T h e A e r o p l a n e Advertisements 2 MAY 22, 1942 D e sig n f o r D a r i n g

An airplane so fast it nears the speed of It is a 'plane second to none... a fighter sound, so manoeuvrable in battle it out­ universally called the world's fastest...a points and outflies its enemies. Lockheed worthy of the important part it is playing,in the powerful air force of Lockheed builds such a pilot-inspiring the United Nations... an air force that fighter.. Jthe "Lightning" Interceptor is being built to win world air supremacy, Pursuit... builds it for the U.S. Army key to victory in modern war. and the R.A.F__a design for daring con- ceivedand built by free Americans—flown • o* fos* Protection todssy now by free fighters for all democracy. egad Progress tomorrow

L O O K TO F O'R LEADERSHIP

Lockheed Aircraft Corporation • Burbank, California

v ' w w m b s m MAY 22, 1942 Advertisements § THE AEROPLANE TO T

'

•vV-

PRESSURE HIE CHSTinCS

If space permitted us to show you something of the methods and pro­ cesses employed in the production of “ Birmal” Pressure Die Castings, we could fill several pages of this journal. We could show you the latest developments in casting tech- nique—the amazing complexity of the designs now in production—the ever-closer dimensional accuracy of our “ near-finished” components. We could also tell you about the wide range of alloys available—the freedom from porosity and the searching tests and high standards demanded by war service conditions. The advance in technique now being achieved will eventually become available for post-war production. In this way castings of greater accu­ racy, high strength properties and minimum machining requirements will be offered to all industries as an economic possibility.

oAs g o o d as g o o d s o u n d c a s t i n g s c a n p o ssib ly be

THE BIRMINGHAM ALUMINIUM CASTING (1903) CO. LTD.

B I R M A D WORKS S M E T H W I C K

BA A MAY 22, 1942 Adcertisemenls 3 THE AEROPLANE

DITTO " said Tweedledum 4 bDITTO, DITTO ” cried Tweedledee J

From " Through the Looking Glass ” by permission of Macmillan & Co., Ltd.

e’ ve adapted Lewis Carroll to suit our own meaning. To us, Tweedledum and Tweedledee represent those engineers who think now exactly as they were taught to think when they were serving their time in the works. They say “ We’ve always made our own Die Sets and we always will.” They forget that times change and that it is now possible to obtain your Die Sets 44 bespoke or ready-made*’ from Desoutters. They forget that by allowing their tool makers to continue to make Die Sets as w ell as Press Tools they’re wasting valuable time and money. A Desoutter Die Set is bound to be at least as good as, and certainly cheaper than, any they can make themselves, because we are specialists, and have a standard range covering almost all requirements. A Desoutter Die Set will not shiver. You do not need skilled labour to change the tools. The Punch and Die w ill be accurately aligned because our Die Sets have precision made Pillars and Bushes. Now, Mr. Tweedledum, what about a Die Set for you ? Give us a ring and tell us: the size or type ; the amount of “ daylight ” ; the diameter and length of shank; and the stroke required. t It will cost you between £2 7s. 4d. and £42 Os. 6d. ; according to your requirements. Try one now!

'Bespoke or

DESOUTTER BROS. LTD. DEPT. A THE HYDE, HENDON, LONDON, N.W.9. PHONE: COLINDALE 6346-7-8-9 ’GRAMS: DESPNUCO, HYDE, LONDON. Specialists also in lightweight pneumatic and electric portable tools. world-wide representation. T h e A e r o p l a n e Advsrtisemenls 4 M AY 22, 1942

“ Perfect” Oil Seals ensure longer life for ever/ working part — Hubs, Shafts, Joints, Pumps, Gearsand, of course, Bearings — by effectively preventingoil leaking, and w ater, d irt or acid entering.

Illustrated catalogue " The Perfect Oil Retainer ” gladly sent on request MAY 22, 1942 Advertisements 5 T h e A e r o p l a n e

HISTORY OF THE GUN TURRET No. 5 OF A SERIES

H AND LEY, PAGE H A LIFM .

FITTED WITH GUN TURRETS MAY 22, 1942 T h e A e r o p l a n e Advertisements 6

* »v

■> X-Je'-w

still

High Duty Steel Cored 5* IE 5C 1 HI &» IS H O S ^ is one of the products resulting from years of service to the Aviation Industry and close collaboration with Aircraft and Aero Engine Designers. Available in any lengths of Jn or ^sn internal Oil resis­ bore, this heavily armoured yet highly flex­ tant rubber ible Hose is designed for the transmission hose. of water, air, oil, hydraulic fluids and gases High ten ­ under normal working pressures up to’ sile steel wire braid. L 3,000 lbs. per square inch, supplied A with end connections to take Jm Rubber bedding % standard A.G.S. Fittings. J K I layer.

High tensile steel wire braid.

Open wove cotton braiding.

O il and abrasive resistant cover. T e c a l e m i T Phone: EALing 6661 (12 lines) Crams: "Tecalemit, Phone, London TECALEMIT LTD., GREAT WEST ROAD • BRENTFORD • MIDDX MAY 22, 1942 Advertisements 7 THE AEROPLANE

A sycamore seed. Just a natural effort at balance. By working Nature’s material, wood, to the finest limits, perfect- aerodynamic balance is achieved in Weybridge Propeller Blades. 1 Wood does not fatigue like metal, and is easier and quicker to repair. UJEYBRIDGE AIRCRAFT PROPELLER BLADES T H E COMPANY LT T h e A e r o p l a n e Advertisements 8 MAY 22, 1942

T O increase production M |^ | —output demands the best use and quickest methods of performing manufacturing operations. Wherever possible hand tools must give place to portable electric machines — wherever these machines are available they should be in steady constant use—they should be maintained in first class condition. “ Wolf ” electric tools are built to severe manufacturing specifications in order that the maximum work-hours per machine are obtained. If you are faced with any problem involving the use, or possible use, of electric tools, phone or write for a “ Wolf ” Technical Representative to call. The “ Wolf ” organisation’s forty years specialised experience is always at your service.

ELECTRIC TOOLS

WOLF & CO. LTD., PIONEER WORKS, HANGER LANE, LONDON, W.s. PERivale 5631-3 G.A.998! MAY 22, 1942 Advertisements 9 T h e A e r o p l a n e SEVEN PILLARS OF PROGRESS 5. “ Men of science are among the trustees of each generation9s inheritance of natural knowledge. They are bound, therefore, to foster and increase that heritage by faithful guardianship and service to high ideals” “ The Charter' of Science ”— British Association, 1941

Chivalry was a knightly system of feudal the free peoples of the earth to the end times having its own religious, moral and that discovery and invention may provide s social code. Service to such ideals took no each and all with a higher standard of cognisance of the lives and aspirations of livingO and leisure than ever before. ordinary men. Thus the knights of the This age ot metals, where steel is paramount middle ages failed as trustees of their in its many and varied applications on land, own generation and the flower of chivalry on sea and in the air, has only been made faded and died. possible through the patient and never In its place there burgeoned a new heritage ceasing accumulation of knowledge con­ of service ; that of the thinkers, the cerning the properties of the crude ores scientists,' the engineers and technologists which have lain in the earth since the THE UNITED whose works display a deeper and more b eo g i n n i n og of time. We will bear the human appreciation ot the common needs torch which has been kindled with Mill ot mankind. faith and dignity so that future generations COMPANIES ITD Service to these ideals is unremittingO among O may regard its light with pride. T H E UNITED STEEL COMPANIES LIMITED i \ STEEL, PEECH A TOZER, SHEFFIELD APPLEBY-FRODINGHAM STEEL CO. LTD., SCUNTHORPE THE ROTHERVALE COLLIERIES, TREETON SAMUEL FOX & CO. LTD., SHEFFIELD WORKINGTON IRON & STEEL CO., WORKINGTON UNITED COKE & CHEMICALS CO. LTD. UNITED STRIP & BAR MILLS, SHEFFIELD THE SHEFFIELD COAL CO. LTD. THOS. BUTLIN & CO.,WELLINGBOROUGH THE AEROPLANE Advertisements 10 MAY 22, 1942

There are 525,600 minutes in a year in which to produce all manner of war supplies, 525,600 minutes in which Benjamin Lighting can serve you and your operatives. By providing the best possible seeing conditions according to the requirements of your plant, lighting planned by Benjamin and employing Benjamin Reflectors gives your workers a tremendous help in achieving the best results. Benjamin Engineers are available to help you deal with any lighting problem. BEN74MJN LIGHTING The Benjamin Electric Ltd., Brantwood Works, Tottenham, London, N.I7 Telegrams : “Benjalect, Southtot, London.” Telephone : Tottenham 5^52 (5 lines) ______.______'______LL-M MAY 22, 1942 Advertisements H T h e A e r o p l a n e

••• •

ATTACK DIVE ” by John Hammer

It takes exceptional engineering to build an

680 m.p.h. dive. Thrusting downward at i o u s

speed — or outclimbing, outflying, outgunning its contemporaries —

the sensational Republic P-47 THUNDERBOLT is the tangible expression

of the high engineering skill which planned it to the last detail. REPUBLIC AVIATION

Republic Aviation Corp., Farmingdale, N.Y., U.S.A.—Cable: Repubav Contractors to the U. S . Government and other Nations MAY 22, 1942 T h e A e r o p l a n e / (luertkcmcnh 12

F A I R E Y V O L LXrr. No. 1617 MAY 22, 1942

Proprietors: TEMPLE PRESS LIMITED

Managing Director incorporating ROLAND E DANGERFIELD

Aeronautical Engineering Head Office: BOWLING GREEN LANE, Edited by LONDON, E.C.I EDWIN COLSTON SHEPHERD Telephone : TERminus 3636 B.A., B.Litt. (Oxon)

MATTERS OF MOMENT The Russian Millstone

HE MILLSTONE of Russia was hung about dare not fall back now to shorten their lines of com­ Germany's neck by the Germans and now, by munication. To fall back in the North would be to Tanother paradox of war, only Russia can remove it. restore to the Russians a freedom in the Baltic which Japan, when she finds herself obliged to attack Russia, would spell the end of Finnish resistance, the collapse of will not be able to save Germany from the dragging the Murmansk front and the threat of a Russian invasion weight of the Russian campaign. Russia recognizes in of Norway. Germany her chief antagonist and, Mke Great Britain To fall back in the South would mean the loss of and the United States, will pay if necessary the- price every vestige of control of the Black Sea, the stiffening of postponing a settlement with the more recent aggres­ of the Turkish attitude and such danger for Bulgaria and sor. The Balkan helots of Germany cannot take any Rumania as might stir those tragic lands into efforts to appreciable part of the Russian burden off the neck of free themselves from the German entanglement. To fall their masters. They are more likely to manufacture back in the vicinity of the Dnieper or between Smolensk extra troubles for the conqueror. The chosen task of and Leningrad would probably lead to corresponding the Germans must cling to them with the sinister withdrawals in the Southern or Northern parts: intimacy of Fate. Germany must try, as she is beginning to try, to push But for the sapping and draining of German strength on. If she fails, none can foretell how far the impetus in Russia, how much more might Germany be capable in the other direction may carry the Russians, already of doing elsewhere by this time. How much more pre­ in higher spirits than th£ir Winter successes warrant. pared might she be to resist the offensive wave that is rising near her other frontiers. Russia is forcing ner Accepting the Lesser Evil on to the defensive not only in Russia but in France and Bogymen have for years been part of the stock-in- Norway, in the Low Countries and even the Reich itself. trade of the Nazi illusionists and spell-binders. She launches her attacks still and she makes progress Germany was encircled by hostile lands. Her peoples here and there; but it is the progress of the braggart were being suppressed inside the Reich and out. Their after a fall. It keeps a wary eye on possible supports in blood was being sucked by the Jews; their trade and the rear as well as at the front. It builds defences behind their possessions were menaced by the Communists. the very points from which it intends to advance. It Churchill was in league first with the Jews and then expects to have to make use of its forts and trenches. with the Communists as well. Now the bogy is not the Communists so much as the coarse and uncivilized The Luck of the Russians Russian soldiery. Germany would like to turn her eyes Germany is learning that the right way to interpret the away from Russia and look at troubles which are already saying that “ nothing succeeds like success ” is to go on presenting themselves within her borders. She would being successful. Russia broke the run of easy success like to put all her weight into dealing with the ponderous and Fortune, the Germans would say, began immediately menace of the R.A.F. She would like to resort to her to turn her fickle face away. The Germans are already earlier method of meeting danger, whether imaginary or complaining of their bad luck. A cloud-burst, accord­ real, with attack. She would choose, if she could, to ing to Berlin, robbed their first fineT stroke against invade Great Britain, to wreck her ports and cities, and Kerch of the success it deserved. In the neighbourhood to bury the R.A.F. under the debris of its own aero­ of Kharkov and Leningrad, the Russians were ready dromes. Russia holds her from attending properly to first to open the Spring attacks. The Russians, in those this danger. It restrains her from the proper defence sectors, had the advantage of shorter lines of com­ of those conquests which set an arc about her western munication, said the Germans—as though luck had any­ frontiers. She is forced back upon the strategy of the_ thing to do with that. The Germans grumbled peevishly West Wall which she proved to be vulnerable by her about the prodigal use by the Russians of the weapons operations on the flanks of the Maginot Line. and the materials of war—an advantage to be explained A Russian advance, say the Germans, will not halt at more by industry and foresight than by luck. the frontiers of the Reich. It will take place across the Truly the Russian campaign holds the Germans in a lands of Poland and will release there a force of ven­ state of fascinated bondage to their own folly. They geance such as the World has not seen since the Middle T h e A e r o p l a n e 570 MAY 22, 1942 There is the bogy which the party propagandists have no need to show in the red spotlight to the people of Germany. It presents itself to Prussian and Pomeranian, to Saxon and Bavarian, to Austrian and Hungarian, every time Berlin explains a withdrawal or excuses the partial failure of an offensive. Ic puts them in the dilemma of wanting immedi­ ate protection against the British and of not daring to clamour too loudly for it lest a weakening in the East should let the Russians in. The second front will be opened this year and the Germans know it; but to thousands of Germans the second front is now open and they have little to oppose to the onslaught but anti-aircraft artillery and some hundreds ot fighters ill-spared from the Russian and Mediterranean fronts. They expect a British Army to follow the British Air Force across the occupied coasts and they know that by then they will have fewer men to spare. They will have to rely on fortifications and guns, on all the apparatus of static warfare which they despised and superseded and proved to be out of date; and all because they believe the Russian danger to be the keener, more ruthless, more charged with the spirit of retribution and revenge. In that they may be wrong. This year may prove to the citizens of the Reich that the slow-moving British have mounted an offensive capable of all the persistence, weight and drive which they believe to be characteristic of the Russians. They may find that they are turned literally in the wrong direction. They may find, too, that as their troubles develop, their power of adjustment, replacement and improvisation loses its speed. While the Russian mill­ stone is hung about their neck, they cannot hope to repeat HIGH STEPPERS.—Consolidated PBY-5 Cataiinas of the United the agility of their unhampered days. And nothing is more States Navy in formation over the Pacific. damping than to plod wearily along while the blows fall. Only full and unqualified victory in Russia could afford Ages. It will roll on into Germany, a barbarian flood which them release of the kind they desire. v fortresses, tank traps and mines will not suffice to check The Russians are resolved that they will lift the mill­ when once it has gathered the full weight of its massive stone from the Germans’ neck and roll it like a crushing momentum. juggernaut into the Reich. Poison Gas from Above OISON GAS, the foulest of all Germany’s contributions which has marked their distribution of high explosives. to the horrors of war, will have to be handed to the If the poison gas should have to be contained in bombs, PAir Force for dissemination among German military objec­there is a much higher probability of its being delivered tives if the Germans should' once more decide to employ at the. appointed places than there would have been if the it. In‘ 1915, the German Army let loose the first clouds occasion had arisen a year or more ago. Mr. Churchill, of phosgene on a favourable wind in the Ypres salient; in his speech of warning, declared: “ The accuracy of our and after a delay which revealed the unpreparedness of bombing has nearly doubled and, with continued practice, the Allies, the British Army replied with poison gas. This I expect it will improve still more.” In that there may time the reply will be made by the Air Arm. be an implicit promise that gas will not be loosed hap­ Mr. Churchill, in warning the Germans of British readi­ hazard wherever there are people to be killed by it, but ness to answer gas with gas, mentioned no other agency. there is also the assurance that the British bombers will He said:— bring it surely to any places which the Government decides “ If we are satisfied that this new outrage has been com­ should be attacked. mitted by Hitler, we will use our great and growing air superiority in the West to carry gas warfare on the largest Until some evidence is available no one can say with possible scale far and wide against military objectives in certainty whether the bomb is the best agent for the diffu­ Germany. It is thus for Hitler to choose whether lie sion of poison gas from aeroplanes or whether an adapta­ wishes to add this additional horror to aerial warfare.” tion of the crop-duster, spraying gas at low levels, would Only “ air superiority " and “ aerial warfare ” were yield better results. Just as some targets are best attacked referred to. And Mr. Churchill left the Germans to interpret by bomb and some by cannon fire and some by torpedo, the term “ military objectives ” according to their own ideas so the method of using poison gas may have to vary with of proper targets. They may not have forgotten yet that the nature of the target. The R.A.F. has units skilled in places like Exeter and York were among their chosen mili­ all forms of attack and we have Mr. Churchill’s assurance tary objectives. They may think again before they decide that preparations have been made against the day when to open the nozzles of those gas cylinders which they have the British might be forced by German villainy to resort brought up to the Leningrad front where a West wind to gas warfare. We are entitled to interpret that as meaning could be expected to help them in poisoning brave men. that the R.A.F. has been practised in the full technique We trust that they will think many times before they of delivering gas from the skies. bring the choking and burning fumes of poison gas once The growing ascendancy of the R.A.F. over Germany more into battle. We would not wish to see the R.A.F. should now prove a powerful deterrent to the Germans. engaged in delivering poison gas. Yet we could not have Too high a price would have been paid for the capture wished the Prime Minister to withhold his warning and of Leningrad or the encirclement of Moscow if the result we are satisfied that if the bombers have to carry gas were to lay half the towns of Germany open to deluges of they will distribute it with the same intense efficiency poison gas. We hope that fear will restrain the Germans M AY 22, 1942 571 T h e A e r o p l a n e from this ultimate crime. If now, or m later desperation, they give themselves yet again to the cruellest of all methods, we can be certain that they will be made to pay ten-fold, by the R.A.F., for whatever plague they may let loose on the Allied peoples. We would prefer that the R.A.F. should not have to meet this challenge, but we are thankful that the Russians and the Allied Nations as a whole should have such a champion if the challenge must need? be taken up. / The Offset Aeroplane ORE NEWS of the Blohm und Voss Bv 141 single-motor unsymmetrical monoplane was given recently from the German Radio Station at Zeesen, which claims that it has been used successfully on the Eastern front in some num bers. The motor—a 1,600 h.p. BMW 801—is mounted on the port wing in the nose of a long nacelle which carries the half tailplane. The enclosed cabin-nacelle is mounted on the star­ board wing. It has accommodation for a crew of three. Armament includes cannon and machine-guns—most likely two cannon and two movable machine-guns fixed to fire forwards and one in the tail cone turret. The Germans claim that the cabin offers an OVER THE SEA FROM CANADA.—A Canadiart-Vickers Stranraer, on excellent view in all directions. This cannot be patrol over the Atlantic, circles a barquentine off the coast of Nova true of the side view to port which is interrupted Scotia. The Stranraer was for some time the largest aeroplane to be by the big motor boom. A further claim is that built in Canada. it is “ very fast and has great manoeuvrability as well as a fast climb." If the motor is indeed a BMW 801, there were various reasons why Air Ministry communiques rough calculations suggest that the top speed is likely to be should not show separately the losses incurred by Polish and about 290 m.p.h. at 17,000 ft. other Allied Air Forces. The Bv 141 is designed by Dr. Ing. Richard Vogt chiefly Such details would present the enemy with information not for tactical purposes and is said to have been in quantity pro­ otherwise readily available and might prejudice the escape of duction for some months at a new Blohm und Voss factory in any of the Allied airmen who might still be at large when the Eastern Germany. As we go to press new photographs have communique was issued. Also, such news might endanger been received of this interesting oddity. We hope to publish their relatives in occupied territories. them next week. ' / U.S. Fuel Problems Allied Air Force Casualties REATLY increased demands for super aviation fuel manu­ SUGGESTION was made in the House of Commons Gfacture in the U.S. will have a marked but as yet A recently that Bomber Command communiques should incalculable effect on the saie of liquefied petroleum gases, or specify how many of the lost aircrews are Polish, in justice to so the oil industry experts predict. Of these gases, butane, in the sacrifices of our Allies. In reply, Capt. Balfour stated that particular, is highly valuable as a starting point for 100-octane aviation fuel, and, although oil company plants are expanding at high speed, these requirements will probably demand diver­ sion of much butane from its normal uses. Other petroleum hydrocarbons needed as raw materials for synthetic rubber, plastics and explosives are also in the range of liquefied gases and may have a pronounced effect on the ordinary household and industrial supply. Sales of such gases in the U.S. during 1941 are estimated at a total of 445 million gallons, half of which was for domestic use. Posted to Canada r o u p c a p t a i n s . l . g . p o p e , d .f .c ., a .f .c ., r .a .f ., Garrived in Canada recently to command the R.A.F. training station at Patricia Bay, Victoria, B.C. Group Captain Pope joined the R.A.F. in 1916, and has served in England, in the Middle East Command and with the Fleet Air Arm, and has commanded both fighter and bomber squadrons. He com­ manded a bomber squadron in France from Sept. 2, 1939, until May, 1940, and since then has been in command of operational bomber squadrons in Great Britain. A Centenary NE HUNDRED YEARS AGO—on May 14, 1842—the O“ Illustrated London News made its appearance as the first illustrated newspaper in the World. Since that date the main events throughout the World have been pictured each week. Even the General Strike in 1926 did not interfere with “ Illustrated London News,” which was printed in Paris to ensure its publication as usual. Captain Bruce S. Ingram, O.B.E., M.C., grandson of the founder of “ Illustrated London News,” has been the Editor since 1900, with the exception of three years during the Great War, 1914-1918. He has always been, interested in aero­ nautics and was one of the four passengers on the first regular passenger service to Paris "which was flown by an Airco 16 of Air Transport and Travel Ltd., from Hounslow to ,Le The Right Hon. Sir Archibald Sinclair, Bt., Bourget on August 25, 1919. Capt. Ingram's paper has K.T., P.C., C.M.G., M.P. followed the progress of aeronautics throughout the years His Majesty’s Secretary of State for Air. accurately and knowledgeably in pictures, drawings and text. T h e A e r o p l a n e MAY 22, 1942

DORNIER’S LATEST.—The Dornier Do 217E2 two-motor bomber. It is equipped to carry bombs, torpedoes or minei, and armed with cannon and machine-guns. These are the first German photographs to be released and show (left) the Do 217 before taking off at night, and (right) in the air with the dive-brake housed in the long projection behind the tail.

