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Can Trapping Control Asian Paper Wasp (<I>Polistes Chinensis
TOFT, HARRIS: ASIAN PAPER WASP CONTROL 279 SHORT COMMUNICATION Can trapping control Asian paper wasp (Polistes chinensis antennalis) populations? Richard J. Toft and Richard J. Harris Landcare Research, Private Bag 6, Nelson, New Zealand (E-mail: [email protected]) ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Abstract: Asian paper wasps reach very high densities in some areas of the far north of the North Island, and concerns about their impact on native biota have led to a search for potential control methods. We simulated the effects of kill-trapping adults by manually removing either 50% or 75% of adults from nests and comparing subsequent counts of adults and capped pupal cells with paired untreated nests. Five weeks after treatment, the 50% removal group had an average of c. 29% fewer wasps than the untreated group, while the 75% removal group had c. 34% fewer than the untreated group. The rate of growth of both the 50% and 75% treatment groups after manipulation was similar to the untreated nests. We conclude that trapping is unlikely to be viable as a control tool unless it can be targeted at early-season queens, and that other options are better pursued at this stage. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Keywords: Asian paper wasp; control; Polistes; trapping. Introduction 2000). Unlike Vespula wasps, Polistes are not attracted Asian paper wasps (Polistes chinensis antennalis) to dead forms of protein such as meat. Therefore, they were first recorded in New Zealand in 1979, and have cannot be controlled using the toxic chicken or fish since spread through much of the North Island and the baits developed for poisoning Vespula species (Spurr north of the South Island (Clapperton et al., 1996; et al., 1996; Harris and Etheridge, 2001). -
Direct and Indirect Chemical Defences Against Insects in a Multitrophic Framework
bs_bs_banner Plant, Cell and Environment (2014) 37, 1741–1752 doi: 10.1111/pce.12318 Review Direct and indirect chemical defences against insects in a multitrophic framework Rieta Gols Laboratory of Entomology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands ABSTRACT higher plant species (Pichersky & Lewinsohn 2011). The diversity of secondary or specialized metabolites across Plant secondary metabolites play an important role in medi- species is tremendous and likely exceeds 200 000 (Pichersky ating interactions with insect herbivores and their natural & Lewinsohn 2011). Primary plant metabolites, such as pro- enemies. Metabolites stored in plant tissues are usually inves- teins, carbohydrates and lipids, are important for basic tigated in relation to herbivore behaviour and performance physiological processes in plants and are often also essential (direct defence), whereas volatile metabolites are often nutrients for insects (Scriber & Slansky 1981; Schoonhoven studied in relation to natural enemy attraction (indirect et al. 2005). defence). However, so-called direct and indirect defences Secondary plant metabolites play an important role in may also affect the behaviour and performance of the herb- plant interactions with the biotic and abiotic environment ivore’s natural enemies and the natural enemy’s prey or (Schoonhoven et al. 2005; Iason et al. 2012). The defence hosts, respectively. This suggests that the distinction between properties of these phytochemicals against a broad range of these defence strategies may not be as black and white as is organisms such as insect herbivores and pathogens dominate often portrayed in the literature. The ecological costs associ- the literature on plant secondary metabolites. In addition, ated with direct and indirect chemical defence are often volatile metabolites may serve as signals in the communica- poorly understood. -
5.Characterization of an Insecticidal Protein from Withania Somnifera.Pdf
