1

Index

Note: References are to pages within chapters, thus 51.10 is page 10 of Chapter 51. Tables and/or Figures removed from the main text are in italic. Main entries are in bold. Alphabetical order is word-by-word, in which hyphens are given the fi ling role of a space.

A acantholytic dermatoses see Grover’s acetylacetone test 26.50, 26.99 in psoriasis 20.37, 74.35 1A4 antibodies (alpha-smooth muscle disease (transient and persistent acetylated lanolin alcohol 27.13 in psoriatic nail involvement 65.26 actin antibodies) 10.22 acantholytic dermatoses) acetylcholine (ACh) 38.1, 44.3, 63.3, 80.7 in squamous cell carcinoma 52.28 AA see alopecia areata (AA) acantholytic dyskeratotic epidermal naevi in atopic dermatitis 24.18 teratogenicity 72.28 Aagenaes syndrome 48.10 19.83 peripheral nerves 4.10 Ackerman syndrome 15.29 abacavir 75.67 acanthoma pruritus and 21.3, 21.4 acne hypersensitivity 35.7, 35.21, 72.30 clear cell 52.41 sweat gland control 3.12 adolescent see acne vulgaris abatacept 74.9 Degos’ 52.41 acetylcholinesterase 3.12 childhood 42.75–6 ABC method (avidin–biotin–peroxidase pilar sheath 53.3 N-acetylcysteine 26.46, 47.11 cosmetic 42.73 complex method) 10.17 spectacle-frame (acanthoma fi ssuratum) in microscopic polyangiitis 50.36 drug-induced 9.5, 42.31, 42.71–3, 75.34 ABCA12 gene 11.13 28.29–30, 68.9 ACh see acetylcholine (ACh) ear 68.14 ABCB1 (MDR-1) gene 72.29 acanthoma fi ssuratum 28.29–30, 68.9 Achenbach’s syndrome 28.27, 45.4, 45.5, endocrine 42.73 ABCD dermatoscopy score 5.20 acanthome a ‘cellules claires’ 52.41 49.16 external chemical origin (halogen acne) ABCD mnenomic, melanoma 54.37 acanthosis 10.37 Achillea 25.21 27.12–15 abciximab 49.11, 49.13 in eczema 23.4 achondroplasia–hypochondroplasia, externally induced 42.73–4 abdominal aortic aneurysm 47.2 epidermal, Spitz naevus 54.22 prenatal diagnosis 16.3 following spinal cord injury 63.17 abdominal pain, in carcinoid syndrome in viral warts 33.41, 33.42 achrocordon see skin tags granulomatous/lymphoedematous 43.18 acanthosis nigricans 19.119–21 achromic naevus (naevus depigmentosus) 42.74, 42.75 abdominal wall, localized atrophy acquired, pigmentation changes 58.25 58.42, 58.44–5 immobility 42.76 45.12–13 in animals 2.17 achromotrichia 66.94 infantile and juvenile 42.75–6 ablepharon–macrostomia syndrome 70.3 congenital generalized lipodystrophy aciclovir irritant 25.2 abnormal sensitivity to cold 28.65–71 46.37 action 74.49 light-exacerbated 29.22 abortion, spontaneous, in dermatomyositis and 58.27 adverse effects 26.46, 75.66 ‘Mallorca’ 42.79 pseudoxanthoma elasticum female genital region 71.80 in eczema herpeticum 33.36 mechanical 42.76–7 45.23 genitocrural dermatology 71.7 in erythema multiforme 76.7 naevi 18.11–13, 42.78 abrasions hirsutism and 66.82 in herpes B virus infection 33.34, 33.35 Norwegian 42.79 accidental tattoo due to 58.57 HIV infection 35.12 in herpes simplex 33.20, 33.21 occupational 27.12–15, 42.77 child abuse 28.34 insulin resistance and 59.78, 66.82 ocular involvement 67.26 oil and tar 27.6, 42.77 friction 28.9, 28.31 acne and 42.73 resistance 33.21 penile 71.27 infection following 4.5 male genital region 71.36 in herpes zoster 33.27, 35.29, 63.6–7, pitch 27.14 Abrikossoff’s tumour see granular cell oral involvement 69.34 67.26 pomade 9.5, 42.31, 42.73–4 tumour paraneoplastic 62.31, 69.34 corticosteroids with 33.28 post-acne osteoma cutis 59.70 abscess(es) 10.41 race and 9.15 prophylactic 33.27 tropical/hydration 27.14, 42.79 in animals 2.12 seborrhoeic keratosis association 52.38 in herpetic keratitis 67.16, 67.26 vasculitic/pyoderma gangrenosum aseptic neutrophilic 50.82 subtypes 69.34 mechanism of action 33.20 42.85 of Bartholin’s gland 71.68 umbilical dermatology 71.101 in pityriasis rosea 33.81 virally induced 42.79 breast see breast, abscess acanthosis palmaris (tripe palms) 19.120, topical 73.15 see also acne vulgaris dental 69.109 62.31–2 herpetic keratitis 33.21 acne aestivalis 42.79, 42.80 in HIV infection 35.24 Acari 38.33–54 varicella prophylaxis 33.27 acne agminata 5.14, 31.25, 43.12–13 inguinal, chancroid 34.34 acariasis varicella treatment 33.27, 35.29 clinical features 43.13 intraoral 69.109 canine sarcoptic 2.10 acid beta-glucosidase defi ciency 59.39 differential diagnosis 42.37, 61.10 α metastatic tuberculous 31.10, 31.19–20 otodectic 2.10 1-acid glycoprotein 13.19 perioral dermatitis vs 43.11 oral cavity 69.109 Acaridae 38.46–7 acid mucopolysaccharides, in acne conglobata 42.32, 42.33, 42.71, perianal/perineal 71.92 acarodermatitis urticarioides 38.48 scleroedema 51.119 42.82–3 periurethral 34.26 Acarus siro 38.47 acid orcein–Giemsa stain 10.8 associated disorders 42.82–3 pilonidal sinuses 28.50 accessory auricle 68.4 acid phosphatase 3.52, 12.49, 38.14 isotretinoin treatment 42.62, 42.83 subareolar 70.13 accessory cells 4.8 acids treatment 42.83 sweat glands 17.43 accessory digit 18.92 burns 25.11, 27.12 choice 42.40 tubo-ovarian 34.26 accessory nerve 77.5 as irritants 25.20 acne de jeune fi lles see acne excoriée absence of skin see aplasia cutis congenita accessory tragus (auricle) 18.84–5, 68.4 Acinetobacter 30.46 Acne Disability Index 72.20 Absidia 36.91 ACE see angiotensin-converting enzyme axilla 30.4 acne excoriée 42.35, 42.70, 64.29 vessel-invasive infection 49.35 (ACE) in cellulitis 30.18 treatment 42.70 absorption, percutaneous 4.4–5 ACE inhibitors, adverse effects 75.92–4 differential diagnosis 36.31 acne fulminans 42.83–4 in neonates 17.2 angio-oedema 22.20, 22.21 in normal skin fl ora 30.2, 68.2 bone and joint involvement 62.101 absorption spectrum 29.3 fl ushing 43.15–16 perineum and groin 30.4 erythema nodosum and 50.83 ABT-874, psoriasis 74.10 pemphigus 75.38 toe clefts 30.4 infl ammatory bowel disease and 62.52 Acacia melanoxylon 26.80 urticaria 22.10, 75.26 acini, sebaceous gland 42.1 treatment 42.84 Acanthamoeba 37.27 acebutolol 75.91 acipimox 75.156 isotretinoin 42.62 acantholysis 10.36–7 acetaldehyde, alcohol metabolism 43.16 acitretin 74.35 acne mechanica 28.30, 28.31, 42.76–7 in complement-defi cient mice 40.6 acetaminophen 75.72–3 adverse effects 75.109 acne necrotica miliaris 30.26 defi ned 40.3 acetazolamide 75.97 hair loss 66.29 acne necrotica varioliformis 30.26–7 in Hailey–Hailey disease 39.33 acetic acid 25.20 ocular 67.31 acne vulgaris vs 42.37 mechanism 40.6 acetone 25.20, 65.56 in chloracne 27.14 acne nuchae keloidalis (acne keloid) 9.9, in neonatal mouse model 40.5 N-acetyl-4-S-cysteaminylphenol 73.27 clinical indications 74.35 30.26 plasminogen activator 40.14 alpha-N-acetyl-galactosaminidase in hidradenitis suppurativa 30.81 Acne Quality of Life Scale (Acne-QOL; urokinase block 40.14 defi ciency 59.34–5 in pemphigus 40.12 AQOL) 42.35, 72.20 2 Index acne rosacea see rosacea children under 12 years of age 42.60– topical treatment 42.39–46 genetics 15.10 acne venenata 27.12–15 1, 42.76 adapalene 42.39–40, 42.41, 73.36 neonatal 17.4 acne vermiculata (atrophoderma clinical benefi ts 42.58–61 adverse effects 42.49–50 reversible 49.34 vermiculata) 45.8, 66.51 cost-effectiveness 42.65 antibiotics 42.39, 42.41–3, 73.9, 73.10 acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans acne vulgaris 42.17–70, 42.73–4 dose schedules 42.61, 42.62 azelaic acid 42.39, 42.43, 73.28 30.65, 45.9–11, 45.18 adolescence 8.6 drug interactions 42.64, 42.65 benzoyl peroxide 42.39, 42.40, 42.41, acrodermatitis continua (of Hallopeau) aetiology/pathogenesis 42.17, 42.20–30 duration of use 42.58, 42.62 42.48, 42.67 20.46, 65.25, 65.26, 79.4 cell-mediated immunity and scarring European Directive 42.59, 42.60 childhood acne 42.76 calcipotriol treatment 73.45 42.26–7 initiation of therapy 42.59–60 complementary therapy 42.43 acrodermatitis enteropathica 59.59, 59.72 comedogenesis 42.22–4 long-term treatment 42.58–9 dapsone 42.43 in animals 2.17 growth hormone and IGFs role 42.11 mechanism of action 42.57–8 nicotinamide 42.43, 73.51 Crohn’s disease and 62.49 hyperinsulinaemia 42.20–1, 42.34 poor response 42.60 retinoic acid 73.34, 73.35 genitocrural 71.5 infl ammation role 42.25–6 resistance 42.62–3 retinoids 42.39–41, 42.48, 42.54 hair loss in 66.28–9 innate immune reaction 42.25, 42.26 side effects 42.63–5 salicylic acid 42.43 oral involvement 69.31 P. acnes role 42.24–6 in signifi cant systemic disease 42.61 selection 42.43–4 perianal/perineal 71.91 seborrhoea 42.20–2 slow response, reasons 42.62–3 tazarotene 73.37 in pregnancy 8.12 topical drug effects on 42.40 treatment recommendations 42.60 treatment 42.15–16, 42.38–70 acrodynia 69.83–4, 75.101–2 Apert’s syndrome and 42.61, 42.70–1 US programme (iPLEDGE) 42.60 adverse effects 42.49–52 acroerythrokeratoderma (Mal de Meleda) associated conditions 42.70–82 itching 42.32 antibiotics see acne vulgaris, oral 19.3, 19.94, 19.100–1 associated features 42.33 keratins 42.23 antibiotic treatment acrogeria 45.58, 45.59–60, 51.79, 51.106 atopic dermatitis incidence and 42.18 late-onset 42.18. 42.19 choice 42.38–9, 42.43–4 acrokeratoderma, aquagenic syringeal biological/evolutionary signifi cance lesion counts 42.38 concordance with 72.6 19.115 42.27 males 42.17–18 education of patients/doctors 42.55 acrokeratoelastoidosis of Costa 9.10 body dysmorphic disorder and 42.60, mature 42.18. 42.19 general principles 42.38 acrokeratosis paraneoplastica see Bazex 42.71 mild 42.38, 42.39 hormonal see acne vulgaris, hormonal syndrome bone and joint involvement 62.99, mild to moderate 42.38 treatments acrokeratosis verruciformis, Darier’s 62.102 moderate 42.39 isotretinoin see acne vulgaris, disease vs and features in 19.82, calcifi cation after (osteoma cutis) 42.78 natural history 42.17–18 isotretinoin treatment 19.83, 19.88 candidate genes 42.19 nodular 42.71 oral 42.46–9, 42.66–7 acrokeratosis verruciformis of Hopf childhood 42.75–6 treatment choice 42.40 outcome measures 42.38 19.88, 65.18 clinical features 42.30–8 nodules 42.31, 42.37 P. acnes resistance 42.41–2, 42.43, epidermodysplasia verruciformis vs comedonal 42.18, 42.75 non-infl ammatory lesions 42.17, 42.30 42.47, 42.55–6 33.58 treatment 73.35 occupation and 42.34 physical 42.67–8 plane warts vs 33.44 treatment choice 42.40 oral antibiotic treatment 42.46–9, 42.54 poor compliance 42.55 acrokeratotic poikiloderma of Weary cysts 42.18, 42.31 adverse effects 42.47, 42.50–1, retinoids 64.49 15.82 Darier’s disease and 42.71 67.31–2 slow response or failure 42.55–6, acrolein 25.21 defi nition 42.17 duration and dose 42.47–8 42.56–7, 42.60 acromegaly 8.2, 62.2, 62.101 detergent 42.74 mechanism of action 42.48 topical see acne vulgaris, topical ear involvement 68.18 diet and 42.33–4 topical agents with 42.48 treatment pigmentation 58.24 differential diagnosis 27.13, 42.36–8 papular/pustular, treatment choice UV radiation and 42.34 sebum excretion rate 42.22 perioral dermatitis vs 42.36, 43.11 42.40 variants, severe 42.82–6 acromelanosis 58.21 rosacea 42.36, 43.5 penile 71.27 see also acne acropachy 15.87–8 secondary syphilis vs 34.12 persistent 42.18 acneiform eruptions, drug-induced acroparesthesiae 59.37 drug-induced 9.5, 42.31, 42.71–3, isotretinoin use 42.61, 42.63 42.71–3 acropigmentation, reticulate 58.21–2 75.34 physiological 42.18 acnitis see acne agminata acropustulosis 65.25 ear 68.14 physiological/environmental factors acquired digital fi brokeratoma 56.4, infantile 17.9–10, 50.62 endocrine 42.73 affecting 42.33–5 65.31–2 acropustulosis of Hallopeau, acitretin endocrine investigations 42.22 polycystic ovary syndrome and 42.20, acquired epidermolysis bullosa see 74.35 indications 42.21 42.21–2, 42.73 epidermolysis bullosa acquisita acrorenal fi eld defect, ectodermal epidemiology and burden 42.19 pomade 9.5, 42.31, 42.73–4 acquired generalized lipodystrophy dysplasia, lipoatrophic diabetes excess sebum production and 42.20 premenstrual fl are 42.24, 42.34 (AGL) 46.37–9 15.29 females 42.18, 42.21–2 prepubertal 42.18 acquired idiopathic livedo reticularis acrosclerosis 51.87 genetic factors 42.18–19 prevalence 42.17–18 28.68, 49.49 vinyl chloride-related 62.47 Global Alliance algorithm for outcome prognostic factors, poor 42.39 acquired immune defi ciency syndrome acrospiroma 53.22, 53.27–8 improvement 42.39, 42.40 psychosocial effects 42.35 see AIDS; HIV infection malignant 53.34 glycaemic index and 42.34 pyogenic granuloma 42.32, 42.79 acquired perforating dermatosis 19.88–9 acrosyringium 53.23 grading scale 42.38, 42.38, 42.39 quality of life and 42.35, 64.10, 72.20 acral arteriovenous tumour (cirsoid purpura around 49.21 haemorrhagic lesions 42.31, 42.32 race and 9.4–5, 42.19, 42.24 aneurysm) 56.26–7, 65.35–6 acryl ceramides, in sebum in acne 42.23 hidradenitis suppurativa and 42.74–5 resolution 42.18, 42.38 acral dermatitis, chronic 23.15 acrylates 26.14, 26.72–3, 65.55–6 hirsutism and 42.20, 42.21 mechanisms 42.27 acral dermatosis, acute, viral infections acrylic fi bres, sarcoidal reaction to hormonal control of sebaceous activity sandpaper 42.30 associated 33.76 61.22–3 42.9–14 treatment failure 42.56 acral lentiginous melanoma 15.11, 54.35, ACTH see also sebaceous glands scarring 42.31–2, 42.32–3 54.44, 54.45, 54.46, 65.40 administration, pigmentation changes hormonal treatments 42.52–4 differential diagnosis 42.37 acral lick dermatitis 2.9 58.25 adrenal androgen production mechanisms 42.26–7 acral peeling skin syndromes 19.66 adverse effects 69.97, 75.114–15 inhibitors 42.53 treatment 42.68–70 acral purpura 49.4, 49.32 in congenital adrenal hyperplasia 62.6 androgen receptor blockers 42.53–4 types of scars 42.32–3 acral vascular syndrome, paraneoplastic in Cushing’s syndrome/disease 58.24, indication 42.52 scars 45.54 62.41 62.3–4 oral contraceptives 42.53 keloid-like 45.54 Acremonium 36.8, 36.55, 36.73, 36.92 ectopic secretion, pigmentation 58.25 ovarian androgen production punch grafts 77.22 acridinyl anisidide (AMSA) 75.133 in lichen planus 41.18 inhibitors 42.53 sebaceous gland activity 42.15 acrivastine 22.29 in place of systemic steroids 74.3–4 hyperprolactinaemia and 42.12 reduction/inhibition 42.14, 42.15 in urticaria 22.28 at puberty 8.4 infl ammatory lesions 42.17, 42.30–1 seborrhoeic dermatitis and 23.29 acro-dermato-ungual-lacrimal-tooth sebaceous gland hypertrophy 42.11 P. acnes role 42.24–5, 42.25–6 sebum excess 42.20–2 syndrome 15.29, 15.64 stimulation test 74.3 scarring mechanisms 42.26–7 sebum lipids and 42.22, 42.23 acro-mammo-renal syndromes 70.2 see also ectopic ACTH syndrome steroids and isotretinoin 42.63 secondary syphilis vs 34.12 acro-osteolysis actin 10.22 topical antibiotics effect 42.43 severe 42.39, 42.82–6 with keratoderma 19.115 Kindler syndrome 12.17 topical retinoids effect 42.40, 42.43 severity assessment 72.10 vinyl chloride-induced 45.52 polymerization, melanocyte dendrite treatment failure 42.57 sinus formation 42.31, 42.32 acroangiodermatitis of Mali 47.22, formation 58.4 isotretinoin fl are 42.62–3, 42.64 smoking and 42.34–5 49.17–18 actinic cheilitis see cheilitis, actinic predisposing risk factors 42.64 solar comedones with 42.79 acrocephalosyndactyly see Apert’s actinic dermatitis, chronic see chronic isotretinoin treatment 42.14, 42.54, steroid 42.72 syndrome actinic dermatitis (CAD) 42.57–66 stigma 64.6 acrochordons see skin tags actinic elastosis 8.22 acne variants 42.62 stress and depression 42.35 acrocyanosis 28.66–7 actinic keratosis 52.2, 52.12, 52.30–2 antibiotics with 42.63 sweating and 42.34 cold-induced 49.33 aetiology 52.30

