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Diplomarbeit DIPLOMARBEIT „Die Kunstfigur "Nerd" - eine Subkultur und ihre Darstellung im Film“ Verfasserin Andrea Torggler angestrebter akademischer Grad Magistra der Philosophie (Mag.phil.) Wien, 2011 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt: A 317 Studienrichtung lt. Studienblatt: Theater-, Film- und Medienwissenschaft Betreuerin / Betreuer: Univ. - Prof. Dr. Michael Gissenwehrer Inhalt 1. Einleitung...................................................................................................................... 1 2. Der Begriff „Nerd“ ..................................................................................................... 3 2.1. Etymologie des Begriffes Nerd ............................................................................. 9 2.2. Geeks und Nerds weltweit ................................................................................... 11 2.3. Dichotomie .......................................................................................................... 13 3. Soziologische Aspekte der Nerd-Identität .................................................................. 15 3.1. Männlichkeit und Sexualität ................................................................................ 15 3.2. „Oriental racism“ ................................................................................................. 17 3.3. “MaNchine” ........................................................................................................ 21 3.4. Ein bisschen “Asperger”? .................................................................................... 24 3.5. Schule und der „bad geek killer“ ......................................................................... 26 4. Geschichtlicher Teil oder der Nerd und die Technik .................................................. 30 4.1. Radiobastler und frühe Netzwerke ...................................................................... 30 4.2. Hacker ................................................................................................................. 32 4.3. Und dann kam das Internet… .............................................................................. 35 4.4. Fangemeinden ..................................................................................................... 38 4.5. Ein neuer Text und ein neues Zeitalter ................................................................ 40 5. Universum des Nerds.................................................................................................. 45 5.1. Science Fiction .................................................................................................... 45 5.2. Comics / Mangas / Anime .................................................................................. 48 5.3. Rollenspiele ......................................................................................................... 52 5.4. Computerspiele.................................................................................................... 54 5.5. TV-Serien ............................................................................................................ 58 5.6. Nerds als Gestalter .............................................................................................. 62 5.6.1. Grassroot creativity.......................................................................................... 62 5.6.2. Nerdcore – the smart side of HipHop .............................................................. 65 5.7. Fazit ..................................................................................................................... 68 6. Kultfilme der Nerds .................................................................................................... 70 6.1. Kultfilme nach Umberto Eco .............................................................................. 70 6.2. Convergence Culture Cult Movie ....................................................................... 73 6.3. Das Phänomen „Star Wars“ ................................................................................ 77 6.4. Mythos ................................................................................................................. 81 6.5. And it goes on… ................................................................................................. 85 7. Die Figur Nerd in Film und Fernsehen ....................................................................... 87 7.1. Wissenschaftler im Film ...................................................................................... 87 7.2. Die ersten Nerds .................................................................................................. 90 7.3. 1980er Jahre – der Aufstieg des Nerds ................................................................ 93 7.4. Der Nerd in TV-Serien ...................................................................................... 103 7.5. Der Nerd im Film der 2000er Jahre .................................................................. 115 7.5.1. Die totale Verlachung der Figur in der Tradition der 1980er Komödien ....... 116 7.5.2. Der Nerd als Superheld in einem neuen Text ................................................ 117 7.5.3. Der Triumph des Nerds – der neue Held ...................................................... 121 8. Fazit .......................................................................................................................... 125 9. Bibliographie ............................................................................................................ 129 9.1. Literatur ............................................................................................................. 129 9.2. Internetquellen ohne Autorenangabe ................................................................. 138 9.3. Filme.................................................................................................................. 140 9.4. Internetclips ....................................................................................................... 143 9.5. Abbildungen ...................................................................................................... 143 10. Anhang .................................................................................................................. 147 10.1. Abstract (deutsch) .......................................................................................... 147 10.2. Abstract (Englisch) ........................................................................................ 148 10.3. Danksagung ................................................................................................... 149 10.4. Curriculum Vitae ........................................................................................... 150 1. Einleitung Die folgende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit dem Image der Kunstfigur "Nerd" und ihrer Umsetzung in der medialen Welt von Kino und Fernsehen. Nerds haben sich heutzutage als eine zentrale Figur in der kulturellen Landschaft etabliert. Dies beweist nicht nur die Häufigkeit der kulturellen Produkte in denen sie vorkommen, sondern auch die zahlreichen medialen Diskurse in die sie eingebunden sind. In der US-amerikanischen Gesellschaft kennt man den Begriff und das damit verbundene Stereotyp schon seit einigen Jahrzehnten. Da sich das Informationszeitalter immer mehr entwickelt, und die US-amerikanische Kultur in diesem Bereich teilweise hegemonischen Charakter besitzt, schwappt dieses Konstrukt nun auch in den europäischen Kulturraum über. Spätestens seit dem Film "The Social Network" oder der beliebten Serie "The Big Bang Theory" wird der Nerd auch hierzulande immer bekannter. Dass der Begriff nicht mehr ins Deutsche übersetzt werden muss, bekräftigt seine immer fortschreitende Bedeutsamkeit noch zusätzlich. Diese beiden Texte haben wahrscheinlich am entscheidendsten zur Entstehung dieser Arbeit beigetragen. Mit dem Verfolgen der Nerd-Texte kristallisierte sich eine entscheidende Frage heraus, die auch die Grundlage dieser Arbeit bildet. Nerds bilden im Grunde das Fundament auf dem unsere derzeitige technophile Gesellschaft aufgebaut wurde. Man denke nur an den Raum, den Computer und andere elektronische Geräte in unserem Alltagsleben einnehmen. Ohne Nerds wie Bill Gates, Steve Wozniak oder Steve Jobs wäre die heutige Gesellschaft nicht dort wo sie ist. Trotzdem ist das Stereotyp Nerd stark negativ behaftet. Müsste sich das nicht auch ändern? Müsste die Figur nicht mittlerweile mit mehr Respekt dargestellt werden? Müsste ihnen nicht endlich der Stellenwert zugesichert werden, den sie auch verdient hätten? Basierend auf einer Diskursanalyse soll nun versucht werden diese Fragestellungen zu thematisieren. Die Schwierigkeit lag dabei darin, dass der Nerd aufgrund seiner ironischen Darstellung auch auf dem wissenschaftlichen Gebiet nicht ernstgenommen wird. Man scheint seinen Stellenwert in der Kulturlandschaft noch nicht anzuerkennen. Aus diesem Grunde gibt es auch nur sehr wenige Auseinandersetzungen mit dem Stereotyp, geschweige denn eine Abhandlung über die Figur im Film. Am präsentesten ist der Nerd in soziologischen Studien zur Cliquenbildung an amerikanischen Highschools. Die erbrachte Leistung der Arbeit liegt daher im Zusammentragen verwandter Themen aus anderen Disziplinen wie 1 z.B. Psychologie, Soziologie und Online-Kultur. Diese mussten dann auf das Konstrukt Nerd übertragen werden. Das Schwierigste daran war wahrscheinlich, einen popkulturellen Diskurs um eine Kunstfigur in eine wissenschaftliche Arbeit
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