Molecular Biotechnology https://doi.org/10.1007/s12033-018-0070-y ORIGINAL PAPER Characterization of an Insecticidal Protein from Withania somnifera Against Lepidopteran and Hemipteran Pest Blessan Santhosh George1 · S. Silambarasan2 · K. Senthil2 · John Prasanth Jacob2 · Modhumita Ghosh Dasgupta1 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2018 Abstract Lectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins with wide array of functions including plant defense against pathogens and insect pests. In the present study, a putative mannose-binding lectin (WsMBP1) of 1124 bp was isolated from leaves of Withania somnifera. The gene was expressed in E. coli, and the recombinant WsMBP1 with a predicted molecular weight of 31 kDa was tested for its insecticidal properties against Hyblaea puera (Lepidoptera: Hyblaeidae) and Probergrothius sanguinolens (Hemiptera: Pyrrhocoridae). Delay in growth and metamorphosis, decreased larval body mass and increased mortality was recorded in recombinant WsMBP1-fed larvae. Histological studies on the midgut of lectin-treated insects showed disrupted and difused secretory cells surrounding the gut lumen in larvae of H. puera and P. sanguinolens, implicating its role in disruption of the digestive process and nutrient assimilation in the studied insect pests. The present study indicates that WsMBP1 can act as a potential gene resource in future transformation programs for incorporating insect pest tolerance in susceptible plant genotypes. Keywords Insecticidal lectin · Mannose binding · Secretory cells · Teak defoliator Introduction and sugar-containing substances, without altering covalent structure of any glycosyl ligands. They possess two or more Plants possess complex defense mechanisms to counter carbohydrate-binding sites [27] and display an enormous attacks by pathogens and parasites, ranging from viruses diversity in their sequence, biological activity and mono- or to animal predators. -
Floral Volatiles from Vigna Unguiculata Are Olfactory and Gustatory Stimulants for Oviposition by the Bean Pod Borer Moth Maruca Vitrata
Article Floral Volatiles from Vigna unguiculata Are Olfactory and Gustatory Stimulants for Oviposition by the Bean Pod Borer Moth Maruca vitrata Bo Feng 1, Kai Qian 1 and Yong-Jun Du 1,2,* 1 Institute of Health and Environmental Ecology, Wenzhou Medical University, University Town, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China; [email protected] (B.F.); [email protected] (K.Q.) 2 Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd., Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-571-88982517 Academic Editor: Brian T. Forschler Received: 8 March 2017; Accepted: 6 June 2017; Published: 9 June 2017 Abstract: We investigated the role of floral odors from cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.), in mediating oviposition of the bean pod borer moth, Maruca vitrata, a serious pest of grain legumes that flies to host plants at the flowering stage and oviposits onto flowers and buds. The flower of the host plant V. unguiculata was a stimulus for egg-laying by M. vitrata in an oviposition bioassay. Commercial longifolene, β-caryophyllene, linalool, geraniol, and (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate were used as stimulus. Each one elicited dose-dependent electroantennogram responses in female M. vitrata, and all but longifolene stimulated oviposition, when presented singly. Beta-caryophyllene was the most active stimulant, similar to that of the flower of V. unguiculata, and eliciting a dose-dependent oviposition response. Either olfaction or gustation was sufficient to mediate an oviposition response to V. unguiculata floral volatiles: intact M. vitrata responded to β-caryophyllene whether or not they could contact the source of the volatiles, and females with amputated antennae responded if allowed to contact the source. -
Cotton Stainer, Dysdercus Koenigii (Heteroptera: Pyrrhocoridae) Eggs Laying Preference and Its Ecto-Parasite, Hemipteroseius Spp Levels of Parasitism on It
APPL. SCI. BUS. ECON. ISSN 2312-9832 APPLIED SCIENCES AND BUSINESS ECONOMICS OPEN ACCESS Cotton stainer, Dysdercus koenigii (Heteroptera: Pyrrhocoridae) eggs laying preference and its ecto-parasite, Hemipteroseius spp levels of parasitism on it Qazi Muhammad Noman1*, Syed Ishfaq Ali Shah2, Shafqat Saeed1, Abida Perveen1, Faheem Azher1 and Iqra Asghar1 1Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan 2Central Cotton Research Institute, Old Shujabad Road, Multan, Pakistan *Corresponding author email Abstract [email protected] Cotton is one of the important and main cash crop of Pakistan as listed in top four crops i.e. wheat, rice, sugarcane and maize. Its contribution is 1.4% in GDP and 6.7% in Keywords agriculture value addition. Insect pests are causing a key role in term of qualitative and Mass rearing,Different mediums, Eggs batches, Mortality quantitative losses. In 2010, cotton stainer