DOCSLIB.ORG

What Drives Speciation in Eucalyptus?

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
What Drives Speciation in Eucalyptus? Adaptive variation versus vicariance: what drives speciation in Eucalyptus? Susan Rutherford A thesis in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Evolution and Ecology Research Centre School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Science October 2017 i ii COPYRIGHT STATEMENT ‘I hereby grant the University of New South Wales or its agents the right to archive and to make available my thesis or dissertation in whole or part in the University libraries in all forms of media, now or here after known, subject to the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968. I retain all proprietary rights, such as patent rights. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of this thesis or dissertation. I also authorise University Microfilms to use the 350 word abstract of my thesis in Dissertation Abstract International (this is applicable to doctoral theses only). I have either used no substantial portions of copyright material in my thesis or I have obtained permission to use copyright material; where permission has not been granted I have applied/will apply for a partial restriction of the digital copy of my thesis or dissertation.' Signed ……………………………………………........................... Date ……………………………………………........................... AUTHENTICITY STATEMENT ‘I certify that the Library deposit digital copy is a direct equivalent of the final officially approved version of my thesis. No emendation of content has occurred and if there are any minor variations in formatting, they are the result of the conversion to digital format.’ Signed ……………………………………………........................... Date ……………………………………………........................... iii Eucalyptus regnans (commonly known as the ‘Mountain ash’) from Mount Field National Park, Tasmania. Eucalyptus regnans is the tallest flowering plant in the world reaching heights of 90–100 m (Photography: S. Rutherford). iv Statement of contribution of co-authors and declarations of permission to publish Chapters 2 to 5 of this thesis are stand-alone manuscripts that have been written for publication in peer-reviewed journals. Each chapter is self-contained including tables, figures, references and appendices. The terms, ‘we’ and ‘our’, are frequently used as each chapter has co-authors. Additional assistance is acknowledged at the end of each chapter. All photographs presented in the thesis are by S. Rutherford unless otherwise stated. Permission was obtained from V. Klaphake to use images in Klaphake (2012). The contributions by co-authors of each chapter are listed as follows: Chapter 2 Phylogenomics of the green ash eucalypts (Myrtaceae): a tale of reticulate evolution and misidentification Australian Systematic Botany (2016) 28: 326‒354 doi: 10.1071/SB15038 Authors: Rutherford S, Wilson PG, Rossetto M, Bonser SP This study was conceived by SR, PGW and MR. Leaf material for DNA and voucher specimens were collected by SR and PGW. DNA extractions and phylogenetic analyses were performed by SR with advice from PGW. SR wrote the manuscript and PGW, MR and SPB provided comments and guidance. All journals published by CSIRO Publishing (e.g. Australian Systematic Botany) allow authors to reproduce the Accepted version of their manuscript in a thesis with no embargo. v Chapter 3 Seedling response to environmental variability: the role of phenotypic plasticity in the evolution of Eucalyptus species A version of this chapter has been published in American Journal of Botany (2017) 104: 840-857 doi:10.3732/ajb.1600439 Authors: Rutherford S, Bonser SP, Wilson PG, Rossetto M SR, SPB and PGW developed the research questions. SPB and SR designed the study, SR and PGW collected seed and SR conducted the growth experiment. SR performed statistical and phylogenetic analyses, and wrote the manuscript. SPB, MR and PGW provided editorial advice and guidance on the manuscript drafts. After publishing an article in American Journal of Botany, authors reserve the right to use all or part of the article in compilations