OBITUARIES. and vast literary ability. But he would invent things. A rock-drill with a replaceable cutter for mining looked like a success but he missed it. At the time of his death he had all Group Captain E. L. M. L. Gower the designs on paper for a two-stroke aero-Diesel which he ROUP CAPTAIN Edwin Lewes Montague Leveson Gower, was sure would beat everything else on weight for power and A.F.C., R.A.F., died in hospital after an operation on on installation. Such was his optimism that he refused to see MayG 13. He will be remembered by many old-timers as the any barriers in official apathy, vested interests, or the impossi­ Chief Instructor at the Bleriot School at Hendon, and later at bility of finding man-hours or material for new inventions, Brooklands before the War 1914-1918. and he died happy in the assurance that he was on a winner. He learned to fly in a Bleriot monoplane at Hendon, and He never troubled about publishing his poems. They just his pilot’s certificate, No. 574, was dated August 4, 1913. In came to him, and then he polished them lovingly and held those days, without being spectacular, he was as pretty a flier them out for his friends to see. I published many of them in as anyone in the air. Nobody handled the pre-war Bleriots T h e A e r o p l a n e from 1915 until 1939, and he told me a few more neatly. weeks ago that he had lots at home in an old box. I have During the Great War he did well and, as a Major, R.F.C., hopes that his son and I may be able to collect them and get handled his squadton effectively. His officers and men liked them published. They are too good to lose. They have a fine him and he set them a good example. Also, if I remember old-English swing about them which belongs to the days when rightly, he did much intelligent test-flying at home, which we were building the Empire, and not trying to save it from would account for his A.F.C. the effects of 20 years of Pacifism. Some of the verses are riotously funny. Others have a tenderness such as few poets He had a neat line of humour of his own. One of his pecu­ have touched. liarities was that he insisted on being called Gow-er, and A year ago he sent me a poem called Plane Song which is refused to answer to “ Lewson-Gore,” the custom of the wholly beautiful, and in it is one verse which stands out as Sutherland family. the finest expression of our English way of thinking that has Between wars he spent much time on the Continent, and been put on paper: It is this:— one might run into him anywhere. One day, when I was walking down from the Casino at Monte Carlo, a resplendent “ For this is our England, green garbed, glorious, . Rolls-Royce whispered alongside and the driver hailed me. Encircled in emerald, fringed with foam. Here was Gower, who explained that he was out on business. By the pity of God she shall stand victorious I admired his car. He said, “ Can’t afford to drive anything In her guardian seas, in her grey skies’ dome. else.” I asked where he was staying. He said, “ Hotel de Aye; though she suffer for Hell’s unbidding, Paris. Can’t afford to stay anywhere else. Only way to make Mother of man, in her true time’s bidding, money is to look as if you have it.” All said with that almost She shall smite in her might, for a monster’s ridding. invisible smile which was another of his peculiarities. To There is none in her likeness and none such home.” those who saw little of him he seemed a solemn person. Later he had family interests in Hungary, and from him I Let that verse and those thoughts be the monument of a learned a great deal about frontier questions and persecuted man who was lovable, entertaining, a good citizen, and as minorities and other troubles which seem to be endemic in willing to help others as he was incapable of helping himself. the Danube Region. He was interesting, too, on the mys­ —C.G.G. terious Hungarian Air Force and its Italian equipment. Although of late years he suffered from growing deafness, he gallantly rejoined the R.A.F. and became a Group Captain. Marjory Spiller I was glad to hear from some who served under him that he ER many friends will be grieved to hear of the death of was liked and respected by the youngsters of to-day just as Marjory Spiller at Sevenoaks on May 11. he was by his contemporaries in the last war. “ A grand HShe learned to fly with Cecil Pashley at Shoreham in 1935. C.O.” was what they said. That was just the epitaph he where her keenness and happy personality made her immensely would like.—c.g .g. popular among the members and staff of the South Coast Flying Club. To learn to fly she sofd practically everything I she possessed, and for many months afterwards she denied Geoffrey de Holden-Stone herself every luxury, so great was her enthusiasm and her EOFFREY DE HOLDEN-STONE, a pioneer of aeronautical determination tc gain the experience necessary to achieve her ambition - of becoming a professional pilot. This ambition journalism, died in a London hospital on May 10 in his G was realised when she obtained her “ B ” licence, and she 76th year. gained an unusually wide flying experience with several well- The old-timers of Brooklands and Hendon will remember known organisations, including Air Dispatch, Ltd., and Geoffrey, who even then seemed an old man to us, and his ready wit which, as with many of our pioneers, was accen­ F. Hills and Sons. In this way she flew many hundreds of tuated by a stutter. He wrote for various non-technical papers hours bj' day and night on such varied types as Dragons, of the time. During the War 1914-18, his long and intricate Monospars, Rapides, Puss Moth, Falcon and Hillson Pragas. In 1938 she gained an instructor’s endorsement to her “ B ” articles on aero-motors in T h e A e r o p l a n e caused much con­ troversy, and most of them were preceded by a verse which licence and became chief instructor to the Eastbourne Flying was always of high merit. Club. The de Holdens and the Stones were old-English families in Since the outbreak of war she has devoted herself with the Midlands, but Geoffrey was born in Australia and educated characteristic energy to war work of various kinds. As an as a mining engineer. He was that odd combination a horse­ A.T.A. pilot hei wide experience has proved invaluable in man and a mechanic. He rode race-horses in Australia and the exacting task of ferrying fighter and trainer types in all in India.1 He prospected for gold in the Australian deserts, weathers. and drove stock in the cattle country. He had been all over Her devotion to duty, courage and enthusiasm were plainly the World, travelling equally happily before the mast in wind­ shown by the fact that she continued flying until quite jammers and in the state-rooms of luxury liners. recently, although for many months she had been suffering If Geoffrey had stuck to writing he might have made a great from the painful affliction which ultimately caused her name, for he had unlimited material in his own adventures untimely death.— g .h . m . MAY 22, 1942 573 T h e A e r o p l a n e

“ Rolling Them O ut 55 ODDENTIFICATION—LX INE-AND-A-HALF MONTHS after construction of the new NNorth American Aviation factory at Kansas was started, the first aeroplane came off the assembly line—a North American Mitchell (B-25) bomber (two 1,700 h.p. Wright Cyclone 14 motors). The new factory was the first bomber factory to be built inland under the U.S.A.'s policy of placing new defence production units away from coastal aieas. Standardisation in the U.S.A. HE REPUBLIC P -47 b , the Thunderbolt, is to be built by sub-contractors and other aircraft manufacturing companies in the U.S.A. The Thunderbolt has been chosen by the U.S. TGovernment as one of the outstanding types of fighter Sor the U.S. Air Forces, and substantial additional orders have been received by the Republic Aviation Corporation. The report of the Company for the year 1941 states that all but a nominal fraction of that year’s production was for the United States armed forces. . A Production Council IGHT AEROPLANE manufacturing companies on the West E coast of the U.S.A. have formed an aircraft War Pro­ duction Council and have offered their services to Mr. Donald Nelson, the United States War Production Minister. The Council offers to act as a Regional planning, co-ordinating and advisory committee on aircraft production problems and to extend the practice of the individual companies in exchanging information and pooling facilities In Soviet’s war-racked overcast, Where Hitler’s strength meets Stalin’s might, Gliders A winged bullet flashes past HE U.S. Army has awarded a contract to the Allied And, striking hard, compels th 'e fight. Aviation Corporation of Baltimore for a number of 12-seat Though we see revived again Tgliders which have dimensions similar to the Douglas DC-3 and The bloody battlefields of Spain, closely resemble the commercial transport. The U.S. Army The Huns, this time, have caught a Tartar, has already shown its interest in gliders by taking delivery of a Symbolized by Russia’s Rata. two-seat cabin training glider—the Schweizer SGS-28. dated Aircraft Corporation, of San Diego, to help that Cor­ Development Costs poration in establishing a similar department. The Boeing EVELOPMENT and construction of the Douglas B-19 Company has specialised in high altitude operations. Dbomber for the U.S. Army Air Corps cost the Douglas Aircraft Co. a loss of $2,6-43,988 (about £660,250). The Com­ pany has also announced that the conversion of the DC-3 to Production in Canada military purposes has been completed at a loss of $2,000,000. ANADA is producing about 16 aeroplanes a day, and this In military form for the U.S. Army, the DC-3 is known as Coutput will expand when some of the new orders are under the C-47. way. The original programme for this year of seven types of aeroplane to be built—the Fairchild, Harvard and Anson A New Trainer trainers, the Bolingbroke, the Catalina, the Lancaster and a WO versions of the Timm “ Aeromold ” S-160-K plastic secret fighter—are to be increased by two American types, the plywood trainer are now in production. Both are powered Curtiss SB2C-1 dive bomber and a fighter of unspecified make. Twith the 220 h.p. Continental W-670 Series 6A motor, but one, The first Canadian-built Consolidated 28-5A is expected to known as the PT-220-C, is being built for the advanced train­ be ready in June and' the first Fairchild elementary trainers ing course of the Civilian Pilot Training Programme. The were expected to be ready by the end of April. Bolingbroke other, the Timm N2T-1, is for the U.S. Navy. The original bombers are being built by Fairchild Aircraft, Ltd., at the rate Timm “ Aeromold ” trainer completed more than 500 hrs. of 15 a month. of flight tests. The Fairchild trainer, designated the PT-26 by the U.S. Army Air Forces, was originally to be called the Freshman in American Co-operation Canada, but now there js a possibility the name will be changed NFORMATION about the methods used by the Boeing Air­ to “ Cornell.” It will be powered with a 200 h.p. Ranger craft Company, of Seattle, in its Flight and Aerodynamics 6-440C-5 motor which is to be built under licence in Canada IDepartment, has been given by the Company to the Consoli- by the Chrysler„Corporation, of Windsor. Maintenance in Canada ANADA has built up an airframe C and engine overhaul industry since the beginning of the War, mainly in connection with the Empire Air Train­ ing Scheme. The shops and factories engaged on this work are spread across the country from Halifax to Van­ couver ^nd are financed mainly by the Canadian Government and about $1,000,000 of private capital. A number of the factories are operated by the R.C.A.F., but most are run by civilian concerns, including the air lines. The factories include 22 for airframe overhaul; 5 for both engines and air­ frames ; 14 for engine overhaul; 5 for airscrews; S for instruments; 6 for repairing electrical spares and parts; 10 for overhauling batteries ; and 4 tyre repair and overhaul shops.

GERMAN RECONNAISSANCE.—Arado Ar 196a single-motor float seaplanes1,on SAVE PAPER PLEASE

a patrol over the Mediterranean off Crete. i i i i i «im- ■miii'iiiBnnniB, T h e A e r o p l a n e 574 MAY 22> 1942

The I 4i st Week of

The WAR IN THE Air

[“ Aero-plane " photograph A HANDLEY PAGE HALIFAX II OF BOMBER COMMAND.

WO YEARS AGO German Air Power and German German production is now at its highest point, but the T mechanised land forces in combination were sweeping output per man-hour is undoubtedly dropping and the through Western Europe. Rotterdam, which dared to enemy is so short of man power now that inevitably the resist, was mercilessly bombed. Roads packed with total production must begin to fall off soon, whereas ours refugees were machine-gunned. The Luftwaffe exulted in is only getting into its stride. its strength and the feebleness of the opposition. The There is a chance of beating Germany this year— Nazis believed the War to be won and the fall of Great although the odds appear to be in favour of a longer Britain imminent. struggle. But because there is a chance of victory over To-day the situation is vastly different. The German Air Germany in 1942 we must devote every ounce of energy Force is fighting for its existence on two fronts, the German to that task without jeopardising the prospects for a longer Army has lost more men than in the whole of the Great term struggle should that be necessary. War between 1914 and 1918. The Russian Armies and the Our chief weapon for breaking Germany this year is Red Air Fleet are in the field against Germany, so is a Bomber Command. The less diversions it has the more vastly stronger Great Britain and British Commonwealth thoroughly it will be able to accomplish its task. Recently of Nations and the whole might of the U.S.A. something like 60 per cent, of the effort of Bomber Com­ The struggle will still be hard and it may be long. Of mand has been diverted to Naval targets. Much of this the final outcome there can be 110 shadow of doubt. The diversion is essential, yet Germany must rejoice in every aeroplanes are pouring from the factories of the United bomb not dropped on Germany itself. Nations in a stream far greater than that coming from the Concentration of effort and continuous action are the Axis. The British Commonwealth Joint Air Training Plan needs. Used in this way—in the way for which it was is sending to the British and Imperial Air Forces a flood designed—Bomber Command can build up a decisive influ­ of air crews which is at least as great as the intake of new ence on the course of the War during the next few months. aeroplanes. Invasion of the Continent cannot succeed yet, nor can it On the Eastern Front Germany is in trouble. Marshal divert enemy troops or aircraft. Later on it will finish the Timoshenko’s drive against Kharkov seems no diversionary job. Meanwhile Commando raids appear to be the best raid, but a major assault likely to annul all the German use of land forces. gains on the Kerch Peninsula. Something of the success In the West our strategy must be offensive; in the Far of our Russian Allies may be a result of the daylight East defensive until we can turn our full forces to smash sweeps by the R.A.F., through which at least GOO enemy the Japanese. Madagascar, Ceylon and Australia are fighters are kept bottled up. Those fighters would swing vital bases for our present defence and our future offence: the balance of air superiority could they be used against from them tactical offensives can be launched, although Russia. As it is, in the West they are being constantly the main strategy remains defensive. whittled away by the R.A.F. attacks and new machines This year is the most vital in the history of the World. and men have to be found to replace the losses. If we use our forces well it can be the most glorious of all. Thrust and Counter-thrust in Russia Y REGAINING possession of the Kerch Peninsula in the In recapturing the Kerch Peninsula, the Russians also B Crimea last December, in a brilliant and daring operation, reoccupied an aerodrome, but this was lost shortly afterwards the Russians set the scene for the first German Spring offensive in a German counter-attack, and remained in the enemy’s on the Eastern Front five months later. Russians on the Kerch hands for the rest of the Winter. The Red Army opposing the Peninsula were a greater inconvenience than Russians in new German thrust was thus handicapped by the lack of local Sebastapol, and had to be removed at the first opportunity. fighter protection, and although its soldiers fought with courage Hence, on May 8, the Germans launched the attack which was and skill the Germans steadily forced their way forward sup­ planned to clear away the obstruction and safeguard the route ported from the air with fighters and bombers. to the Caucasus—and oil. At the week-end they claimed to have retaken all but a small MAY 22, 1942 575 T h e a e r o p l a n e corner of the territory, but Soviet communiques while admit­ exhausted by their continual withdrawals, the British, Indian ting withdrawals, reported the continuation of fierce resistance and Burmese troops made a series of well-planned counter­ in the streets of the town of Kerch and landings by Russian attacks, inflicting heavy casualties on the pursuing Japanese forces behind the German positions', including some by para­ and delaying their advance At the week-end, they were chute troops. Russian bombers, flown across the narrow Strait occupying positions in the Naga Hills. dividing the Crimea from the Caucasus mainland, took part in A too rapid advance into China along the Burma Road, the operations, as did warships of the Russian Black Sea without first securing their lines of communications, cost the Fleet. enemy dearly early in the week when Chinese troops cut off Their inability to offer a prolonged and successful opposition in the interior made an attack on their rear positions. Strong to a full-scale German onslaught in the Kerch area must have Japanese reinforcements later allowed them to retrieve the been well understood by the Soviet leaders. Barely had the situation and to avert the worst consequences of their impetu­ fighting started than General Timoshenko made a swift and ousness, and they continued to advance into China. On vigorous lunge towards Kharkov. His army smashed its way May 15 they began a new offensive in the Chinese coastal through a ring of powerful defences, compelling the Germans province of Chekiang. At only a few points in the China- to abandon huge quantities of war material in their hasty Burma theatre was it possible to draw an exact picture of the retreat. Reserves were rushed to the front and fierce tank positions held by both sides, but in the Shan States (Burma) battles developed. the Japanese were attacking Kengtung, and fighting was also Between 300 and 400 German tanks were estimated by the going on to the South-East of that city in the vicinity of Russians to have been knocked out in the first five days of the Monglen and Monghai. offensive. More than 250 guns were taken by the Red Army Full air support made the task of the invaders easier and, and the enemy’s casualties in men ran into thousands. The in fact, contributed largely to their almost unchecked progress Red Army’s advance covered depths varying from 12 to 37 and their ability to take risks. The Allies could offer little miles on a front exceeding some 50 miles. opposition in the air. Pilots.of the American Volunteer Fighting on the Russian Front was not confined only to the Group, working with the Chinese, shot down two enemy Kerch Peninsula and the Kharkov sector. One Russian state­ fighters in Western Yunnon; Blenheims bombed Magwe; there ment told of the annihilation of 1,200 enemy officers and men were two R.A.F. raids on the aerodrome at Akyab (in the first on various sectors of the Leningrad front. of which hits were scored on parked aeroplanes), and bombers Both sides were active in the air on the mainland, and from General Brereton’s United States Air Force Command among the fighters seen in action with the Red Air Fleet on in India twice raided the aerodrome at Myitkyina. The first different parts of the front were Hawker Hurricanes from Great of these attacks was the first daylight raid made by the U.S. Britain and Bell Airacobras and Curtiss Tomahawks from the Air Force in India. Blenheims operating as long-range United States. For the first time in many weeks, Kubishev fighters also machine-gunned Japanese motor transport and issued a supplementary communique describing the work of the trucks in North Burma. Japanese bombers raided Assam Red airmen. It read : “ During May 12, units of our air force (India) on May 10 and again on May 16. Casualties to destroyed or damaged 32 German tanks, 220 lorries carrying civilians and military personnel in ,the first raid were said to troops and Avar material, 105 wagons carrying ammunition, be li moderate.” 48 field and A.A. guns, and also mortars and machine-gun nests. They also wrecked a railway train and six trucks carry­ The Air Offensive in the S.W. Pacific ing lorries, and dispersed and partly wiped out about one Allied bombers were active in the Australian war zone last regiment of enemy infantry.” week. A Hudson of the Royal Australian Air Force either The resumption .of large-scale fighting on the Eastern Front hit a Japanese submarine or registered a near miss, causing was reflected in the substantial rise in air losses reported by oil to come to the surface, in a bombing attack which it made the Russians. In the week ended May 15, the Germans lost as the vessel dived. In another part of the ocean an American 339 aeroplanes and the Russians 112r bomber surprised an enemy submarine on the surface. The submarine hurriedly submerged and left some of her crew, out­ The Japanese Nearing India side. This submarine, too, was probably destroyed by bombs. By masterly strategy, the commander of the British Forces Several raids were also made on the seaplane base on in Burma prevented the success of a Japanese attempt to inter­ Deboyne Island, in the Louisiade Archipelago, 1,000 miles off pose troops between British positions and India. Though the North-east coast of Australia, and on shipping in the

[“ Aeroplane " photograph OVER ENGLISH FIELDS.—A Handley Page Halifax II, giving a good view of the Hudson-type turret which distinguishes it from the Halifax I. T h e A e r o p l a n e 576 MAY 22, 1942

GERMANY’S NEW FIGHTER—The Focke-Wulf Fw 190h which has been reported in action on several fronts. The wide track, inwards retracting undercarriage is an in­ teresting feature. The Germans have been driven to use a radial motor because of the lack of a liquid-cooled motor of .sufficient power. The top right photograph is from a combat film taken by the wing gun of an attacking Spitfire.

