal Computers (004) 313259 bourne Phone (03) 699 9688 Telex AA35968 IBRISBANE Private Bag, Noosa Heads, Old 4567 Custom Computer Services (07) 204 4995 BRISBANE: 123 Leichhardt Street Brisbane 512 Bridge Road, Richmond, OLD 4000 Phone (07)229 1941 Telex AA42367 NEW ZEALAND CUSTOMERS WRITE TO: ) Vic. 3121 HUG ELECTRONICS, BOX 6544 TE ARO, E CANBERRA: 25 Lonsdale Street Braddon Telephone (03) 429 5844 ACT WELLINGTON. 2601 Phone (062) 48 6751 Telex AA22703 ghTM Reg trade mark of Apple Computers Inc.

90 - December 1981 ETI MAWR SSE A single -board computer using the 2650 on an S100 card

The S10.0 buss has become one of the most successful buss standards for both hobbyist and professional applications. Most past ETI computer projects have supported this buss. This project continues the line of 'succession and uses the popular 2650 microprocessor in a single -board computer design with many features not found elsewhere. It is compatible with our previous S100 projects (e.g: the 640 VDU and 681 PCG) and follow-up projects and articles are to come. Ron Koenig

THE INTRODUCTION of the micro- In many applications the microcom- construction, is more flexible to the processor to the electronics scene has puter system is custom designed for the needs of future expansion. brought with it many great possibilities application required, but this is gener- Fortunately, the microprocessor lends and many new challenges for both the ally very expensive and quite inflexible itself naturally to the modular system hobbyist and professional system to the needs of future expansion. Instead approach. The concept of the buss - builder. While the microprocessor is of designing individual cards which are structured system can therefore be extremely flexible and is capable of dedicated to one application, it is often utilised to its maximum and provide the excelling in most applications over more cost effective to design small system designer with a means by which `discrete' circuit assemblies, it is unable general purpose cards which can be used he can buy and develop small general to operate by itself. The microprocessor as building blocks for larger systems. purpose cards and interconnect them via is only a system component and must be This individual tailoring allows the the microprocessor buss. supported by a variety of additional finished system to suit any given appli- The microprocessor buss forms the components to be capable of performing cation and, by its very nature of backbone to the microcomputer system. any given task. The basic microcomputer system is GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS - ETI 685 composed of three main units, or mod- ules. These are: the Central Processing Accommodates 2650A (1 MHz) or high speed 2650A-1 (2 MHz) CPUs. Unit (CPU), the Memory Unit and the On -board 4 MHz crystal oscillator supplying the CPU and buss clocks. Input/Output (I/O) Port Units. The 4K of on -board RAM memory switchable to any 4K address boundary. CPU with its associated control circuitry 4K of on -board EPROM memory configured as: -1K, 2K or 4K of EPROM memory commencing at '0000' hex. performs all the processing and system -Supports multirail and single rail 2708 and 2716 EPROMs. control operations. The Memory Unit -Selected on -board EPROM has priority over RAM Memory. usually consists of several blocks of -ROM memory can be enabled and disabled by software. memory, each with its own address The PHANTOM signal is generated when on -board RAM or EPROM is selected to decoding circuitry. The memory blocks disable any 'secondary' memory on the buss at the same address. can consist of either non-volatile Read One SERIAL PORT supported as EIA RS -232C and current loop. Only Memory (ROM) in which is stored One latched 8 -bit PARALLEL -IN 'keyboard' PORT. permanent programs (or data), or Ran- One Programmable Peripheral Interface (PPI) providing THREE PROGRAMMABLE strobed I/O, strobed bi- dom Access Memory (RAM) in which is PORTS. This PPI can provide combinations of static or directional or serial I/O and 16 -bit timer operations. is to stored variable data that subject One Programmable Interrupt Controller (PIC) providing eight levels of programmable change during program execution. The vectored interrupts. Input/Output Units and the associated Non -vectored interrupts using pINT and sINTA. control circuitry provide the primary Full S100 processor and status signal generation:- means by which the `external world' can -pWR, pDBIN, sMEMR, sMWRT, sWO, sINP and sOUT for memory and I/O data communicate with the CPU. All these interchange. units may be located simultaneously on -pSTVAL, pSYNC, 0 (1 MHz) and CLOCK (2 MHz) for buss timing. one board or on separate boards, and are -pOC for system initialisation. Fully buffered status, address and data lines. normally interconnected by a standard- Direct Memory Address (DMA) capability using pHOLD and pHLDA. `buss' is a or ised system buss. (A system CPU can address up to 512K of memory using a full 16 -bit S100 address buss and the group of interconnections common to an on -board bank select logic. assembly of different devices).

ETI December 1981 - 91 TED ºI9C1 ESE

It provides the communication 'high- Recently the S100 buss has attracted The S100 RAM Card (Project 642 from way' between the CPU and the systems the attention of the Institute of Electri- Feb. 1979) and the S100 PROM Board memory and input/output modules. A cal and Electronic Engineers in the USA. (Project 682 from March 1981) are great many microcomputer standard They have now drafted the IEEE -696 compatible with this project. The S100 busses exist today. Some of these have Specification for the buss, which defines VDU Board (Project 640 from April thrived because of the de facto accept- the electrical and buss timing 1978) and the S100 Programmable ance by large user groups, some by their specifications for the current generation Character Generator (Project 681 from ability to support a wide variety of of 16 -bit microprocessors. Some changes June 1980) are compatible video regular devices, and others by their include a 16 -bit bi-directional data buss interface units. A suitable keyboard and technical excellence. I have chosen to and an extended 24 -bit address buss. cassette tape interface will be published interface with the S100 buss as this is Special signals have been designated to at a later date. currently recognised as one of the permit the combined operation of 8 -bit industry leaders. and 16 -bit hardware. These improve- The project ments will increase the useful life of the The ETI-685 has been designed as a very The S100 buss S100 buss well into the 1990s. flexible general purpose single -board This originated in the USA early in 1975 The S100 buss has become one of the computer incorporating the Signetics in a microcomputer system manufac- most commercially successful buss stan- 2650 8 -bit microprocessor. This 2650 tured by MITS. The system was called dards ever produced, and the multitude CPU board has been designed to the Altair 8800 and it used a 100 -pin pc of S100 -compatible boards has attracted interface with the well -established S100 board connector (50 pins a side) to the interest of both the professional and buss structure, and this enables the user provide a communications buss for an hobby computerist. Several Austra- to easily expand his system's input/ Intel 8080 CPU. The Altair Buss later lian companies are currently manufac- output and memory capabilities. This became known as the 'Standard 100 Pin turing S100 boards and several 'kit' easy -to -use single -board system is a very Buss', or S100 buss. projects have been published in ETI. cost-effective CPU board for OEM

IEEE -696 S100 BUSS STANDARD PINOUTS

NOTE: 49 CLOCK 2 MHz signal H - Active high signal. L Active low signal - 50 GND Common with pin 100 (0/C) - signal driven by open collector device 51 +8 V Common with pin 1 PIN NAME LEVEL FUNCTION 52 -16 V Negative 16 V supply 1 +8 V Positive system power supply 53 GND - Common with pin 100 2 +16 V +16 V power supply 54 SCLR L(O/C) Reset buss slaves 3 XRDY H Buss ready; use with pin 72 55 DMAO L(O/C) Priority bit 0 4 VIO L(O/C) Vectored interrupt line 0 56 DMA1 L(O/C) Priority bit 1 5 V11 L(O/C) Ditto 57 DMA2 L(O/C) Priority bit 2 6 V12 1.(o/C) Ditto 58 SXTRO L Status signal (slave request) 7 V13 L(O/C) Ditto 59 A19 H Extended address bit 19 8 VI4 L(O/C) Ditto 60 SIXTN L Response by slaves to pin 58 9 V15 L(O/C) Ditto 61 A20 H Extended address bit 20 10 VI6 L(O/C) Ditto 62 A21 H Extended address bit 21 11 V17 L(O/C) Ditto 63 A22 H Extended address bit 22 12 NMI L Non-maskable interrupt 64 A23 H Extended address bit 23 13 PWRFAIL L Indicates power failure 65 NDEF 14 DMA3 L(O/C) Priority bit 3 66 NDEF 15 A18 H Extended address bit 18 67 PHANT L(O/C) Phantom to disable slave devices 16 A16 H Extended address bit 16 68 MWRT H With PWR for write operation 17 A17 H Extended address bit 17 69 RFU - Reserved 18 SOSO L(O/C) Disable 8 status lines 70 GND - Common with pin 100 19 CDSB L(O/C) Disable 5 control lines 71 RFU - Reserved 20 GND Common with pin 100 72 RDY H(O/C) With pin 3 21 NDEF Manufacturer specification 73 INT L(O/C) Interrupt request 22 ADSB L(O/C) Disable 16 address lines 74 HOLD L(O/C) Used with pHLDA 23 DODSB L(O/C) Disable 8 data lines 75 RESET L(O/C) Master reset 24 PH2 H Master buss timing signal 76 PSYNC H Control buss cycle 1 25 PSTVAL L Status valid strobe 77 PwR t. Valid data on DO buss 26 PHLDA H Use with pin 74 to buss 78 PDBIN H Control signal data from DI buss 27 RFU Reserved 79 AO H Address bit 0 28 RFU - Reserved 80 Al H Address bit 1 29 A5 H Address bit 5 81 A2 H Address bit 2 A4 30 H Address bit 4 82 A6 H Address bit 6 A3 31 H Address bit 3 83 A7 H Address bit 7 32 A15 H Address bit 15 84 AB H Address bit 8 33 Al2 H Address bit 12 85 A13 H Address bit 13 34 A9 H Address bit 9 86 A14 H Address bit 14 35 DO1 H Data out bit 1 (bidirectional bit 1) 87 A 1 1 H Address bit 11 36 000 H Data out bit 0 (bidirectional bit 0) 88 DO2 H Data out bit 2 (bidirectional bit 2) A 10 37 H Address bit 10 89 DO3 H Data out bit 3 (bidirectional bit 3) 38 DO4 H Data out bit 4 (bidirectional bit 4) 90 007 H Data out bit 7 (bidirectional bit 7) 39 DO5 H Data out bit 5 (bidirectional bit 5) 91 014 H Data in bit 4 (bidirectional bit 12) 40 DO6 H Data out bit 6 (bidirectional bit 6) 92 015 H Data in bit 5 (bidirectional bit 13) 41 012 H Data In bit 2 (bidirectional bit 10) 93 016 H Dala in bit 6 (bidirectional bit 14) 42 D13 H Data in bit 3 (bidirectional bit 11) 94 Oil H Data in bit 1 (bidirectional bit 9) 43 017 H Data in bit 7 (bidirectional bit 15) 95 DIO H Data in bit 0 (bidirectional bit 8) 44 SMI H Status signal (op-code fetch) 96 SINTA H Status after interrupt request (pin 73) 45 SOUT H Status signal (data to output device) 97 SWO L Status signal data (transfer master to slave) 46 SINP H Status signal (data to input device) 98 ERROR L(O/C) Status signal error (in current cycle) 47 SMEMR H Status signal (data from memory to buss) 99 POC L(O/C) Power -on -clear signal 48 SHLTA H Status signal (halt executed) 100 GND - System ground

92 - December 1981 ETI 111 CItíSlO589d9 = ¿wh _=- 042 a 13 «, v..: . -' NCCiO I 6 9istu 741 ce O 1. 10' O O * ' 0 0 ib O 0 í %p . 0 0 ág¡ 1,L03 . O ) ; . '' . -- O 1 . r O 1 é- O O ,_ f ) é 3c .. ., g O - 1 0 r O . '1. . rr1Y `" . . rr.. ' . a . / ,,o: ;oeoc r---

-1 p sp :':'L ..a .+oI , f', 1//%

1 1, 51 in out 2650 +8 V applications, enthusiasts, micro- C3 processor students or the computer hobbyist after a powerful, expandable C2 C9 100n DISTRIBUTED system well supported with projects and 10u 50, 100 software. GND The ETI-685 is an ideal microproces- E> 0 sor for the student or hobbyist who is just starting out in the world of microcomputing. Well-known author Adam Osborne describes the 2650 as "a 2 n out very mini -computer -like device ... rich in E> IC 1 > +12V memory -addressing modes and memory C6 reference instructions". Memory ad- 1u dressing combinations available include To4u absolute or relative direct addressing ref. with optional indexing and auto - Cs C7 increment or decrement, and indirect 52 out addressing with optional post -indexing IC4 12V and auto -increment or decrement. It may be seen from examination of the 2650 instruction set that there are many powerful instructions which are all easily understood and are typical of + larger ref. c, computers. This project has been ,u designed to fully complement the capa- in out bilities of this very able microprocessor IC2 5 as every mode of memory or I/O addressing has been utilised. NOTE: IC2 IS NOT REQUIRED IF 2708 Several of the 256 extended I/O EPROMS ARE NOT USED. addresses are used on the CPU board to POWER SUPPLY To page 99 ETI December 1981 - 93 IC30 FLAG 40FLAG 2650 18 CPU 614 / -4-WE A14 19 613 / -4.E/ÑE 613 612 2 -Al2 3 A11 -Z - A11 4 A10 / - A10 +5V 5 A9 l A9 I 1 C29 POC 4- SENSE 6 2 A -o. A8 I VF 1 6 --... A7 V l +5 IC40 3a 8 555 A / _.. A6 IC18 RN3 9 14 A5 / y AS 74LS139 10k IC21a 15 9 D3 A14 - 74LS132 A410 64 12 1a 9 / y 6 R16 g 16 100k 0 V 10 RESET 11 _3 5 A3 / A3 10 All B Al0 k2 A 75 RESET A2 12 A2 11 C1S / 612 139A PRESET -L 10n 13 0V _- Al Al .1'- OV 5 8 +5V AO A9- 15 CLOCK AO 0V+ RAM -CS -L RN2 CLOCK Sla RAM- DIS-U3 A8_ 16 RN3 RAM ADD A717 1C21-4 OV IC37 P-~0 V A6_ 1 XRDYL WRP 3 8131 IC21b 23 1 WR-L o A5_, 2 R/W 11 76 P A4_, 3 12 DPACK 40 ..RD -L A3_4 1 OPREO 4.^ PRDY-L +5 V 24 A2_.7 OPREO OPREO S g- A1_6 20 M/10 RN3 M/10 M/IÚ IC21d AO_5 IC14 IC19a 6 0V 10 2114 PHOLD-L OPREO-L 375 ( 74 )3 PAUSE D3-- 11 2 IC3la RN4 +5V 74LS08 ,74LSO4 D2 12 27 +5V 817 4k7 DB6 D1_.13 RN3 0V DO t 4 8 _- D85 PINTL 3' 29 14 173 f--GND DB4 15 -CS -L 30 A7 -PORT 4 IC46 2-4 ADREN DB3 12 2 74LS74 A6 13 6 ZI--4 DBUSEN D82 0 a-15 3 10 2- 32 Slb .6-- G1 1 OV 1 D81 IC19b PORT ADD. AS 11 2 a--13 IC44a 33 N >G2A RESET 12 6 10 C430 + 8 7 --4G2B 3 a.-12 9 I 157-4 INTREO A4 5 A2 3 C 4 011 BNK LEL 13 RUN/ 2 \ +5 V KBD -LE -L +5V WAR Al- B 5 f .01_ 10 RUN/WAR 3511 >o A3 3 A 6 INTACK 3412IC19c +SV.42^ IC33 IC49 7 a 9 RN3 7 1 -. 8131 7415138 PORTSEL-L ROMLE-L OPREO 0V

2 r+ 13 1 14 INTACK IC7 F--Í+SV 12 1 RNI 13 12-4.. RD -1. El LINT IC39a IC17b lllllll 74LS00 IC36a IC36b 5 14 PIC-CS-L+.1-o CS IC50a 741SO4 14072 6 WR-L 2 aWR VCC 28+5V PPI-CS-L-q 2 IC17a RD -I 3 \ A2 5 ó 74LS14 RD GND 10OV IC32 KEYBOARD PORT A D7 1 20 27 7 8 9 PORT C/D P 19 _IB=A 1 26 38 7 a INTACK PA6 10 16 17 2 VI 11 4 2 39 6 11 20 a IREO7 DB7 / 7 PAS 15 14 3 24 2 40 10 a IREO6 12 t2 13 4 086 / t > 23a 47 6 29 1 4 9 IREOS 13 AICM2520 8 5 DB5 P c o 22 7 a 1 2 3 14 º 7 IREO4 DB4 c > / 8 7 IREO3 / 31 3 2 15 4 DB3 03 PA1 C > 20a 9 3 4 a IREO2 16 3 DB2 / D2 PAO c > D0 19 10 33 5 8 g PORTS STROBE IREO1 081 / DI P87 12 +5 V4 -MW 10 18 11 a IREO0 3 24 7 lo R19 9 ENABLfi 080 DO PB6 C > WR L 4k7 10,11, 14,15 RN2 PIC 6 23 6 11 W8 11- PB5 t > 9519 0V 2 a WR 22 106 PB4 5 12 +5V16 +5V ... BREAK 3- 4 13 PPI P83 s 143 7 `01 7 2655 20 PIN / P82 16 DI 6 r93 RD -L 2 15 a RD P81 1-C C > 192 `O1 5 16 G5 18 1 16 PPI-CS-L 4-4 CS PEW c > DI 4 191 12 10 9 PORT C AI- Al PC7 DI 3 142 18 17 11 7 A0 AO PC6 10 DI 2 14 141 IJ 35 12 6 RESET PC5 11 DI 1 4 13 5 VCC PC4 12 DI 0 IC25 +5V2`6 95 81LS97 PC3 13 OV .' ONO 16 3 14 BUSRD-L PC2 RN3 +5 V 15 2 15 4 10k PC1 14 16 D0 DS8 IC 17C PCO 3 PCO PC3 PB P84 ADD DSB 0V W4 STA DSB I1 I cAD8D-HH ópdpyp6-p-- ` STBD-N C/C DSB - 2 VI TBD-H Yz-1-1' t 3> -4"1-7' 6Y IC 171 8ILS97 IC 23 N----. 12 11 CLOCK PSYNC I 6 86 > 413 IC39b N- 9 85 > 10_ OPREo-L 12 IC42a 1/ 13Al2 L J + 90 IC42b , 33 > e 74LS107 A11 R15 5 6 11 6 5 ( 1k C26 °- L_4 87 > IC31c IC31d .5 +5 V A10 _NAM- 220p 13 - ,0T 2 3 ( 37

17 0Vt 18 + 34 D2 1N914 16 15

1 9 AOBD-H 9 A15 7 32 A6 5 82

13 20 >

17 30 >

7 31 >

9 81 > 9 o 15 80 V IC31e e _ 11 IC44a 821 LS97 =4LS02 IC22 10 9 PHANTOM 0V 14 15 IC13 IC12 IC11 IC29 IC28 IC27 IC26 - C W5 {yo O(3 ( 67 > 12 1 D7-11 IC440 5 0V D6 _12 WR-L ADBD-H D5 -13 BNK-LE-L6, 1119 D4-14 52_0 86 7( +5V 12 11 9 RAM-DIS-H - 01 5-a 9 -- (65 0V 5 510 !-C G2A 2 3 64> ROM-DIS-L 9 IC39c 1 2 0B012 10 0 V 4 10 G2B 5 ( 63 > WR-LIC45 6 12 \ IC8 V IC50b +5 IC39d \/3 15 1 OPREO 20 DB113 A 51=a6 7 ( 62 > A1A14_11, )13 15 M/10 0B2 741S17512 2 1La A13 100 1 14 13 I61 > ROM -CS -L Al2-9- 5 3 003 C o-14 c 16 15 60 > All _a RESET -L C9 ,',.- 5-..' 18 17 I 59 14 74LS138 IC 10 RO M-OIS-L_.-_{.0112 81LS98 A10 13 W6a

0 A W6b 4 2IC24 0 40 OV 18 005( g 6 7 39 SERIAL PORT 19 +12 V 004 PIND 19 20 14 13 25 A10 IC16 410 I IC15 78 ROM ROM 0031 16 15 89 20 A W6c B DO2( -5V. 12 11 21 10 21 10 001 +5V 6 18 17 35 > 2708 2708 D00 (2716) (2716) 81LS97 81 CTBD-H DATA BUSS -0- _IL 5 0 \PSTVAL ADD BUSS .- - OPREO-L I 25 (AO -A9) >PHLDA 1C45 IC38a IC38c RUN/WAIT RAM -CS-L 9 2 3-i 26 74LS20 10 -10 74LS32 PSYNC ROM -CS -L >8 DOBD-H PSYNC 9 10 9 -( 76 +5V PORT -CS -I J `WR >6 BUS-WR-L 19 4 5-(77 R7 PIC-CS-L/t- '`PDBIN 1C31 f 7 16 13 \p11 6 -1 78 SERIAL R14 01 3 12 8 BUS -RD -L PORT 2k2 BC548 RD -L / 14 13 -SP O v 3 IC38b IC20 12 W I ( 74LS367 13 ' R8 / ICSa 10 IC34 STDB-H 106 741.60000 BO 1 11 15 +5V l INTACK SINTA IC5b v-.1111 CE B1 2 10 9 I % SCUT R13 3 12 11 ( 45 > R2 0 B2 220R SINP R5 1k 1k 4 369 +5V OPREO 10 AO B3 6 7 146 13 SMEMR R1 2 3 M/1011 Al 84 1 (47 > SMWRT 13 02 BC548 SENSE R/W 12 A2 1 14 ( 68 0 SWO 0 `C30) E/NE 413.13_ - A3 4 5 i 97 -> 6 12 IC35 48a 7404 IC48b 1VRP-H A4 B7 ,On IC5c 14 IC36d¡ 74LS367 2 +5V +5V PIC-CS-L 74 i10 C13 C34 ]90R 04 CLOCK CLOCK -1. 3 5 IC48 PORT SEL 2 IC48C W9Z l .,.. MHz 1 7 tl R17 R18 5_L,5 3 4 IC43a 1 IC43b 0>74 1 ( CLOCK 3 04 1C33j 6 2 MHz IC --SP ion ¡1 C31 OV "0 1 4,000 MHz T22p pre .21 99 rY ov sPOC( 15 95 +5V 0V PTo'»eR 6855

HOW IT WORKS - ETI 685 This is a detailed functional description of the PREVIOUS BUSS CYCLE

project and not a'pulse-by-pulse' description of I I 1 its operation. Reference to data books for relevant ICs (especially the 2650) is rec- a T2 13 T1 12 T3 TI T2 I 1 13 ommended.

pSTAVL I-2650 ZBSRINTERNAL", CENTRAL PROCESSOR UNIT (CPU) AND 1 1 CLOCK pSYNC The CPU used is the Signetics single -chip 8 -bit NMOS microprocessor, the 2650A. This pINT processor has been designed to closely re- semble conventional binary computers and Lisonini executes variable length instructions of from PINTA one to three bytes in length. This CPU contains DIB a total of eight general purpose registers, each VALID eight bits long. Any register may be used as the VECTOR source or destination for arithmetic operations, INTERRUPT (NON -VECTORED) TIMING DIAGRAM as index registers, and for I/O data transfers. The 2650 has a 15 -bit parallel address buss and The on -board EPROM has been given a The Signetics 2655 PPI provides two ad- can address up to 32 768 bytes (32K) of higher priority than the RAM, and the gate ditional features over the standard 8255 PPI. memory. IC39b Inhibits the 'reading' of all RAM switched The B port may be configured for 8 -bit serial -to - The 2650 Includes a very versatile set of I/O to occupy the same address. For example, If a parallel or parallel -to -serial communications instructions which provide it with 256 extended 1K EPROM (i.e: monitor) and the RAM are both and, in the 2655, the B port contains a 16 -bit I/O addresses, two non -extended ports and a switched to start at '0000'H, the usable RAM timer. special single -bit I/O facility. will commence at '0400' H. The project comprises an Internal 8 -bit bi- 2. THE SERIAL PORT: The serial port is directional data buss, 15 -bit address buss and MEMORY PHANTOM supported by the 2650's single bit I/O facility via several control signals which Interconnect the Both the on -board EPROM and RAM exercise a the Flag and Sense pins. These two CPU pins 2650 CPU to the on -board RAM and ROM higher priority over the remaining system are connected directly to the processor's memory, ports and the S100 buss butters. A memory map and generate the PHANTOM Program Status Word register and can be programmed 32 x 8 fuse -link PROM Is used to signal on S100 buss pin 67 to deselect any processed by software to provide a variety of generate the S100 buss control signals from the external memory occupying the same address. serial communication formats. The monitor 2650's control signals, required for external (Multibug) uses this port for 300 Baud ASCII S100 memory and I/O data interchange. EPROM DISABLE serial communications, for keyboard input and A 4 MHz quartz crystal oscillator formed by A facility has been provided where the selected CRT output, and for 300 Baud binary serial IC48a, b and C provides the basic timing on -board EPROM may be disabled, providing communications to the cassette tape interface. element for the CPU and the entire S100 buss continuous RAM from '0000'H. The EPROM is With suitable software, the port can be used to computer. This frequency is divided by IC43 to disabled by writing '01'H to the applicable 1/O perform any form of data communication produce the 2 MHz and 1 MHz clocks required' address, which sets the flip-flop IC46b. The including music and Morse code generation) for the CPU and the S100 buss CLOCK (pin 49) EPROM is returned by writing a '00'H to the I/O The Flag and Sense pins of the CPU are and m (pin 24) signals. The wire link, W9, is used address or by a processor reset. buffered on the board and are made available at to change the CPU clock to 2 MHz for the high- This feature is very useful for testing pro- the serial port at EIA RS -232C voltage levels and speed 2650A-1 processor. grams which have been written for operation as a current loop. The EIA RS -232C voltage from address '0000'H. It should be noted that levels can optionally be converted to TTL levels ON -BOARD MEMORY even with the EPROM enabled it is possible to by rewiring the wire links W1 and W2. The Signetics 2650 microprocessor can ad- load (I.e. Write or Block Move) programs Into dress directly 32K of memory via its 15 address the RAM, which is co -resident with the EPROM; 3. THE PARALLEL PORT: The parallel port Is lines and, following a 'reset', reads Its first however, you can only read (or run) the program supported by a single TTL octal latch which is instruction from address '0000'H. It Is therefore when the EPROM is disabled. similar in operation to the standard 74LS373. customary to locate the system EPROM monitor The latch used, however, is the AM25LS2520 to start at this address. ON -BOARD PORTS (IC47) which features an additional asychronous The ETI-685 has been provided with five ports 'clear input' signal. This port is read and reset 1. EPROM MEMORY: Provision has been made to give the user a wide variety of interface input- by addressing the appropriate 2650 extended on the board for the use of either single (+5 V) output devices without the need for additional port. The monitor uses this port as the keyboard or multirail (+5, +12, -5 Volt) type EPROMs in I/O boards. Three ports are programmable, one input when the 'memory -mapped VDU' monitor either 1K (2708/2758) or 2K (2716) increments. port is serial and the fifth is a latched 8 -bit is being used. Two EPROM sockets have been provided, so parallel port. the board can accommodate 1K. 2K or 4K of INTERRUPT CONTROLLER EPROM memory, with the first EPROM (IC16) 1. THE PROGRAMMABLE PORTS: The three The project uses the powerful AM9519 Univer- addressed to '0000.H. The wire link set, W7, programmable ports (A, B and C) are provided sal Interrupt Controller (IC7) to process eight selects the location of the second EPROM, and by way of a single 40 -pin LSI device (IC32) called maskabie interrupt inputs. This controller has W6 adjusts the pin configuration for the EPROM the PPI (Programmable Peripheral Interface). been designed as a general purpose interface family In use. These links are preset for a single This IC is addressed as four consecutive and can be used by most popular 8 -bit 2708 -type EPROM, which will carry the monitor' extended port addresses. The first three microprocessors. The AM9519 manages up to program. addresses access the A, B and C port registers eight maskabie interrupt inputs, resolves and the fourth address is the Control Register. priorities and issues an 'interrupt request' to the 2. RAM MEMORY: The ETI-685 has provision The PPI has three modes of operation, selected CPU. When the CPU responds with an 'interrupt for 4K of on -board RAM using eight 2114 by writing the appropriate control word into the acknowledge' the controller outputs a one -to - memory chips. This block of RAM carvbe Control Register. four byte response associated with the highest addressed to any 4K boundary within the 32K In MODE 0 the PPI provides simple Input and priority unmasked interrupt request. 2650 memory map by switches 5, 6 and 7 of output for the three 8 -bit ports. MODE 1 For the 2650 CPU the AM9159 should be SW 1, or it can be disabled completely by switch provides for strobed input and output data programmed for only one response byte, and 8. These four switches work in conjunction with transfer from ports A and B with 'handshaking' the eight response bytes are pre -loaded into the octal comparator (IC37) to select the RAM signals supplied by port C. In MODE 2 the A port only eight locations within the 8 x 32 internal block address, and the 1 -of -4 decoder (IC18a) Is structured as an 8 -bit bi-directional port with read/write response memory. All communi- generates the RAM chip-select signals. handshaking supplied by port C. cation with the Interrupt Controller is by way of

