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INTERNATIONAL OLYMPIC ACADEMY THIRTY-FIFTH SESSION 5th-18th JULY 1995 1997 INTERNATIONAL OLYMPIC COMMITTEE Published and edited jointly by the International Olympic Committee and the International Olympic Academy. INTERNATIONAL OLYMPIC ACADEMY REPORT OF THE THIRTY-FIFTH SESSION 5th JULY- 18th JULY 1995 ANCIENT OLYMPIA IOC COMMISSION FOR THE INTERNATIONAL OLYMPIC ACADEMY AND OLYMPIC EDUCATION Chairman Mr Nikos FILARETOS IOC member in Greece Vice-Chairmen Mrs Carol Anne LETHEREN IOC member in Canada Mr Freddy SERPIERIS President of the International Olympic Academy Members Mr Fernando Ferreira Lima BELLO IOC member in Portugal Mr Ivan DIBOS IOC member in Peru Major General Francis NYANGWESO IOC member in Uganda Mr Wlodzimierz RECZEK IOC member in Poland H.E. Mr Mohamed ZERGUINI IOC member in Algeria H.E. Mr Anselmo LOPEZ Director of Olympic Solidarity Mr Abdul Muttaleb AHMAD Representative of the NOCs 4 Mr Etienne ALLARD Representative of the IFs Mr René ROCH Representative of the IFs Mr Peter MONTGOMERY Representative of the Athletes Commission Mrs Helen BROWNLEE Individual member Mr Conrado DURANTEZ Individual member Mr Fekrou KID ANE Individual member MrJipKIM Individual member Mrs Nadia LEKARSKA Individual member Mr Vasco LYNCE Individual member Prof. Norbert MULLER Individual member 5 EPHORIA (BOARD OF TRUSTEES) OF THE INTERNATIONAL OLYMPIC ACADEMY Honorary Life President H.E. Mr Juan Antonio SAMARANCH Honorary Vice-President Mr Nikolaos YALOURIS Mr Freddy President SERPIERIS 1st Vice-President Mr Marton SIMITSEK 1st HOC Vice-President 2nd Vice-President Mr Thomas MEDESSIDIS HOC Member Dean Konstantinos GEORGIADIS Members ex officio Nikos FILARETOS IOC Member in Greece Lambis NIKOLAOU IOC Member in Greece Members Dionyssis GANGAS HOC Secretary General Ioannis THEODORAKOPOULOS President of the Hellenic Association for Sports Journalists George KOSMOPOULOS Mayor of Ancient Olympia 6 FOREWORD This has been a year filled with extremely interesting events which covered practically all topics related to the Olympic Movement. All the events organized by the Academy were highly successful. The effective organization of the events, the new conference centre which facilitated proceedings, the addition of a contempo- rary and specific bibliography to the library, the Academy's link to Internet, are just a few of the elements that contributed to the successful and improved promotion of the Olympic Movement. Special mention should be made of the success of the post-graduate seminar and the 2nd joint session for educationists, which have certainly brought to the Academy the necessary academic recognition. These two events confirm the high scientific level of the Academy's work. It is certainly a fact that the scientific level varies from event to event. Howe- ver, this should be seen as a positive difference. The Academy has to cover a wide range of events. It has therefore adjusted its programme to the requirements of the Olympic Movement. As a result, we have to move between two poles providing, on the one hand, simple information and, on the other, specialized knowledge of a high academic level. As for every other year, once again the prologue of this report gives a summary presentation of all the IOA's activities. Events began with the 2nd Symposium of EOC Secretaries General (10-12 April). At the meeting, the subject of the athletes' participation in the Olympic Games was discussed and participants were briefed on the new Wild Card system. The different National Olympic Committees presented the selection criteria for competitors. The Secretaries General also discussed the question of NOC autonomy and their right to select competitors as stipulated in the Olympic Charter. Cooperation models with Federations were presented in respect of the participation of athletes in the Olympics, as well as thoughts and ideas about NOC financing (Olympic shops, lotteries, state subsidies, sponsoring, etc.). The risk associated with spon- soring were highlighted, while mention was made of a specific country where the Chairmen of large enterprises have effectively replaced the Presidents of National 7 Federations. It is worth noting that for the preparation of an NOC's programme for the Olympic Games (which includes the programme's structure and philosophy, target-setting, conditions, analysis and evaluation of experience), one of the selec- tion criteria for competitors is the respect they show for the Olympic Spirit. The IOA's work continued with the Training Course for Greek Secondary Edu- cation Teachers (1-4 May). At the course on Olympic education, teachers introdu- ced a new further training method by restricting the number of presentations and setting up working groups assigned different objectives. One group visited the ar- chaeological museum and the museum of the Modern Olympic Games and pre- pared a report; another group visited the archaeological site and another the Cro- nion hill where it recorded vegetation; a fourth group inspected the Academy facilities and examined vegetation and cleanliness. Photography and painting groups were also set up, as well as a