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BERNAL-THESIS-2020.Pdf (5.477Mb)
BROWNWOOD: BAYTOWN’S MOST HISTORIC NEIGHBORHOOD by Laura Bernal A thesis submitted to the History Department, College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS in History Chair of Committee: Dr. Monica Perales Committee Member: Dr. Mark Goldberg Committee Member: Dr. Kristin Wintersteen University of Houston May 2020 Copyright 2020, Laura Bernal “A land without ruins is a land without memories – a land without memories is a land without history.” -Father Abram Joseph Ryan, “A Land Without Ruins” iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First, and foremost, I want to thank God for guiding me on this journey. Thank you to my family for their unwavering support, especially to my parents and sisters. Thank you for listening to me every time I needed to work out an idea and for staying up late with me as I worked on this project. More importantly, thank you for accompanying me to the Baytown Nature Center hoping to find more house foundations. I am very grateful to the professors who helped me. Dr. Monica Perales, my advisor, thank you for your patience and your guidance as I worked on this project. Thank you to my defense committee, Dr. Kristin Wintersteen and Dr. Goldberg. Your advice helped make this my best work. Additionally, I would like to thank Dr. Debbie Harwell, who encouraged me to pursue this project, even when I doubted it its impact. Thank you to the friends and co-workers who listened to my opinions and encouraged me to not give up. Lastly, I would like to thank the people I interviewed. -
City of League City
CITY OF DICKINSON MITIGATION PLAN CITY OF DICKINSON 07/2017 City of Dickinson Office of Emergency Management 4000 Liggio St Dickinson TX 775393 281-337-4700 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction........................................................................................................................................ 1 Authority .....................................................................................................................................1-2 Purpose and Need ........................................................................................................................... 2 Scope ............................................................................................................................................. 2 Section I The Planning Process ....................................................................................................... 3 Overview of the Plan Update ........................................................................................................3-4 Mitigation Planning Committee (MPC) ............................................................................................4-5 Public Participation .......................................................................................................................... 6 Announcement of Hazard Mitigation Survey ...................................................................................... 7 Hazard Mitigation Survey Form .................................................................................................. -
0604830570Whartonfloodmitiga
March 28, 2008 AVO 22650 Texas Water Development Board P.O. Box 13231 Austin, Texas 78711-3231 Attention: Mr. Gilbert R. Ward, CPG, Hydrologist RE: Wharton County, Texas Flood Mitigation Plan Dear Mr. Ward: On behalf of Wharton County and the cities of East Bernard, El Campo and Wharton and the Wharton County Flood Mitigation Planning Committee, Halff Associates, Inc. is submitting five (5) copies and one (1) CD of the Wharton County Flood Mitigation Plan that has been formally adopted by Wharton County Commissioners Court and the City Councils of East Bernard, El Campo and Wharton. Building on the planning efforts funded by TWDB, Wharton County and participating communities have initiated several of the flood mitigation actions identified in the enclosed Flood Mitigation Plan: • Wharton County, the City of El Campo and LCRA have installed additional Elevation Reference Marks (ERM’s) in developing areas in Wharton County where no FEMA or NGS marks are located. • With TWDB Flood Protection Planning Grant funding, Wharton County has initiated the county-wide Drainage Master Plan and the San Bernard River Watershed Study. • The City of El Campo has initiated a Drainage Study to compliment the Wharton County Drainage Master Plan. • Wharton County and Matagorda County have begun a coordinated effort to address drainage problems on watersheds shared by the two counties. • The TCRFC has initiated planning efforts for the 5-year update of the TCRFC all-hazards Mitigation Plan that includes Wharton County. The Wharton County Flood Mitigation Actions identified in the attached Plan will be incorporated into the TCRFC all-hazards Mitigation Plan. -
Texas Hurricane History
