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Ker Gawi., Amaryllidaceae Da Mata Athintica, Endemica E Em Perigo De Extinc;Ao: Estudos Morfologico E Horticultural

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Ker Gawi., Amaryllidaceae Da Mata Athintica, Endemica E Em Perigo De Extinc;Ao: Estudos Morfologico E Horticultural Hoehnea 32( I): 87-92, 8 fig., 2005 Griffinia hyacinthina (Ker GawI.) Ker GawI., Amaryllidaceae da Mata AtHintica, endemica e em perigo de extinc;ao: estudos morfologico e horticultural Mizue Kirizawa 1,2, Elisabete Aparecida Lopes I, Rosiris Bergemann de Aguiar Si Iveira I, Armando Reis Tavares l e Shoey Kanashiro l Recebido: 26. J 0.2004; aceito: J8.02.2005 ABSTRACT - (Griffinia hyacinthina (Ker Gawl.) Ker Gawl., an endemic and endangered Amaryllidaceae from the Brazil's Atlantic Forest: morphological and horticultural studies). A morphological and ecological characterization of Griffinia hyacinthina (Ker Gawl.) Ker Gawl. is presented, together with phenological and horticultural observations, aiming to help the conservation ofthis endemic, threatened and beautiful species from Brazil's Southeastern Serra do Mar. Key words: Grifinia, horticulture, morphology, Southeastern Brazil RESUMO - (Griffinia hyacinthina (Ker Gawl.) Ker Gawl., Amaryllidaceae da Mata Atlantica, endemica e em perigo de extinc;:ao: estudos morfologico e horticultural). Sao apresentadas as caracterizac;:6es morfologica e ecologica de Griffinia hyacinlhina (Ker Gawl.) Ker Gawl., acompanhadas de observac;:6es fenologicas e horticulturais, para ajudar na conservac;:ao desta belissima especie ameac;:ada da Mata Atlantica do Sudeste do Brasil. Palavras-chave: Grifinia, horticultura, morfologia, sudeste do Brasil IntrodU(;ao Agron6mico de Belo Horizonte. Outras especies referidas para os Estados do Rio de Janeiro, Espirito o genero GrifJinia Ker Gawl. (Amaryllidaceae), Santo e Goias, como G roehae Morel, G espiritensis originalmente referido como Amaryllis L. (Ker Rav. e G noeturna Rav., poderiam ser encontradas Gawler 1816), foi estabelecido por Ker Gawler em em cultivo na Franya e Argentina. Muito provavel­ 1820. Considerado pr6ximo de Lyeoris e Brunsvigia, mente, G eoneinna (Mart.) Rav. teria desaparecido o novo taxon foi incluido na triboAmarylleae porTraub do local de origem, devido aalterayao do seu habitat & Moldenke (1949) e depois transferido para (Ravenna 1974). Eucharideae (Traub 1983). Mas uma nova tribo Vale registrar que estudos horticulturais, com seis Griffineae, representada pelo genero GrifJinia, foi especies de GrifJinia oriundas do Brasil, encontram-se proposta por Ravenna (1974) e aceita mais tarde por em desenvolvimento na Fl6rida, USA (Meerow et al. Preuss (1999) ao revisar 0 taxon endemico do Brasil. 2002). No Estado de Sao Paulo, G. hyaeinthina esta Ate 0 final da decada de 1990, praticamente incluida oficialmente na lista de faner6gamas desconhecia-se a ocorrencia de Griffinia em seu ameayadas de extinyao, categoria em perigo habitat natural e 0 destino do material conservado ex (Resoluc;:ao n. 48 de 21-9-2004. Diario Oficial do situ. Em seu trabalho, Traub & Moldenke (1949) Estado de Sao Paulo, 22-9-2004. Sec;:ao 1, p. 26-29). lamentam a perda, em cultivo, da maioria das especies Mas, essa medida deve ser acompanhada de outras descritas ate a decada de 1940 e a