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Roof Replacement(Section 3)
Rectification Project Illinge, Eastern Cape Roof replacement Item Quantity Rate Amount No BILL NO 1 ALTERATIONS SUPPLEMENTARY PREAMBLES View site Before submitting the tender the contractor shall visit the site and satisfy himself as to the nature and extent of the work to be done and the value of the materials contained in the buildings or portions of the buildings to be demolished. No claim for any variations of the contract sum in respect of the nature and extent of the work or of inferior or damaged materials will be entertained. Explosives No explosives whatsoever may be used for demolition purposes unless otherwise stated General The contractor shall carry out the whole of the works with as little mess and noise as possible and with minimum of disturbance to adjoining premises and their tenants. He/she shall provide proper protection and provide, erect and remove when directed, any temporary tarpaulins that may be necessary during the progress of the works, all to the satisfaction of the engineer. Water supply pipes and other piping that may be encountered and found necessary to disconnect or cut, shall be effectually stopped off or grubbed up and removed, and any new connections that may be necessary shall be made with proper fittings, to the satisfaction of the engineer. Doors, fanlights, fittings, frames, linings, etc which are to be re-used shall be thoroughly overhauled before refixing including taking off. easing and rehanging, cramping up, re-wedging as required and making good cramps, dowels, etc, and easing, oiling, adjusting and repairing ironmongery as necessary, replacing any glass damaged in removal or subsequently and stopping up all ail and screw holes with tinted plastic wood to match timber, unless otherwise described. -
Commercial in Confidence
MARKET ACCESS & DEVELOPMENT PROJECT NUMBER: PNA013-0708 May 2009 New Applications of Timber in Non-traditional Market Segments: High Rise Residential and Non-residential (commercial) Buildings This report can also be viewed on the FWPA website www.fwpa.com.au FWPA Level 4, 10-16 Queen Street, Melbourne VIC 3000, Australia T +61 (0)3 9614 7544 F +61 (0)3 9614 6822 E [email protected] W www.fwpa.com.au New Applications of Timber in Non-traditional market segments: High Rise Residential and non- residential (commercial) Buildings Prepared for Forest & Wood Products Australia by K. Bayne and I. Page Publication: New Applications of Timber in Non-traditional market segments: High Rise Residential and non-residential (commercial) Buildings Project No: PRA013-0708 © 2009 Forest & Wood Products Australia Limited. All rights reserved. Forest & Wood Products Australia Limited (FWPA) makes no warranties or assurances with respect to this publication including merchantability, fitness for purpose or otherwise. FWPA and all persons associated with it exclude all liability (including liability for negligence) in relation to any opinion, advice or information contained in this publication or for any consequences arising from the use of such opinion, advice or information. This work is copyright and protected under the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth). All material except the FWPA logo may be reproduced in whole or in part, provided that it is not sold or used for commercial benefit and its source (Forest & Wood Products Australia Limited) is acknowledged. Reproduction or copying for other purposes, which is strictly reserved only for the owner or licensee of copyright under the Copyright Act, is prohibited without the prior written consent of Forest & Wood Products Australia Limited. -
A Review on Building Industrialization Pradeep Kumar A*, Vinayak Dave Dept
Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical SciencesISSN: 0974-2115 A review on building industrialization Pradeep Kumar A*, Vinayak Dave Dept. of Civil Engineering, Saveetha school of Engineering, Saveetha University, Chennai *Corresponding author: E-Mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT This paper has set the building industrialization as the main line and studies the common building types (single/low-level/multi-level/high-level residential buildings) in different countries. In the following sections, comparative analysis has been done in selecting construction methods, durations and costs based on various structural systems (wood, steel, prefabricated structures). After this, the underlying causes of these differences should be revealed. The final step is going to be the exploration of the most suitable industrialization residential building types for each. The main part of the paper has been divided into two parts: One is the common building types of single/low-level industrialized housing systems; the other is the common types of multi-story/high-level housing systems. For lower level buildings, the wood and light steel structures are easier to implement the design goal of ‘design diversity, modern manufacturing factory and green’. Meanwhile, the construction period is far more shorter than traditional brick and situ concrete engineering. The wooden houses in different countries (North America Finland, Japan and China) has distinct geographical and cultural characteristics and the cold-formed light steel keel systems have been greatly developed in Europe, North America, Australia and Japan. In these countries, different structural systems result in the change of construction methods. In accordance with the multi and high level buildings, the precast concrete and prefabricated steel structures has been most widely developed and used in Europe, America and Japan. -
Damage Assessment of Various Structures by Hurricane Andrew Using Aerial Photographs Sondwip Dhar Florida International University
Florida International University FIU Digital Commons FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations University Graduate School 3-21-2002 Damage assessment of various structures by hurricane Andrew using aerial photographs Sondwip Dhar Florida International University DOI: 10.25148/etd.FI14062262 Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd Part of the Civil and Environmental Engineering Commons Recommended Citation Dhar, Sondwip, "Damage assessment of various structures by hurricane Andrew using aerial photographs" (2002). FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 2792. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2792 This work is brought to you for free and open access by the University Graduate School at FIU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of FIU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY Miami, Florida DAMAGE ASSESSMENT OF VARIOUS STRUCTURES BY HURRICANE ANDREW USING AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE in ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING by Sondwip Dhar 2002 To: Dean Vish Prasad College of Engineering This thesis, written by Sondwip Dhar, and entitled Damage Assessment of Various Structures by Hurricane Andrew Using Aerial Photographs, having been approved in respect to style and intellectual content, is referred to you for judgment. We have read this thesis and recommend that it be approved. Hector R. Fuentes Irtishad U. Ahmad Walter Z. Tang, Major Professor Date of Defense: May 21, 2002 The thesis of Sondwip Dhar is approved. Dean Vish Prasad College of Engineering Dean Douglas Wartzok University Graduate School Florida International University, 2002 ii DEDICATION I dedicate this thesis to my wonderful parents. -
Universiti Putra Malaysia Structural Rubberwood
UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA STRUCTURAL RUBBERWOOD LVL : AN ENGINEERED WOOD PRODUCT FOR PREFABRICATED TIMBER ROOF TRUSS CHEE YUH SHENG FH 2003 20 STRUCTURAL RUBBERWOOD LVL : AN ENGINEERED WOOD PRODUCT FOR PREFABRICATED TIMBER ROOF TRUSS CHEE YUH SHENG GRADUATE SCHOOL UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA 2003 STRUCTURAL RUBBERWOOD LVL : AN ENGINEERED WOOD PRODUCT FOR PREFABRICATED TIMBER ROOF TRUSS BY CHEE YUH SHENG A paper submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master Science in Wood Industry and Technology Graduate School, Universiti Putra Malaysia May 2003 Abstract of professional paper submitted to the Senate ofUniversiti Putra Malaysia in fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Science STRUCTURAL RUBBERWOOD LVL - ANENGINEERED WOOD PRODUCT FOR PREFABRICATED TIMBER ROOF TRUSS By Chee Yuh Sheng Supervisor : Prof. Madya Dr. Paridah Md. Tahir Timber roof truss system is one of the major structural application of timber in the housing industry in the country. Since its introduction into the local roof market in 1975, prefabricated timber roof truss system have earned a good reputation as they are designed using advanced structural engineering principles. The timber species such as Balau, Kekatong, Keranji, Resak, Merbatu and Kempas, are commonly preferred or specified to be used for roof truss fabrication. These species are belonged to the strength groups of SG 1 to 8G4, in accordance to timber strength grouping in MS 544 : Part 2 : 2001. However in recent years, the supply of these excellent strength wood species has been declining due to gradual depletion of natural forest and the reduction of logs production. On the other hand, the demand for timber in the prefabricated timber roof truss industry is continue to grow. -