or other publications of the authors' own works. Chapter 4 Speciation in the presence of gene flow: population genomics of Eucalyptus species along altitudinal and latitudinal gradients in south-eastern Australia Authors: Rutherford S, Rossetto M, Bragg JG, McPherson H, Benson D, Bonser SP, Wilson PG This study was conceived and designed by SR and MR. DB provided advice on selection of study species. SR, PGW and DB collected leaf material for DNA analysis and voucher specimens. SR performed the DNA extractions and population genetic analyses with advice from MR, JGB and HM. JGB wrote codes for the analysis of large SNP datasets in R studio. SR wrote the manuscript with guidance from MR and PGW. SPB, JGB, HM and DB provided editorial advice on manuscript drafts. vi Chapter 5 From environmental niche modelling to phylogenetics and functional traits: understanding ecological specialisation and species diversification in Eucalyptus Authors: Rutherford S, Wilson PD, Wilson PG, Bonser SP, Rossetto M This study was conceived by all authors. PDW provided environmental data for analyses and an R script for calculating geographic range size in R studio. SR performed environmental niche modelling and data analyses with advice from PDW. SR wrote the manuscript and MR, SPB, PGW and PDW provided editorial comments on manuscript drafts. vii Acknowledgments I have been fortunate to have three very good supervisors during my research: Stephen Bonser (UNSW), Maurizio Rossetto (Royal Botanic Garden Sydney) and Peter G. Wilson (Royal Botanic Garden Sydney). It is due to their patience, generosity, support and guidance that this project has been made possible. Thank you to Stephen for all your advice, for welcoming me into your lab and for ensuring that my PhD at UNSW was a great experience. Maurizio, I thank you for your enthusiasm, ideas, encouragement, and for giving me the opportunity to be a part of your team (Evolutionary Ecology) at the Royal Botanic Garden Sydney. Peter, I am so grateful to you for sharing your knowledge of the Australian flora, taxonomy and phylogenetics. This thesis presents findings from a joint project between UNSW and the Royal Botanic Garden Sydney. Financial support for this research was provided by ARC Linkage Grant LP110100721. A grant from the Dahl Trust allowed me to complete a large section of my molecular work, for which I am extremely grateful. During this research, I was also in receipt of an Australian Post-graduate Award (APA) from the Australian Government. Many people from the Royal Botanic Garden Sydney have been very supportive over the last few years. I would like to thank Doug Benson, who often acted as an additional mentor and who was always up for a chat on the green ashes, ecology and the flora of the Blue Mountains. A big thanks to Miguel Garcia from the Daniel Solander Library, who always helped me to hunt down references in the library, and was another person with whom I could discuss all things to do with evolution, history and speciation. I am grateful to Carolyn Connelly from the Molecular Laboratory as it was thanks to her technical knowledge and practical experience that I was able to successfully extract DNA from very difficult eucalypt samples! Thank you Hannah McPherson, who was always available to give advice on genetic analyses. Many thanks to Jason Bragg, who helped me to better understand population genetics and who provided many R scripts that enabled the analysis of DArTseq markers. Also, thank you to Peter D. Wilson who helped me with environmental niche modelling and data analysis. I would like to gratefully acknowledge many others who have given me a helping hand, including viii Marlien van der Merwe, Margaret Heslewood, Joel Cohen, Matt Laurence, Andrew Orme, Trevor Wilson, Bob Coveny, Michael Elgey, Juelian Siow, Richard Johnstone, Abigail Greenfield, Chris Allen, Samantha Yap, Monica Fahey and Marco Duretto. I am also grateful to Louisa Murray, Barbara Briggs, Karen Wilson, Bob Makinson and Barry Conn, who encouraged me to do botanical research in the first place. I have met many kind people from UNSW, who have been very helpful to