The relevant paragraph read: “ Carrier-borne naval aircraft played a conspicuously successful part in the operations. In the first instance, they attacked the aerodrome and the defence was thereby deprived of air power. During the subsequent operations, the naval aircraft rendered valuable support and harbour. A large tanker was probably damaged by hits or co-operation to both the naval and military forces. Admiral near misses, a four-motor seaplane was damaged and stoies Syfret has spoken highly of the way in which the naval and buildings hit. At Kessa (in the Solomons) two Japanese aircraft responded to every call made upon them.” transports were hit. At Amboina (N.E.I.) a 3,000-ton vessel Home-based Bombers Weatherbound was sunk, and direct hits were scored on two vessels of 3,000 and 2,000 tons respectively. The wharf was also set on lire. Germany and German-occupied territory in Europe enjoyed At Rabaul, 15 Japanese bombers, lined up ready for a raid, a week’s relief from the R .A .F.’s hammering last week. The were caught on the runways. Three blew up and many more fine spell which had previously favoured night bombing gave, were severely damaged as a result of the bombing. The ■aero­ place to less settled conditions and immobilised the large fleet drome at Lae (New Guinea) was also raided. During one of bombers now assembled on the R.A.F.’s home aerodromes attack, seven of 17 enemy fighters which intercepted the raiders for attacks on the main sources of Germany’s military might. were shot down. Yet the weather proved no friend of German shipping. Japanese raids on Port Moresby were resumed after a week’s Aircrews of Coastal Command, well trained in bad-weather pause, but their intensity was reduced. Fighters attempted to flying, sought out enemy convoys steaming along the machine-gun the aerodrome and bombers to sink ships in the hazardous sea lanes linking the conquered countries and, harbour. None of the raids met with much success, and two adding to their successes of the previous week, brought their of the raiding fighters were shot down. • total of ships hit on the Northern Norway supply route to 28. Malta’s Five Hundred The biggest of last week's attacks was made on the night of May 15 on two strongly escorted convoys off the Frisian For yet another week the Axis Air Forces gave Malta no Islands. One Hudson taking part in it was set on fire by respite, and Malta gave the Axis Air Forces no quarter. By anti-aircraft gunfire, crashed on to the deck of the nearest ship shooting down another 28 fighters and 33 bombers, the Island’s and blew up. The ship is believed to have been destroyed. defences brought their total of enemy aeroplanes destroyed Earlier, another convoy had been attacked off the Frisian since the War began to 534, and showed no signs of weakening. Islands, and ships at Aalesund and Vaagso bombed. The fighters, indeed, grew in strength, and on one occasion- Fighter sweeps were of a modified order, but Spitfires were doubtless the first since the present offensive began—the enemy out in force on May 10. They sighted, but met no opposition found a fighter force equalling his own waiting for him when from, some enemy fighters which were in the Dieppe area. he made his customary appearance. The percentage of Italian Bostons made no escorted bombing raids, but Hurricane machines taking part in the raids tended to rise, and last bombers, and their Spitfire escorts, attacked three mine­ week six of the fighters and seven of the bombers shot down sweepers. belonged to the Regia Aeronautica. A summary of the offensive operations of Fighter, Coastal Another grievous blow was inflicted on the Luftwafle by and Bomber Commands of the Royal Air Force appears on page R.A.F. fighters operating from North African bases. Return­ 577. Raids by the Luftwaffe on Great Britain were limited to a ing from patrol, they encountered a formation of fighter- few sporadic daylight attacks on coastal areas, chiefly with escorted Junkers Ju 52 air transports flying almost at sea level. fighters carrying bombs. They caused few casualties and little In the subsequent attack they shot down two of the escorting damage. Messerschmitt Me 1 1 0 s and 13 of the transports. Soldiers inside the transports thrust their Tommy guns and rifles through the windows in a futile effort to drive off the fighte.-s. One pilot “ bagged ” both Me 110s and two Junkers Ju 52s; several other pilots each claimed two Ju 52s. The R.A.F. formation, led by an Australian Wing Commander, lost only one machine, but the type they were flying was not specified. If all the transports were fully laden—as they probably were— the chance meeting with the R.A.F. cost the enemy approxi­ mately 264 soldiers and airmen. The week produced no serious land fighting in Libya. Patrols were out on both sides and on the few occasions on which they clashed the British units forced the enemy to retire. R.A.F. fighters gave active support in the forward areas, but had few engagements with the enemy. Bombers raided Benghazi, and targets at Martuba, Benina and Berka. Three destroyers, H.M.S. Lively, H.M.S. Kipling and H.M.S. Jackal, were sunk in the Eastern Mediterranean on May 11 during heavy air attacks. Five hundred of their officers and men were saved. Bristol Beaufighters destroyed one Heinkel He 111 and damaged at least two others and five Ju 88s during the action.

■ The Madagascar Operations A joint announcement from the War Office and the Admiralty concerning the first stage of the operations against BOMBS ON ZEEBRUGGE.—Well-placed bombs bursting on the French island ot Madagascar, off the coast of. Africa, the target during a recent daylight raid by fighter-escorted referred to the air operations only in the most general terms. Bostons of the R.A.F. on Zeebrugge. MAY 22, 1942 * AJcertisemenh 13 THE AEROPLANE

u

ai & a W i l i l I f- '

3?&sS•• • > ; The period between overhaul of CHEETAH IX & X ENGINES has been increased 1200 hours

•>,'•: ••• : (XMB

■ I m I V ! ;r< THE AEROPLANE Advertisements 14 MAY 22, 1942

CO. LTD.BRANCH Of HAWKER SIPD CO. LTD.BRANCH

SPECIALISTS IN MILITARY AIRCRAFT SINCE 1915 MAY 22, 1942 577 T h e a e r o p l a n e

Monday, May 11 D a y .. Ju 88 destroyed by Free French pilot over South Coast of England. Two aeroplanes of Coastal Command lost in attack on enemy convoy off Frisian Islands. Nigkt .. Hudsons of Coastal Command hit and set fire to large ship in escorted /Convoy near Aalesund (Norway).

Tuesday, May 12 Offensive operations cancelled.

W ed n esd ay, M ay 13 N i g h t . . Hudson of Coastal Command attacked a medium-size enemy supply ship near Aalesund (N o rw ay ), set it on fire and left it listing heavily. Other aeroplanes of the same Command bombed a ship aground near Vaagso and left it a total w reck. T h u rsd ay, M ay 14 D a y .. R.A.F. fighters made offensive sweeps ever occupied terri­ tory and attacked various targets, including trains' and' barges. A Hudson of Coastal Command, attacked enemy ship near. Aalesimd and probably made several hits. One enemy bomber destroyed by A.A. gunfire off S.W. Coast of England.

Friday, May 15 D a y .. Spitfire fighters and Hurricane bombers sank an enemy minesweeper, set fire to another and damaged a third off the North Coast of the Cherbourg Peninsula. One Dorniei Do 217 destroyed off the East Coast by Spitfires. N i g h t .. Hudsons of the Coastal Command made series of low and high level attacks on two strongly escorted convoys off the Frisian Islands. Three ships were left in flames and -others’ were hit. Five aeroplanes of Coastal Command lost.

ON RECONNAISSANCE.—A Focke-Wulf Fw189 twin-boom Saturday, May 16 reconnaissance monoplane now used in large numbers on the D a y .. Spitfire fighters made offensive sweeps over Belgium and Russian front in succession to the Henschel Hs 126. Northern France during which they attacked gasholders, dock gates and railways. Enemy fighters seen near Dieppe refused combat. One Messerschmitt Me 109 shot down by anti-aircraft gunfire off the coast of South-West England. Spitfires shot down Diary of the Week a Do 217 which tried to bomb a convoy. Offensive Operations of the Fighter, Coastal and Bomber Commands of the R.A.F. From May 10 to 16, 1942

S u n d ay, M ay 10 D a y .. Spitfires made offensive sweeps over Northern France and attacked various targets. M ig h t . . Hudson of Coastal Command bombed and damaged a n enemy ship near Mandal (Norway).

GERMAN, ITALIAN A N D BRITISH LOSSES— MAY 10-16, 1942

Axis Axis R.A.F. R.A.F. Date (N. Europe) (Near East) (N. Europe) (Near East)

Machines Personnel Machines Personnel Machines Personnel Machines Personnel

1 0-5-42 1 8 54 _ 6 12 1 1 -5-42 1 4 20 45 2 8 2 2 > 12-5-42 —— 20 59 ------— 3 •J 1 3-5-42 —— 8 23 ------— 5 1 1 14-5-42 1 4 3 6 ------— 1 4 1 5-5-42 1 5 2 5 5 20 2 2 16-5-42 2 6 5 5 ' 3 6

Totals 5 19 76 1 97 7 28 22 40

TOTAL LOSSES IN THE AIR WAR* (To dawn, May 17).

Axis Air Forces Imperial Air Forces

Machines destroyed in combat or by A.A. gunfire .. 8,537 4,784 Personnel ...... 23,107 14,084 Excluding Russia and the Far East.

CIVILIAN AIR RAID CASUALTIES Axis air raids on the United Kingdom during April, 1942, caused the deaths of 938 civilians and serious'injury to another 9-98. These figures, which include casualties caused in “ Baedeker ” reprisal raids on Exeter, Bath, York and Norwich, bring the total number of civilian casualties in air raids on the United Kingdom since September, 1940, to 42,413 itilk-d THE WEEK’S LOSSES AT A GLANCE.—Comparative losses in the and the number seriously injured to 54,244. Air W ar for the week May I 0 to 16, 1942, inclusive. The chart does not include aeroplanes destroyed in Russia and the Far East or those destroyed on the ground. The comparative losses are: Northern Europe: Axis (daylight offensive) 4 bombers and I fighter: British (daylight offensive) 2 bombers of Coastal Command: ADDITIONAL ENEMY LOSSES (night offensive) 5 bombers of Coastal Command. The losses in the Two Messerschmitt Me 109Fs, not previously reported, were Near East were: Axis, 48 bombers and 28 fighters; British, 6 destroyed in the forward area of Cyrenaica on May 7. bombtrs and I 6 fighters. Approximate personnel losses suffered by the respective Air Forces were: Northern Europe; Axis, 19; British, 28; Near East; Axis, 197; British, 40. T he A e r o p l a n e 573 MAY 22, 1942 NEWS OF THE WEEK

NE HUNDRED DELEGATES Fahrenheit; and the third down to Ofrom all the Allied countries except — 70 deg. Fahrenheit. Russia are attending the Conference A civilian Airgraph service from the on Air Training which opened at United Kingdom to Egypt, India, Ottawa on May 18. The Conference Ceylon, Palestine, Transjordan, is to consider the best methods of Cyprus, Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, Aden, co-ordinating and expanding the Allies British Somaliland and the Seychelles air training arrangements and for pool­ is to be introduced shortly, according ing the pilots and air crews so that the to an announcement made by Mr. best use may be made of both W. S. Morrison on May 13. The charge machines and men. Mr. Power, for each civilian Airgraph will be 8d. Canadian Air Minister, stated on May 13 that this would be one of the most A visit to a Russian squadron important conferences to be held by equipped with Hawker Hurricanes at the United Nations since the War a base officially called " Moscow’s far started. Captain Balfour, Under­ approaches ” was described by a secretary of State for Air, is the British CHIEF OF BOMBER CO M M AND.—Air- special correspondent of “ The Times ” Marshal Arthur Travers Harris, C.B., delegate. on May 14. The Hurricanes were O.B.E., A.F.C., with his Chiefs of Staff, painted in their Summer camouflage Air Vice-Marshal R. H. M. S. Saundby, All American aeroplanes operating of green and brown with touches of on internal air routes are to be con­ M.C., D.F C., A.F.C. (middle), and (left) Air Vire - Marshal R. Graham, D.S.O , purple and with the Red Star of the trolled by the U.S. Army, on President D.S.C., D.F.C. Red Air Fleet on the tail. The Hurri­ Roosevelt’s instructions. All routes and canes are equipped with the attach­ services not regarded as essential to the ments for rocket bombs which are War programme will be suspended and schools and at schools operated by the Civil Aeronautics Authority. Civilian stated to have shattered many enemy air mails on the remaining routes may aeroplanes in the air and to have pilots between the ages of 18 and 35 be curtailed later. About 300 aero­ proved effective in low flying attacks who are ineligible for the U.S. Army planes are involved. This announce­ on troop concentrations. The Russians and Navy cadet training will be per­ ment was made on May 14. but the find the slow landing speeds of the mitted to quality for glider training. actual date of the taking over of the British aeroplanes more suitable for There are about 100,000 such pilots in air lines is not yet known. night flying than some Soviet types. the U .S.A . Mr. Churchill visited aerodromes of The most formidable types wrhich the Bomber Command on May 15, at one The Air Services Appropriations Hurricane squadron has met with at of which he asked for a surprise A ccou n t for the year ended March 31, present are the He 113 and the Me demonstration of th e aerodrome 1941, which was issued on May 13, 109f . defences. Besides asking questions he states that gross expenditure was Air Vice-Marshal J. H. d’Alb.iac is inspected most of the arrangements £285,069,730. N et expenditure |Air Officer Commanding, R.A.F., Twenty-five per cent, more pupils amounted to £269,464,038, which had ■Ceylon. This announcement was made have been trained under the Empire been met from issues out of the vote at Colombo on May 12, although he Air Training Scheme since its incep­ of credit. has held the appointment for some time. He commanded the British Air tion in December, 1939, than had Carrier-borne naval aeroplanes were Force in Greece. orginally been planned. The Scheme officially stated by the Admiralty on reached full capacity in December, May 15 to have played a conspicuously Group Captain U . Ewart, R.A.A.F., 1941, instead of the scheduled time of successful part in the British operations has been appointed to the administra­ April, 1942. The cost of the Em pire at Madagascar, which began on May tive staff of the Allied Air Force Head­ Air Training Scheme has risen from 5. In the first instance naval aero­ quarters in Australia. He was formerly $642,000,000 (about £160,500,000) to planes attacked the aerodrome at Australian Air Liaison officer in an estimated total of $824,000,000. The Antsirana, so depriving the defence of London. United Kingdom, Australia and New air power. During subsequent opera­ War Statistics Zealand all contribute to the cost. tions they rendered valuable support GERMAN ATTACK in the Some of the graduates have been kept and co-operation to both naval and A Crimea against Kerch began on in Canada for the home establishment military forces. Rear-Admiral Syfret, May 8. Almost simultaneously the of the R.C.A.F., but the vast majority Commander of the Madagascar expedi­ Russians attacked and advanced in the have been sent overseas. These facts tion, has spoken highly of the way in Kharkov sector. were given by Major Power, Canadian which naval aeroplanes responded to Five hundred and twenty-seven Air Minister, on May 13. every call made on them. enemy aeroplanes were destroyed over A Chinese Government spokesman Malta between June, 1940, and May at Chungking on May 13 paid a tribute Three more pressure chambers have 15, 1942. Between May 1 and May to the “ heroic and loyal air support been bought by the Canadian Govern­ 15, 1942, 74 Axis aeroplanes were given to China by her British and ment for the Empire Air Training destroyed. American Allies” during the Japanese Scheme, bringing the number in use Japanese aeroplanes dropped 395 advance along the Burma Road. to 18. The pressure chambers, which cost £1,400 each, are used for training letters from Australian prisoners of Four hundred aeroplanes a m onth air crews in high flying and accustom­ war in the m andated territory in New are being built in Canada now, and ing them to the conditions experienced Guinea over Port Moresby on Apl. 28. more factories are nearing production. at various heights. The chambers are Thirteen Ju 52s carrying Axis troops Large number of glider pilots are to divided into three compartments, the and two Me 110s were shot down on be trained by the U.S: Army. Instruc­ first for temperatures down to zero; May 12 by R.A.F. fighters operating tion is to be given at special Army the second from zero to —20 deg. off the North African coast. ^ p o anyone interested in the History of British been biplanes, for the designers had come to aviation, there is romance in the chance landing believe in the monoplane. They staked their of the designers of Miles Aircraft on Reading reputations on the future of low-wing monoplane Aerodrome (England), in 1930, when they dis­ design for low as well as high-power aeroplanes. closed their ambition to build a cheap two-seater And with this, their first attempt, they confounded low-wing monoplane. The Company at once the critics and achieved their aim of providing a offered them a corner of a hangar, and on March reliable, efficient, up-to-date aeroplane for the 29th, 1933, the first Miles Hawk took to the air. private owner’s purse. That their policy was From that moment began the serious production prophetic has been proved by the success of the of a series of monoplanes of which the civil aircraft and Service trainers which Hawk can truly be said to be the parent. succeeded the Hawk and which culmina­ It was an entire breakaway from their ted in the now-famous Miles Master— previous designs, such as the Martlet fast advanced Monoplane Trainer for the (1929) and Satyr (1931), which had all Monoplane Pilots of the R.A.F.

O/Ve gentrous/y /t> Airfare $enevfrlcntFund A I R C R A F

CONSTRUCTED BY PHILLIPS 4 POWIS AIRCRAFT LIMITED . SOM EW HERE IN tNGlAND

C » M A 0 H fM') h T h e A e r o p l a n e Adverlhements 16 MAY 22, 1942

• • • am I amazed that anyone should have found it possible to outrival us in the business of cold- resisting clothing, but, Gentlemen, I also have to admit these Irvinsuits can be discarded in warm weather or when the pilots who wear them return to their dens.

Irvinsuit

A product of THE IRVING AIR CHUTE OF

GREAT BRITAIN' LIMITED LETCH WORTH, HERTS, ENGLAND

Telephone: Letchworth 888 Telegrams: “ Irvin, Letchworth.” Fridle in Achievement

HE SHORT STIRLING heavy bomber forms an strating the Stirling to an R.A.F. crew, pulled up the nose Timportant landmark in the history of Air Power. It of the aeroplane until it stood vertically on its tail and was the first of the great four-motor bombers which are stalled it in that position. The Stirling dropped its nose already playing such an important part in the war effort and after a short dive, level flight was restored. Unfortu­ of the United Nations and are destined—as the Prime nately, the pilot had forgotten to warn his tail gunner Minister made clear in his recent broadcast—to play a before starting this manoeuvre and that luckless individual, primary role in the final defeat of the Axis Powers. hurled across the sky as the bomber dropped its nose, Not only was the Stirling the first of our big bombers attempted to " bale out.” However, he stuck in the escape but it is also the only bomber at present used by the hatch and was able to get back into the fuselage when the R.A.F. which was designed from the outset as a four- bomber returned to its normal attitude. The Test Pilot, motor type. Both its contemporaries, the Halifax and overcome with remorse at this thoughtlessness, then occu­ the Lancaster, were originally designed to take two Rolls- pied the rear turret while another pilot repeated the Royce Vultures, and only later became four-motor manoeuvre. He was thus able to appreciate the magnitude aeroplanes. of the gunner’s ordeal. The design of the Short Stirling was based on Air Recently, during some of our very heavy night attacks on Ministry specification B. 12/36, and, as this indicates, work Germany, Stirlings have been selected, for the longest trip was started on it in 1936. The original layout of the Short of the night and have twice bombed the Skoda works, at S.29—the works number given to the Stirling before the Pilsen, in Czechoslovakia, each time flying 1,400 miles over name was chosen—was tried out by building a half-scale strongly defended enemy territory. model, the Short S.31. After, thorough tests had been Although our four-motor bombers have been in service made with the model, the design of the new bomber went for some time now, it is only recently that they have been forward, and the big machine fulfilled all the hopes raised arriving in the squadrons in good numbers. The enormous by the flying of its “ small brother.” amount of work which goes into the construction of a big The prototype, with four 1,375 h.p. Bristol Hercules II bomber presented serious obstacles to their manufacture in motors, first flew in May, 1939. This machine was crashed quantity. After three years of hard work these difficulties and “ written off ” on landing at the end of its maiden have been yovercome and the Stirling is now coming off the flight, but this did not delay production, and the second assembly lines in an ever-swelling stream. Stirling was flying shortly after the outbreak of War. As the numbers used have increased so the weight of our By August, 1940, the production Stirling I, with attacks has gone up, judged by the old standards in carrying 1,595 h.p. Hercules XI motors, was beginning to come into capacity; the Stirling’s bomb load is nearly four times that service with No. 7 Squadron, R.A.F., the first unit to be of its two-motor predecessors. This factor, more than any equipped with the new bomber. Some months were spent other, promises far greater success for our air offensive on in gaining flying experience with it. Then, on the night Germany than the Nazis achieved during their assault on of February 10-11, 1941, the squadron made its first attack this country during 1940-41. on Germany. Ever since then the Stirling has been bomb­ The German bombers were unsuitable for their work. ing the enemy in ever-increasing numbers, both with the Their carrying capacity, quite apart from their lack of British motor and with the American Wright Cyclone, numbers, was not big enough to have any chance of which is an alternative power unit. decisive results from night attacks. In daylight, our Of the many operations of Bomber Command during the fighters had swept them from the skies and their crews were past 15 months in which the Stirling has taken part, the untrained for night operations. daylight attacks on the occupied French ports stand out. Now it is our turn. Britain has long been a believer in They set new standards in heavy bomber operations and “ strategic bombing.” The time has come for us to prove clearly established the remarkable fighting powers of the the soundness of our policy. Equipped with the right tools very large turret-defended bomber, even against strong for the job, the R.A.F. is tackling its task with vigour, and forces of fighters. the Germans have already found their new treatment most During some of its daylight operations over occupied unpleasant. Let them have patience; we have barely territory the Stirling has had a full share of excitement. The begun! historic occasion when the Commanding Officer of our first In this ambitious plan for victory the Stirling is playing, Stirling squadron disposed of three Messerschmitt Me 109E and is to play, a key part. The men and women who are fighters when these attacked his unescorted bomber over building these aeroplanes are indeed privileged, for theirs northern France was not an isolated incident. On many is a direct responsibility for the success of our cause. The other attacks Stirlings operating in daylight have given weapons they are forging will deliver, in Mr. Churchill’s evidence of the effectiveness of their turrets and their powers words, “ the shattering strokes of retributive justice,” and of manoeuvre in combat. will pave the way to the fulfilment of our task and the It is on record that one of Short’s Test Pilots, demon­ return to the World of prosperity and peace. wmme&

[Tobruk from the air during the British advance in 1940 Being an address by Air Chief Marshal Sir Arthur Longmore, G.C.B., D.S.O., formerly A.O.C.-in- Chief, R.A.F., Middle East, before the Royal Empire Society on May 12, 1942, in which he surveyed the air opeiations from M id-M ay, 1940 to M ay 1, 1941, during which he was in command.

