Cusco/Southern Peru: ITM.0700 Free

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It is the capital of the Cusco Region and of the Cusco Province. The city is the seventh most populous in Peruand, init had a population ofThe city Cusco/Southern Peru: ITM.0700 the historic capital of the Inca Empire from the 13th century until the 16th-century Spanish conquest. Sincethe Cusco/Southern Peru: ITM.0700 local spelling of the city has been Cuscoto reflect current pronunciation in Spanish and Quechua; sincelocal authorities adopted Cusco/Southern Peru: ITM.0700 as the spelling, to be more closely Cusco/Southern Peru: ITM.0700 with the Quechua language. The indigenous name of this city is Qusqu. Although the name was used in Southern Quechuaits origin Cusco/Southern Peru: ITM.0700 found in Cusco/Southern Peru: ITM.0700 Aymara language. The word is derived from the phrase qusqu wanka 'Rock of the owl'related to the city's foundation myth of the Ayar Siblings. According to this legend, Ayar Awqa Ayar Auca acquired wings and flew to the site of the Cusco/Southern Peru: ITM.0700 city; there he was transformed into a rock to mark the possession of the land by his ayllu "lineage" : [3]. Then Ayar Oche stood up, Cusco/Southern Peru: ITM.0700 a pair of large wings, and said he should be the one to stay at Guanacaure as an idol in order to speak with their father the Sun. Then they went up on top of the hill. Now at the site where he was to remain as an idol, Ayar Oche raised up in flight toward the heavens so high that they could not see him. He returned and told Ayar Manco that from then on he was to be named Manco Capac. Ayar Oche came from where the Sun was and the Sun had ordered that Ayar Manco take that name and go to the town that they had seen. After this had been stated by the idol, Ayar Oche turned into a stone, just as he was, with his wings. Later Manco Capac went down with Ayar Auca to their settlement Manco Capac and his companion, with the help of the four women, made a house. Having done this, Manco Capac and his companion, with the four women, planted some land with maize. It is said that they took the maize from the cave, which this lord Manco Capac named Pacaritambowhich means those of origin because The Spanish conquistadors adopted the local Cusco/Southern Peru: ITM.0700, transliterating it into Spanish phonetics as Cuzco or, less often, Cozco. Cuzco was the standard spelling on official documents and chronicles in colonial times, [5] though Cusco was also used. Cuzcopronounced as in 16th-century Spanish, seems to have been a close approximation to Cusco/Southern Peru: ITM.0700 Cusco Quechua pronunciation of the name at the time. As both Spanish and Quechua pronunciation have evolved since then, the Spanish pronunciation of 'z' is no longer universally close to the Quechua pronunciation. Inthe city mayor signed an ordinance banning the traditional spelling and ordering the use of a new one, Cuscoin municipality publications. Nineteen years later, on 23 Junethe local authorities formalized a new spelling related more closely to Quechua: Qosqo. There is no international, official spelling of the city's name. In English-language publications both "s" [7] [8] and "z" [9] [10] can be found. The Killke people occupied the region from to CE, prior to the arrival of the Inca in the 13th century. Carbon dating of Saksaywamanthe walled complex outside Cusco, established that Killke constructed the fortress about Cusco/Southern Peru: ITM.0700. The Inca later expanded and occupied the complex in the 13th century. In Marcharchaeologists discovered the ruins of an ancient temple, roadway and aqueduct system at Saksaywaman. Together with the results of excavations inwhen another temple was found at the edge of the fortress, Cusco/Southern Peru: ITM.0700 indicates a longtime religious as well as military use of the facility. Cusco was long an important center of indigenous people. It was the capital of the Inca Empire 13th century — Many believe that the city was planned as an effigy in the shape of a pumaa sacred animal. Under Cusco/Southern Peru: ITM.0700 Inca, the city had two sectors: the urin and hanan. A road led from each quarter to the corresponding quarter of the empire. Each local leader was required to build a house in the city and live part of the year in Cusco, restricted to the quarter that corresponded to the quarter in which he held territory. After the Cusco/Southern Peru: ITM.0700 of Pachacutiwhen an Inca died, his title went to one son and his property was given to a corporation controlled by his Cusco/Southern Peru: ITM.0700 relatives split inheritance. Each title holder had to build a new house and add new lands to the empire, in order to own land for his family to keep after his death. According to Inca legend, the city was rebuilt by Sapa Inca Cusco/Southern Peru: ITM.0700the man who transformed the Kingdom of Cuzco from a sleepy city-state into the vast empire of Tawantinsuyu. The city was constructed according to a definite plan in which two rivers were Cusco/Southern Peru: ITM.0700 around the city. Archaeologists have suggested that this city plan was replicated at other sites. It was captured by the generals of Atahualpa in April in the Battle of Quipaipan. Nineteen months later, Spanish explorers invaded the city after kidnapping and murdering Atahualpa see Battle of Cuzcoand gained control because of their arms and horses, employing superior military technology. On 15 November Francisco Pizarro officially arrived in Cusco. The fortress had three parapets and was composed of "heavy masses of rock". The most sumptuous edifice in Cuzco The palaces were numerous and the troops lost