me over the last few years. I would like to thank Josh Griffiths, Clara Pang, Ali Namazi, Fatih Fazlioglu and Justin Wan. Thank you Josh, Clara and Justin for assisting me in the glasshouse, and thanks to Fatih for helping me with the plasticity index. Many thanks to Geoff McDonnell (glasshouse manager, UNSW) for providing technical support during my common garden experiment. Thank you to Justin for being so supportive while I was writing up my thesis and for reading over a full draft of the thesis. Researchers from other institutions have provided me with advice during various aspects of my research. I am grateful to Dorothy Steane (University of Tasmania), Jean- François Flot (University Libres de Bruxelles), Jason Carling (DArT Pty Ltd, Canberra) and Andrzej Kilian (DArT Pty Ltd, Canberra). Many volunteers have also generously contributed their time to help me with my research, including Lawrence Mou, Stephanie Creer, Emma Oldman, Aaron Smith, Danca Ciric, Christine Smith, Esthel Varma and Brendan Malloy. Last but not least, I would like to thank my family for all the love and support they have given me: my mother, Christine; my father, David; and my sister, Anne. ix Abstract Speciation is a central process in evolutionary biology and is responsible for the diversity of life on Earth. While there has been much progress in evolutionary research over the last 150 years, understanding the many facets of speciation remains a major challenge. In this thesis, I focus on a group of Eucalyptus species called the green ashes (subgenus Eucalyptus section Eucalyptus). The green ashes comprise tall trees on fertile soils (e.g. the tallest flowering plant in the world, Eucalyptus regnans), as well as medium trees and mallees on low nutrient soils. Although Eucalyptus is Gondwanan in origin, fossil and molecular evidence suggest that many eucalypt groups (including the green ashes) diverged within the last 10 million years.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Native Vegetation of the Nattai and Bargo Reserves
    The Native Vegetation of the Nattai and Bargo Reserves Project funded under the Central Directorate Parks and Wildlife Division Biodiversity Data Priorities Program Conservation Assessment and Data Unit Conservation Programs and Planning Branch, Metropolitan Environmental Protection and Regulation Division Department of Environment and Conservation ACKNOWLEDGMENTS CADU (Central) Manager Special thanks to: Julie Ravallion Nattai NP Area staff for providing general assistance as well as their knowledge of the CADU (Central) Bioregional Data Group area, especially: Raf Pedroza and Adrian Coordinator Johnstone. Daniel Connolly Citation CADU (Central) Flora Project Officer DEC (2004) The Native Vegetation of the Nattai Nathan Kearnes and Bargo Reserves. Unpublished Report. Department of Environment and Conservation, CADU (Central) GIS, Data Management and Hurstville. Database Coordinator This report was funded by the Central Peter Ewin Directorate Parks and Wildlife Division, Biodiversity Survey Priorities Program. Logistics and Survey Planning All photographs are held by DEC. To obtain a Nathan Kearnes copy please contact the Bioregional Data Group Coordinator, DEC Hurstville Field Surveyors David Thomas Cover Photos Teresa James Nathan Kearnes Feature Photo (Daniel Connolly) Daniel Connolly White-striped Freetail-bat (Michael Todd), Rock Peter Ewin Plate-Heath Mallee (DEC) Black Crevice-skink (David O’Connor) Aerial Photo Interpretation Tall Moist Blue Gum Forest (DEC) Ian Roberts (Nattai and Bargo, this report; Rainforest (DEC) Woronora, 2003; Western Sydney, 1999) Short-beaked Echidna (D. O’Connor) Bob Wilson (Warragamba, 2003) Grey Gum (Daniel Connolly) Pintech (Pty Ltd) Red-crowned Toadlet (Dave Hunter) Data Analysis ISBN 07313 6851 7 Nathan Kearnes Daniel Connolly Report Writing and Map Production Nathan Kearnes Daniel Connolly EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report describes the distribution and composition of the native vegetation within and immediately surrounding Nattai National Park, Nattai State Conservation Area and Bargo State Conservation Area.
