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Manfreda Occidentalis (Agavoideae, Asparagaceae) a New Species from Western Mexico

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Manfreda Occidentalis (Agavoideae, Asparagaceae) a New Species from Western Mexico Phytotaxa 321 (1): 060–070 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) http://www.mapress.com/j/pt/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2017 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.321.1.2 Manfreda occidentalis (Agavoideae, Asparagaceae) a new species from western Mexico ARTURO CASTRO-CASTRO1, GUADALUPE MUNGUÍA-LINO2, PABLO CARRILLO-REYES3,4 & AARÓN RODRIGUEZ3,4,* 1Cátedras CONACYT–Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional, Unidad Durango (CIIDIR), Sigma #119, Fracc. 20 de Noviembre II, 34220, Durango, Mexico. 2Cátedras CONACYT–Universidad de Guadalajara, Laboratorio Nacional de Identificación y Caracterización Vegetal (LaniVeg), Camino Ramón Padilla Sánchez 2100, 45110, Nextipac, Zapopan, Jalisco, México. 3Laboratorio Nacional de Identificación y Caracterización Vegetal, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT), Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Camino Ramón Padilla Sánchez 2100, 45110 Nextipac, Zapopan, Jalisco, México. 4Herbario Luz María Villarreal de Puga, Instituto de Botánica, Departamento de Botánica y Zoología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Camino Ramón Padilla Sánchez 2100, 45110 Nextipac, Zapopan, Jalisco, México. e-mail: [email protected] *author for correspondence Abstract The genus Manfreda (Asparagaceae) contains 35 species. A species complex includes plants similar to M. gutttata, which are characterized by the protrusion of the ovary into the perigone tube. This feature was found in specimens recently collected in western Mexico. After a morphological analysis, we found that some of the plants differ from the other species in this complex. Hence, we describe a new species named M. occidentalis morphologically similar to M. planifolia but can be dis- tinguished from it by the oblong-ovoid corm, channeled leaves, which are papillate on both sides, perigone 1.8–2.5 cm long, funnel-shaped, yellowish and light purple striate, perigone tube 0.3–0.7 × 0.2–0.4 cm, filaments adnate to the perigone and arising 0.3–0.7 cm above the ovary apex, anthers 0.9–1.1 cm long, and style 2.1–3.5 cm long, exceeding the perigone tube by 1.8–3 cm at anthesis. Manfreda occidentalis also resembles M. chamelensis; however, phenologic asynchrony is a notable difference between them as well as the shape of the leaves and the length and shape of perigone tube and lobes. A distribution map, photographs, and a key to identify species of Manfreda which grow in western Mexico accompany the description. Resumen El género Manfreda (Asparagaceae) agrupa a 35 especies. Existe un complejo de especies que incluye plantas similares a M. guttata que se caracterizan por la protrusión del ovario en el interior del tubo del perigonio. Este carácter fue observado en algunos especímenes de Manfreda recientemente recolectados en el occidente de México. Después del análisis de estas plantas, notamos que no se asemejan a ninguna de las especies del complejo antes señalado. Por lo tanto, proponemos una especie nueva, M. occidentalis morfológicamente similar a M. planifolia, pero puede distinguirse de ella por su cormo ob- longo-ovado, hojas acanaladas y papilosas en ambas caras, perigonio de 1.8–2.5 cm de longitud, infundibuliforme, amarillo y púrpura estriado, tubo del perigonio de 0.3–0.7 × 0.2–0.4 cm, filamentos adnados al perigonio y surgiendo 0.3–0.7 cm por arriba del ápice del ovario, anteras de 0.9–1.1 cm de longitud, y estilo de 2.1–3.5 cm de largo, excediendo el tubo del perigo- nio por 1.8–3 cm en antesis. Manfreda occidentalis también se asemeja a M. chamelensis, sin embargo, existen diferencias entre ambas especies en la forma de las hojas y en la longitud y forma del tubo y lóbulos del perigonio. Además, existe una notable asincronía fenológica entre ambas. La descripción de la especie nueva es acompañada de un mapa de distribución geográfica, fotografías y una clave para la identificación de las especies de Manfreda que habitan el occidente de México. Key words: Agavaceae, El Tuito, reproductive isolation, savannoid vegetation, Sierra del Cuale 60 Accepted by Mario Martínez-Azorín: 16 Jun. 2017; published: 12 Sept. 2017 Introduction The genus Manfreda Salisbury (1866: 78) (Asparagaceae) includes 35 species of perennial herbs with mainly spicate inflorescences. The flowers are subtended by one bract and one or two bracteoles (Fig. 1; Table 1). However, two recently described species, M. paniculata Hernández-Sandoval et al. (2008: 170) and M. petskinil R.A.Orellana, L.Her. & Carnevali in Hernández-Sandoval et al. (2008: 173), develop paniculate inflorescences