Cambridge University Press 0521543924 - The Army of Flanders and the Spanish Road, 1567-1659: The Logistics of Spanish Victory and Defeat in the Low Countries’ Wars - Second Edition Geoffrey Parker Index More information
Index
Aalst (Alost, Belgian town) Alva, Don Fernando Alvarez´ de Toledo, mutineers at, third duke of (–), sacked, , governor-general of the Netherlands accommodation for troops and the Army of Flanders, –, , on the march, –, – , in the Netherlands, , –, career of, , , Acuna,˜ Don Lope de (d. ), leads finances of, , –, , , , , expedition along the Spanish Road –, n in , – fig. , fig. , , government of the Netherlands, –, , n , , –, –, – age of troops in the Army of Flanders, march to the Netherlands (), , , –, and n , , , , , and Aire-sur-le-Lys, capture of (), Plate n , and no. , and n , , Alameda, Alonso de, contador of the Army and n , , , , of Flanders (–), military dress, Albert, Archduke of Austria, opinions quoted, , , , , n , governor-general (–) and –, , , , sovereign ruler (–)ofthe American colonies, Europe’s, xiv n , Netherlands career, , , , a motive for the Low Countries’ Wars, government and opinions of, n , , –, , , , n , , n , treasure from used to finance the Low , , Countries’ Wars, , – Albornoz, Juan de, secretary of state and see also individual colonies war in the Army of Flanders Amiens (French town), siege of (), , (–), , Plate Alenc¸on, Franc¸ois (d. ), duke of Antunez,˜ Manuel, maestre de campo and invades the Spanish Netherlands, , poet, Antwerp (Belgian town) threatens Spanish Road, fairs of, , , n Alsace, Habsburg dominion mutiny of Spanish troops at (), occupied by France (), fig. , , , , , –, recruiting ground for Spain, , , , strategic importance to Spain, , , sackof(), , use of Spanish language in,
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Index Antwerp citadel bandes d’ordonnance, Netherlands cavalry, capture, See also cavalry mutinous garrison of, n , , , bandits, and recruiting, – , , , Bar, dukes of, see Lorraine Aragon, rebellion of (), barracks, – Aragon,´ Don Francisco de Mendoza bastion (military fortification), –, fig. , (–), Admiral of, Plates , mayordomo mayor of the battles in the Low Countries’ Wars, , – Archdukes and military Baume-les-Dames (town in commander, , n Franche-Comte),´ experience of the arbitristas, Spanish reformers in the reign of Spanish Road, – Philip III, Benavente y Benavides, Don Cr´ıstobal de, Ardres, mutiny at, veedor general of the Army of Armendariz,´ Captain, n Flanders and councillor of Philip IV, Aremberg, Jean de Ligne (–), count , of, Benero, Hilario de, paymaster-general of armies the Army of Flanders (– and abuses by, –), artistic depiction, Bentivoglio, Cardinal Guido, nuncio and Dutch, , , n historian, English, , Berg, Count Henry van den, commander of French, , , the Army of Flanders (–), Imperial, , – n , , Swedish, –, , –, Bergen-op-Zoom (Dutch town), sieges of, arms and armament of the troops, , –, () ;() , –, , , Berlaymont, count, regiment of, n , Arras, Treaty of (), artillery, use of, , , Bern, Swiss canton, , Arundel, see Howard, Thomas Berwick-on-Tweed (English town) asiento system of the Spanish empire, barracks of, – n – fortifications of, , Plate Axpe, Don Mart´ın de, secretary of state and Besanc¸on (Imperial Free City in war in the Army of Flanders Franche-Comte),´ experience of the (–), Spanish Road, , , , , Aytona, Don Francisco de Moncada, ‘Fairs’ of, n , n marquis of, acting governor-general billeting, see accommodation of the Netherlands (–), –, Biron, Marshal, , n , Bobadilla, Don Francisco de, maestre de campo, , Baggage, see transport for the troops, Bohemia, revolt of (–), , baggage Bommelerwaard (Netherlands island Bahia (Salvador, Brazilian port), between Waal and Maas) recaptured from the Dutch (), mutiny at, , , , Spanish occupation of (), , ; Baltic, Dutch-Spanish rivalry in, (),