    [Show full text]
  • Eucalyptus Rubida Subsp. Rubida
    Plants of South Eastern New South Wales Flower buds on leafy stem. Australian Plant Image Index, photographer Peter Ormay, Canberra, ACT Juvenile leaves. Australian Plant Image Index, photographer Peter Ormay, Canberra, ACT Line drawings. e. juvenile (right) and adult (left) Tree. Photographer Jackie Miles leaves; buds and gumnuts. KR Thiele, Australian National Herbarium, © 2021 Royal Botanic Gardens Board, Melbourne, Vic Common name Candlebark, Ribbon gum, White gum Family Myrtaceae Where found Dry forest, woodland, and grassy areas, usually on cold flats. Western Slopes, Kosciuszko National Park, the mountains to the north, ACT, and tablelands. Occasionally in the ranges. Notes Tree to 40 m tall. Bark smooth throughout or with some patches of rough, greyish bark at the base. Rough bark shortly fibrous, platy, at times shedding irregularly, grey to grey-black. Smooth bark shedding in long ribbons, with horizontal black scars, often powdery. Branchlets glaucous or non-glaucous. Juvenile stems rounded in cross section, glaucous. Juvenile leaves opposite each other for many pairs, stalkless, 2-6 cm long, 25-65 mm wide, glaucous. Adult leaves alternating up the stems, 6.8-17.5 cm long, 8-34 mm wide, glossy or dull, green, grey-green, or glaucous. Flowers white, with 0 petals. Flower clusters 3- or 7- flowered. Mature flower buds 4–9 mm long, caps as long as or shorter than the base. Flowers Spring-Autumn. Gumnuts 4-8 mm in diameter. Gumnuts that have dropped their seed have protruding valves or valves that are not very noticeable. Hybridises with Eucalyptus aggregata and Eucalyptus nortonii. May hybridise with Eucalyptus parvula.
    [Show full text]
  • Pests, Diseases, and Aridity Have Shaped the Genome of Corymbia Citriodora
    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Recent Work Title Pests, diseases, and aridity have shaped the genome of Corymbia citriodora. Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5t51515k Journal Communications biology, 4(1) ISSN 2399-3642 Authors Healey, Adam L Shepherd, Mervyn King, Graham J et al. Publication Date 2021-05-10 DOI 10.1038/s42003-021-02009-0 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-021-02009-0 OPEN Pests, diseases, and aridity have shaped the genome of Corymbia citriodora ✉ Adam L. Healey 1,2 , Mervyn Shepherd 3, Graham J. King 3, Jakob B. Butler 4, Jules S. Freeman 4,5,6, David J. Lee 7, Brad M. Potts4,5, Orzenil B. Silva-Junior8, Abdul Baten 3,9, Jerry Jenkins 1, Shengqiang Shu 10, John T. Lovell 1, Avinash Sreedasyam1, Jane Grimwood 1, Agnelo Furtado2, Dario Grattapaglia8,11, Kerrie W. Barry10, Hope Hundley10, Blake A. Simmons 2,12, Jeremy Schmutz 1,10, René E. Vaillancourt4,5 & Robert J. Henry 2 Corymbia citriodora is a member of the predominantly Southern Hemisphere Myrtaceae family, which includes the eucalypts (Eucalyptus, Corymbia and Angophora; ~800 species). 1234567890():,; Corymbia is grown for timber, pulp and paper, and essential oils in Australia, South Africa, Asia, and Brazil, maintaining a high-growth rate under marginal conditions due to drought, poor-quality soil, and biotic stresses. To dissect the genetic basis of these desirable traits, we sequenced and assembled the 408 Mb genome of Corymbia citriodora, anchored into eleven chromosomes. Comparative analysis with Eucalyptus grandis reveals high synteny, although the two diverged approximately 60 million years ago and have different genome sizes (408 vs 641 Mb), with few large intra-chromosomal rearrangements.