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–24.34; Volume 2, pp. 25.1–44.22; Volume 3, pp. 45.1–62.113; Volume 4, pp. 63.1–80.14 Index 3

ageing and 80.2 activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ACVRL) papillary eccrine 53.26–7 physiological function 8.16–17 biological compensation in 52.31 47.17 sebaceous 42.87, 53.15–17, 68.28, 69.23 visceral 46.4, 46.5 Bowenoid 52.31 acupuncture 68.7, 72.32 tubular apocrine 53.26 white 8.16–17 chromosome losses 52.29 blue macules at site of needles 58.54 adenosine arabinoside 74.48 see also subcutaneous fat clinical features 52.30 in brachioradial pruritus 63.24 adenosine deaminase defi ciency 17.60 adiposis dolorosa (Dercum’s disease) defi nition 52.30 in post-herpetic neuralgia 63.7 adenosine triphosphate (ATP) 46.2 8.17, 46.46, 46.47–9, 48.20 diagnosis 52.31 for surgical procedures 77.11 adenoviruses 33.2 adiposopathy 46.7 epidermodysplasia verruciformis and acute disseminated epidermal necrosis ADEPT study, adalimumab and adnexal polyp of neonatal skin 17.15, 70.8 33.57 76.1 methotrexate 74.7 adnexal tumours 53.1–44 eyelids 67.33 acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis see ADFN gene 58.44 benign to malignant change 53.32 fl at type 52.31 Sweet’s syndrome adherence to therapy see concordance carcinoma following chemotherapy 75.124 acute generalized exanthematous with therapy adenoid cystic 53.37 hands 52.30 pustulosis 75.34–5 adherens junctions 3.23–4, 40.2 microcystic 53.35–6 in HIV infection 35.39 differential diagnosis 76.19 cadherins 40.2, 40.3 mucinous 53.36 incidence 52.2, 52.30 acute genital ulceration 71.65–6 functions 3.23 classifi cation 53.2, 53.27 lichenoid 52.31 acute haemorrhagic oedema of gene mutations 3.23–4 ductal differentiation 53.2 lip 52.30 childhood/infancy 17.33–4, see also desmosomes metastases 53.2 see also cheilitis, actinic 49.18–19, 50.30 adhesion complex 40.1–2, 40.25 see also specifi c tumours, anatomical malignant melanoma risk 54.33 acute leukaemia 55.31 basement-membrane zone 40.1–2, 40.25 structures new lesion development rate 52.31 genetics 15.14 epidermis, desmosomes role 3.21–2 adolescence 8.4–8 nodular 52.36 acute panniculitis, mechanical injury IgA antibodies 40.46 career choice and skin disease 8.6, pathology 52.30–1 28.27 adhesion molecules 12.68–75 8.7–8 pigmented 52.31, 52.38 acute papular onchodermatitis 37.5 on activated keratinocytes 12.75 dermatoses 8.6–8 pinna 68.30 acute-phase proteins 12.34, 13.19 in allergic contact dermatitis 26.6 diffi culties and emotional problems 8.6 prevention by sunscreens 29.9 C-reactive protein 12.28, 12.32, 13.4, in Behçet’s disease 50.56 melanoma 54.48–9 progression to invasive SCC 52.29, 13.19 cell–cell adhesion, cadherins 40.5 normal bacterial skin fl ora 30.4 52.30, 52.31 acute retinal necrosis syndrome 33.26 CX3CR1, cell–cell adhesion and obesity 8.4 relapsing and/or remitting lesions acute scrotum 71.28 leukocyte traffi cking 12.48 psychocutaneous disorders 64.30 52.30 ACVRL1 gene mutations 47.17 on desmosomes 40.2 quality of life assessment 72.23 skin biopsy 10.42 acyclovir see aciclovir ICAM-1 12.10, 12.16, 12.73 striae 45.5, 45.6 treatment 52.31–2, 77.40, 77.42, 78.16 acyl coenzyme A compounds 46.2 ICAM-2 12.73 see also puberty; individual conditions topical 5-FU 73.23 AD see atopic dermatitis leukocyte cell adhesion molecule adrenal glands topical diclofenac 73.25 AD (autosomal dominant) inheritance (LEUCAM) subfamily 12.70 androgen production, inhibition 42.53 topical imiquimod 73.24 15.2, 15.5 on neutrophils 12.21 carcinoma 66.83 actinic lentigines see under lentigines adalimumab 12.42, 13.25, 72.29, 74.5–7, platelet–endothelial cell adhesion adrenal hyperplasia, late-onset, acne and actinic prurigo (AP) 29.10, 29.13–15, 75.145 molecule (PECAM-1 or CD31) 42.21 69.124 clinical indications 74.6 12.73 adrenal insuffi ciency see Addison’s aetiology 29.13–14 dose range and evidence level 74.6 regulating leukocyte emigration 12.74 disease clinical features 29.10, 29.14 and methotrexate, ADEPT study 74.7 in vasculitis 50.4 adrenaline defi nition 29.13 origin 74.5 vitamin D action 73.43 in anaphylaxis 22.29, 38.15 diagnosis and differential diagnosis in psoriasis 20.41, 74.5 adhesions in angio-oedema 22.29 29.10, 29.14 Adam complex syndrome see amniotic fi brinous ‘violin-string’ 34.30 in local anaesthetics 77.9, 77.10 pathology 29.14 bands/adhesions heparan sulphate role 3.46 in nail biopsy 65.42 polymorphic light eruption association Adamantiades–Behçet’s disease see see also amniotic bands/adhesions skin biopsy and 10.2 29.14 Behçet’s disease adhesive plaster, salicylic acid in, wart adrenalitis, autoimmune 62.5 race and 9.19 Adams–Oliver syndrome (scalp aplasia treatment 33.48 adrenarche 8.4 treatment 29.10, 29.14–15 cutis congenita with limb adhesives, in shoes 26.63, 26.68 α-adrenoceptor blockers actinic reticuloid (pseudolymphomatous reduction abnormalities) 15.96, adipocytes 3.52 in carcinoid syndrome 43.19 chronic actinic dermatitis) 29.16, 18.68, 18.99–100 brown 46.1 vibration injury 28.58 29.17, 57.58 ADAMTS 3.41 hibernoma 46.45 adrenocortical disease, in Carney α-actinin 40.2 ADAMTS-1 gene 3.41 development 46.3 syndrome 58.14 Actinobacillus actinomycetem-comitans 30.59 ADAMTS-2 3.41 differentiation inhibition by adrenocortical hormones, sebaceous Actinomadura 36.73 ADAMTS13, defi ciency 49.12, 49.31 antiretrovirals 46.42 gland activity and 42.11 Actinomyces bovis 30.75, 30.76 adapalene 73.35, 73.36 histology and cell structure 46.1–2 adrenocorticotrophic hormone see ACTH Actinomyces gerencseriae, female genital topical hyperplasia 46.6, 46.9 adrenoleukodystrophy 44.18 infection 71.68 acne treatment 42.39–40, 42.41 hypertrophy 46.6, 46.9 adrenomedullin 4.5 Actinomyces israelii 30.74–5, 30.76 chloracne treatment 42.77 rimming 46.26 adriamycin see doxorubicin female genital infection 71.68 Addison’s disease 62.5–6 visceral adipose tissue (VAT) 46.4 ADRs see drug reactions Actinomyces keratolytica 30.39 in autoimmune polyglandular dysfunction, in obesity 46.6, 46.6–7 adult premature ageing syndrome see Actinomyces naeslundii 30.75 syndrome 62.13 white 46.1 Werner’s syndrome Actinomyces pyogenes 30.37 candidiasis and 36.58 see also lipocytes adult progeria see Werner’s syndrome actinomycete infections 30.74–6, 68.25, ear involvement 68.18 adipogenesis 46.3 adult respiratory distress syndrome 68.27 genetics 15.81 adipokines 46.2, 46.3 (ARDS), in toxic epidermal mycetoma due to 36.72–5 hyperpigmentation 58.24 adiponecrosis e frigore (cold panniculitis) necrolysis 76.17 actinomycetoma 36.72–5 pigmentation 58.7 17.35, 46.21 ADULT syndrome 15.29, 15.64 actinomycin D, adverse effects 75.127 sarcoidosis and 61.17 adiponectin 46.4 adult T-cell leukaemia–lymphoma (ATLL) actinomycosis 30.74–6 sweat in 44.6 anti-infl ammatory effects 46.4 33.64–6, 57.37–9 abdominal 30.75 white 62.6 low levels, infl ammatory effects 46.4 clinical features 33.64–5 cervicofacial 30.75 Adema disease 59.72, 59.73 receptors 46.4 HTLV-1-association 57.37–9 pelvic 30.75 ADEN (acute disseminated epidermal adipose tissue 46.2 race and 9.13 primary cutaneous 30.75 necrosis) 76.1 atrophy see lipoatrophy adverse drug reactions see drug reactions thoracic 30.75 adenine 11.2 brown 8.16 AEC (ankyloblepharon-ectodermal actinonin 12.50 adenocarcinoma hypertrophy 46.34, 46.41, 70.3, 70.4 dysplasia–clefting) syndrome actinophytosis 30.67–8 aggressive digital papillary 53.33 intrathoracic, increased 46.41 15.30, 15.61–3 activated leukocyte cell adhesion female genitalia 71.77 loss 46.34, 46.36 AECA see antiendothelial cell antibodies molecule (ALCAM) 12.73 perianal/perineal 71.91 generalized lipodystrophy 46.37, Aeromonas 30.59, 38.55 activated partial thromboplastin time sweat glands 53.40 46.38 infections of reptiles/amphibia 2.12 (aPTT) 49.9 adenocarcinomatosis, perianal/perineal partial lipodystrophy 46.39–40 Aeromonas hydrophila 30.18, 30.59 activated protein C (APC) 49.38 71.91 see also lipoatrophy; lipodystrophy aerospace industry, occupational hazards concentrates, in sepsis 49.40 adenocystic carcinoma, primary necrosis 46.44 27.18 resistance 14.13, 47.28, 47.42, 49.38–9 cutaneous 53.37 see also subcutaneous fat, necrosis AESOP syndrome 62.94 activation-induced cytidine deaminase adenoid cystic carcinoma 53.37 omental, HIV lipodystrophy 46.42 aesthetic surgery, body dysmorphic 13.10 adenoma pathology 46.10–12 disorder 64.19 activator protein 1 (AP-1) 8.21, 8.22 apocrine tubular 53.21 see also panniculitis AF-6 (afadin) 3.23 activin A, in lichen planus 41.1–2 ceruminous glands 68.29 perivascular 46.2 afadin 3.23 4 Index affective disorder, in Hailey–Hailey Aicardi–Goutières syndrome 11.15 Alcyonidium diaphanum 38.58 to applied medicaments 26.13, 26.18, disease 39.35 AID (activation-induced cytidine aldehyde dehydrogenase 43.16 26.22, 26.43–7 afferent nerves 12.64 deaminase) 13.10 aldehydes 25.21 arms 26.15–16, 26.29 African black walnut 26.81 AIDS as antiperspirants 73.9 atopic dermatitis and 24.22, 26.7, African blackwood 26.81 case defi nition 35.4–5 as antiseptics 73.14 26.13–14 African ebony 26.80 in pregnancy 8.13 alefacept 13.25 axillae 26.18 African eye worm (loiasis) 37.11–12, 38.6 rank order of diagnoses 35.4 in lupus pernio 61.21 to Bryozoa 26.10, 38.58 African mahogany 26.81 see also HIV infection origin 74.8–9 chronic 26.15 African teak 26.81 AIN see anal intraepithelial neoplasia in psoriasis 20.41, 74.6, 74.8–9 chronic venous insuffi ciency 47.34 African tick bite fever 38.35 ainhum 45.69 alendronate 75.99 clinical examination 26.14–22 African tick typhus 30.73 race and 9.12–13 Aleppo boil (Old World cutaneous clinical features 26.13–22 African trypanosomiasis 37.2, 37.29–31 air fl ow, role in irritant contact dermatitis leishmaniasis) 37.34–9 to clothing 26.18, 26.65–8 Afro–Caribbean children, circumscribed 25.8 aleuroconidia 36.4 co-existence with other disorders keratotic disorders 19.93 air-fl uidized mattresses 28.20, 28.22 Alezzandrini’s syndrome 58.46, 66.93 26.9 agammaglobulinaemia air sampling, bacterial skin fl ora 30.2 alfalfa, antinuclear and anti-dsDNA corticosteroids associated 73.17 autosomal recessive 17.71–2 airbag dermatitis 28.14 antibodies 51.30 to cosmetic vehicles 26.58–60 X-linked 13.9, 13.13, 17.70–1, 69.117 Aircast Walkers® foam boot 63.10 alginate dressings 14.23–4 to cosmetics 26.14, 26.16, 26.17, agammaglobulinaemia–dwarfi sm– aircrew, occupational hazards 27.18 alitretinoin (9-cis-retinoic acid) 73.36–7, 26.47–9 ectodermal dysplasia 15.29 AIRE gene 62.13 74.36 delayed (late) reaction time 26.6 age defects 13.15 clinical indications 74.36 differential diagnosis 26.28–30 drug pharmacokinetics and AJCC staging system, melanoma, topical 73.36–7 differentiation from irritant contact pharmacodynamics 72.28–9 malignant 54.49, 54.50 ALK (anaplastic lymphoma kinase) 10.25 dermatitis 25.6, 26.87–8 effect on normal bacterial skin fl ora AL Test system 26.85 ALK-1, and ALK-5 47.17 drug infl uences on 26.9 30.3–4 Alagille’s syndrome 62.62, 62.77 alkali(s) duration and behaviour 26.13 mechanical injury effects and 28.7, alantolactone 26.75, 26.77 burns 27.12 ear 26.17, 68.14 28.18 alarmins 3.16 as irritants 25.9, 25.20 in elderly people 8.28 age spots 8.23 Alatina moseri 38.56 alkali tests 27.11 elicitation 26.6 see also lentigo albendazole 74.50–1 Alkaligenes, toe clefts 30.4 environmental factors 26.10–11 ageing 8.21–9 in cutaneous larva migrans 37.17 alkaline phosphatase 10.16 epidemiology 26.2–5 allergic contact dermatitis and 26.8 in echinococcosis 37.25 in sarcoidosis 61.8 exposed sites 26.20, 26.30 bacterial skin fl ora and 30.3–4 in gnathostomiasis 37.18 alkaptonuria 44.21, 58.54, 59.98 eyelids 23.11, 26.17, 26.22, 26.31, 67.5 biology of 8.21–2 in strongyloidiasis 37.16 ear involvement 68.18 facial 26.16–17, 26.29 dermis 8.22–3 in toxocariasis 37.18 ochronosis in 44.21 feet 26.19, 26.29 Down’s syndrome and 45.61 in trichinosis 37.20 see also ochronosis female genitalia 71.58 drug pharmacokinetics and albinism 58.39–41, 66.93–4 alkyl bromides 25.21 to footwear 26.68–9 pharmacodynamics 72.28–9 classifi cation 58.39 alkyl chlorides 25.21 gender and 26.7–8 ear changes associated 68.5–6 clinical features 58.40, 66.94 alkyl sulphonates 75.124 generalized 26.19, 26.30 eccrine sweat glands 8.24 electron microscopy 10.29 alkyl tin compounds 25.21 gentamicin causing 73.10 epidermis 8.23 genetics 66.94 alkylating agents 75.124–5 in Hailey–Hailey disease 39.34–5 extrinsic 80.2, 80.3 incidence 58.40 in necrobiotic xanthogranuloma 55.28 to hair dyes 26.10, 26.17, 26.60–2 hair colour changes 8.23 ocular 58.39 all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) 42.14 hands 26.15–16, 26.29 hair follicles 8.23–4 oculocutaneous (OCA) 58.39 collagen gene expression control 3.39 history of 26.1–2 immune function and 8.24, 13.15 prenatal diagnosis 16.3, 16.6 male genital conditions 71.27 history-taking 26.13–14 intrinsic 80.1–2 race and 9.16 in melasma 73.27 hormones and 26.8 irritant contact dermatitis and 25.6–7 types 58.39 photoageing reduction 29.7 in infancy and childhood 26.8–9 Langerhans’ cells and 8.24 partial see piebaldism receptors 73.35 Langerhans’ cells regulating 55.4 nail growth 8.24 prognosis and treatment 58.40–1 sebocyte proliferation and lipids legs 23.35, 23.36, 26.19, 26.29 nerves and sensation 8.24 tyrosinase-negative 58.39, 58.40 suppressed 42.14, 42.15 lips 26.17 occupational dermatoses and 27.2 tyrosinase-positive 58.40, 58.41 see also retinoic acid (tretinoin; vitamin male genitalia 71.17–18 pigmentation of skin 8.23 X-linked ocular 58.39 A acid) management 26.101–3 premature 45.15, 45.56–63 yellow mutant 58.40 alleles, defi nition 15.3 mechanical injury 28.22, 28.25, 28.52, with short stature and pigmented albinism–deafness syndrome (ADFN) allergens 26.11, 26.30–84 28.54 naevi 45.60 58.44 additional series, tests 26.92 mucosal 26.20–1 prevention 80.3–4 albino 58.1 airborne 22.9, 26.16–17, 26.20 nail involvement 65.28–9 pruritus and 21.12, 21.17 albinoidism 58.41 assessment of sensitization potential to nail lacquer/polish 65.54–5 purpura 49.15 Albright’s hereditary osteodystrophy 26.11–12 neck 26.18 risk factor for skin disease 6.12 56.61–2, 62.12 atopic dermatitis and 24.10–12, 24.30–1 neonatal 17.22 sebaceous and apocrine glands 8.24 genetics 15.6 avoidance 26.101 nipple 70.10 skin Albright’s sign 62.12 during pregnancy 24.34 non-eczematous responses 26.25–8 control of 8.21 Albright’s syndrome see McCune– binding to skin components 26.5 occupational 26.4–5, 26.14, 26.20, 27.4, photoageing 8.21–2 Albright syndrome containment 26.99 27.5, 27.7 signs of 8.21 albumin 13.19, 66.81 eczema and 23.5 pathogenesis 26.5–6 structural changes 8.22–5 albuterol 75.98 hand eczema and 23.13–14 pathology 26.13 stratum corneum 4.11 Alcian blue reaction 10.8 injection by arthropods 38.1–2 perioral 26.17 telangiectases due to 47.13 alcohol leg ulcer 47.45 periorbital oedema 67.5 transepidermal water loss and 4.11 avoidance in carcinoid syndrome 43.19 in lipsalves and lipsticks 69.119 persistent 29.17 UVR effect (photoageing) 29.7 fl ushing associated 43.16 in photoallergic contact dermatitis pimecrolimus therapy 73.32 vascular changes associated 80.11 intolerance 22.32 26.23–4 plant-induced 26.10, 26.15–16, 26.74–9 wound healing and 14.2, 14.9, 14.17–18 as irritant 25.19, 25.20 pigmented purpuric dermatoses due to population studies 26.4–5 wrinkles and 45.2–3 metabolism 43.16 49.23 predisposing factors 26.6–13 agglutinins, cold-induced injury 28.71 misuse see alcohol abuse replacement 26.99, 27.9 to preservatives 26.49–58 aggrecan 3.48 multiple symmetrical lipomatosis responses to 13.13 prevalence 26.3–5 aggressive epidermotropic CD8+ associated 46.46 sources 26.14 prevention 26.99–101 (provisional) T-cell lymphomas porphyria cutanea tarda and 45.52 standard series 26.2, 26.91–2 primary patterns 26.15–20 57.35–6 sweating and 44.7 storage 26.86 primary site 26.13 aggressive house spider 38.32 urticaria induced by 22.8 systemic reactions to 26.22–3 prognosis 26.103–4 Agouti gene 2.5, 2.6 use in pregnancy see fetal alcohol urticaria due to 22.7–8 race and 9.13, 26.8 AGPAT enzymes 46.37 syndrome volatile 26.16–17 to resins and plastics 26.16, 26.20, agranulocytosis, oral involvement 69.56 alcohol abuse 64.46–7 see also individual allergens 26.69–74 agriculture methotrexate 74.22 allergic contact dermatitis 26.1–106 to rubber 26.63–5 Bowen’s disease associated 52.32 in psoriasis 20.4, 20.18 after arthropod bites/stings 38.2 scalp 26.17–18 occupational hazards 5.6, 27.18 alcohols age and 26.8 seasonal variation 26.13 AHEC (acute haemorrhagic oedema of antiseptics 73.14 in animals 2.10 secondary patterns 26.21–2 childhood/infancy) 17.33–4, in topical treatment 73.7 anogenital 26.18–19, 26.29 sensitization 26.1, 26.5–6, 26.6–7, 49.18–19, 50.30 alcuronium 75.153 to antimicrobial agents 26.49–58 26.9–10