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Index booty, , – camp-followers of the Army of Flanders, Bormio (town in the Valtelline), Spanish , –, fort constructed at (), captain, commander of an army company Botero, Giovanni, political theorist, , power over his men, –, , –, Boyle, Roger, baron Broghill, military , – writer, recruiting methods, , , Braudel, Fernand, historian, captain-general of the Army of Flanders Brazil, Dutch, , and mutineers, – bread, army (pan de munici´on), – office-holders, –, Breda (Dutch town) powers, , – Dutch Republic captures (), Cardinal-Infante, Don Fernando, brother of peace talks at (), , – Philip IV and governor-general of Spain captures (), ;(), , the Netherlands (–), –, , , , , Spanish garrison of, and n Carnero, Alonso, contador of the Army of Breisach (town in Alsace), Flanders (– and –), Breughel, Pieter, artist, n , Breuil, Carlos de, chaplain-general, n Carnero, Antonio, contador (–) and bridges in the early modern period, – historian of the Army of Flanders, British and Irish soldiers in the Army of n , Flanders Castaneda,˜ Don Sancho de Zu´niga˜ y demobilization of, Monroy, marquis of, councillor of desertion, Philip IV, – military corridors of, – Castel Rodrigo, Don Manuel de Moura y numbers, , Cortereal, marquis of, recruitment of, , , governor-general of the unit organization of, Netherlands (–), value, of, Castellanos, Cristobal´ de, contador of the British soldiers in the Dutch army, Army of Flanders (–), Brussels, mutiny at, Castrofuerte, Marquis of, councillor of bullion, movement and importance of, , Philip IV, , –, Casuso Maeda, Luis de, contador of the Burgundy, see Franche-Comte´ and Charles Army of Flanders (–), the Bold n , Catalonia, revolt of (–), C¸abala, Domingo de, secretary of state and Catholic Church, see papacy, clerical war in the Army of Flanders services and religion (–), cavalry in the Low Countries’ Wars, –, , Cadiz (Spanish port), English attack, , –, , n , Calais (French port), Cedrellas, Bartolome,´ soldier, Calais, mutiny at, Centurione, Ottavio, financier, Calderon,´ de la Barca, Pedro playwright, Centurione, Vizente, financier, Callot, Jacques, artist, Cerralvo, Marquis of, governor-general camarada, see comradeships designate of the Netherlands Cambrai, mutiny at, (–),
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Index Cervantes Saavedra, Miguel de company, army unit, –, –, –, (–), Spanish writer, , – , , comradeship (camarada) in the Army of Channel, English, as military corridor, , Flanders, –, –, –, – contador of the Army of Flanders Chapeaurouge, Franc¸ois de, Genevan duties, diplomat, , office-holders, – chaplains in the Army of Flanders, , contadur´ıamayor de cuentas, audit office of , –, –; see also religion the Castilian exchequer, –, Charles II, king of England, Scotland and contributions-system in the Netherlands, Ireland (–), – Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor (–) council of Flanders, and king of Spain, council of state, , , , , n , financial legacy of, , , opinions of, , council of war in the Netherlands, Charles VIII, king of France (–), council of war in Spain, n , , , Charles IX, king of France (–), – Crespi de Valdaura, Cristobal,´ Charles the Bold of Burgundy, duke Crevecoeur` fort, mutiny at, n , , (–), , Chatelet,ˆ mutiny at, crime in the Army of Flanders, , –, Chezery,´ val de (Valserine, in Savoy), link between Rhoneˆ and Cruickshank, Charles, historian, Franche-Comte,´ , , Cruso, John, military writer, children see Spanish soldiers in the Army of Curiel, Geronimo´ de (d. ), Spanish Flanders, families of factor at Antwerp and Paris, Chile, xiv n Cigogna, Juan Andrea (d. ), Davila,´ Sancho, superintendent of contributions in Davison, William, the Netherlands – and ‘debauchers’, agents paid to entice soldiers –, , from one army to another, – Civil Wars, English (–), decrees of bankruptcy (decretos), orders Clark, Sir George, historian, suspending payments from the Cleves-Julich,¨ German duchies of Castilian treasury strategic importance, , fig. , mechanism of, – succession struggle (–), – in , , , – clothing, military, see uniform in , , – Coignet, Michel, cartographer, in , Cologne, war of (–), , in , Coloma, Don Carlos (–), Delgadillo, Hernando, Spanish commissary, ambassador, military commander n , n and historian, , , n , demobilization, – , n , n depositario general, ‘public trustee’ for the Coloma, Pedro, contador of the Army of Army of Flanders (after ), Flanders (–), desertion, , , –, –