Texas Hurricane History David Roth National Weather Service Camp Springs, MD Table of Contents Preface 3 Climatology of Texas Tropical Cyclones 4 List of Texas Hurricanes 8 Tropical Cyclone Records in Texas 11 Hurricanes of the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries 12 Hurricanes of the Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Centuries 13 Hurricanes of the Late Nineteenth Century 16 The First Indianola Hurricane - 1875 19 Last Indianola Hurricane (1886)- The Storm That Doomed Texas’ Major Port 22 The Great Galveston Hurricane (1900) 27 Hurricanes of the Early Twentieth Century 29 Corpus Christi’s Devastating Hurricane (1919) 35 San Antonio’s Great Flood – 1921 37 Hurricanes of the Late Twentieth Century 45 Hurricanes of the Early Twenty-First Century 65 Acknowledgments 71 Bibliography 72 Preface Every year, about one hundred tropical disturbances roam the open Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, and Gulf of Mexico. About fifteen of these become tropical depressions, areas of low pressure with closed wind patterns. Of the fifteen, ten become tropical storms, and six become hurricanes. Every five years, one of the hurricanes will become reach category five status, normally in the western Atlantic or western Caribbean. About every fifty years, one of these extremely intense hurricanes will strike the United States, with disastrous consequences. Texas has seen its share of hurricane activity over the many years it has been inhabited. Nearly five hundred years ago, unlucky Spanish explorers learned firsthand what storms along the coast of the Lone Star State were capable of. Despite these setbacks, Spaniards set down roots across Mexico and Texas and started colonies. Galleons filled with gold and other treasures sank to the bottom of the Gulf, off such locations as Padre and Galveston Islands. -
The Hurricane-Tornado
July 1965 John S. Smith 453 THEHURRICANE-TORNADO JOHN S. SMITH Weather Bureau Forecast Center, Chicago, 111. ABSTRACT Climatological data in recent years have become sufficient for the further study of tornadoes which occur in hurricane systems. Several characteristics of the hurricane tornado are determined from data for an 8-yr. period by plotting the center positions of each hurricane and its associated tornadoes. The data show: (1) a comparison betweenhurricane and non-hurricane tornadoes; (2) a “Significant Sector” fortornado-genesis; (3) a “Preferred Quadrant” of the hurricane for tornado-genesis; (4) the mostfavorable time of dayfor tornado occurrence; (5) tornado frequencies with,respect to various speeds and distances of the hurricane on and off shore; (6) a tenative hurricane model. 1. INTRODUCTION the “Preferred Quadrant.” Other significant patterns are established from the relationship of the tornado to the Although considerable research has been done on the hurricane. forecasting problemspresented byboth tornadoes and hurricanes, relatively little investigation has been made 2. GENERALCLIMATOLOGY intothe forecasting problems of tornadoesassociated with hurricanes. In this study of the hurricane-tornado Of 15 hurricanes that entered the United States from problem,a climatological analysishas been made by the Gulf of Mexico andthrough the Atlantic Coastal plottingthe center position of eachhurricane and its States, 11 produced tornadoes. Atotal of 98 tornadoes associated tornadoes. was produced during the period from hurricane Connie in August 1955, to hurricane Carla in September 1961. Of Recognition of hurricane tornadoes prior to 1955 was the hurricanes producing tornadoes, the average number apparently limited-unless therehas beensuddena of tornadoes per hurricane is 9, although hurricanes Audrey rash of hurricane-tornadoesin recent years, for since and Carla spawned more than 20 tornadoes each. -
Evaluating Inverted Siphons As a Means of Mitigating Salinity Intrusion in the Keith Lake/Salt Bayou System, Jefferson County, Texas
Evaluating Inverted Siphons as a Means of Mitigating Salinity Intrusion in the Keith Lake/Salt Bayou System, Jefferson County, Texas A report Submitted to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Gulf of Mexico Program Grant No. MX-96401704 Submitted March 2009 Dharhas Pothina and Carla G. Guthrie, Ph.D. Texas Water Development Board Surface Water Resources Division 1700 North Congress Avenue Austin, Texas 78711-3231 Table of Contents Table of Contents............................................................................................................................. i List of Tables .................................................................................................................................. ii List of Figures ................................................................................................................................iii Project Advisors............................................................................................................................. vi Executive Summary...................................................................................................................... vii 1. INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Background ..................................................................................................................... 1 1.2. Recent Threats and Mitigation Efforts............................................................................ 4 1.3. -