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–24.34; Volume 2, pp. 25.1–44.22; Volume 3, pp. 45.1–62.113; Volume 4, pp. 63.1–80.14 Index 5

sensitizing agents 73.39 artefactual 66.53–6 treatment 66.36–8 amethocaine (tetracaine) 75.153, 77.10 sources of allergy 26.14 caused by irritants 25.2 minoxidil 73.50 amfebutamone 75.88–9 susceptibility to 26.6–7 central centrifugal (follicular sensitizing agents 73.39 amicrobial pustulosis associated with systemic non-eczematous 26.27 degeneration syndrome) 9.7, topical mechlorethamine 73.24 autoimmune diseases 50.90 systemically reactivated 26.22–3 66.46, 66.68 alopecia mucinosa 57.14, 59.26 amidopyrine 75.77 topical acne agents causing 42.49 cicatricial alopecia neoplastica 70.14 amikacin 74.42 topical therapy causing 73.4 acquired 66.38–9 alopecia totalis 66.35, 66.36, 66.37–8 amiloride, adverse effects 70.5 truncal 26.18, 26.29–30 classifi cation 66.39, 66.40 topical mechlorethamine treatment amineptine 75.78 to UV fi lters 26.62–3 non-specifi c 66.39 73.24 acneiform eruptions due to 42.72 to woods, colophony and turpentine primary 66.40 alopecia unguium 65.10 bis(4-amino-3-methylcyclohexyl) methane 26.79, 26.80–1, 26.82–4 secondary 66.40 alopecia universalis 66.36, 66.38 27.17 wound healing and 14.17 clinical features and 66.21–2 in animals 2.18 3-amino-9-ethylcarbazole 10.16 allergic contact urticaria see urticaria congenital 66.59–60 alopecia universalis–onychodystrophy– amino acid metabolism disorders allergic granulomatosis see Churg–Strauss cosmetic 66.53 total vitiligo 15.30 59.94–104 syndrome Cronkhite–Canada syndrome 58.13 alopecia–anosmia–deafness– with hypotrichosis 66.61 allergic reactions defi nition 5.7 hypogonadism 15.30 amino penicillins, cutaneous adverse canine 2.7 in discoid lupus erythematosus 66.43–5 alopecia–onychodysplasia-hypohidrosis drug reactions 74.40 to HRT 8.20 in dogs and other animals 2.10 15.30 amino-plastics 26.73, 26.74 to tattoo pigments 58.58 drug-induced 66.29–30, 75.45 alopecia–onychodysplasia-hypohidrosis– p-aminobenzoic acid 26.23, 26.62 to topical antibiotics 73.10 due to medical trauma 66.53 deafness 15.30 aminocaproic acid 75.107 allergy 13.12–14 eating disorders 64.22 alpha-actinin 40.2 aminocyclitol antibiotic 74.42 to abacavir 72.30 in follicular lichen planus 41.11 alpha-hydroxy acids, in actinic elastosis aminoglutethimide 75.128 to aluminium 26.39–40, 26.46 frontal fi brosing 41.11, 66.41, 66.42 45.27 aminoglycoside antibiotics 74.42, to antiperspirants 26.18 generalized non-Herlitz junctional EB α-antitrypsin defi ciency see α-antitrypsin 74.44 to antiseptics 26.46 39.13 defi ciency (under antitrypsin) in Hailey–Hailey disease 39.36 to arthropod bites and stings 38.1 in HIV infection 66.2 α-defensins 4.5, 13.4 topical 73.10 to balsam of Peru 26.18, 26.22, 26.40, in Hodgkin’s disease 57.63 α-fetoprotein 47.19, 63.16 5-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) 26.41 hot comb (follicular degeneration α-keratin intermediate fi laments (α-KIF) in non-melanoma skin cancer 52.16 to chromium 26.15, 26.18, 26.34–6 syndrome) 9.7, 66.46, 66.68 66.6 in photodynamic therapy 78.15 α compound 26.89 in hypothyroidism 62.10, 66.28, 66.29 2-macroglobulin 13.4 topical, acne vulgaris 42.68 contact urticaria and 22.19 in incontinentia pigmenti 66.51 α-tocopherol see vitamin E aminopenicillins 74.40 to cow’s milk 22.6 in lichen planus 41.11, 41.14, 41.17, Alpine sunlamp 29.1 aminopeptidase N (APN) 12.50 to detergents 26.18 66.39, 66.41–3 Alpinia galanga 76.5 aminophenazone 75.77 drug-induced 75.15–21 lipedematous 66.58–9 Alport syndrome 3.27, 3.35 aminophylline 75.99 to food additives 26.17, 26.22 neonatal occipital 17.4 alprazolam 75.81 aminopterin 20.33 to gold 26.26, 26.38–9 paraneoplastic, in cats 2.19 ALPS (autoimmune lymphoproliferative amiodarone 70.5, 75.31, 75.33, 75.89 history of 26.1–2 pathological pulling/plucking 64.30–1 syndrome) 17.65–6 photosensitivity 29.23, 58.56 to nail polish/lacquer 26.16, 26.17, post-infl ammatory cicatricial, eyebrows Alstroemeria 26.26, 26.76 pigmentation due to 58.56, 58.57 26.18, 26.47, 26.48, 68.24 67.4 Alstrom syndrome 69.12 amisulpiride 64.52 to nickel see nickel in radiodermatitis 66.53–4 alteplase 75.23, 75.107 amitriptyline 64.51 to penicillin 26.46, 34.23 sarcoidosis and 61.9, 61.14 altered self hypothesis, in vasculitis 50.6 adverse effects 75.78 to poison ivy 26.16, 26.17, 26.75 scarring 66.65 Alternaria alternata 36.77 in dystrophic EB 39.30 to pollen see pollen allergy differential diagnosis 66.36 alternating pressure mattresses 28.20, in erythromelalgia 47.10 to retinol 26.46 in dystrophic EB 39.18 28.22 in hyperhidrosis 44.12 tests 13.16 frontotemporal 9.7 alternative therapies see complementary in post-herpetic neuralgia 63.7 to tetracyclines 26.46, 75.53 in SLE 66.29 and alternative therapy ammonia, napkin dermatitis and 17.23 therapy 13.25–6 sulphur depletion 59.72 altitude injury, ear 68.11 ammonium chloride, in alkali burns to vitamin E 26.46 in syphilis 66.29, 66.52 aluminium, allergy to 26.39–40, 26.46 27.12 to vitamin K 26.46 syphilitic 34.11 aluminium acetate 73.15–16 ammonium persulphate 22.20, 26.17 Allgrove’s syndrome 62.13 telogen, postpartum 8.10 in otitis externa 68.25 amniocentesis 16.2, 17.11 Allium 25.21, 26.77 total (congenital) 66.59–60 aluminium chlorhydrate 44.11, 73.9 amniotic bands/adhesions 17.15, 18.106– Allodermanyssus sanguineus 30.74 traction 9.7, 66.53 aluminium chloride 25.19, 77.50 7, 45.69 allodynia 33.26, 63.6 treatment in hyperhidrosis 44.10, 44.11 lymphoedema 48.11 allokinesis 21.1, 21.3, 21.13 antiandrogens 74.2–3 in tinea pedis 36.49 amocarzine 75.71 allopurinol 59.103 minoxidil 73.49–50 aluminium chloride hexahydrate 63.22–3, amoebiasis 37.27–8 adverse effects 75.78 Vogt–Koyanagi-Harada syndrome 73.9, 77.47 HIV infection 35.35 Stevens–Johnson syndrome 76.4, 58.45 in epidermolysis bullosa simplex perianal/perineal involvement 71.95 76.11 see also baldness 39.31 amoeboma 37.27 in American trypanosomiasis 37.32 alopecia areata (AA) 64.5, 66.16, aluminium chlorohydrates 44.11, 73.9 amorolfi ne 26.46, 36.48–9, 36.50, 36.55 in palmar fi bromatosis 45.46 66.31–8 aluminium oxide, for calcinosis in a child in onychomycosis 73.12 in sarcoidosis 61.21 aetiology 66.31–3 51.129 in superfi cial white onychomycosis alloys, prosthetic implants 26.37 animal models 2.18 alveolar fi brosis, systemic sclerosis 51.93 36.55 allyl alcohol 25.21 in animals 2.18 alveolar ridges, bone loss in dystrophic amoxicillin 75.50 allylamines, topical 73.12 atopic dermatitis and 24.23 EB 39.19 amoxicillin–clavulanate, adverse effect in allysines 3.43 atopy and 66.31 amalgam see dental amalgam HIV infection 35.21 alopecia 66.13–14, 66.16–61 as autoimmune disease 66.31–2 amantadine 26.46, 75.88 AMP-protein kinase A (AMP-PKA) aetiology and 66.16–18 in autoimmune polyglandular amastia 70.2, 70.3 pathway 46.3, 46.4 age of onset and 66.16–17 syndromes 62.13 amaurosis fugax 50.43 amphetamines 44.18 androgenetic 8.23 clinical features 66.34–5, 66.36 amaurotic idiocy 44.18 abuse 64.13, 64.14 in adolescence 8.6 diabetes mellitus and 66.32 ambiguous external genitalia 71.56 adverse effects 69.21, 70.5, 75.86–8 caffeine (topical) retarding 73.49 differential diagnosis 36.27, 66.35–6 ambiphilic creams 73.7 amphibia female pattern 66.16, 66.17–18, 66.20, eyebrow hypoplasia 67.3 Amblyomma 30.58, 38.34, 38.35 glands 2.4 66.22, 66.24, 66.25–6 genetics 15.10, 66.31 Ambras syndrome 66.76 pigment cells 2.6 Hamilton–Norwood grading scale genitocrural 71.8 Ambrosia (ragweed) 26.10, 26.20, 26.75 skin 2.2 66.16, 66.17 greying of hair and 66.92, 66.93 amelanosis 58.9 skin infections 2.12 inheritance 66.18–19 in HIV infection 35.42, 66.2 amelo-cerebrohypohidrotic syndrome amphotericin B 74.46 limited frontoparietal 66.16 infection and 66.32 15.30 adverse effects 75.64 nomenclature 66.16 management 66.36 amelo-onychohypohidrotic dysplasia in blastomycosis 36.85 pathogenesis 66.19–21 nail involvement 66.35, 66.36 15.30 in candidiasis 36.68, 36.69 pathology 66.22–3 in other species 66.33 amelogenesis imperfecta 69.8 in chromoblastomycosis 36.76 role of androgens 66.13–14, 66.14–15, pathology 66.33, 66.34 amenorrhoea–galactorrhoea syndrome in coccidioidomycosis 36.86 66.16, 66.19–20 prognosis 66.36 66.83 in cryptococcosis 36.90–1 treatment 66.23–7 skin biopsy 10.43 American trypanosomiasis (Chagas’ in histoplasmosis 36.83 treatment, minoxidil 73.49–50 stress and 66.32 