Guide to Safer Roof Framing
Guide to Safer Roof Framing March 2012 Guide to Safer Roof Framing Department of Planning, Transport and Infrastructure 136 North Terrace, Adelaide GPO Box 1815 South Australia 5001 www.dpti.sa.gov.au www.sa.gov.au ISBN 9780759001107 FIS 23367 March 2012 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia Licence. A summary of the license terms is available from http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/au/deed.en CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 5 2. DESIGN OF ROOF FRAMING ................................................................................................ 7 2.1 Structural design software .....................................................................................................7 2.2 Combining roof trusses and conventional roof framing .........................................................7 3. COMMUNICATION.................................................................................................................. 7 3.1 Truss layout plans..................................................................................................................7 3.2 Separate roof and wall framing plans ....................................................................................8 3.3 Documentation to be signed ..................................................................................................8 3.4 Details to be shown on layout plans ......................................................................................8 -
An Investigation Into the Environmental Sustainability of Buildings in South Africa with a Focus on Timber Building Systems
An investigation into the environmental sustainability of buildings in South Africa with a focus on timber building systems by Philippus Lodewicus Crafford Dissertation presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Forestry (Wood Product Science) in the Faculty of AgriSciences, at Stellenbosch University Supervisor: Dr CB Wessels Co-supervisor: Dr MBlumentritt April 2019 Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za DECLARATION By submitting this dissertation electronically, I declare that the entirety of the work contained therein is my own, original work, that I am the sole author thereof (save to the extent explicitly otherwise stated), that reproduction and publication thereof by Stellenbosch University will not infringe any third party rights and that I have not previously in its entirety or in part submitted it for obtaining any qualification. This dissertation includes two original papers published in peer-reviewed journals, and two unpublished papers currently in preparation for submission to an accredited scientific journal. The development and writing of the papers (published and unpublished) were the principal responsibility of myself and, for each of the cases where this is not the case, a declaration is included in the dissertation indicating the nature and extent of the contributions of co-authors. Date: April 2019 Copyright © 2019 Stellenbosch University All rights reserved 1 Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za Abstract Buildings are responsible for about 33% of global anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions, high- energy consumption and other environmental resource uses. Numerous studies over the past 20 years showed that wood-based constructions have lower environmental impacts in terms of energy use, global warming potential, air pollution, water pollution and solid waste production than steel and cement-based systems. -
TIMMS HOLDING LIMITED TIMMS CONSTRUCTION COMPANY Pvt