    [Show full text]
  • Sydney Harbour a Systematic Review of the Science 2014
    Sydney Harbour A systematic review of the science 2014 Sydney Institute of Marine Science Technical Report The Sydney Harbour Research Program © Sydney Institute of Marine Science, 2014 This publication is copyright. You may download, display, print and reproduce this material provided that the wording is reproduced exactly, the source is acknowledged, and the copyright, update address and disclaimer notice are retained. Disclaimer The authors of this report are members of the Sydney Harbour Research Program at the Sydney Institute of Marine Science and represent various universities, research institutions and government agencies. The views presented in this report do not necessarily reflect the views of The Sydney Institute of Marine Science or the authors other affiliated institutions listed below. This report is a review of other literature written by third parties. Neither the Sydney Institute of Marine Science or the affiliated institutions take responsibility for the accuracy, currency, reliability, and correctness of any information included in this report provided in third party sources. Recommended Citation Hedge L.H., Johnston E.L., Ayoung S.T., Birch G.F., Booth D.J., Creese R.G., Doblin M.A., Figueira W.F., Gribben P.E., Hutchings P.A., Mayer Pinto M, Marzinelli E.M., Pritchard T.R., Roughan M., Steinberg P.D., 2013, Sydney Harbour: A systematic review of the science, Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Sydney, Australia. National Library of Australia Cataloging-in-Publication entry ISBN: 978-0-646-91493-0 Publisher: The Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Available on the internet from www.sims.org.au For further information please contact: SIMS, Building 19, Chowder Bay Road, Mosman NSW 2088 Australia T: +61 2 9435 4600 F: +61 2 9969 8664 www.sims.org.au ABN 84117222063 Cover Photo | Mike Banert North Head The light was changing every minute.
    [Show full text]
  • Recovery Plan for Pimelea Spicata Pimelea Spicata Recovery Plan
    © Department of Environment and Conservation (NSW), 2005 This work is copyright, however material presented in this plan may be copied for personal use or published for educational purposes, providing that any extracts are fully acknowledged. Apart from this and any other use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced without prior written permission from the Department of Environment and Conservation. The NPWS is part of the Department of Environment and Conservation Department of Environment and Conservation 43 Bridge Street (PO Box 1967) Hurstville NSW 2220 www.nationalparks.nsw.gov.au Requests for information or comments regarding the recovery program for Pimelea spicata should be directed to: The Director General, Department of Environment and Conservation (NSW) C/- Coordinator Pimelea spicata recovery program Biodiversity Conservation Section, Metropolitan Branch Environment Protection and Regulation Division Department of Environment and Conservation (NSW) PO Box 1967 Hurstville NSW 2220 Ph: (02) 9585 6678 Fax: (02) 9585 6442 Cover photograph: Pimelea spicata in flower growing amongst grasses at Mt Warrigal in the Illawarra Photographer: Martin Bremner This Plan should be cited as following: Department of Environment and Conservation (2005) Pimelea spicata R. Br. Recovery Plan. Department of Environment and Conservation (NSW), Hurstville NSW. ISBN: 1 74137 333 6 DEC 2006/181 Approved Recovery Plan for Pimelea spicata Pimelea spicata Recovery Plan Executive summary This document constitutes the formal Commonwealth and New South Wales State Recovery Plan for the small shrub Pimelea spicata (Thymelaeaceae), and as such considers the conservation requirements of the species across its known range. It identifies the future actions to be taken to ensure the long-term viability of P.
    [Show full text]
  • Genetic Diversity and Adaptation in Eucalyptus Pauciflora
    Genetic diversity and adaptation in Eucalyptus pauciflora Archana Gauli (M.Sc.) A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania June, 2014 Declarations This thesis contains no material which has been accepted for a degree or diploma by the University or any other institution, except by way of background information and duly acknowledged in the thesis, and to the best of the my knowledge and belief no material previously published or written by another person except where due acknowledgement is made in the text of the thesis, nor does the thesis contain any material that infringes copyright. Archana Gauli Date Authority of access This thesis may be made available for loan and limited copying and communication in accordance with the Copyright Act 1968. Archana Gauli Date Statement regarding published work contained in thesis The publishers of the paper comprising Chapter 2 and Chapter 3 hold the copyright for that content, and access to the material should be sought from the respective journals. The remaining non-published content of the thesis may be made available for loan and limited copying and communication in accordance with the Copyright Act 1968. Archana Gauli Date i Statement of publication Chapter 2 has been published as: Gauli A, Vaillancourt RE, Steane DA, Bailey TG, Potts BM (2014) The effect of forest fragmentation and altitude on the mating system of Eucalyptus pauciflora (Myrtaceae). Australian Journal of Botany 61, 622-632. Chapter 3 has been accepted for publication as: Gauli A, Steane DA, Vaillancourt RE, Potts BM (in press) Molecular genetic diversity and population structure in Eucalyptus pauciflora subsp.