disease) see trypanosomiasis, lipid-associated 74.46 in animals 2.18–19 tacrolimus use and 73.32 American/South-American in penicilliosis 36.88 6 Index ampicillin hypoplastic, Fanconi’s anaemia 58.17 anchoring fi laments 3.26, 3.30 angioendothelioma, papillary adverse effects 75.22, 75.49–50 iron defi ciency 62.85 hemidesmosome complexes 3.32 intralymphatic (endovascular fi xed eruption 75.28 see also iron, defi ciency Ancylostoma brasiliense, perianal/perineal lymphatic) 56.32–3 in infectious mononucleosis 33.30, megaloblastic 62.85 infections 71.96 angioendotheliomatosis 75.15, 75.49 pigmentation changes 58.27 ancylostomiasis 22.10, 37.2, 37.14–15, malignant 50.46–7 in rosacea 43.6 pernicious 62.85, 69.116 37.16 reactive 56.24 AMPs see antimicrobial peptides pigmentation changes 58.17, 58.27, Anderson–Fabry disease (angiokeratoma angiofi broma 15.22 amputation 62.85 corporis diffusum) 59.34–8, cellular 56.8 amputation stump neuroma 56.45 sickle cell see sickle cell disease 62.68–9, 62.77, 63.11 laser therapy 78.14 intrauterine see amniotic bands/ sinus histiocytosis with massive aetiology 59.35 angiogenesis 47.1 adhesions lymphadenopathy (SHML) 55.29 bone and joint involvement 62.100 therapeutic, using gene therapy 47.6 in peripheral arterial disease 47.6, 47.8 anaerobic organisms sweat gland cellular inclusions in 44.18 VEGF increase and 8.21 stump pemphigoid 28.29 in normal skin fl ora 30.2 Androctonus 38.33 in wound healing 14.6–7 in thromboangiitis obliterans 47.8 venous leg ulcers 47.44 androgen(s) 74.32 angiography 47.4 amputees, mechanical injury 28.27–9 anaesthesia dolorosa 63.6 acne aetiology and 42.20–2 peripheral arterial disease 47.4 AMSA 75.133 anaesthetic, topical acneiform eruptions due to 42.72 angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy Amsler grid 45.23 in zoster and post-herpetic neuralgia adrenal production, inhibition, in acne (AILD) 57.51–3 AMSTAR (Assessment of Multiple 33.28 42.53 angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma Systematic Reviews) 7.16 see also local anaesthesia adverse effects 70.5, 75.119–20 57.51 Amsterdam dwarf see de Lange anaesthetic blockade, regional 47.11 in androgenetic alopecia (baldness) angiokeratoma 18.58–60, 47.15 syndrome anagen 3.7, 3.13, 3.21, 66.7, 66.10 66.13–14, 66.14–15, 66.16, of Fabry 47.13 amyldimethyl-p-aminobenzoate 25.19 in androgenetic alopecia 66.20 66.19–20 female genitalia 18.60, 71.55 amyloid proteins duration 66.9 circulating, mechanisms for reducing of Fordyce 18.59, 47.13 non-fi brillar 59.42 premature termination 66.16 42.15, 42.16 genitocrural 71.7–8 in notalgia paraesthetica 63.23 short 66.60 comedogenesis, role in 42.23 lysosomal storage disorders and 59.35 staining 10.10, 59.43 anagen effl uvium 66.16 excess, acne aetiology and 42.20, 42.22, male genitalia 18.59, 71.11, 71.12, 71.35 amyloidosis 59.42–57, 62.45 anagrelide 49.29 42.76 of Mibelli 18.58–9 anosacral 59.48 anakinra 22.24, 75.146 in gynaecomastia 70.4 solitary papular 18.59 biochemical nature of fi bril proteins cryopyrin-associated autoinfl ammatory hair growth and 66.13–16 of the vulva 18.60 59.43 syndromes 74.11 hirsutism and 66.81–2, 66.83 angiokeratoma circumscriptum 18.58 bone and joint involvement 62.105 recombinant IL-1 receptor antagonist mechanism of action on hair follicles angiokeratoma corporis diffusum see cardiac involvement 62.78 74.11 66.14–15 Anderson–Fabry disease clinical classifi cation 59.46 anal fi ssures 71.87, 71.89 ovarian production, inhibition, in acne angioleiomyoma 56.54–5 cutaneous anal fi stulae 71.87, 71.89 42.53 angiolipoma 46.44–5 anosacral 9.17 anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) 71.97 prophylactic, in hereditary angio- infi ltrating and non-infi ltrating types race and 9.17 HPV and 33.54–5 oedema 22.22 46.45 cutis dyschromica 59.48 anal leakage 71.85 sebaceous gland activity control 42.9– angiolymphoid hyperplasia with cutis laxa and 45.14 anal lesions, syphilis 34.7 11, 42.12 eosinophilia dialysis-related 59.57 analgesia activity inhibition 42.15, 42.16 epithelioid haemangioma 56.27–8, differential diagnosis 50.54 burns 28.79 sweating and 44.5 68.15–16 ear involvement 68.15 venous leg ulcers 47.49 synthesis and metabolism 66.14 foreign bodies 28.45–6 electron microscopy 10.30 analgesics, skin testing for reactions to acne and 42.20, 42.21 angioma 49.2 with familial Mediterranean fever 75.173 in skin 42.10, 42.12, 42.21 cherry (Campbell de Morgan) 47.13, 62.104 analytical studies 6.19 in women 66.81 47.15 gelsolin amyloidosis (AGel) 59.57 anamorph 36.2 transport proteins 66.81 eruptive 62.44 inherited systemic 59.57 anaphylactoid reactions androgen insensitivity syndrome 66.14, genetics 15.27 lichen amyloidosis 9.17, 59.46 drug reactions 75.12, 75.25–6 66.16 genitocrural 71.7–8 macular amyloidosis 9.17, 58.28, 59.46 non-allergic 22.1, 22.8, 75.12, 75.25–6, androgen receptor(s) 42.21 glomeruloid 62.44 myeloma-associated 59.50–5, 62.70, 75.153 in acne 42.21, 42.23 hereditary neurocutaneous 18.79 62.93 anaphylatoxin C5a 12.24–5 androgenetic alopecia and 66.14 sclerosing see fi brous histiocytoma treatment 59.55 anaphylatoxins 13.2, 13.4 blockers (antiandrogens), acne vulgaris spider see spider angioma oral involvement 69.114–15, 69.116, anaphylaxis treatment 42.53–4 sudoriparous 18.16, 44.9 69.117 to arthropod bites/stings 38.1, 38.3, gene (Stu1) 8.23, 66.18–19 tufted 18.54–5, 18.56 pigmentation changes 58.28 38.6, 38.14–15 hair growth and 66.14 angioma serpiginosum 47.16–17 primary 59.50–5, 62.70 defi nition 22.1 in sebaceous glands 42.4, 42.10 angiomatoid fi brous histiocytoma scleroderma-like lesions 51.79 drug-induced 75.5, 75.8, 75.16–17, androstenedione 8.8, 8.19, 42.10 56.19–20 treatment 59.55 75.17, 75.25–6, 75.48–9 hirsutism and 66.81 angiomatosis primary localized cutaneous 59.44–9 atopic dermatitis and 24.23 5α-androsterol 44.2 bacillary see bacillary angiomatosis nodular PLCA 59.49 topically applied drugs 26.44 5α-androsterone 44.2 diffuse dermal 5.10, 70.17 treatment 59.49 in dystrophic EB 39.29 Anemone 25.21 angiomyofi broblastoma 56.7–8 psoriasis and 20.19 exercise-induced 22.15 anethole 26.17 angiomyxoma purpura due to 49.15, 49.18 food-dependent exercise-induced 22.8 anetoderma 45.17–19, 57.43 aggressive 56.60 respiratory tract involvement 62.83 in general anaesthesia 75.153 with granuloma annulare 60.7 superfi cial 56.59 secondary localized cutaneous (PLCA) to latex 26.105 of prematurity 17.11 angioneurotic oedema see angio-oedema 59.50 in mastocytosis 22.35 primary 45.17 angio-oedema secondary systemic 59.56 non-allergic 22.1, 22.8, 75.12, 75.25–6, secondary 45.17 acquired 13.18–19 serum amyloid P component (SAP) 75.153 aneuploidy 15.2 cholinergic 22.15 59.42–3 prick testing and 22.26 aneurin 59.62 defi ciency of C1 esterase inhibitor skin biopsy 10.42 prodromal symptoms 22.8 aneurysm (C1INH). 12.49 systemic 59.50 treatment 22.8, 22.29, 22.35, 75.176 abdominal aortic 47.2 defi nition 22.1 in dystrophic EB 39.19–20 antihistamines 74.31 cirsoid 56.26–7, 65.35–6 differential diagnosis 26.29 inherited 59.57 anaplasia 10.37 tertiary syphilis 34.14 drug-induced 75.26 anabolic steroids 74.32 Anaplasma phagocytophilum 30.58, 30.59, Angelman’s syndrome, hypopigmentation episodic with eosinophilia 22.23 acneiform eruptions due to 42.72 50.76 58.42 in hepatitis B virus infection 62.59 adverse effects 70.5, 75.119 anaplastic large cell lymphoma 57.31–3 angel’s kiss (salmon patch) 18.62–3 hereditary 22.21–2 keloids and 45.54 anaplastic lymphoma kinase 10.25 angina bullosa haemorrhagica 69.22, erythema preceding 62.107 Anacardiaceae 26.2, 26.75 anatomy, of skin 3.1–53 69.84, 69.100 LE-like disease 51.17 anaemia 62.85 Anatrichosoma cutaneum 37.16 oral involvement 69.65 oral involvement 69.33, 69.117 aplastic 69.116 ANCA see antineutrophil cytoplasmic angioblastoma 46.36 screening for 13.18, 22.26 chronic, persistent parvovirus B19 antibodies giant cell 56.32 idiopathic 22.20–1 infection 33.63 ANCA-related glomerulonephritis 51.111 angiocentric lymphoma, EBV-positive kinin cascade and 13.4 in dystrophic EB 39.29 anchoring fi brils 3.26, 3.30, 3.32–3, 3.33 57.40–1 in loiasis 37.11 Fanconi’s see Fanconi’s anaemia/ collagen type VII 3.32, 3.35–6 angiodermatitis, disseminated management 22.29 syndrome reduction, dystrophic EB 39.15–16, pruriginous 49.24–5 antihistamines 74.31 haemolytic see haemolytic anaemia 39.16, 39.25 angiodyskinesia 47.11 oral involvement 69.107–8