was thought to be a minor insect pest in Pakistan, while, currently it becomes the most prominent among the sucking insects with piercing sucking mouthparts as causing serious economic losses in the cotton growing areas of Pakistan. Many control tactics were to be studied including biological and chemical. But keeping the drawbacks of insecticides, a biological control is to be highly recommended control tool. The newly introduced predator the Antilochus coqueberti (Heteroptera: Pyrrhocoridae) is being reared in the Central Cotton Research Institute (CCRI), Multan against the cotton stainer. This predator, repaid mass rearing in the laboratory completely depends on its natural host because; we don’t find the literatures on its artificial diets rearing. -
Bidirectional Plant‐Mediated Interactions Between Rhizobacteria and Shoot‐Feeding Herbivorous Insects
Ecological Entomology (2020), DOI: 10.1111/een.12966 INVITEDREVIEW Bidirectional plant-mediated interactions between rhizobacteria and shoot-feeding herbivorous insects: a community ecology perspective JULIA FRIMAN,1 ANA PINEDA,2 JOOP J.A. VAN LOON1 , and MARCEL DICKE1 3 1Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands, 2Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands and 3Marcel Dicke, Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands Abstract. 1. Plants interact with various organisms, aboveground as well as below- ground. Such interactions result in changes in plant traits with consequences for mem- bers of the plant-associated community at different trophic levels. Research thus far focussed on interactions of plants with individual species. However, studying such inter- actions in a community context is needed to gain a better understanding. 2. Members of the aboveground insect community induce defences that systemically influence plant interactions with herbivorous as well as carnivorous insects. Plant roots are associated with a community of plant-growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). This PGPR community modulates insect-induced defences of plants. Thus, PGPR and insects interact indirectly via plant-mediated interactions. 3. Such plant-mediated interactions between belowground PGPR and aboveground insects have usually been addressed unidirectionally from belowground to aboveground. Here, we take a bidirectional approach to these cross-compartment plant-mediated interactions. 4. Recent studies show that upon aboveground attack by insect herbivores, plants may recruit rhizobacteria that enhance plant defence against the attackers. This rearranging of the PGPR community in the rhizosphere has consequences for members of the aboveground insect community. -
The Linsenmaier Chrysididae Collection Housed in the Natur-Museum Luzern (Switzerland) and the Main Results of the Related GBIF Hymenoptera Project (Insecta)
Zootaxa 3986 (5): 501–548 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2015 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3986.5.1 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:0BC8E78B-2CB2-4DBD-B036-5BE1AEC4426F The Linsenmaier Chrysididae collection housed in the Natur-Museum Luzern (Switzerland) and the main results of the related GBIF Hymenoptera Project (Insecta) PAOLO ROSA1, 2, 4, MARCO VALERIO BERNASCONI1 & DENISE WYNIGER1, 3 1Natur-Museum Luzern, Kasernenplatz 6, CH-6003 Luzern, Switzerland 2Private address: Via Belvedere 8/d I-20881 Bernareggio (MB), Italy 3present address: Naturhistorisches Museum Basel, Augustinergasse 2, CH-4001 Basel, Switzerland 4Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Table of contents Abstract . 501 Introduction . 502 Linsenmaier's Patrimony . 502 Historical overview . 503 The Linsenmaier Chrysididae collection . 506 Material and methods . 507 GBIF project . 507 The reorganization of the Linsenmaier collection . 508 Manuscripts . 513 Observations on some specimens and labels found in the collection . 515 Type material . 519 New synonymies . 524 Conclusions . 525 Acknowledgements . 525 References . 525 APPENDIX A . 531 Species-group names described by Walter Linsenmaier. 531 Replacement names given by Linsenmaier . 543 Unnecessary replacement names given by Linsenmaier . 543 Genus-group names described by Linsenmaier . 544 Replacement names in the genus-group names . 544 APPENDIX B . 544 List of the types housed in Linsenmaier's -
Ants: Major Functional Elements in Fruit Agro-Ecosystems and Biological Control Agents