Timber Framers Guild TIMMS HOLDING LIMITED TIMMS CONSTRUCTION COMPANY Pvt. Ltd. TIMMS,7th floor, The Unit 1104, Crawford 83, Ducie Street, Capital, Plot C-70, G Block, House, 20 Queens Central Business District, Bandra Kurla Complex, Road, Central, Manchester City, United Mumbai 400051, India Hong Kong Kingdom Tel: +91 22 67128975; 852 2861 8775; +1 3214009287 [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] Introduction Timms Construction Company specializes in technologically advanced methods of Timber Frame construction suitable to the modern age by working with the largest companies overseas such as , BK Structures UK, Canadian Timber Frames Canada, Amwell Corp of USA ,Suteki of Japan, Weihag of Germany & Boise Cascade from the United States who are some of the foremost their field. Timber structures are used the world over because it has a better strength to weight ratio as compared to steel & concrete and can also outlive them both due to its quality & durability. Along with high durability, timber framed structures when designed well can create stunning features externally as well as provide beauty, warmth & functionality in the interior of the structure thus giving it an unmatched aesthetic appeal. Timber frame construction is undeniably the fastest form of construction. It’s typically 40-50% faster than steel & 90-100% faster than concrete. Due to the nature of construction & advanced technologies applied execution of activities take place simultaneously on site. This technology greatly improves precision that accelerates the build-time on sites. Unlike some building materials, wood construction can proceed in any season and almost any climate. Wood is lightweight & can be fabricated within minutes on site so when its time to renovate, it's hard to beat wood: whether you want to move a wall or extend a room, it's much easier, faster & more stable with wood. -
Timber Malaysia Q2 2018
Issue: Quarter 2 2018 Inside New Minister, Deputy Minister of Primary Industries Dato’ Low Kian Chuan is new MTC Chairman Tapping further into Dutch Market Spotlight Showcasing the manufacturing capabilities of Malaysia’s Bumiputera timber companies Editorial MTC’S FAIR PARTICIPATION AND EVENT CALENDAR FOR JULY - SEPTEMBER 2018 Dear Readers, Newly minted Minister of Primary Industries, The Honourable Puan Teresa Kok, has hit the ground running. Since her appointment on 2 July 2018, she has expeditiously spelled out the focus areas towards Exhibitions ensuring the continued export contribution of the primary industries sector towards Malaysia’s coffers. MTC congratulates Puan Teresa Korea International Furniture and Kok as well as her deputy, The Honourable Tuan Shamsul Iskandar NEWS SPOTLIGHT bin Mohd. Akin, on their new appointments and looks forward to Interior Fair/Korea International their stewardship in steering the Malaysian timber industry to greater Woodworking Industrial Fair heights. MTC also congratulates Datuk Zurinah binti Pawanteh on 29 August-2 September her appointment as Secretary-General of the Ministry of Primary Seoul, South Korea Industries (MPI) effective 2 July 2018, and Mr. Ravi Muthayah as Deputy Secretary-General (Commodities) of MPI from 4 July 2018. Our article Furniture China featuring the first meeting between Puan Teresa Kok and Tuan Shamsul Iskandar with senior officers of MPI is on page 4. 11-14 September Shanghai, China MTC also welcomes the appointment of Dato’ Low Kian Chuan as the new Chairman of MTC effective 27 July 2018. With a distinguished GaLaBau career in the timber industry spanning more than 30 years, Dato’ 12-15 September Low brings with him a wealth of knowledge and experience to further Nuremberg, Germany develop and promote the interest of the Malaysian timber industry. -
Design Guide for Timber Roof Trusses
TFEC 4-2020 Design Guide for Timber Roof Trusses August 2020 This document is intended to be used by engineers to provide guidance in designing and evaluating timber roof truss structures. Do not attempt to design a timber roof truss structure without adult supervision from a qualified professional (preferably an experienced timber engineer). The Timber Frame Engineering Council (TFEC) and the Timber Framers Guild (TFG) assume no liability for the use or misuse of this document. TFEC-4 Committee: Jim DeStefano, P.E., AIA, F.SEI chairman Ben Brungraber, Ph.D., P.E. David Connolly, P.E. Jeff Hershberger, E.I. Jaret Lynch, P.E. Leonard Morse-Fortier, Ph.D., P.E. Robin Zirnhelt, P.Eng Illustrations by Ken Flemming and Josh Coleman Copyright © 2020 Timber Frame Engineering Council TFEC 4-2020 