SEARCH AND RESCUE
AIR NAVIGATION ORDER
VERSION : 1.0 DATE OF IMPLEMENTATION : 15-10-2009 OFFICE OF PRIME INTEREST : Air Navigation Standards (ANS)
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NAME DESIGNATION SIGNATURE
MUHAMMAD SALEEM General Manger Air PREPARED BY ATHAR Navigation Standards
Director Air Navigation REVIEWED BY SYED YOUSUF ABBAS & Aerodrome Regulations
MUHAMMAD NASIM VERIFIED BY Chief Legal Services ZAFAR
Air Cdre. (Retd.) Director General, APPROVED BY MUHAMMAD JUNAID Civil Aviation Authority AMEEN
TYPE OF DOCUMENT AIR NAVIGATION ORDER (ANO).
STATUS OF CONTROLLED DOCUMENT
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
A. AUTHORITY...... 1 B. PURPOSE ...... 1 C. SCOPE ...... 1 D. DESCRIPTION: ...... 1 D1. DEFINITIONS:...... 1 D2. ORGANIZATION: ...... 4 D2.1 SEARCH AND RESCUE SERVICES: ...... 4 D2.2 SEARCH AND RESCUE REGIONS (SRRs): ...... 5 D2.3 RESCUE COORDINATION CENTRES AND RESCUE SUBCENTRES: ...... 5 D2.4 SEARCH AND RESCUE COMMUNICATIONS: ...... 6 D2.5 SEARCH AND RESCUE UNITS: ...... 7 D2.6 SEARCH AND RESCUE EQUIPMENT: ...... 8 D2.7 SUPPLIES AND SURVIVAL EQUIPMENT: ...... 8 D2.8 BASIC CAPABILITIES OF RCC: ...... 10 D3. COOPERATION: ...... 11 D3.1 COOPERATION BETWEEN STATES: ...... 11 D3.2 COOPERATION WITH OTHER SERVICES: ...... 12 D3.3 DISSEMINATION OF INFORMATION: ...... 12 D3.4 PUBLICATION OF INFORMATION REGARDING SAR SERVICES: ...... 12 D4. PREPARATORY MEASURES: ...... 12 D4.1 PREPARATORY INFORMATION: ...... 12 D4.2 PLANS OF OPERATION: ...... 13 D4.3 SEARCH AND RESCUE UNITS: ...... 14 D4.4 TRAINING AND EXERCISES: ...... 14 D4.5 WRECKAGE: ...... 14 D5. OPERATING PROCEDURES: ...... 14 D5.1 INFORMATION CONCERNING EMERGENCIES:...... 14 D5.2 PROCEDURES FOR RESCUE COORDINATION CENTRES DURING EMERGENCY PHASES: ...... 15 D5.3 PROCEDURES WHERE RESPONSIBILITY FOR OPERATIONS EXTENDS TO TWO OR MORE CONTRACTING STATES: ...... 19 D5.4 PROCEDURES FOR AUTHORITIES IN THE FIELD: ...... 19 D5.5 PROCEDURES FOR RESCUE COORDINATION CENTRES — TERMINATION AND SUSPENSION OF OPERATIONS: ...... 19 D5.6 PROCEDURES AT THE SCENE OF AN ACCIDENT: ...... 20
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D5.7 PROCEDURES FOR A PILOT-IN-COMMAND INTERCEPTING A DISTRESS TRANSMISSION: ...... 21 D5.8 SEARCH AND RESCUE SIGNALS: ...... 21 D5.9 MAINTENANCE OF RECORDS: ...... 28 D6. SAR STANDARDS MANUAL: ...... 28 E. EVIDENCES (ACRONYMS / RECORDS / REFERENCES) ...... 28 E1. ACRONYMS...... 28 E2. RECORDS ...... 30 E3. REFERENCES ...... 30 IMPLEMENTATION ...... 30
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A. AUTHORITY
A1. This Air Navigation Order (ANO) has been issued by the Director General CAA in pursuance of Rules 4(3), 66(2)(e), 76 to 79, , 360 and all other enabling provisions of Civil Aviation Rules, 1994 (CARs, 94).
B. PURPOSE
B1. The purpose of this ANO is to provide specifications / requirements for the establishment, maintenance and operation of search and rescue services and allied matters in the territory of Islamic Republic of Pakistan and over the high seas where provision of air traffic services is the responsibility of Pakistan in accordance with the regional air navigation agreements.
C. SCOPE
C1. The Standards and Recommended Practices contained in this ANO in line with requirements of Annex 12 to ICAO convention shall be applicable to all authorities and agencies responsible for the provision of search and rescue (SAR) services to aircraft.
D. DESCRIPTION:
D1. DEFINITIONS:
D1.1 When the following terms are used in the Standards and Recommended Practices for search and rescue, they have the following meanings. Any other term used herein but not defined shall have the same meaning as given in Civil Aviation Ordinance, 1960 and Civil Aviation Rules, 1994.
D1.1.1 ALERT PHASE: A situation wherein apprehension exists as to the safety of an aircraft and its occupants.
D1.1.2 ALERTING POST: Any facility intended to serve as an intermediary between a person reporting an emergency and a rescue coordination centre or rescue subcentre.
D1.1.3 AMVER: A world-wide ship reporting system for search and rescue.
D1.1.4 COSPAS–SARSAT SYSTEM: A satellite system designed to detect distress beacons transmitting on the frequencies 121.5 MHz and 406 MHz.
D1.1.5 CRAFT: Any air or sea-surface vehicle, or submersible of any kind or size.
D1.1.6 DIGITAL SELECTIVE CALLING (DSC): A technique using digital codes which enables a radio station to establish contact with, and transfer information to, another station or group of stations.
D1.1.7 DIRECTION FINDING (DF): Homing on signals to pinpoint a position.
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D1.1.8 DISTRESS ALERTING: The reporting of a distress incident to a unit which can provide or co-ordinate assistance.
D1.1.9 DISTRESS PHASE: A situation wherein there is a reasonable certainty that an aircraft and its occupants are threatened by grave and imminent danger and require immediate assistance.
D1.1.10 DITCHING: The forced landing of an aircraft on water.
D1.1.11 EMERGENCY LOCATOR TRANSMITTER (ELT ): Aeronautical radio distress beacon for alerting and transmitting homing signals.
D1.1.12 EMERGENCY PHASE: A generic term meaning, as the case may be, uncertainty phase, alert phase or distress phase.
D1.1.13 FALSE ALARM: Distress alert initiated for other than an appropriate test, by communications equipment intended for alerting, when no distress situation actually exists.
D1.1.14 FALSE ALERT: Distress alert received from any source, including communications equipment intended for alerting, when no distress situation actually exists, and a notification of distress should not have resulted.
D1.1.15 FLIGHT INFORMATION CENTRE (FIC): A unit established to provide flight information and alerting services.
D1.1.16 GLOBAL MARITIME DISTRESS AND SAFETY SYSTEM (GMDSS): A global communications service based upon automated systems, both satellite-based and terrestrial, to provide distress alerting and promulgation of maritime safety information for mariners.
D1.1.17 GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM (GPS): A specific satellite-based system used in conjunction with mobile equipment to determine the precise position of the mobile equipment.
D1.1.18 JOINT RESCUE COORDINATION CENTRE (JRCC): A rescue coordination centre responsible for both aeronautical and maritime search and rescue operations.
D1.1.19 LOCAL USER TERMINAL (LUT): An earth receiving station that receives beacon signals relayed by Cospas–Sarsat satellites, processes them to determine the location of the beacons and forwards the signals.