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Index Deventer (Dutch town) engineering in the early modern period fortifications of, , Plates and civil, – siege of (), military, –, Diest (Belgian town), mutinies at England in –, , , foreign policy of, , –, in –, , , military practice, , n , in –, , , , see also British soldiers discipline in the Army of Flanders enterprisers, military, see military in mutinies, , , –, , contractors – entretenidos (staff officers) in the Army of in the ranks, , , –, –, Flanders, –, for senior personnel, – Epinal´ (town in Lorraine), experience of the disease in the Army of Flanders, , , Spanish Road, n , , n Ernest, Archduke of Austria (–), distance, problem of, , , governor-general of the domino theory of strategy, – Netherlands, Doria, Juan Andrea, n Escobedo, Juan de (d. ) secretary of Doullens, mutiny at, state and war in the Army of Downs, battle of the (), , Flanders, , Drake, Sir, Francis, – ´etape system, –, drill, n , Dunkirk (Channel port mostly controlled fairs of exchange, –, , n by Spain until ), , , families of soldiers, see Spanish soldiers, fleet of, families of garrison of, Fawkes, Guy, soldier in the Army of mutiny at, Flanders and Gunpowder Duplessis-Mornay, Philippe, French conspirator (), Huguenot writer, , Ferdinand, Archduke of Styria and later Dutch Republic, see United Provinces (–) Holy Roman Emperor, , , –, Eguigerem, Ascencion´ de, contador of the Feria, duke of, n , n , n Army of Flanders (–), Fernandez´ de Navarrete, Pedro, Spanish Eguiluz, Mart´ın de, Spanish soldier and arbitrista, military writer, finance, public, during the Low Countries’ electo, leader of a mutiny, – Wars, , , –, –, El Greco, see Theotocopoulos, Domenikos –, , – Elizabeth I, queen of England (–), Finglas, Thomas, ‘debaucher’, , , , fleets Empire, Holy Roman Dutch, , , –, , , , opposition to invasion by Spanish troops English, – (), French, Spanish intervention in (–), Huguenot, – Ottoman, used as military corridor by Spanish Spanish, , –, –, troops, –, , , Spanish Netherlands,
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Index Fourquevaux, Raymond de Beccarie de Gembloux, battle of (), , Pavie (–), sieur de, military Geneva, city and republic of writer, n Spain and, –, n France and the treaty of Lyon (), army of, , , , Genoa, city and republic of Spanish deserters and, financiers of, , Spanish intervention in, – strategic importance to Spain, , , and the Spanish Road, , –, , gentlemen-rankers (particulares), war with Spain, , , , Plate , , importance of, –, –, , – George III, king of England (–), Franche-Comte´ of Burgundy soldiers from, , , , German soldiers in the Army of Flanders Spanish Road in, –, – (figs. , , demobilization of, , –, ), , desertion of, strategic importance of, , military corridors of, , Francis I, king of France (–), mutinies of, Franciscan Order, in Spanish Netherlands, recruitment of, , , , , , troop size, , , , fraud in the Army of Flanders unit organization of, – by captains, –, value of, by clerical staff, –, wastage of, , – control of, – Germany, see Empire, Holy Roman Frederick V, elector palatine and (–) Geyl, Pieter, historian, and n ‘winter king’ of Bohemia, , , Ghent (Belgian town), see also Palatinate mutiny at,, , freebooters, operations in the Netherlands, Pacification of (), , Giron,´ Don Fernando, Spanish soldier and Fronsberg, Count, regiment of, councillor of Philip IV, , Fuentes, Don Pedro Enr´ıquez de Guzman,´ Gresin,´ see pont de Gresin´ Toledo y Azevedo, count of, Grimmelshausen, H. J. C. von, novelist, governor-general of the Netherlands Granvelle, Cardinal Antoine Perrenot de (), –, –, n , (–), adviser of Philip II, Fuentes fort, at the mouth of the Valtelline, –, , , n , Grave (Dutch town), mutiny at, Galaretta, Francisco de, secretary of state Graz, Treaty of (), , and war in the Army of Flanders ‘great rivers barrier’ idea (in the (– and –), Netherlands), and n Galaretta Ocariz, Mart´ın de, secretary of Gregorian Calendar, adopted by the Army state and war in the Army of of Flanders in , Flanders (–), Grisons, the league of Protestant garrisons in the Low Countries, , , , landowners controlling the , south-eastern corner of modern Gayangos, Balthasar de, contador of the Switzerland, –, – Army of Flanders (–), Grol, siege of (),