96 - December 1981 ETI ZSC ah© 00

the 2650's non -extended C and D ports. The C provide an address range of 64K, and then qualify the S100 I/O status signals sINP, sOUT port addresses the Control input for loading the providing a one -of -eight bank (of 64K) select. A and sWO. Command Register and reading the Status quad latch, addressed as one of the on -board The S100 control signal pSYNC is defined as Register, and the Data read or write transfers to decoded extended addresses, is used to store Indicating the start of a new buss cycle and was or from the selected internal registers or four bits of data. The least significant bit is used Initially used to strobe the status latches of memory locations are performed via the D port. as the sixteenth S100 address bit (A15), and the external circuitry. These latches stored the other three bits are presented to a 74LS138 8080's status information which was present on one -of -eight decoder. The eight outputs of the its data lines at this time. As several modern NON -VECTORED INTERRUPTS decoder are buffered and appear on the S100 memory boards use pSYNC pulses (e.g: to The S100 non -vectored Interrupt Request buss on pins 59 to 66 inclusive. If the bank generate 'wait states') this S100 control signal (PINT) on buss-pin 73 is also supported on the select feature is not required the 74LS138 and has been synthesised on the ETI-685. A board. This input, when pulled low, sets the flip- the tri-state buffer can be omitted. modulo -3 counter synchronised by OPREO is fÍop IC46a and generates a 2650 INTREO. When used to generate a pulse every three CPU clock this interrupt occurs, the 2650 will complete its S100 SIGNAL GENERATION AND TIMING cycles. This pulse is one clock period long, and current instruction, set the Interrupt inhibit bit in An 82S123 fuse -link PROM (IC34) is used to is timed to rise midway through the first buss the PSW and generate an S100 sINTA ('inter- synthesise seven of the eleven S100 control and cycle. rupt acknowledge') signal on buss pin 96. On status signals generated on the board. This The S100 CLOCK signal is a 2 MHz clock, and receipt of sINTA the Interrupting device must PROM has as its inputs the five 2650 control the phi (0) signal is the same frequency as the output the 8 -bit vector onto the data -in buss. signals - OPREO, WRP, Fl/W, M/CO and CPU clock (as selected by W9). A Power -On - The flip-flop IC46a is reset automatically when E/ N E. Clear (POC) signal is generated onboard and the CPU generates sINTA. The 2650 'operation request' (OPREQ) output can be used to reset 'slave' devices. The Status This interrupt request (pINT) has been allot- signal is the coordinating signal for all external signal sINTA is the 2650 INTACK, and the ted a higher priority than the eight vectored CPU operations. As this signal validates (or pHLDA is the 'WAIT' CPU signal. interrupts managed by the PIC. qualifies) all data, address and control lines Refer to the 5100 buss timing diagram for a from the 2650 it is 'ANDed' In the PROM with the graphical representation of the timing of these other four CPU control signals. The OPREO Status and Control signals. MONITOR signal is used to generate the S100 control LAST CYCLE NEXT CYCLE

signal pSTVAL (Processor Status Valid). BSI I 852 I BS3 A 2716 2K, single -rail EPROM containing two 1K C BSI _s_ monitor programs ís available for use with this The Write Pulse (WRP) output is a timing project. The EPROM has been written to signal from the CPU that provides a positive - support either serial communications or going pulse in the middle of each memory or I/O memory -mapped video terminals by selecting write operation. It Is designed to be used as a the appropriate 1K monitor. The EPROM -type timed Write Strobe generated after the address the fuse -link link field is set up for a 2758 single -rail 1K and data lines have stabilised. In EPROM, and the A10 address pin is wired to PROM this signal is used to generate the S100 either 0 V or +5 V to select the required 1K control signal, PWR. monitor. The processor Read/Write (11/W) output ADO D58 defines whether the external operation is a read DO D5B f DMA BUSS CONTROL Both monitor programs have been styled on STA OSE 'l PERIODRELINQUISHED the BINBUG monitor and their commands are or a write, and the Memory I/O (M/T ) output CC ose DMA TIMING DIAGRAM compatible to BINBUG and the Slgnetics defines whether the operation Is for memory or SEOUENCE PIPBUG monitors. The SERIAL MONITOR I/O. These signals are gated In the PROM to DIRECT MEMORY ACCESS (DMA) communicates at 300 Baud via the 2650 Flag produce the S100 sMEMR, sINP, sMWRT and The temporary transfer of buss control from the and Sense pins and contains a few hew BOUT signals. As R/W also indicates In which a Buss Master for subroutines to erase the VDU screen and print direction the data flow is, it is also used to Buss Master to Temporary that device to execute a direct memory read or a sign -on message. The MEMORY -MAPPED generate pDBIN and to control the on -board Memory Access'. MONITOR differs only from BINBUG in the data -buss transceivers. write is referred to as 'Direct In order to avoid this transfer of keyboard -in subroutine, which now utilises the The Extended/Non-Extended (E/ NE) 2650 conflict during buss control, a predetermined sequence of SBC 8 -bit parallel port. output is the operation control signal that is used to discriminate between the two -byte events exists which is called the DMA Cycle. The extended and the one -byte non -extended I/O exchange of buss control to the DMA device BANK SELECT operation. On the ETI-685 the C and D non - and the subsequent return of control to the CPU The ETI-685 incorporates a bank select extended I/O addresses are used for communi- (Buss Master) is accomplished by the S100 facility to extend the 2650's maximum address cating with the on -board Interrupt Controller pHOLD and pHLDA signals. range to 512K of memory. This is accomplished and they are not presented to the S100 buss. On the ETI-685 board the pHOLD S100 signal by first generating a sixteenth address bit to The extended signal is used in the PROM to (pin 74) is connected to the 2650 Pause line. When this signal is active the CPU completes its READ BUSS CYCLE It WRITE BUSS CYCLE current instruction and enters the WAIT state. STATEII 852 1353 indicates when this condition exists by sending BSI BS2 I 9S3 BUSS I the RUN/ WAIT status output 'low', and this action generates the S100 pHLDA signal (pin 26). The receipt of pHLDA by the DMA device 13 0(1 MHt) T3 B TI T2 indicates that it may assert ADSB, DODSB and SDSB, which disables (trl-states) the CPU pSYNC pSYNC í I address, data -out and status buss -buffers. The final transfer of buss control is effected with the psTVAL pSTVAL 1 (OPREO) assertion of CDSB, which disables the CPU control buss -buffer. sMWRT AB -A15 VALID The Temporary Buss Master is now in full GOUT 1 control of the buss, and will maintain this i ACCTS VALID } condition to the end of its DMA cycle. Return of ABA IS ` VALID DIE n control to the Buss Master is almost the 'mirror image' of events, with the final transfer of VALID KERN DOB control accomplished with the removal of the sMEMR pHOLD signal by the DMA device. pWR-L sINP Refer to DMA sequence timing diagram for a graphical representation of a DMA Cycle. $100 BUSS TIMING DIAGRAM

ETI December 1981 - 97 da) (71 cohALtICHl ETI 685 EEYDE HA vn211{vr tv COMPONENT PINOUTS -. . __ _ Capacitors 5 la#qII I r ° ,.#i , :. , 2r^^{!* w . t 'IR r ¡ 'To 41lI I ¡ U .'J , +11 l , ,,1 tantalum n w31 i Iu1 -t` `-, l'

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. ....-__.- 7$xx +ve voltage reg. í1111 i1 %i;$Cjhht;i ;: n !.1:=4==:i: !: , -....r.sf.. 1 a1 ... OUTPUT INPUT COMMON TO -220 (I 79xx -ve voltage reg. cl.-

E ÍáP I1 ~ne atltltl[j(1C, ;'i' :'I i(7tI)ttlt Nj rF111 tl Idnat,ii tnn .Eii 1, II li e i11,1Í , 1 r `ii ÍN'¡ ;Ii b NIIIIR,F.>> I1Yffi11f,t1ill,Í I,It11 TO-92 BC548, BC 108

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COMMON (INTERNALLY n. -¡¡¡,J7,, CONNECTED TO CASEI , 1i:.-. C.,7 , t e 1, l j 1 1C1nl. tJ.. /1 OUTIR IT sA. INPUT a »lta,r < LEADS ARE CLOSER TO THIS END OF THE Illfít+.. AC R AGE. O 4 TO -3 9 I 10E'. I* +ve voltage reg. _5/ 7NÍ' J CCC zhc _CC From page 93 access the on -board programmable A little tip - when installing IC When soldering, do not apply excessive ports, and the control and data non - sockets, solder one pin on each end of the heat. extended I/O instructions are used to socket and check that the socket is flat At this stage, check with a multimeter communicate with the programmable against the board. If necessary, reheat that there is not a short circuit between Interrupt Controller. This Interrupt the solder and push the socket against any voltage rail and O V. Measure at the Controller will provide the user with a the board. When all sockets are `tacked' regulators IC1, 2, 3 and 4 between the full understanding of interrupt handling in flat, finish soldering all the other pins. input and output to ground for any short procedures. Install all the resistors next. Pre -bend circuits. Locate and rectify any `shorts' the leads of each resistor using a pair of found before proceeding any further. Construction long -nosed pliers before inserting them Now you can install the voltage The pc board designed for this project is into the board. Note that R2 to R15 are regulators IC1, IC2, IC3 and IC4. IC3 is a double -sided type with plated -through mounted vertically. mounted on a large, finned heatsink holes. We recommend you use a com- Install the four resistor networks which must be spaced above the board. mercially made board for no other (RN1, 2, 3 and 4). Note that pin 1, Mount four M3 10 mm screws onto the reason than that it goes a long way identified by a 'dot' on the resistor pc board, with four nuts on the top of the towards ensuring success with the network, is located as indicated on the board acting as spacers. Fit the heatsink project. If you have access to the component overlay. onto the four screws and, after checking appropriate equipment and have Now install all the capacitors. Take that the IC holes are the right way, enough experience to feel confident in note of the polarity of the tantalum secure the heatsink with two nuts to the making your own double -sided board, capacitors. outside screws. Apply heat conductive then prints of the pc board pattern are Follow with diodes D1, D2 and D3; D1 silicon paste to the underside of IC3 and with available from us - with the usual and D2 are mounted vertically. Take mount it onto the heatsink. Secure proviso that you will only be making note of their polarity, also. two nuts and solder the two pins. one for your own use and not for resale. Next comes the crystal. Carefully pre- Now it is prudent to check power Note that breach of copyright is now a form the leads with a pair of long -nosed supply operation. Apply power and criminal offence. The board design is pliers and apply an 8 mm -square piece verify with your multimeter that the copyright to the author, who has of double -sided tape to the back of the outputs of the voltage regulators are licensed Applied Technology to manu- crystal before installing it on the board. within ± 5% (e.g: 5.2 to 4.8 V for IC3). facture them. Apart from selling them retail, we understand Applied Tech- PARTS LIST-ETI-685 to other 2650A (CPU) nology will wholesale boards Resistors all 1/2W5% IC30 74LSO4 suppliers. R1,2,7, 15 1k IC31,36 2655:8255A (PPI) R3 470R IC32 If you want to make your own board, 8131 R4, 19 4k7 IC33,37 send a large (at least 250 x 300 mm) 82S123 then R5 3k9 IC34 74LS32 stamped, addressed envelope to: R6, 16 100k IC38 555 ETI-685 PCB R8 10k IC40 74LS107 R9, 10, 13 220R IC42 ETI Magazine 74LS74 R11 3k3 IC43, 46 15 Boundary St IC44 74LS02 R12, 14 2k2 74LS20 Rushcutters Bay NSW 2011 R17,18 390R IC45 AM25LS2520 We will return a same -size positive print RN1,2,3,4 4k7x9SIP IC47 resistor networks IC48 7404 of the front and rear pc board patterns. IC50 4072 the pc board and all the Capacitors With C1, 6, 7, 9, 29 1u/6 V tant. Miscellaneous 4 000 MHz crystal components in your possession, the first C2, 4, 5 10u/6 V tant. X1 SW 1 8 -way SPST DIP switch step is to install all the IC sockets in C3, 8, 10-25, 27, pc board (see text); pc -mount To -3 heat - 28, 30, 35-37 100n ceramic ETI-685 their correct positions. It is rec- Thermalloy type THM6051 B or 6001B-2 C26 220p ceramic sink - ommended that you use sockets for the similar; DIP sockets x 8 -pin, 15 x 14 -pin, 15 C31, 32 22p (see text) or -2 x x 18 -pin, 5 x 20 -pin, 1 x 22 -pin, 2 x two EPROM positions (ICs 15 and 16), C33, 34 10n ceramic 16 -pin; 8 nuts, bolts etc.; two the 2650 CPU (IC30), all the RAM chips Semiconductors 24 -pin, 1 x 28-pin, 2 x 40-pin; pc board ejectors e.g: Cambion No. 415 7036 13 14 plus ICs 26, 27, 28 D1,2,3 1N914A, 1N4148A - (ICs 11, 12, and 01 00 20 or similar. 01, 2, 3 BC108, BC548 (the PIC), IC32 (the 8255 The following connectors and 29), IC7 ICI 7812 Optional connectors: lieu of 16 -pin DIP sockets: 1 x PPI), IC43 (though one is not shown in IC2 7905 may be used in (CP6850- our picture) and IC48. These are all IC3 LM323K 25 -pin 90° pc -mount 'D' connector 25RD); 3 x 10 -pin 90° headers (e.g: Hirose HIF3- on the side (`front'). IC4 79L12 located component or sim.); 1 x 16 -pin 90° header (e.g: IC5, 39 74LS00 10P-2.54DS Take care to orient them correctly. On or sim.). IC6 741 Hirose HIF3-16P-2.54DS those oriented `vertically', pin 1 faces IC7 AM9519PC (PIC) 'down' (toward the S100 connector). IC8 74LS175 Price estimate 74LS138 Those oriented 'horizontally' face the IC9,49 We estimate the cost of purchasing all the com- hand the board, when IC10 81LS98 ponents for this project will be in the range: right side of IC1/-14, 26-29 2114L-4 viewed from the component side with IC15, 16 2708/2716 $200-$230 not a the S100 connector facing down. (one monitor, one spare) Note that this is an estimate only and factors may For the ports marked Xl, X2, X3, IC17 74LS14 recommended price. A variety of - of a project, such as quality of IC18 74LS139 affect the price - you have the option of (fibre- X4 and X5 - IC19 74LS08 components purchased, type of pc board panel installing dual -in -line sockets or the IC20,35,41 74LS367 glass or phenolic base), type of front whether bought as appropriate right-angle connectors (as IC21 74LS132 supplied (if used), etc - or made up as a kit. shown in the photograph of the proto- IC22-25 81LS97 separate components type). ETI December 1981 - 99 Prol= Co 3o

If is all well, remove power and clean the Next, you can install the PPI (IC32) Both monitor programs have been flux off the rear of the board with flux and the PIC (IC7 - optional). Verify styled on the BINBUG monitor and cleaner or methylated spirits. that the PPI is operational by loading their commands are compatible to the Before proceeding with installation of and executing the PPI-TEST Program BINBUG and PIPBUG monitors. The the ICs onto the board it is advisable to on page 104. Note that external hard- original PIPBUG monitor supported check the;data'and address buss lines for ware (an octal DIP switch and pull-up seven basic commands, each selected by shorts. Any shorts on these lines will resistors) will be required to conned to a single alpha character, and these have prevent the board from operating and the port under test. been retained. The SERIAL MONITOR can make fault finding very difficult. An communicates with the VDU at 300 ohmmeter or small buzzer can be used to The Multibug Monitor Baud via the 2650 Flag and Sense pins, check for shorts. Place one probe on the The Monitor is a peripheral interface and contains a few new subroutines to first data or address line at the program, in CPU resident non-volatile ROM erase the VDU screen and print a sign - socket (IC30) and touch the other probe or EPROM, which provides the user on message. The MEMORY -MAPPED across the remaining lines in turn. No with a basic set of operating commands. MONITOR differs only from BINBUG continuity should be found. Move the This program is resident at address in the keyboard -in subroutine, which fixed probe to the next line and repeat '0000'H, and is executed by a CPU now utilises the on -board 8 -bit parallel the process until all lines have been 'reset'. port. checked. The ETI-685 can be operated with any Install IC43 and 48 into their respect- monitor program which commences at Monitor commands ive sockets. Apply power to the board address '0000'H. In most cases one of Following are the and, with the aid of a logic probe or three monitors will commands and their be used. Firstly, respective functions: CRO, verify that the 1 MHz clock there is the Signetics' PIPBUG monitor A Examine and Alter appears at pin 38 of IC30 and pin 6 of (transferred into - memory EPROM) for serial contents. IC41. VDUs, then is there the range of B Set a Install the following ICs: 5, 13, 17, 18, BINBUG - program Breakpoint. monitors (produced by C 19, 21, 28, 30, 33, 36, 37, 40, 44, 45, 46, - Clear a set breakpoint. 49 MicroByte) for S100 memory -mapped D and 50. The board now contains VDUs and - Dump a block of memory to tape thirdly, the SBCBUG moni- (300 sufficient components to operate as a tor. Baud binary). G Execute a program at a specified `minimum component system' with 1K The SBCBUG is a 2716 2K single -rail - of user RAM available from '0400'H `Go' address. to EPROM containing two 1K monitor L '07FF'H. The board can be operated and - Load a tape file into memory. programs. The EPROM has been writ- S tested using a serial VDU with com- ten to support either - Examine (See) and modify the serial communi- CPU registers. munications via the current loop. A cations or memory -mapped video ter- serial VDU monitor in 2708 EPROM minals by selecting the appropriate 1K Now let us look in detail at each must be installed at IC16. If the 2716 monitor. The EPROM -type link field is command and what they do. dual SBC monitor is to be used, the W6 set up for a 2758 single -rail 1K EPROM, Examine and alter memory: This wire link field must be rewired, as and the A10 address pin is wired to command provides the user with a illustrated in the wire -link diagrams. either 0 V or +5 V to select the means of The displaying the contents of a SBC Monitor requires the keyboard required 1K monitor (see later). specified memory location and altering > to be wired to the parallel port at socket X5. MONITOR SUBROUTINE The successful operation of the pro- SUMMARY The monitor is included In the microcomputer system to provide the user with a basic set of operating ject at this point will indicate that all the peripheral interface commands. Many of the program subroutines contained in the monitor can be internal data, address and Incorporated control busses into user programs, and their use will greatly simplify interface programming are without fault and you may proceed requirements. The following subroutine to install the on -board ports, extra RAM descriptions have been compiled to give the programmer a brief explanation of the function of and the S100 buss each subroutine, details of the CPU registers affected and the maximum level of buffers. subroutine nesting achieved by each The If a serial VDU subroutine. subroutines are listed in 'name' alphabetical is not available, this order. The subroutines are only available in either the Serial or Memory -Mapped VDU Monitors. intermediate test cannot be performed, Name Address Nest Description so proceed to the next step. AGAP 027D 3 Outputs 'the number in Register 3' spaces (H'20'). Install the BIN following ICs: 6, 11, 12, 14, 0224 3 Inputs two hexadecimal characters from the keyboard and forms as 20, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 29, 31, 34, 35, 38, one 8 -bit byte in register R1. Serial monitor only. 39, 41, 42 and 47. The board is now BOUT 0269 3 The byte in R1 is output in binary as two hexadecimal characters. CHIN 0286 3 An ASCII complete and can be installed onto an character is input to RO from the keyboard. COUT 0284 2 The byte in RO is output as an ASCII character. S100 buss mother board. CRLF 008A 3 Outputs a carriage return and line feed to VDU. DLAY 1 A `BINGUG' 2708 Monitor can be 039B Produces a 1 -bit delay at 300 Baud (approx. 3.3 ms). DLY isnerted into IC16 039F 1 Produces a half -bit delay at 300 Baud (approx. 1.6 ms). to enable the use of FORM the 640 VDU. If the 027B 3 Outputs three spaces (H' 20') to the VDU. dual SBC monitor or GNUM 02DB 2 Places the next entry in the line buffer any other program in into R1 and R2. It Ignores 2716 EPROM is to leading zeros and correctly interprets a 1, 2, 3 or 4 -character entry. be INCT OOAB 1 Adds the two used, ensure that the W6 link field -byte number stored at TEMP and TEMP+ 1 to R1 and R2 (with carry) and stores has been rewired accordingly. the two -byte result back in TEMP and TEMP+ 1. LINE 005B 3 Inputs up to 20 The ETI-685 can now be tested on the characters from the keyboard into the Line butter. 'Delete' is used for entry corrections and CR or LF terminates the S100 buss with additional RAM mem- routine. ory. To verify that the system is fully LKUP 028C 1 Converts an ASCII character in RO Into a hex value in R3. Generates an error message If a operational, load and execute the RAM - character is not hexadecimal. STRT 00A4 1 TEST program given on page 104. Stores the number in R1 and R2 in TEMP and TEMP+ 1.

100 - December 1981 ETI APPLIED TECHNOLOGY MEGAMEMORY- state of the art 64K static ram card - 4W power Now you can afford the finest static memory card money can buy. This 0Ccredible board uses revolutionary new c+ i" MOS static RAM chips (6116 2KX8).The o If t, 1. result; High speed (4Mllz),Iultra low _ , power consumption (4W max. with 64K) ...mo, ....mail and low cost.For reliable memory on the S100 bus, static memory Is a mu t, and

MEGAMEMORY gives'lt to you at a price e which makes other static boards look i ' i i really overpriced. MEGAMEMORY rL Complies with.IEEE 696 S100 bus and .Í4 ,..,..r ,..,,.. can be bank selected to any of 16 64K btocks.The board is cdnfigured as 8 f separate 8K blocks with the last block Iii further divided into four 2K 'windows'. ' ti Another world first from AT; and , designed right here in Australia! 32K Built and tested $325.00 48K Built and tested $425.00 t, ¿ I 64K Built and tested 525.00 Set of 8X6116P chips (16K) 120.00 Z.A.T. The professional S100 computer at a non professional price! Don't compromise. With System Z.A.T. you get a machine which can expand In ...... ` whatever direction your computer needs ...... and interests take you. With full S100 ...... `...... capabilities (7 slots waiting for expansion) you'll never have to spend $500+ on an 1116...... " _!v_- expansion interface.The super powerful DGZ80 CPU card will take peripherals -:4551 'straight on' and the professional VDU run -rw card has upper/lower case so you can all software. This machine is no n=_ throwaway toy.lts inherent flexibilty and high standard of performance will make it . your wisest investment in micros possible today. ' System Z.A.T. with 16K RAM 1095

BUYDIRECT& SAVE ED: MIV/5.4ttttttttttttttt How can we offer professional S100 products at such low prices and stay in business? we can do this by keeping overheads low. we only have one outlet. we operate largely by mail order and we design and build our products here Order Direct - save time in Australia.As a result you get some of the finest 5100 products in the world and petrol at truly bargain prices. Sick of driving across town, only to find a a Blue vital IC is out of stock? Do you own Ribbon Interstate? Bankcard? Then let us take the hassle Mail Order Service out of it. Just phone (02) 487 2711 give Use our Ultra efficient mall order service Needs goods urgently? Phone order and ask forour $7.50 your Bankcard number and order.We'll and find out what Service means.We check stock, price and availability and Overnight Freightbag.Wé II rush the aim to offer you the fastest delivery the way.Let us make goods away tonight. get the goods on possibleAnd our 10,000 active mail life a little easier for you. order customers agree we're giving them what they want.Our standard charge is only S2.00 per order to cover package and postage. APPLIED TECHNOLOGY snail to Showroom/Office at 1A Pattison Ave. waitara orders Hours: 9.5 Monday to Saturday. PO Box 311. Hornsby 2077 Phone: (02) 487 2711 Telex: APPTEC ÁA72767 Goods expected In stock and prices correct at time of going to press.

Goer & Awe AT/10 P reDgel ESE

the current contents if necessary. It is returned and the breakpoint flag reset. than the original Signetics PIPBUG contains an automatic address in- If no breakpoint exists the monitor's routine and represents the best compro- crement be facility and may used to load error message is displayed. mise of speed and reliability. A suitable a program into consecutive memory Command format: C< frequency shift keyed cassette tape locations. The user should note that the moni- interface must be connected to the serial This command is also used to examine tor's RAM memory is cleared following a port on -board. the contents of memory following a processor reset and any program data Command format: Dssss-ffff- program execution or breakpoint. The stored there due to a pending breakpoint - eeee< automatic address increment feature' will be lost. ssss is the start address of the block can be used to display the contents of of data to be saved. consecutive memory locations. Dump to tape: The DUMP command ffff is the finish address of the block of Command format: Axxxx< provides the user with a means of saving data. xxxx is the hexadecimal address of programs on audio -quality magnetic eeee is the optional auto -start pro- the memory location for display. Ad- tape. The SBC monitor outputs binary gram entry address. leading dress zeros may be omitted. data at 300 Baud in the same format as The output format consists of a leader Following the execution of this com- the popular BINBUG monitor. This of 32 nulls, a `:' header, a four -byte start mand by the entry of the `carriage is format approximately six times faster address, a two -byte block length, a two - return' key (shown thus '<'), the mem- ory address and its contents will be displayed in the following format: xxxx...zz...[] 2650 MEMORY ADDRESS ASSIGNMENT TABLE zz is the current contents and [1 represents the cursor location. To alter Memory Sector (K) Starting Address Ending Address the memory contents, key in (in hex.) 1 0000 03FF the required data. Leading zeros may be 2 0400 07FF 3 omitted. If no data is entered before a 0800 OBFF carriage return (CR) or line feed (LF) 4 0000 OFFF the contents will remain unaltered. 5 1000 13FF To examine the next memory location 6 1400 17FF (auto address increment) enter a line 7 1800 1BFF 8 feed. To exit from this command enter a 1C00 1FFF carriage return. 9 2000 Set A 23FF breakpoint: program 10 breakpoint is primarily used during 2400 27FF program fault finding (debugging) 11 2800 2BFF to 12 terminate the execution of a 2C00 2FFF program at 13 a predetermined location. When the 3000 33FF 14 3400 breakpoint is encountered, is 37FF control 15 returned to the user, who is 3800 3BFF then able to 16 use the other monitor commands to 3C00 3FFF examine the microprocessor's internal 17 4000 registers or the program's memory lo- 43FF cations. 18 4400 47FF 19 4800 Only one program breakpoint can be 4BFF set at a time. 20 4C00 4FFF Command format: 21 5000 53FF Bxxxx< 22 xxxx is the hexadecimal address of 5400 57FF the first byte of the program 23 5800 5BFF instruction 24 at which the program `break' is required. 5C00 5FFF Leading zeros may be omitted. The breakpoint program 25 6000 63FF operates by 26 altering the contents of the 6400 67FF program 27 memory and cannot be used on pro- 6800 6BFF grams which reside in ROM or 28 6C00 6FFF EPROM. 29 Two bytes of program data are replaced 7000 73FF 30 7400 with `9B'H and the previous is 77FF data 31 saved in reserved locations in 7800 7BFF the 32 monitor's scratchpad RAM memory. 7C00 7FFF When the breakpoint is encountered the original data is returned (auto -clear) to program NOTES: the and the contents of the 1. Caution should be exercised when attempting program flow across page boundaries (shown thus microprocessor's internal registers are -'). Refer to the Signetics 2650 Microprocessor Data Manual. 2. The 2650 Monitor saved in the monitor's scratchpad RAM. resides in the first 1K sector (0000-03FF) and uses the next 64 bytes of RAM (0400-043F). User RAM commences at 0400. 3. The ETI-640 VDU resides in the 2K address sector 7800-7FFF. Clear breakpoint: This command is 4. The 2650 Disk Operating System (DOS) resides In the 2K address range 6800-6FFF and uses 2K of used to erase a pending program RAM at 7000-77FF. breakpoint. The previous program data

102 - December 1981 ETI 200 On 01100 byte SOT checksum, the data block and message displayed if a CRC error is the block checksum. As the data block detected. PORT CONNECTOR PINOUT DIAGRAMS has a maximum length of 256 characters, Command format: L<

SERIAL PORT the above process is repeated as often as At the completion of an error -free load necessary until the end address is the program checks the end of the data CURRENT LOOP T.. 1 o O reached. file for an auto -start address. If an CURRENT LOOP R. o o address is found the program will direct CURRENT LOOP 1. - o O GOTO (and execute): The GOTO the processor to execute the program at CURRENT LOOP Rx - o o command instructs the processor to that address. If no address is found the o o execute the program at a specified monitor will respond with the prompt o o 10V hexadecimal address. message. RS -232C Tx o o Command format: Gaaaa< Examine (See and alter) CPU RS -232C R o o aaaa is the hexadecimal program registers: This command is primarily 16 -PIN DIP execution address. Leading zeros can be used in conjunction with program omitted. breakpoints during program fault find- PPI PORT A. B AND C This command utilises the monitor ing. Program breakpoints can be used to 'line' subroutine to input a line of up to obtain a `snapshot' of the program and DATA BIT O o o 20 characters into the `line buffer'. As the microprocessor's status immediately

DATA BIT 1 o o only five characters are used by the prior to the execution of the instruction DATA BIT 2 o o command, a further 14 characters may at the breakpoint address. a is DATA BIT 3 o o be entered (following delimiting This command used to display the 0 seven DATA BIT 4 o o `space') to pass additional parameters to contents of any of the CPU's executing program. internal registers and two program DATA BIT S o o the status words following the execution of a DATA BIT 6 o o program breakpoint. It also permits the DATA BIT 7 o o Load from tape: The LOAD comrriand 16-PIN DIP is used to read back a binary data file user to alter the contents of any of these from tape which has been recorded using registers and resume program execution the DUMP command, or an identical using the G command. PARALLEL PORT (KEYBOARD) output format. The program extracts Command format: Sn< the start address from the data file and The number 'n' (valid in the range 0 to performs CRC checking. The tape load 8) is used to select the particular register DATA BIT 7 1 0 O 0 +5 V will be aborted and the monitor's error for display. DATA BIT 6 0 0 0 0 DATA BIT 5 0 0 0 0 V EPROM TYPE SELECTION FIELD (W6) DATA BIT 4 0 0 0 BREAK 2716 SINGLE -RAIL 2K DATA BIT 3 0 0 0 STROBE 2706 61111.71 -RAIL 1K )/ S ETCHED ON THE PCB) DATA BIT 2 0 0 0 0 V EPROM a CI O Q 0 O-O O DATA BIT 1 %OO %OO 0 0 0 0 V O O O DATA BIT O O O O ENABLE o EPROM A O gOo c.?, O o g o %o

26 2758 (OR HALE 2716) SINGLE -RAIL 15 T MS2716 MULTI.RAIL Rx- O O CL O O O O-O O %O CL Rx + 013 240 CL Tx- O O O O O O + CL Tic 012 0 O O O OA'O O O O B 0 0 o % % FOR SBC MONITOR ON 2716 0 A: FIRST 11( AS MONITOR 0 B: SECOND 1K AS MONITOR RS -232 0 V 07 O O O LINKING FOR THE MULTIBUG MONITOR ROM (V1.1) o o o The Multibug monitor EPROM is a single +5 V EPROM containing two 1K monitor programs which have O monitor. This EPROM contains in the first RS232 Tx O3 been developed for the ETI-685 from the popular BINBUG O 1K a monitor to Interface with 300 Baud serial video terminals and in the second 1K a monitor to RS -232 R 02 o interface with S100 buss memory -mapped VDUs (such as the ETI-640). The required monitor program o is selected by setting the EPROM's A10 address line to either O V (for the serial monitor) or +5 V (for the 5100 monitor). 25 -PIN To use the 2716 EPROM the W6 link field must be rewired from its 'etched' linking, which has been preset for multi -rail 2708 EPROMs. Three links must be broken and the adjacent links closed; all other links can be left 'as etched'. The 2716 EPROM must only be inserted at IC16. p o DATA BIT O 0 0 0 V o-o o Break the links marked thus d Oo 0 O BIT I O O '0 V (O DATA the links marked thus Close O DATA BIT 2 0 0 BIT 7 A Q O o Link A to B for the serial monitor DATA BIT 3 BIT 6 (o 0 0 %% " (%D eá% Link B to C for the 5100 monitor DATA BIT 4 O O BIT 5 THE S100 MONITOR FOR ET1-640 TYPE VDUs. 10 -PIN FRC The S100 Monitor uses the X5 parallel -in -port connection to interface to a standard parallel keyboard which produces a positive strobe. The port 'enable' line can be tied direct to 0 V and the keyboard should not draw more than 50 mA from the +5 V supply. A 'Break' function using the CPU Sense line PORT CONNECTOR PINOUT DIAGRAMS can be used if the top half of the W2 link set is rewired (break 1-2 and close 2-3).