inexistencia de ac;:oes complementares para a conservac;:ao in situ e comercializac;:ao de Griffinia, mencionando que ex situ desta bela especie. algumas especies poderiam estar sendo cultivadas em Na decada de 1990, Silveira (1995) iniciou 0 coleyoes particulares. Ravenna (1969) comenta que cultivo de G. hyaeinthina no Instituto de Botanica a unica Griffinia mantida em cultivo no Brasil, (IBt) a partir de um exemplar de procedencia G. liboniana Morren, pertencia a coleyao do Horto ignorada; em 1991, com a coleta de novos exemplares I. Instituto de Botanica, Caixa Postal 4005, 0 I061-970 Sao Paulo, SP, Brasil 2. Autor para correspondencia: [email protected] 88 Hoehnea 32( I), 2005 no litoral norte do Estado de Sao Paulo, foi formada a Resultados e Discussao segunda coleyao destinada a pesquisa horticultural e que resultou na publicayao de notas cientificas Griffinia Ker Gawl. Bot. Reg. Lond. 6: sub pI. 444. (Silveira 1995, Tavares et al. 1999). 1820. Tavares et al. (1999) desenvolveram 0 protocolo Erva bulbosa. Folhas pecioladas, raramente para a multiplicayao in vitro de G. hyacinthina, sesseis, lamina ampla, clatrada. Inflorescencia utilizando gemas vegetativas inseridas entre as umbeliforme, escapo solido; bracteas 2, lanceoladas. escamas duplas do bulbo com parte da placa basal, Flores 3-24, pediceladas ou quase sesseis, zigomorfas, como explantes. purpuras a lilases, as vezes azuis ou alvas; perigonio o presente trabalho, em face do exposto, tem infundibuliforme a campanuliforme, geralmente como objetivo primordial contribuir para a conservayao recurvado, tuba longo a curto ou ausente, tepalas 6, da especie ameayada de extinyao, ao estudar e tepala interna, inferior, distante das outras 5; estames descrever a especie G. hyacinthina, acompanhar 0 6, declinados, 0 estame superior ascendente, as vezes desenvolvimento de exemplares ex situ para adicionar ausente, bem afastado dos demais, todos fixos na base novas informayoes morfologicas, registrar aspectos das tepalas ou fasciculados; anteras versateis; ovario fenologicos e divulgar as tecnicas horticulturais infero, 3-locular, ovulos geralmente 2 por loculo, empregadas ate 0 momenta para a sua propagayao colaterais, basais; estilete filiforme, declinado; estigma bem como apresentar os resultados obtidos. puntiforme ou minutamente capitado. Fruto capsula, globosa a obovoide; sementes ovoides a obconicos ou Material e metodos quase piriformes. Sao conhecidas 15-20 especies de Griffinia, o material examinado foi coletado no municipio sendo 17 endemicas do Brasil (Meerow & Snijman de Ubatuba (SP), em areas de Mata Atlantica e na 1998, Preuss & Meerow 2000) e duas da Bolivia Ilha Grande, ao suI do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Para (Traub 1983). No Brasil, ocorrem em areas de Mata o estudo visando a descriyao taxonomica, foram Atlantica, cerrado e caatinga (Ker Gawler 1820, 1826, analisadas com auxilio de bibliografia especifica as exsicatas depositadas nos herbarios SP, FEEMA, K e Seubert 1847, Traub & Moldenke 1949, Morel 1960, P e, coletados dados morfologicos, inclusive de Ravenna 1969,1971,1974,1978, Preuss & Meerow exemplares mantidos em cultivo no Instituto de 2000). Botanica. As observayoes fenologicas (florayao e Estudos citologicos realizados em especies de Griffinia indicaram ser caracteristico 2n = 20 