HE R.A.F. COMMAND, Middle East, coincided geographic­ Occasionally an aircraft carrier operation resulted in a welcome ally with General Wavell’s Army Command, but also addition of Hurricanes. Tincluded Malta. It thus covered all R.A.F. units operating The enormous disadvantage of exterior lines of communica­ in Egypt, Palestine and Trans-Jordan, East Africa, Aden and tion was felt by the R.A.F. almost as much as by the Army. Somaliland, Iraq, the Mediterranean Sea, Red Sea, the Persian Though certain aircraft could fly out, their maintenance crews, Gulf and Greece. spare parts and ground equipment had to come by ship. A The closest co-operation existed between the C.-in-C. Medi­ glance at the map will show the great contrast between our terranean, Admiral Sir Andrew Cunningham, the C.-in-C. of own and the enemy’s problems in this respect. the Army, General Sir Archibald Wavell, and myself, but no There were frequent waits for aircraft held up somewhere supreme Commander-in-Chief of all three Services was nomi­ on the air reinforcing routes—a ship with a precious load of nated. Army and Air Force Headquarters were housed in the aircraft or vital spares failed to arrive. A whole batch of same building; the offices of General Wavell and myself were new American fighters, after arrival, were discovered with on the same floor. A senior Naval Liaison Officer represented defects which prevented their immediate operational use. the Naval C.-in-C. at combined Headquarters. Frequent Sometimes they were held up for weeks. meetings of Cs.-in-C. controlled policy and ensured co-ordina­ For these and other reasons the figures at the Air Ministry tion. of aircraft estimated to be ready in the Middle East by a On the entry of Italy into the War on June 11, 1940, the certain date for some new and pressing commitment seldom, R.A.F. in Egypt and Palestine totalled 40 Gladiator fighters, if ever, coincided with our own figures. 70 Blenheim bombers, 24 Bombay and Valentia bomber- Misunderstandings and the exchange of many signals transports, 24 Army Co-operation Lysanders and 10 Sunderland frequently resulted from the difference in the picture as seen flying-boats. Behind these was a reserve of approximately by those at home and by ourselves in the Middle East. Com­ 100 per cent, in Gladiators, Blenheims and Lysanders. It was mitments continued to arise ahead of our capacity to meet them tantalising that the Turks had Hurricanes and we had none. in full. They were frequently accepted on promise of rein­ forcements which arrived too late. Perhaps these conditions The Italian Air Force in Libya consisted of approximately were inevitable through our general unpreparedness for a 200 modern bombers and 200 fighters, plus various obsolete World War and from our preoccupations at home. I give types. Reinforcement of these from Italy was possible at any this “ background " so that a true picture of that first year time. of the War in the Middle East may be presented. In Sudan, Kenya and Aden a total of some 150 aeroplanes At the outset of war with Italy, in consultation with of various types, including Gladiators, Blenheims and Admiral Cunningham and General Wavell, I decided that the Wellesleys, were opposed by a slightly larger force in Italian main tasks of the R.A.F. under my command should be as East Africa. The Italians could fly bomber reinforcements direct follow:— from Libya to Eritrea, and frequently did so, Crossing the (a) Early offensive action against enemy air bases to Sudan by night. They even carried about 40 C.R.42 fighters neutralise his numerical superiority. that way, packed up inside the fuselage of the large S.M.82 (b) Destruction of resources of all sorts in Italian East transports. The longest hop was more than 1,000 miles. Africa, where practically no replenishment was possible Our ability to ship aircraft reinforcements regularly from except by air. the United Kingdom through the Mediterranean only remained (c) Full support of the British Army wherever and when­ while Italy was neutral. Before the collapse of France a last- ever their operations were in progress. minute attempt was made to reinforce by air from the United (d) Offensive action against enemy ports to damage or Kingdom, but only three Blenheims and six Hurricanes arrived destroy submarines, shipping and port facilities. safely. (e) Strategical reconnaissance for Naval, Army and Air For the next 11 months aircraft reinforcements arrived from information, and time to time by various routes and methods. Those with long- (f) Fighter defence of Fleet base, the Suez Canal, Red range tanks could fly out, though losses en route were occasion­ Sea convoy route, and Military Areas. ally serious. Some came by ship to West Africa, ^-were To give some idea of the R.A.F.’s work in the Middle East assembled there and flown across Africa to Egypt. Others it will probably be simpler to take each front or sector came by the long sea route to Suez round the Cape. separately. T h e a e r o p l a n e MAY 22, 1942

When performance demands more blades de Havilland provide T h e A e r o p l a n e Advertisements 18 MAY 22, 1942

AN INTERLUDE FOR USERS OF HIDUMINIUM ALUMINIUM ALLOYS HIGH DUTY ALLOYS LTD. SLOUGH MAY 22, (942 581 T h e A e r o p l a n e

Malta From June to September, 1940, no major land operations Here was a most interesting problem. It had been considered took place. But from the outset, constant R.A.F. attacks that because it was close to Sicily and so within easy reach were made on Italian aerodromes and bases, such as Tobruk, of the Italian Metropolitan Air Force, the operation of any Derna, and later Benghazi. Successful results were obtained aircraft, even fighters, would be out of the question. Thus, through the promptness of attack after war was declared, both bv the first day of war with Italy there were no aircraft on against Libyan bases and those in Italian East Africa, from the 'isi».nd, and only the A.O.C., Air Vice-Marshal Maynard, Sudan. The Italians were slow in adopting a policy of full and a small nucleus of R.A.F. officers, remained. It was dispersal of aircraft, petrol and other dumps. “ Twice armed too much for these officer-pilots to watch Italian bombers is he who has his quarrel just, but three times armed is he who leisurely cruising overhead. They found some packing cases gets his blow in fust.” Within our limited capacity that was in the dockyard labelled “ Sea Gladiators they opened the our policy on June 11, 1940. cases and found the parts of four of these fighters, which were In September, 1940, the Italians attacked and penetrated actually reserves of the Fleet Air Arm. After assembly and a East of Sidi Barrani, which comprised a collection of huts on few practice flights they were out for business against the the coast midway between the frontier port at Solium and next raiders which came over. They scored an immediate Mersah Matruh. This was troublesome to the R.A.F. through success, for down came an Italian S.M.79 in flames. The the loss of the advanced landing ground there from which effect on morale throughout the island was instantaneous. fighters could escort our bombers. Italians could now use the Troops and civilians can stand a lot of bombing if they can landing ground for the same purpose. This was our first see, or know, that the enemy are paying dearly. So it was experience of the advantage to the attacker of gaining forward with the Maltese, whose coolness and courage during a raid airfields, and the part which such considerations should play in I had the opportunity of seeing during a flying visit I paid the plan of ground operations. to the Island in September, 1940. By October, 1940, our aircraft supply situation was much Since that first air success the fighter strength has gradually improved. Hurricanes had begun to replace Gladiator fighters. been built up, sometimes from our meagre reserve in Egypt, It seemed likelv at last that we could adequately support our sometimes direct from home, until now, with its powerful rapidly growing British Army in their coming Libyan counter­ and efficient A.A. defence, the Island is probably the best offensive. However, increasing tension between Italy and air-defended locality in the World. Greece now indicated another commitment, and one entirely The use of its bomb-scarred airfields is not entirely confined unprovided for. to fighters; larger long-distance aircraft come and go on their Though no definite promise had been made for the dispatch various missions. The Naval strategical value of Malta was of troops or aircraft to Greece in the event of an attack by always great, and now its air strategical value is of equal Italy, we had undoubtedly encouraged the Greeks to resist importance. aggression. Italy invaded Greece from Albania on October 28, The reprovisioning of the Island in food, ammunition and 1940. Within three weeks two R.A.F. fighter squadrons and petrol is not easy now ; but, while stocks remain, the daunt­ two Blenheim squadrons arrived in Greece from Egypt at the less courage of the defenders and of the population will ensure expense of the small force of air squadrons assembling in the that Malta holds out. I am sure that all members of our Western Desert. Empire Society are watching their stout defence with profound This left the equivalent of 10 squadrons, two of which were admiration. Hurricanes, for the support of the Army in Libya in their Egypt and Libya offensive which opened on December 9. As you will remember, This front has remained the main theatre of war throughout this offensive was highly successful, more so even than antici­ the Middle East, the defence of Egypt and the Canal Area pated. After the defeat of the Italians at Sidi Barrani, rapid being considered of the first importance. progress was made by our Army. Bardia was captured on

TURIN—\ I *S£NOA. \Corunt 7 fBJLMl B U K flR E S T )r3qosia4/ •burgos / MfiDRld JGterin w n b u l - I •ANKARA ERWRU1 g = |& Eskisehir TRJHSIKm'iL W ^ yrn%f

WTWPOLTM mEDITERRANE/IN-^Si 'Beirut DAMASCUS oRflGHDflD vJERUSfltEM \ \ ______\______\_BASRfL ■ISLANDS

MUJUUK lla Cisneros 'W ahuelt'ehir Aswan \Medina • ForlGouraud -•Tummo

WESnr PSudai Timbuktu WstLOuM I I Nema '.uhaiya y a r n m I •^MUKALL -.h a d *Hodeida 1T H U R & T M Kolda mMasaakon ’ISAM - i Bignona /Ck.-* NnmiEmA • M d3sema M illu Kodok .fiaosa Dessiei X/iGarua flrchambauLt FREETOWN %Ngaundere ’IN D I A N lonovia •J ib a ti | ~= OC E A N A CAMEVWKONS iQhbJaj DWLfi lando Pd.Tj Inonqo ^ tCoQuilhatville WPort' B,\IEIL<&IIAN 3 u to M Wismayd TGentil <£ONQ )•LEOPOLDVILLE ovfOMBflSfl.

AIR DOMINATION.—A map of the Middle East war area showing the main aerodromes known to be in existence in September, 1940. Later, countless aerodromes and landing grounds were established by both sides, many of which changed hands during the British advance and retreat. T h e A e r o p l a n e 582 MAY 22, 1942

agriculturally and well colonised under the late Marshal Balbo’s regime. I found at Barce one British squadron comfortably installed in a two-storey building, with its aircraft dispersed round a grass airfield, a welcome change from desert sand and the bare shelter afforded by the side curtains of Motor Transport vehicles. At Benina airfield, outside Benghazi, No. 3 Royal Australian Air Force Squadron, now equipped with Hurricanes, were housed in what remained of blitzed accommodation at a once well-equipped terminal airport, the pride of Marshal Balbo. This Australian Squadron had done magnificently throughout, and was typical of what a desert-trained squadron should be—hard, seasoned pilots and ground crews, ready to meet and overcome all difficulties cheerfully, and the best improvisors (or should I say " scroungers ” ?) in OVER THE PYRAMIDS.—Bristol Blenheim I medium bombers of the R.A.F. above the Middle East. The same applied the Pyramids in the early stages of the campaign in the Western Desert. to the R.A.F. squadrons after six months of desert conditions. In spite of limited water supply and lack January 5, 1941, Tobruk on January 22, Derna on January 30, of vegetables or fruit over long periods during operations, the and finally Benghazi was occupied on February 6. health of officers and men was surprisingly good. Lucky were Throughout the whole advance the R.A.F., under Air Vice- those squadrons near the coast and a sandy bathing beach. Marshal Collishaw, maintained a sufficient degree of "air Frequently you read or hear of sand or dust storms. These superiority to prevent serious enemy air interference with our are various. A khamsin, or hot sand wind, is particularly troops. By day Blenheims attacked back aerodromes, lines of prevalent in April and May. Occasionally, it shuts down communication and troop concentrations. At night Welling­ flying over large areas for upwards of 24 to 48 hours. It may tons (recently arrived), Bombays and Valentias ^attacked extend to a considerable height. That is not the only trouble, Tripoli and other, back area targets. Strategic reconnaissance for now the whole surface of the desert along the coastal belt was the responsibility of one particular Blenheim squadron. from Derna to Alexandria has been cut up by vehicles of Though outnumbered by over three-to-one in fighters, we all sorts. Any wind over 20 miles an hour, aided by a hot had, in addition to the Gladiators, 35 Hurricanes with superior sun, may set the whole surface of loose sand on the move. performance to the enemy C.R.42s. They were used for low The result is that a pilot may start off from a perfectly clear machine-gun attacks on M.T. convoys on the lines of com­ munication, particularly on tankers. A few were used for airfield at, say, 7 a.m. and return to find it completely blotted cut by blowing sand three hours later. Flying conditions in tactical reconnaissance for which the slow Lysanders were too vulnerable to attack by enemy fighters. This new method of the Middle East are by no means always ideal. employing Hurricanes was most successful and kept the slower Mid-February, 1941, saw the end of the successful advance, but more manoeuvrable Italian fighters continually on the and the commencement of a short-lived effort at consolidation defensive. in Cyrenaica, with forward outposts at Agheila. All praise to Shortly after the occupation of Benghazi, I visited all Air the X lllth Corps under General O’Connor for their magnificent Force squadrons in Cyrenaica. My first stop from Cairo was effort. The R.A.F. had been proud to support them; and El Adem, a short way inland from Tobruk. Here the Italians how satisfactory for the Commander of No. 202 Group R.A.F. had developed a good aerodrome with workshop facilities and (Air Vice-Marshal Collishaw) to receive a special order of the freshly constructed barracks and stores. Our repair and day from the Commander of the X lllth Corps in appreciation salvage section, which had moved there, was glad of some of the wonderful work of the R.A.F. “ whose determination shelter and even the use of some undamaged equipment. Sheds and fine fighting qualities made the campaign possible.” The and barracks had suffered from our attacks, but the remark­ Air Force was sad when, some weeks later, General O’Connor able sight around the airfield was the number of Italian air­ was taken prisoner. craft burnt out or broken up. I saw similar sights as I motored Back in Cairo, the cries from Greece for more air reinforce­ past landing grounds on the way to Derna4 while at Benina, ments were loud and frequent. Signals from home required main aerodrome of Benghazi, nearly 100 derelict aircraft could me to form a Balkan reserve of ten squadrons, but where they be counted. were to come from was not clear. Squadrons in Cyrenaica All this was satisfactory evidence of the effectiveness of our which had been hard at it for two months were in urgent bombing and machine-gun attacks. It also showed what need of re-equipping. The most that could be left in Cyrenaica heavy losses in aircraft were likely to be incurred by an Air was three squadrons; one Army Co-operation and two fighters. Force in rapid retirement, through having to abandon unser­ Farther South, the R.A.F. in Sudan and from Aden, as well viceable aircraft, damaged by bombing, or perhaps lacking as the South African Air Force from Kenya, were fully some spare or small repair. occupied supporting General Platt’s and General Cunningham’s Tobruk was an astonishing sight. In the harbour a dozen offensives in Eritrea and Abyssinia. We were stretched beyond ships lay sunk or beached, among them the “ Marco Polo,” a our capacity. Fresh aircraft were not arriving from home as large passenger ship, and the cruiser “ San Giorgio ” which fast as they were being used up. had been severely damaged in one of the early R.A.F. raids No sooner had the R.A.F. reductions and similar Army ones on the port. Within the perimeter defences were derelict been made in Cyrenaica than the German Air Force began vehicles, including some very useful large Fiat lorries, many of to appear on the scene and by the end of February had which were made serviceable; stocks of food, chianti wine, assumed a leading role in the enemy air effort, which was petrol and ammunition. An R.A.F. squadron occupying the directed at first against Benghazi. local aerodrome had borrowed from the prisoners’ camp one or two Italian sailors, who were, glad to be back at their old About this time, the end of February, 1 9 4 1 , reconnaissance profession of waiters and were most useful in the Officers’ Mess. of Tripoli revealed considerable shipping activity, added to In the same squadron I also met Antonio, much more con­ which German Ju 52 transport aircraft were observed on cerned for the professional and technical reputation of the enemy aerodromes. However, there was no particular reason Italian Diesel lorries and their satisfactory running than with at that time to suppose that enemy reinforcements were for sabotaging the vehicles to prevent their further use by the any other purpose than to stop our further advance towards R.A.F. That was an interesting sidelight on the outlook of Tripoli. Anyway, nothing much could be done about it, for the ordinary Italian towards the War—'which he obviously at a conference at Tatoi, outside Athens, on February 22, a detested. fresh commitment had been accepted to send Imperial troops I spent a night at Barce, North of Benghazi, in a comfort­ and additional squadrons to support Greece in the coming able Italian hotel which was still staffed by Italians. I had German attack from the Balkans—immediately. The con­ an excellent service ration dinner at the Italian Officers’ Club. ference was attended by the King of Greece, Prime Minister The town was undamaged. It was the centre of a large agri­ Korysis (successor to Metaxas), General Papagos, Mr. Eden cultural district; one must remember that the whole country (Foreign Secretary), General Dill (C.I.G.S.), General Wavell, North of a line joining Derna and Benghazi had been developed a Naval representative and myself. MAY 22, 1942 583 T h e A e r o p l a n e

I stayed on a week in Greece visiting R.A.F. squadrons, and February and March, 1941. Many of these air fights took place by the time I returned to Cairo by air on March 3, it had within sight of the Greek front-line troops. been pretty well established that German forces had reached From base aerodromes round Athens and from airfields near Tripoli and that their strength was something over two the front our Squadrons continued to harass the Italian lines divisions, one of them armoured. of communication and to support the Greek Army. I took On March 30, in Libya, our forward troops at Agheila fell the opportunity to visit the Squadrons operating from forward back under German pressure and once started the withdrawal airfields up in the villages between the mountains, where the continued. On April 5, I was at Khartoum discussing with weather changed almost from hour to hour. At one of these the Air Officers Commanding Sudan, Aden, and East Africa I saw quite a large proportion of the aircraft temporarily what squadrons could now be moved to Libya or Greece, bogged after a heavy rainfall. The officers and men, how­ following the then almost successful conclusion of the ever, seemed to appreciate the change from the heat and Abyssinian campaign. I arranged for the immediate transfer sand of Libya to mountains and wet grass. of those squadrons which had a few modern aircraft left It is no exaggeration to claim that the Greeks had full serviceable. support from the R.A.F. against the Italians, and would, in Next day, April 6, my diary records as follows:—" Spent my opinion, have reached Valona if the intervention of the the morning flying the 1,000 miles up to Cairo. Arrived in Germans iat the beginning of April had not changed the time for lunch.” Things were not too bright. The German whole situation. Armoured Division was getting along far too fast in Cyrenaica. The Germans invaded Greek Macedonia on April 6 at four The Balkan War had started. The Germans had invaded points, their main thrust being along the Struma valley. Northern Greece and Jugoslavia—not to mention trouble in The R.A.F. in Greece numbered scarcely 200 aircraft, including Iraq which might lead anywhere. A C.-in-C.’s conference in reserves. The Germans were known to have had more than the afternoon attended by Mr. Eden and General Dill. Decisions 1,000 on the Greek and Jugoslav front, and that figure takes made as to what should be held. One of these decisions was no account of the Italian Air Force in Albania, which, it must to hold Tobruk. By the end of the month Rommel’s force be remembered, could be reinforced and maintained by aircraft had by-passed Tobruk, and was in possession of Halfaya Pass, flown over the short distance from Italy. Solium and Sidi Omar. Except for Tobruk, we were back Time does not permit me to relate the sequence of events which culminated in the final evacuation of the Imperial Forces where we started in June, 1940, but in that period the Italian at the end of April. The R.A.F. made gallant efforts to delay Army in Libya and their Air Force had been soundly defeated the German advance. In one instance, a formation of six and more than 100,000 Italian prisoners were in the bag. Blenheims attacked the German Armoured Forces coming South At no time during Rommel’s rapid advance did the Germans in the Monastir Gap; not one of this formation returned. achieve any definite air superiority, except for periods over W hat was possible against Italians, in spite of odds against us, Tobruk after its investment. His success was due to the was not possible against Germans. Their vastly superior Air strength, efficiency and mobility of his armoured force. Force, working with their rapidly advancing Army, took heavy toll of dispersed aircraft on our airfields. Ten Blenheims were Greece destroyed and several more damaged at one of our forward I have already spoken of the dispatch of four R.A.F. bases, and a little later thirteen Hurricanes suffered the same Squadrons to Greece immediately after Italy’s invasion from fate elsewhere. Albania on October 28, 1940, to which were added, in January, In spite of' this, the Germans by no means had it all their 1941, three more, two of which were fighters. There were own way in air fighting, for on the 19th and 20th April our no British troops there except those for A.A. defence of aero­ remaining Hurricanes destroyed a total of 29 German aircraft dromes, and those necessary for ancillary services to the and damaged 15 more. However, there was little left with R.A.F. The Greeks held the view at that time (in November, which to provide the necessary fighter cover to the Navy during the evacuation, and no more fighters could be spared 1940) that the landing of a small British Expeditionary Force from Libya or from the Fleet base at Alexandria. Blenheims would precipitate a German invasion of Macedonia. fitted as fighters provided such cover for convoys as was pos­ The Greek Air Force, with their mixture of rather obsolete sible in the vicinity of Greece, while the few Hurricanes and aircraft, Polish, French, German and English, did very well Gladiators which had reached Crete provided patrols over against the Italians in the early stages, but through lack of convoys approaching that island. It is of interest that on spares and replacements could not, for long, maintain their April 30 there were only just over 40 Hurricanes left in the aircraft. Thus the bulk of the air work fell on the seven whole of Libya, Egypt and Crete. British Squadrons. In years to come, historians will, no doubt, deal very fully The Greek soldier is a grand mountain fighter and one thing with the unsuccessful Greek adventure. In the meantime, one he liked to see from his positions in the Albanian Mountains frequently Hears the expression “ Lessons of Greece ” used was what the Air Force was doing for him. No doubt it was in conjunction with'another one, even more widely used, good that they should bomb Valona, Durazzo, Brindisi, and " Lack of air support.” We did not lose Greece solely ether ports through which all supplies for the Italian Army because we were weak in the air. We lost it because we did in Albania must pass, but these were out of sight. What not have ready and thoroughly organised in Greece a balanced thoroughly raised his enthusiasm and morale was a good force of all arms, including ground and air, of equal strength bombing of the village or strong point in Italian hands imme­ to the German invaders, and with secure communications diately in front of him, which he could see and which was to having sufficient capacity to maintain that force. be his own objective in the near future. There were many The historian will deal with the question of whether, lacking occasions such as this, with fighter opposition very weak, such a force of the strength necessary and with communica- where dive bombers would have been of the greatest use. I know full well, and appreciate, the arguments in favour of our own policy in putting our bomber aircraft production effort into strategical bombers, but the dive bomber is a weapon of morale; a stimulant to the troops which it sup­ ports, and the reverse to the object of its attention. However, we had Vice-Marshal d’Albiac met the occasional demand from General Papagos for support bombing with his Blenheims doing high-level attacks. At no time did the Italian Air Force achieve real air superiority, in spite of odds in their favour. The two British fighter squadrons on that Albanian front brought down 115 Italian machines during January,