ETI December 1981 - 103 lb© 0 = register 0 The user may alter the displayed and projects. First up, we have an article 1 = register 1 bank 0 register's contents by entering a two - coming on the subject of interfacing, 2 = register 2 bank 0 character hexidecimal number before using the 8255 programmable peripheral 3 = register 3 bank 0 entering a CR or LF. To display the next interface (PPI). Work is currently in register (auto increment) a LF. progress an ASCII 4 = register 1 bank 1 enter To on keyboard and a exit from this command, enter a CR. cassette interface and we hope to present 5 = register 2 bank 1 these as early in the new year as possible, 6 = register 3 bank 1 Follow up given the vagaries of Murphy's Law, 7 = Program Status Word Upper Plan's are well advanced to follow up this mayhem and the fairies at the bottom of 8 = Program Status Word Lower project with á number of related articles the darkroom ...

:* MEMORY TEST PROGRAMME :i 8755 PPI TEST PROGRAMME :* :* :* Execute be keying 0440_SSSS_EEEE :*Execute by entering '(1500' :* :* tEBUO LOU H'001D' :PORTA EOU IMBUO EOU H'0022' :PORTO EOU H'01' :CRLF EOU H'0025' IPORTC E11U H'02' IZOUT EOU H'002A' ICNTRL EOU H'03' IGABT EQU H'OOA1' :* :BOUT LOU H'0269' IEBUO EQU H'001D' IFOUT EOU H'0279' IMBUO EOU H'0022' :OPIUM EQU H'0208' IZOUT EQU H'002A' i* :BOUT EOU H'0269' ITEMP EOU H'0400' Start Address Pointer IFORM EQU H'0278' :TEMO LOU H'040F' End Address Pointer :FOUT EQU H'0279' :* :GOUT EOU H'02114' ORO H'0440' t* I* ORG H'0500' 0440 0402 :INIT LODI.RO 02 Arith. compare :* 0500 0480 :INIT LODIrRO H'80' All port output. 0442 93 i LPSL Clear Carry. RS1 0502 D403 WRTE.R0 CNTRL 0443 7640 t PPSU FLAG Set flag 0504 20 EORZ.R0 n pith. co,Pore. clear 0445 3FOOA1 I BSTA.UN OAST Fetch Start Add. 0505 93 LPSL carru a.,d HSI. 0448 E504 COMIrRI 04 0506 044A 9805 BCFR.EQ CONT Not 0400-4FF block C809 $TRR.R0 WRITE+1 0508 C809 044C 0505 LODIrRI 05 then start at 0500 STRR.RO READ+1 i*Test Port bu a bit patter.. and then 044E CD040D STRA.R1 TEMP Start Add. in TEMP writing 0451 3F02DB CONT BSTArUN GNUM Fetch End Add. :* read it back and compare 0504 0600 :S Loor counter 0454 CDO4OF STRA.R1 TEMO End Add. in 1EMO TART LODIrR2 H'-00' counter 0457 20 ÉORZrR0 He. '00' OSOC 0708 :TEST" LODIrR3 H'O8' Byte Bit 8 set 0458 CC040E STRA.RO TEMP+1 Only 256 bete blocks 050E 0580 LODIrR1 H'BO' 0510 11500 ?WRITE WRTErRI PORTA Output data ratter. 0458 CC0410 i STRArRO TEM0+1 Read data Lark I*Print Address block to test 0512 5400 :READ REDE.RO PORTA compare 0451 BRAS :BLOCK ZBSR *CRLF New line' 0514 El COMZ,R1 then 0515 9829 BCFRrEO ERROR 0460 000400 : LODArR1 TEMP High Add. byte 0517 51 RRR.R1 Shift set bit 0463 3E0269 I BSTArUN BOUT 0518 FE76 BDRR.R3 WRITE eight, tines then 0466 OD040E : LODArR1 TEMP+1 Low Add. byte loop 7.56 Lunc. 0469 3F0279 BSTArUN FOUT BOUT with 3 spaces 051A F670 11111411.112 TEST *Test 256 byte block :* 046C 20 EORZ.R0 051C 0973 LODR.R1 WRITE+I Fetch current port At port C yet 0460 C2 " STRZ.R2 Clear 051E F501 COMIrR1 PORTC-1 Index ports 046E CEE40D !WRITE STRArRO *TEMP.R2 Fill block 0520 1D0528 BCTArGT ENO Yes. all OK 01 No. next Tort n..mber 0471 8401 i ADDIrRO 01 0523 8501 ADDI.R1 0473 8601 ADDI.R2 01 next 0575 C96Á STRRrR1 WRITE+1 loaded 0475 9877 BCFR.Z WRITE till 0527 C96A STRR.R1 READ+1 H'00' Lest 0477 FEE40D :READ COMArRO *TEMP.R2 Read back 0579 1BSF . BCTR.UN START Continue :*Print the PPI OK message 047A 9826 t BCFR.EO ERROR 0520 7600 :END PPSU FI AG 047C 8401 : ADDIrRO 01 052D O IL G. loor ente. 047E 8601 : AODIIR2 01 next 0700 LODI.R3 052F 0F2538 :PRINT LODA.R0 TEXT -1.R34 Fetch bete 0480 9$75 I BCFR.Z READ till H'00' :* 0532 1C0022 BCTA.Z MBUG Last hule is zero 0487 R401 ADDI.RO 01 Increment. for all 0535 RBn6 ZBSR *ZOIJT Proa. buce 0484 y868 BCFR.Z WRITE data combinations 0'.37 1876 NCTR.UN PRINT turn' t* 0539 50504920 :TEXT DATA A'PPI OK'r0 0486 044F :OK LODI.RO n'O' :*Print the error ,PSSd4e Save fo.m.i value n. ü2 0488 BBAA ZBSR *ZOUT Print '0' 0540 C2 :ERROR STRZ,R2 0541 0848 1 L0DRrR0 START+1 Fetch port value 048A 0448 t LODIrRO A'K' 0543 8441 i ADDI.RO Convert to Alphn 04BC BBAA t ZBSR *ZOUT Print 'K' H'41' :*Test for End Address 0545 HBAA t ZBSR *ZOUT Print runt 040E 0110400 LODA.R1 TEMP 0547 3F027B t BSTArUN FORM written 0491 EDO4OF COMA.R1 TEMO 054A 3E0279 : BSTArUN POUT Print value 0494 1C0022 BCTArEO MBUO End of test 054D 02 LODZ.R2 0497 18001D BCTA.OT EBUO Address wrong 054E Cl I STRZrR1 049A 8501 ADDI.R1 01 Next block 054F 3E0269 i BSTArUN BOUT Print found value 049C CD040D STRA.R1 TEMP 0552 981D : ZBRR EBUO 049F 1F045E BCTA.UN BLOCK n *Report error end Address 00 ERRORS DETECTED 04A2 C3 ERROR STRZ.R3 Save fail Data but* 04A3 OD040D LODA.R1 TEMP High Add. byte 04A6 3F0269 IZOUT BSTArUN BOUT 0500 04 80 D4 03 20 93 CO 09 CO 09 06 00 07 08 05 BO 0449 02 LODZ.R2 Low Add. bete 0310 DS 00 54 00 El 98 29 51 FB 76 FA 70 09 73 E5 01 04AA Cl STRZ.Ri 0520 ID 05 28 85 01 C9 6A C9 6A 10 5F 76 00 07 00 OF 04AB 3F0279 BSTA.UN FOUT 0530 25 38 IC 00 22 B8 AA IB 76 50 50 49 20 4F 40 00 04AE 03 LODZ.R3 Print fail data byte 0540 C2 08 48 84 41 B8 AA 3F 02 78 3F 02 79 02 Cl 3F 04AF CI STRZ.R1 0550 02 69 9B ID 0480 3BFS BSTR.UN *IBOUT+1 0482 9822 ZBRR MBUG Abort test. 1* 00 ERRORS DETECTED OTHER RELATED ETI PROJECTS THAT MAY INTEREST YOU 0440 04 02 93 76 40 3F 00 Al ES 04.98 05 05 05 CD 04 ETI-635 Microcomputer Power Supply Sept. '77 0450 OD 3F 02 DB CD 04 OF 20 CC 04 OE CC 04 10 BB AS 0460 OD 04 OD 3F 02 69 OD 04 OE 3F 02 79 20 C2 CE E4 ETI-640 S100 VDU April, May, June'78 0470 OD 84 01 86 01 98 77 EE E4 OD 98 26 84 01 86 01 ETI-636 0480 98 7.5 84 01 98 68 04 4F BB AA 04 4B BB AA OD 04 S100 Motherboard May'80 0490 OD ED 04 OF IC 00 22 1D 00 ID 85 01 CD 04 00.1F ETI-681 S100 Programmable Character Generator June'80 04A0 04 5E C3 OD 04 OD 3F 02 69 02 Cl 3F 02 79 03 Cl 0480 38 F5 9B 22 ETI-682 S100 PROM Board March'81

104 - December 1981 61 Electronics Today International is published by Murray Publishers Pty Ltd, 15 Boundary St, Rushcutters Bay NSW 2011. It is printed (in 1981) by Offset Alpine, cnr. Wetherill and Derby Sts, Silverwater NSW, 1 and distributed by Gordon and Gotch.

Editor Mail enquiries: There is no charge for replies, but a foolscap -sized, stamped, Roger Harrison VK2ZTB addressed envelope must be enclosed. Queries relating to projects cari only be answered if related to the item as published. We carinot advise on Technical Editor modifications to projects, other than errata or addenda, nor if a project has David Tilbrook VK2YMI been modified or if components are other than specified. We try to answer letters as soon as possible. Difficult questions may take time to answer. Production Editor Jane Clarke B.A. (Hons) Phone enquiries: We cari only answer readers' technical enquiries by In enquiring by telephone about back issues or Editorial Staff telephone after 4.30 pm. photostats, please ask for the Subscriptions Department. William Fisher B.Sc. (Hons) (02)33-4282 J.B. Scott B.Sc./B.E. (Hons) VK2YBN Editoriál and Sales Office: . NSW 2011. Ph. 33-4282; Jan Vernon B.A. 4th Floor, 15 Boundary St, Rushcutters Bay Phil Wait VK2DKN Tlx: 27243 Sales Manager: Bob Taylor Layout Sales Admin: Pam Lord Bill Crump (address as above) Githa Pilbrow Typesetting Melbourne: Virginia Salmon, 150 Lonsdale St, New Zealand: Frank Hargreaves, Circulation Marketing Melbourne Vic 3000. Ph: 662-1222; Tlx AA34543. Manager, c/- ACP, 4th Floor, Sun Alliance House, Deborah Newman 42-44 Shortland St, Auckland. Ph: (9)30311. United Kingdom: Australian Consolidated Press, Adelaide: Admedia Group, 24 Kensington Rd, Rose Reader Services Ludgate House, 107 Fleet St, London EC4A 2AL Park SA 5067. Ph: 332-8144; Tlx AA82182. Pam Lord Ph: 353-1040; Tlx: 267163. Japan: Genzo Uchida, Bancho Media Services, 16 Bellbowne Managing. Editor Brisbane: Geoff Horne Agencies, 15 Sanyeiicho, Shin juku-Ku, Tokyo 160, Ph: 359.8866; Ph: Collyn Rivers Centre, Bellbowne Old 4070. 202-6813. Cable: Elbanchorito; Tlx: BMSINC J25472 Tokyo. USA: Australian Consolidated Press, 21 East 40th Acoustical Consultants Perth: Aubrey Barker, 133 St Georges Terrace, Perth Street (Floor 23), New York NY 10016. Phone: (212) Louis Challis & Associates WA 6000. Ph: 322-3184; Tlx: ÁA93810 685-9570.

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ETI December 1981 - 105 Direct (Computer - IN A SHOP AND 1 YEAR OLD DIRECT COMPUTER SALES \,Sales) 198 Forest Road Business Hours: ../ HURSTVILLE SYDNEY NSW 2220. Mon, Tue, Wed, Fri, 9 - 6 Phone: 02 570 8344 Thurs 9 - 9 V Telex: AA 20149 Sat 9 - 2 Yes, we have,been trading successfully for one year and at QUALITY NTSC MONITOR present are enjoyirig the new facilities that a shop brings - Improves colour and TEXT without the PAL colour card. greater opportunity to demonstrate ail our goodies - like; MICRO COMPUTER TRAINING COURSES APPLE D.C.S. has entered the field of professional micro computer training. Utilizing the hands-on All Apple hardware and software products. self study courses prepared CCS by Integrated Computer Systems, the acknowledged U.S. All leader in this field we can train tradesmen their Apple peripheral cards including manuals available technicians and separately. engineers to give them a full understanding of the hardware and MOUNTAIN software of micro computers. COMPUTER At present two Their complete range. courses are available. 1 Microprocessor Software and Hardware MICROSOFT 2 Microprocessor Real -Time Interfacing. All their Apple products including 3 new ones; A.L.D.S. - The courses are available through purchase, hire and a Z80/8080/6502 assembler; Applesoft Compiler; muMaths attendance in regular classes. for the Z80 equipped Apple. Our major effort will begin next February so send for our PRINTERS brochure and all the other details and plan your training. Silentype; Seikosha; the 3 MX -80's and the MX -100; Paper CATALOG Our new software and hardware catalog Tiger 445G; Anadex DP9500; Dick's daisy wheel, Sanders contains a lot of helpful information on all our lines and 12/7. include pricing. Its now available and free. BUSINESS SOFTWARE O.C.S. NEEDS STAFF! If you 6S accounting systems; Spellbinder; Wordstar and Sandy's are a design engineer or a top technician capable of design or a WP; Cashbook; Personal person interested in selling and are turned on by micros Filing Sytem (PFS). us - give BOOKS AND MAGAZINES a call. Byte; Interface Age; Softalk; Computers Don't Byte; SEASON'S GREETINGS TO ALL OUR CUSTOMERS. Reference Guides and more. May the new year be as good to you as you have been to us. 48k RAM FOR $295* _

WOW GOODBYE 11i. t.,.,., : STATICS Just look at these kit prices i for our , 64k S100 Dynamic memory board. inc. tax ex. tax 16K bytes $259 $225 32K bytes $299 $260 48K bytes $339 $295 64K bytes $379 $330 8 x 4116 (200ns) $ 40 $ 35 Manual only $ 7

2716 (+5V) $6.10* a...nt.a.r_^-.,, , Yes! We sell the TCT "Universal" Prom t. o0 ... ; board (ETI-682.1 Take a look at these prices! - . . *Co inc. tax ex. tax Complete kit $115 $100 Board only $ 69 $ 60 2716 (+5V,450ns) $ 7 $ 6.10 Manual only $ 7

ritrana:raa om

TCT Micro Design Pty. Ltd. P.O. Box 263 Wahroonga, 2076, N.S.W. Please add $3 for post and packing. Phone: (02) 48-5388 * Plus sales tax.

106 - December 1981 ETI DON'T FORGET TO CHECK WITH US BEFORE YOU BUY A,COMPUTER OR OTHER PRODUCTS ROD IRVING.' ELECTRONICS 425 HIGH STREET, NORTHCOTE 3070. MELBOURNE. VICTORIA. S100 COMPUTER PRODUCTS 16K EPROM CARD -S 100 BUSS S-100 EPROM 32K CARD AVAILABLE AGAIN r. NEW! ~NW S89.50 . KIT $99.95 r: ; KIT 41411 -in ° BLANK PC BOARD a' ! «: aP * USES 2716'5 r 549 .- -= Blank PBoard ESTE I n. e USES 2708's! .L._... ---i ASSEMBLED á TESTED ' I. 4 rt1L 01 personal the i ADD 530 Thousands and business systems around ` w world use this board with complete satisfaction. Puts 16K SPECIAL 2716 EPROM's (450 NS) Are 55.90 EA. With Above Kith needed of software on line at ALL TIMESI Kit features a top quality KIT FEATURES 16F Dynamic Rea Board 1611 OTnamk RAM Beard asmmee0 and tested run I Uses 5V only 2716 (25.8) 7. Any Or all EPROM tocatons can fury EOM.** IF 045 Seecul 5769 pus la. 14m Hilt 5799 pus lac I4ITRT) soldermasked and silk-screened PC board and first be EPROM'S d hummed tested and guaranteed TMs 11111 be lie bell oleo evadable en paddy tested parts and sockets. Any number of EPROM locations may 2 Allows up to 325 of software on 8 Dou04.01e sad. PC board,solder- 5100 Cemwtere dynamic RAM beards be disabled to avoid any memory conflicts. Fully buttered tine mask..L e. pee ned 3 GEE S-100 Compahbleas 9 Gold plated contact foyers 320 Alsemwd and tested 5289low tM 14e0 and has WAIT STATE capabilities. 4 Addressable two md ependenl 10 UnlIeCled EPROM's 165 autornahcab power. down for 405 rested tau 450 ASSEMBLED Amoral. and $309,P.. 14.1.1 OUR NS 2708'S 5 Cromerneo extended or Norehslar low POOP' ARE $5.90EA. WITH AND FULLY TESTED Fury buffered Dana select 11 and bypassed 645 Asumerrd and leper, N., laa PURCHASE $329 14.51] OF KIT ADD 536 6 On 5041,0 wat stale Capra./ d 12 Easy and ouch to assemble 16K STATIC RAM KIT -S 100 BUSS 16K S I ATIL, RAM SS -50 BUSS Computer! PRICE CUT! " I! Ee I la ' 1 : 11:aT I $99 ITT I I I I,I,II 9 1 _ 5--.. r!.' I I I. I. I 11 -i KIT $189 E [: pepe]. .(. urea.. . IPlugsinto any! TV! ! nEMS EIEIIIIIIII'S A&T $219 III¡IIIt/1,111 $199 KIT ETI 660 A&T $219 eCE IIEIICC111111 vo one wood Rave Owed a Ms was er News now aa. shawls a0.alrs 0-` FULLY STATIC a l ¡ 'S A iia'T pub 01K manors 434 I7"á woWwa low mad caba.4lm cassette AT DYNAMIC ado W ION coed Wok r 1 Ch5el E.9esen proem cows,. Ini nn9113inrn". PRICES vex..grim ASCII .Hoed pH an Rees W.., KIT FEATURES n ¡Suml,C a.5aR Po vqr rotes 32K STATIC ALSO AVAILABLE stew 114 RAr ERN a 19900 w 700aÁ I G u eat 5650 t BOARD BANK brewer Gprlorry PC ail FEATURE. ea steward Allows ta05*1. W BLANK BOARD W DATA 555 ewe0 00 I Addressable on 155 Bworms RC 51600 uels011a 1 Stale ElfOSIDs 1440 a PROFILE SET 2 Uwe Stoic Ram a ON We SELECTABLESPLEBoABLE STATES LOW SOCKET 2114 a wet all woo hu draw yl. 11 ry FOR SWTPC 3 Runs at Full Speed YASe0e n pp 1991 5 DJiUre .papPC Bova ven owe meo RM.yr. NW:lle s Id ee teraut OW owed covedmnia[1 SUPPORT IC S B CAPS 529 4 Double Wad PC Board Solver meek and 6800 BUSS! pla Weaned layout Gold Angers ETI636 7 SLOT MOTHERBOARD WITH ACTIVE TERMINATION e Al wows ere cute hay Artesia ASSEMBL ED A TESTED ADD 530 5 Al Parts W Sockets x504050 5s K4 of Parts $09.00. Assembled and tested S 115.00, MC lax 7 Ka acuses ALL Deb ano reocAd. d LO Prover Under 1 5 Ampe Typed e PHANTOM rawer. r PIN ET RITRON COMPUTER GRADE POWER SUPPLY: +5V Reg. 10A. POWER 9 LOW unen 1 S amps TYPICAL San OUR 81 SELLING x 16V Uneg Kd of parts 589.90 Inc lax A5T 5109.00 Inc tax he e Yea Bu. BLANK PC BOARD -549 COMPLETE SOCKET SET - 10 Gans PC Board can be 1ppa.w4w.N mw RAM BOARD! S22 SUPPORT IC'S AND CAPS - 545 Write for list of other power soppbs. Tax tree picas also avaa.Dle. a ' -q SINGLE , . l. BOARD COMPUTER KIT

d TAX (1 71/2943) r Ot n 1 NOW + . . ONLY $649 r 1. Also available,

k p PCB's , . .... Blank with Roms $295 + Tax.

THE FERGUSON PROJECT: Three years le the won., and maybe loo good to be true. a trr6ute to hard h.dea, cum mg dui1 no compromise, high Performance. American engmeeang' The Big Board gives you all the mo.l needed lomputing velures on one 05.10.1 a very reasonable cost The Big Board os des.gned from sc rate to run the atest 1.nlon of CPCM'. Just Imagine all the on.me-.hell s01M.re ...lean be run on the Brg Board without any 1 - Wu modilkations needed. Take Ole Board. add couple ola roc name droves. power suPPIPand enclmure:and .. . 1 r .:. you have total 'holiness System for about I/3 the cost you 0(3551 expect to pay. afltil A .I1 ` all F,s'`S' t FEATURES: (Remember, this on one board!)

.1 64K RAM .`: Pr 1-61, s' ` r r` SIZE: 8'h o 13 IÑ. Uses Industry standard 4116 RAM'S. All 64K Is available to the user. our VIDEO s- _1 [P PsaA,_'i SAME AS AN 8 IN. DRIVE. and EPROM sections do not make holes in system RAM. Also. very special care -_ - {_1P' I 'y,. ,I REQUIRES: 5V @ 3 AMPS was taken in the RAM only PC layout lo eliminate potential noise and glitches. ' 12V @ .5 AMPS. _.,...... 11{ `C1,1011,4_all'F . fifa Lav<+y.up9:. ^... e,.:.. :. Z-80 CPU 24 x 80 CHARACTER VIDEO Running al 2.5 MHZ. Handles all 4116 RAM refresh and supports Mode 2 INTERUPTS. Fully bullered and runs 8080 software With a crisp, flicker -free display that looks extremely sharp even on small monitors. Hardware scroll and lull cursor Control. Composite video or split video SERIAL I/O (OPTIONAL) and sync. Character set is supplied on a 2716 style ROM, making Customized Rate FULL fonts easy Sync pulses Can be arly desired length or polarity. Video may be Full 2 Channels using the Z80 SIO and the SMC 8116 Baud Generator. inverted or true. RS232! For synchronous or asynchronous communication. In synchronous mode, the clocks can be Transmitted or received by a modem. Both channels can be set up for either data -communication or data -terminals. Supports mode 21ní. FLOPPY DISC CONTROLLER Price for all parts and connectors; $95 a Data for enhanced Uses WD1771 controller chip with TTL Separator BASIC I/O reliability. IBM 3740 compatible. Supports up to four 8 inch disc drives. Directly compatible with standard Shugart drives such as the SA800 or SA801. Drives can Consisls of a separate parallel port (ZB0 PTO) for use with an ASCII encoded be configured for remote AC ollon. Runs CP/M' 2.2. keyboard for Input. Output would be on the 80 R 24 Video Display.