D1.1.20 MISSION CONTROL CENTRE (MCC): Part of the Cospas–Sarsat system that accepts alert messages from the local user terminal(s) and other mission control centres to distribute to the appropriate rescue co-ordination centres or other search and rescue points of contact.
D1.1.21 ON-SCENE COORDINATOR (OSC): A person designated to co-ordinate search and rescue operations within a specified area.
D1.1.22 OPERATOR: A person, organization or enterprise engaged in or offering to engage in an aircraft operation.
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D1.1.23 OVERDUE: A situation where a craft has failed to arrive at its intended destination when expected and remains missing.
D1.1.24 PERSONAL LOCATOR BEACON (PLB): Personal radio distress beacon for alerting and transmitting homing signals.
D1.1.25 PILOT-IN-COMMAND: The pilot designated by the operator, or in the case of general aviation, the owner, as being in command and charged with the safe conduct of a flight.
D1.1.26 RESCUE COORDINATION CENTRE (RCC): A unit responsible for promoting efficient organization of search and rescue services and for coordinating the conduct of search and rescue operations within a search and rescue region.
D1.1.27 RESCUE SUBCENTRE (RSC): A unit subordinate to a rescue coordination centre, established to complement the latter according to particular provisions of the responsible authorities.
D1.1.28 RESCUE: An operation to retrieve persons in distress, provide for their initial medical or other needs, and deliver them to a place of safety.
D1.1.29 SEARCH AND RESCUE AIRCRAFT: An aircraft provided with specialized equipment suitable for the efficient conduct of search and rescue missions.
D1.1.30 SEARCH AND RESCUE COORDINATOR (SC): One or more persons or agencies within an administration with overall responsibility for establishing and providing SAR services and ensuring that planning for those services is properly co-ordinated.
D1.1.31 SEARCH AND RESCUE FACILITY: Any mobile resource, including designated search and rescue units, used to conduct search and rescue operations.
D1.1.32 SEARCH AND RESCUE MISSION COORDINATOR (SMC): The official temporarily assigned to co-ordinate response to an actual or apparent distress situation.
D1.1.33 SEARCH AND RESCUE PLAN: A general term used to describe documents which exist at all levels of the national and international search and rescue structure to describe goals, arrangements and procedures which support the provision of search and rescue services.
D1.1.34 SEARCH AND RESCUE POINT OF CONTACT (SPOC): Rescue co-ordination centres and other established and recognized national points of contact which can accept responsibility to receive Cospas–Sarsat alert data to enable the rescue of persons in distress.
D1.1.35 SEARCH AND RESCUE REGION (SRR): An area of defined dimensions, associated with a rescue coordination centre, within which search and rescue services are provided.
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D1.1.36 SEARCH AND RESCUE SERVICE: The performance of distress monitoring, communication, coordination and search and rescue functions, initial medical assistance or medical evacuation, through the use of public and private resources, including cooperating aircraft, vessels and other craft and installations.
D1.1.37 SEARCH AND RESCUE SUB-REGION (SRS): A specified area within a search and rescue region associated with a rescue sub-centre.
D1.1.38 SEARCH AND RESCUE UNIT: A mobile resource composed of trained personnel and provided with equipment suitable for the expeditious conduct of search and rescue operations.
D1.1.39 SEARCH AREA: The area, determined by the search planner, that is to be searched. This area may be sub- divided into search sub-areas for the purpose of assigning specific responsibilities to the available search facilities.
D1.1.40 SEARCH OBJECT: A ship, aircraft, or other craft missing or in distress or survivors or related search objects or evidence for which a search is being conducted.
D1.1.41 SEARCH: An operation normally coordinated by a rescue coordination centre or rescue subcentre using available personnel and facilities to locate persons in distress.
D1.1.42 STATE OF REGISTRY: The State on whose register the aircraft is entered.
D1.1.43 UNCERTAINTY PHASE: A situation wherein uncertainty exists as to the safety of an aircraft and its occupants.
D1.1.44 UNNECESSARY SAR ALERT (UNSAR): A message sent by an RCC to the appropriate authorities as a follow-up when the SAR system is unnecessarily activated by a false alert.
D1.1.45 VESSEL: A maritime craft.
D2. ORGANIZATION:
D2.1 SEARCH AND RESCUE SERVICES:
D2.1.1 The Authority shall, arrange for the establishment and prompt provision of search and rescue services within the territorial limits of Islamic Republic of Pakistan to ensure that assistance is rendered to aircraft/persons in distress. Such services shall be provided on a 24-hour basis.
D2.1.2 The Authority shall also establish and provide search and rescue services in those portions of the high seas where air traffic services are being provided by ACC JIAP Karachi, on the basis of regional air navigation agreement.
Note:- The phrase “regional air navigation agreements” refers to the agreements approved by the Council of ICAO normally on the advice of Regional Air Navigation Meetings.
D2.1.3 Basic elements of search and rescue services shall include a legal framework, responsible authority, organized available resources, communication facilities and a workforce skilled in coordination and operational functions.
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D2.1.4 Search and rescue services shall establish processes to improve service provision, including the aspects of planning, domestic and international cooperative arrangements and training.
D2.1.5 Assistance to aircraft in distress and to survivors of aircraft accidents shall be provided regardless of the nationality or status of such persons or the circumstances in which such persons are found.
D2.1.6 Search and rescue services shall use search and rescue units and other available facilities to assist any aircraft or its occupants that are or appear to be in a state of emergency.
D2.1.7 Where separate aeronautical and maritime rescue coordination centres serve the same area, the closest practicable coordination between these centres shall be ensured.
D2.1.8 Consistency and cooperation between the aeronautical and maritime search and rescue services should be maintained at all times.
D2.1.9 The authority, may from time to time prescribe the procedures in SAR standards manual.
D2.2 SEARCH AND RESCUE REGIONS (SRRs):
D2.2.1 Search and rescue regions shall be established and delineated to ensure the provision of adequate communication infrastructure, efficient distress alert routing and proper operational coordination to effectively support search and rescue services. Such regions shall not overlap and neighbouring regions shall be contiguous.
Note:- The delineation of search and rescue regions is determined on the basis of technical and operational considerations
D2.2.2 Search and rescue regions should, in so far as practicable, be coincident with corresponding flight information regions and, with respect to those areas over the high seas, maritime search and rescue regions.
D2.2.3 The SAR in the prohibited areas will be the responsibility of concerned military services. However, the civil agencies/authorities may be authorized to do so with the prior permission of the concerned military services
D2.3 RESCUE COORDINATION CENTRES AND RESCUE SUBCENTRES:
D2.3.1 A rescue coordination centre shall be established in each search and rescue region.
D2.3.2 A rescue coordination centre may be established with an associated search and rescue region that, in accordance with regional air navigation agreement, extends over an area greater than its sovereign airspace.
D2.3.3 Each rescue coordination centre and, as appropriate, rescue subcentre, shall be staffed 24 hours a day by trained personnel proficient in the use of the language used for radio- telephony communications.
D2.3.4 RCC personnel involved in the conduct of radiotelephony communications should be proficient in the use of the English language.
D2.3.5 In areas where public telecommunications facilities would not permit persons observing an aircraft in emergency to notify the rescue coordination centre concerned directly and promptly, suitable units of public or private services should be designated as alerting posts.