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–24.34; Volume 2, pp. 25.1–44.22; Volume 3, pp. 45.1–62.113; Volume 4, pp. 63.1–80.14 Index 7

in ordinary urticaria 22.5 skin grafts 2.7–8 Anthocoris 38.25 toxic epidermal necrolysis 76.13 in parvovirus B19 infection 33.63 topical corticosteroid effi cacy anthothecol 26.79 urticaria 22.8, 22.10, 75.26 pathophysiology 22.5 assessment 73.16 Anthozoa 38.56 vasculitis 50.17, 50.18 periorbital oedema 67.5 see also animal(s) anthralin see dithranol in anthrax 30.41 ulcerative colitis and 62.50 animal testing 25.9, 26.12 anthrax 30.25, 30.40–1 in atopic dermatitis 21.13, 24.29 in urticarial vasculitis 22.19 anisakiasis 22.8 Anthrenus 38.27 in botryomycosis 30.68 vibratory 22.13, 22.15, 28.58 anistreplase 75.107 anthropometry, HIV lipodystrophy 46.42 in brucellosis 30.56 without weals 22.2, 22.20–1 ankle fl are, venous 47.14, 47.33 anthroquinone dyes 26.65–6 in candidiasis 36.68, 36.69 angioplasty ankle–brachial Doppler pressure index anti-C1q antibodies 13.22, 22.81 in cellulitis 30.19–20 claudication management 47.5 47.3 anti-CD3 antibodies 13.23 in chancroid 30.47, 34.35 rest pain and gangrene 47.6 in neuropathic ulcers 63.9 anti-CTLA-4 antibodies, melanoma contraceptive pill interactions 42.51–2 angiopoietin-2 48.2 ankle–brachial index 47.3, 47.47 management 54.54 cytotoxic 75.126–8 angiosarcoma 56.37–40 ankle–brachial systolic gradient 47.3 anti-desmoglein antibodies 69.64–5 in diphtheria 30.37 epithelioid 56.40–1 ankyloblepharon–ectodermal dysplasia– anti-DNase 30.13 in ecthyma 30.17 pinna 68.34 clefting (AEC) syndrome 15.30, anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies in erysipelas 30.19–20 angiotensin 12.25 15.61–3 13.19 in erythrasma 30.83 angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) ankyloglossia 69.36–7 anti-EGF receptor inhibitors, acneiform in furunculosis 30.24 3.52, 13.4, 63.2 ankylosing spondylitis eruptions due to 42.72 in gas gangrene 30.44 inhibitors see ACE inhibitors, adverse genetics 15.9 anti-EGFR therapy 75.132–3 in gonococcal infection 30.46 effects radiotherapy and non-melanoma skin anti-Hu antibodies 13.20 in gonorrhoea 34.28 in sarcoidosis 61.20 cancer due to 52.5 anti-irritants 25.25 in granuloma inguinale 30.62, 34.37 angiotensin II receptor antagonists ankylosymblepharon 76.18 anti-La/SSB antibodies 49.19 in Hailey–Hailey disease 39.35–6 adverse effects 75.94 annelid worms, chaetae 2.2 in neonatal lupus erythematosus 10.18, ‘happenstance’ therapy, in syphilis in angio-oedema 22.21 annellides 36.3, 36.4 17.16 34.12 in Marfan’s syndrome 45.31 annexins II and IV, antibodies 49.6 in Sjögren’s syndrome 51.137 in hidradenitis suppurativa 30.81 angry back syndrome 23.6, 26.88, 26.95 annular epidermolytic ichthyosis 19.31 anti-Lag antibodies 55.4 in impetigo 30.16 angular artery 77.2, 77.3 annular erythema 62.106–13 anti-Müllerian duct hormone (AMH) 8.2 inadvertent, syphilis decline due to anhidrosis 44.13–15 associated with extractable nuclear anti-myeloperoxidase antibodies 50.9 34.12 in Horner’s syndrome 63.22 antigens 62.109 anti-NADase 30.13 in invasive otitis externa 68.26 anidulomycin 74.48 drug-induced 75.23–4 anti-PR3 antibodies 50.9 in leptospirosis 30.66 animal(s) of infancy 62.108–9 anti-Ri antibodies 13.20 in Lyme disease 30.65–6, 62.106 acrodermatitis enteropathica 2.17 neutrophilic and vascular 62.112–13 anti-RNP antibodies, prognosis in mixed in lymphoedema 48.24 alopecia 2.18–19 recurrent with purpura 62.112 connective tissue diseases 51.111 in lymphogranuloma venereum 30.71, chromatophores and melanocytes 2.5–6 in Sjögren’s syndrome 62.109 anti-Ro/SSA antibodies 49.19, 51.49, 34.33 colours and pigments 2.5–7 Sweet’s disease-like 51.135 51.54, 51.105 mechanism of action, in acne 42.48 cutaneous features of systemic disease annular lichenoid dermatitis of youth annular erythema and 62.109 in melioidosis 30.50–1 2.17–18 41.13 epitope 51.137 in meningococcal infection 30.44 disease relationship to human disease annular purpura, mechanical injury 28.31 in neonatal lupus erythematosus napkin dermatitis and 17.24 2.7–8 annular scaling 5.7 17.16 in nocardiosis 30.77 differences from human diseases 2.9, annulus migrans 69.94 in pregnancy 51.50 oral 2.20–3, 2.22 anodontia 69.6, 69.7 in Sjögren’s syndrome 51.22, 51.136 acne vulgaris treatment 42.46–9, similarities with human diseases 2.9, anogenital intraepithelial neoplasia 33.46 in subacute cutaneous lupus 42.54, 42.63 2.9 anogenital pilonidal sinus 28.49–50 erythematosus 10.18 adverse effects 42.47 without similar human disease 2.20– anogenital region in vasculitis 51.136 topical vs, in acne 42.41 3, 2.21 allergic contact dermatitis 26.18–19, anti-SSA (Ro) antibodies see anti-Ro/SSA in otitis externa 68.25 epidermis and dermis 2.3 26.29 antibodies P. acnes resistance 42.41–2, 42.43 glands 2.4 hidradenoma papilliferum 53.20–1 anti-SSB (La) antibodies see anti-La/SSB prophylactic, in human bites 38.61 metabolism and reactions to hyperpigmentation 71.2–3 antibodies in psittacosis 30.72 therapeutics 2.9 hypopigmentation 71.2–3 anti-TGF-β1 antibodies 66.20 in relapsing fever 30.64 pigment cells 2.5–7 intertrigo 71.2–3 anti-TNF-α 46.20 resistance 30.9 skin diseases 2.8–19 itching 71.1–2 adverse effects 75.145 P. acnes 42.41–2, 42.43 atopic dermatitis 2.13–14 lesions 71.65 in toxic epidermal necrolysis 76.20–1 in rhinoscleroma 30.53 bacterial infection 2.11–12 leukoplakia 71.3 anti-TNF agents in rickettsial infections 30.74 bullous disorders 2.14–15 mammary-like glands, tumours adverse effects 31.30, 50.49 in rosacea 43.2, 43.6, 43.7 cicatricial pemphigoid 2.15 53.37–8 genetic factors in response to 11.16 in Salmonella infection 30.48 dermatitis 2.13–14 Paget’s disease 53.40–1 anti-U1RNP antibodies 62.109 in sycosis 30.25 dermatomyositis 2.15–16 pruritus 71.1–2 anti-Yo antibodies 13.20 in syphilis 34.22 drug eruptions 2.17 trauma 28.37–8 antiandrogens 42.53, 74.32–3 topical 73.9–12 epidermolysis bullosa acquisita 2.15 ulcers 71.3–4 acne vulgaris treatment 42.53–4 acne treatment 42.39, 42.41–3, 73.9, erythema multiforme 2.16 warts see wart(s), anogenital adverse effects 42.53, 75.120 73.10 fungal infections 2.12–13 zoster 33.25 allergy 26.46 adverse effects 75.61 immune-mediated 2.14–16 anonychia 65.9 gynaecomastia 70.4, 70.5 benzoyl peroxide with, in acne lupus erythematosus 2.16 with bizarre fl exural pigmentation photosensitivity 75.31 42.41 mast cell tumour 2.22–3 15.31 in androgenetic alopecia 66.24, 66.25–6 epidermolysis bullosa management mechanobullous 2.17 congenital 65.18–19 comedogenesis reduction 42.23–4 39.28 neoplastic 2.19–20 with ectrodactylia 65.18 in hirsutism 66.87–8 sebum production, effect 42.16 parasitic diseases 2.9–11 following lichen planus 65.29 antiapoptotic proteins 33.11 sensitization by 73.9 pemphigus 2.15 anonychia–onychodystrophy with antibiotics staphylococcal infections 73.9, 73.10, pruritic diseases 2.9, 2.10, 2.11, 2.13 brachydactyly type b and in acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans 73.11 psoriasis 2.14 ectrodactyly 15.31 45.10 wound healing and 14.21 therapeutics, differences from Anopheles see mosquitoes in actinomycosis 30.76 in tularaemia 30.54 humans 2.9 anophthalmia 67.4 adverse effects 75.47–61 venous leg ulcers and 47.49 toxic epidermal necrolysis 2.16 anorexia nervosa 21.16, 64.21–2, 66.65 acute generalized exanthematous in wound infection 14.16 vasculitis and panniculitis 2.16 acne and 42.34 pustulosis 75.34 antibodies see also animal models; individual types hypertrichosis in 66.78 allergic contact dermatitis 26.45, adverse drug reactions mediated by of animals pellagra 59.64 26.46 75.17 animal colours 2.5, 2.6–7 ANOTHER syndrome 62.13 anaphylaxis 75.5, 75.25 autoimmune see autoantibodies animal models anoxia 47.26 epidermolysis bullosa acquisita defects of production 17.70–3 alopecia areata 2.18 ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide) 63.3 75.40 defi ciencies 17.70, 17.84 comedogenesis 42.23 anterior lid margin disease (ALMD) 67.12 erythema multiforme 76.3, 76.4 idiotypic 13.10 human disease relationship 2.7–8 anthelmintics oral antibiotics 42.47 in vivo measurement of responses 17.56 interleukin-8 (IL-8) synthesis 2.8 adverse effects 75.71 pemphigus 75.38 maternal 13.15 psoriasis 2.8 see also specifi c agents photosensitivity 75.31 monoclonal see monoclonal antibodies pyoderma gangrenosum-like disease Anthemis 25.21 Stevens–Johnson syndrome 76.4, tests for 13.18 2.8 Anthocoridae 38.25 76.11 see also specifi c antibodies/antigens 8 Index anticardiolipin antibodies 49.29, 49.40, immunofl uorescence techniques 10.12, atypical (X-/snowdrift-/a-ANCA) HIV-associated lipodystrophy 35.22, 51.63 10.13 13.20, 50.8 46.42 in deep-vein thrombosis 47.28 nuclear 13.19–20 C-ANCA 13.20, 50.8, 50.9 in HIV infection 35.5–8 detection 49.40 presentation 13.9–10, 17.50–1 detection 13.20 initiation 35.6 lupus anticoagulant and 51.63 abnormal, UVR effect 29.5 G-ANCA 50.8 immune reconstitution (infl ammatory) in Sneddon’s syndrome 49.43 role in vasculitis 50.4–5 lactoferrin-ANCA 50.9 syndrome 35.46 transplacental transfer 49.51 T-dependent 13.10 in microscopic polyangiitis 50.36, 62.83 novel, in HIV infection 35.6 anticholinergics T-independent (TI) 13.10 P-ANCA 13.20, 50.8, 50.9 see also highly-active antiretroviral adverse effects 26.17 antigen 5 38.14 in pyoderma gangrenosum 50.66 therapy topical 73.9 antigen-presenting cells (APCs) 4.8, 13.6– in Sweet’s syndrome 50.76 antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) 20.59 in hyperhidrosis 44.11, 73.9 7, 17.50, 55.4–5 in vasculitis 50.2, 50.3, 50.6, 50.7, anti-SRP (signal recognition particle) anticoagulant pathways 49.38 in atopic dermatitis 24.13–15 50.8–10 51.128 antithrombin III–heparin/heparan B cells as 13.7 in Wegener’s granulomatosis 50.39 antiseptics 73.14–15 49.38 dermal dendritic cells as 3.19, 55.4 antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody allergy to 26.46 lupus anticoagulant 49.39 effect of antimalarials 74.25 (ANCA)-associated vasculitis effect on normal bacterial fl ora 30.4 thrombomodulin–protein C/S 49.38–9 effects of UV radiation on 13.28, 13.29 74.8, 74.18 effi cacy 73.14 anticoagulants function 13.9–10 antinuclear antibodies in epidermolysis bullosa 39.28 adverse effects 75.104–7 Langerhans’ cells as 3.17, 3.18, 13.9, detection 13.19–20, 13.21, 51.53 in Hailey–Hailey disease 39.35 in deep-vein thrombosis 47.29, 47.30 55.4–5 in lupus panniculitis 46.25 in impetigo 30.16 in Klippel–Trenaunay syndrome in lymph nodes 13.8–9 minocycline-induced lupus-like use before topical antibiotics 73.9 47.24 macrophages as 3.19, 13.5, 55.4 reaction 42.51 wound healing and 14.21 see also specifi c drugs see also dendritic cells; histiocytes in Sneddon’s syndrome 49.43 antistreptolysin-O 30.13 anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome antigen–antibody reaction 49.18 in systemic sclerosis 51.89 antisynthetase antibodies, `mechanic’s see DRESS syndrome antihistamines 21.4, 21.17, 21.18, 74.31, in Waldenström’s macroglobulinaemia hands’ 51.125 anticonvulsants 75.149–50, H1, H2 49.19 antisynthetase syndrome 62.82 adverse effects 75.83–6 adverse effects 22.29, 26.17, 26.46, antinuclear antibody-negative SLE antithrombin III 49.38 acneiform eruptions 42.72 75.148–50 51.56 disorders 49.38 DRESS syndrome 23.47, 75.18–19, in atopic dermatitis 21.13, 24.29 antinuclear factor, on Hep-2 cells 51.53 antithymocyte globulin, familial 75.26–7, 75.83, 76.10 in carcinoid syndrome 43.19 antioestrogens 74.33, 75.119 haemophagocytic erythema multiforme 76.3, 76.4 in delayed pressure urticaria 22.14 antioxidants 26.59, 26.63 lymphohistiocytosis 55.26 hyperpigmentation 69.97 in dermographism 22.14 in prevention of ageing 80.3 antithyroid antibodies 62.11 α pseudolymphoma 75.44 dose range and evidence level 74.31 reduced levels, rosacea 43.2 1-antitrypsin, urticaria and 22.4 α Stevens–Johnson syndrome 76.4, H1 in vegetable oils for topical therapy 1-antitrypsin defi ciency 76.11 adverse effects 75.148–9 73.6 MZ phenotype 46.20 toxic epidermal necrolysis 76.12–13 second-generation 22.28, 22.29 antiparasitic agents 74.50–1 panniculitis 46.20–1 vasculitis 50.17, 50.18 in Hymenoptera stings 38.14 topical 73.13–14 respiratory tract involvement 62.80 in post-herpetic neuralgia 63.7 in lichen planus 41.18 antiparietal cell antibodies 62.85 vasculitis and 50.11, 50.53 antidepressants 64.50–1 as local anaesthetics 77.11 antiperspirants 73.9 ZZ phenotype 46.20 adverse effects 75.78–9 in mastocytosis 22.35 allergy to 26.18 antituberculous drugs 74.44–5 in post-herpetic neuralgia 63.7 non-sedating (second-generation) 74.32 types and indications 73.9 antitumour agents, hypermelanosis due psychocutaneous disorders in pregnancy 22.29 antiphospholipid antibodies 49.40–2 to 58.30 body dysmorphic disorder in pruritus 21.17, 21.18 in APLS/ lupus anticoagulant antiviral agents 64.20 in psychogenic pruritus 64.23 syndrome 49.40–2 adverse effects 26.46, 75.66–9 lichen simplex 64.27 in scombroid fi sh poisoning 43.16 in Degos’ disease 49.45 antiretrovirals see antiretroviral agents pruritus 64.23–4 in solar urticaria 29.19 detection 49.40 systemic 74.48–50 skin picking 64.28 topical 73.13 lupus anticoagulant 51.63 topical 73.15 SSRIs see selective serotonin reuptake atopic eye disease treatment 67.15 primary anetoderma and 45.17 wart treatment 33.50 inhibitors (SSRIs) in urticaria 22.28–9 in Sneddon’s syndrome 49.43 see also specifi c agents starting therapy 64.50 antihistone antibodies 51.54 in vasculitis 50.4 antlers 2.3 switching drugs 64.51 minocycline-induced lupus-like antiphospholipid antibody syndrome Antoni A areas 56.46 tricyclic see tricyclic antidepressants reaction 42.51 (APLS) 49.39, 49.40–2, 51.63 Antoni B areas 56.46 see also amitriptyline antihypertensives 75.92–7 autoantigen 49.41 ants 38.14 antidiuretic hormone (ADH) anti-infl ammatory agents, systemic agents cardiac involvement 62.78 anus (vasopressin) 75.98 74.2–3 catastrophic 49.40, 49.41, 49.51 anomalous papillae 18.95 sweat production and 44.6 antilipoprotein antibodies 55.22 children 49.51 see also entries beginning anal, anogenital antiendothelial cell antibodies 51.104, antimalarials 74.25–6 clinical features 49.41 anxiety 51.111 adverse effects 51.20, 75.69–71 coagulation mechanisms 49.40 acne and 42.35 in polyarteritis nodosa 50.33 hypermelanosis 58.30 cutaneous fi ndings 49.41 lichen planus association 41.3 in thromboangiitis obliterans 47.7 hyperpigmentation 69.97, 75.33 diagnostic criteria 49.41 anxiolytic drugs 64.52, 75.80–2 in vasculitis 50.7–8 nail colour changes 65.16 fi bromuscular dysplasia with 49.48 aortic aneurysm 45.30 antiepileptic drugs see anticonvulsants ocular 67.31 idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura aortic arch syndrome (Takayasu’s antiepiligrin mucous membrane antiphospholipid syndrome therapy and 49.9 arteritis) 50.44–5 pemphigoid 40.39 49.42 primary, secondary 49.40 aortic incompetence 45.30 antifi larial drugs, fi larial lymphoedema discoid lupus erythematosus treatment respiratory tract involvement 62.82 aortitis 48.24 51.20–1 therapy 49.41–2 due to Salmonella 50.55 antifungal agents dose range and evidence level 74.26 antiplatelet agents syphilis 34.14 adverse effects 26.46, 75.64–6, 76.4 in polymorphic light eruption 29.12 antiphospholipid syndrome therapy aortitis syndrome (Takayasu’s arteritis) azelaic acid as 73.28 antimetabolites 75.128–31 49.41–2 50.44–5 in candidiasis 36.67–8 in cicatrizing conjunctivitis 67.23 claudication management 47.5 aortofemoral bypass 47.5–6 in chromoblastomycosis 36.76 antimicrobial agents in dermatomyositis 51.129 APAD (amicrobial pustulosis associated in dermatophytoses 36.47–9 as allergens 26.49–58 in erythromelalgia 47.10 with autoimmune diseases) in Hailey–Hailey disease 39.35 systemic agents 74.38–50 purpura due to 49.4 50.90 in lymphoedema 48.22 see also antibiotics; antifungal agents; antiplatelet antibodies 49.6 APCs see antigen-presenting cells in otitis externa 68.25 antiviral agents antipolysaccharide antibody 13.15 APECED syndrome 13.13, 15.31, 36.64, in pityriasis versicolor 36.12 antimicrobial dressings 14.24 antiprothombin antibodies, Sneddon’s 62.13 resistance to 36.50 antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) 4.1, 4.5–6, syndrome 49.43 Apert’s syndrome 15.90, 42.70–1, 68.4 systemic 74.46–8 4.6, 12.5–7 antipsychotic drugs 64.51–2, 75.82 acne and 42.61, 42.70–1 topical 73.12–13 cathelicidins 12.5 atypical 64.16, 64.52 comedo naevus and 18.11 antigen(s) defensins 12.4–5 antiretroviral agents cutaneous changes 42.71 acne pathogenesis 42.26, 42.27 secreted by skin 3.16 action 74.49 aphthae 69.14 in arthropod venom 38.1–2 antimitochondrial antibodies 62.62 adverse effects 35.6–7, 35.21, 35.21–2, benign, female genitalia 71.65–6 complete/conjugated 26.5–6, 26.11 antimony, pentavalent 74.51 70.4, 75.67–9, 76.3, 76.4, 76.11, defi nition 5.7 endogenous 4.8 antineoplastic drugs, topical 73.23–6 76.13 recurrent aphthous stomatitis 69.44–6, exogenous 4.8 antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies oral 35.44 69.48 immunoenzyme methods 10.15–16 (ANCA) 51.104 toxic neuropathy 63.12 secondary syphilis vs 34.12