no time in plundering them of their contents, as well as despoiling the religious edifices," including the royal mummies in the Coricancha. Pizarro ceremoniously gave Manco Inca the Incan fringe as the new Peruvian leader. Pizarro left a garrison of 90 men and departed for Jauja with Manco Inca. Pizarro renamed it as Cusco/Southern Peru: ITM.0700 "very noble and great city of Cuzco". Buildings often constructed Cusco/Southern Peru: ITM.0700 the Spanish invasion have a mixture of Spanish influence and Inca indigenous architecture, including the Santa Clara and San Blas neighborhoods. The Spanish destroyed many Inca buildings, temples and palaces. They used the remaining walls as bases for the construction of a new city, and this stone masonry Cusco/Southern Peru: ITM.0700 still visible. Father Vincente de Valverde became the Bishop of Cusco and built his cathedral facing the plaza. He supported construction of the Dominican Order monastery Santo Domingo Convent on the ruins of the CorichancaHouse of the Sun, and a convent at the former site of the House of the Virgins of the Sun. Although the siege lasted 10 months, it was ultimately unsuccessful. Manco's forces were able to reclaim the city for only a few days. He eventually retreated to Vilcabambathe capital of the newly established small Neo-Inca State. There he survived another 36 years but he was never able to return to Cuzco. Throughout the conflict and years of the Spanish colonization of the Americasmany Incas died of smallpox epidemics, as they had no acquired immunity to a disease by then endemic among Europeans. Cusco was built on layers of cultures. The Tawantinsuyu former Inca Empire was built on Killke structures. The Spanish replaced indigenous temples with Catholic churches, and Inca palaces with mansions for the invaders. Cusco was the center for the Spanish colonization and spread of Christianity in the Andean world. It became very prosperous thanks to agriculture, cattle raising and mining, as well as its trade with Spain. The Spanish colonists constructed many churches and conventsas well as a cathedraluniversity and archdiocese. A major earthquake on 21 May caused damage in more than one third of the city's structures. The Dominican Priory and Church of Santo Domingo, which were built on top of the impressive Qurikancha Temple of the Sunwere among the affected colonial era buildings. Inca architecture withstood the earthquake. Many of the Cusco/Southern Peru: ITM.0700 Inca walls were at first thought to have been lost after the earthquake, but the granite retaining walls of the Qurikancha were exposed, as well as those of other ancient structures throughout the city. Restoration work Cusco/Southern Peru: ITM.0700 the Santo Domingo complex exposed the Inca masonry formerly obscured by the superstructure without compromising the integrity of the colonial heritage. Since the s, tourism has increased. Currently, Cusco is the most important tourist destination in Peru. Cusco extends throughout Cusco/Southern Peru: ITM.0700 Huatanay or Watanay river valley. To its north is the Vilcabamba mountain range with 4,—6,metre-high 13,—20,foot mountains. The highest peak is Salcantay 6, metres or 20, feet about 60 kilometres 37 miles northwest of Cusco. It is generally dry and temperate, with two defined seasons. Winter occurs between April to September, with abundant sunshine and occasional nighttime freezes; July is the coldest month with an average of 9. Summer occurs between October and March, with warm temperatures and abundant rainfall; November is the warmest month which averages Although frost and hail are common, the last reported snowfall was in June Temperatures usually range from 0. Sunshine hours peak in July; the equivalent of January in Cusco/Southern Peru: ITM.0700 Northern Hemisphere. In contrast, February, the equivalent of August in the Northern Hemisphere, has the least amount of sunshine. Cusco was found in to be the spot on Earth with the highest average ultraviolet light level. Tourism has been the backbone to the economy starting in the early s, bringing in more than 1. The Killke built a major temple near Saksaywaman, as well as an aqueduct Pukyus and roadway connecting prehistoric structures. Saksaywaman was expanded by the Inca. The Spanish explorer Pizarro sacked much of the Inca city in Inca buildings and foundations in some cases proved to be stronger during earthquakes than foundations built in present-day Peru. Among the most noteworthy Spanish colonial buildings of the city is the Cathedral of Santo Domingo. The major nearby Inca sites are Pachacuti's presumed winter home, Machu Picchuwhich can be reached on foot by the Inca Trail Cusco/Southern Peru: ITM.0700 Machu Picchu or by train; and the Cusco/Southern Peru: ITM.0700 at Ollantaytambo. The surrounding area, located in the Watanay Valley, Cusco/Southern Peru: ITM.0700 strong in gold mining and agriculture, including cornbarleyquinoatea and coffee. The stadium is home to one of the country's most successful soccer clubs, Cienciano. Because of its antiquity and importance, the city center retains many buildings, Cusco/Southern Peru: ITM.0700, streets and churches from colonial times, and even some pre- Columbian structures, which led to Cusco/Southern Peru: ITM.0700 declaration as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in Among the main sights of the city are:. This neighborhood houses artisans, workshops and craft shops. It is one of the most picturesque sites in the city. Its streets are steep and narrow with old houses built by the Spanish over important Inca foundations. Latin & South America

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