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Annex 4: Mechanisms in Europe
ANNEX 4: MECHANISMS IN EUROPE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL TRIBUNAL FOR THE FORMER YUGOSLAVIA Conflict Background and Political Context The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) emerged from World War II as a communist country under the rule of President Josip Broz Tito. The new state brought Serbs, Croats, Bosnian Muslims, Albanians, Macedonians, Montenegrins, and Slovenes into a federation of six separate republics (Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia, Montenegro, and Serbia) and two autonomous provinces of Serbia (Kosovo and Vojvodina). Ten years after Tito’s death in 1980, the country was in economic crisis and the mechanisms he had designed to both repress and balance ethnic demands in the SFRY were under severe strain. Slobodan Milošević had harnessed the power of nationalism to consolidate his power as president of Serbia. The League of Communists of Yugoslavia dissolved in January 1990, and the first multiparty elections were held in all Yugoslav republics, carrying nationalist parties to power in Bosnia, Croatia, Slovenia, and Macedonia.1763 Meanwhile, Milošević and his political allies asserted control in Kosovo, Vojvodina, and Montenegro, giving Serbia’s president de facto control over four of the eight votes in the federal state’s collective presidency. This and the consolidation of Serbian control over the Yugoslav People’s Army (YPA) heightened fears and played into ascendant nationalist feelings in other parts of the country. Declarations of independence by Croatia and Slovenia on June 25, 1991, brought matters to a head. Largely homogenous Slovenia succeeded in defending itself through a 10-day conflict that year against the Serb-dominated federal army, but Milošević was more determined to contest the independence of republics with sizeable ethnic Serb populations. -
OSJI-Options for Justice-FR-11-14-2018.Indd
ANNEXE 4 : MÉCANISMES EN EUROPE TRIBUNAL PÉNAL INTERNATIONAL POUR L’EX-YOUGOSLAVIE Historique du conflit et contexte politique La République fédérative socialiste de Yougoslavie (RFSY) était au sortir de la Seconde Guerre mondiale un pays communiste dirigé par le président Josip Broz Tito. Le nouvel État réunissait les Serbes, les Croates, les musulmans bosniaques, les Albanais, les Macédoniens, les Monténégrins et les Slovènes dans une fédération de six républiques distinctes (Slovénie, Croatie, Bosnie-Herzégovine, Macédoine, Monténégro et Serbie) et deux provinces autonomes de Serbie (Kosovo et Vojvodine). Dix ans après la mort de Tito en 1980, le pays connut une crise économique, tandis que les mécanismes conçus par Tito pour à la fois réprimer et équilibrer les exigences des différentes ethnies en RFSY furent mis à rude épreuve. Slobodan Milošević avait profité de la force du nationalisme pour consolider son pouvoir à la présidence de la Serbie. La Ligue des communistes de Yougoslavie fut dissoute en janvier 1990, et les premières élections multipartites furent organisées dans toutes les républiques yougoslaves, amenant des partis nationalistes au pouvoir en Bosnie, en Croatie, en Slovénie et en Macédoine.1763 Entre-temps, Milošević et ses alliés politiques revendiquèrent le contrôle du Kosovo, de la Vojvodine et du Monténégro, donnant au président serbe un contrôle de facto sur quatre des huit droits de vote au sein de la présidence collective de l’État fédéral. Cet événement et la consolidation du pouvoir serbe sur l’Armée populaire yougoslave (APY) amplifièrent les craintes et contribuèrent à la montée du nationalisme dans d’autres régions du pays. Les déclarations d’indépendance de la Croatie et de la Slovénie le 25 juin 1991 précipitèrent les choses. -
Full Issue 2.1
Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal Volume 2 Issue 1 Article 1 April 2007 Full Issue 2.1 Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/gsp Recommended Citation (2007) "Full Issue 2.1," Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal: Vol. 2: Iss. 1: Article 1. Available at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/gsp/vol2/iss1/1 This Front Matter is brought to you for free and open access by the Open Access Journals at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal by an authorized editor of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Editor’s Introduction We are very excited to be entering the second volume year of Genocide Studies and Prevention. Our first three issues were diverse and contained some of the most important new research in the field. As we enter our second year, and publish our first issue of volume 2, we hope to continue that tradition. Broadly speaking, GSP 2:1 focuses on the prevention of genocide. The lead article, by Thomas Weiss, Presidential Professor of Political Science and Director of the Ralph Bunche Institute for International Studies at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, examines genocide prevention in the real world of politics. Weiss points out that, ‘‘except for the label, the responses of the international community of states to Rwanda and Sudan were comparable.’’ He notes that ‘‘perhaps, as Scott Straus has argued in these pages, we have invested too much time and energy in parsing the ‘G-word.’’’ In this sense Weiss is a perfect supplement to David Scheffer’s arguments, originally published in GSP 1:3, concerning the need for a new category of crime. -