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–24.34; Volume 2, pp. 25.1–44.22; Volume 3, pp. 45.1–62.113; Volume 4, pp. 63.1–80.14 Index 9

see also oral cavity, ulcers; recurrent Aqueous Cream BP 73.2, 73.7, 73.31, differential diagnosis 47.4–5 arthropods 37.2, 38.1–55 aphthous stomatitis 73.48 investigations 47.3–4 bites/stings 38.1–5 aphthoviruses 33.71 in eczema 23.38 prognosis 47.5 as disease vectors 38.2 Apidae see bees aqueous creams 73.7 risk factors 47.2 exoskeleton 2.2 apigenin 66.97 Araçatuba virus 33.8 treatment 47.5–6 in the external auditory canal 68.11 Apis see bees Araceae 25.21 arterial dissections, lentiginosis with mechanism of skin injury 38.1–2 Apium graveolens 75.162 arachidonic acid 58.14 pool feeders 38.1 aplasia cutis congenita 18.98–106 metabolism, excessive, diclofenac action arterial priapism 71.51 retained mouthparts 38.2 differential diagnosis 18.106 73.25 arterial ulceration 47.52–4 susceptibility to infestation/attack 38.2 with epidermolysis bullosa 18.101 pathway 13.4 arterial vessels 3.51 vessel feeders 38.1 see also Bart’s syndrome synthesis 73.17 venous vessels vs 3.52 see also specifi c classes and animals with fetus papyraceus 18.100–1 arachis oil 73.6 arteries Arthus phenomenon/reaction 75.17 following intrauterine infection 18.102 Arachnia propionica 30.75 calcifi cation 47.8–9 artifi cial hair implantation 28.50 isolated localized to the extremities Arachnida 37.2, 38.30–54 calibre-persistent 69.129 artifi cial tears, in rosacea 43.7 18.101–2 arachnidism 38.30–2 occlusion, Degos’ disease 49.45 artists, occupational hazards 27.18 in malformation syndromes 18.102–6 arachnodactyly in pseudoxanthoma elasticum 45.21, aryl sulphatase defi ciency 19.13 overlying developmental malformation congenital contractural 45.30–1 45.22 asbestos, acnegenicity 27.13, 42.77 18.100 in Marfan’s syndrome 45.30 thickening of walls 47.2 Ascaris 37.1, 37.2–3 scalp Araneae (spiders) 38.30–3 venous vessels vs 3.52 Ascher’s syndrome 45.21, 69.38 with epidermal naevi 18.100 Arao–Perkins bodies 66.21 arteriogenesis 47.1 ascoma 36.3 with limb reduction abnormalities arbor vitae 26.80 arteriography, peripheral arterial ascomycin see pimecrolimus 18.68, 18.99–100 Arcanobacterium haemolyticum 30.37 disorders 47.4 Ascomycota 36.2, 36.3, 36.18 non-syndromic 18.98–9 Archaeopsylla erinacei 2.3 arteriolar disorders 47.1–12 ascorbic acid see vitamin C teratogen-induced 18.102 Archives of Dermatology, Evidence-based arterioles 3.51 ascospores 36.3 treatment 18.106 Dermatology 7.6 spider telangiectases 47.15 ascus 36.3 Apligraf area of burn assessment 28.77–9 arteriosclerosis 47.2 ash-leaf-shaped macules 15.22 use in dystrophic EB 39.30 areca nut chewing 69.106–7 arteriovenous abnormalities ashy dermatosis 30.63 see also skin equivalents AREDYLD syndrome 15.29, 70.3 malformation see arteriovenous ashy dermatosis of Ramirez 58.33–4 APLS see antiphospholipid antibody arenaviruses, and Arenaviridae 33.3, 33.66, malformations (AVMs) L-asparaginase 75.132 syndrome 33.67, 33.68, 33.69 periungual/subungual 65.35–6 aspartame sweetener 75.159 apocrine sweat glands 3.12–13, 44.1, 44.2 areola 70.1 arteriovenous fi stulae 47.3, 47.21 lobular panniculitis associated 46.14 ageing and 8.24 atopic dermatitis 70.9–10 acquired 47.21 aspartate 22.11 anatomy and physiology 44.18–19 basal cell carcinoma 70.15 congenital 47.21 aspartylglucosaminuria 59.34 axillary 44.19 biopsy 10.32 iatrogenic 47.21 aspergillosis, primary cutaneous 49.35 carcinoma 53.21–2, 53.33–7 blue 70.13 pulmonary 47.17, 47.18 Aspergillus control of 44.2 hyperkeratosis 70.8–9 signs and effects 47.21 cutaneous lesions 36.92, 49.35 cylindroma 53.28–9 melanoma 70.15 traumatic 47.21 identifi cation 36.8 ectopic 44.18 mucinosis 70.17 arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) oral infection 69.79–80, 69.118 excretory duct 3.12, 53.1 neurofi bromatosis 70.17 18.61–2, 18.79, 47.21–3 otitis externa 68.21 carcinoma 53.32 in pregnancy 70.1 hepatic 47.18 invasive otitis externa 68.25 functions 3.3, 44.2 sebaceous hyperplasia 70.13 hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia otomycosis 36.17, 68.27 hidradenoma papilliferum 53.20–1 seborrhoeic warts 70.15 47.17 sarcoidosis and 61.17 hidrocystoma (cystadenoma) 53.18–19 supernumerary 18.92–3 arteriovenous shunts 47.21 Aspergillus fumigatus 49.35 mixed tumour of skin 53.30–2 telangiectasia 70.13 arteritic ulcers 51.132 Aspergillus penicilloides 38.47 of Moll 67.2 variations in 70.1 arteritis Aspergillus terreus 36.55 in pregnancy 8.10 Argasidae 38.33–5 cranial see giant cell arteritis asphyxia, purpura due to 49.14 secretory coil 3.12, 44.19 argentaffi noma 43.17 lymphocytic thrombophilic 50.51–2 asphyxia reticularis multiplex see livedo cystic dilatation 53.18 Argentinian haemorrhagic fever 33.69 macular 50.51 reticularis spiradenoma see spiradenoma arginine 66.6 in rheumatoid arthritis 51.132 aspirin structure 3.12 argininosuccinic aciduria 66.67 Takayasu’s 50.44–5 adverse effects 75.72 syringocystadenoma papilliferum Argonaute-2 protein 11.7 arthralgia urticaria 22.8, 22.10, 75.26 53.19–20 Argyll Robertson pupils 33.26, 63.15 in connective tissue disorders 62.103 challenge test 22.26 tubular adenoma 53.21 argyria 58.54, 75.33, 75.102 in disseminated gonococcal infection claudication management 47.5 tumours 53.18–22, 53.27 earlobe 68.8 34.27 in Kawasaki disease 50.46 apocrinitis see hidradenitis suppurativa nail colour in 65.16 in Henoch–Schönlein purpura 50.20 low-dose 49.29 Apocyanaceae 26.79, 26.80 pigmentation due to 58.54 in Lyme disease 62.105 in male genital conditions 71.27 APOD (acute papular onchodermatitis) skin biopsy 10.42 in palisading neutrophilic and in mastocytosis 22.35 37.5 aribofl avinosis 59.62 granulomatous dermatitis 62.103 in platelet function disorders 49.13 apoeccrine sweat glands 3.12, 44.1, 44.3 aripiprazole 64.52 in Reiter’s syndrome 62.105 surgical complications and 77.9 Apoidea see bees aristolochic acid 75.160 in Sweet’s syndrome 62.103 in venous leg ulceration 47.49 β apolipoprotein H ( 2-GPI) 49.40, 49.41 armadillo proteins 3.22 in urticarial vasculitis 22.19 assassin bugs 37.31, 38.25–6 apolipoproteins 59.82 ‘armchair legs’ 48.14, 48.21 vasculitis and 62.102 Assessment of Multiple Systematic isoforms of apo E 59.89 armed forces, skin disease and 8.8 in Whipple’s disease 62.105 Reviews 7.16 apomorphine 75.88 arms arthritis Assessment of the Psychosocial Effects of apomucin, extramammary Paget’s disease allergic contact dermatitis 26.15–16, in connective tissue disorders 62.103 Acne (APSEA) 42.35 53.40 26.29 in Lyme disease 30.64, 30.65 Assessments of the Psychological and apopilosebaceous unit 3.13 lymphoedema 48.12, 48.13 in multicentric reticulohistiocytosis Social Effects of Acne apoptosis 10.37 occupational dermatoses 27.3 62.104 questionnaire 72.20 in catagen 66.11 Arndt–Gottron syndrome see nail dystrophy and 65.25 associations, skin disease 6.11, 6.18 defects 17.50 scleromyxoedema psoriatic 62.103 ASST (autologous serum skin test) 22.9 and infl ammation 12.11–12 Arnold–Chiari malformation 18.95 HIV infection 35.17 asteatotic eczema (eczema craquelé) 8.27, keratinocytes 12.12 aromatherapy 26.40, 72.32, 75.160, 75.162 rheumatoid see rheumatoid arthritis 23.6–7, 47.34 lymphocyte activation and 13.11 arrector pili 3.1, 66.2, 66.3 suppurative, gonococci causing ear 68.14 necrosis vs 12.12 arsenic 75.99–100 34.27–8 generalized 23.7 sebocytes 42.15 basal cell carcinoma due to 52.20 in varicella 33.25 hands 23.20 apoptotic cells (sunburn cells) 29.5 Bowen’s disease and 52.32, 52.33, 52.35 vasculitis and 62.102 old age and 8.27 appetite stimulants 75.89 hypermelanosis due to 58.29, 58.30 arthritis mutilans 20.56, 62.104 astemizole 22.29, 75.148–9 appetite suppressants 46.8, 75.89 as irritant 25.21 arthrochalasis multiplex congenita 45.32, Asteraceae see Compositae scleroderma-like lesions 51.81 non-melanoma skin cancers 52.4, 52.20 45.35 asteroid bodies 36.70, 36.71, 61.4 apraclonidine 26.46 pigmentation induced by 65.16 arthroconidia 36.3, 36.4, 36.15, 36.16, asthma apronalide 75.17, 75.23 arsenical keratosis 52.29, 52.34–5, 62.47 36.20, 36.37, 36.85 in carcinoid syndrome 43.18 APUDoma 43.17 arsenicalism, chronic 52.33 Arthroderma 36.18 in Churg–Strauss syndrome 50.41 aquagenic syringeal acrokeratoderma arterial disease, peripheral 47.1–12 Arthroderma benhamiae 36.2 astichiasis 67.4 19.115 aetiology 47.1–2, 47.5 arthrogryposis and ectodermal dysplasia astringents 73.15–16 aquaplast 77.17 clinical features 47.2–3 15.31 astrocytosis, malignant 55.32–3 10 Index