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D2.3.6 DESIGNATED ALERTING POSTS:
D2.3.6.1 The following authorities, agencies, aerodromes and their associated units are designated alerting posts;
i) all CAA/PAF airports/aerodromes; ii) Pakistan coast Guard (for Karachi FIR only); iii) Maritime Security Agency (for Karachi FIR only); iv) all District & Tehsil Headquarters; v) all Police Stations; vi) all Railway Stations; vii) all Army and Rangers Units; viii) Harbour Master (for Karachi FIR only); ix) Pakistan Navy Units through commander, Karachi PN (for Karachi FIR only); x) all Divisional Forest Offices; xi) all Meteorological observation stations; xii) all Post Offices & Pakistan Telecommunication stations/offices; xiii) all Engineers In-charges of River and Canal Headwork;
D2.4 SEARCH AND RESCUE COMMUNICATIONS:
D2.4.1 Each rescue coordination centre shall have means of rapid and reliable two-way communication with:
i) associated air traffic services units; ii) associated rescue subcentres; iii) appropriate direction-finding and position-fixing stations; iv) where appropriate, coastal radio stations capable of alerting and communicating with surface vessels in the region; v) the headquarters of search and rescue units in the region; vi) all maritime rescue coordination centres in the region and aeronautical, maritime or joint rescue coordination centres in adjacent regions; vii) a designated meteorological office or meteorological watch office; viii) search and rescue units; ix) alerting posts; and x) the Cospas-Sarsat Mission Control Centre servicing the search and rescue region.
Note:- Maritime rescue coordination centres are identified in relevant documents of the International Maritime Organization.
D2.4.2 Each rescue subcentre shall have means of rapid and reliable two-way communication with: i) adjacent rescue subcentres; ii) a meteorological office or meteorological watch office;
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iii) search and rescue units; and iv) alerting posts.
D2.5 SEARCH AND RESCUE UNITS:
D2.5.1 DESIGNATED GROUND SAR UNITS: All aerodromes/airports, except those which have been closed or scaled down, under the administrative control of PCAA shall serve as ground search and rescue units.
D2.5.1.1 DESIGNATED AERIAL SAR UNITS: The following are the designated aerial SAR units:
a) for Karachi FIR: i) Base Commander, PAF Base Masroor. ii) Base Commander, PAF Base Samungli (Quetta). iii) HQ Maritime Security Agency - MRCC, Karachi (MSA will provide the SAR aircraft/helicopter including the one’s of Pakistan Navy). iv) Commanding Officer, Army Aviation No. 10 Squadron; Quetta. v) GSO-I Operations, Army Aviation Multan. vi) Officer Commanding, PNS Mehran Karachi. vii) Commanding Officer, Army Aviation No. 7 Squadron; Karachi. viii) Plant Protection Department, Karachi. ix) Edhi Air Ambulance Service. x) Any other General Aviation Organization based in Karachi.
b) for Lahore FIR:
i) Base Commander, PAF Base, Mushaf (former Sargodha). ii) Base Commander, PAF Base, Chaklala. iii) Base Commander, PAF Base, Peshawar. iv) Base Commander, PAF Base, Mianwali. v) Base Commander, PAF Base, Minhas (Kamra). vi) Base Commander, PAF Base, Rafiqui (Shorkot). vii) Base Commander, PAF Base, Samungli (Quetta). viii) Base Commander, Army Aviation Base, Qasim. ix) Base Commander, Army Aviation Base, Multan. x) Commanding Officer No. 02 Army Aviation Squadron, Lahore. xi) Commanding Officer No. 01 Army Aviation Squadron, Mangla. xii) Commanding Officer No. 09 Army Aviation Squadron, Peshawar. xiii) Commanding Officer No.10 Army Aviation Squadron, Quetta. xiv) Army Aviation Fleet, Gilgit. xv) Army Aviation Fleet, Skardu. xvi) Any other General Aviation Organization based in Lahore FIR. xvii) Any other available civil aircraft shall also be deployed for Search and Rescue by Lahore RCC.
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D2.5.1.2 DESIGNATED SEA SAR UNITS: Maritime security agency and its allied elements are the designated sea SAR units.
D2.5.2 Search and rescue plan of operation, shall include elements of public or private services (duly designated) that do not qualify as search and rescue units but are nevertheless able to participate in search and rescue operations.
D2.6 SEARCH AND RESCUE EQUIPMENT:
D2.6.1 Search and rescue units shall be provided with equipment for locating promptly, and for providing adequate assistance at, the scene of an accident.
D2.6.2 Each search and rescue unit should have means of rapid and reliable two-way communication with other search and rescue facilities engaged in the same operation.
D2.6.3 Each search and rescue aircraft shall be equipped to be able to communicate on the aeronautical distress and on-scene frequencies and on such other frequencies as may be prescribed.
D2.6.4 Each search and rescue aircraft shall be equipped with a device for homing on distress frequencies.
Note 1:- Emergency locator transmitter (ELT) carriage requirements are available in Annex 6, Parts I, II and III and relevant Air Navigation Orders.
Note 2:- Specifications for ELTs are available in Annex 10, Volume III and relevant Air Navigation Orders.
D2.6.5 Each search and rescue aircraft, when used for search and rescue over maritime areas, shall be equipped to be able to communicate with vessels.
Note:- Many vessels can communicate with aircraft on 2182 kHz, 4125 kHz and 121.5 MHz. However, these frequencies, and in particular 121.5 MHz, may not be routinely monitored by vessels.
D2.6.6 Each search and rescue aircraft, when used for search and rescue over maritime areas shall carry a copy of the International Code of Signals to enable it to overcome language difficulties that may be experienced in communicating with ships.
Note:- The International Code of Signals is published in English, French and Spanish by the International Maritime Organization as documents I994E, I995F and I996S.
D2.6.7 Unless it is known that there is no need to provide supplies to survivors by air, at least one of the aircraft participating in a search and rescue operation should carry droppable survival equipment.
D2.6.8 Survival equipment suitably packed for dropping by aircraft should be located at appropriate aerodromes.
D2.7 SUPPLIES AND SURVIVAL EQUIPMENT:
D2.7.1 PACKS OF SUPPLIES AND SURVIVAL EQUIPMENT: The word ‘‘pack’’ is used here as a collective term. A pack may consist of several parcels. The lists of supplies and survival equipment given below are not all-inclusive but are intended to serve as a guide. The lists indicate which items should be considered for inclusion in a basic pack.
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i) Rations: subsistence pack of concentrated food or assorted containers of food, water in sealed containers or screw-top polythene containers, condensed milk, coffee, sugar, and salt. In general, provision of water to survivors should take priority over food. ii) Signalling: portable radio transmitter/receiver, pyrotechnic signals (smoke candles and red flares), flare pistol and colour-coded signal flares, flashlight, whistle, signalling mirror, and signal code card. iii) Medical: first-aid kit, insect repellent and head net, aspirin, sunburn lotion, and sunglasses or glare goggles. iv) Covering: tent, sleeping bag, blanket, waterproof clothing, socks, gloves, protective foot covering, wool hat, and compact foil emergency (‘‘space’’) blanket. v) Fire and Lighting: water - and wind-proof matches, burning lens, fire kindling tablets, emergency stove, candles, and flashlight with spare batteries and bulbs. vi) Sundry: can opener, cooking and eating utensils, fishing kit, lock-blade knife, axe, rope, compass, writing pad, pencil, soap, towelling and toilet tissues, and booklet with survival hints.
D2.7.2 A sufficient number of packs should be held in stock for immediate delivery to SRUs setting out on a SAR operation. There should be enough of each item to enable survivors to subsist until rescue may be effected.
D2.7.3 In areas with more severe climates, the basic items will have to be supplemented. The areas for which these items are listed below do not cover the entire world, but the items may be needed in maritime areas from the Polar Regions to the tropics.