La Marque-Hitchcock Extension)
Documents Department Oldihoma State University Library =TEXAS CITY AND VICINITY, TEXAS (LA MARQUE-HITCHCOCK EXTENSION) LETTER FROM THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY TRANSMITTING A LETTER FROM THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, DEPART- MENT OF THE ARMY, DATED DECEMBER 16, 1966, SUB- MITTING A REPORT, TOGETHER WITH ACCOMPANYING PAPERS AND ILLUSTRATIONS, ON A REVIEW OF THE REPORT ON TEXAS CITY AND VICINITY, TEXAS (LA MARQUE-HITCHCOCK EXTENSION), HURRICANE FLOOD PROTECTION, REQUESTED BY A RESOLUTION OF THE COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC WORKS, HOUSE OF REPRE- SENTATIVES, ADOPTED MAY 10, 1962 a: NOVEMBER 29, 1967.-Referred to the Committee on Public Works and ordered to be printed with illustrations U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1967 86-965 0 . t6 1"X ?t CONTENTS Page Letter of transm ittal_- _----- --- _ -_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_--- _-_ - v Comments of the Bureau of the Budget_ vi Comments of the Governor of Texas____ vii Letter to the Governor of Texas______ viii Comments of the Department of the Interior- ix Letter to the Secretary of the Interior_______ xi Comments of the Department of Commerce_ xii Report of the Chief of Engineers, Department of the Army - 1 Report of the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors- 3 Report of the District Engineer: Syllabus ____-___________ 10 Introduction: Scope - __ _______ 11 Arrangement of report- 11 History of investigations_ 12 O ther reports -_ _-_-_-_-_-- - - -- 12 Authority for this investigation_ 12 Public hearing -_-_-_-_-_- 12 Improvements desired____ 12 Area description: General location and size- 13 Physical characteristics -
Salt Bayou Watershed Restoration Plan
SALT BAYOU WATERSHED RESTORATION PLAN Prepared by: Salt Bayou Marsh Workgroup May 2013 SALT BAYOU MARSH WORKGROUP MEMBERS Ducks Unlimited Jefferson County, Texas: Engineering Department Jefferson County Drainage District No. 6 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA): National Marine Fisheries Service: Habitat Conservation Division Restoration Center Texas General Land Office: Coastal Erosion Planning and Response Act (CEPRA) Program Natural Resource Damage Assessment Program Texas Parks and Wildlife Department (TPWD): Wildlife Division Coastal Fisheries Division Environmental Assessment, Response, and Restoration Program Texas Water Development Board: Coastal Water Resources Group U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Galveston District) U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS): McFaddin National Wildlife Refuge Coastal Program TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 5 DEVELOPMENT OF THE SALT BAYOU SYSTEM AND CURRENT STATUS ........ 9 Essential Functions ...................................................................................................... 10 SIGNIFICANT CAUSES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE ...................................... 15 History of Significant Anthropogenic Influences .......................................................... 15 Natural processes ......................................................................................................... 22 IMPACTS DUE TO ENVIRONMENTAL ALTERATIONS ........................................ -
Event-Based Climatology of Tropical Cyclone Rainfall in Houston, Texas and Miami, Florida
Article Event-Based Climatology of Tropical Cyclone Rainfall in Houston, Texas and Miami, Florida Jill C. Trepanier *,†,‡ and Clay S. Tucker ‡ Department of Geography and Anthropology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-225-819-6592 † 227 Howe-Russell-Kniffen Geoscience Complex, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA. ‡ These authors contributed equally to this work. Received: 30 March 2018; Accepted: 27 April 2018; Published: 3 May 2018 Abstract: Tropical cyclone (TC) rainfall amounts are compared from 1950–2017 for Houston, Texas and Miami, Florida to estimate the risk of TC rain in both cities. Following the wake of Hurricanes Harvey and Irma in 2017, concern has risen over the future of raininess in these locations. Per-event rainfall amounts are aggregated using tracks taken from HURDAT, time-of-rain gathered from National Weather Service daily weather maps, and rainfall totals taken from airport monitoring stations. Risk analysis tools include descriptive statistics, time series, and return frequencies for Houston and Miami, and spatially interpolated surfaces for Hurricanes Harvey and Irma. The season duration is longer in Miami than in Houston. The uppermost rainfall events in the distribution for Houston show a significant increase through time, suggesting the most intense rainfall events are becoming worse for Houston. The expected return frequency for a Harvey-like event (940 mm) in Houston is every 230 years, on average, and the 90th percentile rain of 286 mm is expected once every 17 years (11–29; 90% significance). The expected return frequency for an Irene-like event (261 mm—maximum for location) in Miami is every 173 years, on average, and the 90th percentile rain of 167 mm is expected once every 11 years (7–17; 90% significance). -