sustainability Review Ants: Major Functional Elements in Fruit Agro-Ecosystems and Biological Control Agents Lamine Diamé 1,2,*, Jean-Yves Rey 1,3,6, Jean-François Vayssières 3,6, Isabelle Grechi 4,6, Anaïs Chailleux 3,5,6 ID and Karamoko Diarra 2 1 Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Centre pour le Développement de l’Horticulture, BP 3120 Dakar, Senegal; [email protected] 2 Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, BP 7925 Dakar, Senegal; [email protected] 3 Centre de Coopération Internationale de Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, UPR HortSys, F-34398 Montpellier, France; jean-franç[email protected] (J.F.V.); [email protected] (A.C.) 4 Centre de Coopération Internationale de Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, UPR HortSys, F-97455 Saint-Pierre, La Réunion, France; [email protected] 5 Biopass, Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles—University Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar—Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, BP 2274 Dakar, Senegal 6 University de Montpellier, Centre de Coopération Internationale de Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, HortSys, F-34398 Montpellier, France * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 15 October 2017; Accepted: 12 December 2017; Published: 22 December 2017 Abstract: Ants are a very diverse taxonomic group. They display remarkable social organization that has enabled them to be ubiquitous throughout the world. They make up approximately 10% of the world’s animal biomass. Ants provide ecosystem services in agrosystems by playing a major role in plant pollination, soil bioturbation, bioindication, and the regulation of crop-damaging insects. Over recent decades, there have been numerous studies in ant ecology and the focus on tree cropping systems has given added importance to ant ecology knowledge. -
Resistance to Legume Pod Borer (Maruca Vitrata Fabricius) in Cowpea: Genetic Advances, Challenges, and Future Prospects
Journal of Crop Improvement ISSN: 1542-7528 (Print) 1542-7536 (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/wcim20 Resistance to legume pod borer (Maruca vitrata Fabricius) in cowpea: genetic advances, challenges, and future prospects Frejus Ariel Kpedetin Sodedji, Symphorien Agbahoungba, Simon-Pierre Assanvo Nguetta, Eric Etchikinto Agoyi, Mathieu Anatole Tele Ayenan, Samson Hospice Sossou, Cherif Mamadou, Achille Ephrem Assogbadjo & Daouda Kone To cite this article: Frejus Ariel Kpedetin Sodedji, Symphorien Agbahoungba, Simon-Pierre Assanvo Nguetta, Eric Etchikinto Agoyi, Mathieu Anatole Tele Ayenan, Samson Hospice Sossou, Cherif Mamadou, Achille Ephrem Assogbadjo & Daouda Kone (2020) Resistance to legume pod borer (Marucavitrata Fabricius) in cowpea: genetic advances, challenges, and future prospects, Journal of Crop Improvement, 34:2, 238-267, DOI: 10.1080/15427528.2019.1680471 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/15427528.2019.1680471 Published online: 29 Oct 2019. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 211 View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=wcim20 JOURNAL OF CROP IMPROVEMENT 2020, VOL. 34, NO. 2, 238–267 https://doi.org/10.1080/15427528.2019.1680471 Resistance to legume pod borer (Maruca vitrata Fabricius) in cowpea: genetic advances, challenges, and future prospects Frejus Ariel Kpedetin Sodedji a,b, Symphorien Agbahoungbaa, Simon- Pierre Assanvo Nguettab, Eric Etchikinto -
Central Sikhote-Alin
WHC Nomination Documentation File Name: 766rev.pdf UNESCO Region: EUROPE AND THE NORTH AMERICA __________________________________________________________________________________________________ SITE NAME: Central Sikhote-Alin DATE OF INSCRIPTION: 16th December 2001 STATE PARTY: RUSSIAN FEDERATION CRITERIA: N (iv) DECISION OF THE WORLD HERITAGE COMMITTEE: Excerpt from the Report of the 25th Session of the World Heritage Committee The Committee inscribed Central Sikhote-Alin on the World Heritage List under criterion (iv): Criterion (iv): The nominated area is representative of one of the world's most distinctive natural regions. The combination of glacial history, climate and relief has allowed the development of the richest and most unusual temperate forests in the world. Compared to other temperate ecosystems, the level of endemic plants and invertebrates present in the region is extraordinarily high which has resulted in unusual