    [Show full text]
  • The Vegetation of the Western Blue Mountains Including the Capertee, Coxs, Jenolan & Gurnang Areas
    Department of Environment and Conservation (NSW) The Vegetation of the Western Blue Mountains including the Capertee, Coxs, Jenolan & Gurnang Areas Volume 1: Technical Report Hawkesbury-Nepean CMA CATCHMENT MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY The Vegetation of the Western Blue Mountains (including the Capertee, Cox’s, Jenolan and Gurnang Areas) Volume 1: Technical Report (Final V1.1) Project funded by the Hawkesbury – Nepean Catchment Management Authority Information and Assessment Section Metropolitan Branch Environmental Protection and Regulation Division Department of Environment and Conservation July 2006 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This project has been completed by the Special thanks to: Information and Assessment Section, Metropolitan Branch. The numerous land owners including State Forests of NSW who allowed access to their Section Head, Information and Assessment properties. Julie Ravallion The Department of Natural Resources, Forests NSW and Hawkesbury – Nepean CMA for Coordinator, Bioregional Data Group comments on early drafts. Daniel Connolly This report should be referenced as follows: Vegetation Project Officer DEC (2006) The Vegetation of the Western Blue Mountains. Unpublished report funded by Greg Steenbeeke the Hawkesbury – Nepean Catchment Management Authority. Department of GIS, Data Management and Database Environment and Conservation, Hurstville. Coordination Peter Ewin Photos Kylie Madden Vegetation community profile photographs by Greg Steenbeeke Greg Steenbeeke unless otherwise noted. Feature cover photo by Greg Steenbeeke. All Logistics
    [Show full text]
  • Heat Damage in Sclerophylls Is Influenced by Their Leaf Properties and Plant Environment1
    CoSCIENCE E 11 (1): 94-101 (2004) Heat damage in sclerophylls is influenced by their leaf properties and plant environment1 Philip K. GROOM2, Department of Environmental Biology, Curtin University of Technology, P.O. Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia, and Centre for Horticulture and Plant Sciences, University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South DC, New South Wales 1797, Australia, e-mail: [email protected] Byron B. LAMONT, Sylvia LEIGHTON, Pattie LEIGHTON & Chantal BURROWS, Department of Environmental Biology, Curtin University of Technology, P.O. Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia. Abstract: Mediterranean southwestern Australia experienced two successive days of extreme (> 45 °C) maximum temperatures and hot winds during the summer of 1991, resulting in adult mortality and extensive crown damage in a sclerophyllous mallee-heathland. To investigate the relationship between leaf attributes, plant environment, and heat tolerance in sclerophylls, measurements of plant height, leaf clustering, leaf morphology (thickness, dry density, area, perimeter/area ratio), percentage crown damage, and percentage mortality, and categories of exposure to wind, shade, and bare soils were recorded for 40 heat-damaged and 14 undamaged co-occurring species. Analyzing the entire dataset by principal components analysis showed that undamaged species had thicker leaves (on average 61% thicker) than species with damaged leaves and were more exposed to wind, sun, and bare soil. Thicker leaves are a common response to hot, dry, and more exposed environments and are more heat tolerant than thinner leaves. A separate analysis of the Proteaceae (25 damaged and six undamaged species) showed a similar trend to the overall dataset.