AT see ataxia telangiectasia (AT; Louis- immune function and 24.6–10, 24.13–15 occupation and 27.2 in lichen planus pemphigoides 41.21 Bar syndrome) immunodefi ciency and 17.53 patch test 23.37 in mucous membrane pemphigoid atabrine see mepacrine infantile phase 24.19–20 perioral dermatitis and 43.11 40.36 ataxia, in tabes dorsalis 63.15 infantile seborrhoeic dermatitis and sarcoidosis and 61.6 organ-specifi c 13.21 ataxia telangiectasia (AT; Louis–Bar 24.22 atorvastatin 75.157 in pemphigus 40.8 syndrome) 13.13, 18.80, 47.18– infection and 24.12–13, 24.24 ATP2A2 gene, mutations in Darier’s in SLE 51.29 19, 62.28, 69.117 interleukins and 21.5 disease 39.32, 39.33 in thromboangiitis obliterans 47.7 genetics 13.11 intrauterine factors 24.5 ATP2C1 gene transplacental transfer 17.15–19 immunodefi ciency and 17.67–8 investigations 24.27–8 expression 39.33 type IV collagen (α3 chain) 3.27 necrobiosis lipoidica and 60.15 light-exacerbated, differential diagnosis mutations in Hailey–Hailey disease in urticaria 13.21–2, 22.9 respiratory tract involvement 62.80 29.12 39.1, 39.32, 39.33 see also specifi c autoantibodies atazanavir, HIV infection 35.6 Malassezia and 24.11, 36.13 segmental Hailey–Hailey disease autoantigen complementarity hypothesis, atenolol 46.45, 75.91 male genitalia 71.18 39.37 in vasculitis 50.6 Atherix 38.6 mast cell role 3.20 atranol 26.77 autoantigens, desmosomes as 3.22 atherogenesis 46.6 maternal factors 24.4 Atrax 38.31 autoeczematization 23.5, 26.21 atheroma, abdominal/limb vessels 47.52 mechanical injury 28.14 atrial myxoma 49.37 autoerythrocyte sensitization syndrome atheromatous plaques 47.1 menstrual cycle and 24.19 cutaneous lentiginosis with 58.14 49.16, 50.54, 64.33–4 atherosclerosis 49.36 migration and 24.2–3 see also myxoma, cardiac autofl uorescence 10.14 arterial ulceration 47.52 molluscum contagiosum with 33.11, atrial natriuretic peptide 63.3 autoimmune acanthosis nigricans 19.120 β inhibition, 2-GPI role 49.41 33.12 atrichia congenita 66.59–60 autoimmune adrenalitis 62.5 lipoproteins and 59.83 mouse model 2.8, 2.14 atrichial sweat glands see eccrine sweat autoimmune blistering disorders lower limb vessels 47.2 nail involvement 65.28–9 glands type VII collagen as autoantigen 3.36 pathogenesis 47.1–2 natural history and prognosis 24.25–6 atrophic parapsoriasis 57.58 see also pemphigus atherosclerotic plaques 49.36 neurogenic infl ammation 12.63 atrophic polychondritis see relapsing autoimmune conditions, adrenalitis 62.5 athlete’s foot see tinea pedis neuropeptides in 24.17 polychondritis autoimmune disease-associated reactive athlete’s nodules 28.31 nipple and areola 70.9–10 atrophic vulvovaginitis 8.20 haemophagocytic ATLL see adult T-cell leukaemia– occupation and 24.33–4 atrophie blanche 15.13, 23.35, 47.34, 49.44 lymphohistiocytosis 49.6 lymphoma (ATLL) ocular abnormalities in 24.24–5 atrophoderma autoimmune disorders 13.14–15 ATM gene mutations 47.18 pathogenesis 24.10–19 follicular 15.83, 45.7–8, 52.8–9, 62.29 acquired generalized lipodystrophy atopic blepharoconjunctivitis (ABC), photosensitivity and 24.21 linear of Moulin 18.26 (AGL) with 46.38 clinical features 67.13 pregnancy and 8.12, 24.19 skin biopsy 10.42–3 adiponectin elevation 46.4 atopic dermatitis (AD) 24.1–34 prevalence 23.3, 24.2–3 vermiculate 45.8, 66.51 alopecia areata as 66.31–2 acne incidence and 42.18 prevention 24.33–4 atrophoderma of Pasini and Pierini 45.8– hepatitis C virus infection and 62.60 acquired melanocytic naevi number pruritus in 21.13–14, 24.17–18 9, 51.64, 51.69, 58.26 leg ulceration 47.55 54.15 psychological factors associated 64.4, morphoea and 51.78 lichen sclerosus and 51.113 in adolescence 8.7 64.9 progression to systemic sclerosis 51.106 lipoatrophic panniculitis and 46.15 β-adrenergic blockade theory 24.15 psychological factors in aetiology 24.19 atrophoderma reticulatum 45.8, 66.51 lipomembranous fat necrosis and 46.22 adult phase 24.21 psychological morbidity 24.23–4 atrophoderma vermiculata 45.8, 66.51 lobular panniculitis and 46.14 aetiology 24.3–10, 24.19 quality of life assessment 64.10, 72.20, atrophy in pregnancy 8.11, 8.12 allergic contact dermatitis and 24.22, 72.23–4 corticosteroid-induced 73.17–18, 73.31 urticaria and 22.2, 22.9 26.7, 26.13–14 race and 9.13 tacrolimus and pimecrolimus safety vitiligo as 58.46 allergy and 24.10–12, 24.30–1 severity assessment 64.10, 72.9–10 73.31 autoimmune lymphoproliferative alopecia areata and 24.23 short stature and 8.3 atrophy, cutaneous 45.2–14 syndrome 17.65–6 in animals 2.12, 2.13–14 soap avoidance/use 73.31 corticosteroid-induced 45.3–4 autoimmune panniculitis 46.15 antimicrobial peptide expression Staphylococcus aureus and 24.8, 24.10, defi nition 5.7, 45.2 autoimmune polyendocrinopathy reduced 3.16 24.12, 30.7, 30.8–9 generalized 45.2–6 syndrome, type I 15.31 associated disorders 24.22–3 stress 12.63 honeycomb (atrophoderma autoimmune polyendocrinopathy– atopic eye disease management and support groups 72.23 vermiculata) 45.8, 66.51 candidiasis–ectodermal 67.16 sweat in 44.6 localized 45.6–13 dystrophy syndrome 15.31 atopy and 24.1, 24.22 sweating and 24.18–19 macular see anetoderma autoimmune polyglandular barrier function of skin 4.2, 24.4 terminology 24.1–2 in onchocerciasis 37.5, 37.6 (polyendocrine) syndrome canine 2.7 treatment 21.13, 24.28–33 with rheumatoid disease 45.3 (APECED syndrome) 13.13, childhood 8.3 caffeine cream 73.49 varioliform 45.7 15.31, 36.64, 62.12–14 concordance with therapy 72.6 ciclosporin 74.16 atropine, in hyperhidrosis 3.12, 44.12 autoimmune progesterone dermatitis 8.9, quality of life assessment 72.23 holistic, in adolescence 8.7 attributable risk 6.18 8.15, 8.19, 75.119 childhood phase 24.20–1 immunomodulators 73.31, 73.32 atypical decubitus fi broplasia 56.5–6 autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura clinical features 24.19–22 methotrexate 74.18–19 atypical facial dysmorphism 16.7 see idiopathic thrombocytopenic clinical trials and generalization of tacrolimus 73.31 atypical fi broxanthoma 56.20–2, 68.34, purpura (ITP) results 6.4 topical sodium cromoglycate 73.51 79.18 autoimmunity, Degos’ disease 49.45 complications 24.23–5 trigger factors and their reduction atypical lipomatous tumour 56.58 autologous serum skin test 22.9 costs (UK and USA) 6.5 24.28–9 atypical mole syndrome 54.28, 54.31–2 automobile industry, occupational defi nition 24.1–2 unresponsive 24.30 melanoma risk 54.34, 54.47 hazards 5.6, 27.18 diagnosis 24.2, 24.26 urticaria and 24.23 atypical spitzoid tumour of unknown autonomic dysrefl exia, following spinal differential diagnosis 17.30, 24.26–7, vascular abnormalities 24.15–17 malignant potential (STUMPs) cord injury 63.17 26.29 atopic eczema see atopic dermatitis (AD) 54.21, 54.24, 54.39 autonomic functions of skin 4.9–10 actinic prurigo vs 29.14 atopic eye disease 67.13–16 Auchmeromyia 38.8 autonomic nervous system 4.9–10, 63.1, non-atopic dermatitis vs 24.1 description and epidemiology 67.13, auramine–rhodamine stain 10.10 63.3–4 dry skin and 24.22 67.15 auranofi n 74.29–30 role in fl ushing 43.14 ear 68.14, 68.23 diagnosis 67.15 auricle see pinna autonomic neuropathy 44.7 elderly people 8.28 immunopathogenesis 67.15 auriculotemporal syndrome 44.10, 44.11, autoreactivity, urticaria and 22.2 environmental factors 24.5–6 management 67.15–16 63.22 autosensitization 23.5 eyelids 23.11 atopic dermatitis and 67.16 Auspitz’s sign 5.18 autosomal dominant dyskeratosis female genitalia 71.58 atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC) 67.13, psoriasis 20.11 congenita 15.36, 15.78–80 fi laggrin in 4.2 67.14, 67.15, 67.16 Australian blackwood 26.80 autosomal dominant hypohidrotic food allergy and 24.23 clinical features 67.13 Australian silky oak 26.81 ectodermal dysplasia 15.43, genetics 15.1, 15.2, 15.10, 24.3–4 ocular mucous membrane pemphigoid Austroconops 38.6 15.58–60 growth delay and 24.24 vs 67.20 autoantibodies autosomal dominant ichthyosis hands 23.14, 24.21–2 atopy BP230 and BP180 40.42 (ichthyosis vulgaris) see herpes simplex and 33.35–6 allergic contact dermatitis and 26.7 in bullous pemphigoid 40.30 ichthyosis vulgaris see also eczema herpeticum alopecia areata and 66.31 desmocollins 40.6 autosomal dominant (AD) inheritance HIV infection 35.16, 35.45 atopic dermatitis and 24.1, 24.22 detection 13.19–22 15.2, 15.5 house-dust mites and 38.47 dermatophytosis and 36.21 in epidermolysis bullosa acquisita autosomal dominant lamellar ichthyosis hygiene hypothesis 24.5–6, 24.7 genetics 15.6 40.52 19.23–4 IgE in 24.3, 24.4, 24.5, 24.8–9 hygiene hypothesis 24.5–6, 24.7 IgG 40.26, 40.30, 40.42, 40.47, 40.52 autosomal dominant xeroderma IL-18 gene variations 33.35 irritant contact dermatitis and 25.7 in leprosy 32.7 pigmentosum 15.73

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–24.34; Volume 2, pp. 25.1–44.22; Volume 3, pp. 45.1–62.113; Volume 4, pp. 63.1–80.14 Index 11