Serbia: Current Issues and Future Direction
SERBIA: CURRENT ISSUES AND FUTURE DIRECTION HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON EUROPE AND EMERGING THREATS OF THE COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED NINTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION SEPTEMBER 20, 2006 Serial No. 109–224 Printed for the use of the Committee on International Relations ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.house.gov/international—relations U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 29–974PDF WASHINGTON : 2006 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2250 Mail: Stop SSOP, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate Mar 21 2002 08:24 Nov 28, 2006 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 F:\WORK\EET\092006\29974.000 DOUG PsN: DOUG COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS HENRY J. HYDE, Illinois, Chairman JAMES A. LEACH, Iowa TOM LANTOS, California CHRISTOPHER H. SMITH, New Jersey, HOWARD L. BERMAN, California Vice Chairman GARY L. ACKERMAN, New York DAN BURTON, Indiana ENI F.H. FALEOMAVAEGA, American ELTON GALLEGLY, California Samoa ILEANA ROS-LEHTINEN, Florida DONALD M. PAYNE, New Jersey DANA ROHRABACHER, California SHERROD BROWN, Ohio EDWARD R. ROYCE, California BRAD SHERMAN, California PETER T. KING, New York ROBERT WEXLER, Florida STEVE CHABOT, Ohio ELIOT L. ENGEL, New York THOMAS G. TANCREDO, Colorado WILLIAM D. DELAHUNT, Massachusetts RON PAUL, Texas GREGORY W. MEEKS, New York DARRELL ISSA, California BARBARA LEE, California JEFF FLAKE, Arizona JOSEPH CROWLEY, New York JO ANN DAVIS, Virginia EARL BLUMENAUER, Oregon MARK GREEN, Wisconsin SHELLEY BERKLEY, Nevada JERRY WELLER, Illinois GRACE F. -
Kosovo: Unmik's Legacy
KOSOVO: UNMIK’S LEGACY THE FAILURE TO DELIVER JUSTICE AND REPARATION TO THE RELATIVES OF THE ABDUCTED Amnesty International Publications First published in 2013 by Amnesty International Publications International Secretariat Peter Benenson House 1 Easton Street London WC1X 0DW United Kingdom www.amnesty.org © Amnesty International Publications 2013 Index: EUR 70/009/2013 Original Language: English Printed by Amnesty International, International Secretariat, United Kingdom All rights reserved. This publication is copyright, but may be reproduced by any method without fee for advocacy, campaigning and teaching purposes, but not for resale. The copyright holders request that all such use be registered with them for impact assessment purposes. For copying in any other circumstances, or for reuse in other publications, or for translation or adaptation, prior written permission must be obtained from the publishers, and a fee may be payable. To request permission, or for any other inquiries, please contact [email protected] Cover photo: [Credit] Amnesty International is a global movement of more than 3 million supporters, members and activists in more than 150 countries and territories who campaign to end grave abuses of human rights. Our vision is for every person to enjoy all the rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international human rights standards. We are independent of any government, political ideology, economic interest or religion and are funded mainly by our membership and public donations. -
Administration of Barack H. Obama, 2009 Nominations Submitted to The
Administration of Barack H. Obama, 2009 Nominations Submitted to the Senate December 25, 2009 The following list does not include promotions of members of the Uniformed Services, nominations to the Service Academies, or nominations of Foreign Service Officers. Submitted January 20 Steven Chu, of California, to be Secretary of Energy. Hillary Rodham Clinton, of New York, to be Secretary of State. Thomas Andrew Daschle, of South Dakota, to be Secretary of Health and Human Services. Shaun L.S. Donovan, of New York, to be Secretary of Housing and Urban Development. Arne Duncan, of Illinois, to be Secretary of Education. Timothy F. Geithner, of New York, to be Secretary of the Treasury. Eric H. Holder, Jr., of the District of Columbia, to be Attorney General. Lisa Perez Jackson, of New Jersey, to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency. Ronald Kirk, of Texas, to be U.S. Trade Representative, with the rank of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary. Ray LaHood, of Illinois, to be Secretary of Transportation. Janet Ann Napolitano, of Arizona, to be Secretary of Homeland Security. Peter R. Orszag, of Massachusetts, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget. Susan E. Rice, of the District of Columbia, to be Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations, with the rank and status of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, and the Representative of the United States of America in the Security Council of the United Nations. 1 Susan E. Rice, of the District of Columbia, to be Representative of the United States of America to the Sessions of the General Assembly of the United Nations during her tenure of service as Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations. -
Kosovo: Current Issues and U.S