    [Show full text]
  • Vascular Plants of Santa Cruz County, California
    ANNOTATED CHECKLIST of the VASCULAR PLANTS of SANTA CRUZ COUNTY, CALIFORNIA SECOND EDITION Dylan Neubauer Artwork by Tim Hyland & Maps by Ben Pease CALIFORNIA NATIVE PLANT SOCIETY, SANTA CRUZ COUNTY CHAPTER Copyright © 2013 by Dylan Neubauer All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced without written permission from the author. Design & Production by Dylan Neubauer Artwork by Tim Hyland Maps by Ben Pease, Pease Press Cartography (peasepress.com) Cover photos (Eschscholzia californica & Big Willow Gulch, Swanton) by Dylan Neubauer California Native Plant Society Santa Cruz County Chapter P.O. Box 1622 Santa Cruz, CA 95061 To order, please go to www.cruzcps.org For other correspondence, write to Dylan Neubauer [email protected] ISBN: 978-0-615-85493-9 Printed on recycled paper by Community Printers, Santa Cruz, CA For Tim Forsell, who appreciates the tiny ones ... Nobody sees a flower, really— it is so small— we haven’t time, and to see takes time, like to have a friend takes time. —GEORGIA O’KEEFFE CONTENTS ~ u Acknowledgments / 1 u Santa Cruz County Map / 2–3 u Introduction / 4 u Checklist Conventions / 8 u Floristic Regions Map / 12 u Checklist Format, Checklist Symbols, & Region Codes / 13 u Checklist Lycophytes / 14 Ferns / 14 Gymnosperms / 15 Nymphaeales / 16 Magnoliids / 16 Ceratophyllales / 16 Eudicots / 16 Monocots / 61 u Appendices 1. Listed Taxa / 76 2. Endemic Taxa / 78 3. Taxa Extirpated in County / 79 4. Taxa Not Currently Recognized / 80 5. Undescribed Taxa / 82 6. Most Invasive Non-native Taxa / 83 7. Rejected Taxa / 84 8. Notes / 86 u References / 152 u Index to Families & Genera / 154 u Floristic Regions Map with USGS Quad Overlay / 166 “True science teaches, above all, to doubt and be ignorant.” —MIGUEL DE UNAMUNO 1 ~ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ~ ANY THANKS TO THE GENEROUS DONORS without whom this publication would not M have been possible—and to the numerous individuals, organizations, insti- tutions, and agencies that so willingly gave of their time and expertise.
    [Show full text]
  • Northern Territory NT Page 1 of 204 21-Jan-11 Species List for NRM Region Northern Territory, Northern Territory
    Biodiversity Summary for NRM Regions Species List What is the summary for and where does it come from? This list has been produced by the Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (SEWPC) for the Natural Resource Management Spatial Information System. The list was produced using the AustralianAustralian Natural Natural Heritage Heritage Assessment Assessment Tool Tool (ANHAT), which analyses data from a range of plant and animal surveys and collections from across Australia to automatically generate a report for each NRM region. Data sources (Appendix 2) include national and state herbaria, museums, state governments, CSIRO, Birds Australia and a range of surveys conducted by or for DEWHA. For each family of plant and animal covered by ANHAT (Appendix 1), this document gives the number of species in the country and how many of them are found in the region. It also identifies species listed as Vulnerable, Critically Endangered, Endangered or Conservation Dependent under the EPBC Act. A biodiversity summary for this region is also available. For more information please see: www.environment.gov.au/heritage/anhat/index.html Limitations • ANHAT currently contains information on the distribution of over 30,000 Australian taxa. This includes all mammals, birds, reptiles, frogs and fish, 137 families of vascular plants (over 15,000 species) and a range of invertebrate groups. Groups notnot yet yet covered covered in inANHAT ANHAT are notnot included included in in the the list. list. • The data used come from authoritative sources, but they are not perfect. All species names have been confirmed as valid species names, but it is not possible to confirm all species locations.