D2.7.3.1 MARITIME AREAS: i) Rations: extra fluids, desalination and water purification kits; ii) Signalling: dye markers, smoke floats; iii) Medical: sea-sickness medication; and iv) Sundry: fishing kit, additional life-rafts, life-raft repair kit, shark repellent and lifejackets.
D2.7.3.2 DESERT AREAS:
i) Rations: extra fluids; ii) Covering: wide-brimmed hat, shade sheets; and iii) Medical: additional sunscreen and antiseptic ointment.
D2.7.3.3 FOREST AND JUNGLE AREAS: i) Rations: water purification tablets; ii) Medical: anti-malaria tablets, antiseptic ointment, snakebite kit, adhesive plaster, insect repellent; and iii) Sundry: fishing kit, bush axe, and bush saw.
D2.7.3.4 MOUNTAINOUS AREAS: i) Sundry: rope and mountain-climbing equipment.
D2.7.3.5 Additional items that may be required include: i) Hunting and self protection : firearms and ammunition, knives.
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ii) Care of injured : extra dressings and bandages, air mattresses, stretchers, splints, morphine, antibiotic drugs. iii) Leaving scene of accident for recovery point : litters (for the injured), rucksacks, walking boots, snowshoes, skis, additional signalling equipment.
D2.7.4 SUPPLY COLOUR CODING AND PICTOGRAMS:
D2.7.4.1 Containers or packages containing survival equipment for dropping to survivors should have the general nature of their contents indicated by a colour code, printed indication (in English and two or more other languages), and self-explanatory symbols.
D2.7.4.2 The colour identification of the contents of droppable containers and packages of survival equipment should have streamers coloured according to the following code: RED: Medical supplies and first-aid equipment. BLUE: Food and water. YELLOW: Blankets and protective clothing. BLACK: Miscellaneous equipment such as stoves, axes, compasses, and cooking utensils.
D2.8 BASIC CAPABILITIES OF RCC:
D2.8.1 The RCC must have basic capabilities listed in Table-1.
Table-1 – Capabilities of a fully capable RCC
Sr. Required Desired No. i. 24-hour availability Wall chart depicting SRR, SRSs, and neighbouring SRRs, SAR resources ii. Trained persons Computer resources iii. Persons with a working knowledge of the English Databases language iv. Charts which apply to the SRR (aeronautical, nautical, topographic and hydrographic) v. Means of plotting vi. Ability to receive distress alerts, e.g., from MCCs, CESs, etc. vii. Immediate communications with: associated ATS units associated RSCs viii. DF and position-fixing stations associated CRSs ix. Rapid and reliable communications with: Parent agencies of SRUs, adjacent RCCs, designated meteorological offices, employed SRUs, alerting posts x. Plans of operation
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D3. COOPERATION:
D3.1 COOPERATION BETWEEN STATES:
D3.1.1 PCAA shall arrange coordination of its search and rescue organizations with those of neighbouring States as per procedures in vogue.
D3.1.2 RCCs, whenever necessary, should coordinate their search and rescue operations with those of neighbouring States especially when these operations are proximate to adjacent search and rescue regions .
D3.1.2.1 Development of common search and rescue plans and procedures to facilitate coordination of search and rescue operations with those of neighbouring States should, in so far as practicable, be considered. For this purpose prior approval of Federal Government shall be obtained.
D3.1.3 Search and rescue units of other States for the purpose of searching for the site of aircraft accidents and rescuing survivors of such accidents may be permitted entry provided the express approval of Federal Government is obtained before such entry.
D3.1.4 Whenever search and rescue units are required to enter the territory of a neighbouring Contracting State for search and rescue purposes, the concerned RCC, with prior approval of Federal Government, shall transmit a request, giving full details of the projected mission and the need for it, to the rescue coordination centre of the State concerned or to such other authority as has been designated by that State.
D3.1.4.1 Whenever, a request regarding requirement of entry of search and rescue units into territory of Pakistan for search and rescue purposes from RCC of a neighbouring Contracting State is received, the concerned RCC shall; a) Immediately acknowledge the receipt of such a request; b) Forward the request, to the concerned authorities of Federal government instantaneously; and c) As soon as possible, indicate the conditions as specified by the authorities granting such permission, under which the projected mission may be undertaken.
D3.1.5 Agreements with neighbouring States, with the prior approval of Federal Government, should be made to strengthen search and rescue cooperation and coordination, setting forth the conditions for entry of each other’s search and rescue units into their respective territories. These agreements should also provide for expediting entry of such units with the least possible formalities.
D3.1.6 The Authority (PCAA), with the prior approval of Federal Government, may authorize its rescue coordination centres to:
a) request other rescue coordination centres such assistance, including aircraft, vessels, persons or equipment, as may be needed;
b) grant any necessary permission for the entry of such aircraft, vessels, persons or equipment into its territory; and
c) make the necessary arrangements with the appropriate customs, immigration or other authorities with a view to expediting such entry.
D3.1.7 The Authority, with the prior approval of Federal Government, may authorize its rescue coordination centres to provide, when requested, assistance to other rescue coordination centres, including assistance in the form of aircraft, vessels, persons or equipment.
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D3.1.8 The Authority, with the prior approval of Federal Government, should make arrangements for joint training exercises involving the search and rescue units and operators, in order to promote search and rescue efficiency.
D3.1.9 The Authority, with the prior approval of Federal Government, should make arrangements for periodic liaison visits by personnel of their rescue coordination centres and subcentres to the centres of neighbouring States.
D3.2 COOPERATION WITH OTHER SERVICES:
D3.2.1 The Authority, shall make arrangements for all aircraft, vessels and local services and facilities which do not form part of the search and rescue organization to cooperate fully with the latter in search and rescue and to extend any possible assistance to the survivors of aircraft accidents.
D3.2.2 The closest practicable coordination between the relevant aeronautical and maritime authorities to provide for the most effective and efficient search and rescue services should be ensured.
D3.2.3 Search and rescue services shall cooperate with the authorities responsible for investi- gating accidents and with those responsible for the care of those who suffered from the accident.
D3.2.4 Rescue units should, when practicable, be accompanied by persons qualified in the conduct of aircraft accident investigation in order to facilitate accident investigations.
D3.2.5 Designated search and rescue point of contact for the receipt of Cospas-Sarsat distress data is Karachi ACC/RCC.
D3.3 DISSEMINATION OF INFORMATION:
D3.3.1 All information necessary for the entry of search and rescue units of other Contracting States into Pakistan shall be included in search and rescue service arrangements.
D3.3.2 Information regarding the search and rescue plans of operation should be made available to the neighbouring rescue coordination centres, whenever such information could benefit the provision of search and rescue services.
D3.3.3 Information to the general public and emergency response authorities regarding actions to be taken, should, to the extent desirable and practicable, be disseminated, when there is a reason to believe that an aircraft’s emergency situation may become cause for public concern or require a general emergency response.
D3.4 PUBLICATION OF INFORMATION REGARDING SAR SERVICES:
D3.4.1 Information necessary for SAR services shall be published in AIP Pakistan.
D4. PREPARATORY MEASURES:
D4.1 PREPARATORY INFORMATION:
D4.1.1 Each rescue coordination centre shall have readily available at all times up-to-date information concerning the following in respect of its search and rescue region: a) search and rescue units, rescue subcentres and alerting posts;
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b) air traffic services units; c) means of communication that may be used in search and rescue operations; d) addresses and telephone numbers of all operators, or their designated representatives, engaged in operations in the region; and e) any other public and private resources including medical and transportation facilities that are likely to be useful in search and rescue.