Kosovo: Current Issues and U.S. Policy Steven Woehrel Specialist in European Affairs February 9, 2012 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RS21721 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Kosovo: Current Issues and U.S. Policy Summary On February 17, 2008, Kosovo declared its independence from Serbia. On February 18, the United States recognized Kosovo as an independent state. Of the 27 EU countries, 22 have recognized Kosovo, including key countries such as France, Germany, Britain, and Italy. Eighty- eight countries in all have recognized Kosovo. When it declared independence, Kosovo pledged to implement the Comprehensive Proposal for the Kosovo Status Settlement, drafted by U.N. envoy Martti Ahtisaari. The document contains provisions aimed at safeguarding the rights of ethnic Serbs and other minorities. An International Civilian Representative and EULEX, an European Union-led law-and-order mission, are tasked with guaranteeing Kosovo’s implementation of the plan. KFOR, a NATO-led peacekeeping force, has the mission of providing a secure environment. Serbia strongly objects to Kosovo’s declaration of independence. It has used diplomatic means to try to persuade countries to not recognize Kosovo. It has set up parallel governing institutions in Serb-majority areas in Kosovo. However, after a July 2010 International Court of Justice ruling that Kosovo’s declaration of independence was not illegal, the EU pressured Serbia into agreeing to hold direct talks with Kosovo over technical issues. The talks, which got underway in March 2011, have produced agreements on freedom of movement, trade, land registry records, and other issues. -
Criteria for Prioritizing and Selecting Core International Crimes Cases Morten Bergsmo (Editor)
FICHL Publication Series Criteria for Prioritizing and Selecting Core International Crimes Cases Morten Bergsmo (editor) Criteria for Prioritizing and Selecting Core International Crimes Cases Criteria for Prioritizing and Selecting Core International Crimes Cases Morten Bergsmo (editor) 2009 Forum for International Criminal and Humanitarian Law (FICHL) International Peace Research Institute, Oslo (PRIO) FICHL Publication Series No. 4 (2009) – page 1 Criteria for Prioritizing and Selecting Core International Crimes Cases FICHL PUBLICATION SERIES Series Co-Editors Morten Bergsmo, PRIO Nobuo Hayashi, PRIO Editorial Board Dr. Gro Nystuen, University of Oslo/Norwegian Defence Command and Staff College Ms. Torunn Salomonsen, Ministry of Justice, Norway Dr. Jo Stigen, Department of Public and International Law, University of Oslo Advisory Board Prof. Kai Ambos, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen/State Court Göttingen Prof. Emeritus M. Cherif Bassiouni, DePaul University Mr. Gilbert Bitti, International Criminal Court Judge Advocate General Arne Willy Dahl, Norway Prof. Jon Elster, Columbia University/Collège de France Judge Hanne Sophie Greve, Gulating Court of Appeal Mr. Christopher Keith Hall, Amnesty International Prof. Emeritus Frits Kalshoven, Leiden University Judge Erkki Kourula, International Criminal Court Judge Erik Møse, International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda Ms. Jelena Pejić, International Committee of the Red Cross Maj-Gen (ret’d) Anthony P.V. Rogers, Cambridge University Prof. James Silk, Yale Law School This paper may be downloaded from http://www.prio.no/ficjc. © International Peace Research Institute, Oslo (PRIO), 2009 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without permission in writ- ing from the copyright holder. -
Kosovo: Time for Eulex to Prioritize War Crimes
campaign for inTernaTionaL JUsTice Kosovo: Time for eULeX To prioriTize war crimes amnesty international is a global movement of more than 3 million supporters, members and activists in more than 150 countries and territories who campaign to end grave abuses of human rights. our vision is for every person to enjoy all the rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human rights and other international human rights standards. we are independent of any government, political ideology, economic interest or religion and are funded mainly by our membership and public donations. first published in 2012 by amnesty international Ltd peter Benenson House 1 easton street London wc1X 0Dw United Kingdom © amnesty international 2012 index: eUr 70/004/2012 english original language: english printed by amnesty international, international secretariat, United Kingdom all rights reserved. This publication is copyright, but may be reproduced by any method without fee for advocacy, campaigning and teaching purposes, but not for resale. The copyright holders request that all such use be registered with them for impact assessment purposes. for copying in any other circumstances, or for reuse in other publications, or for translation or adaptation, prior written permission must be obtained from the publishers, and a fee may be payable. To request permission, or for any other inquiries, please contact [email protected] Cover photo : an international police officer handcuffs a former member of the Kosovo Liberation army in a court in pristina, Kosovo, 17 December 2002. © reUTers/Hazir reka amnesty.org CONTENTS Glossary of Acronyms .................................................................................................2 1. Introduction........................................................................................................3 2. Summary and recommendations ...........................................................................5 3. Background: War in Kosovo..................................................................................7 4. -