    [Show full text]
  • South East Flora
    Regional Species Conservation Assessments DENR South East Region Complete Dataset for all Flora Assessments Dec 2011 In Alphabetical Order of Species Name MAP ID FAMILY NAME PLANT FORM NSX CODE SPECIES NAME COMMON NAME SOUTH EAST Regional EAST SOUTH Status Regional EAST SOUTH Status Score Regional Trend EAST SOUTH Score Regional EAST SOUTH Status+Trend Score SOUTH EAST Regional Trend EAST SOUTH FAMILY FAMILY NUMBER (CENSUS OF SA) EPBCACTSTATUSCODE NPWACTSTATUSCODE LASTOBSERVED_in_SE TOTAL_in_SA TOTAL_in_SE %_SOUTH_EAST_REGION EofO_in_SE_All_km2 EofO_in_SE_Recent_km2 AofO_in_SE_All_km2 AofO_in_SE_Recent_km2 711 91.182 LEGUMINOSAE legumes Y01536 Acacia acinacea Wreath Wattle 2009 814 60 7.37 3000 1700 48 27 LC 1 0 0.3 1.3 712 91.182 LEGUMINOSAE legumes K01545 Acacia brachybotrya Grey Mulga-bush 2001 563 18 3.20 800 500 16 9 RA 3 0 0.3 3.3 713 91.182 LEGUMINOSAE legumes M01554 Acacia continua Thorn Wattle 1974 836 1 0.12 100 1 VU 4 DD 0.0 4.0 714 91.182 LEGUMINOSAE legumes C05237 Acacia cupularis Cup Wattle 2002 577 83 14.38 4700 1500 65 20 LC 1 0 0.3 1.3 716 91.182 LEGUMINOSAE legumes K01561 Acacia dodonaeifolia Hop-bush Wattle R 2002 237 33 13.92 800 400 19 6 RA 3 0 0.3 3.3 718 91.182 LEGUMINOSAE legumes M01562 Acacia enterocarpa Jumping-jack Wattle EN E 2008 92 16 17.39 700 400 10 7 VU 4 0 0.3 4.3 719 91.182 LEGUMINOSAE legumes C05985 Acacia euthycarpa Wallowa 1992 681 7 1.03 500 100 7 1 RA 3 - 0.4 3.4 720 91.182 LEGUMINOSAE legumes S01565 Acacia farinosa Mealy Wattle 1997 325 88 27.08 4000 1600 65 23 NT 2 0 0.3 2.3 721 91.182 LEGUMINOSAE
    [Show full text]
  • Management of Commercial Harvesting of Protected Flora in WA
    Management of Commercial Harvesting of Protected Flora in Western Australia 1 July 2018 – 30 June 2023 June 2018 Management of Commercial Harvesting of Protected Flora in Western Australia - 1 July 2018 – 30 June 2023 Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions Locked Bag 104 Bentley Delivery Centre WA 6983 Phone: (08) 9219 9000 Fax: (08) 9334 0498 www.dbca.wa.gov.au © Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions on behalf of the State of Western Australia 2018 June 2018 This work is copyright. You may download, display, print and reproduce this material in unaltered form (retaining this notice) for your personal, non-commercial use or use within your organisation. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, all other rights are reserved. Requests and enquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be addressed to the Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions. This document was prepared by Species and Communities Branch Questions regarding the use of this material should be directed to: Melanie Smith Species and Communities Branch Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions Locked Bag 104 Bentley Delivery Centre WA 6983 Phone: 9219 9529 Email: [email protected] The recommended reference for this publication is: Department Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, 2013, Management of Commercial Harvesting of Protected Flora in Western Australia, 1 July 2018- 30 June 2023, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Perth. Please note: urls in this document which conclude a sentence are followed by a full point. If copying the url please do not include the full point. Cover image Banksia hookeriana. Photo by M.
    [Show full text]