Entomologica Americana 126(1–4):112–114, 2020

THE VENOMOUS ALBITARSIS PASCOE, 1859 (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE): FIRST REPORT IN MINAS GERAIS STATE, BRAZIL

1,2,5 2,3 4 CARLOS AUGUSTO CORREAˆ BRUNO PANDELO BRUGGER¨ *, AME´LIA GUIMARA˜ES CARVALHO ,JOSE´COLA 2 1 Downloaded from http://meridian.allenpress.com/entomologica-americana/article-pdf/126/1-4/112/2708018/i1947-5136-126-1-112.pdf by guest on 30 September 2021 ZANUNCIO AND SE´RVIO PONTES RIBEIRO 1Laboratorio´ de Ecologia do Adoecimento e Florestas, Nucleo´ de Pesquisas em Cienciasˆ Biologicas/NUPEB,´ Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, 35400-000, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] (C.A.C), [email protected] (S.P.R.). 2Laboratorio´ de Controle Biologico´ de Insetos, Departamento de Entomologia/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Vic¸osa, Vic¸osa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brasil; E-mail: [email protected] (C.A.C), [email protected] (B.P.B), [email protected] (J.C.Z.). 3Laboratorio´ de Ecologia Comportamental e Bioacustica´ (LABEC), Programa de Pos-graduac´ ¸a˜oem Biodiversidade e Conservac¸a˜o da Natureza, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, 36036-900, Brasil (present address); E-mail: [email protected] (B.P.B). 4Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, Universidade Federal de Vic¸osa, Vic¸osa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brasil; E-mail: [email protected] 5Laboratorio´ de Manejo Integrado de Insetos Florestais, Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Vic¸osa, Vic¸osa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brasil (present address); E-mail: [email protected] (C.A.C).

INTRODUCTION exposure to venomous (Freitas et al., 2006; Santana et al., 2015). Venom inoculation systems originated indepen- The long-horned beetle, Onychocerus albitarsis dently in different lineages throughout Pascoe, 1859 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), has evolution, and may be used for predation, defense, been reported in Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay and competition for sex partners, or reproduction Peru (Monne´& Chaboo, 2015; Le Tirant & (Arbuckle, 2017). Venom inoculation structures are found in different body parts according to the Limoges, 2016; Monne´, 2020). In Brazil, it is adaptations of each animal group, for instance in known as the ‘‘besouro-escorpia˜o’’ (scorpion mouth parts (snakes, spiders and ticks), modified beetle) (Amaral et al., 2018). This is the only legs (centipedes), the posterior end of the body beetle of approximately 350,000 described species (scorpions) and antennae (scorpion ) (Ar- that is known to inject a venomous secretion buckle, 2017; Herzig, 2019). through stingers located at the ends of the Exposure to venomous invertebrates, such as antennae (Berkov et al., 2008). This venomous bees, scorpions and spiders, can cause anemia, secretion can cause skin and subcutaneous inflam- dermatitis, edema, leukocytosis, necrosis and even mation in humans (Berkov et al., 2008; Amaral et death to humans (Chippaux, 2015; Santana et al., al., 2018). The secretion is released by two pores in 2015; Vikrant et al., 2019). Urbanization can be the last antennal segment, which open into linked with precarious sanitation conditions that channels and transport the toxin to the end of increase the food and shelter supply available to the segment (Berkov et al., 2008). The nature of pests which, consequently, may result in higher this secretion is unknown. Previously collected materials were examined *Corresponding author: Bruno Pandelo Brugger,¨ e- due to the growing interest in O. albitarsis and the mail: [email protected] recent loss of type specimens in a fire at the 2020 113