Department of State
DEPARTMENTS 109 DEPARTMENT OF STATE Type Level, Location Position Title Name of Incumbent of Pay Grade, or Tenure Expires Appt. Plan Pay OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY Washington, DC .... Secretary of State .............................................. Condoleezza Rice ................ PAS EX I ................ Do .................... Deputy Secretary ............................................... John D. Negroponte ........... PAS EX II ................ Do .................... Chief of Protocol ................................................ Nancy G. Brinker ............... PAS EX IV ................ Do .................... Ambassador-At-Large (War Crimes) ............... John Clint Williamson ....... PAS EX IV ................ Do .................... HIV/AIDS Coordinator ...................................... Mark Dybul ........................ PAS EX IV ................ Do .................... Assistant Secretary for Resource Manage- Bradford Higgins ................ PAS EX IV ................ ment. Do .................... Chief of Staff ...................................................... Brian Gunderson ................ NA ES ................ ................ Do .................... Deputy Chief of Protocol ................................... Raymond Martinez ............. NA ES ................ ................ Do .................... ......do .................................................................. Charity N. Wallace ............ NA ES ................ ................ Do .................... Senior Advisor .................................................. -
Prishtina Insight Has Learnt
Opinion: Kosovo’s Successful Use of Violence September 2 - 15, 2011 Issue No. 70 www.prishtinainsight.com Price € 1 NEWS Missing EULEX and Kosovo Kosovo Police Close to Lobbyist “Violent Clash” under > page 2 Arrest in FEATURE Sacked Kosovo Eritrea Gallery Chief Kosovo’s flying Blames Politics independence lobbyist, James Berisha, is being held in prison in Eritrea, it emerged on Thursday afternoon, two weeks after he was reported missing. See Page 4 > page 12 - 13 Limaj Faces Grilling as INSIDE PRISHTINA Prishtina’s History Retraced Through Roads Get Tested ‘Lost’ Photos Former minister Fatmir Limaj is shortly to be interviewed by EULEX prosecutors for the first time in 15 months - while > page 18 his roads face a test of their own, Prishtina Insight has learnt. FEATURE Limaj issued these tenders The news comes as it emerged government - since EULEX police By Artan Mustafa based on a combination of the low- that EULEX prosecutors will inter- raided his home and office. Time Is Running est price and the best technical view Limaj on 20 September. Following the raids, Johannes he EU rule-of-law mission in offer. But questions are being EULEX spokesman Kai Mueller- van Vreeswijk, former chief pros- Out for Macedonia’s Kosovo, EULEX, is to asked about how the technical Berner told Prishtina Insight that ecutor of EULEX, said the mis- Temploy an international offers were graded. Limaj, 40, has been summoned to sion had uncovered evidence that Big Cat expert in road quality as part of a In a number of cases highlight- appear before a EULEX Prosecutor could result in Limaj and Nexhat probe into corruption at the ed by a Prishtina Insight investi- at the Special Prosecution of the Krasniqi, head of the procure- > page 15 Ministry of Transport. -
Forum for International Criminal Justice Newsletter: September
Forum for International Criminal Justice Newsletter: September 2014 Welcome to the IAP’s Forum for International Criminal Justice (FICJ) September 2014 Newsletter which focuses on the prosecution of war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide, including a roundup of video highlights, announcements and the major news developments from July. Please note that the items included in this publication do not automatically carry any endorsement from the IAP. Some domestic legal news covered in this Newsletter include: the Dutch prosecution service is considering charges of war crimes, torture and genocide in their investigation into the Flight MH17 airplane crash case; Norway’s Oslo-based Borgarting Court of Appeal began hearing an appeal filed by Sadi Bugingo who was sentenced to 21 years for his role in the 1994 Rwandan Genocide; the El Salvador Government published a report addressing alleged war crimes committed during its Civil War (1980 - 1991); and The U.S. Border Patrol arrested a Rwandan citizen who is wanted for war crimes in Canada. *Please have a look at the FICJ forum page on the IAP website and feel free to contribute: the Forum provides individual prosecutors with a password protected space to post news, announcements, etc. and to pose questions to fellow prosecutors from around the world. Your contributions will also be posted in this monthly newsletter. Danya Chaikel – FICJ Coordinator | email: [email protected] Video Highlights Click here to watch the documentary Join the FICJ Through community: WWW.IAPClick here-