assemblages of plants and animals. For example, subtropical species such as tiger and Himalayan bear share the same habitat with species typical of northern taiga such as brown bear and reindeer. The site is also important for the survival of endangered species such as the scaly-sided (Chinese) merganser, Blakiston's fish-owl and the Amur tiger. This serial nomination consists of two protected areas in the Sikhote- Alin mountain range in the extreme southeast of the Russian Federation: NAME LOCATION AREA Sikhote-Alin Nature Preserve Terney District 401,428 ha Goralij Zoological Preserve Coastal zone on the Sea of Japan, N of Terney 4,749 ha The Committee encouraged the State Party to improve management of the Bikin River protected areas (Bikin Territory of Traditional Nature Use and Verkhnebikinski zakaznik) before nominating it as an extension. -
Effect of Host Plants on Life History Traits of Dysdercus Koenigii (Hemiptera: Pyrrhocoridae)
J. Bio. & Env. Sci. 2014 Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences (JBES) ISSN: 2220-6663 (Print) 2222-3045 (Online) Vol. 4, No. 1, p. 187-194, 2014 http://www.innspub.net RESEARCH PAPER OPEN ACCESS Effect of host plants on life history traits of Dysdercus koenigii (Hemiptera: Pyrrhocoridae) Muhammad Nadir Naqqash, Shafqat Saeed*, Waqar Jaleel, Syed Muhammad Zaka, Qamar Saeed Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan Article published on January 24, 2014 Key words: Dysdercus koenigii, comparative bionomics, Gossypium hirsutum, Abelmoschus esculentus and Salmalia malabarica. Abstract Red Cotton Bug, Dysdercus koenigii F., (Hemiptera: Pyrrhocoridae) also called cotton stainer is a destructive pest of cotton and many other economical crops in Asia. D. koenigii feeds on a variety of hosts including cotton. It damages the crop by sucking sap and staining lint by its faeces. Being important pest of many important crops, the present work was planned to study the comparative biology and biometrics most appropriate word of D. koenigii on cotton, okra and simal under laboratory condition. Significantly lesser nymphal duration was observed in cotton 23.42±1.38 days as compared to okra and simal 28.20±2.08 and 28.39±1.96 days respectively. The longer adult life was observed on cotton (female 20.85±6.17 days and male 16.18±6.11 days) and simal (female 20.11±3.19 days and male 15.41±2.37 days) than the okra (female 17.60±2.58 days and male 10.92±2.49 days). In case of cotton D. -
New Records and Three New Species of Chrysididae (Hymenoptera, Chrysidoidea) from Iran
Journal of Insect Biodiversity 3(15): 1-32, 2015 http://www.insectbiodiversity.org RESEARCH ARTICLE New records and three new species of Chrysididae (Hymenoptera, Chrysidoidea) from Iran Franco Strumia1 Majid Fallahzadeh2* 1Physics Department, Pisa University, L. Pontecorvo, 3 – 56127 Pisa, Italy, e-mail: [email protected] 2*Department of Entomology, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom, Iran. *Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected] urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub: 77510A1B-DFE3-430A-9DBF-E0ECB1FDE068 1urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author: 88DF3BBA-90B2-4E95-A3AC-6805002E56CE 2urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author: CAEC6969-40E2-451C-A6D4-89435348C03B Abstract: Data on the distribution of 52 cuckoo wasp species (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae) from Iran are given. One genus and 27 species (including 3 new species: 52% of the captured material) are new records for the country. In addition, three new species, Chrysis gianassoi sp. nov., Chrysis majidi sp. nov. and Chrysis unirubra sp. nov. are described and illustrated, and diagnostic characters are provided to identify them. Chrysis turcica du Buyson, 1908 is removed from synonymy with Chrysis peninsularis du Buysson, 1887. Chrysis bilobata Balthasar, 1953 is confirmed as valid species and illustrated. The composition of the Iranian Chrysididae fauna is compared with that of South Palaearctic countries. The large proportion of new record and new species (≈52%) indicates that the fauna of Iranian Chrysididae is rich and diverse but has not yet been thoroughly studied. The majority of new record were obtained from mountainous sites above 1000 m above sea level, indicating the rich biodiversity of this biotope. Key words: Chrysididae, malaise trap, pan trap, Palaearctic Region, taxonomy, fauna, Iran.