Characteristics of Tornadoes Associated with Land-Falling Gulf
CHARACTERISTICS OF TORNADOES ASSOCIATED WITH LAND-FALLING GULF COAST TROPICAL CYCLONES by CORY L. RHODES DR. JASON SENKBEIL, COMMITTEE CHAIR DR. DAVID BROMMER DR. P. GRADY DIXON A THESIS Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in the Department of Geography in the Graduate School of The University of Alabama TUSCALOOSA, ALABAMA 2012 Copyright Cory L. Rhodes 2012 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ABSTRACT Tropical cyclone tornadoes are brief and often unpredictable events that can produce fatalities and create considerable economic loss. Given these uncertainties, it is important to understand the characteristics and factors that contribute to tornado formation within tropical cyclones. This thesis analyzes this hazardous phenomenon, examining the relationships among tropical cyclone intensity, size, and tornado output. Furthermore, the influences of synoptic and dynamic parameters on tornado output near the time of tornado formation were assessed among two phases of a tropical cyclone’s life cycle; those among hurricanes and tropical storms, termed tropical cyclone tornadoes (TCT), and those among tropical depressions and remnant lows, termed tropical low tornadoes (TLT). Results show that tornado output is affected by tropical cyclone intensity, and to a lesser extent size, with those classified as large in size and ‘major’ in intensity producing a greater amount of tornadoes. Increased values of storm relative helicity are dominant for the TCT environment while CAPE remains the driving force for TLT storms. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my advisor and committee chair, Dr. Jason Senkbeil, and fellow committee members Dr. David Brommer and Dr. P. Grady Dixon for their encouragement, guidance and tremendous support throughout the entire thesis process. -
1956 Atlantic Hurricane Database Reanalysis – Sandy Delgado and Chris Landsea
1956 Atlantic Hurricane Database Reanalysis – Sandy Delgado and Chris Landsea Red indicates wind changes of 15 kt or greater Yellow indicates a deletion Green indicates a new entry Blue indicates lat/lon changes greater than 1º “Minor” intensity changes are less than 20 kt “Minor” position changes are less than 2 degrees Unnamed Tropical Storm 1 [June 12-15, 1956] – AL011956 39285 06/12/1956 M= 4 1 SNBR= 858 NOT NAMED XING=1 SSS=0 39290 06/12*220 915 25 0*225 913 30 0*231 912 30 1009*240 910 35 0* 39290 06/12*200 915 25 0*203 915 25 0*208 915 30 0*216 915 35 0* *** *** *** ** *** *** **** *** *** 39295 06/13*253 907 40 0*264 907 50 0*275 909 50 1004*290 908 45 0* 39295 06/13*230 915 40 0*251 913 45 0*275 909 50 1004*294 906 50 0* *** *** *** *** ** *** *** ** 39300 06/14*306 905 40 0*322 910 35 0*338 917 25 1006*347 928 25 0* 39300 06/14*310 906 35 1001*324 910 30 0*338 917 25 1006*345 928 25 0* *** *** ** **** *** ** *** 39305 06/15*349 933 25 0*352 938 20 0* 0 0 0 0* 0 0 0 0* 39310 TS U.S. Tropical Storm Landfall ------------------------------------- 06/13 17Z 29.1N 90.7W 50 kt LA Major changes to the track and minor changes to the intensity shown in McAdie et al. (2009). Evidence for these alterations comes from the NHC microfilm maps, the Historical Weather Maps series, the COADS ship database, Monthly Weather Review, the Local Climatological Data, Surface Weather Observations, Connor (1956), Navy reconnaissance book (ATSR), and Mexican synoptic maps. -
The Hurricane Season
128 MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW Vol. 92, No. 3 THE HURRICANE SEASON GORDON E. DUNN and STAFF* U.S. Weather Bureau Office, Miami, Ha. 1. GENERAL SUMMARY Sept,ember and October were very active hurricane months in the Tropics and subtropics. Nine tropical cyclones were observed in the Atlantic In July in the middle troposphere, the east coast trough, during the 1963 season and all but two were of hurricane especially from Hatteras southward, was stronger than intensity, although several were barely so. This is close normal and westerly winds at 500 mb. frequently prevailed to the normal number of ten which has been the average as far south as latitude 25' N. At sea level in the Atlantic, during the past three decades. Indeed, the storm of May the subtropical ridge was slightly west of, and about 5 mb. 30June 4 which developed in the southwestern Caribbean weaker than, normal near the Azores [I]. Tropical cyclone and resulted in heavy rains along the middle Atlantic activity did not begin until the last day of the month. coast as it moved northward was probably tropical during While the east coast trough at 500 mb. in August n portion of its history and might well have been included strengthened north of latitude 35' N., it weakened over in the list. Also there were a number of tropical depres- southern latitudes. At 700 mb., a mean negative height sions which never reached storm intensity. The majority anomaly of 120 ft. wits observed for the month near 20' of the tropical cyclones developed initially between the N., 50' W., with n positive departure of 210 ft.