FOUR PORT PARALLEL I/O (OPTIONAL) REAL TIME CLOCK (OPTIONAL)

Uses Z-80 PTO. Full 16 bits, fully bullered. bi-directional. User selectable hand Uses Z-80 CTC. Can be Configured as a Counter on Real Time Clock. Set of all shake polarity. Set of all parts and connectors for parallel,)/O- $45 parts: $25

PFM 3.0 2K SYSTEM MONITOR The real power of the Big Board Iles In Its PFM 3,0 on board monitor. PFM commands Include: Dump Memory. Boot CP/M', Copy Examine. Fill Memory, Test Memory, Go To. Read and Write I/O Ports, Disc Read (Drive, Track. Sector), and Search. PFM occupies one of the lour 2716 EPROM locations provided. It does not occupy any of the 64K of system RAMI

Exempt Enquiries) Please debit my Bankcard General enquiries (03) 489-813), Mail ordilr enquiries (03)-481.1436. Ritronics Wholesale, (03) 489-7099. (Tax Bankcard No rlces suDlect to c.;ange without notice. Send 600 and SAE for free . Expiry Date Price lists. MAIL ORDERS PO BOX 235 NORTHCOTE. Vic. 3070. Name Minimum pack and post $5.00. Telex AA38897. PLEASE WRITE OR RING FOR THE BEST POSSIBLE PRICES ON DISC DRIVES, Signature PRINTER§.ND OTHER COMPUTER rk,MPONENTe Limited Quantity A manufacturer's - Be Quick _ mistake means we can sacrifice these incredible CRAIG .ee.""' language translators at a staggering OVER ' OFF: WAY BELOW o COST

90 DAY WARRANTY

THE CRAIG M100 lrc.(,i. This unit sold in " 0 Australia for $250 and 200,000 were ,40©O over sold _. 4 QD_[.j/ world wide at similar O0 L 1 prices. The manufacturer ! O fkir " 9 made too ! J_ I "No Iii many .`, and \ QGNETIO we # SPELLS have WORDS >F , scooped alTAs1 THEY `L a limited , , W PRONOUNCED Z Cat. Y-1347 1111 quantity at WAY BELOW the a *0 $9.50 , manufacturer's cost! &;TRIDGa. How would YOU like to be able to convey Includes 'f! English - ii l' your thoughts, needs and questions in $5950 Cartridge AM another language? Well now you can! The CRAIG M100 enables you to type in a Cat. Y-1340 message and at the touch of a button translate that message into another language. It even has whole phrases that can be LANGUAGE called up at the touch of a button and partial phrases to which you can add your It is recommended that you use 4 CARTRIDGES own ending. A truly remarkable unit that Duracells (Cat. S-3280) at $1.60 or 4 Japanese (Y-1342) $14.50 can calculate (e.g. currency conversions) Nicads (Cat. S-3300) at $2.25 each. If German (Y-1343) $16.50 SAVE and it has inbuilt metric conversions, a using the Nicads they can be re- Italian (Y-1344) $14.50 up to great boon! The Craig M100, a true hand- charged in the Craig M100 by using Bar & Wine Guide (Y-1345) held language computer with RAM, ROM the M-9525 battery eliminator which Calorie Counter (Y-11034646) and CPU! Ideal for businessmen on over- also serves to power the unit from $ $9.50) seas trips, the AC. The M-9525 is great value at 60% students studying languages Spanish (Y-1348) $16.50 etc. $9.75. Normally $35 ea. 7 DAY SATISFACTION GUARANTEE SEE OUR OTHER TRY ONE AND SEE! DICK SMITH ADS FOR A FULL If you are not totally satisfied return the LIST OF STORE unit in the same condition as received and your money will be refunded. ELECTRONICS Ty' ADDRESSES

DSE/939/RB rc r' rCompetition

We are running a programming competition and encourage anyone with time and enthusiasm to ASTEROIDS by Apollo enter. Prizes will total over 52,500.001 One prize of $500.00 will be awarded to each winning SUPER entry in all 5 sections with the chance of more than one winning entry per section if the standard is 'A new era in real time graphic arcade games'. particularly high. Never has there been such a captivating and superbly written arcade game for the Sorcerer. Styled after the well known and very popular ASTEROID DELUXE ar:ade game, SUPER ASTEROIDS is SECTION 1: Games Any type of game will be accepted although we recommend the arcade styles - destined to become the most popular piece of demonstration software used by dealers and users such as Asteroids or Adventure games. alike. Perhaps it is the outstanding use of fine line graphics or the silky smooth movement. Maybe it SECTION 2: Utilities - Here a wide range of options is available including Graphics, Plotting, is the breathtaking speed, dazzling explosions, gripping sound effects or simply the challenge of Assemblers, Mini Compilers, Printer Drivers and Disk Utilities. . avoiding those fire balls from that persistent flying saucer that insidiously follows you across the SECTION 3: Educational - Anything from child education in Maths and Spelling to computing such screen. Whatever it is, we warn you NOT to purchase this p3me for tear that you may join the ranks as the Machine Code tutorials. of hundreds of other ASTEROID Addicts who, square and bleary eyed at 3 am, just MUST have ONE more go at trying to beat that High Score. SECTION 4: Serious Applications - This may include Data Base programs, Accounting Systems The object is to guide a small space ship across the screen avoiding but shooting asteroids as they (both cassette and disk based), Maths and Scientific packages, Astronomy and other special is many repeatedly hitting purpose applications. glide past. When an asteroid hit, it will break up into smaller pieces. By the pieces they will soon disintergrate and disappear. If you crash your ship into an asteroid it will SECTION 5: Miscellaneous Anything not covered above such as Novelty Programs, Hardware) - break into pieces and splinter across the screen in a shower of sparks! However, if you manage Software combinations, Sound Generation and Wordprocessor programs would come under this stay in one piece, chances are you'll soon be pursued by a flying saucer that shoots balls of fire! section. Best that you treat him with care, else you may make his friends VERY aggressive.

CONDITIONS OF ENTRY Apollo has used a novel but ingenius method of continually reprogramming graphics characters and loss. All applications must be lodged at System Software on or before the 31st December, 1981. has obtained stunning resultsl All movement is done pixel by pixel but without speed Numbers of asteroids, directions, speeds and such like are all totally unpredictable. If you can show us a piece Entries should be submitted on cassette at both 1200 and 300 baud twice each. If the software is of software that has finer, smoother and faster graphics than SUPER ASTEROIDS, we guarantee to to be run on disk, instructions should be included on uploading. refund your money in full! Cassette 529.95 No entry will be returned unless specifically requested and return postage forwarded. Entries will be judged according to: Ill Programming technique. (21 Reliability. 131 Usefulness. (4) Creativity. 151 Originality. (6) Marketability and (71 Documentation ZAP80 by Ian Robinson 'Secret Code Disassembyer'. At least one (1) winning entry will be taken from each section. This is far from your average runol.the.mill disassembles! Other than being a mere 4K long, able to The Judges' decisions will be final and no correspondence will be entered into. disassemble at the speed of light and packed with options. ZAP80 will disnlay before your very eyes A size to each entry. D of 5500.00 will be awarded winningent all those unknown instructions ZILOG never talk about! Ian has been doing extensive research into Only winning entries will become the property of System Software. the actions of the Z80 processor when confronted with the 700 or so undocumented land so called code sequences. Over 100 of these are VERY useful! Did you know you have extra 8 bit The names of all programmers submitting winning entries will be published in a subsequent 'illegal') a manipulate Did know about extra rotate catalogue unless otherwise requested. registers and complete set of instructions to them? you instructions? ' ZAP80 will disassemble ANY code sequence. Nothing is illegal! It will allow you to program with codes that othhr diuter can decipher!xlaa onThinkf et that ZAP80 comes with documentation and explanation of all new mnemonics used. Three versions are sysTem soFTware supplied that reside in low, mid and high memory. Options include ASCII output, screen pause and 1 KENT STREET, BICTON customised printer control. WESTERN AUSTRALIA 6157 Whether you are a serious programmer, a beginner or simply curious, ZAP80 is a piece of software must have. a REAL TELEPHONE: ISD (619) STD (09) 339 3842 you Come and play adventure game! Cassette $24.95 Sunday through to Friday. Ask for personal service. Postage within Australia.is Si for initial item and 50c for Richard Swannell for each additional. Outside Australia is S2 and 50c. l You'll have to believe this! r . - $156 SAVING

, b 1.41 ON THE OHIO SCIENTIFIC . la i SUPERBOARD II I. IA IIc1 afillifiaoaa You get: a fully assembled unit 8 K Microsoft BASIC in ROM II ODaIPE fiIILiiJ % 24 x 24 or 12 x 48 display 4 K RAM Graphics are standard u LI Lin Full keyboard { Video interface Cassette interface IL.11._11,: Printer port standard lr>t iriW. All this for $319 1,111 l.Z: him. PLUS SALES TAX 1.aa r" TCG OHIO SCIENTIFIC PTY. LTD. ea:atik.karrs J 31-33 HUME ST., CROWS NEST caraIli 1 N.S.W. 2065 arr TEL. 439 3930 'ck y ystem : e Put yourself in the picture! t«,Mccccc1INmNcN\,w\,,,

worth $750 Enter this contest and you too could use this computer featuring TitaneowO- the most popular microprocessor IC - the Z80. The door to the world of microcomputing could open for you. Just load the crossword with your data (sorry, we've no level meter like the System 80), write an essay and send us the coupon (or a copy plus the bottom corner of the page).

WHAT COULD YOU DO WITH A PERSONAL COMPUTER?

More to the point, what could you do with Dick Smith's System 80 Microsoft BASIC in ROM, 16K of RAM on -board and software personal computer? Thousands of purchasers seem to have found compatible with most level II Tandy software. plenty of applications. Dick Smith Electronics claim the System 80 is Australia's fastest selling computer in its field. It's quite a powerful THE CONTEST machine, having 16K of user RAM and offering a full 12K version of the Last year, in conjunction with Dick Smith Electronics, we ran a contest industry -standard Microsoft BASIC programming language. The with a System 80 as a prize. It attracted an extraordinarily high level of microprocessor employed is the powerful Z80 - the most popular entries and was one of the most successful contests we had ever run. 8 -bit microprocessór chip in the world. Once again, Dick Smith has offered a System 80 as a prize for a A whole range of software is available for use on the System 80, contest. This time all you have to do is correctly complete the simple which incidentally is compatible with almost all TRS-80 software, crossword and tell us in a short essay what, you would do with a according to Dick Smith. You can play fun games like 'Poker Pete', System 80. 'Rescue at Rigel' (a space adventure game), 'Flight Simulator' (pilot Here's your chance to win a Dick Smith System 80, worth S750, your own plane), 'Interlude' (spice up your love life!), 'Super Maze' and for nothing! of course the one and only 'Space Invaders'. A System 80 can This contest is jointly sponsored by ETI Magazine and Dick Smith become a learning tool with software such as 'Typing Tutor', 'Speed Electronics who have generously donated the prize. Reading - Course', 'Learn Music', etc. You can turn a System 80 into a You may enter as many times as you wish but you must use a small business computer too. separate entry form for each entry and include the month and page number cut from the WHAT'S IT GOT? bottom right hand page of the contest. You must put your name and address where indicated on each entry form and The System 80 features a built-in a cassette, built-in power supply, sign and date each. S100 buss expansion capability, RF output (you can connect it to any TV set), two motor -controlled cassette interfaces (you can add an NOTE: Please read contest rules carefully, especially if sending extra cassette), memory expansion to 48K (total) possible, 12K in multiple entries.

110 - December 1981 ETI RULES This contest is open to all persons normally resident in Australia with the exception of members of the staff of Dick Smith Electronics, Murray Publishers Pty Ltd, Australian Consolidated Press, Offset Alpine Pty Ltd. or associated companies. mit Entries should be addressed to ETI System -80 Contest, Electronics Today International, 15 Boundary St, Rushcutters Bay NSW 2011. Closing date for the contest Is January 31 1982. Entries received within seven days of that date will be accepted if postmarked prior to and including January 31 1982. The contest will be Judged by the Managing Editor of ETI, whose decision will be final. No correspondence can be entered into regarding his decision. The winner will be advised by telegram the same day the result is declared. The name of the winner, together with the winning answers, will be published in the next possible issue of ETI. Contestants must enter their names and addresses where indicated on each entry form. in! Photostats or clearly written copies will be accepted, but if sending copies you roust cut out to and include with each entry the month page and number from the bottom of the right hand page of the contest. In other words you can send in multiple entres but you will need extra copies of the magazine so that you send an original page number with each entry. This contest Is invalid in states where local laws prohibit entries.. Entrants must sign the declaration accompanying this contest that they have read the above rules and agree to abide by their conditions. YOU'LL FIND THE CROSSWORD ANSWERS ON THESE PAGES! Ma MI ~I ME CM MN ~Ir CM OM IMO ., MI S 1 MI MI 3 CROSSWORD CLUES 5 ACROSS

3. I see, it's got great capabilities. 5. There's something about my Tess that was a good seller last year. ' 7. The fish is alone on the old block. 8. Teren! Come in and turn around. 10. Hello, add this to your computer. 12. This shop keeps information. ' 13. I program my sheep to remember in the end. 14. Measure it. Electronically, not with a rule. 16. This type of pasture can be filed away. I DOWN 1. Us? That's not complete to be put to a purpose. ' 2. I recall everything about my Rome. 4. The Commanding Officer and 1000 put errors together to operate efficiently. ' 6. Cassettes are soft. Warehouses should be loaded. 9. Caesar's capital loses in the end. ' 11. Ted, at a keyboard, has information. 15. Robert Fulton initially creates interference. I TO ENTER, JUST COMPLETE THE CROSSWORD AND WRITE US A SHORT ESSAY I Tell us, in 50 words or less, how you would use a System 80 personal computer. I ' Name I Address I I I I Postcode '

' I have read the Contest Rules and agree to abide by their I conditions. ' Signed ' Date I I il Don't forget to fill out the coupon. Contest closes 31 January 1982. i

ETI December 1981 - 111 i Q«/ L V drives IrgiE RN AT ION AL APPLEll + 48K $1300

51/4 inch disk drive + controller $520 51/4 inch disk drive (add on) $420 8 inch CP/M systems - IN STOCK NOW FOR YOUR APPLE $1890 16K RAM CARD $150; PASCAL 1.1 SYSTEM $350; EPSON MX80 $720 EPSON MX100 $1000; EPSON INTERFACE $110 t. All prices subject to change. Add 171/2% for sales tax. BEST PRICES IN AUSTRALIA FOR APPLE PERIPHERALS

rElomputer P.O. Box 171 A utomation Bondi Junction N.S.W. 2022 ©oftware & Telex: AA 71303 ©ardware. COMPUTERS Phone: (02) 387 3541

C.ID.,ltl. data sYste111% Tel: 375 2144. BASF DISKETTES 51/4" Soft Sect. $4.00 + S.T. 8" Single Density $4.00 + S.T. COMMODORE SILICON VALLEY COMPUTER 4116 - 16K $999 S.T.I. COMPONENTS 4116 RAMS $2.00* 2114 RAMS $2.30* 2708 EPROM $6.00* TMS 2716 16K BIT EPROM $6.00* LNW TRS-80 System 80 Expansion Interface Boards, 32K Memory Boards, 32K Memory - $515

40 Track Single Sided Drives $370* *plus sales tax BASF Double Sided Drives $390* 284 UNION ROAD, MOONEE PONDS, VIC., 3039.

112 - December 1981 ETI TANDON NEW EIGHT-INCH THINLINE DISK DRIVES

;. ,a01111 t /"i' - - . .... - , . , s.n , :!:.:01k. :~11 - ....- J :I_ a j r-% . , , P. a. . : <. . . r , 3' air , r r.. f - 1/>,lf1fi1,t ..

o

a niacin CORPORATION Tandon Corporation's new high performance, eight -inch THINLINE flexible disk drives offer single- and double -sided, double density, 48 TPI. The memory capacity of word processors, small business systems, and intelligent terminals can be doubled by installing two drives in the existing cabinet space currently required by only one drive. Exceptional features are: Exactly one-half the height of any other model. Proprietary, high -resolution, read-write heads patented by Tandon. D.C. only operation - no A.C. required. Industry standard interface. Three millisecond track -to -track access time. ADAPTIVE ELECTRONICS ARE THE SOLE AUSTRALIAN DISTRIBUTORS Immediate Delivery - Boxes and Power Supplies also available. For Further Information contact MARTIN COLLETT on (03) 267 6800 Dealer Enquiries Welcome. ADAPTIVE ELECTRONICS P/L 418 ST.KILDA ROAD, MELBOURNE, VICTORIA, AUSTRALIA, 3004. TELEPHONE: (03) 267-6800 TELEX: AA32565 books on eléttronics

HANDBOOK OF RADIO, TV, INDUSTRIAL & TRANSMITTING TUBE & VALVE EQUIVALENTS Equivalents book for amateurs and servicemen. More than 18 000 old and new valves from UK, USA, Europe, 50 CIRCUITS USING GERMANIUM, SILICON & Japan et al. CV (military) listings with commercial ZENER DIODES equivalents included. Contains 50 interesting and useful circuits and appli- cations in many different branches electronics. BP2 52.25 of BP36 52.50 =

COLOUR CODE & DATA CHART 50 PROJECTS USING RELAYS, SCRs & TRIACS A very useful wall chart Containing resistor and cap- Relays, SCRs and Triacs are used in motor speed acitor colour codes and how to read them, audio con- HOW TO MAKE WALKIE-TALKIES nettcr colour codes, transformer wires colour codes, control, dimming, heating, timers, light sensitive devices, warning circuits, Practical circuitry and construction of transmitters, battery cord colour codes, PLUS - charts and formulae light modulators, priority indicators, receivers and antennas. A book of great interest to the for resistors, capacitors and inductors in parallel and circuit breakers etc. Book gives tried and proven licensed operator especially. This book was written series; resistor power ratings chart, 50/75 circuits allowing easy modification to suit ohm with the UK licensing regulations in mind. Some parts attenuator tables and more special needs. ... may not accord with local regulations. BP7 BP37 54.20 51.50 BP43 55.10

FIRST BOOK OF PRACTICAL FUN AND GAMES WITH YOUR CALCULATOR IIII MOBILE DISCO HANDBOOK ELECTRONIC PROJECTS Amazing collection 101 jokes and riddles, several of Most people who start mobile discos know little about Full constructional data, circuits, components lists for quite mind-boggling games for two more players or and equipment or what to buy. This book assumes no many practical projects including audio distortion a dictionary numbers is of which are words if the calc. preliminary knowledge and gives enough info to meter, super FET receiver, guitar amp, metronome, etc. read upside down. enable you to have a reasonable understandingof disco BP23 IÍ 52.55 BP38 52.50 gear. t+ ' ___ _-_ _ -= -1 _-_ BP 47 54.55

52 PROJECTS USING IC 741 DIGITAL ICs & PIN CONNECTIONS !I A must for those interested in any way in this Equivalents and pin connections of popular user - ELECTRONIC PROJECTS FOR BEGINNERS inexpensive and versatile IC. European best seller! orientated digital ICs. Details of packaging, families, This book gives the newcomer to electronics a wide BP24 $3.20 functions, manufacturer, and countries of origin. range of easily built projects. Actual and Includes Fairchild, Ferranti, Harris, ITT, Motorola, components wiring layouts National, Philips, RCA, Signetics, Sescocem, SGS-Aces, aid the beginner. Some of the projects may Siemens, SSSI, Stewart Warner, AEG-Telefunken, be built without using soldering techniques. BP 48 GIANT CHART- RADIO, ELECTRONICS, Texas, Teledyne. Companion volume to BP41. 54.55 SEMI -CONDUCTOR & LOGIC SYMBOLS BP40 $8.45 Identify those symbols at a glance. A must for beginners and advanced enthusiasts alike. Professionals can always hide it in their desks! A steal at only ... POPULAR ELECTRONIC PROJECTS BP27 52.20 LINEAR IC EQUIVALENTS & A collection of the most popular types of circuits and PIN CONNECTIONS projects covering radio, audio, household and test Similar to BP 40 but deals with linear ICs. equipment. BP 49 BP41 59.25 54.90 ELECTRONIC CALCULATOR USERS' HANDBOOK Invaluable for all calculator users. Presents formulae, data, methods of calculation, conversion factors etc, REACTANCE/FREQUENCY CHART often with examples. Includes way to use simple 50 SIMPLE LED CIRCUITS FOR AUDIO AND RF. for trig functions hyperbolic 50 interesting calculator (sin, cos, tan); and useful circuits and applications using Enables the reactance of any capacitor or resistor to be functions (sinh, cosh, tanh); logs; square roots; and LEDs. A useful book for beginner and advanced read off immediately from 10 Hz to 100 MHz. powers. enthusiast - alike. Resonant frequencies of LC networks ditto. BP33 BP 42 54.20 53.20 196 95e BABANI BOOKS -direct

114 - December 1981 ETI R16" "ERE!

PRACTICAL TRANSISTORISED NOVELTIES SOLID STATE NOVELTY PROJECTS 50 CMOS IC PROJECTS FOR HI-FI A number of novelty projects using modern ICs and Many interesting Circuits for audio power and useful projects - multivibrators, meter, stereo 'phone transistors. Includes - adaptor, 'Optomin' a musical instrument amplifiers and oscillators; trigger multi -channel mixers, gain played by reflecting devices; special control, contour network a light beam with your hand, water devices. etc. etc. warbler for pot plants, music tone generator, LEDs and 201 ladders 224 51.30 game, touch switch, electronic roulette ssheel $4.20 etc. 219 52.90

HI -F11 LOUDSPEAKER ENCLOSURES Data for building corner reflex, bass reflex, exponential PRACTICAL INTRO TO DIGITAL ICs horn, folded horn, tuned port, Kllpschorn labyrinth, l!I¡¡ BUILD YOUR OWN HI-FI Introduction to digital ICs (mainly 1TL 7400). Besides tuned column, loaded port and multi speaker & AUDIO ACCESSORIES simple projects, includes logic test set to identify and panoramics. Clear dimensioned diagrams included. Essential for keen hi-fi and audio enthusiasts. Projects test digital ICs. Also includes digital counter -timer. 205 53.20 include stereo decoder, three -channel mixer, FET 225 54.20 preamp for ceramic pick-ups, mic preamp with adj. bass, stereo dynamic noise limiter, loudspeaker pro- tector, voice -operated relay, etc. no DIODE CHARACTERISTICS, EQUIVALENTS & $2.90 SUBSTITUTES HOW TO BUILD ADVANCED Includes signal, zener, rectifier diodes etc. Full SHORT WAVE RECEIVERS interchangeability data and characteristics of Full practical constructional details of receivers with thousands of diodes of all types 28 TESTED TRANSISTOR PROJECTS with every possible performance equal to commercial units. Also 'add-on' alternative. Includes UK, USA, Some circuits are new, others are familiar European, Russian, and designs. circuits of Q meter, S meter, noise limiter etc. Far Eastern devices. Projects can be split and/or combined for specialised needs. 226 54.05 211 54.20 721 $4.20

ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS FOR BEGINNERS' MODEL RAILWAYS GUIDE TO BUILDING Ih SOLID STATE SHORT WAVE RECEIVERS ELECTRONIC PROJECTS Constructional details of a simple model train FOR BEGINNERS Enables total beginners to tackle a electronic projects. controller, controller with simulated inertia, a high - Design and construction of several solid=state short- Includes component identification, toots, soldering, power controller, an electronic steam whistle and a wave receivers giving high level of performance yet building methods, cases, legends etc. etc. Practical 'chuff generator. Signal systems and train lighting and utilising relatively few inexpensive components. basic projects are included. RF suppression also covered. See also 226. 227 54.20 213 53.40 II 222 $4.20

AUDIO ENTHUSIASTS' HANDBOOK Discusses audio and hi-fi topics including record/ 50 PROJECTS USING CA 3130 ICs. ESSENTIAL THEORY FOR THE playback curves, stylus compliance, disc recordings- The CA3130 is an advanced operational amplifier ELECTRONICS HOBBYIST then and now, evaluating loudness, equipment capable of higher performance than many others: This book supplies hobbyists with background compatibility, acoustic feedback, equipment circuits often need fewer ancillary components. knowledge, tailored for his or her specific require- performance figures and standards etc. etc. Interesting and in useful projects five groups. Audio ments and presented in a readable manner with 214 projects. RF 52.90 projects. Test equipment. Household minimum maths. Purpose -designed examples illustrate projects. Misc. projects. applications. 223 54.20 228 54.20 SHORTWAVE CIRCUITS & GEAR FOR EXPERIMENTERS & RADIO HAMS This practical little book covers a whole variety of useful items of equipment of interest to the hobbyist Interested in shortwave radio, TV, FM, amateur radio, Prices now reduced! etc. All coil and component data is included and parts are generally locally available, so constructors should have little difficulty in building projects from this hook. Antennas are covered also. I 215 ORDER FORM I $2.90 I Please forward Trade enquiries welcomed I ,I Send to ETI Book Sales, 4th Floor, BUILD YOUR OWN ELECTRONIC Book Qty 15 Boundary St, Rushcutters Bay NSW 2011. I EXPERIMENTER'S LAB USING ICs. 8P2 201 Includes I many circuits and designs for constructing test BP7 205 Please allow 4-5 weeks for delivery. I and measuring instruments mostly using modern ICs. BP23 211 Post & Includes AF osc, TTL pulse detector, hi-impedence Vm, I BP24 213 handling: square -wave osc/pulse gen, logic probe, to -range BP27 214 I ohmmeter, bridge, signal tracer etc. BP33 1 - 4 books: 51.35 11 - 20 books: 53.50 I 215 218 52.90 BP36 218 5 - 10 books: 52.70 over 20 books: 55.00 I 8P37 219 BP38 220 BP40 221 I enclose 5 (Inc. p & h.) I 8P41 222 BP42 Name 223 I 8P43 224 I BP47 225 Address BP48 226 I I BP49 227 from ETI 196 228 I I Postcode 1

ETI December 1981 - 115 ompu THE S400 BUS MULTI USER EXPERT NORMANBY CHAMBERS, 430 LITTLE COLLINS STREET, MELBOURNE, 3000

ILO Pty. Ltd. Telephone: (03) 602 3946

systems. We are skilled specialists in customized software and hardware computer for all our customers. We provide a generous guarantee, full maintenance and a satisfying back up service

COMPUTAILOR 282 SYSTEM ALL THESE FEATURES IN THIS SMALL SPACE AT THIS LOW PRICE $4495

THIS LOW PRICE VALID FOR THE MONTH OF DECEMBER ONLY

Greater computer power - fewer separate components - S100 Bus Multi-user capability - simple to operate - modular maintenance. As your requirements grow, the Computailor 282 System can grow.

Features: Processor Z80A, - operating at 4 M Hz. Memory 64K RAM (200nS) bank selectable, 2K Monitor and 2K BIOS in PROM. Interface Two (2) Ports: 1 xRS-232C Serial I/O (Usually used for a Display Unit)

1 xParallel I/O Port (Usually used for a Printer) Options CP/M 2.2 DOS, MP/M II multi-user operating system, Word Processor, BASIC, Fortran, Pascal, Accounting System: G/L, AIR, NP, P/R, I/C etc.

Phone, write or call for a descriptive bulletin and specifications.

Ask for our short form catalogue. Alf prices are tax free; add 171/2%. sales tax it applicable. bonHcord Mail orders are welcome, add postage. Prices and specs. subject to change without notice. welcome here ATTENTION! SOURCE CODE MAIL ORDER SERVICE We can provide a range of computer products at low discount ACCOUNTS SOFTWARE $1200.00 prices, compare our prices to others advertised in this magazine, MAKE A PROFIT SELLING CUSTOMISED VERSIONS for example:- - MICRO PRO PERSONAL SOFTWARE (Apple) designed to run Our N.B.A.S. Version 1.3 accounts program Word Star (CP/M) $399.00 Microchess 2.0 $23.95 Written in under the CP/M operating system is now available. Mail Merge $125.00 Zork $36.95 Payable, Accounts CBASIC includes an intergrated Accounts Super Sort $220.00 Visicalc 3.3 $199.95 Receivable, General Ledger, Stock Control and comprehensive Word Star (Apple) $355.00 Desktop plan 11 $199.95 Complete file instruction manual (not the Osbourne system). SORRENTO VALLEY (Apple) to make custom- lay -outs and variable descriptions are provided Disk Control for 8in. DO DS total capacity 2.2MB $695.00 use or RESALE at isation an easy operation. Ideal for personal Disk Control for 8in. SD SS $400.00 Up to 600 clients per disk, 1000 a profit under your name. CALIF COMP SYSTEM items to mention just a few features. For our complete mail invoices, and 900 stock 2422 Disk Control with CP/M S370.00 Software Services. order catalogue send For further details contact 2718 4 -Port Serial Interface $305.00 $1.00 to cover postage. 7/91 WEST BURLEIGH ROAD, 7710 Apple Async Interface $159.00 NULA BURLEIGH HEADS, OLD. 4220 Mail Order Department J PTY. LTD. PHONE (075) 35 2052 (Sales Tax not included) Contact

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GROUP i Name MELBOURNE AUSTRALIA RPG HEAD OFFICE: 562 SPENCER ST, WEST MELBOURNE. 3003 A:hlre.a Pu.tarle TELEPHONE' (03) 329 7888. TELEX- 32980 RD., EAST MALVERN, 3145 SOUTHERN DEPOT: 1103 DANDENONG Signature TELEPHONE: (03) 211 8122 Keyboard beeper for the Exidy Sorcerer This ultra -simple circuit for your computer beeps to alert you that the machine is ready for your next entry. It uses only one IC and no software is required.