ON THE EAST AFRICAN FRONT.— Hawker Hurricane single-seat fighters flown by the South African Air Force flying over the bare, rocky country of the Sudan. The Aeroplane 584 may 22, m 2 tions always threatened from the enemy-held Dodecanese Islands, we were justified in attempting to support that brave little country of Greece. It may well be found that unless we had showed Turkey and Jugoslavia that we were prepared to take the risk and to send such forces as we could, there would be no hope of these two countries joining us in the task of defending Greece. As it turned out, Turkey stood aside and Jugoslavia came in too late for a co-ordinated plan to operate effectively. We had lost Greece; we subsequently lost Crete, but we still held Egypt and the Suez Canal; nor did the half-baked Axis coup in Iraq materialise. The time-itable for it had gone wrong. Above all, we could still hold our heads up when Greece was mentioned; we had done our best for them within t o T r l IAIN u L A U lA I —oioster 'oiaaiator singie-seai. ngm-co our limited capacity. (one 840 h.p. Bristol Mercury IX motor) saw service on many fronts Italian East Africa before being superseded by later types with better performance. Elsewhere there is a better tale to tell. Early in January They are here seen flying over flat-roofed buildings typical of the General Platt’s force opened the offensive from the Sudan, Middle East, where they did splendid work during the 1940 campaign supported by six R.A.F. squadrons under the command of Air Commodore Slatter. With the exception of the South African Force, under Air Commodore W. Sowry, supported this squadrons, which had a few Hurricanes, and one Blenheim advance. Six squadrons operated, of which one included squadron, the others consisted of old types—Wellesleys, Hurricanes and another some Glenn Martin bombers. Otherwise Lysanders and various biplanes. the types were Battles, Ju 86s (German aircraft bought before The squadrons operated from improvised airfields, making the W ar), and some biplanes. Some Italian air opposition was use of whatever cover existed ; mostly scrub and thorn trees, experienced, but the destruction of 10 Italian aircraft during but at least shelter, and providing some camouflage back­ the first two days went a long way towards establishing the ground. Here as elsewhere no praise can be too high for the complete air superiority which the South African Air Force woj.k of the pilots, aircrews and ground maintenance crews. gained in these operations. It was a stimulant to visit them and see how they had over­ Aden played an important part in the early stages of the come their difficulties, and how cheerful they were about it. Italian War. There were known to be some eight submarines In addition to heat and dust at the aerodromes from which in Italian Red Sea ports, in addition to destroyers. These, they operated, the flights into Abyssinia during the rainy together with the Italian bombers which could operate from season frequently involved flying over mountains up to 7,000 conveniently placed coastal aerodromes, provided a serious to 9,000 ft. in heavy rain to reach their objectives. Of all threat to our shipping. the airfields I visited in the whole Middle East Asea, I think It was the duty of the Air Force at Aden to defend the port the conditions at Port Sudan were probably the worst. The itself and to safeguard as far as possible the convoys passing heat alone was bad enough, but even the air above was usually the Italian coast from air attack. a chick dust haze with a sickly yellow sun shining through it. It speaks well for the Squadrons under the command of However, here a fighter flight of Gladiators defended the port, Air Vice-Marshal Reid, that during the whole period only two and from the same base Blenheims or Wellesleys provided the ships were damaged by bombs. One of these was sunk. escort for convoys coming up from the Red Sea. During August, 1940, Aden provided the main base for Farther South, from Gallabat, the old Vickers Vincent supplies and reinforcements destined for British Somaliland biplanes were frequently used to maintain contact with the during the Italian offensive, which resulted in the temporary Abyssinian Patriots, who were getting very active against the evacuation of this strip of territory, which was difficult to Italians in the region South of Lake Tana. These old biplanes, defend, with Vichy-French Jibuti on its flank. It was with their slow landing speed and reasonable take-off, used re-occu,pied on March 16, 1941. some strange landing grounds in the course of their work, Although some pockets of resistance still continued to hold and their pilots have some interesting tales to tell of their out, the first week in April of 1941 may be considered as sojourns with the Abyssinians. marking the end of the Abyssinian Campaign. Our forces, The morale of the Italian Air Force under the leadership Army, South African, and Air, had achieved a remarkable of their Viceroy, the Duke of Aosta, himself an active pilot, success. We had honoured another obligation and, after a was probably better than in Libya, but the few Hurricanes campaign lasting barely three months, had put Haile Selassie which we used 'both from the Sudan and from Kenya certainly back on his throne. Misfortunes in Greece at the time over­ damped the ardour of the Italian pilots. The very presence shadowed our success in Abyssinia. of these modern fighters on that front enabled our old-type In the attempt to condense one year’s intensive activity on bombers to be used with very few losses considering the work many fronts, it is inevitable that some valuable contributions they were doing. to our air effort in the Middle East should be crowded out. General Platt’s force, after crossing into Eritrea at Kassala I already notice that, like the good and worthy wife who is on January 23, came up against a stiff resistance at Keren, so often taken for granted, the Sunderland flying-boats and a* very strong defensive position, which lasted till March 27. their wonderful work in keeping watch over the Eastern All the older types of aircraft under the protection of the Mediterranean for Italian ships and submarines have been Hurricanes concentrated on the direct support of the Army, forgotten. In July, 1940, one of these boats sank an Italian and attacked targets both in and behind the enemy’s battle submarine, came down on the water and picked up the five position. This bombing, combined with the effect of artillery or six survivors, whom they flew back to base. In March, fire, seriously weakened Italian morale, and contributed largely 1941, a. Sunderland located the Italian Naval Force off Cape to the capture of this formidable obstacle, after which Asmara Matapan, which was subsequently decisively defeated by was occupied on March 31, and any air opposition virtually Admiral Cunningham. Two of the cruisers and one destroyer ceased. Hurricanes of the South African Squadron were espe­ had been damaged by bombs from the Blenheims called into cially prominent in these operations. In two attacks on enemy action from their Greek bases by the Sunderland. Again airfields they destroyed 16 Italian aircraft and damaged three Sunderlands took a leading part in the air evacuation from more! Greece of key personnel. I have taken passage in these boats I was able to fly from Cairo to Asmara via Khartoum early on very many occasions, in all weathers by night and day, in April, shortly after it was occupied by our troops. The and I have a very high opinion of their experienced crews. town itself was intact, except for the bombed railway station, Finally, one other omission, or nearly so—the Free French and the buildings at the airport. The Italians had certainly airmen, alas, far too few, who risked so much in flying their made a reasonable European town out of Asmara. Being Glenn Martins, Morane Fighters or other more elderly aircraft 6,000 ft. up the climate was reasonable. I stayed at a com­ over to Egypt from Syria and even from Tunisia. They were fortable hotel run and staffed by polite Italians. It didn’t a welcome addition to our Air Force and some of their air­ seem to matter that the electric light came from the power crews did very valuable work. station at Massawa, still at that time in Italian hands. Italian That concludes my tale of the first year of War in the Middle police continued to function; they even had their carbines, East as I saw it. One of the most pleasing recollections of although told, of course, that they must not use them. If one that year will always be the grand team spirit and close had to live in those parts, Asmara certainly had points over co-operation between the other two Commanders-in-Chief and Khartoum for climate and amenities. myself. It is the personal contact which counts in times of With the occupation of Massawa on April 8, practically all high pressure. Discussions by long-distance signal communi­ danger to the Red Sea shipping route was removed. cations may lead to misunderstandings and at times may even All this time General Cunningham and his Imperial Forces, become acrimonious in tone. I left my command with the a large proportion of which were South Africans, were making greatest regret, but with a feeling of intense admiration for rapid progress into Abyssinia from Kenya. He started this the young men of our R.A.F., as well as those of the Austra­ offensive on Feb. 10, and by the middle of March had reached lian, South African and Rhodesian Squadrons who had met well North of Mogadishu, after covering 755 miles in 309 days. each succeeding call on them with their usual courage, resource Addis Ababa surrendered on April 5. The South African Air and efficiency. MAY 22, 1942 Advertisements 19 T h e A e r o p l a n e

The HALIFAX Altogether the new Handley Page Halifax is a worthy addition tc our growing air strength, “Flight” HANDLEY PAGE LIMITED

Crown Copyright Reserved T h e A e r o p l a n e A Ivertisemmts 20 M AY 22, 1942 <*>

Write to-day for details— DOUGLAS (KINGS WOOD) LTD., P.O. Box No. Ik. KINGSWOOD, BRISTOL. Export Division: ENGINEERING & AVIATION EX­ PORTS LTD., 50, PALL MALL, S.W.I Cables ~ “Aerogal" London, Telephone - Abbey 62I0. MAY 22, 1942 585 T h e A e r o p l a n e THE ROYAL AIR FORCE

1 he Roll of Honour 'HE ONE HUNDRED-AND-THIRTY-FIRST Casualty List was T:published by the Air Ministry on May 19. It contains 255 names •of R.A.F. personnel, including those of 85 previously reported. Of those eight previously missing are now prisoners of war, 67 missing believed killed or missing are now reported and presumed killed in .action, one wounded has now died of wounds, and nine missing believed killed or missing are now presumed killed on active service. The List includes nine killed in action, five wounded, two died of wounds, 27 missing, believed killed and 56 missing. On active ser­ vice three are missing, believed killed, 38 have been killed, three wounded and 27 have died. The total of R.A.F. casualties officially reported since the War began is now 24,663. The One Hundred-and-Thirty-first Casualty List is:— Killed in Action 9 3 3 5 0 1 Sgt. P. H . F o ster. .1383183 Sgt. W. Cansick. 9 5 7 7 4 5 F/Sg;t. H. A. Goldsmith. 115323 P/O T. G. G. Chater. 1 1 7 3 9 2 5 Sgt. R. W. H u n t. 1381568 Sgt. R. E. Dixon. 5 6 8 2 3 7 Sgt. T. E. Jo rd an . 1200'61 P/O S. E. V. D. Kuhle. 4 8 0 9 5 P /O D. J . M orris. 9 5 4 2 0 4 Sgt. E. Rose. Previously Reported Missing 904509 Sgt. T. J. Sherriff. Believed Killed in Action, Now 4 8 1 1 1 P/OR. E. Smaridge. Presumed Killed in Action 1 2 8 2 7 8 5 Sgt. S. N. N. O. L. B. 67047 Act. F/L P. A. Jarvis. S m art. 945-604 Sgt. E. K. McAdam. 9 1 7 3 3 7 Sgt. G. R. Williams. 746831 F/Sgt. T. E. Stepney. 749369 Sgt. J. A. W ilson. Previously Reported Missing, Now Missing Presumed Killed in Action 1054882 Sgt. E. R. H. Anderson. 6 3 7 4 9 4 F /S g t. T. Armstrong. 1195088 Sgt. H. W. Blackmore. 9 5 2 9 9 1 Sgt. W . R. Balls. 6 8 7 5 1 P /O J. C. Boyers. 1 1 0 0 9 4 0 Sgt. R. A. B anks. 84026 F/O II. P. Brancker, 7 4 5 7 6 3 F /S g t. J. Bendall. D.F.C. 9 2 6 7 2 1 Sgt. P. M. Bennett. 915027 Sgt. J. H. Broadhead. BOMBS FOR HAWKER HURRICANE BOMBERS. 6 7 0 5 3 P /O W . R. Bloyce. 1 1 6 0 9 3 2 Sgt. R. B. Burrows. 9 1 2 2 2 9 Sgt. B. A. J. Boyse. 1 0 0 0 3 5 P /O P. N. Cann. 5 5 2 7 7 1 F /S g t. A. Brow n. 1375377 Sgt. T. K . C arter. 7 4 8 3 2 5 Sgt. D. A. Butterfield, 1 1 3 2 7 3 P /O I. McK. Cassavetti. 1196328 Sgt. A. C. Thomson. 4 2 1 5 7 4 L.A.C.W . I. Comlery. 1 1 6 6 1 6 1 Sgt. R. K. Clarke. 1188710 Sgt. W.. B’. Cattrall. 742642 F/Sgt. E. L. Tiley. 895505 L.A.C.W. 1. T. Tracey. Sgt. J. R . Cook. 745913 F/Sgt. J. G. Turner. 1 0 5 1 9 3 3 1 0 4 5 1 4 P/O C. S. C hurchill. ROYAL AUSTRALIAN AIR 9 1 8 1 3 7 Sgt. G. A. Crowther. 1365054 Sgt. W.. Clezy. 80704 Act. F/L A. A. V. 5 5 3 9 3 6 Sgt. P. J . Duffy. 926722 Sgt. H. S. G. Cullen. Waterfield. FORCE 1 0 0 5 7 3 8 Sgt. D. F . D unlop. 9 3 8 6 8 8 Sgt. R. Dawson. 1065432 Sgt. D. A. Wood. Killed in Action 9 5 0 6 1 0 Sgt. E. V. D urham . 1112246 Sgt. H. D racass. 1354828 Sgt. J. H. Young. Aus.400398 P/O A. C. Johnson. M. E lg ar. 9 1 2 3 4 P /O C. 4 0 6 8 5 F/LR. J . D unlop- Previously Reported Missing Believed Aus.407177 F/L S. F. Lee. 1 1 9 0 6 1 2 Sgt. E. S. Elm es. M ackenzie. Aus.403484 P/O G. D. MacPherson. I. N. Forsyth. Killed on Active Service, Now 5 6 4 6 0 7 F /S g t. 917854 Sgt. J. E. Durrant. Presumed Killed on Active Service Aus.402677 Sgt. H. W. T. Sloman. 6 8 8 1 7 P /O C. G. Gilmore. 1 0 6 5 6 4 P /O J. R. Feirn. Aus.402300 Sgt. L. T. Watson. 8 9 3 6 3 P /O P. F. R. Graham. 1293338 Sgt. H. II. Fetherston. 641987 A.C.l D. A. McLeish. 4 0 6 9 5 A ct. FIL D. G. Gribble. 7 5 4 8 8 4 F /S g:t. ;B. M. F ord. Previously Reported Missing, Now Previously Reported Missing, Now Presumed Killed in Action D.F.C. 6 2 6 0 1 9 F/Sgt. C. H. Gray, Presumed Killed on Active Service 7 4 8 3 5 8 Sgt. J. H alls. D.F.M. Aus.402474 Sgt. N. Tweedie. 977049 Sgt. R. Hamilton. 7 5 1 2 3 6 Sgt. B. W. Hamme;rsly. 1254040 Sgt. A. J. G. Bull. 1154518 Sgt. C. H. Hill. 1 0 4 5 7 2 P/O w.. G. F. Hawkins. 931770 Sgt. J. Smith. Previously Reported Missing Believed 1163169 Sgt. F . H olt. 8 8 8 7 5 A ct. F /L T. R. 1110539, S|t. W. K. Willcox. Killed in Action, Now Reported Killed in Action 1050133 Sgt. A. Kettlewell. H aw tho rn . Previously Reported Missing Believed 9 0 5 8 0 0 Sgt. A. W. Kirby. 1 0 5 3 7 9 9 Sgt. K. H ill. Killed on Active Service, Now Aus.402557 Sgt. L. M. Readett. 1 3 6 5 1 8 0 Sgt. A. S. Macdonald. 1153452 Sgt. D. A. B. Hume. Reported Killed on Active Service 1 2 5 2 0 9 4 Sgt. M. W. S. McVety. 7 2 5 1 7 A ct. W/C J. F. G. Missing Believed Killed in Action 1 3 0 4 7 3 9 Sgt. R . M arshall. Jenkins, D.S.O., D.F.C. 916123 F/Sgt. D. Thomas. Aus.402196 Sgt. W. F. Anderson. 4 0 3 1 3 F/L J. C. Martin. 9 2 5 6 8 6 Sgt. E. C. Johnson. Wounded or ln :ured on Active Aus.404614 P/O L. _W. Bailey. 9 7 7 6 1 4 Sgt. J. E. Mylchreest. 3953.9 S/L P. J. R. Kitchin. Service Aus.400823 Sgt. A. T. Bott. 1167597 Sgt. R. A. Overson. 9 0 6 0 7 2 Sgt. O. H . L eggett. Aus.402003 Sgt. G. Gormall. 551743 F/Sgt. D. P alm er. 61.9899 Sgt. W . G. McDonald. 1289888 Sgt. R. W. Newman. Aus.402275 Sgt. R. K. Grimley. 8 9 7 8 4 P/O D. L. Petrie. 9 2 8 6 0 1 F /S g t. J R. H. Main. 111104 P/O R. C. Wescombe. Aus.404212 Sgt. H. J. Lammond. 9 9 0 7 5 3 Sgt. C. C. Procter. 6 2 7 6 5 9 Sgt. J. Mitchell. Died on Active Service Aus.400417 Sgt. S. Menzies. 7 5 4 1 1 8 Sgt. W. R aine. 1 0 5 6 5 8 6 Sgt. R. H. D. Morgan. Aus.400599 Sgt. G. P ark er. 9 6 8 9 5 6 Sgt. J . S. R am say. Oldknow. 509519 Sgt. W. Anderson. 1 1 0 8 9 4 0 Sgt. J. 1117818 A.C.2 T. E. Bray. Aus.408170 Sgt. G. Steele. 7 7 4 0 7 1 Sgt. G. L. Solm an. 1 0 0 0 6 9 P/O F. N. Pope. Aus.406200 Sgt. N. T ynan. 8 0 0 5 3 2 Sgt. H. E. Tem ple. 117618 P/O A. Calderwood. 9 9 5 7 6 5 Sgt. A. S. Ratcliffe. 72623 F/L P. T. Carden, M.C. Missing 9 0 8 6 5 7 Sgt. P. T hacker. 1304032 Sgt. F. A. Robinson. 1 1 0 8 1 8 2 Sgt. K.. A. Tomlinson. 1004510 A.C.2 J. F. Harpin. Aus.405151 Sgt. T. Essam. 1 0 1 8 2 1 9 Sgt. W. E. S m ith. 1499715 A.C.2 A. L. Hepburn. 1 0 6 2 9 5 8 Sgt. E. T ro tt. 9 6 9 9 8 8 Sgt. J. J. Stewart. Aus.403044 Sgt. P. Field. 9 1 7 6 1 0 Sgt. A. W. V ernon. D W alker. 502123 L.A.C. R. McDonald. Aus.402536 Sgt. J. C. Hannaford. 1256126 Sgt. A. 1 4 7 8 2 9 W.O. W. S. M cN aughton. 3 3 4 0 1 A ct. S /L M. W. 9 2 9 5 3 1 Sgt. E. F.' W elfare. W addington 1357199 L.A.C. J. T. Martin. Killed on Active Service 7 5 1 4 3 2 Sgt. W. D. W elham . 1477442 A.C.2 J. Maxwell. 9 1 0 0 1 6 Sgt. C. E. W agon. 1 0 7 3 1 5 P/O C. E . W hite. Aus.402591 Sgt. F. M. Donohoe. 7 5 1 0 9 7 Sgt. T. W halley. 1561157 A.C.2 W. D. Moodie. 4 2 9 2 8 A ct. F/L M. White. 1422136 A.C.2 H. V. Pardow. Previously Reported Missing, Now 7 5 1 1 6 5 Sgt. R. J . S. W icks. Reported Killed on Active Service 9 2 6 4 6 4 Sgt. E. A. C. Williams. Missing Believed Killed on Active 1621780 A.C.2 H. Pask. Service 977369 A.C.2 J. RobeTts. Aus.407594 Sgt. J. T. Small. Previously Reported Missing, Now 112288 P/O D. MacG. Brown. 1546842 A.C.2 J. P. Seaman. Aus.400684 Sgt. W. R. Wheeler. Reported Killed in Action 1392287 A.C.l E. G. Sherrin. 33163 S/L W. A. A. De Freitas, Killed on Active Service 12197 F/Sgt. F. H. Wakeling. ROYAL CANADIAN AIR FORCE 102556 P/O J. M. Fisher. 1467509 A.C.2 E. Williams. Previously Reported Missing Believed 817078 L.A.C. J. W. F. Allan. 930087 L.A.C. V. J. Williams. Wounded or Injured in Action 1113754 Sgt. W. Brand. Killed in Action, Now Presumed 1340081 A.C.l T. Wilson. Killed in Action 1267825 Sgt, W. H. Bond. 45618 P/O J. II. Braiybrooks. 986324 Sgt. A. J. Macaskill. 97879.0 Sgt. L. S. Collins. Previously Reported Missing, Now R.6.5349 Sgt. L. C. Bentley. 1251520 Sgt.. R. W. Cox. Reported Prisoner of War P .6 2 9 8 1 Sgt. D. S. Fisk. Died of Wounds or Injuries 1381487 Sgt. G. W. Dawson. 944613 Sgt T. Bell. J.3717 P/O J. A. Small. Receivod in Action 972095 Sgt. T. E- Dutton. 537648 A.C.l F Burn. R.60361 * Sgt. F. W. Wade. 11192 P/O K. Lloyd. 109053 P/O J. H. Ilackett. 970828 F/Sgt. J. G. Crossley. 1 0 1 0 8 0 P O C. H arriso n . Previously Reported Missing, Now 108167 P/O A. E. Lockwood. 1284696 Sgt. H. E. Graham. Presumed Killed in Action 1169517 A.C.l G. H. Horn. 971312 Sgt. K. T. Jackson. Previously Reported Wounded or 741603 F/Sgt. B. Johnson, D.F.M. 1051807 Sgt. R. Jefferson. R.56171 F/Sgt. D. J. Carmichael. Injured in Action, Now Reported 948031 Sgt. D. J. Levy. 844213 L.A.C. E C. Turner. R.71716 Sgt. H. R. Crowe. Died of Wounds or Injuries 1059599 Sgt. N. A. Lingard. 1001261 Sgt. R. H. Wattam. R.69036 Sgt. H. E. Fear. Received in Action 932199 Sgt. G.' II. F. McClay. 580710 F/Sgt. T. H. Bigmore. 932002 F/Sgt. W. M. Mason. Missing, Believed Killed in Action WOMEN’S AUXILIARY AIR R.51638 Sgt. J. M. Thompson. Missing Believed Killed in Action 47582 P/O F. Massey. FORCE 932392 Sgt. T. C. Massey. Missing 614-202 Sgt. G. B. Daines. 1312778 L.A.C. P. F. E. Newland. Died on Active Service J.6653 P/O J. F. Chevalier. 755327 Sgt. L. F. R. Davis. 656674 Sgt. F. L. Podbury. 2,068549 A.C.W.2 M. ,G. Andrews. R.76024 Sgt. W. R. Groff. 770799 Sgt. A. G. J. Delehaunt. 1341600 A.C.l F. Ryan. 3139 Asst. S/O E. M. Burrows R.80033 F/Sgt. W. M. Popplestone. 41000 S/L K. C. V. D. Dundas. 39130 S/L B. T. Scott. 448518 L.A.C.W. H. Burton. R.78073 Sgt. L. O. Stalker. D.F.C. 1253756 A.C.2 E. J. B. Smith. 896633 L.A.C.W. E. Cassidy. R.67530 Sgt. A. F. Williams. T h e A e r o p l a n e 586 M AY 22, 1942