frutificayao), foram complementadas com 0 acompanhamento do desenvolvimento ex situ das cromossomos. No entanto, pode haver triploidia plantas, no periodo de 1991-2002. (2n = 30) em exemplares cultivados (Preuss & Meerow 2000). Observayoes anatomicas Com 0 objetivo de divulgar os resultados preliminares nos teryos basal e apical do peciolo preliminares obtidos com 0 uso de tecnicas horticulturais voltadas para a propagayao da revel am epiderme monoestratificada, celulas G. hyacinthina foi realizada uma sintese: a) parenquimaticas, com presenya de cloroplasto e/ou multiplicayao por separayao de bulbilhos e por antocianina e celulas com rafideos. Dispersos no sementes (Silveira 1995); b) multiplicayao in vitro por parenquima ocorrem cerca de 19 feixes vasculares explantes utilizando gemas vegetativas retiradas de dispostos em forma de arco. escamas com parte da placa basal do bulbo (Tavares Griffinia hyacinthina (Ker Gawl.) Ker Gawl., Bot. et al. 1999). Posteriormente, em novo trabalho, Silveira Reg. Lond. 6: sub pI. 444. 1820. e Kanashiro (dados nao publicados) empregaram 0 Basonimo: Amaryllis hyacinthina Ker Gawl. Bot. metoda de escamas duplas, usualmente utilizado na Reg. Lond. 2: pI. 163. 1816. propagayao de plantas de Hippeastrum (Rees 1992). Figuras 1-8 Assim, os bulbos de G. hyacinthina foram cortados em seyoes longitudinais, que separadas em escamas Erva, 40-50 Col alt., glabra. Bulbo tunicado, adjacentes unidas por uma frayao do "disco" (plate) ovalado, ca. 7 em diam., ca. 6 em alt., alvo, colo basal foram incubadas a temperaturas de 20°C e 2,0-2,5 em compr. Folhas 2-8, ereto-recurvadas; 28°C, em presenya (fotoperiodo de 12 horas) ou bainha 2-4 Col compr., concavo-convexa, faces ausencia de luz. adaxial verde-clara, abaxial verde-avermelhada; M. Kirizawa el al.: GrijJi/lia hyaci/llhi/la, especie endemica da Mata Atlantica 89 J~ ] ,...5 6 Figuras 1-8. Griffinia hyacinthina (Ker Gawl.) Ker Gawl. I. Aspecto geral da planta em flor. 2. Folha. 3. Secryao transversal do pedolo, nos terryos basal e apical. 4. Detalhe da flor. 5. Detalhe do apice da petala externa lateral. 6. Infrutescencia. 7. Frutos. 8. Sementes. 90 Hoehnea 32( I), 2005 peciolo 13,5-36 cm compr., 1,0-1,5 cm larg., plano­ Sao Vicente, Ponta de Itaipu, IV-1875, A. Glaziou c6ncavo, crasso; lamina (-11 )22-43 cm compr., 3704, (P); Ubatuba, Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, 7,5-12,0 cm larg., eliptica a lanceolada, apice 23-IV-1991, M. Kirizawa & E.A. Lopes 2461, 2462 acuminado, levemente encurvado, base atenuada a (SP); 20-IV-I 997, A. Rapini 271 (SP); cultivado em obtusa, as vezes assimetrica, margem levemente Sao Paulo, 24-III-1992, M. Kirizawa & E.A. Lopes revoluta, verde-escura na face adaxial, verde-clara 2577 (SP); BRASIL: s. mun., s.d., A. Glaziou 6736 na abaxial, percorrida por nervura mediana, saliente (P); s. mun., cultivado em Sao Paulo, 24-III-1992, na face adaxial e nervuras clatradas. Inflorescencia M. Kirizawa & E.A. Lopes 2578 (SP). 14-15(-17) flores; escapo 34-42(-48) cm compr., Griffinia hyacinthina apresenta caracteres 1,0-1,2 cm larg., levemente comprimido e com ala similares aos descritos porKer Gawler (1820), Seubert lateral estreita, ereto, as vezes inclinado, avermelhado (1847) e Traub & Moldenke (1949), exceto quanta ao na base,
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