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Index Groningen (Dutch town) Hohenems, Count Hannibal von, German reconciliation with Spain (), military enterpriser (d. ), captured by Dutch (), , Holland (province of the Netherlands), guerilla warfare in the Low Countries’ mutiny of Spaniards in, –, n , Wars, –, –, n , fig. , Guerra de la Vega, Gonzalo, contador of the Spanish plans to burn or flood, Army of Flanders (–), see also United Provinces Gunpowder Plot (), n , Holstein, Adolph duke of, Gustavus Adolphus, king of Sweden Honnecourt, battle of (), (–), , , , Hoogstraten (Belgian town), mutiny at, , Gutierrez,´ Alonso, n n , , hospitals, military, – Haarlem (Dutch town) horses, , ; see also cavalry mutiny at (), , , Howard, Thomas, Lord Arundel, siege of (–), , , Hugo, Herman, chaplain and writer, Hainaut (Belgian province), , n Huguenots, French, Hal (Belgian town), centre for wounded attack Spanish shipping, , veterans, threaten the Spanish Road, , Hale, Sir John, historian, Hundred Years’ War between England and Hamont, mutiny at, n , , France, n , harvests Low Countries, , , , Ibarra, Don Diego de, inspector-general of Spain, , , the Army of Flanders (–), Hauser, Henri, historian, Ibarra, Esteban de, secretary of state and Heiligerlee, battle of (), war in Madrid and Brussels, Henr´ıquez de Castro, Don Diego, n , n , , paymaster-general of the Army of Ibarra, Francisco de, commissary-general of Flanders (– and –), the Army of Flanders (), Henry, king of Portugal (–), Ieper (Ypres: Belgian town), siege of, Henry III, king of France (–), Ijzendijk fort, mutiny at, Henry IV, king of France (–) Indies (Spain’s overseas empire), government of, , , , , , see American colonies inspector-general, see veedor general Spain and, –, , , , , ‘Invincible Armada’, see Spanish Armada Herenthals, mutiny at, Irish soldiers, see British and Irish soldiers Hernani, Diego de, contador of the Army of Isabella Clara Eugenia, Infanta, regent in Flanders (–), the Netherlands (–), , , Hexham, Henry, soldier and lexicographer, n , , –, – Isendijk fort, mutiny at, n , high command of the Army of Flanders, Italian soldiers in the Army of Flanders structure and powers of, –, demobilization of, , , , desertion of, Hinojosa, Marquis of La, n military corridors of, , histories of the Low Countries’ Wars mutinies of, , written by officers, recruitment of, , , ,
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Index troop size, , , , , Lens, battle of (), unit organization of, Lepanto, battle of (), , value of, Leyva, Don Sancho Mart´ınez de, n , Italy importance to Spain, , , , –, Liege` (Luik) prince-bishopric of, –, Lier, mutiny at, , , , Spanish rule in, , ligue of French Catholics, –, and Spanish support, , , , Jesuit Order in the Spanish Netherlands, Lira, Don Juan de, paymaster-general of the Army of Flanders (–), , Jews, Sephardic, – n , John of Austria, Don, natural son of Charles Lixalde, Francisco de, paymaster-general of V and governor-general of the the Army of Flanders (–), Netherlands (–), , , , , –, n , n , , , n , , , , Lombardy, see Milan John Jose´ of Austria, Don, natural son of London Philip IV and governor-general of first peace of (), , the Netherlands (–), second peace of (), , Joinville, Treaty of (), Londono,˜ Don Sancho (d. ), Spanish juros, government bonds issued by the soldier and military writer, n , Castilian treasury, , , , n Lons-le-Saunier (French town), Kerpen fort, mutiny at, Lope de Vega Carpio, Felix (–), Kortrijk (Belgian town) playwright, , capture of, Lopez´ de Aliri, Juan, visitador and contador mutiny at, , fig. , n , (–) of the Army of Flanders, n , La Chapelle, mutiny at, n , , Lopez´ de la