group which recorded the region's geologi- cal data. They also considered the limits to man's intervention in nature and the environment without negative effects. They used new teaching methods and tech- niques in which they too were directly involved. The course's programme was successfully implemented and all teachers were very involved, taking part in all the seminar's work and activities. The programme was excellent. Participating teachers could play the role of multiplying agents for the dissemination of the Olympic Idea. This year, the 1st Symposium of the IOC's Commission for the IOA and Olym- pic Education was held at the Academy on 5-9 May. Specialists from all over the world were invited to present their views on the subject of Olympic Education. The main topics on which presentations and discussions focused can best be pre- sented by a series of questions which came up, such as: What is Olympic educa- tion? How do you teach Olympic education? What is Olympic education's target audience? What are the strategies used in the education process within the context of Olympic education and finally, who should be the main promoter of Olympic education? It was agreed that the main promoter of Olympic education is the physical edu- cator who can act as a multiplying agent for the propagation of the idea. For that reason, National Olympic Academies should train educationists who are the people directly involved in the promotion of Olympic principles. The proposal according to which the relevant NOCs or the IOC should appoint "Olympic Lecturers" should also be seriously considered: the sole duty of these lecturers would be to teach the Olympic idea and Olympic subjects in a national context. During the symposium there was also a meeting of the IOC's Commission for the IOA and Olympic Education. The members of the Commission said that a number of sectors to be addressed by the Commission, through the IOA, should be identified. The ideas that were developed were: more involvement-cooperation with the organizations with which we maintain direct relations (National Olympic Academies, National Olympic Committees, International Federations, etc.), com- 8 munication and cooperation with athletes, contacts with schools, direct coopera- tion between National Olympic Academies, so that the stronger can support the weaker. The interest in new National Olympic Academies and the wish expressed by many people to work for the National Olympic Academies were also stressed, to- gether with the fact that there are many National Academies which are doing an outstanding job. The question of selection criteria for participants was discussed and it was pro- posed that NOAs should make an effort to select the most qualified participants; following their participation in the sessions and seminars of the International Olympic Academy, they should be motivated to work with the National Olympic Academy, which should maintain contact with them and closely follow their de- velopment. One solution that was proposed for Olympic education training at national level was the establishment of Internal Schools supervised by specialists in Olym- pic Education from the National Olympic Academies. This is why all Academies must select good people. In addition, International Federations should include in their planning the question of Olympic education and appoint a person who will coordinate all Olympic-education related activities for each IF. The need for closer cooperation with the Olympic Museum and the IOC's Re- search Centre in Lausanne was also underlined. The following lectures were presented during the symposium: - Nikos Filaretos (GRE), "Introduction to the aims of the Symposium"; - Fekrou Kidane (IOC), "International cooperation in the Olympic Movement"; - Nadia Lekarska (BUL), "Family educational programmes for children up to se ven years of age"; - Carol Anne Letheren (CAN), "World Olympic youth - Olympic education for the young"; - Mohamed Zerguini (ALG), Coordination of actions for the worldwide disse mination of Olympic education. The third International Postgraduate Seminar on Olympic Studies of the Inter- national Olympic Academy was held this year from May 15 to June 30 in Ancient Olympia and was extremely successful. It was attended by 29 students from va- rious countries. As in previous years the Seminar was not just restricted to acade- mic courses but combined educational visits to archaeological sites and other events, to acquaint participants with the archaeological sites they had been stu- dying during the seminar and introduce them to the lifestyle and culture of mo- dern Greece. The seminar was divided into four parts. The first dealt with the Olympic Games and sports in ancient Greece and other ancient civilizations; the second with the history of the revival of the Olympic Games and the modern Olympic Mo- vement; the third part focused on the sociological and the fourth on the philoso- phical aspects of this phenomenon. Lectures by supervising professors were com- 9 bined with papers by students and discussions in working groups and in the ple- nary sessions.

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