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0 I built my keyboard beeper on Veroboard, which 4 results in a compact assembly, and mounted it ' inside my Sorcerer (see later photos). Graham Wideman SITTING IN FRONT of a computer on looking at the keyboard until a key is it that keycode is taken and used. In monitor for long periods of time can be this picked up. Then do some more process- case we can know if the software eyestrain enough, without having to ing and is again look at the keyboard. And asking for keyboard input by looking at watch the screen attentively to so on. We want the beep to sound when the ascertain when the signals associated with reading the machine is ready for the software looks at the keyboard. But keyboard latch. your next key entry. This is particularly when the software is looking at the key- Our circuit was primarily intended so if there are lengthy calculations, disk board, it is actually sampling or the for the Sorcerer, however, which like cassette accesses to be performed keyboard perhaps hundreds of times per between keyboard many personal computers has a inputs. To relieve second. So we can't have the beeper software this tedium it is a good idea to -scanned keyboard. In this case equip triggered every time the keyboard is there is no latch whose your machine with a beeper which signals we could sampled, or the beeper would be on use to determine if the prompts you when the machine is ready. continuously keyboard is if you didn't hit a key. So being looked at. However, because the Such a circuit is described here, which the beeper be must triggered when the keyboard scanning is done by the soft- although specifically tailored to the software starts to look at the Exidy keyboard. ware, no scanning is being done when Sorcerer is applicable to most An easy way to detect this, it turns out, the other machines too. software is busy doing something is to figure out when the software is not else! Thus if we look at one of the looking at the scan How does it know keyboard, and then beep outputs and can distinguish scan and when the keyboard starts to be looked at no -scan conditions, we'll when to beep? again. be able to make the beeper know when to beep. In Our beeper must somehow know when the Sorcerer's to beep. One What case there are four such possible approach would be kind of keyboard? scan output lines to write the software which which determine reads the Two kinds of keyboard systems are in which column of keys is being keyboard in such a way that some looked at. out- common use, 'hardware -scanned' and (Electrically speaking, Sorcerer has put is activated before a key is read to five 'software -scanned'. The hardware - rows of 16 keys, with some missing.) trigger the beeper. This is however not scanned type is conceptually easier to feasible for use with most personal understand. In this design the keyboard Scan to beep computers, whose keyboard reading circuitry actually looks at all the keys, The scan line that we choose is normally program is in ROM and hence cannot be and when a key is pressed the code for low' when the keyboard is not being readily modified. The approach we take that key is stored in here a latch. When the scanned, and rapidly alternates low and is a completely hardware one. software gets around to needing The typical some high during scanning. The input to our computer program, be it keyboard input (which may occur beeper yours or the built-in circuit distinguishes between monitor or BASIC, hundreds of times per second if you are these two cases, and proceeds as follows. First some triggers the beeper process- just entering text, for example) it looks if the scan line has been low for longer ing, then look at the keyboard. And keep at that latch and if there is something in than a preset length of time. There is 118 - December 1981 ETI something of a trade-off to be made between charging pulses to Cl is so generate a sound it is necessary to apply here, since if this preset time is too short short as not to allow Cl to discharge a signal of the piezo crystal's resonant a beep will sound for ordinary typing very much, and consequently ICla pin 5 frequency to the input, to make it (the scanning stops during the time a is held high, resulting in ICla pin 4 resonate (somewhere around 6.5 kHz). key is held down), and if too long the also being high. If scanning stops, as You don't have to guess this frequency, beeper will not usefully alert the during lengthy processing or disk or however; it is merely necessary to operator. The components shown should cassette access, Cl slowly discharges arrange the piezo element to be in the give a good compromise. via Rl until the voltage on Cl gets to the feedback loop of an inverting amplifier The circuit also contains the timing threshold where IC la thinks input pin 5 circuit, and the whole combination will components, which give a beep length of is low. When this happens output pin 4 resonate away at the appropriate fre- about 0.2 sec. Finally, the beep feature goes low. Cl is now quickly further dis- quency. When IC1 pin 13 is low ICld may be turned on or off by depressing charged via D2 and R2, ensuring a acts as an inverter, and with its output one or other of the Sorcerer's two reset sharp high -to -low transition. When driving the piezo element and the buttons. (Not both!!) scanning recommences, Cl is again element feedback terminal connected to How it works charged and ICla pin 4 again goes high. ICld's inverting input, a beep results. When pin 13 is high, as is normal, A very handy tip to remember when It is this low -to -high transition which is ICI becomes a non and no to design a project with a eventually to trigger the beeper. ICld -inverter, trying it shouldn't. minimum number of ICs is that both Assuming that IClc pin 10 is high sound emits, or at least IC beeper inverters and non -inverters can be and thus D3 has no effect on the signal However, with some and 'made' from exclusive -OR (XOR) gates, at the junction of R3, C2 and D3, the combinations it still oscillates, so C3 and also from inverting XOR gates aforementioned low -to -high transition and R6 are included to dampen this (XNOR). In this case we have used a will be transferred via C2 to the input oscillation and only allow the desired CMOS 4077 quad two -input XNOR IC. pin 2 of IC1b. Since IClb is connected as beep to come forth. If one of the inputs to this gate is tied an inverter this will cause its output ICic acts as a flip-flop. If RST2 is de- high (+5 V) then the output will be the (pin 3) to go low. But pin 2 will be pressed pin 9 is forced low, causing pin same as the remaining input. If one dragged low after about 0.2 seconds or 10 to go low. When RST2 is released, pin input is tied low the output is the so by R5, this in turn returning pin 3 to 9 will still be held low by R4 connected inversion of the other input. the high state. What has happened then to pin 10. If RST1 is depressed, pin 9 will First we'll deal with the scan de- is as follows: resumption of scanning be pulled high. The pulling up via the tection circuitry involving IC la, which after a short non -scanning period Sorcerer's internal Reset line pull-up is wired as a non -inverting buffer. causes a 0.2 s pulse low at IC1 pin 3. resistor (about 3k) vastly outweighs the Under normal scanning conditions the This pulse is to turn on the beeper for its pull -down influence of R4 (100k), while scan input (00B2 in Exidy's notation - duration. R4 has almost no pull -down effect on the bit 2 of output port OFEH) will rapidly The beeper circuit itself involves ICld Sorcerer's Reset line. So, with pin 9 alternate between high and low states. and the piezoelectric element Pl. P1 has pulled high, pin 10 also goes high, and Each time it goes high Cl is charged via three connections, an input, a ground, now when RST1 is released pin 10 stays Dl. During scanning the time interval and a feedback terminal. In order to high. If pin 10 is high no current can

+5V +5V

GND GND 02 R2 10k BLUE - C3 FEEDBACK In R6100k BLACK- GROUND C2 R3 10k 47n 00132 1 RED - INPUT Cl PI 150n INVERTER PIEZO BEEPER HIGH = NO BEEP LOW = BEEP +5V NON -INVERTING BUFFER +5V ICI = 4077 CMOS PI = TANDY-RADIO SHACK PIEZOELECTRIC BEEPER 273064 3k 'LOW' MEANS BEEP INHIBIT INDICATES PIN NUMBER RSTI R4 100k F KEYBOARD DIP CONNECTOR

BEEP ON

BEEP OFF

RST2 +5V THIS CONNECTION MUST BE NON -INVERTING BUFFER MADE ON KEYBOARD

ETI December 1981 - 119 COMP(rrFR SYSTEMS S100 283 CLARENCE ST J1AusT.t YDNEY 2000 SPECIALISNSWT TES 29 2402,922 1709 SBC 800 ASSOCIATED WITH OT USA SYSTEM+II(2MB+) MINISYSTEM+('/2MB+) Computer System with 8" Dual Sided Drives Computer System with 51/4" Single Sided (uses Y -E DATA YD174 Disk Drives) Terminal Drives (uses TEAC FD -50A Disk Drives) not included. Terminal not included. SBC-800 SINGLE BOARD A&T (6 slot) $3883.00 A&T (6 slot) $3048.00 A&T (8 slot) $4083.00 A&T (8 slot) COMPUTER $3073.00 QT Systems are designed for both businessmen and engineers in accordance with the latest IEEE standards. Among other functions, they can be used for accounting and word processing as well as a variety of scientific applications. The systems are available with MP/M or OASIS operating systems to allow multi- FEATURES: user, multitasking operations. QT also offers a full line of business and applications software, ranging from a business package to word processing. * S100 Bus compatable. Technical specifications: 4 MHz Z-80 CPU Dbl-sided, dbl den. 5'/." or 8" floppy * Z80 CPU running at 4MHz disk controller (handles both drives simultaneously) CP/M 2.2 included 64K RAM, expandable per your requirements Comes complete in single * CMOS battery backed ram mainframe RS232C serial port Parallel port Hard disk compatible Monitor from 2K to 6K program & disk routines included on EPROM Power.on/reset lump to monitor program * 2716/2732 EPOM from 2K to Documentation included. Extensive software available 12K SOFTWARE + Word processing System and 2 -RS232 I/O utilities diagnostics Games CP/M users group diskettes * Serial ports +20 $10.00 each. catalogue $6.00 Pascal, Forth, Tarbell Basic, Fortran, and most other Ma current loop. compilers and utilities are available Complete range of business software Custom programming can be arranged on a Axed 3-8 Bit programmable I/O price or hourly basis. * PERIPHERALS + ports. We nave tantasiic specials on printers, terminals NEWI 64K MEMORY BOARD and disc Also 64K Static RAM uses 2016 new rams, or 1 -Centronics parallel printer drives. card cages and static 2716 * mainframes. Call or write for details and pricing. EPROMS Provides extended address decoding port. Hazeltine terminal $995 and fast 4 MHz operation Extremely low power. M8500 64K - A&T A Real time & Graphics printer $795 S639.99 clock calendar - YD -174 DS/DD Drives battery backed. $625 SBC +1/4 DYNAMIC MEMORY BANK * 4 Channel 16 Bit counter timer SINGLE BOARD COMPUTER - 64K OR 256K (Z80 CTC). 1K RAM (which can be located at any 1K plus Up to 6MHz operation Vectored interrupt chain via boundary) one each serial and Supports 8 bit and 16 bit r * parallel I/0 ports Power on jump to on processors, port addressing or 24 bit address lines CTC & Dart chip. board EPROM (2708 or 2716) addressable Transparent refresh works with DMA. 64K A T * All on board memory can be on any 11( or 2K boundary Full 64K use of & $667.00 RAM in shadow mode Programmable OT REV 1 B/B $81.00 disabled for 64K ram use. REV 1 64K A & T $425.00 Baud rate selection 110-9600. 2 or 4 MHz * 2K Monitor EPROM supplied. switch selectable DMA capability allows SILENCE+ Software programmable baud MWRT signal generation on CPU board or MOTHER BOARD * elsewhere in rate generator. system under DMA or front These mother boards are among the panel control Two programmable timers quietest on the market A unique ground * Power fail detect. available for use by programs. ding matrix with each line completely Bare board - Power on jump to Monitor. $66.00 surrounded by ground shielding - elimin- * A&T $269.00 ates need for termination and give high * Plated thru holes. Monitor Eprom (2716) S30.00 crosstalk rejection They are customer Kit S/9900.;proven, without crosstalk sometimes >I: resist & Solder green printed operating at 14 MHz. parts overlay. RAM+16 16KX8 bit static RAM 2 or 4 MHz 6 SLOT 8 SLOT Uses Bare Designed and made in 2114 static RAM chip 4K step Board $31.00 Bare Board 33.00 * A&T A&T Australia. addressable 1K increment memory $61.00 $84.00 protection Deactivates up to six 1K segments 12 SLOT 18 SLOT to create "holes" for other Bare Board $39.00 Bare Board $61.00 devices DIP switch selectable wait states A&T $108.00 A&T $168.00 PHANTOM line DIP switch Eight bank PRICE AT $495.00 select lines. 'S 100 Sockets- Bare Board $41.00 1Gold Plated $6.20 Nickel/Tin $5.00 4MHz A&T $199.00' DISK CON TROLLER Hours -9 a.m.-5 p.m. CLOCK /CALENDAR. CCS2422A features ROM bootstrap loader S-100 OR TRS-80 and monitor CP/M 2.2 with documen Date/Month/Year Day of week 24 tation included Accepts 5',6" and 8" disk hours time or 12 hours (a.m./p.m) drives Double sided/single sided select selectable Leap year 4 interval Read/write IBM 3740 or system 34 single interrupt timers On board battery or double density Fast seek available for backup Simple time and date setting . voice coil operation Automatic disk Simple software interface Time advance !density determination ROM bootstrap protection while setting. phantom. S-100 'CCS2422A A & T Incl. CP/M 2.2 $399.951 Bare Board ...$66.00 TRS-80 JADE DD Bare Board $85.00' 22 Queen Street, Mitcham, A&T only $167.00 Melbourne, Australia, 3132 A&T $162.00 SEND S.A.E. FOR FREE COPY OF LATEST CATALOGUE. Phone: (03) 874 3666 PRICES DO NOT INCLUDE SALES TAX OR DELIVERY, AND ARE SUBJECT TO Telex: SMELEC AA37213 J CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE. 120 - December 1981 ETI UBIO d.-10,41%."".11.11.~.~. 11~111WEIVII. iFL1

in your own home -, How it works

DIC.,SMITH S ELECTRONIC SHOPPING SrSTE11 IqIN new _-- --- 1 Dick Smith's new Electronic Shopping System is a revolutionary development which really brings into I. PREPAPE .FI ORC'EP. buying the 21st Century. 2. SENO NN OPIEP. Shop from your home, day or night, anywhere in the world, from the 3. RECEI'1E NOTICE BOARD . of 4. CHANGE 'OUR CUSTOMISING (...Ti.. convenience your own computer. All you do is this: 5. RECALL LAST 005EP. 1. Insert your program disk into the disk drive. LAKE 2. YOUR SELFOTIa1:- _ Key in your order on your own computer. 3. Dial the special Dick Smith computer phone number. 4. Attach your phone to the acoustic coupler (modem).

tIC SMITH S ELECTPp11! SHOPPING SYSTEM PPEP.,PE .41 ORDER ---,PAGE 1 --- 1 Your order is then transferred directly onto the Dick Smith C,.T.1'O, Cat. X-3764 t'ESCPIRTION OTT SUB -TOTAL computer. It's as simple as that! The program not 903+ MULTI -TAP TRANSFORMER 49" 2 36.56 only allows you to place an order with Dick F 6ee.- BATTER, SNAP CONNECTORS 10 3.76 406S -Be Smith Electronics in less than 90 seconds, but also enables you SYSTEM CCNPUTEP 161 1 751.00 to leave a message with your order. The computer isn't just for buying either! You can use it to call up our computer, at any time to see the information in the "data bank" - news of TOTAL . 1 +00.32 interest to hobbyists etc, information from magazines plus IiENLINE FOP NlE%T FIELD. IOF PPE"IOUS FIELD r. FOP CNe1GE. _F. x specials etc. '- Your order is given preferential despatch treatment and will be on it's way within a few hours of it being

DICK SMITH'S ELECTRONIC SHOE, :N G SYSTEM received. Think of the time you'll save! ..7. - CHANGE YOUR CUSTCMI'LNG DATA When you buy the Electronic Shopping System I DENIT I F I CAT I N.010(0 ON 1 1275016 Program, you , , are NAME MR JON* G. M4CGONIGLE allocated your own identification :: STREET 1 27 VICTORIA CRESCEFIT. . number for security and you are automatically . M SUBURB : BARNSBUR GROVE billed CITY/STATE : SYDNEY NSW via a nominated credit card account. What . R. PHONE could be NLNBER 1 1021 361;92 BA more convenient? . . N NKCARD.'VISA/DINERS . B ' CARD/ACCOUNT N0. : V 66-041-36-327 POST CODE 1 2911 ,.c áí:I N Charge to your O (C) FIREc FOR NE %T FIORDS I-> FOR PPt!IOUS FIELD SS CC) FOR 011,11114S C .NGE' IX) FOR %I7 Bankcard LIP' ot1115B :I. it's that easy! ' Of Ti _= _ - -- --' EXCLUSIVE TO DICKE SMITH S:: . . What you üeed ELETONICNEWCASTLE A System 80 (X-4005 or 4100) MELBOURNE ADELAIDE PERTH BRISBANE Computer this post Po : An expansion unit and 32K Memory (X-4010 coupon today! Box 321, North Rode 2113. Phone (021 888 3200 : dt X-4016) A Disk YES! I'm ready for 21st le Drive and cable (X-4050 (Sr X-3232) Century computer shopping. I want to be among the first in the world to use the ¡e,. It : A full Duplex Acoustic Modem operating at Dick Smith Computer Shopping System. . 300 baud (X-3270) [understand that for the one-time lee of $500, 1wí11 receive a program diskette enabling me to use the system, plus a.unique security number A Video to prevent unauthorised use by others and the special telephone ¡ ` Monitor (X-1196) number. (Full details of the system are supplied with the . diskette). . A label Mains Filter is recommended . 9850). My name: (Or an equivalent Tandy TRS-80 computer system.) ; :; A special program Address (A street address is if g necessary despatch methods other than Australia Post are requited- e. g. Road or Air Freight) for your computer: t To use this unique system, you'll need a special My Bankcard No Expiry Date /..../.... program diskette for your computer. This has been (Goods ordered on this system will be charged to this `specially developed for Dick Smith and, in order to m bankcard) allow the maximum number of people the benefits of et f. this system, .., it is being released at less -than -cost price Q' Signature: Along with this diskette, a special o My 't ..-. security account $5.00 fee is enclosed in the form of: number is issued so you can use the system without fear w . .of unauthorised usage. It's ours Order Bankcard e . and yours Cheque Postal S*eiii alone. O account above. sr. ^ .. r r 5 ; 152-T1-'.i"h`g9`7E eiú 1 " ' "- 1 1l 14 l R i'9" ' i 1 .' F As ii-1itI flow through D3 and there is no effect on There are two time constants which the beep -triggering signal at R3 -C2. you can adjust to suit your preference. If However, if pin 10 is low, R3 -C2 will be your beeper is too prone to emit held low, and as a result no beeps can be annoying beeps during ordinary typing, triggered. RST2 is then the beep - increase the value of Cl. If it has the inhibiting button, and RST1 the beep - opposite fault, and instead doesn't beep allowing key. unless there has been a very long no - scan interlude, decrease Cl. If that part of the circuit is OK but you'd like a longer beep, increase C2, vice versa to shorten.

Construction The prototype for this simple circuit 1 , was built on a piece of Veroboard. The Sorcerer keyboard is connected to the main computer pc board via a ribbon cable with a 14 -pin DIP connector on the

computer end. We soldered a 14 -pin DIP . -;--j `header' (bare plug) on the bottom of the /h. ` ''- Veroboard, and a 14 -pin IC socket on i The keyboard plugs into the the top. Connection to the common of the reset switches. beeper, which then plugs into the socket on the main computer pc board. It is also possible of course to simply screw your nection must be made elsewhere, which y beeper board onto the keyboard pc is to the common connection between rl board. All the necessary connections the two reset switches. If the plug-in can be made to the ribbon cable con- design is used then it will be necessary 3 nector at the keyboard end, or the to connect this point to the unused wire computer end, which is what makes the in the ribbon cable, which is available at plug-in idea neat. However, one con- pin 4 of the DIP connectors at each end. Mounted inside the Sorcerer.

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122 - December 1981 ETI The Personal Computer Your information window- Apple as super -brain An extension of your brain functions of An Apple Personal Computer puts you at the Aside from the more pedestrian forefront of the technological revolution. retrieving and processing information, it will mediate the Apple performs other sophisticated Use it well and functions such as econometric modelling, availabilities of a wealth of conceptual tools, topological dáta bases, communication channels and financial forecasting, graphics, information processes. An Apple will help modelling and trend analysis. you simplify a myriad of tasks from Apple is convenient ordinary data processing through Apple is portable. It can be used at home or information retrieval to economic in the office. You can address it in ordinary forecasting. English or gain full computer literacy iri Apple is versatile BASIC PASCAL, COBOL, FORTRAN or PILOT. Your Apple is an extremely powerful and Full step-by-step training comes with your robust problem solver backed by a Apple. If you can use a calculator and speak comprehensive set of soi'tware programmes. English, Apple shows you the rest. Already, over 300,000 Apples are used for Apple as communicator business, domestic, educational research Apple combines many of the functions of and recreational purposes. telephones, telexes, citizens' band radios Apple as information processor and library access terminals. An Apple personal computer performs a full It allows you the very latest access to data range of standard bases and information services and mail functions like electronically locally or world wide. statistics, Apple as challenger word-processing, Apple is fun. From a perfect game of Chess to graphics, number Star Wars-not only for the children- crunching, filing, preparing them for the future storage/retrieval and in this high- technology age. cross-referencing.

a

Apple is cost-efficient For roughly the price of a plain paper copier,you get a sophisticated, powerful machine,which not only processes numbers and words, but gives you direct access to a wealth of inform- ation through a rich network of data bases and direct communi- cations with other computers.

N

r Mail this coupon for an "Apple Pack" brochure or Mail to: PPCB374B talk to your local Apple authorised dealer ELECTRONIC CONCEPTS PTY LTD, about the specific applications for you. 55 CLARENCE STREET,SYDNEY, NSW 2000 If the coupon has been removed, Please send me a free "Apple Pack" brochure. send your name and address to: ELECTRONIC CONCEPTS PTY LTD, NAME 55 CLARENCE STREET. ADDRESS SYDNEY, NSW 2000 POSTCODE computer PROFESSION apple L = APR- 1PPLÉ_ APPLE= PERSOÑAL COMPUTER PERSONAL COMPUTER APPLE CMOS TOP QUALITY 4000 Series High Speed Silicone Gate A_ D BEST Lk SERVICE! LINEAR Two Good UA555V `le 0-0.,eecÓ Reasons to %or °o e GJ°,019- a,pAarooa Gé Buy from I) -'ee,"(\00-e°',1\ar, Q TTL F'7400 Series o6A Us! clA`oeey`ao\y.Gp.ao<

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A Schlumberger Company

Distributors of Fairchild

Also Distributors for ELECTROLUBE EU.ISTROflICS CAMBION - WELLER - S.G.S: ATES FERGUSON 289 LATROBEST., HITACHI - TRIO - FLUKE _ O.K. WIRE WRAP SYSTEMS MELBOURNE, 3000 ADCOLA (03) 602 3282. 602 3836. Telex ÁA37758 - ELLISTRONIC BREADBOARD AND LOGIC LSTRON PROBES ETC. ESCORT ", Rings of LCD-DMM's 27 MHz Five models to choose from SaturnTM EDM-101 ($52 + S.T.) J.17N' r3 RADIO DCV:200mV-1000V ACV:200mV-750V DCA:200uA-2A , CONTROLS OHM:200-20M Acc.:0.8%rdg + ldgt Overload Protection: If you are looking for REMOTE Fuse, zener diode & CONTROLS for garage door con- posistor EDM-201 ($68 + S.T.) trols, security systems, alarms As above, plus 10A AC/DC, HI/L0 ohm, Acc.: etc., 0.5%rdg+ ldgt Be the captain of your Apple computer on assignment EDM-301 ($72 + S.T.). Same as 201 + Buzzer to save your stranded crew near Saturns rings. In this & 302. (Acc.:0.25%rdg 1 EDM-202 + dgt). arcade adventure you face assault by enemy ships, TALK TO US FIRST! Available soon. giant ice chunks and other dangers. There Is only a "GOOD WILL" Test & Measuring Instruments - short time to save the group before their space We are Australia's leading "S.E.W.-STANDARD" á "AKIGAWA" - station explodes. You have a limited fuel supply, MULTIMETERS, CLAMP TESTERS, which is consumed at an increasing rate, as you fight maker. Our range covers most of PORTABLE METERS & PANEL METERS! your way through the hazards. If you sustain too much your requirements. damage, your Apple will perish. Rings of Saturn has EMONA-TEST & MEASURING INSTRUMENTS four skill levels, 3-D animation, Hi -Res colour FREE CATALOGUE''''' - graphics and sound effects. The duration of play is JSole Australian Agent: based on real time and players use paddles or a joystick control. Suggested retail price is $39.95. EMONA ENTERPRISES Also Dragon Fire, PTY. LTD. Keyes of karkhan plus others CBC Bank Bldg, 661 George Street, Dealer enquiries also welcome. Haymarket, Sydney. (02) 212-4815.

Also from: PTY. LTD. N.S.W.: 'Radio Despatch Service. 211-0191. C-. mputer 73 Kootingal Street, Emtronics 211-0531. David Reid Electronics A.Jtomation 569.9797. Martin de Launay (Wollongong) 286020 I3 COMPUTERS Greystanes, NSW. 2145. (Newcastle) 24.741. VIC: Radio Parts 329.7888. S.A: c.J.ftware & Phone (02) 636-3162 Int. Communication Systems Pty Ltd 47-3688. W.A.º Phone Letco Trading Co. 387-4966. ACT: Electronic Com- Hardware.. (02) 387 3541 ponents Pty Lld 80-4654. TAS: D8I Agencies 23-2842

$SSS$S$$$$$$S$SS$$$SSSSSSSS$ uf ,

1iJLL1.171.1J rtoivt . DDIilpLui:.Ll:-tLuoLuucu` .... Miss BOFFI N At last from ARC Soft Publishers easy -to-follow programs for your MAIL Tandy or Sharp Pocket Computer kiiTut Murder In the Mansion Murder And Other Computer ORDER Adventures in Pocket. In The BASIC lo the TRS-80 Mansion 10 brand-new exciting E Less Tae Inc Tax P&P ITOH 8300 1.1 Met C..,.ur 16,.i.,e, tested ready-to -run game Dot Matrix $666 5765 $25 I. P..1,i-e1)I( Fee T1, T1111 programs for your pocket pages computer - 64 $9.95 APPLE COMPUTERS ITOH 1500 N Daisy wheel 51554 $1826 $30 IA

(DUNE '(A VIC 20 8" Double Sided dA (A 5ProgramaIn BASIC Disc Drives $582 $694 $25 ForThe Home, EPSON MX -80 KAGA MONITORS (A School & Office 18 MHz Green Pnos $223. $26226 $25 (A PRINTERS ITOH A. 8500 Dot Matti, Printer P.0 N(A 50 Programs in BAS C Our prices for 5v." Disc Drives are too for the Home, School COMMODORE and Office see --VW (ttllax. 000d to advertise. v Tested ready-to -run ACCOUNTING u) programs for the businessman, student, PROGRAMS u) teacher and for the home Please write or phone for details. 96 pages 89.95 APPLE PROGRAMS BOFFIN MICRO -COMPUTER Also available FROM .. 50 MORE programs in 101 Pocket Computer DESIGN AND SYSTEMS BASIC for the Home, Programming Tips COMPUTERWARE P.O. Box 68 Thornbury, Vic., 3071 (A School and Office $9.95 8 Tricks 89.95 305 La Trobe Street, Phone (03) 480 5407 Pocket Computer Pocket -BASIC Coding Please allow IA Programming Forms and Universal - Melbourne, 3000 CW 2f days for delivery. di Made Easy 69.95 BASIC Coding Forms Telephone: (03) 602 1006 LE 50 -sheet pads 53.50ea. $$$$S $$SS $$$$$$ $$$$$$ $$$$$ Send cheque or money order plus 81.00 postage to Sole Australian distributors: Powerchip Software. PO Box 32 Sth Caulfield Vic 3162. Phone 529 2884 ETI December 1981 - 125 The instant upgrade. The new Bose® 901® IV Direct/Reflecting® speakers help your stereo sound better.

can improve the quality of your sound by im- If you are thinking proving your of upgrading your isah speakers. music system, Bose The new has the fastest Bose 901® way to do it. IV speakers The new are the answer. You can drive Bose 901® these speakers with as little Series IV as 10 watts per channel. And speaker. they are durable enough to Since the speaker has more to handle any non-commercial do with the amp. So you can match them . íA, I sound you to your system, no matter hear than any what the system. other part of The Bose 901® Series IV your music speaker. The best regardless system, you of size or price.

BOSE AUSTRALIA INC., 11 MURIEL AVENUE, 111689-9/78-11 RYDALMERE, NSW 2116. TELEPHONE (02) 684-1022, 684-1255. 071 Blank tape le inquiry urged

Following the Attorney -General's announcement that audio since the imposition of a levy would for private and domestic purposes, visual provisions of the Copyright Act will be reviewed, the involve 'rough justice', with many or for the purposes of education and tape users who do not record copy- Australian Audio -Video Tape Association (AAVTA) is urging research. The AAVTA believes that right material having to pay. now is the time for the Common- a on this public enquiry whole subject The AAVTA claims it does not wealth Government to legalise endorse piracy of copyright material single copy domestic use that does The AAVTA represents the copyright material. which involves systematic illegal not result in any financial gain for magnetic tape industry, with The AAVTA believes that copy- duplication for financial gain, saying the consumer, and believes that member companies including right owners have benefited the main use of home video copyright owners will not suffer if 3M, TDK, Ampex, Greencorp, enormously from new technology, recorders and tape decks is to 'time this is done. BASF, Fuji, Maxell and Agfa. in that it has given them a far wider shift' and be able to watch and listen The AAVTA points out that there The Association believes that audience and medium for propaga- to programmes at a more con- are many other complex issues consumers are likely to be forced to tion of their work. An AAVTA venient time than when they are which must be considered in pay the penalty of heavy levies on all spokesman says that any proposals broadcast. relation to the proposed amend- audio and video cassettes if Govern- which seek to discourage private The Association believes that ments to the audió-visual copyright. ment approval is given to proposals recording by the imposition of a single copying of this nature for As all of these issues affect the suggested by representatives of the penalty or levy would have an private and domestic use is no more consumer, the Association claims Australian Copyright Council in a opposite and limiting effect upon an abuse of the rights of copyright they must be debated publicly, lengthy report recently presented to the popularisation of works. owners than is the current trend rather than be considered on the the Attorney -General's Department Similar attempts to impose levies. towards the legitimate use of home basis of a minimal number of and at a Symposium on October 1 on blank tapes have been made in video films rather than Super -8 written submissions by bodies such and 2 at the Opera House on 'Copy- other countries, and no country with home movies, or the sending of as the Copyright Council, whose right and Technology'. British law has introduced legisla- privately recorded audio cassettes stance on the subject the AAVTA The AAVTA points out that no tion which provides for a levy on rather than letters. It believes that claim amounts to the type of 'rough consumers or consumer groups are goods where it might be possible to neither of these quite reasonable justice' rejected by the UK Govern- represented on the Council to breach copyright practices should be penalised by the ment only a few months ago. provide the Government with a In the UK Government's long- imposition of a blanket tax or levy on The Association believes that a balanced input for the proposed awaited Green Paper on copyright all cassettes. public hearing should be arranged, copyright review. reform, the Government says it has Copyright Acts in all countries preferably along the lines of an IAC To date much of the argument of received no convincing evidence which are contracting parties to enquiry. For further information copyright owners and the record that a levy on audio or video international copyright conventions, contact Mr. Peter A.G. Rose, Vice- industry hinges on claims that they hardware or on blank tapes should like Australia, permit overseas Chairman and Spokesman, Austra- have suffered substantial losses be introduced. It goes on to say the governments reasonable freedom lian Audio -Video Tape Association. directly attributable to the ability Government would hesitate to to set their own laws regarding what c/o 3M Australia, 950 Pacific Hwy,, consumers have to easily re-record impose this on the public, especially constitutes valid non -infringing use Pymble NSW 2073. (02)498-0033.

