CSIRO PUBLISHING Australian Journal of Botany, 2021, 69, 185–214 https://doi.org/10.1071/BT21007 Leichhardt’s ethnobotany for the eucalypts of south-east Queensland Roderick J. Fensham A,B AQueensland Herbarium, Mt Coot-tha Road, Toowong, Qld 4066, Australia. BDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. Email:
[email protected] Abstract. The explorer Ludwig Leichhardt travelled with Aboriginal people in south-east Queensland during 1843–44. Leichhardt’s record of Aboriginal taxonomy in Yagara, Wakka, Kabi, and other languages was related to the current taxonomy of the eucalypts of south-east Queensland. Most of the taxonomic entities could be associated across cultures and verifies the intimate understanding of Aboriginal peoples with tree species that are difficult to distinguish in the field. Leichhardt’s record together with that of Gairabau, a Dungidau man from south-east Queensland verifies a broad array of uses for eucalypts including as gum for chewing, dying, and medicine; ash rubbed into the skin for soothing young mothers, where bees, honey and wax can be found, hollow logs for fish-traps, hard timber for weapons and utensils, bark for shelter, canoes, embalming, and containers – some species contained water, others were used to create smoke for sending signals, some species indicated an unsuitable camp-site, and others indicated the likelihood of finding koalas and possum as game. Flowering and the shedding of bark are signs for the bush calendar. Keywords: Aboriginal language, Aboriginal languages, Ludwig Leichhardt, ethnobotany, eucalypts, First Nations Australians, indigenous, Indigenous names, taxonomy, south-east Queensland, Aboriginal people, Aboriginal peoples.