Page 2 Table of Contents Background 5 Truss Analysis 7 Ideal Trusses 7 Classical Methods 8 Graphical Methods 10 Squire Whipple 11 Computer Modeling 12 Truss Deflection and Camber 16 Development of Truss Forms 17 King Post Trusses 21 Queen Post Trusses 23 Howe Trusses 25 Pratt Trusses 26 Fink Trusses 27 Scissor Trusses 28 Hammer-Beam Trusses 31 Parallel Chord Trusses 34 Truss Joinery and Connections 36 Howe Truss Example 37 Scissor Truss Example 40 Scissor Truss with Clasping King 42 Block Shear 43 Friction and Joinery 45 Free Body Diagram 49 Steel Side Plates 50 Hardwood Pegs 53 Nuts and Bolts 55 Ogee Washers 57 TFEC 4-2020 Page 3 Split Rings and Shear Plates 58 Tension Joinery 59 Special Considerations 60 Truss Bracing 60 Raised and Dropped Bottom Chords 61 Curved Members 63 Grain Matched Glulams 68 Seasoning Shrinkage Considerations 69 Epilogue – Topped Out 71 TFEC 4-2020 Page 4 Background Man has been building with timber trusses for over 2,000 years. -
Ceiling Diaphragm Action and Lateral Load Transfer in Nail Plated Timber Roof Truss Systems 37 Recommended Practice // December 2019
TECHNICAL DATA SHEET ISSUED BY TIMBER QUEENSLAND CEILING DIAPHRAGM ACTION AND LATERAL LOAD TRANSFER IN NAIL PLATED TIMBER ROOF TRUSS SYSTEMS 37 RECOMMENDED PRACTICE // DECEMBER 2019 Horizontal wind actions on buildings creates lateral loads on the structure. These loads are transferred to the foundation or sub-level diaphragms through a systematic interaction between the roof truss system and bracing elements placed vertically in wall frames. Sheet ceiling lining, such as plasterboard, that is rigidly attached to the bottom chords of roof truss systems is typically used as a diaphragm to transfer these racking loads to bracing walls in residential structures of Class 1 and 10. AS 1684 Parts 2 and 3 provide ‘deemed to comply’ solutions in this regard. These solutions may also be applicable for some similar ‘light’ timber framed commercial buildings of Class 2 to 9. CEILING DIAPHRAGM ACTION WHERE FUNCTIONAL CEILING DIAPHRAGMS ARE Lateral load transfer can be successfully achieved where a functional NOT INSTALLED and adequate ceiling diaphragm is provided. In the case of clip on furring channels or suspended grid ceilings, or A functional ceiling diaphragm is conventionally created by where no ceilings are present, the diaphragm action is not available providing screw/nail fixed lining directly to bottom chords of roof from the ceiling linings. trusses. In cases where ceiling battens are being used; the battens While structural ties to bottom chords of trusses with strap bracing are screw/nail fixed to bottom chords of trusses and the ceiling is to bottom chords may be used to laterally restrain the bottom subsequently screw/nail installed to ceiling battens. -
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20/10/2011 Roof Truss Guide - Design and constru… Home "" """"> ar .cn .de .en .es .fr .id .it .ph .po .ru .sw Roof Truss Guide - Design and construction of standard timber and steel trusses (BASIN - SKAT, 1999, 187 p.) (introduction...) 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Objectives of this guide 1.2 Contents of this guide 1.3 Validity of data 2 PRINCIPLES OF ROOF TRUSS DESIGN 2.1 What is a roof truss? 2.2 When to use a roof truss 2.3 Roof shapes suitable for the truss 2.4 Loads on trusses 2.5 Load combinations 2.6 Truss spacing 2.7 Structural analysis 2.8 Roof truss selection step-by-step 2.9 Stability of the Truss 3 OPTIONS FOR STATIC SYSTEMS 3.1 Overview 3.2 Simple supported Truss 3.3 Three-hinged Truss 3.4 Double-hinged Truss 4 TIMBER TRUSSES D:/cd3wddvd/NoExe/…/meister10.htm 1/314 20/10/2011 Roof Truss Guide - Design and constru… 4.1 Design Considerations 4.2 Timber Quality 4.3 Fixings and Fastenings 4.3.1 System Options 4.3.2 Nails 4.3.3 Bolts / Pins 4.3.4 Nail Plates 4.3.5 Plywood gusset plates 4.4 Timber Seasoning and Preservative Treatment 4.5 Nail Truss 4.5.1 General 4.5.2 Design 4.5.3 Details 4.5.4 Bracing / Lateral restraining system 4.5.5 Manufacturing 4.5.6 Erecting 4.6 Nail Truss Samples 4.6.1 Assumptions and Limits of Application 4.6.2 Flat roof nail truss, 6 m span 4.6.3 Flat roof nail truss, 8 m span 4.6.4 Flat roof nail truss, 10 m span 4.6.5 Single pitch roof nail truss, 6 m span 4.6.6 Single pitch roof, 8 m span 4.6.7 Single pitch roof nail truss, 10 m span D:/cd3wddvd/NoExe/…/meister10.htm 2/314 20/10/2011 Roof Truss Guide - Design