ITT moves towards digital television ITT Semiconductor headquarters in Germany have made an monitored and adjustments made some 300 passive components. 60 important move towards digital television by producing an automatically by incorporating the transistors and about 12 ICs). experimental colour receiver which operates from digital signals. adjustment program on a PROM or ITT hope that the digital television The company intends to supply this type of receiver to its main EPROM within the receiver. This is receiver will provide the European customers by the end of 1981. far easier than using the adjusting market with highly cost-effective potentiometer required on ana- production of receivers, which will ITT has been looking into the idea It is anticipated that the new logue receivers and does not make the industry far more com- of digital television since 1977, but design will have an enormous require the same investment for petitive in the world markets. design work for the VLSI devices impact on television production. mechanical tooling for automation. Several Japanese manufacturers required began only about a year The number of separate com- The prototype receiver is baséd have already expressed an interest ago. Digital signal processing is ponents that are required is on VLSI chips. Although ITT have in the ITT concept, because they employed in the video processor, in dramatically reduced and computer not stated the number of such chips appreciate its importance and the deflection unit and in all audio adjustment of the receivers during used in their receiver, it is far less possible influence on world circuits following the discriminator. the production process is greatly than the number of components in markets.

In addition, all control functions are simplified. the conventional analogue receivers - digital. Digital test signals can be currently in production (typically Brian Dance

ETI December 1981 - 127 Telecommunications Division Forging new COURSES IN frontiers in speaker ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS performance at RMIT TECHNICAL COLLEGE The Telecommunications Division conducts Full-time and Part-time (Day & Evening) courses at Electronics Mechanic and Electronics Technician level In the Rithavdc,41lati following areas: Communications - CB Radio and Broadcasting Digital Electronics - Microprocessors, Computers, Computer Field ServLe r Industrial Electronics - Electronic Contról Systems 0->41\ Television TV - Colour Servicing, TV Studios quality ; Other Courses offered by this Division include 35 mm and 16 mm Motion Picture Projection, Post -trade and Post - -000lEnglish speakers technician subjects, Advanced Audio, Video Tape Recorders, TV Antenna , Remote Controlled TV, etc. Applications close on 15 January. Further Information is available from the Telecommunications Division, Telephone 341 2358. f RMIT Jr THE DOOR TO RMIT Technical College, SO Victoria Street, he'Ricd Allen Power GREATER Carlton, 3053. RapgeYs now ayáilabl ' % Telephone 347 7611. Australi OPPORTUNITY SINCE 1887 POWER HANDLING MODEL RMS WATTS SENSITIVITY PEAK Atlas 10 125 110 Atlas 12 125 110 Electronics Atlas 15 250 110 Atlas 18 250 108 assembly or Professional advice on all facets of speaker design and construction available. repair ? Come and inspect our unique experimental speaker design .. HERE'S THE facility. ROYSTON ELECTRONICS EQUIPMENT The CATALOGUE! It's the ideal ACOUSTIC companion for every person FOUNDRY H. Fi involved with electronics assembly 56 King William Road, Goodwood 5034 or repair. (08) 2710276. It's packed with tools and equip- u W--- M W WIZ ment for soldering, bonding and Please forward me further details -I welding. Pliers, cutters, tweezers. To arrange a copy, Materials and.equipment for on Richard Allan speakers. phone or write making printed circuits. IC hand- (trade enquiries also welcome). on your' letterhead. ling devices, including anti -static (Please include a note specifying area of interest) gear. Circuit board holders, work NAME y, positioners and much, much morel ADDRESS the ROYSTON i ELECTRONICS cs, N.S.W: 15f 59 Moxon Rd., Punchbowl, in electronic 21%. Phone: (021 709 5293 i VIC: 27 Normanby Rd., Notting Hill, POSTCODE circuit fabrication 3168. Phone 103) 543 5122 ` RIM liiiiiiiilti EMI liw J 128 - December 1981 ETI - WRAP UNWRAP REGULAR STRIP WRAP

, INSERTION-TOOLwilg PIN STRAIGHTENER DIP/IC MODIFIED WRAP

\ _ Wire -wrapping, stripping, unwrapping tool for AWG 30 on.025 (0,63mm) Square Post. HOBBY WRAP Regular Wrap WSU-30 TOOL Modified Wrap WSU-30M - -e

UP INSERT STRAIGHTEN. PINS RELEASE PICK- WIRE -WRAPPING TOOL IC INS -1416 14-16 Pin Dip Inserter 1 110114111119. NEW Model BW 630 - For .025" (0,63mm) sq. post 36-40 Pin CMOS-SAFE "MODIFIED"wrap, positive indexing, anti-overwrapping 4 IC IIISERTI011 TOOL device. lug for at- Aligns bent out pins. Includes terminal For AWG 30 BW-630 tachment of ground strap. Battery . ¡ For AWG 26-28 BW 2628 . wire wrapping GROUND STRAP NOT INCLUDED BT -30 36SÉTÑO SAFE tool - . Bít for AWG 30 MOS-40, TOOL INSERTION COMPLEIL ¡. Bit for AWG 26-28 BT -2628 WITH BIT AND SLEEVE USE "C" SI2E NICAD BATTERIES WIRE CUT AND STRIP TOOL (NOT INCLUDED)

slot w th Easy to operate ... place wues (up to 4) in stripping pull e,tend.ng beyond cutter blades... press tool and ends length. ROLLS OF WIRE .tae is cut end stripped tG prop, "wvewrapp,ng of The hardened steel cutting blades and sturdy construction Wire for wire -wrapping AWG-30 the tool insure long bte. .(0.25mm) KYNAR' wire, 50 ft. roll, for your applications. Sl ip length easily ad,ustable silver plated, solid conductor, easy stripping. ADJUSTABLE R, LENGTH v " Q e W'e St tt R 30B 0050' MODEL "SHINER" OF STRIPPED WIRE R 300 0050 DESCRIPTION NUMBER INCHES TO INCHES r R I C-50 .. - _ , 30W _ 11f." R 0050 24 ga. Wire Cut and Strip Tool ST -100.24 111.' t I' u 17 ,y, SOIt Ro 30R - Us." 26 ga. Wire Cut and Strip Tool 51-100-26 1N.- th' - 14.- 26 ga. Wire Cut and Strp Tool ST -100-26.875 -- 14e" 28 ga. Wire Cut and Strip Tool ST -t00-28 Ve' -100-30 5' - 1t.' Tool ST 30 qa. Wire Cut and Strip WIRE DISPENSER nor am Kaffir (Ow u stet 0e- ttftoh p.suildioh a10A UST Of CUT ano Stale toots an tot With 50 ft. Roll of AWG 30 KYNAR' wire -wrapping wire. JUST WRAP'"WIRE WRAPPIIIG Cuts the wire to length. TOOL Strips 1" of insulation. WHY CUT? WHY STRIP? WHY SLIT? WHY NOT JUST WRAP? Refillable (For refills, see above) WD -30-B JW -1-B BLUE WIRE Blue Wire Wire WD -30-Y JW-1-W WHITE WIRE Yell.... White Wire WD -30-W JW-1-Y YELLOW WIRE Red Wire WD -30 R JW-1-R RED WIRE

WRAP REPLRCEIAERT ROLLS JUST DIP IC EXTRACTOR TOOL WIRE 50 ft. Roll R-JW-B BLUE 8 to all LSI, MSI and 551 devices of from R-JW-W WHITE WIRE 50 ft. Roll Extracts 24 Pins. R-JW-Y YELLOW WIRE 50 ft. Roll 50 ft. Roll R-JW-R RED WIRE EX -1 I EXTRACTOR TOOL

TOOL FOR JUST WRAP UIIWRAP TOOL I 24-40 CBIOS -SAFE EXTRACTOR l JUW-1 UNWRAPPING TOOL

IC's, .600" centers. C-MOS safe. JUST WRAP NIT Removes 24-40 pin strap. Includes terminal lug for attachment Of ground l JWK-6 [ JUST WRAP KIT GROUND STRAP NOT INCLUDED TOOL, AMPEC ELECTRONICS PTY LTD EX -2 I CMOS SAFE EXTRACTOR 2039 PHONE: 818 1166 1 WELLINGTON ST., ROZELLE 519 5855. Jaycar, 264 6688. from: NSW: Applied Technology, 487 2711. George Brown & Co., Available NSW Country Areas: Newcastle: Elektron 2000, Radio Despatch, 211 0191. Sheridan Electronics, 699 5922. 7246. VIC: Ellistronics, 602 3282. Rltronics, 489 8131. 26 2918. Gosford: Tommorows Electronics & HiFi, 24 36 5061. S.A.: Computer Imports, 268 8065. Electronic OLD: L. E. Boughen, 36 1277. N.S. Electronics, 328 1599. Reserve Electronics, 275 2377. Taimac, Components & Equipment, 212 5999. W.A.: Altronics, 328 1988. E ADDITIONS FROM . A TZ. SLIMLINE COMPONENTS.

Rare: very valuable. Addi'tions: the things added. Ma'rañtz: a range of ultra -high performance Slimline Components which blend state-of-the-art engineering with operational versatility. MARANTZ ST450 AM/FM STEREO TUNER o..... s/ i .. _ , ,_ ,_. 1íY/.w Electronic Gyro -Touch tuning and digital display enable precise and speedy station selection which can be servo -locked for drift -free operation. MARANTZ E020 STEREOS GRAPHIC EQUALIZER Beautifully styled, the EQ20 provides highly personalised tone control flexibility with its ten detented slide controls per channel- the perfect finishing touch to any high quality audio I1 system. MARANTZ SC500 STEREO PREAMPLIFIER /X/ Traditional Marantz performance oM s1"1 in the all important first stage of amplification. Moving coil cartridge head -amp and different cartridge load inputs are just two of the comprehensive number of facilities. ar r MARANTZ SM500 _s [ DC POWER AMPLIFIER a^ , ,. A Perfectly complements the SC500 and delivers 50 watts RMS per channel. Output is displayed on two large, peak responding power level meters. I MARANTZ PM350 INTEGRATED AMPLIFIER Bass, mid and treble controls and '= ,,....o fl LED power level meters, combined with an output of 30 watts RMS per channel, maké this the ideal amplifier for normal ..r listening levels. MARANTZ SR1100 Q AM/FM STEREO RECEIVER i Slim, .' r stylish and component width, the 30 watt RMS per channel SR1100 y. ._ - ' rf provides a new concept in compact audio sophistication. MARANTZ S05010 r' STEREO CASSETTE DECK ^. ,... Forerunner to a new generation of superior cassette decks, the SD5010 has soft-touch controls, LED meters, metal tape facility, fine bias control rt- and an electronically controlled linear skating mechanism operating the cassette drawer. Shown are but a few of the new . Marantz Slimline - Components. If you see your hi-fi as an investment and, if you demand critical performance standards as well as the best value for money, listen to the future. Listen to Marantz.

1 mar~n.2Z© J Now you're listening.

Dislnbuled by MARANTZ (AUST.) PTY. LTD. P.O. Box 604, Brookvale, N.S.W.2100 Telephone: (02) 939 t900 Telex AA24121 Melbourne (03) 329 7655 Brisbane (07) 446 Adelaide 478 (08) 223 2699 Perth (09) 276 2944 t.Sañtatógiveyoua Movie Festival for Christmas.

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Imagine! All your favourite movies, to watch whenever you want! And for Santa too, it really couldn't be more convenient! Vagnetic Video has them all. Beta or VHS format. Including these Christmas releases Return of the Pink Panther: With Peter Sellers as So if you really want your very own movie festival this the nuttily notorious Inspector Clouseau in one of his best Christmas, just a little hint for Santa... performances. (Talk about a very merry Christmas...) Buy your Magnetic Video cassettes from department Cartoon Carnival: How do you describe the crazy, stores, video specialists and major electrical retailers. crazy antics of Heckle and Jeckle, Mighty Mouse, and Deputy Dawg? It is amazing value for only $69. Previously these cartoons would have cost $117. Now you save $48 on In Magnetic Video package! this great three -in -one A Twentieth Century -Fox Company The Long Weekend: The first Australian movie to be released by Magnetic Video. Peter and Marcia's simple Write to Magnetic Video (South Pacific), Northpoint, weekend away in the bush turns into an ordeal of horror. 100 Miller Street, North Sydney, 2060 for a free full colour And the ending is a shocker (don't watch it alone). comprehensive Magnetic Video catalogue, absolutely All That Jazz: Bob Fosse's spellbinding film celebrates obligation free. show business, yet strips it of the glitter and glamour to lay bare the energy, the guts, the pain and the exhilaration. Name.. Stars Roy Scheider and Jessica Lange. When we say movie festival, we mean movie festival. Address The Muppet Movie, Alien, All the greats like Sound of Music, Postcode ...... M*A*S*H, French Connection, Planet of the Apes. Plus MAG03u documentaries, sports, cartoons. L news~hJJ Four-hour VHS cassette from National Due to demand by industry and government departments, National has developed a four-hour VHS video cassette (said to be 'problem - free') - the longest VHS video cassette now available throughout the world. it ~ According to the Australian NBE-240) will not foul like some _.._-.1 distributors, the Electronics Division long-playing audio tapes, and that it of GEC, quality has not been lost is subject to less wear and tear q'v/1/lrin with the increase in playing time, during continuous use. and the tape is the same standard It is expected that the four-hour thickness as that used on other tape would be used in security and Good sound and easy operation quality National video cassettes. surveillance or time lapse moni- The extra 70 m of tape have been toning, as well as allowing more from Yamaha receiver accommodated inside the reference material to be stored in The R-2000, Yamaha's new top -of -the -line receiver, gives 100 watts . standard -size cassette cartridge by one place. per channel and incorporates many special features to produce reducing the size of the core round The NBE-240 has only just been natural sound reproduction with automatic convenience operation. which the tape is wound. All other released in Australia, and is available The 'X' power amplifier circuitry volumes by boosting these fre- internal mechanisms remain the from the Electronics Division of gives consistent, efficient power quencies at these volumes and same. GEC Australia Ltd. For further amplification, and overcomes the suppressing the midrange to avoid It is claimed that the extended- information contact David Rose on problem of excessive heat by using noise and distortion. length video tape (designated the (02)212-5488. a power level switching system. Two The R-2000's tuner produces no levels of supply power, high voltage interference -causing RF noise, New MD and low voltage, are delivered to the for Sharp Australia unlike many quartz phase -locked Mr. Hiroshi has amp. The Kawai been appointed managing director of Sharp circuitry monitors the loop synthesiser tuners. In addition, Corporation, Australia. music signal and switches on the the tuning system is said to lock the A veteran of the Japanese and high voltage supply only when it is tuner's frequency extremely American electronics boom, Mr. required to handle high-level music accurately onto that Of the broad - Kawai has played a leading role in peaks. The 'X' power amp circuitry cast station, giving completely the company's export operations for is also said to feature very low -free distortion reception. the past 22 years. He was a distortion. member Seven FM and seven AM stations of the second sales team to be sent The R-2000 contains several may be preset, and tuning level by Sharp to the United States in preamp features to improve the buttons allow the user to choose 1960, and was largely responsible sound reproduction, including among all stations or only those with for the company's first contract to Yamaha's 'Spatial Expander', which strong signals. Automatic DX/Local produce television sets for the US allows the listener to create the switching gives higher receptivity market. More recently he was 'open' impression of live music. when a weak station is received and Executive Vice -President of Sharp's without the need for extra speakers broader selectivity with a strong business equipment division in or amplifiers. There is also a built-in, signal, which also provides more America. high performance moving coil head accurate and distortion -free Before coming to Australia Mr. amp, and R-2000 offers three reproduction. Kawai spent seven years at Sharp in appliance products, including the different cartridge loads for The R-2000 comprises several Japan, where he headed the world- microwave oven market, which optimum compatibility with most other features too numerous to wide export division for home Sharp leads in Australia. available cartridges. mention here, and the whole is Other preamp features are the enclosed in a simulated ebony 'Auto-Phono Function', which will cabinet with chrome -finished face - Fisher products for Australia Following Sanyo's acquisition automatically switch the receiver plate. The recommended retail of the Fisher Corporation of the USA in 1977, it has been back to another selected music price is 51000. arinpunced that Sanyo will market Fisher - branded products in Australia, course at the end of a recorded For further information contact. to be available from early 1982. It is envisaged album, and a continuously variable the Public Relations Manager, that Fisher system VCRs has established a new products will loudness control. This compen- Yamaha/Rose Music, 17-33 Market cater for 'up-market' factory in Tokyo to manufacture for tastes in hi-fi and home sates human insensitivity to bass Street, South Melbourne Vic. 3205. recording, VHS system VCRs. This new factory and treble frequencies at low (03)699-2388. and will provide a wide range of is already supplying VHS system innovative products. Marketing and VCRs to the USA under the Fisher service functions for Fisher will be brand; Beta system VCRs will carry Dick Smith Walkie Stereo handled by Sanyo Australia through the Sanyo brand. The Dick Smith 'Walkie Stereo' (Cat. No. A-4055) has especially its existing staff and organisation. Sanyo is also expanding its Beta lightweight headphones, making ideal it for joggers, golfers, Three 'up-market' portable tape system range to four walkers, etc, who like to listen models, to their favourite music when they are recorders with recommended retail including a on the move. new portable, com- prices starting at 5399 will be mencing this Christmas; the first The Walkie Stereo has a tone released in January, followed in Fisher -branded VCRs will be selector and an auto shut-off March by a range of sophisticated available around the mechanism to middle of protect the tape, plus hi-fi systems with prices starting 1982. two headphone sockets so that around 51500. In the long term the Fisher range friends can share the music. There On the home video scene, Sanyo will be extended to other product is even a 'Talk' button that enables has adopted a corporate philosophy areas. communication between the two of non -alignment to any one video For further information contact people wearing the headphones! in format tape or disc. It will manu- Mr. Mike Hart, Australian Sales The Walkie Stereo cassette player facture players for all three disc Manager, Sanyo Australia Pty Ltd, costs 599 and is available from Dick formats, and in addition to its factory 225 Miller St, North Smith stores. Sydney NSW in Osaka manufacturing Beta 2060. (02)436-1122. 132 - December 1981 ETI `The quality remains after the prkeIs:forgttefl : Henry Royce, founder of Rolls-Royce, 1906`

Zr.:Rv,:,.. 40 `y 0#r ..w. '.1 PISTOL The new red Zerostat Pistol is the latest version of a leader in'it's field. The simplest way to remove static and it's associated symptons. Needs no refills, batteries or power supply and neut- ralises static charges in seconds. Lasts for at least 50,000 operations. $24.95.

1.

New discwasher DISCKIT Combines the Zerostat Anti- static pistol, Discwasher D-4 Record Cleaning System and Disc- 1 washer SC -2 stylus cleaner '2.. in a handsome walnut storage tray with smoked perspex dust cover at a significant cost saving over the individual components. $69. Save 22%. Dlscorganiser, the walnut tray and ~-.,,,,,, the perspex lid are available separately for just $25. New discwashers New D4 RECORD discwasher® Available now from CLEANER CLEANING SYSTEM hi-fi and record stores. SC -2 STYLUS New formula D-4 fluid SC -2 Stylus Cleaner fluid Is formulated removes dust, dirt, even to disperse not only harmful grit, but also fingermarks, whilst protect- the very vinyl additives which D-4 fluid ing the vinyl record surface. -bZEROSTAT protects and which can clog stylii. Walnut mounted D-4 fabric SC -2 brush, with bristles of a calculated pad has extra soft directional and density and texture, removes dirt without fibres to absorb fluid and damage to delicate stylus cantilevers. contamination, leaving discwasher® Reverse of brush is a magnifying mirror record surface entirely free Sole Australian for easy stylus inspection. $13.95. of contamination or residue Distributors of any kind. DC -1 pad cleaner keeps the in good fabric Victoria Park, W.A. 6100. for maximum - " 642 Albany Highway, condition arena" Telex: 93299 efficiency. $24.95. DISTRIBUTORS Ph: (09) 361 5422 lb

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QITXTICTBY BC NR by GEOFF MATTHEWS There has never been much doubt that compact cassette decks have been the most exciting thing systems since hi-fi was first invented. to happen to hi-fi However there has always a been question of which noise reduction system is the best one to system or one of the more recently own - the Dolby devised American, Japanese or European noise reduction systems. Recently though, the question seems to have been laid to rest. In the past few months, the Dolby system has emerged the clear choice by just about every cassette decks throughout the world. important maker of DOLBY B DOLBY C Dolby B noise reduction was a Since Dolby key factor Laboratories an- in launching the cassette nounced' and' demonstrated their as a viable hi-fi medium. Dolby B newest noise reduction quickly technology became the standard noise which they called Dolby C, just reduction system amongst consumers about every important maker with of cas- three major factors contributing sette decks has introduced to its one or success: a decisive 10 dB more models which incorporates improvement in high frequency S/N; the newest of Dolby's consumer type minimal audible side effects; and, noise reduction systems. fairly inexpensive circuitry. Since The new Dolby C noise 1968 when reduction Dolby B was introduced, system offers up to 20 dB the of noise phonograph record has become reduction at high frequencies Nakamichrs NR.100 Dolby C much and Noise Reduction Processor better with a movement to- begins operating at a lower wards direct frequency cut disks, digital point in the spectrum than did Dolby mastering and half speed cutting. B. However, Dolby C is not "across Improvement in process will sound cassette heads, elec- the board" circuitry that will be reasonably good tronics and used when played tapes have broken the by manufacturers in all of back on decks which 20 kHz their cas- are equipped barrier and cassette re- sette deck models from most expen- only with Dolby B corders with decoding circuitry. response to 25 kHz sive to least costly. Dolby C, while Whilst shunning have become a the word reality. Taken to- usable by Dolby licensees without "compatibility", they have gether, these maintained that Dolby factors have created having to pay any additional royalty, C recordings a demand for a played back with no noise reduction costs approximately 2% times as decoding what- system with greater ever will be "listenable" to capability than much to incorporate into a deck non- Dolby B., which critical ears. reduces tape hiss than does Dolby B. Furthermore, and other high On the other hand, frequency noise as some manufacturers are finding makers of generated during the tape recording out, the new noise other noise reduction systems make reduction system no process by a maximum of 10 dB. only works best such claims admitting that a when it is used in recording LINEAR COMPANDERS high quality decks which made using one of them have reas- cannot While Dolbyis the onably uniform frequency be played back properly using acknowledged response equipment that leader in the field of noise reduction capabilities to begin with. contains a decoder of a competing system. In that for consumer audio products, the INCREASED DYNAMIC sense, RANGE none of the systems are compatible Dolby system is hardly alone any Noise reduction and increased with either their competing systems longer. Several noise reduction sys- dynamic range are closely related. or with play back systems not tems have been devised by American, When the noise threshold decreases, Japanese and European equipped with any noise reduction companies, greater dynamic range can be stored system. and simple linear companders that by a music storage medium such as DOLBY RANKED NUMBER ONE offer greater dynamic range than disk or tape. Dolby has always In offering 20 dB of noise Dolby B are available. However they stressed the noise reduction qualities re- have unfortunate side duction, substantially greater dynamic effects - of their systems but points out that range audible "pumping" and without increased colouration "breathing". with Dolby B, they can approach and In short, they can be heard "work- "compatibility", Dolby has taken dynamic range capabilities of 80 dB another major step ing" and this is unacceptable. As a on a forward in improv- properly designed cassette deck. ing the rule of thumb, the greater the noise Dolby compact cassette as a hi-fi C affords substantially greater medium. And reduction, the greater the possibility its choice by major dynamic range without increased col- cassette deck of audible colouration. In fact the ouration. manufacturers clearly indicates that the experts believe success of Dolby B is due largely COMPATIBILITY to its adroit trade-off that the Dolby system offers better between S/N Dolby suggests that new cassette improvement and audible side technology, better features and better effects. recordings made using the Dolby C hi-fi. Inserted forreader Information by Convoy international, 4 Dowling Street, Nakamichi products in Australia. Woolloomooloo 2011, (02) 358 2088, the exclusive distributor of The word "Dolby" and the Double -0 symbol NOTE: Any person pracbsing tape recording is the trademark of Dolby should Laboratories. observe the provisions of the Copyright Act 1988. Will the videodisc survive? The much -heralded videodisc is still meeting serious problems, and Europeans are seriously questioning whether it is in its death throes. Both Philips and JVC have postponed its launch in Europe, although Philips attribute their repeated delays in the launching of their product to the inability of their Blackburn plant to manufacture the discs In adequate quantities. However, many people are asking interest it will arouse in potential whether the videodisc can be a commercial users, who can pay viable commercial proposition for relatively high prices for material New National Panasonic the mass consumer market. Can it unobtainable in other forms. really provide effective competition However, RCA's experience with a low light cameras to the video cassette recorder? low-priced videodisc system which National Panasonic have released a new series of low light level Surely anyone with the necessary has been selling in the USA for the cameras onto the Australian market which are specifically designed. cash to spend on equipment will best part of a year has been that for security, surveillance and other specialised closed circuit purchase a VCR on which pro- sales volume is relatively low. applications. grammes can be recorded off the Even Sony has decided to back Particular use is being made of moonlight conditions. air and immediately wiped out when out of the consumer videodisc the camera in situations where the The secret to the success of the not required? Few families will wish market, preferring to concentrate use of expensive lighting is camera is the sensitive Newvicon to spend their hard-earned cash on on institutional users such as prohibitive. tube with fibre optics, which incor- two separate items of equipment for schools, colleges and private Apart from the obvious security porates an image intensifier to home video systems. companies. Although the sales applications, such as defence ensure high performance in limited The videodisc does have the volume will be relatively small, it installations, other areas of use light conditions. High -quality advantages that it will not wear could be profitable. include industrial instrumentation integrated circuitry is also used to appreciably, the discs will probably Many people in Europe feel the application, mines and tunnels, on create clear pictures in adverse be priced at about half that of a pre- videodisc system will become viable wharves at night, various medical conditions. recorded video cassette and one only if playing equipment comes laboratory procedures involving TV Minimum illumination for the may obtain better quality from a onto the market in a very cheap microscopy, engineering laboratory moonlight camera is only 3 x 10-4 disc. However, who could wish to form (perhaps of the order of 5200), procedures requiring a minimum of footcandles for a usable picture and pay perhaps 5100 for his favourite with discs selling for not more than light. and also in the study of 3 x 10-3 footcandles for recom- film on videodisc when he can wait perhaps $10 each at current price animals and their nocturnal mended illumination. for it to appear on television or levels. It seems doubtful whether activities. The camera has been These cameras, along with other record it from a rented pre-recorded any manufacturer can offer a satis - used in the study of insects and their CCTV products in the National tape using a VCR? factory product - or indeed any night flights. Panasonic range, are available It has been suggested that the product - at such prices. The VA/ -1900 and its 24 Vac low through the Electronics Division of videodisc will survive because of the Brian Dance voltage counterpart, the WV -1904, GEC. For further information are lunar light cameras which contact David Rose on provide usable video pictures under (02)212-5488.

In -car sound from Kenwood AF roo Kenwood HI-FI recently introduced a matching range of hi-fi stereo components intended for mounting on the dashboard of a car. The range includes the KTC-767 vided by the KGC-747 graphic -L AM/FM stereo tuner (rrp 5345), equaliser (rrp $185), also the same whose features include an auto- dimensions as the tuner and matic noise reduction circuit which cassette player. An alternative is the monitors FM signal quality and KGC-737 graphic equaliser/ automatically switches to a amplifier (at 5245), with the same sequence of alternative reception measurements and low-level Anti -feedback amp introduced modes to provide the best available equaliser circuitry as the KGC-747, Audio Telex Communications, who make the successful DI Series sound, and the Automatic Broad- but with four built-in power ampli- public address amplifiers, recently released a new anti -feedback cast Search System, which fiers that provide five watts of drive unit, the AF100, which is primarily designed for use in areas of high automatically seeks a stronger to each of the front speaker systems feedback or reverberation, such as churches, lecture halls, halls and station when any AM or FM signal and 15 watts to those in the rear. airports. becomes too weak. Two power amplifiers are avail - The AF100 series features a 17.5 kHz The KXC-757 is an auto -reverse able to complement the equalisers: number of facilities specifically 240 Vac, 24 Vdc operation. cassette deck with Dolby, and has the KAC-801 (rrp 5245) and the inbuilt to eliminate feedback and The AF100 is moderately priced an rrp of 5325. The same size as the KAC-727 (rrp 5185). These amps poor intelligibility. These include: and is said to cost less than many tuner, it incorporates many features, are small enough to be mounted Graphic equaliser with six notch conventional public address including a 'cassette standby', either in the boot or underneath a filters amplifiers. whereby a cassette may be cued up seat, and the KAC-801 features a Compression circuitry, up to 10 The unit is available from Audio indefinitely - without damage to remote control power switch and dB, switchable on/off Telex Communications Pty Ltd, P.O. tape or .machine - and pro- delivers 50 watts per stereo channel. Limiter with 100% overload Box 421, Parramatta NSW 2150, grammed to activate automatically The KAC-727 delivers 15 watts per capacity, switchable on/off (02)633-4344; P.O. Box 468, Mt. when radio reception falls below channel, and matches the tuner, Battery -charging circuitry (trickle) Waverley Vic. 3149, (03)277-5311; acceptable limits. cassette deck and equalisers in 100 watts RMS output with a and P.O. Box 44, West End QId. Equalisation functions are pro- appearance. frequency response of 35 Hz to 4101, (07)44-6328.