‘‘Museu Nacional de Zoologia (MNRJ)’’. The main purpose of this report is to document the occurrence of Onychocerus albitarsis in a second- ary forest area of the Atlantic forest biome in Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Downloaded from http://meridian.allenpress.com/entomologica-americana/article-pdf/126/1-4/112/2708018/i1947-5136-126-1-112.pdf by guest on 30 September 2021 MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was carried out in a secondary forest area in the southern part of the Rio Doce State Park in the Atlantic Forest biome of Minas Gerais State, Brazil (next to 19.7712258S, 42.6268448W) (Carvalho & Ribeiro, 2018). The studied area has 36,000 ha of Atlantic rainforest surrounding 44 natural lakes, and is predominantly composed of Fig. 1. Dorsal view of Onychocerus albitarsis Pascoe, 1859 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) with detail of the sting semi-deciduous forest (Silva, 2001; Fonseca-Silva at the end of its antennae. et al., 2015). A section of the park was burned in 1967. Since then, the area has been preserved rence in the Brazilian states of Amazonas, Bahia, without other significant disturbances. Anadenan- Ceara´,Espırito´ Santo, Goia´s, Maranhao, Mato thera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan, Anadenanthera ˜ ´ macrocarpa (Benth.) Brenan (Fabaceae), Cecropia Grosso, Parana, Rio de Janeiro and Sa˜oPaulo ´ spp. (Urticaceae), Lecythis pisonis Cambess. (Le- (Julio & Monne, 2001; Barros et al., 2019; ´ O. albitarsis cythidaceae), Mabea fistulifera Mart. (Euphorbia- Monne, 2020). People stung by in ceae) and Maclura tinctoria (L.) Don ex Steud. Sa˜o Paulo state reported pain, irritation, inflam- (Moraceae) are the most common trees in the area mation and swelling at the wound site, with the (Silva, 2001; Fernandes, personal communica- inflammation lasting up to seven days (Amaral et tion). al., 2018). Fifteen plots (20 3 20m) were sampled during The record of O. albitarsis in the Atlantic Forest the beginning of the rainy season between biome of Minas Gerais State, Brazil, spans the September and November 2013. Each plot was geographic range of this in Brazil. The sampled once for 5 hr at night from 7:00 to 12:00 importance of collecting this insect increased after P.M. with a light trap, consisting of a white sheet fire destroyed a large portion of the scientific stretched across a rope fixed between two trees collection of the ‘‘Museu Nacional de Zoologia and with three 15W bulbs, two fluorescent and (MNRJ).’’ This was a terrible tragedy that one black light powered by a 12v/4ah motorcycle resulted in the loss of irreplaceable specimens battery. The trap light was illuminated once per collected in habitats that by now are probably night in only one plot. The were collected, modified or no longer exist. Onychocerus albitarsis packed in glass jars and transported to the is present in a secondary forest of the Atlantic laboratory for identification. The specimens were Forest biome and is the only venomous beetle ever deposited in the ‘‘Laboratorio´ de Ecologia do recorded. This beetle is able to inoculate a Adoecimento e Florestas’’ in the ‘‘Universidade secretion through stingers located at the ends of Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP)’’ in Ouro Preto, its antennae, but its biology and the nature of its Minas Gerais state, Brazil. toxin are unknown.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS RESULTS We thank Claudio Jose´Fernandes, who worked Three individuals of O. albitarsis were collected for 16 years at Rio Doce State Park, for providing in the study; two on October 6 and one on information about the trees in the study region November 2, 2013 (Fig. 1). and the ‘‘Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientıfico´ e Tecnologico’’´ (CNPq), ‘‘Coordenac¸a˜o DISCUSSION de Aperfeic¸oamento de Pessoal de Nıvel´ Superior’’ This is the first record of O. albitarsis in Minas (CAPES - Finance Code 001), ‘‘Fundac¸a˜ode Gerais state, Brazil, after reports of its occur- Amparo a` Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais’’ 114 ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA Vol. 126(1–4)