Cueva, Balthasar, secretary of Lannoy, Don Fernando (d. ), nobleman state and war in the Army of of Franche-Comte´ Flanders (–), maps of, – Lopez´ de Ulloa, Thomas, prepares the duke of Alva’s march, , paymaster-general of the Army of , n , n Flanders (– and –), Laloo, Alonso de, n , n , languages in the Low Countries, – Lopez´ Hierro de Castro, Don Sebastian,´ Lastur, Juan de, paymaster-general of the paymaster-general of the Army of Army of Flanders (– and Flanders (), n , –), Lorraine, duchy of La Torre, Don Diego de, secretary of state French occupation of, and war in the Army of Flanders Spanish Road and, –, , fig. (–), strategic importance to Spain, , , Lausanne (Swiss town), , Lorraine, dukes of, and Spain, , – Laws of War, losses of troops, see wastage Leiden (Dutch town), siege of (), , Louis XIII, king of France (–), , ,
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Index Lutheran troops, Medina Celi, Don Juan de la Cerda, duke Luxemburg (Belgian province), of, governor-general designate of mutiny in, the Netherlands (–), , Lyon, League of (), Medina del Campo (Spanish town), ‘Fairs’ Lyon, peace conference and treaty of at, , (), – medio general, see decrees of bankruptcy Melo, Don Francisco de, governor-general Maastricht (Dutch town), sieges of, (), of the Netherlands (–), , ;(), –, mutiny at, Mendieta, Tomas´ de, paymaster-general of Macchiavelli, Niccolo,` Florentine writer the Army of Flanders (–), and politician, , – Mendoza, Bernardino de, Spanish soldier, Mancicidor, Juan de, secretary of state and diplomat and writer, war in the Army of Flanders Metz, city of, French enclave in Lorraine (–), , (after ), opposition to Spain’s Manrique, Don Antonio, tercio of, , military movements, Mex´ıa, Don Agust´ın, Spanish soldier and Mansfelt, Count Charles of (d. ), councillor of Philip IV, , , commander of the Army of Mex´ıa, Don Ambrosio, Spanish colonel, Flanders, Milan, Spanish duchy of, –, , –, Mansfelt, Count Peter-Ernest de, governor-general of the military careers, –, Netherlands (–), , military contractors, –, , , –, , , Mantua (Italian duchy), disputed military corridors, see military movements succession to (–), military dress in the Army of Flanders, , maps in the early modern period, –, –, Plate – figs. –, Plate military justice in the Army of Flanders march, military, speed of, –, exercise of, –, , n , , –, marriage of troops in the Army of Flanders, , , – officers of, Martigny (town in Switzerland), military leave, , Masi, Cosme, secretary of state and war in military life, quality of, , –, the Army of Flanders (–), –, , –, Plate , military movements Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor (–), cost, itineraries: land, , –; Mayenne, Charles of Lorraine, duke of, sea, , –, – leader of the French Catholic ligue, numbers involved, – problems: political, –, ; practical, Mechelen (Belgian town) – sackof(), speed, , –, Spanish military hospital at, , ‘military revolution’ concept, medicine, military, in the Army of Flanders, military treasury, see pagadur´ıa –, militia, used by the Army of Flanders,
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Index mobilization of the Army of Flanders, Navarrete, Juan de, paymaster of the –, artillery (–) and contador Mondoucet, Claude de, French diplomat, (–) of the Army of Flanders, , n , n , Mondragon,´ Cristobal de (–), Navarro Burena, Dr Antonio, secretary of Spanish military commander, , state and war in the Army of , n Flanders (–), Mons (Belgian town), siege of (), , , navies, see fleets , – Nervese,` Pierre de, Captain, n Mook (Netherlands town), battle at () Netherlands, Spanish , , finances of, –, Moran,´ Isidro, secretary of state and war in geography, – the Army of Flanders (), government of, – Netherlands soldiers in the Army of Moriensart, Lord, minister of state, Flanders moriscos, rebellion of (–), , , demobilization of, mutinies of, , mutinies, , , , , – recruitment of, , , demands of, , , troop size, , in the Army of Flanders, , , , unit organization of, –, , , , , –, value of, , – wastage of, in the Dutch army, –, n , , Nevers, Charles of Gonzaga, duke of, – New Model Army, in England, in the French army, n Nieuwe Tijdinghe (Antwerp newspaper), in the Swedish army, – Nieuwpoort, battle of (), , , motives, – protocols, – Nonsuch, Treaty of (), punishment, , , –, , ; Nordlingen,¨ battle of (), – see also military justice in the Army Nunez˜ Saravia, Juan, banker, n of Flanders Olave, Pedro de, paymaster-general of the Naples, Spanish viceroyalty Army of Flanders (–), , contributions to the Low Countries’ Olivares, Don Gaspar de Guzman´ Wars, (–), count-duke of, Spanish troops’ love of, favourite and chief minister of Philip Nassau, Louis count of (d. ), , , IV, –, , , , , , n , , , O’Neill, Henry, Irish colonel, Nassau, Maurice count of (d. ), , Oquendo, Don Antonio de (–), Spanish admiral, , n , , Nassau, William count of, see Orange, William of Nassau, prince of Orange, William of Nassau (–), national feeling in the Army of Flanders prince of, stadholder of Holland and strength of, Zealand, , , , , , , weakness of, , ,
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Index Ossorio, Garc´ıa, contador of the Army of ‘Pays de Waes’, mutiny in, Flanders (–), Paz, Pedro de, maestre de campo, n , Ostend (Belgian town), Spanish siege of , (–), , peace in the Low Countries, proposals for, Ottoman Empire, and Spain, , –, , , , –, , , , –, Oudenaarde, mutiny at, Philip II, king of Spain (–) Oxenstierna, Axel, Swedish Chancellor, finances of, , –, , , foreign policy towards Oxenstierna, Gabriel, – England, , – France, , –, pagadur´ıa, military treasury of the Army of Geneva, Flanders Germany, – as deposit bank , – Netherlands, , –, , , receipts of, , , fig. , , –, , fig. , fig. , fig. , government of, fig. , fig. , fig. , opinions quoted, , –, fig. , fig. , , , – religious beliefs, – Palatinate, Rhineland state and the Spanish Road, – and Cleves-Julich¨ succession, Philip III, king of Spain (–), , invaded by Spain (), – , – strategic importance of, , Philip IV, king of Spain (–), papacy, , , , ; see also religion finances of, Parma, Alessandro Farnese, prince and later foreign policy of, – duke of, governor-general of the opinions of, , n , , , Netherlands (–) n , , –, and the Army of Flanders, , , p´ıcaro, rise of the, – –, – Piedmont, duchy of, see Savoy career of, , , , , , plague finances, , , , effects on recruiting, government of, , , , , , in Spain, , spread by troops, , opinions quoted, , , , spread by others, Parma, Margaret of Austria, duchess of, plunder, see booty regent of the Netherlands Polwiller (Polweiler), Baron Nicolas von (–), , , (d. ), grand bailiff of Alsace patriotism, and German military enterpriser, Pavia, peace of (), , pay in the Army of Flanders, –, , pont de Gr´esin, bridge over the Rhone,ˆ , –, –, , , , –, , n , Plate Pont-sur-Sambre (French town), mutiny at, paymaster-general of the Army of Flanders , , , office of, , – Pontarlier (town in Franche-Comte)´ office-holders, – experience of the Spanish Road, , see also pagadur´ıa
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Index Portugal Requesens y Zu´niga,˜ Don Luis de conquest of (–), (–), governor-general of the financiers of ( onwards), , Netherlands revolt of (–), , career of, , , , Prada, Andres de, secretary of state and war and contributions-system, in the Army of Flanders (–), government of the Netherlands, , – prisoners of war, , , , horses of, prostitutes in the Army of Flanders, opinions quoted, , n , , , provisioning, military , , n , , , on the march, – rewards for soldiers, –, –, , in the Netherlands, –, , Richardot, Jean (d. ), minister of the see also ´etapes Brussels government, n , , Pyrenees, peace of the (), , , , n Richelieu, Armand-Jean du Plessis, Cardinal-Duke of Richelieu quarter, granted to prisoners, – (–), , quarters, quartering, see accommodation Rijnberg, mutiny at, Queralt, Don Luis de, maestre de campo, roads in the early modern period, –, n , , Roberts, Michael, historian, , n Quevedo, Francisco de (–), author, Rocroi, battle of (), –, – n Rodr´ıguez Alva, Cristobal,´ Spanish soldier Quiroga, Gaspar de (–), and poet, Cardinal-Inquisitor