ETI December 1981 - 135 AUDITEC AMPLIFIERS + HIGH RELIABILITY AMPLIFIERS - ,1 AUSTRALIAN DESIGNED AND - MANUFACTURED FOR AUSTRALIAN CONDITIONS.

2009 TWIN 150 WATT K108 4 CHANNEL 100 WATT K110 4 CHANNEL 100 WATT 1009 120 WATT F K109 2 CHANNEL 100 WATT 1027 250 WATT ' 2033 TWIN 100 WATT K104 2 CHANNEL 120 WATT 1034 200 WATT K105 4 CHANNEL 120 WATT

r A -SERIES 120 TO 250 WATT OPEN CHASSIS MODULES FROM 30 TO 250 WATTS t j --_ AUDITEC MAJOR STOCKIST. NSW: ZEPHYR PRODUCTS, 70 Batesford Rd, Chadstone, 3148 Ph (03) 568 2922. OLD: FOR SHORT FORM AMPLIFIER GUIDE DELSOUND PTY. LTD., 1 Wickham Terrace, Brisbane 4000. Ph (07) 229 6155. SA: NEIL MULLER PTY. LTD., 74 Mary St, Unley, 5061. Ph (08) 2728011 NT: DARWIN PHONE WRITE OR CALL AT COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS, 2420 Scriven St, Casuarina, 5792. Ph (089) 85 3184. FARMER ELECTRONICS, 31 Elder St. Alice Springs, 5750. Ph (011) 522967. OTHER AGENTS: NSW; RAY WALSH SOUND SYSTEMS, 448 Swift St, Albury, 2640 Ph (060) 21 1502. W.M.R. ELECTRONICS, "Wirra Willa" Belmont Rd, Glenfield, 2167. Ph (02) 605 1203. DAWES SOUND SYSTEMS, 7 Mitchell's Pass, Blaxland, 2774. Ph(047) 39 4421 D.R. auorEc HI -Fl & ELECTRONICS, 657 Pittwater Rd, Dee Why, 2099. Ph (02) 982 7500. LANDERS MUSIC CENTER PTY. LTD., 302 Summer St, Orange, 2800. Ph (063) 62 6515. TRILOGY WHOLESALE AUSTRALIA PTY. LTD. ELECTRONICS, 40 Princes Hwy, Fairy Meadow, 2519. Ph (042) 831219. ARCHER SOUND 10 Waitara Avenue, Waitara, NSW 2077 (adjacent SYSTEMS, 107 Bungaree Rd, Wentworthville, 2145. Ph (02) 631 4538. OLD: BUNDABERG HI-FI, 244 George St, Bundaberg. 4670. Ph (071) 713176. KELLER to Pacific Highway) Phone (02) 48 4116 ELECTRONICS, 218 Adelaide St, Maryborough, 4650. Ph (071) 214559.

THE 30 CM CONVERTIBLE: MONITOR AND T.V. SET d PHILIPS LOUDSPEAKERS See us at Northpoint Hl -Fi for the new range of Philips loudspeak- ers and crossover networks. We have the ETI 4000 series speak- ers on display as well as other Philips kits. You can buy sets with or without boxes, any way $139.50 you like. Come in for an audition, or write for further information.

If you need a monitor for your computer, consider this dual purpose.set. A fully-fledged B/W TV set with RCA input for your computer. Alternatively, you could use the set in conjunction with a video camera as a closed circuit TV system. A simple switch allows easy change -over from TV to monitor. Available only from:

100 Miller St, North Sydney. iibrthpoint hi-fi Ph 922-7780.

136 - December 1981 ETI NotJ REACH FOR Speaker ire RALMAR... DECISION

WIRE DIRECTORY HIGH OEFifTtON EA TNE !\ Headphones «eV Headshells ih Heat shrink tubing Hi -Fi - " Cable; connectors; Fittings; Speakers High speed fuses Hobby tools o Holders - Battery; Fuse; Microphone Horns speaker wire limits the per- - Conventional P.A.; Siren sound system by de- formance of your Hook up wire creasing power output, restricting dynamic range, and reducing clarity and definition. You can significantly improve the per- formance of your audio system by switch- ing from your present speaker wire to I.C. Clips Monster Cable. Indoor TV antenna Constructed of over 500 strands of high Indicators purity copper in a unique configuration, Intercoms Monster Cable is specifically engineered for low resistance, low capacitance, and low inductance. The Results? Deeper, tighter bass. Maximum power transfer. Jacks Increased clarity and definition. Jumper wire Wider dynamic range. Even low -powered systems show a remark- able improvement. Recommended by leading audio manufacturers, Monster Cable is safe to use with all amplifiers and receivers, regardless of design. it Don't be deceived by imitations. If Kits Amplifier Module not - doesn't say Monster Cable you're Kits getting all the performance you paid for. Cassette Care Kits; Record Care Kits 11011S1TRI.CRS.Ié'-- JUST PART OF THE RANGE! 2088 DISTRIBUTED BY CONVOY SYDNEY (02) 358 HI FI CampUeHtown AT SELECTED TRAVELLERS SUPPLIES Sydney CAMPBELLTOWN AVAILABLE Available Iran N.S.W.-DUTY FREE ' HI Fi Newcastle PITMANS Wagga City, Panamana, Artaman NEWCASTLE LEISURE SOUND SPRINGWDOD H Fl RYALL ELECTRONICS Dee Wiry RUSSIN ELECTRONICS Ashteld DAVE EVERYWHERE! WALLIS AUDIO Lane Cove WOOLLAHtA STORES TAMWORTH HI FI Tamworth LEN Spnngwood HI FI Newcastle ACT- HI Fi Wollongong EASTERN ELECTRONICS Woalanra WOLLONGONG Melbourne HI FI Kingston VCTORIA-NATSOUND TRADE ENQUIRIES... DURATONE HI FI PAlhp KINGSTON Nth CaulteM COAST AUDIO Albert Park SOUNDCRAFTSMAN (02) 4396566 BOCK SOUND Wal rga EAST SUPPLIES N.S.W. Ralmar Agencies P/Ltd AUDIO Geelong OLD-DISCO b STEREO TIVOLI HI FI Hawtnwo STEVE BENNETT Fl HI R SALES Redcl,Re P/Ltd (03) 2673028 HI Southport HANDD HI Tnowag Vic. Ralmar Agencies Townsville GOLD COAST FI STEREO Bururda STEREO SUPPLIES Bnsbare HIGHWAY SOUND ML Isa REG MILLS STEREO Harwood P/Ltd (07) 2641118 Gambler BLACKWOOD SCOW Blackwood S.A. Charles STN. AUST.-ASLIN HI FI Mt WORLD Cams TRACK HI FI Adelade W.A.- P/Ltd (07) 2611513 SOUNOCRAFTSMAN Hawthorne OLD. Olbertz International GRENFELL PLAZA HI FI Adelade West Perth Freemantle THE AUDIO CENTRE Perth E VCtana Park. Balga. & Assoc. P/Ltd (09) 3817777 ALBERTS Park LESLIE LEONARDS HI FI W.A. Bruce Ingram Mosman Park JAPAN HI FI Vrctag AUDIO DISTRIBUTORS UNITED ELECTRONICS 3316533 Karratha TAS.-BEL CANTO Hobart TAS. George Harvey P/Ltd (003) East Perth NORTH WEST AUDIO RAL2/81 Launceston N.T.-RADIO PARTS Darwin. ETI December 1981 - 137 & R Recording -__Alp Alphan«"" StudiosS Arnerican Studio ibert iphalnternational Dale Ashby t¡pn Air Studios- Australia- J,mericanStudio Inc. BayshoreRecordin9 - Recording Studios Capito¡Records AlphaSt Audio_- Studios A dent Backstage Studio_ Inc. pplewood isStudiosd- Pr oductions pavlen Sound Studiolnc- CBS CanStudi Recor Recording ee Studio.-` The Automatt Studio C ductiochnicks Group l Studiop°g Studios- Bee Jay Studio--CBStudio Truck American tlantic Recording Studio_.iyThe Enactron Heider Studio Criteria and Father_ Sound Echo Sou iñ Tonstudios Dale Ashby Columbia Studios.Sound-----Thelmensional Hansa Tracks Recor gtudioBearsville Inc.-Ic Jacks Recording Cherokee Studios D Sound Studiospaye-_Kayeof Music Bayshore ingptff ension House Fur Studios_- Recording Celebration nt Jack's Tracks Konk Studio --L Studios_ Recorders Fa ` Delphine Kendun -Long view Recordin9-In - Heights_ IV Studio, Morin Studi Group Le MCA/Whitney Heider StudiosH Comfort-- Wally Love'n' Middle Ear F Tracks Sound Sou Jack's Media b Muscle Shoals Productions--StudiThe La (Kaye -Smith The Mixing Studio_ Recording Corp.--- iys Vegas Recording i North American pacific Re Love's f iinf1 Studio ,Pacific l (11 Recording Plaza Soun FalS` Soun / PS. --MediaMedia t flip Studios Slat Master Disc f ,Powerower / 1 Music Studio Minot Sounder t Polar - Records ShoalsSoO Pumpkin Stud Muscle eStepUp _ r Plant Recording Studio- Record Co -R Nova Recording Studio, Reel Sound Rusk So Pacific Recording polar Farm Studio Studios_ Ridge Studio plaza Sound pumpkin R Studio SaCo power Station_-- S S.C. Secret$ecret PoweQuadr Studios, Sound Sea -West Re Studio,Shoeudi EDA' The Shelter Recording Ridge Fame St City Studios$0u Truck ___Ridge Sound Sound Pal Remote C. St 1 Labs` Studio. e Y,#a"^n SoundSou SoundStudio ,.auMna West1. Rusk K Studios $ea .r- Sound Pit Studio. She ,.a Si ioA ISarm Soundw bs,S Sound Studio- Secret Sound City in thegtudiosCountry Studio I Shoe Productions, One Recording Studios Studio Ideas Recorders! ound Pit Studio Sound AcoPalaceS Studio Studio u Studios Recording corderStus `S the Cou Studios_Ultra Pioneer Rec á1ó Recording Warner ¡SdtudioStudio ecordi_ Studio Trafalgar RecordertuRec Masters----Studioasters The Village &R Recording_ Studio Track Sound Studios. Victor dent iSuperd¡sc Track Studio Wage Studio U Trolley, Laney pogee Studiosr 301--.StudioTheThe Townhouse Recording Windmill a Studios (Studios Audios American Studio_-A acR 9 ProductionscorInc., Western. --American Studios6 CBS Studi Sundance IncInc.__United StudioWeStlake AV Australia_ SySystems Recording Audio_ Automatt- gee Jay Studio Sound Wessex Alpha The C Studio United Studio-----Wessextudio Studios Atlantic Studios- Sound St p'oiReCOrds- Cherokee 1 RecordlAir -Pioneer ibert Fathers Warner Studios_-- Ashby and gtudioBearsville Criteria Rec pale Bayshore Recording pfoductions_ Studios Can Base Columbia MASTERS OF THE STUDIO. There's as much magic in the mixing board as there is world's most in the keyboard. successful recorded albums and singles. Along with the Award, That's why, when we also present $1,000 to a we award the Ampex Golden Reel, it charitable goes organisation. to both the recording artist and the recording studio. Since we started the Golden Reel Awards Together they provide the magic that turns three years a reel of recording ago, there have been over 200 recipients tape into an outstanding creative achievement. worldwide, including six in Australia. More than The Ampex Golden $200,000 has been donated on Reel Award honours those their behalf. achievements that were mastered on Ampex professional Congratulations to all of recording tape. They've earned them. The masters on both a place in the ranks of the sides of the microphone. AM PEX Ampex Australia Pty Ltd, 65 Waterloo Road, North Ryde, N.S.W. 2113. Ampex Australia Pty Ltd, 21 Terra -Cotta Drive, Blackburn, Victoria 3130. AMP 014 Quality Equipment at Prices You Can Afford means GERMAN HI-FI International With an ever expanding programme of Systems & Separates, Atram is -4-.- keeping Australia up to date with the fi vrv,Vb4 Europeans. : market demands of the

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\ecs a too .0 from kit to -set Now Peerless introduces another major advance II Psys- e2'(- a - loudspeaker technology: A bass speaker with a rigid 1"119a1' outperforms traditional polypropylene cone that clearly . q. paper composite cone speakers, providing: cleaner, tighter bass sound reproduction low colouration and high efficiency, suítíng 25W to 100W amplifiers consistent distortion i rigid panel, low mass speaker cones. Other outstanding features of Danish built Peerless speaker -I kit -sets are; -- - . 11,o sealed back mid -range with excellent linearity and low distortion latest Peerless 1" soft dome tweeter state-of-the-art crossover networks exceptionally flat response extending to 25,000 Hz. p ttrttss' Choose from these EA/Peerless =1.1~~,if. speaker projects: MN W NM MI ME M UM111111 (100L) pr M MN~I my nearest- dealer. way $364.00 name of PAS 100 12" 3 100W rP lease sendI me full details of Peerless Kit -set speakers and the PAS 60 10" 3 way 90W (60L) $214.00 pr PAS 25 8'4" 2 way 60W (25L) $166.00 pr Includes drivers,crossover, wiring and instructions. Name I Enjoy finer sound and avoid import dutjes by asking your nearest dealer for Peerless polypropylene IAddress loudspeaker kits or contact: I G.R.D. GROUP Pty. Ltd. 698 Burke Road, Postcode CONCORDIP410 3124 Phone: 82 1256 j Camberwell, Victoria ~I ME WM WWI WIN MN 1=11 ETI December 1981 - 139 Inside Quad's latest electrostatic loudspeaker No new loudspeaker development has probably been heralded by more rumour, speculation and comment that Quad's new electrostatic model. Their `original' electro- static loudspeaker has been in continuous production for more than 25 years and has enjoyed a reputation as a `standard' by which many other speakers are judged. Let's see what the `new' one is all about .. . Brian Dance IT IS OVER a quarter of a century since any other specific product in the high- taken many the Quad electrostatic loudspeaker was years - indeed, there are fidelity field which has been a leader for no prizes for guessing introduced as a new approach to high- so long? what the 63 in íts new model number signifies! fidelity sound reproduction. When it This same Quad first became electrostatic loud- available, many people speaker will continue to be produced by considered it to be the ideal loudspeaker the Acoustical Electrostatics Manufacturing The basic idea for domestic use, and over a prolonged Company Ltd of of an electrostatic loud- period it Huntingdon, speaker is very has been widely adopted as a Cambridgeshire, England, but attractive, since the standard of this moving diaphragm can be driven in a reference by engineers in manufacturer is now introducing a new the recording and broadcasting fields. It controlled manner over its whole and improved successor to its original surface and is remarkable that this loudspeaker has design. The can therefore be very light new electrostatic loud- and flexible. been able to keep such a. reputation for speaker is designated Indeed, work on the so the Quad ESL -63 electrostatic long in spite of intensive develop- and is currently priced loudspeaker was carried mental work about 65% out well before Rice on loudspeaker design by higher than the earlier model. and Kellogg many The invented the moving coil manufacturers. Can you think of development of the new model has loudspeaker; the latter is driven by a coil fixed to a DIAPHRAGM small region of the cone and therefore the cone must be of á fairly rigid and heavy material. Such a heavy moving cone stores much energy, and problems arise because it is necessary to mount a moving coil loudspeaker in some form of PERFORATED a OUTER cabinet to achieve satisfactory energy coupling low ELECTRODE at frequencies to the air, and the cabinet introduces undesirable resonances of its own in addition to the speaker resonances. One may therefore wonder why the electrostatic loudspeaker has not been much more widely used in the past instead of the moving coil. In order to obtain adequate sensitivity, the gap in which the light diaphragm moves must be kept small (since the force between electrostatic charges decreases as the inverse square of the distance between them) and this tends to restrict its use to the higher frequencies. Indeed, many electrostatic high -frequency 'tweeter' units have been produced for use with moving coil bass and mid -range speakers. Another problem is the inherent non - 'AUDIO AUDIO I linearity of the simple type of POWER POWER electrostatic construction, although this SIGNAL SIGNAL difficulty can be removed by suitable Figure 1. The basic electrostatic speaker push-pull Figure 2. Linear electrostatic drive system. speaker drive system constructional 'techniques. In addition, with a constant charge on the diaphragm. an electrostatic loudspeaker offers what 140 - December 1981 ETI per octave. At low frequencies the response is limited by the stiffness of the diaphragm required for stable operation, but the response can be extended to lower frequencies by increasing the electrode spacing and reducing the diaphragm stiffness; however, this reduces the acoustic output for a given input signal power and a higher polarising voltage is needed. The original Quad electrostatic loudspeaker was designed to provide the full audible frequency range from a unit which should be placed a little way from any obstructions at either the front or the rear. Its efficiency (sound output level for a given signal input power) is somewhat less than that of many moving coil loudspeakers, and a power amplifier with a 25 W output is required. Like all electrostatic loud- speakers, a mains power supply is required for generating the polarising voltage. One of the main attractions is the absence of any sound colouration from cabinet resonances. Sound dispersion The main way in which the new Quad ESL -63 differs from other types of loud- speaker (both moving coil and electro- static designs) is the technique by which a satisfactory sound dispersion pattern is obtained over the full audible frequency range without the use of the conventional multiple drive units, with or without crossover systems. Let us imagine a theoretically ideal point source of sound, A in Figure 3, radiating sound pressure waves to a listener at B. The waves are concentric spheres like the two-dimensional waves formed on the surface of water after a stone has been thrown into the water. a little - If one considers the place CD to the the diaphragm, so that the time is essentially a capacitive load the way in front of the source A at right it and this may constant formed by this resistor and power amplifier feeding large when angles to the direction of propagation of problems. electrode capacitance is give rise to matching of the audio the sound wave, the air molecules will form of an electrostatic compared with the period to The basic force on the be moving in the direction shown can be represented as in frequency signals. The on loudspeaker at any instant is now generate the concentric waves shown Figure 1, in which a very light diaphragm plane. In to the instantaneous value the right hand side of this diaphragm moves between two proportional imaginary plane is of the signal voltage across the trans- Figure 4 this electrodes in a push-pull system. A high replaced by a very light membrane of an between former secondary winding. polarising voltage is applied will electrostatic loudspeaker, and the and the two The two outer electrodes the moving diaphragm grids which can original sound source is removed from outer electrodes, while the audio signal normally be stationary If the membrane allow air to pass easily through them. behind the plane. is coupled by means of a step-up trans- moves in the same way as the air in anti -phase The centre electrode is a piece of former so that it appears which is suf- molecules of Figure 3, the resulting the two outer electrodes. The stretched membrane by the between and unrestrained that if waves produced should be heard diaphragm is attracted by electrostatic ficiently light are quite indis- is placed in a sound wave, it will listener so that they forces, but unfortunately this attraction it from the original sound vibrate to follow the motion of the air tinguishable is non-linear. their source A of Figure 3. a loudspeaker molecules without affecting in his In order to produce In other words the The listener therefore forms a linear response, one needs to motion appreciably. source of with is acoustically trans- mind a virtual image of the make the charge on the diaphragm speaker system the same way that parent. Such a loudspeaker can provide sound at E in exactly constant and independent of its position a virtual image is formed in a plane This a response which is level at frequencies relative to the other two electrodes. which the mirror by light, waves, except that the by inserting a of up to at least 20 kHz, after can be accomplished diaphragm may mirror is not the source of energy. Rl in Figure 2, between effective mass of the on this large resistor, by some 6 dB The Quad ESL -63 operates the high voltage polarising supply and reduce the output power ETI December 1981 - 141 fact: five new Shure Cartridges feature the technological breakthroughs of the V15 Type IV

Plus Unprecedented S~URB stylus protection 4

. . /`r ti the M97 Era IV What's more, every M97 cartridge features a Series unique lateral deflection assembly, called the SIDE - phono GUARD, which responds to side thrusts on the cartridges stylus by withdrawing the entire stylus shank and tip safely into the stylus housing before it can Shure has written a new chapter in the history of bend. affordable hi-fi by making the space-age technological breakthroughs of the incomparable For Technical service and advice, contact the V15 Type IV available in a complete line of high- Audio Engineers representative at the office in your performance, moderately -priced cartridges: the State. M97 Era IV Series Phono Cartridges, available with five different interchangeable stylus configurations to fit every system and every budget. ®F E-1L)FR The critically acclaimed V15 Type IV is the -b cartridge that astonished audiophiles with such For send this coupon to: vanguard features as the Dynamic Stabilizer - AUDIO ENGINEERS 342 Kent Street which simultaneously overcomes record -warp SYDNEY, N.S.W. 2000 Tel: caused problems, provides electrostatic 29-6731 neutralization of the record surface, and effectively Please send me your 'free' brochure on Shure removes dust and lint from the Cartridges. record - and, the (PLEASE PRINT NAME AND ADDRESS) unique telescoped stylus assembly which results in lower effective stylus mass and dramatically NAME: improves trackability. ADDRESS. Each of these features ... and more ... has been incorporated in the five cartridges in the M97 Series there is even an M97 cartridge that - Postcode: offers the low distortion Hyperelliptical stylus! ET481

AUDIO ENGINEERS PTY. LTD. NOMIS ELECTRONICS PIL AUDIO ENGINEERS (Old) AUDIO ENGINEERS (Vic.) ATHOL 342 Kent Street 689 South Road M. HILL P/L 51A Castlemalne Street 2A Hill Street 33 Wittenoom SYDNEY, N.S.W. 2000 BLACK FOREST, S.A. 5035 MILTON, Street Old. 4064 THORNBURY, Vic. 3071 EAST PERTH, W.A. 6000 AE 161 TRYTHIS EXCITING HOBBY!

Build your own Organ, at half the cost of a i ready -built Organ. the --beginning WITH WERSI ORGAN KITS Wide range of models: COMBO to large CHURCH ORGANS he beginning of a record playing chain is the record. If the turntable does not extract the musical from the record, it is lost for ever. No amount of money spent further along the chain, on speakers for example, will recreate a signal which is lost at the beginning. In fact. you may only amplify original deficiencies by reproducing them more faithfully. The Linn Sondek LP12 transcription turntable is designed and Also manufactured to extract as much information STRING ORCHESTRA and the famous as possible from the modern long playing. BASS SYNTHESIZER WERSIVOICE record. It is, quite simply, the link missing in ELECTRIC PIANO ROTATION SOUND so many play -back systems your. For a Colour Catalogue send 80c. between Klaus Wundencch Demonstration Record, music only with jacket ear and the recorded performance. notes - 57.001red postage) If you can appreciate the R41rASOni 9 differences between listening to a record on Qyrrrtirms a good system and hearing something that fro approaches live music, then the logical CLEFTRONICS PTY. LTD. place to start is with the Linn Sondek LP12 9 Florence St., Burwood, Vic. 3125 A product of integrity which Phone: (03) 288-7899 offers proven value and performance

DICK SMITH ELECTRONICS NOW OPEN &., 12)~

DA', S* On Parramatta Rd Yes! Dick Smith Electronics, your one -stop electronics supermarket, has a branch open 7 days per week! Now you won't be caught short looking for a .001uF greencap to finish a project on Sunday afternoon. S1 V1yr1t1CK Just call into Dick Smith Electronics - Auburn! 'Open 9AM - 5.30PM Mon -Fri, 8.30 LINN -12 noon Sat & 10AM -2 PM Sunday SONDEK Aiming for Perfection Romney Road St Ives NSW_ 145 Parramatta Rd, PO Box 139 SI Ives 2075 Australia Auburn Ph 648 0558 Telephone (02) 4408441

DSE 874 ETI December 1981 - 143 principle. it consists of a diaphragm by its development engineers as FRED fault conditions and instantaneously (which is very light and electrically - Full Range Electrostatic Doublet! shorts the signal being fed into the loud- polarised) suspended between two sets (We used to know FRED as a 'Frequently speaker - hence the need for an of rigid, acoustically transparent, Ridiculous Electronic Device', so that's a amplifier with short circuit protection. concentric annular electrodes. These new one ... Ed.). It is impossible to damage the electrodes, which spread the sound Such a dipole source has important loudspeaker element itself, but the pressure pattern across the diaphragm, advantages both in connection with the input voltage limiter has a limited can be seen in Figure 5. Signals are fed placement of the loudspeaker in a room thermal capacity and persistent over- to the electrodes via sequential delay and with stereo perception. There is no drive will overheat this section of the lines so that the diaphragm produces a radiation in the plane of the diaphragm, equipment. sound pressure -pattern which is an so it does not excite modes of room The dimensions of the ESL -63 are: exact replica of that from an ideal vibration which lie in this plane. In height 925 mm, width 660 mm and source placed about 300 mm behind the practice, the loudspeakers are normally depth 270 mm, including the 150 mm - plane of the diaphragm. placed at an angle to the horizontal axes deep base which contains all the In order that the system will produce of the listening room and excitation of electronics. It is quite heavy, the net and such a sound pressure pattern, the both horizontal axial modes is 3 dB less gross weights being 18.7 kg and 23 kg membrane must vibrate in the form of than with an omnidirectional sound respectively. It requires a mains supply the annularly expanding rings, the source, while discrimination is imposed of either 200/240 V or 100/120 V at 50 to amplitude falling with distance from against vertical modes. 60 Hz at 5 VA. the centre. A radial delay line system The ratio of direct -to -reflected sound The earlier Quad electrostatic loud- incorporating the required attenuation is much greater with a dipole source speaker could be confused with a room of the form shown in Figure 6 is used in than with omnidirectional sources, so heater with its open -mesh metal grille, the ESL -63 to produce the required the localisation of the stereo image is but the ESL -63 is a completely re -styled signals for the membrane. In practice much improved. version which many people feel is more the design is complicated by the fact suitable for a domestic living room both that any loudspeaker must have a finite in appearance and in the convenience area, and compensation must be intro- Amplifier requirements brought about by its reduced width. duced for the interference waves which The impedance of the Quad ESL -63 is For the technically minded reader, would otherwise be generated at the nominally 8 ohms, predominantly the maximum output is 2 N/m2 at 2 m edge of the loudspeaker; this can be done resistive, thus presenting no problems from the loudspeaker on its axis. The by using a suitable design of the lossy at all to an amplifier. However, it is bandwidth referred to the -6 dB limit delay line. vitally important to note that on its axis at low levels is 35 Hz to over The Quad ESL -63 is stated to be a amplifiers which do not incorporate 20 kHz. The sensitivity is 86 dB for a totally homogeneous source of sound, short-circuit protection should not be 2.83 V RMS input (1.5 bar per volt phase true and very aperiodic, with a employed with this loudspeaker. The referred to 1M). frequency response both on and off axis amplifier should have an output which is quite free from the irregular- capability of 40 V peak (corresponding Australian availability: ities which are inevitable in any multi - to 200 W peak or 100 W mean into 8 The Acoustical Manufacturing Co. of way loudspeaker system. ohms). Amplifiers with output Huntingdon, England, have informed Brian The designer has capabilities of up to 55 V peak (190 W Dance that the address of their Australian complete control Distributor is: over the directivity of the loudspeaker, into 8 ohms) can be used, but there is no Audioson International Pty Ltd and the mean spherical radiated energy advantage in doing so. P.O. Box 361 is tapered smoothly at the higher Two protection circuits are fitted into Brookvale frequencies. The Quad ESL -63 acts as a the ESL -63. One of these limits the NSW 2100 The new ESL -63 is expected to be available from dipole source with a figure -of-eight maximum input voltage which is fed this supplier by about early 1982. dispersion pattern, and has been known into the loudspeaker; the other detects

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View underneath the base of the ESL -63, showing the driving and delay line components.