Missing, Believed Killed on Active Previously Reported Missing, Now For gallantry and devotion to duty during air Operations both Service Presumed Killed In Action at home and then in the Middle East, Greece, the Western Desert, R.63017 Sgt. H. R. Hatfield. XZ.403777 Sgt. G. I. Harrowby. J.7642 Act. F/O W. L. Mackay. XZ.401217 Sgt. S. G. Libya, Syria and Malta and attacks on convoys in the Shirley-Thomson. Mediterranean:— Killed on Active Service Missing, Believed Killed in Action Bar to the Distinguished Flying Cross XZ.39946 S/L R. R. Stewart. J.5498 P/O F. B. Cobb. Flying Officer J. R. Anderson, D.F.C., R.A.F.V.R.—No. 10S J.5672 P/O J. R. Hebert. Missing Squadron. R.76075 Sgt. J. R. Keith. XZ.40914 F/Sgt. L. M. . Distinguished Flying Cross R .8 5 0 5 2 Sigt. R . W. L each. Chamberlain. R.73763 Sgt. A. T. Murtha. XZ.41932 P/O W. J. Parton. Act. Squadron Leader D. R. Bagnall—No. 108 Squadron. Act. Squadron Leader J. R. Bloxham—No. 69 Squadron. R.84580 Sgt. W. W. Smith. Killed on Active Service R.91658 Sgt. W. A. Walker. XZ.413545 Sgt. S. H. Robinson. Act. Squadron Leader J. P. Gilliard— No. 38 Squadron. Act. Squadron Leader F. J. Steel, R.N.Z.A.F.— No. 40 Squadron. Previously Reported Missing, Now SOUTH AFRICAN AIR FORCE Presumed Killed on Active Service Previously Reported Missing, Now Flight Lieutenant I. N. MacDougall—No. 260 Squadron. J.5315 P/O C. K. Bowen. Reported Killed in Action Act. Flight Lieut. A. R. Hall, R.A.F.V.R.— No. 260 Squadron. R.56466 Sgt. J. G. A. Richards. 10218a A ir Sgt. G. C. G reen. Act. Flight Lieut. J. S. Reeves, R.A.F.V.R.—No. 40 Squadron. Wounded or Injured in Action Flying Officer B. A. B. Attwood, R.A.F.V.R.—No. 208 Squadrou Wounded or' Injured on Active 102100 Air Sgt. R. E. M. Hague. (since died). Service 102606 Lt. Col. A. J. Mossop. Flying Officer J. T. Dick, R.A.F.V.R.—No. 70 Squadron. 102090 F/Sgt. R. G. Van Eyssen. R.95101 Sgt. C. W. Cudmore. Flying Officer J. G. M. Hooper, R.A.F.V.R. Missing Flying Officer C. S. B. Montagu, R.A.F.V.R.—No. 208 Squadron. 103129 Lt. J. M. W. Egner. ROYAL NEW ZEALAND AIR Lieutenant H. H. Smithers, S.A.A.F. FORCE Died on Active Service Previously Reported Missing Believed 96874 Air Mech. V. J. J. Hay. Pilot Officer E. C. L. Cordy, R.A.F.V.R. Pilot Officer F. J. E. Ison, R.A.F.V.R.— No. 40 Squadron. Killed in Action, Now Presumed INDIAN AIR FORCE K illed in Action Killed on Active Service Warrant Officer j. C. Grehan—No. 148 Squadron. , XZ.404352 Sgt. J. C. McK. Gibson. 1055984 F/O Man Mohan Singh. Distinguished Flying Medal Flight Sergeant C. A. Armstrong, R.N.Z.A.F.—No. 40 Squadron. Royal Air Force Awards Flight Sergeant J. D. Bingham— No. 69 Squadron. IS MAJESTY THE KING has approved the following awards Flight Sergeant G. S. W. Challen—No. 108 Squadron. for gallantry in bombing operations against the enemy, including Flight Sergeant C. W. Chalmers— No. 148 Squadron. attacksH on the Ruhr, Le Havre, Essen, Cologne, and to a fighter Flight Sergeant K. K. J. Coleman, R.N.Z.A.F.— No. 40 Squadron. Flight Sergeant M. de B. Collenette, R.A.F.V.R.—No. 108 Distinguished Service Order Squadron. Flight Lieutenant Peter Nixey— No. 214 Squadron. Flight Sergeant S. T. Geary, R.A.F.V.R.—No. 148 Squadron. Bar to the Distinguished Flying Cross Flight Sergeant O. L. Hawes— No. 38 Squadron. Squadron Leader R. M. Trousdale, D.F.C.—No. 409 (R.C.AF.) Flight Sergeant Arthur Moses—No. 69 Squadron. Flight Sergeant G. C. Tweedie, R.A.F.V.R.—No. 37 Squadron. . quadron. Distinguished Flying Cross Flight Sergeant George Williams, A.A.F.— No. 104 Squadron. Act. Squadron Leader J. F. Castle, R.A.F.V.R.—No. 226 Sergeant Attol James, R.N.Z.A.F.— No. 37 Squadron. Squadron. Flight Lieutenant R. R. Sandford—No. 44 (Rhodesia) Squadron R.A.F. BENEVOLENT FUND (since reported missing). 1, SLOANE STREET, S.W.1 Flight Lieutenant J. F. Wills, R.A.FW.R.—No. 156 Squadron.

Extracts from The London Gazette Air Ministry, May 12. Air Vice-Mshl. (act. Air Mshl.) Sir Patrick D. W. E. Penney (Sen. Dec. 15), R. E. G. ROYAL AIR FORCE H. L. Playfair, K.B.E., C.B., C.V.O., M.C., Strover (Sen. Nov. 19), L. W. Schulkins (Sen. G eneral Duties Branch. —To be Pit. Offs, on relinquishes the act. rank of Air Mshl. Mar. 6. Nov. 52), D. P. Caryer (Sen. Dec. 15), C. O. prob. (emergency):—Wt. Off.: H. D . Price. Mar. To be transf. to the Tech. Br.:—Gp. Capt. Pope (Sen. Dec. 8), Bert Ravenhill (Sen. Xov. Temp. Wt. Off: A. F. C. Valentine. Mar. Fit. (temp. Air Cdre.) H. H. M. Fraser. Apr. 30. 25). Feb.: E. R. Terry (Sen. Dec. 16), D. L. Sgt.: W. W. Saunders. Apr. Temp. Fit. Sgt.: Apr. 24, 1940: Gp. Capt. J. M. Glaisher, Wg. Jones (Sen. Sept. 23). Mar.: F. W. Morter V. E. Woolnough, D.F.M. Apr. Sgt.: W. A. Cdr. (temp. Gp. Capt.) V. P. Feather. (Sen. Feb. 24). Fit. Sgts.: Oct.: J. W. H. Tickle Cormack. Apr. Fit. Lt. D. H. Grice, D.F.C., is transf. to the (Sen. Sept. ll). Nov.: J. R. Turner (Sen. Oct. Fig. Off. (prob.) R. Wolton confmd. in appt. Admin, and Spec. Dufies of the R.A.F.O. and is lO). Dec.: F. W Pritchard (Sen. Oct. 7), J. A. M ar. retained on the active list under K.R. Xov. 29. Sheppard (Sen. Oct. 9). Jan.: F. S. Waller Pit. Offs, (prob.) confmd. in appts. and to be No'tifn. of Mar. 10 concerning Wg. Cdr. J. H. (Sen. Xov. 29). Feb.: G. C. Speer (Sen. Jan. 14), Fig. Offs, (war subs.):—Jan.: J. J. Curtis (Sen. Powle is cancelled. A. C. Strevens (Sen. Dec. 17), A. J. H. Samniels Aug. 14), R. H. Francis, D.F.M. (Sen. Dec. 11). Technical Branch.—To be Fig. Offs, on prob. (Sen. Dec. 16). Mar.: H. S. Simmonds (Sen. Feb.: R. H. Hughes, D.F.M. (Sen. Feb. 5). Mar.: (emergency):—Wt. Offs.: June: H. G. Plumbridge Feb. 28). Act. Fit. Sgt.: Nov.: A. C. Whitfield D. Gallanders, D.F.M. (Sen. Feb. 12), C. O’Brien (Sen. May 2.) Dec.: R. D. C. Tanner (Sen. June (Sen. Oct./7). Sgts.: Oct.: A. J. Cocks (Sen. (Sen. Mar. 5). 2 4 ), T . W. Whitbourn (Sen. Dec. 16, 1940), Aug. 2 7 ). Dec.: R. J. Bartlett (Sen. Oct. 30). Pit. Off. (prob.) P. Paterson to be Fig. Off. on Oliver Rixham (Sen. July 8), A. J. G. Peirce Jan.: (Sen. Nov. 29) K. A. Rouse, A. H. Waitt. prob. (war subs.) Oct. and confmd. in appt. Apr. (Sen. Mar. 7), J. B . C. Sullivan (Sen. July 28), Cpl.: Jan. : Herbert Titmuss (Sen. Dec. 2). Fig. Offs, to be Fit. Lts. (war subs.):—Dec.: G. F. Wyborn (Sen. May 1). Jan.: G. T . To be Act. Pit. Offs, on prob. (emergency):— A. D. G. Stephenson. Feb.: H. J. C. Tudge. Wo-rmwell (Sen. Oct. 1). Mar.: William Harper Wt. Offs.: Dec.: Geoffrey Wallis (Sen. Oct. 20). M ar.: R. H. Thomas, C. R. Dwight, D.F.C. Apr.: (Sen. Feb. 21). Jan.: H. J. H. Fulcher (Sen. Nov. 18), A. H. A. C. Culver, J. Findlay, T. G. Mahaddie, G. H. To be Pit. Offs, on prob. (emergency):—Wt. Watson, M.M. (Sen. Nov. 24). Feb.: J. F. Womersley, W. J. O. Coleman, D.F.C., A. J. Offs.: Feb.: L. H. Thompson (Sen. Dec. 16). Viveash (Sen. Dec. 8). Mar.: C. A. G. White Ogilvie, D.F.C., J. C. Cairns, D.F.C.,- R. J. Xeal, Aug., 1941: D. J. X. Rebbeck (Sen. Aug. 2). (Sen. Jan. 26). Fit. Sgts.: Nov.: W. R. Watts A. J. Smith, J. C. H. Funnell, J. C. R. Clarke, Xov.: James Watson (Sen. July 1), V. A. Tidey (Sen. Sept. 1), G. F. Stubbings (Sen. Sept. 13), R. F. S. Marriott, G. F. R. Duffy. (Sen. Aug. 23), C. H. Sanderson (Sen. Oct. 15). K. C. Spurway (Sen. Oct. 1), W. G. F. Spackman Pit. Offs, (prob.) to be Fig. Offs on prob. (war Dec.: C. F. Spillard (Sen. Aug. 12), H. G. (Sen. Oct. 11). Dec.: Henry Wyatt (Sen. Oct. subs.):—Jan.: J. E. Morrison. Mar.: S. T. Sanders (Sen. Sept. 8). Jan.: A. F. Thompson 30), A. F. Renton (Sen. Dec. 2), W. E. Rose C arp en ter. (Sen. June 30), J. H. Simpson (Sen. Nov. 26), (Sen. Oct. 27), L. G. Westaway (Sen. Oct. 28).

A CREW ’S CRUISE.—The crew of an Armstrong W hitw orth W hitley of Coastal Command which was forced to alight on the sea while on patrol off the coast of Iceland. The crew took to the dinghy, and were picked up by an Icelandic fishing trawler which later transferred them to a small boat manned by villagers who rowed the crew to the village pier, with the dinghy in tow. The pictures show, left, the crew being rowed ashore with their dinghy trailing behind, and, right, the crew back on shore. MAY 22, 1942 Advertisements 21 T h e A e r o p l a n e

THE TITANINE RECOGNITION SERIES, NUMBER TEN.

Photograph No. 9 was of the BLACKBURN BOTHA I. This photograph is reproduced from the " Aeroplane ” booklets of Recognition Tests.

TITANINE AIRCRAFT FINISHES Supplied for over 25 years It is hoped that this series of Titanine advertisements, consist­ ing of aircraft silhouettes, may be of use to those interested in TITANINE LIMITED aircraft identification. COLINDALE:LONDON:N.W.9

Telephone: Cilir.dale 8123 (six lires) Licensees in Canada: International Paints(Canada)Ltd.,6700 Park Avenue,Montreal HE WORLDS DIVE B

1928-First United States Navy Airplane ' built specifically for dive bombing tactics and carrier operation. Two 6xed guns in up­ per panel and a rear swiveling gun completed the armament.

1933’Further streamlined, using a twin-row radial engine for higher performance, the now famous Curtiss Helldiver was in use by both the United StatesiNavy and Marines.

1937 * High performance dive bomber with heavy defensive armament and completely re­ MODERN DESCENDANT OF THE WORLD'S tractable landing gear. Many squadrons of the Curtiss SBC-3 type operated from carriers of the United States Fleet. • In 1928 Curtiss-Wright produced one of "Helldivers” outspeeds its immediate the first airplanes designed specifically for predecessor by 100 M. P. H. — flies twice dive bombing, a manoeuvre conceived and as far—carries double the armament with pioneered by the United States Navy. twice the number of heavy bombs. 1939 • The sBC-4, powered with Today’s Curtiss Dive Bomber, the SB2C-1, The SB2C-1 is but one of seven types of a Wright Cyclone, superseded the earlier type and excelled its gives America a weapon which, in its classi­ modern military aircraft whose large- performance. Planes of this model were still being delivered fication, has yet to meet its equal in speed, scale production in Curtiss-Wright’s four to carrier-based Navy units and range and striking power. This latest great airplane plants is a contribution of Reserve ground bases in 1940. descendent of the long line of Curtiss first importance to National Defense.

■■ ■ MAY 22, 1942 Advertisements 23 THE AEROPLANE

- -

/ 3300 R. PM. \ / 4 0 0 0 R.P.M. \ / 2100 fi.P.M>\ WITH N / WITH / WITH \ METAL ASTIK DAMPER META LAST!K DAMPER 'METALASTIK DAMPER

6-C YUNDER 6-CYLINDER 6 - CYLINDER 14 H.P ENGINE 14 H.P ENGINE 14 H.P ENGINE

3 3 0 0 R.P.M. ' ' 4000 R.P.M. N / 210 0 R.P.M. n WITHOUT DAMPER WITHOUT DAMPER WITHOUT DAMPER

6-CYLINDER 6-CYLINDER 6 -C/UNDER 14 H.P. ENGINE. 14 H.P. ENGINE 14 H.P. ENGINE THE AEROPLANE Advertisements 24 MAY 22, 1942

will contract for Fhe pro parb ana will deliver com MAY IV42 589 THE AEROPLANE

AEROPLANES OF THE JAPANESE ARMY AND NAVY AIR FORCES-II

THE JUNKERS ARMY MC-95 (Junkers Ju 52/3m) (Three 770 h.p. BMW 132H motors) T y p e .— T ran sp o rt. C r e w .—T hree, and 17 passengers. D im e n s io n s .—Span, 95 ft. 11 ins.; length, 62 ft. 0 in. height, 14 ft. 10 ins.; wing area, 1,190 sq. ft. W e ig h t s .—Empty, 12,550 lb.; loaded, 23,200 lb. P e r f o r m a n c e .—Max. speed, 189 m.p.h. at 13,000 ft. range, 546 miles at 160 m.p.h.; service ceiling, 19,000 ft Made by Jankers Flugzeug und Motorenwerke, A.G., Dessau Germany and a number delivered to Japan.

THE KAWANISHI NAVY LL-90-1 (Three 700 h.p. Mitsubishi (Hispano-Suiza) motors) T y p e .—Reconnaissance flying-boat. C r e w .—Six. A r m a m e n t .—Three movable machine-guns. D im e n s io n s .—Span, 98 ft. 5 ins.; length, 68 ft. 10 ins. W e ig h t .—Loaded, 26,880 lb. P e r f o r m a n c e .—Max. speed, 137 m.p.h. at 9,840 ft.; range 930 miles at 110 m.p h. Made by Kawanishi Kokuki Kabu­ shiki Kaisha (Kawanishi Aircraft Co.) at Kobe.

THE KAWANISHI-SHORT NAVY LL-90-2 \ (Short K.F.l) (Three 825 h.p. Kawanishi (Rolls-Royce Buzzard) motors) T ype.—Reconnaissance flying-boat. C rew .—Six. A rm am ent.—Four movable machine-guns. Dimensions.—Span, 101 ft. 8 ins.; length, 72 ft. 2 ins. W e ig h t.—Loaded, 33,000 lb. Performance.—Max. speed, 133.5 m.p.h. at 9,840 ft.; range, 1,600 miles at 107 m.p.h. Made by Short Brothers (Rochester and Bedford) Ltd., Rochester, England, and by Kawanishi Kokuki Kabushiki Kaisha (Kawanishi Aircraft Co.) at Kobe.

THE KAWANISHI NAVY LL-91 (Two 600 h.p. Kawanishi Hiro 91 (Lorraine) motors) T y p e .—Reconnaissance flying-boat. C r e w .— Five. A r m a m e n t .—Two movable machine-guns. D im e n s io n s .—Span, 77 ft. 7 ins. P e r f o r m a n c e .—Max. speed, 139 m.p.h. at 9,840 ft.; range 2,300 miles at 111 m.p.h. Made by Kawanishi Kokuki Kabu shiki Kaisha (Kawanishi Aircraft Co.) at Kobe.

‘ THE KAWANISHI NAVY LL-94 (One 600 h.p. Kawanishi Hiro 9 (Lorraine) motor) T y p e .— Reconnaissance floatplane. C r e w .— Three. A r m a m e n t .—One fixed and one movable machine-gun. D im e n s io n s .—Span, 46 ft. 0 in.; length, 34 ft. 0 in.; height, 15 ft. 5 ins.; wing area, 530 sq. ft. ..i W e ig h t .— Loaded, 6,100 lb. P e r f o r m a n c e .—Max. speed, 140 m.p.h. at 5,000 ft.; range, 550 miles at 120 m.p.h.; service ceiling, 18,000 ft. Made by Kawanishi Kokuki Kabushiki Kaisha (Kawanishi Aircraft Co.) at Kobe,.

THE KAWANISHI NAVY LL-97 (Sikorski S-42) (Four 900 h.p. Mitsubishi Kinsei 4C motors) T y p e .—Reconnaissance flying-boat.' C r e w .— Ten. D im e n s io n s .—Span, 131 ft. 0 in.; length, 81 ft. 0 in.; height, 20 ft. 0 in. W e ig h t .—Loaded, 45,000 lb. P e r f o r m a n c e .—Max. speed, 215 m.p.h. at 13,000 ft.; range, 1,500 miles at 165 m.p.h.; service ceiling, 26,000 ft. Made by Kawanishi Kokuki Kabushiki Kaisha (Kawanishi Aircraft Co.) near Kobe. (Drawings by John H. Stroud, Copyright, T h e A e r o p l a n e 590 MAY 22, 1942

DETAILED ANALYSIS.—The points by which the subjects of the previous recognition problems can be identified are illustrated in the photographs and drawings above of the North American Mitchell III (left) and the Dornier Do 217tI (right) and on the opposite page.

TIE NORTH AMERI­ and tailplane, which is TCAN MITCHELL. , III Aircraft Recognition tapered on the leading edge. (B-25c) medium bomber of The Do 217 is one of the the U.S. Army Air Force |gg latest types of bombers in (two 1,700 h.p. Wright service with the Luftwaffe. Double Row Cyclope GR- It closely resembles the 2600-5AB two-row radial Do 17z and Do 215, but is motors) and the Dornier Do bigger and has a better per­ 217e] rriedium bomber (two formance than its prede­ 1,480 h.p. BM W 801 two- cessors. It can be used for row radial motors) were the precision bombing, dive- subjects of the previous bombing, torpedo-dropping recognition tests. g and reconnaissance. In this view the most * Similar in mass outline to striking recognition features the Mitchell, the Do 217 are the long glazed nose, 221 PREVIOUS PROBLEMS.—(Left) a Mitchell 222 has a number of distin­ slab - sided fuselage an^i and (right) a Do 21 7e I guishing features, among tapered, rectangular twin them the blunt nose and fins and rudders. The graceful sweeping lower line of the cockpit; long, rounded fuselage; slightly tapered shoulder fuselage, also suggests a “ nose-up ” flying attitude. Other wing; and protruding radial motors. A later version, the points are equal tapered gull wings, underslung radial motors, Do 217e2, is similar, but has a power-driven multi-gun turret the nacelles, of which extend some distance aft of the wing, on top of the fuselage.