D4.1.2 Each rescue coordination centre should have readily available all other information of interest to search and rescue, including information regarding. a) the locations, call signs, hours of watch, and frequencies of all radio stations likely to be employed in support of search and rescue operations; b) the locations and hours of watch of services keeping radio watch, and the frequencies guarded; c) locations where supplies of droppable emergency and survival equipment are stored; and d) objects which it is known might be mistaken for un-located or un-reported wreckage, particularly if viewed from the air.
D4.1.3 Each rescue coordination centre whose search and rescue region includes maritime areas should have ready access to information regarding the position, course and speed of ships within such areas that may be able to provide assistance to aircraft in distress and information on how to contact them.
Note:- This information may either be kept in the rescue coordination centres or be readily accessible.
D4.1.4 The Search and rescue services, should, make arrangements for communication/ coordination with maritime authorities or establish links with Amver or regional ship reporting systems to facilitate search and rescue operations at sea.
D4.2 PLANS OF OPERATION:
D4.2.1 Each rescue coordination centre shall prepare detailed plans of operation for the conduct of search and rescue operations within its search and rescue region.
D4.2.2 Search and rescue plans of operations should be developed jointly with representatives of the operators and other public or private services that may assist in providing search and rescue services or benefit from them, taking into account that the number of survivors could be large.
D4.2.3 The plans of operation shall specify arrangements for the servicing and refuelling, to the extent possible, of aircraft, vessels and vehicles employed in search and rescue operations, including those made available by other States.
D4.2.4 The search and rescue plans of operation shall contain details regarding actions to be taken by those persons engaged in search and rescue, including: a) the manner in which search and rescue operations are to be conducted in the search and rescue region; b) the use of available communication systems and facilities; c) the actions to be taken jointly with other rescue coordination centres; d) the methods of alerting en-route aircraft and ships at sea; e) the duties and prerogatives of persons assigned to search and rescue;
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f) the possible redeployment of equipment that may be necessitated by meteorological or other conditions; g) the methods for obtaining essential information relevant to search and rescue operations, such as weather reports and forecasts, appropriate NOTAM, etc.; h) the methods for obtaining, from other rescue coordination centres, such assistance, including aircraft, vessels, persons or equipment, as may be needed; i) the methods for assisting distressed aircraft being compelled to ditch to rendezvous with surface craft; j) the methods for assisting search and rescue or other aircraft to proceed to aircraft in distress; and k) cooperative actions to be taken in conjunction with air traffic services units and other authorities concerned to assist aircraft known or believed to be subject to unlawful interference.
D4.2.5 Search and rescue plans of operation should be integrated with airport emergency plans to provide for rescue services in the vicinity of aerodromes including, for coastal aerodromes, areas of water.
D4.3 SEARCH AND RESCUE UNITS:
D4.3.1 Each search and rescue unit shall: a) be cognizant of all parts of the plans of operation prescribed in D4.2 that are necessary for the effective conduct of its duties; and b) keep the rescue coordination centre informed of its preparedness.
D4.3.2 Search and Rescue services shall: a) maintain in readiness the required number of search and rescue facilities; and b) maintain adequate supplies of rations, medical stores, signalling devices and other survival and rescue equipment.
D4.4 TRAINING AND EXERCISES:
D4.4.1 Search and rescue services, to achieve and maintain maximum efficiency in search and rescue, shall provide for regular training of their search and rescue personnel and arrange appropriate search and rescue exercises.
D4.5 WRECKAGE:
D4.5.1 Search and rescue services should ensure that wreckage resulting from aircraft accidents within its territory or, in the case of accidents on the high seas or in areas of undetermined sovereignty, within the search and rescue regions for which it is responsible, is removed, obliterated or charted following completion of the accident investigation, if its presence might constitute a hazard or confuse subsequent search and rescue operations.
D5. OPERATING PROCEDURES:
D5.1 INFORMATION CONCERNING EMERGENCIES:
D5.1.1 Any authority or any element of the search and rescue organization having reason to believe that an aircraft is in an emergency shall give immediately all available information to the rescue coordination centre concerned.
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D5.1.2 Rescue coordination centres shall, immediately upon receipt of information concerning aircraft in emergency, evaluate such information and assess the extent of the operation required.
D5.1.3 When information concerning aircraft in emergency is received from other sources than air traffic services units, the rescue coordination centre shall determine to which emergency phase the situation corresponds and shall apply the procedures applicable to that phase.
D5.2 PROCEDURES FOR RESCUE COORDINATION CENTRES DURING EMERGENCY PHASES:
D5.2.1 UNCERTAINTY PHASE:
D5.2.1.1 Upon the occurrence of an uncertainty phase, the rescue coordination centre shall cooperate to the utmost with air traffic services units and other appropriate agencies and services in order that incoming reports may be speedily evaluated.
D5.2.1.2 Actions required to be taken by the RCC (Check List) during an uncertainty phase are; i) Designate Search and rescue Mission Co-ordinator (SMC). ii) Verify departure and non-arrival. iii) Assist ATS units with Communications Search (aircraft). iv) Conduct Communications Search (vessel). v) Include information requests in scheduled broadcasts. vi) Co-ordinate news releases to media. vii) Issue appropriate notices. viii) If located and safe: a) Close case. b) Cancel broadcasts and notices. c) Send required reports. d) Notify all concerned. ix) If not located by a preliminary communications search, execute an extended communications search; consider advancing to the Alert Phase . x) Start completing Incident Processing Forms (Appendix A & B).
D5.2.2 ALERT PHASE:
D5.2.2.1 Upon the occurrence of an alert phase, the rescue coordination centre shall immediately alert search and rescue units and initiate any necessary action.
D5.2.2.2 Actions required to be taken by the RCC (Check List) during an alert phase are;
Note:- Ensure Uncertainty Phase Checklist items are considered .
i) Designate SMC if not already done. ii) Issue urgent broadcasts to obtain assistance. iii) Obtain information on positions of ships at sea and request assistance as necessary. iv) Dispatch SRU(s) to provide assistance. v) Alert DF nets.
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vi) Request ATS unit to obtain assistance from en-route aircraft. vii) If disabled unit/aircraft regains normal operations, monitor until assured of safety. viii) When unit is in no danger, cancel broadcasts and notify all concerned. ix) Close case when assistance has been completed. x) If situation deteriorates and a unit/aircraft or person is in grave and imminent danger, advance to Distress Phase.
D5.2.2.3 Actions required to be taken by the RCC (Check List) for an overdue aircraft are; i) Alert SRU(s). ii) Request ATS units to attempt contact. iii) Review any flight plans filed. iv) Alert radar and DF nets. v) Have ATS units’ alerted en-route aircraft. vi) Alert other agencies. vii) Alert adjacent RCCs or other SAR authorities. viii) Start search planning. ix) Dispatch SRU for initial search. x) Designate SMC. xi) Use (as appropriate): a) NOTAMs. b) News media broadcasts. xii) If located: a) Close case. b) Cancel broadcast and notices. c) Notify all concerned. xiii) When situation deteriorates and a unit or person is considered to be in grave and imminent danger, advance to Distress Phase .
D5.2.2.4 Actions required to be taken by the RCC (Check List) for an aircraft subjected to unlawful interference are;
i) Alert other agencies, such as appropriate Government authorities, law-enforcement and aviation security authorities. ii) Alert SRU(s). iii) Alert adjacent RCCs or other SAR authorities. iv) Alert radar and DF nets. v) Dispatch SRU as requested by other agencies. vi) When it is probable that the aircraft is about to make a forced landing or ditch, or has done so, advance to Distress Phase .