144 - December 1981 ETI C ICI NORTRON ICS

AUDIO & DIGITAL A TAPE HEADS

taw tie _ 'D 1 Figure 3. The listener at B hears sounds from the Figure 4. A diaphragm can generate waves Iden- source after It passes through the plane C -D. tical to those from the virtual source at E. for long life extended response

Replacement heads for cassette decks, I f WE I reel to reel decks, cartridges and cassette I i IfiiiiifiIfi recorders. Also professional recorders ; [1= 1 1 1 E 1;"f 1 iii, , I_ MEW and duplicators. rL Man tiiiufitrfi! Will fit AMPEX, SCULLY, TEAC, ATC, I.I 1 I i { i 1 I I I GATES, PENTAGON and many more. _:Si iis S Specification sheet of all Nortronics heads I ,-'' available on request. iIli i ,w,lAl,' i >Iiii9ii r/wewr Nfflfii'ºIlfi1 Complete range of Alignment tapes for i®r/iQi:Zi'ii í!~ i0`z32 cassette, reel to reel and cartridge decks. iIGifilt: /'i' fflelAtii t:WAfii 1Ofi. REGULAR MAINTENANCE ENSURES rAifif:z 1111wUVii1 lit©3, CONTINUED OPTIMUM PERFORMANCE. fi'iffI'DIr1t1 Nortronics manufacturers ii #11111111.-3.1111 a full range of l - ' audio products. -- care .I I I n¡iTijit til _L= 1l E ® WEE M Iüato NS is. G i r MAGNETIC TAPE iiirlfff>,mtr mill' 'VIIItifi.iii DEVELOPER >ICC#B.w 01Y Y111:10M ,/./l,lffiUiii iiiiNiW±1N Sili:llal7t 01/.0-UifI,Ii -Z- lif i!11 1':L It. - il tt:--. fiM!'#M EMCEE >Iitiiiii iiiffar iifM i9IS1i Figure 5. The Quad ESL -63 I l l( I IDmf/ If .ik:fICEí ALIGNMENT TAPES with the grille ``:ifiiflri MEW t cloth removed to l I . show the concen- SPLICING tric annular 1117-- BLOCKS electrodes. , TAPE 4 HEAD CLEANER

T'

SPLICING TABS

NORTRONICS audio care products are designed to care for and maintain your INCREASING valuable recording equipment. INDUCTIVE RADIAL DISTANCE RESISTIVE SEND TWO 24c STAMPS FOR OUR FREE FROM CENTRE DELAY BROCHURE ON THE COMPLETE NORTRONICS ACCESSORIES RANGE. CIRCUITS EMA(' INDUSTRIES Pty. L td.

CENTRE OF 2 Bengal Crescent, Mount Waverley, LOUDSPEAKER Vic. 3149. Ph: (03) 277-9989. Figure 6. The form of the delay line used to supply the annular electrodes.

ETI December 1981 - 145 .

It takes time and a great sense... of perfection to make a wine...

which is worthy of bearing... the name McWilliam's.

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J/. At last McWilliam's... Bin Seventy SevenTraminer Riesling is ready. AB972/80 MC1115 PCB5

Instructions on how to make your own pc boards using the Scotchcal method and exposing through this page may be found on page 159 of the June '81 Issue.

6

EXPANDED

12 13

VOLTS ETI 159

ETI December 1981 - 147 FOR SALE: SYM-1 plus KTM2/80 and BASIC. $450 Ring Salvatore after 5.30 pm (02)660-5120.

MA OSI CHALLENGER: 1P, with 8K RAM, RS232 inter- face, documentation and packaging. 1979 model, Where readers can advertise good condition, and goodwill included - 5520. For Paul Webster, (02)55-6125. Sale/Wanted/Swap/join. SELL: TRS-80 48K disk, ITOH printer, Hires graphics, I/case, 51500+ software, 53750. Bob Well publish Up tti 24 words (maximum) totally tree Conditions: Name and address plus phone Milutinovic, 5 cif charge for you, Cooper Avenue, Moorebank NSW your club or your association. Copy number (if required) must be Included within the 24 must with 2170. (02)601-4590 ah. be us by the 1st of the month preceding the words. Reasonable abbreviations, such as 25 W RMS month of issue. Please - please print or type or 240 Vac, count as one word. Adverts must relate to - FOR SALE: Exidy Sorcerer 32K with $300 worth of adverts clearly, otherwise it may not turn out as you electronics, audio, communications, computing etc - software for $1200. Phóne Victor (03)44-4436. Intended! Every effort will be made to publish all general adverts cannot be accepted. adverts received; however, no responsibility for so Send your advert to: SORCERER: Save BASIC variables to tape doing is accepted or implied. Private adverts only will ETI Mini -Mart, Modern Magazines (also Load) Z=USR(SV[UNIT] rvariable name>) be accepted. We reserve the right to refuse adverts 15 Boundary St, Also LV and execute Monitor commands. (e.g: printer considered unsuitable. Rushcutters Bay NSW 2011 ON/ OFF). 57.00 cass. 18 Essington St, Flagstaff Hill, SA. (08)270-2940. AUDIO, MISCELLANEOUS OSI SUPERBOARD 8K RAM, 5 amp power supply, software. Am upgrading to disk. $300.00 ono. Ed Pinder SANSUI AU417 DP/DC integrated amplifier, FOR SALE: Full rolicagé, Datsun 1600 - cost (063)37-5303, P.O. Box 603, Bathurst NSW superb 2795. specifications, dc -200 kHz, 70 W RMS/ch $310, sell $195. (047)39-1337 after 4 pm daily. (reviewed 115 W RMS), 12 months old, mint condition, DEVELOPMENT PAC sacrifice 5300 ono. (02)869-1840. WANTED: Service manual for JVC 4-channel for Sorcerer computer. As new, equipment. Tape deck, 1400U, amplifier MCA-7VE, complete with manual and improvement AUSTRALIAN TAPE RECORDING CLUB: Make CD4-disc demodulator 4005. Will photostat or pay software, $110. Ring (02)633-4915 atter hours. friends all over Australia through the hobby of for photostats. Contact Michael Neep, 17 Fraser tape recording. For information about our club, St, Launceston Tas. 7250. (003)31-5454. SELL: Quality West German 240 V Cerement write to Bill Skillman, P.O. Box 147, Kogarah 2217. CCTV. HF/RF and direct video output, positive or negative. Not quite working but is repairable. SELL: Memorex teletype terminal, box new FOR SALE: CLEF TS -88 electronic piano (partly parts Working S -inch B/W monitor to suit. Best offers. inc. fans, electros, heatsinks, diecast built). 4-channél mixer & 10 watt amplifier, all boxes, (03)598-5679. 4 x 6CA7 valves, suit micros. going at $450 ono. (062)47-3096, or write P. Cheap offers or swap for DEC VDU. Norm, (03)534-1192. Weckardt, B.8 F4 Allawah Flats, Braddon ACT WANTED: Home computer, any type considered. 2601. Not necessarily In working order. P.O. Box FOR 68, SALE: Musicoiour Mark 3 with 6 lamps on Aspley Old. 4034. boards and all 240 V cabling, Also QUAD ELECTROSTATIC speakers, two pairs, 580. ETI-505 hi -power strobe, $20. (03)584-9012. perfect condition, bargain S1950 (replacement SELL: TRS-80 Level 11,16K RAM recorder, monitor, Cost 55100). (07)225-6474, 225-7128, bus. hrs. Ask keyboard, all Tandy. Includes extensive range of ELECTRONICS MAGAZINES: for Dave Francis. Electronics Today, software. Best otter. Wayne Schmidt (054) 43- Practical Electronics, Electronics Australia, 1970- 0695, 5 Berry St, Moama NSW 2739. 1981. Approx. 170, lot $50. 19 Garner St, SELL: Akai GX-620 RTA Vdeck as new, 5375 ono. Dromana Vic. 3936. (059)87-1244. Connoisseur BD-2A t/table whh Empire 2000 E/ SINCLAIR ZX80 with 4K and BK ROM, assorted 111 cartridge, 5125 ono. Geoff Willson, 15 Hirt Ave, programs, special modifications and ZX80 and SPECTRUM ANALYSER TGL Murray Bridge SA. (085)32-4597. - SA102, 1-500 MHz ZX81 manuals. Almost new, 5260. (03)232-6410. range, all solid-state. 516$0 + tax. Ideal for WANTED transmitter, receiver maintenance, performance TO BUY: Sony TC377 reel to reel tape RCA COSMAC VP -111 microcomputer, almost testing. (08)271-5412 (bh); (08)381-7419 deck. Price and condition to Ray Ivins, 23 Jindivick (ah). brand new, up and running with manuals. Paid St. Jindalee Old. 4074. 5160, sell $90. Phone Tim, Perth (09)386-1666.

FOR SALE OR SWAP: Sileron BD turntable, Iústre COMPUTERS SELL: ZX-80, BK ROM, 4K ROM, 16K RAM, arm, mounted in wood cabinet, good condition. cassettés, manuals, etc, worth over $500, sell 1/9 Scenery St, Gladstone Old. 4680. WANTED: MEK 6800 02 or MEK 6802 05 kit, in 5400. Lutheran School, Waikerie, SA (085)41-2344 working order complete with manuals. Built or or (085)41-2375 ah. (Ric Kube.) SPEAKERS: ETI-4000 woofers, 12", 5135; 7" unassembled. (09)367-3404. midrange, $30; KEF B139, $180; B200, 585; T15, APPLE TWO PLUS: Colour monitor, 48K RAM, 540; PRIVATE SALE: Memorex STC, $30 per pair, hew. (03)470-3171. keyboard/printer, suit- disk drive and software, 52600 ono. Phone able for use with micros, RS232 compatible, $700 (03)873-3820 after 7 pm Terry. ono. (07)280-2148, business hrs. SELL: 240/110 V 100 W transformer, 530. COMMUNICATIONS GAMES for HP calculators. 10 original programs Minisprite 80 mm 110 V cooling fan, 515. 5 V with listings and instructions for $5. SAE for de- 4 amp power supply (110 V inpüt), $60. All ex OSI tails and free WANTED: MOD 15 TTY. Must be fully working. program. 1/48 Carrington Rd, computer. W. Geary, 83 Second Ave, Rossmoyne Waverley 2024. Handbook and/or information required but not NSW 6155. (02)45T-8809. essential. Will pay any reasonable price. (02) 669-1302, Mon-Thur, after 700 pm, ask for Simon. COPYRIGHT: The contents of Electronics Today International and associated publications is fully protected by the Commonwealth Copyright Act (1968). Copyright extends to all Written WANTED: HF SSB transceiver, frequency cover- material, photographs, drawings, circuit diagrams and printed cIrcuk boards. Although any form of reproduction is a breach of copyright. we are not concerned about age 2-15 MHz. Operate on 12 V dc. Suitable to use individuals constructing projects for their own private use. nor by pop groups (for example)constructing one or more items for use in connection with their performances. on marine band. Any condition. Price & particu- Commercial organisations should note that no project or part project described in Electronics Today International or associated lars, phone Adrian, (004)24-1006. publications may be offered fof sale. or sold. In substantially or fully assembled form, unless a licence has been specifically obtained so to do from the publishers. Modern Magazines (Holdings) Ltd or from the copyright holders. WANTED: Circuit diagram and any other Inform- ation LIABILITY: on the Gemtronix GTX-36 23 -channel CB Comments and test results on equipment reviewed refer to the particular Item submitted for review and may not necessarily pertain to radio. WIN pay reasonable price. Contact David other units of the same make or model number. Whilst every effort has been made to ensure that all Wilkinson on (03)469-3171. constructional projects referred to in this edition will operate as indicated efficiently and properly and that all necessary components to manufacture the same will be available no responsibility whatsoever is accepted in respect of the failure for any reason at all of the project to operate effectively or at all whether due to any fault In design or otherwise and no responsibility Is accepted for the failure to ICOM 22S, mint condition, hardly used, 5270. obtain any components parts In respect of any such project. Further, no responsibility is accepted in respect of any injury or Mobile aerials, $30. Sanwa EM 300 damage electrotester, caused by any fault in the design of any such project as aforesaid. The Publisher accepts no responsibility for unsolicited manuscripts, $50. Phone George, (03)687-6778. illustrations or photographic material.

148 - December 1981 ETI Sñsú follows -up thewidély acclaimed:3uperFéedfórwrd System with:.yet another breakthrough.

The Super Feedforward System is a remarkably . redices or eliminates all types of distortion, nót just effective amplifier circuit developed by Sansui and harmonic or switching or TIM. first introduced last year,in the widely acclaimed We're confident that you won't find smoother of AU -Dl l and AU -D9. purer sound at any price. Sansui, a leader in audio Combining a standard negative feedback loop engineering for 35_years. with an error -correction feedforward circuit, it successfully reduces to the very threshold of measur- AÚ -D33: 50 watts/ch., min. RMS, @,8 ohm`s, 20 to ability all types of distortion-including all traces 20,000Hz with'no more than 0.004% T.H. distortion. of switching, crossover and TIM` - AU -D22: 35 watts/ch., min. RMS,,@ 8 ohms, 20 to So how is Sansui improving on this? Easy. We're 20,000Hz with no more than 0.006% T.H. distortion. c introducing two new competitively-priced Super TU -S33: FM Sérvo-Lock tuning system for drift-free Feedforward amplifiers, models AU -D33 and reception. AU -D22, along with a matching tuner, model TU -S33. This technological breakthrough means that now TlON' DISP(%TtS anyone can put together a stereo system built around o a versatile, high-performance Super Feedforward amplifier. g9 We invite you to compare the distortion c4_0 , r figures of either amp against any others y . on the market. And when -you do, .<4> that Süper Feedforward , remember ' i

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. ..r.t ....

® ...., 11.1.11 $1,111 tU tili I 11111 DGo, o ,. TU -S33

11.40 ® u...0 , ...no. AU -D33

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J D 0 AU -D33 (Alsovailable in black finish)

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SANSUI ELECTRIC CO., LTD. 14-1 lzumr 2,chome, Suginaau-ku, Tokyo 168 japan VANFI (AUST.) PTY. LTD. 297 City Ro3'd, South Melbourne, Victoria 3205, Australia Tel: 690-6200 283 Alfred Street, North Sydney, N.S.W. 2060, Australia Tel: 929.0293

1 i QO J[1] review The Sansui SE -8 graphic equaliser/analyser An innovative solution to a common acoustic problem - equalisation. This unit "... comes closer to the amateur's expectation of a panacea than anything else ... yet seen in the market place." Louis Challis

IT IS OFTEN perplexing how many frequency response of the filter curve so the real time octave or one-third octave pieces of equipment developed for produced. There are today, needless to band analyser were often used together laboratory use over the last two decades say, many hundreds of graphic to perform the function of frequency have found their way into the consumer equalisers, some of which offer good equalisation and objective assessment. electronic market. Much of this equip- performance and a few exceptional They were always produced as separate ment may be treated as a gimmicky performance. pieces of equipment. approach to create a demand where Graphic display of power level none actually exists, but in certain Real time display settings or inputs has become the vogue cases it is practical equipment to truly I saw my first real time analyser about in certain high-priced amplifiers over assist the novice in areas which were twelve years ago. It consisted of a rather the last five years, generally in the form previously regarded as the domain of large cathode ray tube display unit of a graphic display using light emitting the professional. seated on top of a large box of diodes. One such piece of equipment has electronics, with the combined height in One innovative model, which aimed unquestionably been the graphic excess of 800 mm, a weight something at achieving the same result with a equaliser; another has been the real in excess of 50 kg and a cost tag sitting combined spectrum analyser, was time spectrum analyser. When the two somewhere round about $12 000, which released earlier this year by Sansui in are combined in one instrument they was a lot of money in those days! This their B77 amplifier. Not surprisingly, have the potential to become a truly equipment was designed for acoustic when this unit hit the market I effective and useful tool to assist in one's research and was highly regarded by borrowed an example from the local day by day work or play with audio most of the competing manufacturers. Sansui agents (Vanfi) to evaluate in our equipment. It did not take long for the high laboratory. It has reposed there for some I saw my first equaliser about 18 fidelity industry, and most particularly six months now, during which time we years ago in the form of a one-third the recording segment of that industry, have made use of its special merits and octave band spectrum shaper for use to realise the benefits that such a device its now well -proven attributes. The with laboratory set-ups to measure could provide. The greatest benefits electronics that went into producing the vibration. That particular piece of were achieved in the frequency equali- real time analysis feature of that equipment was developed by General sation of electro -acoustic systems and particular amplifier have formed the Radio, and provided a very effective for checking the frequency character- basis of the Sansui SE -8 Octave Band means of frequency equalisation as part istics of studios. This could be carried Graphic Equaliser. By combining a of a dedicated piece of equipment for use out with great ease and practicality and well -proven real time analyser design with a military environmental test set so the need, benefit and advantages of into a box containing two octave band up. It featured such innovative extras as producing lower cost versions of the equalisers Sansui has, in our opinion, a key locking system, to stop some same equipment were realised. These achieved a positive breakthrough in unwanted person from changing the versions had less restrictive para- graphic equaliser design. predetermined spectrum shape (many meters, lower performance and home equalisers could do well to incor- generally much lower price tags. By porate a similar feature to hold knob - reducing the quality and accuracy of the twiddling children at bay!). filter networks it soon became possible In the following ten years many to produce devices that used even consumer electronics firms have seen simpler displays and yet still provided the benefit of this linear spectrum adequate performance for equalising an display approach, which provides an electro-acoustic system, measuring the optical analogue of the filter frequency overall performance of the resulting V II1I1IIIII1I1II1IIIIII11INN1-t} curve. By selecting octave band centre system, and more importantly for frequencies the simplest and yet most equating the objective parameters with The first equaliser I ever saw was this 1 -octave convenient graphical display is super- one's subjective requirements. band spectrum shaper made by General Radio. It imposed on one's interpretation of the Obviously, the graphic equaliser and featured key -locked controls. 150 - December 1981 ETI IA" St 8 c . a

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'one' to tape recorder 'two' at the output. RMS, which indicates that this unit The SE -8 On the rear of the unit, stereo pairs of would readily be used as a high-level The SE -8 stereo graphic equaliser, RCA -type coaxial sockets are provided equaliser, feeding directly into power which is available in black or silver for input, for record and playback for amplifier output stages without brushed satin fascia versions, contains tape recorder 'one', record and playback distress. Another outstanding feature is the two equaliser sections on both sides for tape recorder 'two', and output the hum and noise level, which is -99 of a central spectrum analyser unit. sockets for left channel and right dB unweighted, relative to the 1 volt Each of the graphic equalisers contains channel respectively. The unit is output, and a phenomenal -110 dB(A) the conventional slider controls for fabricated from steel and ís well made. relative to that same level. octave band centre frequencies of 32 Hz, The inside of the unit contains one The transient intermodulation dis- low, less 63 Hz, 125 Hz, 250 Hz, 500 Hz, 1 kHz, 2 large 'mother' board, with the equaliser tortion is also extremely being kHz, 4 kHz, 8 kHz and 16 kHz with a control circuitry for left channel and than 0.01% with the standard 3.15 kHz genuine ±12 dB range. These controls right channel all located together on one square wave and 15 kHz sine wave may be set so that any individual filter side of the board. This features thirteen mixed in a four -to-one ratio. can achieve a nominal ± 12 dB setting integrated circuits, its own power The separation between channels is relative to the zero setting, or +24 dB supply stage on the left hand side of the extremely good, and the highest level relative to the -12 dB setting, if a range board, and a protection circuit at the that is fed through from channel one to adjustment greater than 12 dB is rear. The selector stage for switching channel two (left to right or right to left) required. between the stages of the unit are all is at a -71 dB level at 20 kHz when Thus, for example, if all the controls placed in the middle of the board. compared with the fundamental in the are placed at -12 dB and one or more Immediately above the front of this main channel. controls requires a boost of up to 24 dB, board the real time spectrum analyser this is acceptable and is a feature of the display and control board are located. basic design. The plasma display is directly wired In the centre of the display panel is a onto this board and is mechanically window, behind which is a ten -band protected by additional metal covers. spectrum analyser with a 21 dB total There is still enough space left within display range with eight steps, each of 3 the module to accept a medium sized dB. The analyser uses a bright blue power amplifier, as well as various plasma display with an exceptionally types of preamplifier. One really rapid response and yet far more modest wonders if the whole of the unit could cost than that provided by either a LED not have been effectively reduced in size display or the far more costly cathode to achieve a neater and more compact ray oscilloscope type of display. The product. ::11 plasma display is perfectly suited for the task and performs very well. On test R_-_ L" In the quadrant immediately below The objective testing of the unit proved the plasma display are two rows of to be an eye-opener. The frequency controls, with the top row providing a response is extremely flat, extending power on/off switch, an uncalibrated from 2.5 Hz at the lower frequency limit at 3 dB analyser level setting potentiometer to beyond 100 kHz the upper - ..-- _ _ --_ -._ the tone control centred). . and tape monitor switches for tape one, point (with tape two or source. The bottom 'row of With one volt input (and one volt controls contains a spectrum analyser output) the distortion figures are switch for left channel, right channel or exemplary, being less than 0.008% at peak hold on the left. On the right hand 100 Hz, less than 0.007% at 1 kHz and side is a graphic equaliser defeat switch 0.01% at 6.3 kHz. At the rated nominal or ON switch and a recording switch. maximum output of 4 volts these figures This recording switch should be used only increase slightly to a still satis- when a signal coming in at the input is factory value of less than 0.02% at 100 to be re -equalised before being set to Hz, 0.015% at 1 kHz and 0.016% at 6.3 either tape recorder 'one' or tape kHz. The maximum output voltage at recorder 'two', or from tape recorder clipping point is a phenomenal 59 volts A real-time analyser - expensive! ETI December 1981 - 151 urn review

a a ap. % r,. ór1 Louis A Challis _. J I. °'. a Louis A Challis _ . a m.. eta ' aeaaelaeFnta an derbMnee.e.l.,e..y._1St_. 0 MHe..r - Looter LeF..S:-111_.le 0. 000.0 .ilig-aa,sce o... .o+v ,. Se eB M«,... RmtS Lome* ape areº'.. w W. Spew-121.-eaVeee ~1 (. .Z5 -v : r..^ _. 1 r SAMSUI SE--e 1 J 4AMSUI . SE -E1 EAIAL2SEe MOALISE. .I 00 L rqu.11e.r Contrails .,1. . Not.. One-third Maximum Oct... and band .ly.l.-100 "411&A. . Minimum .S M,1i (.e 1 volt Setting. `J-.11 output/ 1 Line Input 0 Line Input (Short -110 .0.5V .5 ;a inn. circuited) PMc Equaliser Control. Flat - .15 -120

Date, 4.10.81 Date, 4.10.01 ISO 1000 5000 10000 200 p4 w 50 100 200 1000 2000 WOO Moo IOC (lel]a, 'anal .. e.eF,lent... 0 1 Zero l. To hear equalisers). There can be no denying may not, in the end, be a true panacea, The objective tests were positively that octave band equalisers are not the but it offers a more innovative solution impeccable, but we were keen to see how most refined means of achieving spec- and more other practical features than the unit would perform in subjective tral balance adjustment, but for the almost any other piece of equipment tests. Anybody who has ever tried to use majority of residential situations and that has yet been produced that is not a a graphic equaliser knows that without within the scope of what the majority of professional spectrum analyser effective metering or monitoring instru- amateurs are looking for, it provides the combined with a professional graphic mentation facilities it is hard to tell by best compromise between cost and equaliser. ear alone whether one has really performance. In listening to programme achieved the optimum balance setting. content, equalising tape recorders and SANSUI GRAPHIC EQUALISER TYPE SE -8 The difference between this unit and adjusting the spectral balance of signals Dimensions: 430 mm wide, 130 mm high, others currently available is that it is feeding to loudspeakers of less than 277 mm deep. Weight: 4.4 kg able to provide a direct visual assess- perfect performance, I found that the Price: $499 rrp ment of what has been achieved. This Sansui SE -8 Equaliser comes closer to Manufactured: In Japan by Sansui Electric may be on either real programme the amateur's expectation of a panacea Company Ltd. content or alternatively using a than anything else I have yet seen in the Distributed by: Vanti (Aust.) Pty Ltd, 297 City Rd, South preferred broadband electronic white marketplace. Melbourne Vic. 3205. (03) noise test signal. By monitoring the Whilst the equipment can equalise 690-6200. input or output of the signal displayed out the majority of problems (but not Absolute copyright In this review and on the octave band plasma display you all) in amplifiers, tape recorders and accompanying measurements Is owned by can see directly what the characteristics loudspeakers, I did not find that it is Electronics Today International. Under no are and take the appropriate corrective capable of providing perfect correction circumstances may any review or part thereof be reprinted or incorporated in any reprint or used in action (within the physical and for room acoustics or room standing any advertising or promotion without the express practical capabilities of the octave band waves (eigen tones). The Sansui SE -8 written agreement of the Managing Editor.

MEASURED PERFORMANCE OF SANSUI GRAPHIC EQUALISER SE -8 S.N. 831070624

HARMONIC DISTORTION: TRANSIENT INTERMODULATION DISTORTION: Very low: less than (A) (At Rated level of 4 Volts output) 0.01% (3.15kHz square wave 100Hz IkHz 6.3kHz and 15kHz sine wave mixed 4:1) NOISE & HUM LEVELS:

2nd -76.7 -91.6 -88.6dB re I Volt output) LINE -99dB (Lin) -110d13(A) 3rd -80.2 -77.1 -76.4dB MAXIMUM OUTPUT VOLTAGE AT CLIPPING POINT: 4th -85.7 -dB 59 V RMS 5th -88.0 -dB FREQUENCY RESPONSE:

THD. 0.019 0.014 0.016% (-3dB re I Watt, O.5V Input to Aux) Equaliser Tone Controls Centred (B) (At I Volt output) Left 2.5Hz to> I00kHz 100Hz 1kHz 6.3kHz Right 2.5Hz to> 100kHz SENSITIVITY: 2nd -83.5 -84.1 -81.3dB Left Right 3rd -89.2 -96.1 -85.4dB (controls flat) LINE GAIN Ode GAIN OdB 4th -94.8 - -9I.7dB ' INPUT IMPEDANCE: Left Ri t 5th -dB LINE 32k Il 32k0

THD 0.0077 0.0064 0.01% OUTPUT IMPEDANCE: 480 ohms (@ IkHz)

152 - December 1981 ETI The audio experts REACH FOR are raving about RALMAR... the ' nétíc ,F"teld Arnplí ier IMPROVE YOUR CONNECTIONS!

., Magnetic Field Power M W « CARVER M-WO HIGH QUALITY AUDIO LEADS i Ralmar have the most comprehensive range of audio leads. All popular fittings plus most of the not so popular ones. 54 Different leads to make better M-400 Magnetic Field Amplifier connections. "Its distortion and noise levels are entirely negligible ... it's hardly conceivable that a small, inexpensive lightweight cube such as this could deliver as much clean power as any but a few of the largest conventional amplifiers on the market." INTERCOMS That's what Julian Hirsch reported in Stereo Review about the Carver M-400-the unique magnetic field power amplifier. It's a cube that weighs around 4 kgs and delivers 200 watts per chanhel. And costs a lot less than you think. Equally startling, the M-400 can safely drive speaker -load impedance as low as 2 ohms. And ih mono it can deliver more than 500 watts into an 8 -ohm load, with peaks to 900 watts! (Bring on

digit8l audio! 1 More popular than ever. Simple why all the audio experts To hear.f or yourself two station intercoms or 20 over Carver, ask for a demonstration have flipped semi -private models. De- and descriptive literature. It will be a totally new station experience for you. signed to suit domestic and busi- ness situations.

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ETI December 1981 - 153 Don't tell me ... it's Edison's original gramophone!

i L-

Say it again, Sam Amateur radio 'field days' are regular events on radio club 1t1 calendars. Generally they're for getting together and having fun with various competi- tions, etc, looking at trade displays, selling/buying junk - all with the object of raising money for the club. . It is traditional at ham radio field days . 7,411,`` to include a few 'events' to amuse the ladies - generally referred to as YLs or XYLs (all this is horribly sexist - never become involved with a ham ... Ed's wife). Topping the list of ladies' events at every field day is the 'Ladies Radio - Throwing Contest'. A little something to relieve the frustrations of playing second fiddle to the transceiver, no doubt. This time-honoured event appeared on the agenda of a certain club field day attended by the Editor recently. To advise competitors of impending events, áhd to broadcast announce- ments, etc, the club had organised á PA system and had rostered various anhouncers. 1 Came the appointed time for the Ladies Radio -Throwing Competition. An announcement was duly made, but, it seems, the response was not immediate so another announcement was made. It seems this tbo was missed (or likely, ignored) by the populace. At this stage, for one reason or another, the announcer appeared to become somewhat flustered. He was IT'S SOME TIME since we had (... if you'll pardon the pun). You start doubling -as events scorekeeper as well computer cracks in these columns, so out with a 'core' and build out your and he was attempting to record the it seems appropriate to launch Dregs FORTH as you go - new instructions results of the previous event, which had this month with a software joke only are added as - you use it. FORTH run late, and start the next-the Ladies it's more irony than joke. defines new instructions in terms of Radio -Throwing Competition. The latest computer language to existing instructions and a huge The next announcement came out storm the bastions of the software branch network multiplies from the as the "Radio Ladies-Throwing computerists (now there's a buzz- 'core'. Competition ..." and he was swamped word for you!) is called 'FORTH'. Which Bible character is alleged to. with entrants all men, wanting to FORTH is to be - reputed not only have said "... go forth and know where the cunningly ladies were for devised but powerful to boot multiply ..."? throwing!

154 - December 1981 ETI SONY THE ONE AND ONLY

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The stereo headphone represents perfect stereo reproduction. As well as receiving sound through your ears, you appear to receive sound from above your head. This added dimension in sound is stereo. Of course, anyone can get this sound from any good stereo radio cassette recorder if they listen through stereo headphones. But, at JVC, we realised it was impractical to wear stereo headphones all the time. So we invented a new kind of sound system just for our stereo radio cassette recorders. The Biphonic System. This exclusive system offers 3 -dimensional sound effects, so you enjoy true stereo reproduction without headphones. If you'd like to know more about the many inno- vations JVC has brought to the stereo radio cassette recorder, write to us for a brochure, or call in to any JVC dealer. Then you'll see why JVC equipment is recognised as The State of the Art JVC

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