FOR IDENTIFICATION CXII.—Two more photographs to give practice in the recognition of Allied and enemy aeroplanes. What they are and notes on their characteristics will be published with two more photographs on June 5. W hen the page is viewed at a distance of 1 ft. the aeroplane on the left is represented as flying at about 385 ft. at a distance of 130 yds.; the aeroplane on the right is shown as it would appear at about 500 ft. at a distance of 100 yds. MAY 22, 1942 591 T h e A e r o p l a n e T h e A e r o p l a n e 5V2 MAY 22, 1942 AIR TRANSPORT

[Air-Log Photograph AN AUSTRALIAN MALTA.—Port Moresby, capital of Papua, New Guinea, which is subjected to almost"daily raids.by the Japanese but which is actively defended by the Allied Air Forces. Before the War, 'Port Moresby was an important trading centre which made extensive use of air transport. The U.S. Army Takes Over Civilian Airgraphs MERICAN air transport is to be controlled by the U.S. CIVILIAN AIRGRAPH service is to be provided shortly A Army, acting under orders from President Roosevelt, A from Great Britain to Egypt, India, Ceylon, Palestine, According to an announcement at New York on May 14. All Transjordan, Cyprus, the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, Aden, air routes and services which are not considered essential to British Somaliland and the Seychelles. Airgraph services for the War programme will be suspended and there is a possi­ the Forces are already operating to these countries, except bility that air mail services on those routes which are retained to India, Ceylon and the Seychelles and the Forces will benefit may be suspended later. The number of commercial aero­ from the extensions. A similar service for civilians and the planes left to the air lines after the previous requisitions is Forces is to be started to East and South Africa within the believed to be about 300. These 'will now be controlled by next two or three months. the U.S. Army. The charge for the civilian Airgraphs will be 8d. each, but Presumably the main routes in America will be continued for the Forces it will remain at 3d. The over-all time for by the air line companies operating for the U.S. Army, but transmission to Egypt and India will be about 17 days. ordinary civilians will apparently have as few opportunities This announcement was made on May 13 by Mr. W. S. of travelling by air as civilians in Great Britain. Morrison, the Postmaster-General, at a conference of repre­ sentatives of the Chambers of Commerce, the Federation of British Industries, the National Chamber of Trade, and the Questions in the House Danks. UESTIONS about the Board and financial arrangements Inter-American Services of the British Overseas Airways Corporation have been Qasked recently in the House of Commons by Mr. Garro NEW air service between the Panama Canal zone and Lima, Peru, was reported to have been started last week. Jones, and have elicited the following replies:— A The name of the Company operating the service is at present The Chairman and Deputy Chairman are the Hon. Clive unknown, but it is reported to have applied for an extension Pearson and Mr. I. C. I. Geddes, respectively; the Chief of the service through Buenos Aires by a new route across the Executive member is the Hon. W. L. Runciman, and the Andes from Antofagasta to Salta. other members are Mr. Harold G. Brown and Mr. Gerard The new Inter-American Defence Board has recently estab­ d’Erlanger. No remuneration is paid to the Chairman or to lished a central office \o direct the flow of sea-borne traffic any member of the Board as such and the salary paid to between North and South America, and the possibility of the Chief Executive members is decided by the Corporation. establishing a co-ordinated control for air traffic is being In reply to questions about changes in the Corporation discussed. Act, Sir Archibald Sinclair stated that a new sub-section had been substituted on Nov. 17, 1939, which approved three Replacements instead of 11 as the minimum number of members of the EN Douglas DC-os were to be acquired by Transcontinental Board of the Corporation and five instead of 17 as the and Western Air Inc., to replace the fleet of five Boeing maximum. When the Corporation came into existence on T307 Stratoliners which were taken over by the U.S. Army Air Apl. 1 , 1940, an Order was made which placed it at the disposal Forces. This arrangement may be cancelled now that of the Secretary of State for Air. This meant that he could American air lines have been taken over. override any of the restrictions imposed by the Act on the activities of the Corporation and the financial provisions of certain Sections were superseded. The Department of Civil Aviation WO HUNDRED AND EIGHTY-TWO persons were Temployed by the Air Ministry on civil aviation duties as A New Zealand Crash at April 1, 1942. Of these, 154 were employed at out-stations, N AEROPLANE of Union Airways (N.Z.) Ltd., probably 83 at requisitioned aerodromes which are not used exclusively A a Lockheed Electra, was reported missing, with a crew for civil flying purposes. The annual cost of salaries and wages of two and three passengers, on May 7 , when flying from for the Civil Aviation staff is £ 80,857. Five of the staff receive Wellington to Nelson. After a five-day search, the wreckage more than £1,000 a year. of the aeroplane was located on Mount Richmond, near Blen­ This statement was made by Sir Archibald Sinclair in the heim. It had crashed into the side of the mountain and all House of Commons on May 6 in reply to questions put by five occupants were killed Mr. Garro Jones. MAY 22, 1942 Advertisements 25 T h e A e r o p l a n e T he A eroplane Advertisement- 26 M AY 22, 19-42 *► Marine Aircraft Development No I

In 1912, a Saunders “sewn ” hull was fitted to a Sopwith amphibian known as the “ Bat Boat." This aircraft won the Mortimer Singer prize for making six consecutive landings, alternately on land and sea. It was the first flying-boat built in Europe, and the World s first amphibian.

Saunders-Roe Limited ss one of the oldest organi­ boats. The experience and successes gained sations connected with the British aircraft indusiry> in this sphere led quite naturally to the design and was founded ! I 2 years ago under the title of and construction of hulls for flying-boats, and Saunders Patent Launch Building Syndicate. Early subsequently the name of Saunders - Roe has on, the Company specialized in light marine, craft been closely :dentified with the development of and produced many famous International racing marine aircraft. SAUNDERS~R0E DESIGNERS AND CONSTRUCTORS OF MARINE AIRCRAFT FOR ALL PURPOSES

Whether your working fluid be oil or petrol, paraffin or water, we will compound a quality that will “ dry those tears” and seal the job for you. We will design and mould a Sealing Member to suit your dimensions and guarantee accuracy to within .005". STAYCO will operate in most fluids from 100 C. down to —40°C. M. E. STACE & CO. LTD. 14 Portland Street, Cheltenham Telephone : Cheltenham 5202I

SEAL— with Stayco Rings SYNTHETIC RUBBER COMPONENTS MAY 22, 1942 595 T h e A e r o p l a n e

FORTHCOMING EVENTS May 22.—Streatham.—S.C. No. 13 (South London).—Talk on the American Air Force, Part I.—Third Class Test.—Photographic Recognition.—At 2-4, Leigham Court Rd.—18.30 hrs. May 2 2.—W atford.—S.C. No. 118 (W atford).—Official First Class Test. —At Watford Public Library.—10.30 hrs.—Visitors from clhev Clubs will be welcome. May 22.—Richmond.—S.C. No. 184 (Richmond).—Meeting in Darrsl Rd. School, Darrel Rd.—19.30 hrs. May 22.—Preston.—S.C. No. 249 (Preston and District).—Lecture and Discussion—Inspector Piatt.—At Central Police Stn.—19 30 hrs. May 25.—Plymouth.—S.C. No. 299 (Plymouth).^-Meeting at tho Caprera Club, Coburg St.—19.30 hrs..—Ail Spotters welcome. May 26.—Lampeter.—R.O.C.C. Branch 149 (Vale of Teify) —Talks by . Capt. W. Davies and Mr. R R. W hittingham.—Third Class Test.— ’ At the Centra1 School, Bryn Road.—18.45 hrs. May 26.—Southend.—Meeting at Southend-on-Sea. May 26.—Newport.—S.C. No. 40 (Newport).—Meeting at Newport Corn Exchange.—19.30 hrs. May 26.—Leyland.—S.C. No. 255 (Leyland).—Meeting at Leyland j Motors Social and Athletic 'C ub.—19.30 hrs. May 27.—Blackfriars.—S.C. No. 12 (Blackfriars).—Meeting at Unilever House.—17.30 hrs. May 2 7 —Hast ngs.—S C. No. 47 (Hastings).-Talk by II. A. Gordon on Mode! Making.—At the White Rock Pavilion.—19 30 hrs. May 27,-^He.idon.—S.C. No. 124 (Hendon).—Annual Genera'. Meeting.—Second Class Test.—At Hendon Technical College.— 19.30 hrs. May 27.—Newcastle.—S.C. No. 272 (Tyneside).—Meeting at the Crows Nest Hotel.—19.00 hrs. May 28.—Chelmsford.—S.C. No. 3 (Chelmsford).—Talk by D. Michael N O R W A Y IN C A N A D A .— Princess Martha of N orway at the on “ Biplane Fighters.”—At the Lion and Lamb Hotel.—19.00 hre. May 28.—Bristol.—S.C. No. 3 04 (Bristol).—Annual Genera! Meeting. ceremony of presentation of a Fairchild PT-19 bought by the —At A.R.P. Hdqrs., Broadmead.—19.30 hrs. Norwegians in training at Little Norway Training Camp, May 28.—Belfast.—S.C. No. 151 (Belfast Roof , Spotters Nc. 1).— Meeting in A.R.P Post, 45, Howard St.—20.00 hrs. Toronto, Canada. May 29.—Huddersfield.—S.C. No. 49 (Huddersfield and District).— Annual General Meeting.—At A.R.P. Hdqrs., South Parade. - New Patents 19.30 hrs. Applications Accepted May 2 9 . - Preston.—S C. No. 249 (Preston and jCist-ict).—Annua! 544,617.—A. T. Stevens.—Aerodynamic lifting and sustaining device.— iecture by B. D. Phillips.—At Watford Public Library.—19 00 hrs. Aug. 12, 1940. May 29.—Richmond.—S.C. No. 184 (Richmond).— Meetifig in Darro! 544,693.—J. Sankey and Sons, Ltd., and E. H Ridgwell.—-Means for use Rd. School, Darrel Rd.—19.30 hrs. in supporting aeroplane . wings during their assembly.—Jan. 21 , May 2 9 —Preston.—S.C. No 249 (Preston and District).—Annual ] 941. General Meeting.—At Central Police Stn.—19.30 hrs. 544,697.—A. W. Banfield.—Aircraft.—Jan. 31. 1941. Opposition period expires July 6, 1942. Printed specifications available May 21, 1942. PERSONAL NOTICES BIRTHS Marguerite (nee Black), wife of Sub. Lt. (A) announced between Michael Williams, II.M. Allen.—On May 10, at Cambridge, to Billie L. B. Walsh-Atkins, R.N V .R —a son. Diplomatic Service, only son of the Rev. F. F. S. (nee Dowell), wife of Sqdn. Ldi. E. I'. Allen, W ertheim .—On May 8, at Shrewsbury, to Dorot, and Mrs. WTilliams, of Eastbourne, and Joy Holds­ R.A F.V.R.—a daughter. wife of Fit. Lt. J. M. Wertheim, R.A.F.V.R.— worth Hunt, of Putney Heath, London, S.W. Ayre.—On May 11, at Newton /(bbot, to Nanry a son. ■ Wilson—Curry.—A marriage has been arranged, (nee Hibberd), wife of Pit. Off. J. M. Ayct, W inslett.—On May 6, at Iluntly, Aberdeenshire, and will take place shortly, between Wng. Cmdr. R A F.—a son. ■ . ■ to Monier (nee Mitchell), wife of Sqdn. Ldr. B. H. W. C Wilson D.S.O., O B E., M.C., R.A.F.V.R., Burroughs.—Ou May 11. at Bagshot, to Margery Winslett—a daughter. and Muriel Curry, F.A.N.Y., of Bampton, North (nee Lawrence), wife of Pit. 01E. S. J. Burroughs, Devon, widow of Cmdr. II. F. Curry, D.S.C., R.N. R.A.F.V.R.—a son. FORTHCOMING MARRIAGES MARRIAGES Burton-Fanning.—On May 7, at Hertford County Birch—Campbell-Gray.—The engagement is an­ Boyes—Hanford.—On May 9, at the Parish Hospital, to Mary (nee Golding), wife of Fit. Lt. nounced between Pit. Off. R. II. Birch, R.A.F.V.R., Church, 2nd Lt. J. R. Boyes, Dragoons, elder son Burton-Fanning—a son. only son of Mr. and Mrs. II. C. Birch, of Ewell, of Mr. and Mrs. R. F. Boyes, of Bristol, to Eliza­ Cadell__On May 7, at Edinburgh, to Rosemary and A/S/O Jean Maureen Campbell-Gray, beth Mary, W.A.A.F., youngest daughter of Mr. (nee Pooljy), wife of Grp. Capt. Colin Cadell-- W A.A.F., elder daughter of Mr. T. Campbell- and Mrs A. Barton Hanford, of Quorn, Leics. a son. Gray and the late Mrs. Campbell-Gray, of Madras, Caton—Ellingworth—On May 9, at Highgate, Campbell.—On May 12, at Caversham, to Joan, India. Fig. Off. M. F. Caton, younger son of Mr. and Mrs. wife of Act. Fig. Otf. Colin Campbell, R.A.F.V.R.— Blaikley—Duncan.—The engagement is an­ H Caton, of Finchley, to Joyce Eleanor, elder a daughter. nounced between Second Lt. R. M. Blaikley, daughter of Lt.-Cmdr. and Mrs. Ellingworth. Clark.—On. May 1, in Bermuda, to Celia (nee R.A.. youngest son of Mr. and Mrs. A. J. Blaikley, Combic—Steele.—On May 8, at Belmont, Fit. Lt. Reese), wife of Sqdn. Ldr. Ernie Clark—a son. of Finchley, and A/S/O Alice Mary Duncan, Francis Combie, of Hargrave, Northants, to Betty Collis.— On May 10, at Fulmer, to Claire (n/e W.A.A.F., only daughter of the late Dr. A. IT. R. Muriel, only daughter , of The late Mr. and Mrs. Hiersekorn), wife of Scion. Ldr. Edward Collis, Duncan and of Mrs. B. G. L. Glasgow, of O m agh,; C. II. Steele, of Belmont. R A.F.V.R.—a daughter.' Northern Ireland. Davies—Pilbeam.—On May 4, in India, Fit. Lt. Crawford.—On May 10. in London, to Jeanne Downey—Cobb.—The engagement is announced L. W. Davies, of Wye, to Anne Pilbeam, of Ton­ (nee ScottGunn), wife of Sgt. II. M. Crawford, between Fit. Lt. Harold Downev, younger son of bridge, and Poona, India. R.A F.—a son. Mr. and Mrs. J. A. Downey, of Bessbrook, Co. Dowell—Tilley.—On May 9, in London, Pit. Off. Darnell.—On May 7, at Oxford, to Margaret Armagh, and Margaret Eileen Anne, daughter of R. G. Dowell., son of Mr. R. S. Doweli, of London, (nee Giles), wife of Sqdn. Ldr. E. A. Darnell, the late Mr. and Mrs. G. C. Cobb. to Diana Vera Tilley, eldest daughter of Mr. and R.A.F.—a daughter. Glennie—Paris.—The engagement is announced Mrs. J. P. Tilley, of Oxshott.: Day.—On .May 2, at Wakefield, to Antoinette between Pit. Off. Hastings Glennie, son of the Haywood—Strickland.—On Apl. 30, in London, (nee Kaye), wife of Fit. Lt. F. B. Day, R.A.F.V.R. late Dr. Glennie, and of Mrs. Glennie, of Sqdn. Ldr. Gordon Haywood, son of C. II. P. Hay­ —a son. Tavistock, and Ursula, daughter of Lt.-Col. and wood, of Derby, to Lady Marguerite Strickland,' Feast.—On May 4, at Coldfield, to Beryl (n(e Mrs. A.*L. Paris, of Bournemouth. daughter of Earl of Darnley, of'Cobham Hall, Jagger), wife of Fig. Off. R. G. Feast—a daughter. Hailey—Boxall.—A marriage has been arranged, Kent. Fothergill__On May 7. at Nottingham, to Phy! and will shortly take place, between Fit. Lt. E. T. Lowrey— Martin.—On May 5, in Lcndon, Pit. Off. (nee Jewell), wife of Wng. Cmdr. C. Fothergill, Hailey, R.A.F.V.R , youngest son of Mr. and Mrs. J. L. Lowrey, of Tennessee, U.S.A., to Sub. Diana R.A.F.—twin sons. G. II. Hailey, of Inverlaw, Dundee, and Iris Martin, A TS. Howell.—On May 8, at Kimberley, S. Africa, Boxall, daughter of Mrs. T. E. B. Young, of Macpiierson—Perry.—On May 2, at Cairo, Sub-Lt. to Gwen (nee Darrington), wife of Sqdn. Ldr. Ediwinstowe, Nottinghamshire. (A) P. B. Macpherson, R.N.V.R., F.A.A., son of W. A. Howell—a daughter. Laycock—Chester-Master.—The engagement is Mr. and Mrs. Charles Macpherson, of Southamp­ H unter__On May 11, at Fulmer, to Pamela announced between Sqdn. Ldr. H. IC. Laycock, ton, to S/O Susan V. Perry, W.A.^.F., daughter (nee Watkins), wife of Fig. Off. M. J. Hunter— R.A.F., elder son of Mr. and Mrs. II. R. Laycock, of the late Mr. George’and Mrs. Vioiet Perry, of a daughter. of Walton-on-Thames, and Sonia, daughter of Mr. Tiverton, Devon. K eith.—On May 7, at Sevenoaks, to Margaret and Mrs. A. G. Chester-Master, of Kingston Hill. Oats—Cooper.—On Apl. 30, at Crockham Hill, (nee Parrott) wife of Pit. Off. D. B. Keith, Peel—Hutchinson.—The engagement is an­ Kent, Sqdn. Ldr. V. R. Oais, of Porthledden, St. R.A.F.V.R.—a daughter. nounced, and the marriage will very shortly take Just, to Elizabeth Jean Cooper, of Murrayfield, Le Dieu —On May 8, at High Wycombe, to ace, between Grp. Capt. J. R. A. Peel, D.S.O., Berkhamsted. .F.C . son of Lt.-Col. B. G. Peel, C.B.E.. D.S.O., O’Donnell—Savage—On May 9, at the King's Helen (nee Teny), wife of Wng. Cmdr. E. Le Dieu, Chapel of the Savoy, Sub-Lt. (A) R. D. G, R.A.F.—a daughter. and Mrs. Peel, of Petworth, Sussex, and Barbara, widow of Sqdn. Ldr. P. S. Hutchinson, and O’Donnell, R.N .V .R , soil of Lt.-Col. and Mrs. M aitland.—On Apl. 28, at Lichfield Hospital, B. II. O'Donnell, of Silverton, Devon, to Sgt. to Barbara (nee Fleming), wife of Grp. Cap1. daughter o*f Mr. and Mrs, J. F. Myers, of Spalding, Lincs. GTliian Savage, W.A.A.F., daughter of Capt. and C E. Maitland, D.F.C., A.F.C., R.A F.—a Mrs. Raymond Savage, of Co. Down, and London. daughter. Swann—Burnett.—The engagement is announced between Fit. Lt. Marcus Swann, R A.A F.. son of Sherwood-North.—On Apl. 29, at Stratford-on- Marshall.—On May 7, at Boltin, to Joyce, wife Avon, R. E. Sherwood, R.C.A.F., only son of Mr. of L.A.C. G. A. Marshall, R.A.F.—a daughter. Mr. and Mrs. Swann, of Victoria, Australia, and S'ybil Jean, eldest daughter of Air Chief Marshal and Mrs. Sherwood, of New Brunswick, Canada, to Max.—On May 10, at Fulmer, to Joan (n&e Sir Charles Burnett, K.C.B., C.B.E , DS.O., and Eileen, elder daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Dudley Legge), wife of A. Sqdn. Ldr. R. D. Max, D.F.C., Lady Burnett, o,f Wendover, Bucks North, of Parkstone, Dorset. R.A.F.—a son. Tabor—Lewis.—The engagement is announced Viney—Morris.—On May 16, in London, Capt. Onley.—On May 10, at Ely, to Irene (nte between R.-C. Tabor, R.A.F.V.R., younger son of Laurence Viney. the Army Air Corps, to Eirly^ Crowther), wife of Pit. Off. Ronald Onley, the late Mr. and Mrs. James Tabor, of Roch- Morris. R.A.F.V R.—a daughter ford. and Beryl Nora, only daughter of the late Dr. Wheeler—Weightman.—On. May 6, in Lcir’oi, Phillips.—On May 7, at Woking, to Joan (nee A. C. Lewis, of Rochford, and Mrs. A. C. Lewis Sqdn. Ldr Nej! Wheeler, D.F.C., R.A F., younge Grist), wife of Ld. (A) P. II. Phillips, D.S.C., (now at Billericay, Essex). son of the late Mr T. II. Wheelei and Mis. R.N.V.R.— a son. Washington—Simmons.—The engagement is a a- Wheeler, of Capeto n, S. Africa, to Aliec Rayment.—On May 8, at New Malden, to Maisie nounced bet*'een F. E. Washington, R A.F , Elizabeth, daughter of Mr and Mrs W. II. (nee Noble), wife of Pit. Off. S. G. Rayment—a fourth son of the late Mr. and Mrs. F. G Weightman, of Harpenden. daughter. Washington, of Sanderstead. and Pauline Anne W illiam s—Freakes.—On May 6. at South Croy­ Regester.—On May 6, at Fulmer, to Jean (nie Simmons. V.A.D.. only daughter of Mr. and Mr?. don,. Pit. Off. B. H. Williams, D.F.C , eldest son of Stamp), wife of Pit. Off. P. Regester, R.A.F.— L. C. Simmons, of Bushey, and Kingsdown-on-Sea the late Mr Hugh Williams and of Mrs. Beatty, a daughter. of Oxted, to Kathleen Mary Freakes, only daughter Williams—Goding.—The engagement is • an­ of Mr. an.d Mrs. C. Freakes,; of South Croydon. Richardson—On May 7, at Newquay, to Mary, nounced between Fit. Lt. Richard Williams, wife of Wng. Cmdr. F. C. Richardson—a son. youngest son ol Mr. E. C. Williams, of London, IN MEM0R1 AM Trudgian.—On May 8, at Shanklin, I.o.W., to and Jean Blanche, eldest daughter of Sqdn. Ldr. Jackson.—In loving memory of Pit. Off. Eric Nan (nee Parr), wife of Sqdn. Ldr. T. P. F. R. R. Goding, o>f Lincolnshire, and Mrs. Goding, Jackson. 44194. killed, on Active Service, May 21, Trudgian. R.A.F.—a daughter. of Amersham. Bucks. 1941—Mother, Dai! and Ken. 25, Cedar Avenue, Walsh-Atkins.—On May G, at Pinner, to Williams—Holdsworth Hunt.—The engagement ia Widnes. The Aeroplane 596 may 22, 1942 CORRESPONDENCE