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D5.2.3 DISTRESS PHASE:
D5.2.3.1 Upon the occurrence of a distress phase, the rescue coordination centre shall: a) immediately initiate action by search and rescue units in accordance with the appropriate plan of operation; b) ascertain the position of the aircraft, estimate the degree of uncertainty of this position, and, on the basis of this information and the circumstances, determine the extent of the area to be searched; c) notify the operator, where possible, and keep the operator informed of developments; d) notify other rescue coordination centres, the help of which seems likely to be required, or which may be concerned in the operation; e) notify the associated air traffic services unit, when the information on the emergency has been received from another source; f) request at an early stage such aircraft, vessels, coastal stations and other services not specifically included in the appropriate plan of operation and able to assist to: 1) maintain a listening watch for transmissions from the aircraft in distress, survival radio equipment or an ELT; Note:- The frequencies contained in the specifications for ELTs are 121.5 MHz and 406 MHz. 2) assist the aircraft in distress as far as practicable; and 3) inform the rescue coordination centre of any developments; g) from the information available, draw up a detailed plan of action for the conduct of the search and/or rescue operation required and communicate such plan for the guidance of the authorities immediately directing the conduct of such an operation; h) amend as necessary, in the light of evolving circumstances, the detailed plan of action; i) notify the appropriate accident investigation authorities; and j) notify the State of Registry of the aircraft. The order in which these actions are described shall be followed unless circumstances dictate otherwise.
D5.2.3.2 Actions required to be taken by the RCC (Check List) during Distress phase are;
Note:- Ensure Uncertainty and Alert Phase Checklists items are considered. i) Designate SMC if not already done. ii) Notify adjacent RCCs or RSCs or other SAR authorities. iii) Dispatch SRUs if distress location is known. iv) If submersible or underwater habitat, request Navy or other special assistance. v) Dispatch any specialized units needed. vi) Develop initial search action plan. vii) Provide SRUs with mission information. viii) Designate OSC. ix) Consider use of multiple OSCs;
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a) Air OSC. b) Surface OSC. c) Geographical OSC. x) Assign on-scene frequencies. xi) Consider the use of datum marker buoys. xii) Ensure briefing of search crews. xiii) Pass instructions to OSC. xiv) Request other available agencies provide assistance. xv) Query radar and direction-finding stations. xvi) Issue distress broadcasts. xvii) Request news media to include urgent requests for information. xviii) Determine merchant vessel locations; if appropriate. xix) Have ATS unit alert en-route aircraft. xx) Maintain communications link with distressed craft. xxi) Inform distressed unit of action taken. xxii) Send request for assistance to specific vessels. xxiii) Begin planning for extended search efforts. xxiv) Use computer-assisted search planning tools, if available. xxv) Establish contact and maintain liaison with distressed craft’s operating agency. xxvi) Notify authorities of country of registry of distressed craft. xxvii) Notify accident investigation authorities. xxviii) Maintain records and charts of search activities and estimates of search effectiveness. xxix) Send required reports. xxx) Ensure debriefing of SAR crews. xxxi) If search is successful and rescue effected, cancel broadcasts and close case. xxxii) If search is unsuccessful: a) Continue operations until all reasonable effort has been made. b) Obtain management concurrence to suspend search. xxxiii) Notify all concerned of actions taken. xxxiv) Send required final reports
D5.2.4 Initiation of search and rescue action in respect of an aircraft whose position is unknown.
D5.2.4.1 In the event that an emergency phase is declared in respect of an aircraft whose position is unknown and may be in one of two or more search and rescue regions, the following shall apply:
a) When a rescue coordination centre is notified of the existence of an emergency phase and is unaware of other centres taking appropriate action, it shall assume responsibility for initiating suitable action in accordance with D5.2 and confer with
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neighbouring rescue coordination centres with the objective of designating one res- cue coordination centre to assume responsibility forthwith.
b) Unless otherwise decided by common agreement of the rescue coordination centres concerned, the rescue coordination centre to coordinate search and rescue action shall be the centre responsible for:
i) the region in which the aircraft last reported its position; or
ii) the region to which the aircraft was proceeding when its last reported position was on the line separating two search and rescue regions; or
iii) the region to which the aircraft was destined when it was not equipped with suitable two-way radio communication or not under obligation to maintain radio communication; or
iv) the region in which the distress site is located as identified by the Cospas- Sarsat system.
c) After declaration of the distress phase, the rescue coordination centre with overall coordination responsibility shall inform all rescue coordination centres that may become involved in the operation of all the circumstances of the emergency and subsequent developments. Likewise, all rescue coordination centres becoming aware of any information pertaining to the emergency shall inform the rescue coordination centre that has overall responsibility.
D5.2.5 Passing of information to aircraft in respect of which an emergency phase has been declared
D5.2.5.1 Whenever applicable, the rescue coordination centre responsible for search and rescue action shall forward to the air traffic services unit serving the flight information region in which the aircraft is operating, information of the search and rescue action initiated, in order that such information can be passed to the aircraft.
D5.3 PROCEDURES WHERE RESPONSIBILITY FOR OPERATIONS EXTENDS TO TWO OR MORE CONTRACTING STATES:
D5.3.1 The authorities responsible for the provision of search and rescue services shall take action in accordance with the relevant plan of operations when so requested by the rescue coordination centre of the neighbouring Contracting State.
D5.4 PROCEDURES FOR AUTHORITIES IN THE FIELD:
D5.4.1 The authorities immediately directing the conduct of operations or any part thereof shall: a) give instructions to the units under their direction and inform the rescue coordination centre of such instructions; and b) keep the rescue coordination centre informed of developments.
D5.5 PROCEDURES FOR RESCUE COORDINATION CENTRES — TERMINATION AND SUSPENSION OF OPERATIONS:
D5.5.1 Search and rescue operations shall continue, when practicable, until all survivors are delivered to a place of safety or until all reasonable hope of rescuing survivors has passed.
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D5.5.2 The responsible rescue coordination centre shall normally be responsible for determining when to discontinue search and rescue operations.
Note:- Input from other appropriate/concerned State authorities (i.e. MoD etc.) in the decision-making process leading to termination of SAR operations should be obtained.
D5.5.3 When a search and rescue operation has been successful or when a rescue coordination centre considers, or is informed, that an emergency no longer exists, the emergency phase shall be cancelled, the search and rescue operation shall be terminated and any authority, facility or service that has been activated or notified shall be promptly informed.
D5.5.4 If a search and rescue operation becomes impracticable and the rescue coordination centre concludes that there might still be survivors, the centre shall temporarily suspend on-scene activities pending further developments and shall promptly inform any authority, facility or service which has been activated or notified. Relevant information subsequently received shall be evaluated and search and rescue operations resumed when justified and practicable.
D5.6 PROCEDURES AT THE SCENE OF AN ACCIDENT:
D5.6.1 When multiple facilities are engaged in search and rescue operations on-scene, the rescue coordination centre or rescue subcentre shall designate one or more units on-scene to coordinate all actions to help ensure the safety and effectiveness of air and surface operations, taking into account facility capabilities and operational requirements.