(FAPEMIG) and ‘‘Programa Cooperativo sobre centopeias registrados no centro de assistenciaˆ Protec¸a˜o Florestal’’ (PROTEF) do Instituto de toxicologica´ de Pernambuco (1993 a 2003). Pesquisas e Estudos Florestais (IPEF)’’ for finan- Revista de Patologia Tropical 35: 148–156. Herzig V. 2019. assassins: Crawling bio- cial support. JCZ and SPR are funded by a grant chemists with diverse toxin pharmacopeias. Tox- from CNPq. icon 158: 33–37. Julio CEA, Monne´MA. 2001. Onychocerus Lepeletier Downloaded from http://meridian.allenpress.com/entomologica-americana/article-pdf/126/1-4/112/2708018/i1947-5136-126-1-112.pdf by guest on 30 September 2021 LITERATURE CITED and Audinet-Serville, 1830 (Coleoptera, Ceram- bycidae, , ): New species and Amaral ALS, Castilho AL, Borges de Sa´AL, Haddad V key for identification. Boletim do Museu Nacio- Jr. 2018. Envenomations in humans caused by the nal Zoologia 443: 1–8. venomous beetle Onychocerus albitarsis: observa- Le Tirant S, Limoges R. 2016. First record of tion of two cases in Sa˜o Paulo state, Brazil. Onychocerus albitarsis Pascoe, 1859 (Coleoptera: Journal of Clinical Toxicology 8: 1000392. Cerambycidae: Lamiinae: Anisocerini) from Par- Arbuckle K. 2017. Evolutionary context of venom in aguay. Dugesiana 23: 120. animals. In: Gopalakrishnakone P. & Malhotra A. (eds) Evolution of venomous animals and their Monne´MA, Chaboo CS. 2015. Beetles (Coleoptera) of toxins. Toxinology. Springer. Peru: A survey of the families. Cerambycidae, Barros RC, Da Fonseca MG, Vendramini VE, Julio Disteniidae, Vesperidae. Journal of the Kansas CEA. 2019. Species of Lamiinae (Insecta, Cole- Entomological Society 88: 34–120. optera, Cerambycidae) from east Parana´State Monne´MA. 2020. Catalogue of the Cerambycidae (Brazil), with new geographic records. Zootaxa (Coleoptera) of the Neotropical Region. Part II. 4545: 179–204. Subfamily Laminae. Cerambycid Research. Avail- Berkov A, Rodrıguez´ N, Centeno P. 2008. Convergent able in: https://cerambycids.com/default.asp? evolution in the antennae of a cerambycid beetle, action¼show_catalog. Access: September 5, 2020. Onychocerus albitarsis, and the sting of a scorpi- Santana VTP, Barros JO, Suchara EA. 2015. Aspectos on. Naturwissenschaften 95: 257–261. clınicos´ e epidemiologicos´ relacionados a acid- Carvalho B, Ribeiro SP. 2018. Architecture of Mabea entes com animais pec¸onhentos. Revista de fistulifera Mart. (Euphorbiaceae), a neotropical Cienciasˆ Me´dicas e Biologicas´ 14: 153–159. semideciduous tree: development and variations Silva LVC. 2001. Diagnostico´ da cobertura vegetal: in crown allometry between environments. Flora Contribuic¸a˜o ao Plano de Manejo. Parque 239: 104–110. Estadual do Rio Doce. Instituto Estadual de Chippaux J. 2015. Epidemiology of envenomations by Florestas. Available in:,http://www.ief.mg.gov. terrestrial venomous animals in Brazil based on br/index2.php?option¼com_content&do_ case reporting: from obvious facts to contingen- pdf¼1&id¼306.. Access: February 9, 2020. cies. Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Vikrant S, Jaryal A, Gupta D, Parashar A. 2019. including Tropical Diseases 21: 1–17. Epidemiology and outcome of acute kidney injury Fonseca-Silva FM, Carvalho MA, Ribeiro SP. 2015. due to venomous animals from a subtropical Caracterizac¸a˜o da mate´ria organicaˆ particulada region of India. Clinical Toxicology 57: 240–245. dos ultimos10milanosapartirdeum´ testemunho do Parque Estadual do Rio Doce, MG, Brasil: implicac¸oes˜ paleoambientais. Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia 18: 61–170. Freitas GCC, Oliveira Jr AE, Farias JEB, Vasconcelos Received 13 September 2019; accepted 8 Septem- SD. 2006. Acidentes por aranhas, insetos e ber 2020