Audible Vortices fire, and the F.5/34 would be far too slow and too lightly armed, judged by next year’s standards. The Typhoon should NE WARM CLOUDLESS MORNING a few days ago one fill the bill for the future, and there is still a lot of development Oof our machines was doing an almost vertical' turn at high left in the Spitfire.—E d .] speed at >about 200 ft. and there were visible trails from the wing tips about half the length of the aeroplane. Some seconds A Matter of Height after the aeroplane had passed and its roar had died down there was a sound like the whistle of a falling bomb. It N VIEW of the normally very high standard of technical appeared to be making an arc across the heavens, a hundred Iaccuracy maintained in both T h e A e r o p l a n e and T h e people looked up, thinking that something had fallen off the air­ A e r o p l a n e S p o t t e r , I was sorry to see a statement recently craft, and 20 or 30 actually ran for shelter as the sound grew. of which the accuracy is very doubtful. But it died away, recurred, and died down again without any I refer to the definition of stratosphere as given in your sound of anything hitting the ground and nothing appeared tabl6 “ A ll About Altitude ” which appeared in T h e A e r o ­ to be missing from the aeroplane when it landed later.' p l a n e op March 2 7 , and in 1*h e A e r o p l a n e S p o t t e r on One explanation advanced here is that in certain conditions March 26 . of temperature and humidity when the air rushes in to fill The statement I criticise is that ‘ ‘ The stratosphere is defined the partial vacuum of the vortex behind each wing tip it as the area above such currents of air as are influenced by makes a noise similar in cause to thunder, which I believe is the earth’s surface.” the result of air rushing in to fill the “ spacfe ” left behind Now, the normally, accepted definition of the stratosphere the tail of the aeroplane as well as the wing tips, and, indeed, is that part of the atmosphere chaxacterised by a zero or even there is perhaps no reason to associate the sound with the negative lapse rate. That is to say, that within the strato­ visible wing-tip vortices. But it is reasonable to assume that sphere the temperature either remains constant or increases as the wing-tip vortices were the only ones vacuous enough to with height. be visible they were the only ones vacuous enough to It is of interest to note that experimental evidence seems be audible. to indicate that there is a warm layer between 130,000 and The whole thing is probably ‘ well known to you, but 2 0 0 .0 0 0 ft. whose temperature is perhaps 1 2 0 to 1 3 0 degrees F , anvwav we should like to hear the views of others. Having disagreed with your departure from the normal defini­ A u dible V l ^ t e x . tion, may I be permitted to criticise your definition itself? . [The following comment has been added by C.W. :—“ I The Geostrophic Wind, that is to say the wind initiated have seen the letter from ‘ Audible Vortex ’ and would sug­ solely.by the fact that the earth rotates, or, more exactly, the gest that a vortex decays rather than collapses and that the resultant wind caused by a deviating effect due to the Coriolv noise heard is that made by the vortex while it is active/ Thc- Zone on a wind due to a pressure gradient is reduced notice­ reasoTi for its being heard some time after the passage of the ably by the earth’s friction up to a height of some 3,Q 00 ft. aeroplane would appear to be as follows: It would not be Above this height the wind gradually attains the full value of drowned by the noise of the aeroplane and it may well have the Geostrophic Wind. drifted on the wind or otherwise while still active, thus Thus, according to the definition given, we might expect getting within audible range of the audience. the stratosphere to commence at 3 ,0 0 0 ft. “ Being ‘ wise after the event ’ one can say that there is As your diagram shows, this is not the case, and your illus­ no reason why a wing-tip vortex which is intense enough tration also indicates that in exceptional cases, such as in to produce /condensation should not be audible for some the neighbourhood of mountain ranges, the wind will largely seconds. The report that there were two successive noises is be affected by their presence at heights approximating to that consistent with wing-tip vortices.”—E d .] of the tropopause. I think it would have been more desirable if you had indicated that the diagram referred to the Standard Atmo­ Dive Bomber and bighters sphere, for I doubt if the various members of the Everest HAVE been intensely interested in the controversy of the expeditions would agree that the limit of storms occurred at I dive bomber. It has often occurred to me that the R.A.F. 20.000 ft.! has many machines capable of being converted into efficient As you point out, the height of tjie tropopause varies with dive bombers without taking any of the valuable factory space latitude and season. A further point of interest is that it is required to build nevv machines. Take, for instance, the at a higher temperature over the poles than at the equator. Henley; it has a disposal load of 1,500 lb., quite sufficient for E rnest C. Clear H ill, B.Sc., A.C.G.I., a modern short-range dive bomber. Its top spe,ed of 273 Grad.R. Ae.S. m.p.h. is all that is required of a machine of this category. If brakes were fitted the speed and load might suffer but, in A Vernon Still Flying? my opinion, it would not impair its performance much. With its Merlin engine it could be maintained from Hurricane spares. I UNDERSTAND that a Vickers Vernon is still flying " some- As many as these machines are now wasting their time as 1 where in England.” As this must be the oldest aeroplane target-towers, a fair-sized force could be gathered and older still in service in this country, I should be glad to know if and more obsolete machines could take their place. As it is you have any news of it. • S p o t t e r . very unlikely that they would be called on to operate without [We have no tidings of this aeroplane, and should welcome fighter protection, only two or so forward-firing machine-guns information from our readers. The Vernon has the same type should be fitted. After attacking and unloading their bombs, of wings as the Vickers Vimy which made the' first direct they would then possess almost the same powers of fighting as flight across the Atlantic. It was built in 1924 and. thus a Hurricane fighter./ seems likely to be the oldest aeroplane still flying.—E d .] Another point that I have been interested in, is the use by Japan and Germany of radial-engined fighters whose power of climb and manoeuvrability exceed that of our in-line-engined fighters. We have,' as you are aware, an exceedingly fine example of this type of fighter in the Gloster F.5/34 from which the Jap 00 machine is copied. Could not this .machine be put into production fitted with a more powerful engine and used in conjunction with our standard fighters? D. Sm ith . [We propose to deal with the dive bomber in an early number. There are now comparatively few Henleys, and although this is an excellent, aeroplane wasted as a target- tower, it would be even more wasted as a dive bomber. Germany and Japan have been driven to make do with radial motors because of the lack of a compact liquid-cooled unit of equal power. The Fw 190 is less manoeuvrable than the Spit-

The fact that goods made of raw materials in short supply because of war conditions are advertised in this journal should not be taken as an indication that they are necessarily available for export. MAY 22, 1942 AdcertUcmenls 27 T h e A e r o p l a n e

In peace time he may have been one of your executives. In recent months, ^however, we have been invited to meet his counterpart with Directors and key men in the Board Room of many factories where the introduc­ tion of new processes and additional plant has brought about new fire risks.

You know the man we mean — your A.R.Pa Officer who may be having a sticky time if he is responsible for protecting your plant with fire fighting equipment which may have been adequate and suitable in peace time. Fire, even under air raid conditions, can ba successfully fought, but only if the correct equipment is immediately available and your people have been trained in its use.

At the moment most of the complete range Sounds like another bottle party . . . actually he’s of fire fighting equipment we manufacture one of the happy band who are daily saving their ean^be supplied from stock. But during the precious and useful skins by means of the G. Q. two bad air raid periods we sold four PA R ASU IT and securing his entree to the months’ stock in as many hours and had to G. Q. Club. keep old and valued customers waiting. If Simplicity itself— like all great achievements— the air raids develop again on a large scale just a well tailored flying suit with its own we shall not be able to give customers the built-in flexible frameless ’chute and incor­ kind of service on which this business has porated life-belt. Weighs a mere 23 lbs. and the been built. ’chute itself is only iV thick when packed—geta­ So now —today is the time to give thought to ways have been made through i8"x 12" apertures. ample fire protection for your factory. The first Like the famous plug, you fit and forget . . . . step is to send us the coupon below which Your P A R A SU IT is part of YOU , not hanging will bring one of our representatives—a man up somewhere — always ready for that split with the vast experience of this organisation second that makes for the happy landing. behind him - at any time which may be convenient to you.

'a / r i / m t PATENT NU M BERS: 405S93, 525 11 8 Etc. SUIT, HARNESS AND PARACHUTE COMBINED

EVOLVED AND MANUFACTURED IN GREAT BRITAIN BY THE “G.Q.” PARACHUTE COMPANY LTD. j STADIUM WORKS ■ WOKING • SURREY ! ______Designers and Manufacturers of Parachute Equipment for all purposes since 1931 I T h e A e r o p l a n e Advertisements 28 MAY 22, 1942

JU SANTON SM, SWITCHING PROBLEMS

Development

If you have a switching problem, there is existing, or we can design, a SANTON Rotary Switch to solve it efficiently and economically. Capacities from 10 to 60 amps. (180 under special conditions). Voltages up to 650. Simply send SANTON the circuit—Santon will quote by return. Production A ll British design and manufacture.

On list of Admiralty, War Office, SANTON Air Ministry, A.I.D., etc., etc. also make ELECTRIC WATER SANTON LTD, HEATERS N e w p o rt 7, M on. (Eng.) T e l.: 71211-2 of ail kinds in­ cluding Geysers, M Thermal Storage Heaters, Water SANTON Rota ly Switches ■ MAY 22, 1942 Advertisements 29 T h e A e r o p l a n e

Approved by the A.I.D. our Test House is equipped to undertake the testing and checking of screw thread and all other types of gauges, magnetic crack detection and other essential services. A booklet giving fuller particulars including a schedule of charges is available and will be forwarded post free on request.

FRAMES ASSEMBLED IN JIGS CERRO ALLOYS BUILT WITH “CERROMATRIX”

THE LOW MELTING SHEET METAL PRESSINGS FORMED IN POINT ALLOYS for “ CERROMATRIX ” DIES High Speed Production

ROLLED SECTION FRAME MEMBERS A’N D DUCTS FORMED WITH “ CERROBEND” LOADING Apply for FRAME TUBES, FUEL AND FREE OIL LINES BENT WITH Descriptive Brochures “ CERROBEND” LOADS NG MINING & CHEMICAL PRODUCTS LTD. MANFIELD HOUSE, 376 STRAND, LONDON, W.C.2 :______:______:______• . ' ^ • MAY 22, 1942 T h e A e r o p l a n e Advertisements 30 WAR-TIME PRODUCTION DEMANDS

THE CERTAIN DEFENCE AGAINST DERMATITIS In giving your workpeople protection against the causes of dermatitis, skin eruptions and more serious skin disorders, you defend your own interests by the elimination of sick-pay, compensation and the more subtie but very real losses caused by the

Use Sternocleanse No. 1 for inability of workers with tender skins to maintain their norma! productivity. protection against paint, grease, STERNOCLEANSE, rubbed into hands and arms before work is begun, forms oil, tar, filings, etc. an imperceptible but impervious film between the skin and chemicals, grease, dirt, Use S'ernocleanse No. 2 for protection against soluble oils, or other irritants, which cause skm troubles to arise. spirits, chemical and water- As STERNOCLEANSE is easily removed with ordinary soap and water, violent wet solutions, etc. scrubbing and the use of harsh cleansers become unnecessary. STERNOCLEANSE is packed in cases containing 36 tubes, 12 x 2-lb. tins, 6 x 7-lb. tins. Also in 28-lb. and 1-cwt. kegs.

STERNOL LTD*, FINSBURY SQUARE, LONDON!, E.C.2.

Temporary Telephone : KELvin 3371-2-3-4-5 Also at B R A D F O R D & G L A S G O W . Telegrams : 44 Sternoline, 'Phone, London.”

W E ARE SPECIALISTS in design and manufacture of scale model aeroplane kits for recognition training purposes. Actual model-making is an essential factor in the training of a competent observer and our kits are designed to meet the requirements of students of aircraft recognition. Scalecraft kits are sold only to H.M. Forces, Royal Observer Corps, Air Training Corps and Spotters, and they are obtainable only direct from the manufacturers— this sales policy is dictated by the enormous demand for our products and the necessity of economising in materials and labour. Moreover, the policy ensures supplies of particular requirements with a minimum of delay.

v \

Latest additions to the range of Range ‘ A ’ ‘ B » Range * A » ‘ B ’ kits are:— s. d. s. •• d. s. d. s. d. N.A. “ Mustang” 2 6 2 3 junkers ju. 88-AI 4 0 3 6 BOSTON m and FwJ90 Bell “ Airacobra” 2 6 2 3 Lockheed “ Lightning” ; . 4 0 3 9 (Both available 10th June) M e. I09F 2 6 2 3 Lockheed “ Hudson ” .. — - 3 6 v .4 • v Curtiss “ Kittyhawk ” .. 2 6 2 3 Bristol “ Blenheim” iV 4 3 3 6 Focke-Wulf Fw.190 2 6 2 3 Douglas “Boston” III .. 5 6 4 6 Junkers Ju. 87B 3 O 2 6 Junkers Ju. 52/3m 5 6 5 O Please note that “ A ” Kits con­ Focke-Wulf Fw. 189 — 3 6 Heinkel He II Ik Va — — 4 6 tain transparent turrets, cockpit- Fw. “ Zerstorer” 3 6 3 3 A.W. "W hitley” V — 4 6 Boulton-Paul "Defiant” 3 6 3 0 Focke-Wulf “ Kurier" .. 7. 6 6 6 covers, etc., and “ B ” Kits do Westland “ Whirlwind” 3 6 3 3 Focke-Wulf “ Condor” .. 7 O 6 6 not include these components. M e. 110 ...... 4 O 3 6 Short “Stirling” 8 6 7 O Bristol “ Beaufighter” .. 4 O 3 6 H.P. “Halifax”.. 9 6 7 0 'All Kits 1/72 scale. ALL PRICES P O S T FREE.

ADASTRA KING STREET WORKS SCALECRAFT SOUTHPORT (C. D. DIXON) MAY 22, 1942 Advertisements 33 T h e A e r o p l a n e

MASTER CONTROL CARBURETTER Incorporating three-stage Variable Datum Boost Control and two-stage Automatic Mixture Control.

THE HOBSON COCKPIT CONTROL (Interlocking Throttle and M ixture Levers) Incorporating, ss required, landing light levers, bomb and firing switches, fuel cocks, brake levers, V.P. prope'l-ir controllers, etc.

o feat wa* t a confident jupfemacu MEO-AC enlrutd i (owl info lie Tijdone' Mobil €ruiqn Fleet fa ft a itedlfe hicjh^faltoinment in human skill was needed inlfieifftalbn - Mil coupkd wi jpecd ofexecution

In th is im portan tw fort n t

dm om tratd fa T he A ero plane MAY 22, 1942

AEROPLANES FOR SALE Classified Advertisements Executive Engineer desires position Works W. S. Shackleton, Ltd., 175 Piccadilly. London, Telephone: TEKminus 3636. Manager or similar, comprehensive experience W.l. Regent 2448. Aeronautical consulting Telegrams: “ Pressimus, Smith, London ” Chief Inspector, Chief Engineer, Four Licences, engineers and merchants. The biggest European PREPAID KATES: 4d. per word, minimum, 4/-. unimpeachable references, enthusiastic. Release dealers in and exporters of new and used aero­ Paragraphs, 12 words or less, 4/-. " Situations Wanted ” already obtained. 8 St. Margaret’s Crescent. planes. C.I.F. quotations to British Empire ports. ONLY, 2$d. per word, minimum 2/6. Box No. 1/- extra. Whydown, Ntf. Bexhill, Sussex. 617-2 zzz-165 Manager, Aircraft Repairs, requires change of situation. Considerable practical and administra­ CAR HIRE SERVICE tive aircraft experience. Present position allows Self-drive Hire Service. Only 65s. week. Jubilee CLASSIFIED ADVERTISEMENTS for insufficient outlet for experience, energy and Garage, Harlesden. Wil. 4077. 617-162 the issue of MAY 29 can be accepted enth isiasm. Box 1995, care of The Aeroplane. up to FIRST POST Tuesday, MAY 26. 617-x4009 MISCELLANEOUS ------TIME RECORDERS FOR SALE ------— Phillips and Powis Aircraft Ltd. have facilities Staff Time Checking and job costing time available for the radiological examination of light PHOTOGRAPHIC recorders (all makes) for quick cash sale, excep­ alloy castings of the small variety under Ministry Aircraft Photographs. Send for List No. 15. tional condition. Write, “ Betarcol,” Box 7500, of Aircraft Production authority. Enquiries B ritish and foreign warplanes, lOd. post free, with care of The Aeroplane. zzz-156 should be addressed to the Company’s Technical specimen photograph and copy of R .P . news. Superintendent at Reading, Berkshire. Phone, Photographs (size 5 Yj by 3 ’A), 5s. per dozen. ------W ANTED — ------Sonning 2211. zzz-489 Real Photographs Co., Ltd., Southport, Lancs. Wanted, Pobjoy Niagara or Cataract engines in Scaled Aeroplane Mascots, 80 types. Spitfires, 6 2 1 -0 0 4 3 airworthy condition. Full particulars and price Wellington bombers, pair brass 10s. 6d., bronze Photographic materials of all descriptions, prom pt to Box 1989, care of The Aeroplane. 617-1 12s. 6d. Interesting list engines. F.ILP. service, list free. Happy landings. Ed. E. Aircraft Wanted. We are open to buy several mascots, etc., 3d. Butler’s Works, Littleover, Kimber, 105 Queen’s Road, Brighton. zzz cabin and open cockpit light aircraft. They Derby. 617-x4046 PRODUCTION CAPACITY AVAILABLE AND would be placed immediately on work of National ------PACKING AND SHIPPING ------W A N T E D ------Importance. Please send us full details of your R. and J. Park, Ltd., 143-9 Fenchurch Street. Aircraft G.A.s Details and Schedules prom ptly machine and indicate lowest price acceptable. E.C.3. Phone, Mansion House 3083. Official traced and checked. Instructional handbooks W. S. Shackleton, Ltd., 175 Piccadilly, London, packers and shippers to the Aircraft Industry. edited. Sectional a>4 perspective illustrations W.l. Regent 2448. 617-3 zzz-154 also undertaken. Twenty years’ experience. Wanted, copies of “ Jane’s All the World Air­ Joseph C. Mount and Co., Stevenage Wharves, Reading Tecnic Service, 8 Butter Market, craft,” 1919 or 1920, 1924, 1928 or ’29, 1930 Fulham, S.W.6. Packers of aero-engines. spare Reading. Phone 60365. 617-x39b2 or ’31, 1935 and 1937. Box 1988, care of T h e parts, aeroplanes, and other machinery, 5 acres Aeroplane. 61 7-11 11 ROAD TRANSPORT of riverside docks and packing warehouses with WELDING REPAIRS extensive storage of all classes of traffic. Motor Ballard’s Special Transport for the Aircraft Industry. Twickenham, Middlesex. Popesgrove Barimar is ready to push ahead with all welding haulage to and from Liverpool and otlier ports. repairs under Barimar Money-back Guarantee at Motor boats and launches lifted to and from river. 2833-4. 648-2001 ------SITUATIONS V A C A N T ------Barimar House, 22-24 Peterborough Road, Eight cranes, three lifting up to 10 tons. Fulham Fulham, London, S.W.6 (A.I.D. Air Ministry 2311 (six lines). zzz-487 Pilots and Observers (R.A.F.). Special rapid home-study courses in the essential branches of Ref. No. 105/40), Renown 2147-8. Night calls, PATENT AGENTS mathematics. Details of this scheme a'rid subse­ Renown 2148. Grams: “ Bariquamar, Walgreen, J. E. S. Lockwood, 111 New Street, Birmingham; quent matter will be sent (post free) on receipt, London.” Barimar branches in Birmingham, and at Wolverhampton. Patents Guide Free. of 2^d. in stamps. B.I.E.T. (Dept. M.4), 17 Manchester, Newcastlc-on-Tyne and Glasgow are zzz-482 Stratford Place, London, W.l. 617-4032 also operating at full blast. zzz-478 Head Foreman w'anted for factory on all-metal aircraft aerofoil component work. State experi­ ence and salary expected to Box 1952, care of business Efficiency Consultants The Aeroplane. 617-4 Repairs to Stop-Watches ANDREWS, SELWOOD & CROSSLEY SITUATIONS WANTED CHRONOGRAPHS, COMPARATOR GAUGES, Position Desired. Aircraft administration experi­ 7, Princes St., Hanover Sq., London, W .1 ence 20 years, construction, repair and aerodrome; TIME-MEASURING INSTRUMENTS, ETC Telephone and Telegrams: MAYfair 3163-3164 refs. Box<'-1731, care of The Aeroplane. First-class workmanship only. 617-x 3 2 8 6 Test Pilot seeks engagement, preferably on heavies. ARTHUR SAUNDERS & CO. CONSULT US ON ALL PROBLEMS OF Over 2,000 hours’ flying, including almost all mili­ Watchmakers. (Tei. Hoi. 0407) tary types; engineering, technical and administra­ S, SOUTHAMPTON ROW, LONDON, W.C. I . WORKS & OFFICE ORGANISATION. tive experience; good record and testimonials. Box 1996, care of The Aeroplane. 6 1 /-x 4 0 2 2

UNIFORMS FOR THE USED BY LEADING AIRCRAFT PATENT MANUFACTURERS FOR .REMOTE ROYAL AIR FORCE UNIVERSAL CONTROL, UNDERCARRIAGES and JOINTS AIR TRAINING CORPS & ACCESSORIES. If you are taking a Com­ mission in the R.A.F. you will need the services of Herbert Chappell for your uniforms and equipment.

Please write for price list to :— CATALOGUE ON REQUEST HERBERT CHAPPELL 58, CONDUIT STREET W .l D Z ] 50, GRESHAM STREET EC.2 The MOLL ART ENGINEERING CO. LTD. KINGSTON BY-PASS, SURBITON, SURREY. Mayfair 2242 ' Kelvin 44 38 Tel. Elmbridge 3352/3/4/5. Grams ; Precision, Surbiton. 156, VICTORIA ROAD, ALDERSHOT. Aldershot 529

HOT STAMPINGS IN BROSS&flLUMINIUM ALLOYS alSo SMALL MACHINED BRASSWORK&BRASS CASTINGS CAPSTAN & AUTO PRODUCTS PRESSWORK IN ALL METALS

W RIGHT, BINDLEY & GELL, LTD., PERCY ROAD, BIRMINGHAM, 11

SUBSCRIPTION RATES: “ THE AEROPLANE” will be sent post paid direct for one year 61/-. Shorter periods pro rata. Send remittance to the Publishers.

Printed in England and Published Weekly by the Proprietors, TEMPLE PRESS LTD., BOWLING GREEN I.ANE, LONDON, E.O.l. Entered as second-claes matter at the Post Office at New York, N.Y., under the Act oi March 3, 1879 (Sec. 523 P. L. & K.). AGENTS ABROAD—U.S.A.—The International News Co., New York., N.Y. CANADA—W. Dawson & Sons (Subscription Service), Ltd., Toronto, etc.; Imperial News Co., Ltd., Toronto, etc.; Gordon & Gotch, Ltd., Toronto. AFRICA—Central News Agency, Ltd;, Oape Town, etc.; W. Dawson & Sons (S.A.), Cape Town. INDIA—A. H. Wheeler & Co., Allahabad, Bombay, Calcutta, etc. AUSTRALASIA—Gordon & Gotch (A'sia), Ltd., S;*dney, Melbourne, Adelaide, Brisbane, Perth, Launceston, Wellington, etc.

\