and flowers subtended by a single bracteole. Hernández-Sandoval et al. (2008) pointed out that these characters in the two species relate Manfreda to Agave Linnaeus (1753: 323). The natural geographic distribution of Manfreda extends from southeastern USA, throughout Mexico (except Baja California), and southwards into Honduras and El Salvador in Central America. All species, except M. fusca Ravenna (1987: 17), occur in Mexico. Western Mexico is one of the most species rich areas, with 13 species (Table 1, Fig. 2). Their habitats vary from moist to xeric and from cold to mild winters. The plants grow in open sun or partial to deep shade, often in oak-pine forest at an elevational range from sea level to 3,050 m. TABLE 1. Diversity and natural distribution of the genus Manfreda (Asparagaceae, Agavoideae). Species Distribution 1. M. brunnea (S.Watson) Rose Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Hidalgo, Zacatecas) 2. M. bulbulifera Castillejos & E.Solano Mexico (Guerrero) 3. M. chamelensis E.J.Lott & Verh.-Will. Mexico (Jalisco) 4. M. elongata Rose Mexico (Durango, Nayarit) 5. M. fusca Ravenna Guatemala (Chimaltenango, Comalapa) 6. M. galvaniae A.Castañeda, S.Franco & Mexico (Estado de México) García-Mend. 7. M. guerrerensis Matuda Mexico (Guerrero) 8. M. guttata (Jacobi & Bouché) Rose Mexico (Aguascalientes, Chihuahua, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Michoacán, Nayarit, Querétaro, San Luis Potosí, Sinaloa, Zacatecas) 9. M. hauniensis (J.B. Petersen) Verh.-Will. Mexico (Estado de México, Guerrero, Morelos, Oaxaca) 10. M. involuta McVaugh Mexico (Jalisco, Nayarit, Zacatecas) 11. M. jaliscana Rose Mexico (Durango, Jalisco, Michoacán, Nayarit, Sinaloa, Sonora) 12. M. justosierrana García-Mend., A.Castañeda Mexico (Guerrero) & S.Franco 13. M. littoralis García-Mend., A.Castañeda & Mexico (Guerrero, Oaxaca) S.Franco 14. M. longibracteata Verh.-Will. Mexico (Jalisco, Michoacán) 15. M. longiflora (Rose) Verh.-Will. USA (Texas); Mexico (Nuevo León, Tamaulipas) 16. M. maculata (C. Mart.) Rose Mexico (Estado de México, Guerrero, Oaxaca) 17. M. maculosa (Hook.) Rose USA (Texas); Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas) 18. M. nanchititlensis Matuda Mexico (Estado de México) 19. M. occidentalis Art.Castro & Aarón Rodr. Mexico (Jalisco, Nayarit) 20. M. paniculata L.Hernández, R.Orellana & Mexico (Campeche, Quintana Roo, Yucatán) G.Carnevali 21. M. parva Aarón Rodr. Mexico (Guerrero) 22. M. petskinil R.Orellana, L.Hernández & Mexico (Yucatán) G.Carnevali 23. M. planifolia (S.Watson) Rose Mexico (Chihuahua, Nayarit, Sonora) 24. M. potosina (B.L.Rob. & Greenm.) Rose Mexico (Coahuila, San Luis Potosí, Zacatecas) 25. M. pringlei Rose Mexico (Distrito Federal, Estado de México, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Michoacán, Morelos, Oaxaca, Puebla, Tlaxcala, Veracruz) 26. M. pubescens (Regel & Ortgies) Verh.-Will. Mexico (Chiapas, Guerrero, Morelos, Oaxaca, Puebla) ex Pina 27. M. revoluta (Klotzsch) Rose Mexico (Estado de México) 28. M. rubescens Rose Mexico (Jalisco, Nayarit) 29. M. scabra (Ortega) McVaugh El Salvador (San Salvador, Santa Ana, Sonsonante); Guatemala (Chimaltenango, Chiquimula, Huhutenango, Jalapa, Jutiapa, Quiché, San Juan Sacatepequez, San Marcos, Santa Rosa, Solola); Honduras (El Paraíso, Tegucigalpa); Mexico (Aguascalientes, Chiapas, Colima, Distrito Federal, Durango, Estado de México, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Michoacán, Morelos, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, Querétaro, San Luis Potosí, Veracruz, Zacatecas) ...continued on the next page MANFREDA OCCIDENTALIS, A NEW SPECIES FROM MEXICO Phytotaxa 321 (1) © 2017 Magnolia Press • 61 TABLE 1. (Continued) Species Distribution 30. M. sileri Verh.-Will. USA (Texas); Mexico (Tamaulipas) 31. M. singuliflora (S.Watson) Rose Mexico (Chihuahua, Durango, Jalisco, Sinaloa, Zacatecas) 32. M. umbrophila García-Mend. Mexico (Guerrero, Oaxaca) 33. M. variegata (Jacobi) Rose USA (Texas); Mexico (Hidalgo, Nuevo León, Puebla, San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas, Veracruz) 34. M. verhoekiae García-Mend. Mexico (Oaxaca) 35. M. virginica (L.) Salisb. ex Rose USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia); Mexico (Nuevo León, Tamaulipas) FIGURE 1. Floral and fruit diversity in Manfreda from western Mexico. A–B. M. occidentalis (A. Rodríguez et al. 5924, CIIDIR, IBUG, IEB, MEXU). C–D. M. chamelensis (A. Rodríguez et al. 4830, CIIDIR, IBUG, IEB, MEXU). E–F. M. elongata (A. Rodríguez et al. 4836, IBUG). G–H. M. guttata (A. Rodríguez et al. 4489, IBUG). I–J. M. involuta (A. Rodríguez et al. 4852, IBUG). K–L. M. jaliscana (A. Rodríguez et al. 4838, IBUG). M–N. M. longibracteata (A. Rodríguez et al. 4161, IBUG). O–P. M. rubescens (A. Rodríguez et al. 5787, IBUG). Q. M. planifollia (A. Castro-Castro
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