of Spain and Rodrigues de Malvenda, Pedro, banker, councillor of Philip II, n Roermond, mutiny at, Raleigh, Sir Walter (d. ), English Romero, Julian,´ (–), Spanish military explorer and historian, commander, , , , ransoming prisoners, , , Roose, Pieter (–), minister of the recruiting methods of the Army of Brussels government, Flanders, –, , Rubens, Sir Peter Paul, artist, ‘reformation’ Ruiz, Simon,´ banker, suppressing jobs, , , Ru´ız de Pereda, Don Gaspar, veedor general suppressing payments, of the Army of Flanders (–), suppressing units, – regiment, army unit, –, –, – Saarbrucken,¨ religion Saavedra, Don Fernando de, captain, in the Army of Flanders, –, –, n –, n , , – Sailly, Thomas SJ, chaplain, a motive for the war, , , –, St Andre´ fort, mutiny at, n , , , , , St Claude (town in Franche-Comte),´ see also chaplains St Jean de Maurienne (town in Savoy), Religious Orders and the Army of Flanders, St. Pol, mutiny at, – St Truiden (Belgian town),
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Index Salamanca, Geronimo´ de, banker, n sieges, –, , , , , , , –, Salamanca, Don Miguel de, secretary of , , –, , , , , state and war in the Army of Flanders (–), Simancas, archives of, Saluzzo, marquisate of, n , , , Simplon Pass, , first Alpine tunnel in (), Sluis, mutiny at, San Juan, Pedro de, secretary of state and Spain war in the Army of Flanders financial position of, –, –, (–), – passim Sanchez´ de Bahamonde, Diego, electo, military organization, , , , – n national ‘device’, and n Sandoval, Hernando de, staff officer, policy in the Netherlands, –, , –, santelmos, false soldiers at muster, –, –, – Santa Clara fort, mutiny at, n , and sea-power, , –, Santa Isabella fort, mutiny at, see also Philip II, III, IV Santesteban, Gabriel de, paymaster-general Spanish Armada (–), , , , of the Army of Flanders (– Spanish language, use in Netherlands, and –), n , – Savoy, duchy of Spanish Road French occupation of, , , artistic depictions, , Plate and Geneva, described, –, – Spanish Road in, –, , fig., , number of troops using, , – , Plate Spanish soldiers in the Army of Flanders and the treaty of Lyon (), brutality by, Savoy, Charles Emmanuel, duke of families of, , , , (–), , –, –, demobilization of, – n and Italy, Savoy, Emmanuel-Philibert, duke of life of, –, , , (–), , military corridors of, – Schenck, Martin, military enterpriser mutinies of, , , , – (k. ), numbers, , –, , , , , , Sea Beggars, the, , –, Sebastian, king of Portugal (–), recruitment of, , , –, –, , secretaries, military, see clerical services relations with the Netherlanders, secretaries of state and war of the Army of – Flanders, – unit organization of, , , , Serbelloni, Gabrio, military engineer, value of, , n , , wastage of, –, – service-money (servicio de casa, servitiegeld) Sp´ınola, Ambrosio (–), banker and paid by civilians to troops, , maestre de campo general of the ’s Hertogenbosch (Dutch town) Army of Flanders taken by the Dutch (), , commands expeditions to the besieged (), Netherlands, –, , , , , Spanish garrison of, ,
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Index military achievements and opinions, , Toledo, Don Fadrique de (d. ), son of , n , , , –, , the duke of Alva and commander of – the Army of Flanders, n , Sp´ınola, Don Gaston, count of Bruay, , maestre de campo, Toul, French enclave in Lorraine (after Sp´ınola, Lorenzo, banker, n , ), , Stanley, Sir William (–), English Tournai (Belgian town in Belgium), colonel in Dutch and Spanish towns captured by the Army of Flanders, service, –, ; see also names of States-General, see United Provinces individual towns Strasbourg, transport for the troops’ baggage, –, strategy in the early modern period, – treaties, see name of treaty Struzzi, Alberto, soldier and designer of Tribunal de la Visita, toy-soldiers (), –, n Tribunal de las cuentas de Flandes (–), Suleiman, Ottoman Sultan (–), Tromp, Maarten Harpertszoon, Dutch Sully, Maximilian de Bethune´ (–), admiral, – duke of, chief adviser of Henry IV of tunnel, first Alpine (), France, n , Plate Turkish empire, see Ottoman