D5.6.2 When a pilot-in-command observes that either another aircraft or a surface craft is in distress, the pilot shall, if possible and unless considered unreasonable or unnecessary:
a) keep the craft in distress in sight until compelled to leave the scene or advised by the rescue coordination centre that it is no longer necessary;
b) determine the position of the craft in distress;
c) as appropriate, report to the rescue coordination centre or air traffic services unit as much of the following information as possible: i) type of craft in distress, its identification and condition; ii) its position, expressed in geographical or grid coordinates or in distance and true bearing from a distinctive landmark or from a radio navigation aid; iii) time of observation expressed in hours and minutes Coordinated Universal Time (UTC); iv) number of persons observed; v) whether persons have been seen to abandon the craft in distress; vi) on-scene weather conditions; vii) apparent physical condition of survivors; viii) apparent best ground access route to the distress site; and
d) act as instructed by the rescue coordination centre or the air traffic services unit.
D5.6.2.1 If the first aircraft to reach the scene of an accident is not a search and rescue aircraft, it shall take charge of on-scene activities of all other aircraft subsequently arriving until the first search and rescue aircraft reaches the scene of the accident. If, in the meantime, such aircraft is unable to establish communication with the appropriate rescue coordination centre or air traffic
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services unit, it shall, by mutual agreement, hand over to an aircraft capable of establishing and maintaining such communications until the arrival of the first search and rescue aircraft.
D5.6.3 When it is necessary for an aircraft to convey information to survivors or surface rescue units, and two-way communication is not available, it shall, if practicable, drop communication equipment that would enable direct contact to be established, or convey the information by dropping a hard copy message.
D5.6.4 When a ground signal has been displayed, the aircraft shall indicate whether the signal has been understood or not by the means described in D5.6.3 or, if this is not practicable, by making the appropriate visual signal.
D5.6.5 When it is necessary for an aircraft to direct a surface craft to the place where an aircraft or surface craft is in distress, the aircraft shall do so by transmitting precise instructions by any means at its disposal. If no radio communication can be established, the aircraft shall make the appropriate visual signal.
D5.7 PROCEDURES FOR A PILOT-IN-COMMAND INTERCEPTING A DISTRESS TRANSMISSION:
D5.7.1 Whenever a distress transmission is intercepted by a pilot-in-command of an aircraft, the pilot shall, if feasible:
a) acknowledge the distress transmission; b) record the position of the craft in distress if given; c) take a bearing on the transmission; d) inform the appropriate rescue coordination centre or air traffic services unit of the distress transmission, giving all available information; and e) at the pilot’s discretion, while awaiting instructions, proceed to the position given in the transmission.
D5.8 SEARCH AND RESCUE SIGNALS:
D5.8.1 The air-to-surface and surface-to-air visual signals described in Para D5.8.3, D5.8.4 & D5.8.5 below shall, when used, have the meaning indicated therein. They shall be used only for the purpose indicated and no other signals likely to be confused with them shall be used.
D5.8.2 Upon observing any of the signals in the Para D5.8.3, D5.8.4 & D5.8.5, aircraft shall take such action as may be required by the interpretation of the signal given therein.
D5.8.3 SIGNALS WITH SURFACE CRAFT:
D5.8.3.1 The following manoeuvres performed in sequence by an aircraft mean that the aircraft wishes to direct a surface craft towards an aircraft or a surface craft in distress: a) circling the surface craft at least once; b) crossing the projected course of the surface craft close ahead at low altitude and: i.) rocking the wings; or ii.) opening and closing the throttle; or iii.) changing the propeller pitch.
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Note: - Due to high noise level on board surface craft, the sound signals in 2) and 3) may be less effective than the visual signal in 1) and are regarded as alternative means of attracting attention.
c) heading in the direction in which the surface craft is to be directed.
Repetition of such manoeuvres has the same meaning.
D5.8.3.2 The following manoeuvres by an aircraft means that the assistance of the surface craft to which the signal is directed is no longer required: a) crossing the wake of the surface craft close astern at a low altitude and: i.) rocking the wings; or ii.) opening and closing the throttle; or iii.) changing the propeller pitch. Note:- The following replies may be made by surface craft to the signal in Para D5.8.3.1: b) for acknowledging receipt of signals: i.) the hoisting of the “code pennant” (vertical red and white stripes) close up (meaning understood); ii.) the flashing of a succession of “T’s” by signal lamp in the Morse code; iii.) the changing of heading to follow the aircraft. c) for indicating inability to comply: i.) the hoisting of the international flag “N” (a blue and white checkered square); ii.) the flashing of a succession of “N’s” in the Morse code. Note:- See Note following D5.8.3.1 b), 3).
D5.8.4 GROUND-AIR VISUAL SIGNAL CODE:
D5.8.4.1 Ground-air visual signal code for use by survivors. Following surface-to-air visual signals by displaying the appropriate signal on the deck or on the ground.
N o . M e s s a g e C o d e s y m b o l 1 Require assistance V 2 Require medical assistance X 3 No or Negative N 4 Yes or Affirmative Y
5 Proceeding in this direction
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D5.8.4.2 Ground-air visual signal code for use by rescue units
C o d e N o . M e s s a g e s y m b o l
1 Operation completed LLL
2 We have found all personnel LL
3 We have found only some personnel
We are not able to continue. Returning 4 to base xx
Have divided into two groups. Each 5 proceeding in direction indicated
Information received that aircraft is in this 6 direction
7 Nothing found. Will continue to search N N
D5.8.4.3 Symbols shall be at least 2.5 metres (8 feet) long and shall be made as conspicuous as possible. Note 1:- Symbols may be formed by any means such as: strips of fabric, parachute material, pieces of wood, stones or such like material; marking the surface by tramping, or staining with oil.
Note 2:- Attention to the above signals may be attracted by other means such as radio, flares, smoke and reflected light.
D5.8.5 AIR-TO-GROUND SIGNALS:
D5.8.5.1 The following signals by aircraft mean that the ground signals have been understood:
a) during the hours of daylight: by rocking the aircraft’s wings;
b) during the hours of darkness: flashing on and off twice the aircraft’s landing lights or, if not so equipped, by switching on and off twice its navigation lights.
D5.8.5.2 Lack of the above signal indicates that the ground signal is not understood.
D5.8.6 The pictorial view of air to ground signals along with their meanings is shown in figure-1.
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Figure – 1 AIR TO GROUND SIGNALS
D5.8.7 The International panel signals used by survivors alongwith their meanings are shown below:
PANEL SIGNALS
Diagram
White Survivors use liferaft sails to convey signals Yellow Note:- Any square piece of cloth or canvas with Blue each side of contrasting colours can be used.
On Land: Walking in this direction At Sea: Drifting
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Diagrams
On land Need quinine or atabrine On land: Need warm clothing On land & At Sea: Plane flyable, At Sea: Need sun cover At Sea: Need exposure suit or clothing need tools
On land & At Sea: Need food and water On land & At Sea: Need gas and oil, On land & At Sea: Need medical plane is flyable attention
On land & At Sea: Need first-aid supplies On land & At Sea: Need equipment as On land: Indicate direction of nearest indicated. Signals follow civilization At Sea: Indicate direction of rescue craft
On land: Should we wait for rescue On land & At Sea: On land & At Sea: plane? O.K. to land. Arrow shows landing Do not attempt landing At Sea: Notify rescue agency of my direction position
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D5.8.8 The International visual signals generally used by survivors and their meaning are shown below:
INTERNATIONAL VISUAL SIGNALS
NEED MEDICAL OUR RECEIVER IS USE DROP MESSAGE ASSISTANCE OPERATING
AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE (NO) ALL O.K. DO NOT ATTEMPT TO (YES) DO NOT WAIT LAND HERE
LAND HERE CAN PROCEED NEED PICK US UP PLANE SHORTLY WAIT MECHANICAL ABANDONED IF PRACTICAL HELP OR PARTS
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D5.8.9 Visual international distress signals are shown below:
VISUAL INTERNATIONAL DISTRESS SIGNALS
A red parachute flare Flames Red f la re Yellow smoke
N
C
The flags “N.C” for Negative & Affirmative A square flag having above or below it a ball
S.O.S by light or sound
Slowly and repeatedly raising and lowering the arms - outstretched
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D5.9 MAINTENANCE OF RECORDS:
D5.9.1 Each rescue coordination centre should keep a record of the operational efficiency of the search and rescue organization in its region.
D5.9.2 Each rescue coordination centre should prepare appraisals of actual search and rescue operations in its region. These appraisals should comprise any pertinent remarks on the procedures used and on the emergency and survival equipment, and any suggestions for improvement of those procedures and equipment. Those appraisals which are likely to be of interest to other States should be submitted to ICAO for information and dissemination as appropriate.
Note: - Guidance regarding the Search & Rescue Services, plans and procedures is also available in Doc 9731 Vol-I, II & III. D6. SAR STANDARDS MANUAL: D6.1. The Director General may, in order to ensure uniform application of standards and recommended practices contained in this ANO, prescribe and issue complimentary procedures, specifications and requirements, through Directives or in the form of Standards Manual as deemed appropriate D6.2. SAR Authorities/Providers/Units and aerodrome operators where applicable, shall ensure compliance with such procedures and directives.
D6.3. Aircraft operators should ensure that the flight crew are familiar with the SAR procedures being employed by the SAR Services.
E. EVIDENCES (ACRONYMS / RECORDS / REFERENCES)
E1. ACRONYMS
ACC AREA CONTROL CENTRE AFTN AERONAUTICAL FIXED TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORK AIP AERONAUTICAL INFORMATION PUBLICATION AIS AERONAUTICAL INFORMATION SERVICES AMVER ATLANTIC MERCHANT VESSEL EMERGENCY REPORTING ANC AIR NAVIGATION COMMISSION ARCC AERONAUTICAL RESCUE CO-ORDINATION CENTRE ARSC AERONAUTICAL RESCUE SUB-CENTRE ATC AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL ATN AERONAUTICAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORK ATS AIR TRAFFIC SERVICES CES COAST EARTH STATION COSPAS SPACE SYSTEM FOR SEARCH OF VESSELS IN DISTRESS CRS COAST RADIO STATION DF DIRECTION FINDING DME DISTANCE MEASURING EQUIPMENT ELT EMERGENCY LOCATOR TRANSMITTER
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FIC FLIGHT INFORMATION CENTRE FIR FLIGHT INFORMATION REGION GLONASS GLOBAL ORBITING NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEM GMDSS GLOBAL MARITIME DISTRESS AND SAFETY SYSTEM GNSS GLOBAL NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEMS GPS GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM HF HIGH FREQUENCY ICAO INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION IFR INSTRUMENT FLIGHT RULES IMC INSTRUMENT METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS MCC MISSION CONTROL CENTRE MRCC MARITIME RESCUE COORDINATION CENTRE MRO MASS RESCUE OPERATION MSA MARITIME SECURITY AGENCY NM NAUTICAL MILE NOTAM NOTICE TO AIRMEN OSC ON-SCENE COORDINATOR PAF PAKISTAN AIR FORCE RANP REGIONAL AIR NAVIGATION PLAN RCC RESCUE CO-ORDINATION CENTRE RSC RESCUE SUB-CENTRE RTC RADIO TRANSMITTED CALL SIGN RTF RADIO TELEPHONY CALL SIGN SAR SEARCH AND RESCUE SARSAT SEARCH AND RESCUE SATELLITE-AIDED TRACKING SELCAL SELECTIVE CALLING SYSTEM SMC SEARCH AND RESCUE MISSION COORDINATOR SPOC SAR POINT OF CONTACT SRR SEARCH AND RESCUE REGION SRS SEARCH AND RESCUE SUB-REGION SRU SEARCH AND RESCUE UNIT UTC CO-ORDINATED UNIVERSAL TIME VHF VERY-HIGH FREQUENCY VMC VISUAL METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS VOR VHF OMNIDIRECTIONAL RADIO RANGE
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E2. RECORDS
E2.1 NIL
E3. REFERENCES
E3.1 Civil Aviation Rules 1994
E3.2 Annex-2 to the ICAO convention
E3.3 Doc 9731 (Volume I, II & III)
E3.4 Doc 7030
E3.5 Doc 7333
IMPLEMENTATION
th This ANO shall be implemented with effect from 15 October, 2009 .
Dated: - October 2009 (M. JUNAID AMEEN) Air Commodore (Retd.) Director General Pakistan Civil Aviation Authority
(SYED YOUSUF ABBAS) Director Air Navigation & Aerodrome Regulations
Dated: October, 2009 File No. HQCAA/6426/1/2/ANX-12/ANS
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CIVIL AVIATION AUTHORITY CAAF-001-DRAN-1.0 INITIAL SAR REPORT FORM
AIR NAVIGATION STANDARDS (ANS)
DATE : TIME(UTC):
1. Emergency phase : INCERFA / ALERFA / DETRESFA
2. Agency or person calling : ______Occupation : ______Address : ______Phone No.______Name & addresses of other witnesses :______
3. Nature and location of emergency : ______Observation time & location : ______
4. Significant information from the flight plan : Departure point : ______Time : ______Expected route : ______Cruising Speed: ______Intended destination : ______ETA: ______Fuel endurance : ______Alternate or possible alternates : ______
5. Communications :Call sign: RTF :______RTC : ______SELCAL : ______Last communication received at ______(time) by ______(Station) On ______(Frequency)
6. Last position report ______(place, time) How determined ______
7. Aircraft type: ______Registration ______Colour and distinctive markings: ______Owner or operating agency: ______Emergency equipment carried ______
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8. Local action(s) taken: ______
9. If survival stores are to be dropped, type and quantity likely to be required: ______
10. Persons involved in incident: Name of Pilot: ______Crew: ______Passengers: ______No of uninjured ______injured ______casualties ______
11. Weather conditions in distress area, including see conditions, if applicable, as reported by informant______
12. Action taken by person receiving report ______
OTHER REMARKS:
Signature: Name : Designation :
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CIVIL AVIATION AUTHORITY CAAF-002-DRAN-1.0 SAR BRIEFING AND DEBRIEFING FORM
AIR NAVIGATION STANDARDS (ANS)
Briefing
SAR: Date: Search Craft Number: Unit Captain: Details as to nature of distress or emergency:
Description of search object Type of aircraft or vessel:
Number or name of craft:
Length: Width (Wingspan): Number on board: Full description of craft, including colour and markings:
Frequencies of missing craft:
Assigned search areas Area: Type of search: Altitude/Visibility: Time on task: Commence search at (position): and track (N-S) (E-W) Frequencies: Coordinating agency: Aircraft: Surface vessels: Others: Progress reports To be passed to every hours With weather report included every hours.
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CAAF-002-DRAN-1.0
Special instructions
Debriefing SAR: Search craft: Date: Point of departure: Point of landing: Time off On task: Off task Landed:
Area actually searched:
Type of search: Altitude/Visibility: Terrain or sea state: Number of observers: Weather conditions in search area (visibility, wind velocity, ceiling etc.)
Object of search: (located) at position:
Number and condition of survivors:
Sightings and /or other reports:
Telecommunications: ( Note: quality of communications and/or any changes other than briefed )
Remarks: (to include any action taken on search, any problems, criticism, suggestions)
Signature: Name : Date : Designation:
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