Empire Swedish troops, see armies, Swedish Twelve Years’ Truce, –, , , , Swiss Confederation political neutrality of, , , , , debate over, , , pro-Spanish Catholic cantons, debate over renewal of, , see also Grisons, Valtelline Tyrol, Habsburg dominion, recruiting Swiss infantry, ground of the Army of Flanders, , Tassis, Juan Bautista de, Spanish soldier and diplomat, n , n , n Ugarte, Hortuno˜ de, paymaster-general of Tellier, Michel le, French secretary for war, the Army of Flanders (–), n ‘Tenth Penny’, tax imposed on the Unceta, Mart´ın de, paymaster-general of Netherlands (), – the Army of Flanders (– and tercio, military unit, , , , , , , –), n , n , n , tercio of Sardinia, ‘reformed’ in , – uniforms, see military dress tercio viejo de Lombard´ıa, ‘reformed’ in ‘Union of Arms’ scheme (–), , , United Provinces of the Netherlands (the Terranova, Duke of, n Dutch Republic) testaments of soldiers, , – costs of war to, –, , Theotocopoulos, Domenikos (El Greco) foreign support of, painter, fortresses, Thirty Years’ War in Germany (–), growth of, –, , , , – –, , – overseas trade of, , , Tienen (Tirlemont: Belgian town), and Spanish deserters, Tilly, Johan Tserclaes, Count of, and the Spanish Road, –,
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Index Urquina, Matheo de, secretary of state and Virginia, English colony in America, war in the Army of Flanders xiv n (–), Visita, government enquiry in the Utrecht (Dutch city), Netherlands –, Vitelli, Chiappino, marquis of Cetona Valdes,´ Francisco de, maestre de campo and (d. ), senior officer of the Army military writer, , of Flanders, , n Valdes,´ Jordan´ de, inspector-general, – n , wages of soldiers Valenciennes, mutiny at, in the Army of Flanders, , –, Valtelline, Alpine valley controlled by the – Grisons, , fig. , , , , in the Dutch army, n Vauban, Sebastien´ le Prestre de, French Wake, Isaac, English Ambassador, n , military engineer, Vazquez,´ Mateo, private secretary to Philip Wallenstein, Albrecht von (k. ), II, Imperial general, , , veedor general (inspector-general) of the Walloons, see Netherlands troops Army of Flanders Walter Zapata, Don Geronimo,´ office of, – paymaster-general (–) and office-holders, inspector-general (–)ofthe Veere (Dutch town), naval arsenal at, Army of Flanders, , n , Vega, Don Hernando de, president of the n , council of Finance, warfare in the early modern period Velada, Antonio Sancho Davila´ Marquis of, armies, size and composition of, , –, n , – – Velasco, Don Luis de, maestre de campo, battles, see under individual engagements n cost of, –, –, – Velazquez,´ Diego, artist, , methods of, – Velez´ de Guevara, Luis, playwright, ‘war-game’, made for prince Philip (IV) of Velez´ de Medriano, Geronimo,´ secretary of Spain in , –, n state and war in the Army of wartegeld (waiting money) system, – Flanders (–), wastage of troops in the Army of Flanders, venereal diseases in the Army of Flanders, – weapons see arms and armament of the Verdugo, Francisco (–), Spanish troops officer and historian, n , , Wedell, Antonio, paymaster-general of the n Army of Flanders (–), Vervins, peace of (), , Weert (Belgian town), mutiny at, fig. , victuallers, military, n , , , on the march, –, Williams, Sir Roger (d. ), English in the Netherlands, , soldier and military writer, , see also provisioning wills of soldiers in the Army of Flanders, Vieilleville, Marshal, –, – Vigenere,` Blaise de (d. ), French women in the Army of Flanders military writer, , marriage of, –
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Index numbers of, , Zichem (Belgian town), mutiny at, , paid ‘marriage allowance’, n , n , , , prostitutes, n , , , , Wright, Benjamin, English merchant Zierikzee, siege of (), engaged in shipping Spanish troops Zu´niga,˜ Don Antonio de, tercio of, , , to Flanders, – Wylkes, Thomas, Queen Elizabeth’s agent Zu´niga,˜ Don Baltasar de, Spanish soldier in the Netherlands, , and diplomat, , , , Zutphen (Netherlands town), capture of, Ysla, captain Hieronimo´ de (d. ), , n Zweibrucken,¨ dukes of,
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