autosomal genes primary 57.41–50 anaerobic 30.59–62 Bactrian camel 66.8 chromosomal abnormalities 15.10–12 cytogenetic abnormalities, PCMZL/ normal skin fl ora 30.2, 30.3 bad news consultation 72.4–5 defi nition 15.4 PCFCL/PCLBCL 57.42 axilla 30.4 BADAS (bowel-associated dermatosis– autosomal recessive dyskeratosis diffuse large B-cell (LBCL) barrier function of skin and 4.5–6, 30.5 arthritis syndrome) 50.87–8, congenita 15.37, 15.78–80 lymphoma 57.47–9 colonization of skin 30.1, 30.2 62.51, 62.53 autosomal recessive hypohidrotic follicle centre (FCL) lymphoma hair follicles 42.24 Bafverstedt’s lymphadenosis benigna ectodermal dysplasia 15.43, 57.45–6 comedogenesis, role in 42.24 cutis 57.59 15.58–60 marginal zone (MZL) lymphoma coryneform (diphtheroid) 30.3, ‘bag of worms’ appearance 56.48 autosomal recessive (AR) inheritance 15.3 57.43–5 30.35–40 Bailey® nylon monofi lament 63.9 avascular bone necrosis 51.47 staging classifi cation 57.42 defences against 30.5 Baird–Parker classifi cation system 30.2 avidin 10.17 WHO–EORTC classifi cation 57.41 dysgonic fermenters (DF) 30.59 Baisch syndrome 15.31 avidin–biotin method 10.17 secondary 57.50–1 eugonic fermenters (EF) 30.59 baking, occupational hazards 27.18 avidin–biotin–peroxidase complex intravascular large B-cell lymphoma external auditory meatus 6.2, 30.4 balanitis 71.8–9, 71.13, 71.18, 71.19–20, method 10.17 57.50–1 factors modifying populations 30.3 71.37–8, 71.40 AVPR (atypical vascular proliferation lymphomatoid granulomatosis 57.51 fl ora (normal skin) 30.1, 30.2–6, 30.35– Candida 36.62, 36.68 after radiotherapy) 56.41–2 WHO–EORTC classifi cation 57.2 6, 68.2 circinate 34.30, 34.31, 71.18 axilla see also lymphoma(s) acne aetiology and 42.24 lichen sclerosus and 51.113, 51.116 allergic contact dermatitis 26.18 B-cell receptors 13.6–7, 17.49 factors affecting 30.2, 30.3–4 Zoon’s 71.13, 71.18, 71.19–20 bacterial fl ora 30.4 B-cell tumours, EBV association 33.30–1 genera/species 30.2–3 balanitis xerotica obliterans 51.113, 51.116 hidradenitis suppurativa 30.80, 30.81 B lymphocytes 13.6–7, 17.49 in HIV infection 35.24 corticosteroids 51.118 hyperhidrosis 44.7–8, 44.12, 77.36–7 activation 17.50 hydration/dessication affecting 30.3, balanitis xerotica obliterans (BXO) 71.21 odour 44.8, 44.19, 44.20 polyclonal 35.17 30.5 balanoposthitis Paget’s disease 53.40–1 regulation of 13.10 quantitative studies 30.3 male genitalia 71.9, 71.21, 71.28, 71.34 seborrhoeic dermatitis 23.31, 23.32 affi nity maturation 13.10 role 30.4, 30.5 non-specifi c 71.24 skin biopsy 10.32 ageing effect 8.24 sampling methods 30.2 non-syphilitic spirochaetal ulcerative sweat glands 44.1 antigen presentation to 13.9–10, semi- and quantitative data 30.2 71.31 apocrine 44.19 17.50–1 by site 30.4–5 baldness axillary freckles 15.16, 15.17, 15.21 as antigen-presenting cells 13.7 temporary residents 30.1, 30.2 female pattern 66.16, 66.17–18, 66.20, axillary shave 44.20 atopic eye disease 67.15 transients 30.1 66.22, 66.24, 66.25–6 axillary web syndrome (AWS) 47.31–2, B1 13.7 Gram-negative 30.44–59 male pattern see alopecia, androgenetic 48.29 B1a (CD5+) 13.6, 13.7 Gram-positive 30.6–44 premature see alopecia, androgenetic axon refl ex 63.5 B1b (CD5-) 13.7 groin 30.4 reversal 66.14–15 axon refl ex response 12.64 B2 13.7 growth inhibition by honey 73.48 see also alopecia β ayan 26.80 2-GPI antibody production stimulation interference 30.5, 30.7 Baller–Gerold syndrome (BGS) 15.80 azapropazone 75.77 49.41 isolation media 30.2 ballistometry 4.11 azathioprine 13.24, 72.29, 74.14–16 class switching 13.10 nasal vestibule 30.4 balloon dilatation see angioplasty adverse effects/reactions 13.24, 20.42, defi ciency 13.9 perineum 30.4 ballooning degeneration 10.38 26.46, 72.29, 75.128–9 development 13.7–8, 17.49 quantitative studies 30.3 herpes simplex 33.16 in allergic contact dermatitis 26.102 EBV infection 33.30 removal, lymphatic vessels 48.5, 48.6 balm of Gilead 14.21 in atopic dermatitis 24.31 immunogenotyping 10.30 role 30.4 balsam of Peru clinical indications 74.15 in lymph nodes 13.8–9 sampling 30.2 allergy to 26.18, 26.22, 26.40, 26.41 complications of treatment 74.15 memory 13.10 spiral 30.62–6 contact urticaria and 22.20 contraindications 74.15 microscopy 10.34 strains 30.1 oral provocation tests 5.25 in cytophagic histiocytic panniculitis mucous membrane pemphigoid 67.20 temporary residents 30.1, 30.2 as scabicide 38.41 46.24 naïve 13.10 toe clefts 30.4 balsam of spruce 26.40 in dermatomyositis 51.129 polyclonal activation, psoriasis in HIV transients 30.1 balsam of Tolu 26.40 in leprosy reactions 32.18 infection 35.17 umbilicus 30.4–5, 30.6 bandaging in linear IgA disease 40.51 in spleen 13.8 vulva 30.4 compression 14.20–1, 38.31, 38.60 long-term risk of malignancy 51.62 traffi cking 13.9 bacterial infection 30.1–82 four-layer technique 14.20 Merkel cell carcinoma association 53.42 in Waldeyer’s ring 13.9 in animals 2.11–12, 2.22 ‘wet wrap’ 73.4 in pemphigus 40.12, 40.16, 74.15 in wound healing 14.3 in atopic dermatitis 24.8, 24.10, 24.12– Bannayan–Riley–Ruvalcaba syndrome plus prednisolone, SLE 51.61 B syndrome 69.37 13, 24.24, 30.7, 30.8–9 (Bannayan-Zonana syndrome) in polymorphic light eruption 29.12 B19 parvovirus see parvovirus B19 of ears 68.19–20, 68.21 18.60, 62.26, 62.57, 69.38 in sarcoidosis 61.21 Baa bra 70.15 of eyes 67.26–7 barbers, occupational hazards 27.19 in systemic lupus erythematosus 74.15 baboon syndrome 26.22, 26.44, 75.36, female genitalia 71.68 barber’s hair sinuses 28.49 in systemic sclerosis 51.108 75.162 following arthropod bites/stings 38.2, Barber–Say syndrome 70.3 azelaic acid 73.13, 73.28 bacillary angiomatosis 30.57, 38.11, 38.3 barbiturates, adverse effects 75.80–1 adverse effects 42.49 71.32–3 following ear piercing 68.7 bare lymphocyte syndrome 17.60–1 melasma treatment 73.28 ear involvement 68.28 HIV infection and 35.24–8, 35.45 barium sulphide 73.29 topical, acne treatment 42.39, 42.43 in HIV infection 35.25, 68.28 Kawasaki disease and 50.45 barley, as irritant 25.21 azidothymidine (AZT) see zidovudine oral involvement 69.79 of lips 69.121 barley itch 38.48 azithromycin 26.46, 74.42, 75.58 bacillary peliosis 30.57 lymphoedema and 48.12, 48.15 Barmah Forest virus 33.67, 33.67–8 acne vulgaris treatment 42.47 Bacillus, in normal skin fl ora 68.2 napkin dermatitis and 17.23 Barraquer–Simons disease 46.39–40 in atopic eye disease 67.16 Bacillus anthracis 30.40–1 necrotizing subcutaneous 30.68–9 barrier creams 23.21, 25.25, 27.9 in genital chlamydial infections 34.31 bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) neonatal 17.42–6 barrier function of skin 3.2–3, 3.10–12, in granuloma inguinale 34.37 immunization see BCG of oral cavity 69.77–9 4.1, 4.2–4, 4.3 in lymphogranuloma venereum 34.33 vaccination otitis externa 68.21 in atopic dermatitis 4.2, 24.4 in rosacea 43.6 Bacillus cereus 30.41 purpura associated 49.20–1 bacterial infection and 4.5, 30.5 syphilis management 34.22, 34.24 Bacillus oleronius, association with sarcoidal reaction in 61.22 fungal infection and 4.5 azo dyes 26.26, 75.158 Demodex 43.3 secondary, in varicella 33.25 irritant contact dermatitis and 25.2–3 azoles 74.47 Bacillus pyocyaneus see Pseudomonas skin barrier function and 4.5, 30.5 measurement 72.11 azone 73.7 aeruginosa swimming and diving 28.53–4 microorganisms and 4.5 AZT see zidovudine Bacillus subtilis 30.41 vasculitis and 50.55 neonatal 17.1–2 aztreonam 75.51 bacitracin 26.46 venous leg ulcers 47.44 percutaneous absorption and 4.4–5 azul (pinta) 30.63–4 adverse effects 75.61 vessel-invasive 49.34–5 sebaceous lipids and 42.6–7 azurocidin 13.4 allergic reactions to 73.10 wounds 14.16–17 temperature regulation and 4.7 in impetigo 30.16 bacterial overgrowth, malabsorption ultraviolet radiation and 4.6–7 topical, indications 73.10 51.100 bartenders, occupational hazards 27.18 B back, upper, surgical excision in area bacterial pseudomycosis (botryomycosis) Bartholin’s duct, tumours 71.73 B-cell directed biological therapies 77.15 30.67–8 Bartholin’s gland, abscesses 71.68 74.9–10 BACTEC system 31.6 bacterid, panniculitic 46.32 Bartonella 30.56–8 B-cell lymphomas 57.41–51 bacteria bacteriology reports 30.1 vectors 38.5, 38.11 actinic prurigo and 29.14 adherence 30.5 Bacteroides 30.60 Bartonella bacilliformis 30.58 EBV association 33.30–1 aerobic, normal skin fl ora 30.2, 30.3 in hidradenitis suppurativa 30.80 in HIV infection 35.25 in HIV infection 35.41 aeromonads 30.59 Bacteroides fragilis 30.59, 30.60 Bartonella elizabethae 30.56 12 Index

Bartonella henselae 38.11, 61.5 nodular 69.54 basic fi broblast growth factor (bFGF) bees 38.13 in bacillary angiomatosis 30.57 treatment 52.22, 73.24 mechanism of action 58.7 Africanized/’killer’ 38.13 in cat scratch disease 30.56–7 nose 79.10 melanocyte mitogen 58.5 hypersensitivity to 22.8, 38.1, 38.3, in HIV infection 35.25 over histiocytoma 52.20 pigmentation regulation 58.7 38.14–15 staining 10.10 p53 gene mutations 52.12 scleroderma-like lesions, and cancer pheromones 38.2 Bartonella quintana 30.56, 30.57 pathology 52.20–1 51.79 venom 38.14 Bart–Pumphrey syndrome 19.108–9 perianal/perineal 71.98 basic fuchsin see magenta paint beeswax 26.82, 73.7 Bart’s syndrome 18.101, 39.17, 39.18, perioral/lips 69.53–4 basidiobolomycosis (subcutaneous beetles 38.26–8 39.22 prognosis and prognostic factors zygomycosis) 36.78–9 behavioural therapy 64.24, 64.28, 64.32 basal cell(s) 52.21–2 Basidiobolus ranarum 36.78, 36.79 obesity 46.8 in basal cell carcinoma 52.20 PUVA associated 52.4 Basidiomycota 36.2, 36.3–4 see also cognitive behavioural therapy follicular atrophoderma and 52.8–9 race and 9.18 basidiospores 36.3, 36.89 Behçet’s disease 50.56–62, 69.46–9 basal cell carcinoma (BCC) 52.2, radiation-induced 52.5, 79.18 basidium 36.3 acneiform eruption, acne vs 42.37 52.18–22 recurrence 52.20, 79.17–18 basiliximab 75.146 aetiology and pathogenesis 50.56–7, advanced, features 52.19 risk factors 52.18–19 basisquamous basal cell carcinoma 69.47 aetiology 52.18–19 sclerosing 52.22–3 bone and joint involvement 62.102 after chemotherapy 75.124 desmoplastic trichoepithelioma vs basophil(s) 12.20, 13.5–6 clinical features 69.46, 69.47 aggressive, in naevoid basal cell 53.9 in urticaria 22.5 defi nition 50.56 carcinoma syndrome 52.7 eyelids 67.35 basophil degranulation test 75.174 diagnosis 50.58, 50.60–1, 69.47–448 in animals 2.20 skin damage and 52.19 bastanido 28.32–3 differential diagnosis 42.37, 69.47 arsenic-induced 52.20 sporadic, gene deletion 53.8 batbug 38.24 genital involvement 50.58–9 atypical 52.19 spread 52.19 Bateman syndrome 62.80 histopathology 50.57–8 basisquamous 52.22–3 squamous cell carcinoma ratio 52.2, bath itch 21.10 Koebner response 28.3–4 burns 28.91 52.26 bath oils 73.31 male genitalia chemical carcinogens 52.4–5 sun exposure patterns 52.3 bathing, in atopic dermatitis 24.29 female genitalia 71.65 clinical course and natural history sunscreen use and 73.41 bathing attendants, occupational hazards male genitalia 71.24–5, 71.25 52.20, 52.21 superfi cial 52.20, 52.21, 52.33, 69.54 27.18 neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis and clinical features 52.19–20 treatment 73.24 bathing suit ichthyosis 19.24 44.17 as colostomy complication 62.54 telangiectasia with 52.19 Bazex syndrome 45.8, 62.36, 62.48, ocular involvement 50.59–60, 67.25 cytodiagnosis 10.29 in transplant recipients 62.74–5, 79.13 66.65 oral involvement 50.58, 50.59, 69.44, defi nition 52.18 treatment 52.8, 52.21–2, 78.14, 78.16 ear involvement 68.18 69.118 development in BCG scar 31.29 aim 52.21 in Hodgkin’s disease 62.89 overlap with other disorders 50.62 diagnosis 52.21 curettage 77.40–1, 77.43, 77.44 nail involvement 65.25 perianal/perineal involvement 71.90 differential diagnosis 52.21 destructive therapies 52.22 Bazex–Dupré–Christol syndrome renal involvement 62.71 Bowen’s disease vs 52.33–4 Mohs micrographic surgery 77.30, (atrophoderma follicular) 15.83, respiratory tract involvement 62.82 desmoplastic trichoepithelioma vs 77.32, 77.33 45.7–8, 52.8–9, 62.29 skin lesions 50.59 53.9 principles 52.17 Bazin’s disease see erythema induratum thrombophlebitis migrans in 47.30 microcystic adnexal carcinoma vs radiotherapy 79.5–7, 79.8–12, 79.13 of Bazin TNF antagonists 74.8 53.35 surgery 52.22, 77.15, 77.19, 79.5 BCG vaccination 31.28 treatment 50.61–2, 69.48 sebaceous carcinoma vs 53.19 topical 5-FU 73.23 adverse effects 75.139, 75.141 vasculitis and 50.3, 50.49, 69.47 dissemination/metastases 52.20 topical imiquimod 73.24 complications 31.6, 31.10, 31.28–9 Beighton score 45.34 early ulcerated 52.19, 52.20, 52.21 disseminated 17.58 bejel (endemic syphilis) 30.63 features 52.19 UVB phototherapy associated 52.4 leprosy and 32.19 beliefs pathology 52.20–1 UVR exposure and 29.7, 52.3 mechanical injury 28.62 disorders of 64.12–17 ears 68.32–3, 79.9, 79.10, 79.17 venous leg ulcers and 47.45–6 therapeutic use 31.29 skin and skin disease 64.1–2, 64.6 with eccrine differentiation 53.36 see also non-melanoma skin cancer bcl-2 10.25 belimumab 74.10 elderly people 8.28 (NMSC) hair growth and 66.11 Bell’s palsy 33.19 ethnic factors associated 52.18–19 basal cell naevus syndrome see naevoid bcl-6 10.25 Bence Jones protein 13.17, 49.32 eyelids 67.10, 67.34–5, 79.9 basal cell carcinoma syndrome BCNS see naevoid basal cell carcinoma Beneckea chitinivora 2.12 face 79.10, 79.11 basal cell papilloma see seborrhoeic syndrome benign aphthae, female genitalia 71.65–6 familial syndromes 52.6–9 keratosis BCNU see carmustine benign calcifying epithelioma of gene deletion 53.8 basal lamina see basement membrane BDC see Bazex–Dupré–Christol Malherbe 53.12–13 see also naevoid basal cell carcinoma basalioma see basal cell carcinoma (BCC) syndrome benign epidermal tumours 52.38–45 syndrome basaloid cells BDP (Bowen’s disease of the penis) benign joint hypermobility syndrome female genitalia 71.66, 71.77 in basaloid follicular hamartoma 71.38–9 45.34 genetics 11.18, 52.19 53.11–12 ‘bean-bag’ appearance, histiocytes benign lichenoid keratoses (BLKs) 41.6 growth 52.20, 52.21 in trichoblastoma 53.10 46.23–4 benign summer light eruption 29.12 head and neck 52.20 in trichoepithelioma 53.8 Bean’s syndrome see blue rubber-bleb benign tumours 52.1 histogenesis 52.19 Basan syndrome 15.29 naevus syndrome female genitalia 71.72–4 HIV infection and 35.39 basement membrane 3.6, 10.37 beard male genitalia 71.35–7 HPV infection and 52.6, 52.14 components 3.25–6 alopecia areata 66.35 perianal/perineal 71.83, 71.96 incidence 52.2, 52.18–19 mechanical injury 28.7 ringworm 36.28–9, 36.49 see also specifi c tumours infi ltrative, microcystic adnexal sebaceous cells 42.3 weight, ageing effect 8.23–4 bentonite 73.8 carcinoma vs 53.35 staining 10.8, 10.9 bearded ghoul 38.59 benzaldehyde 75.162 infl ammatory reaction 52.21 vascular 3.52 Beare type pili torti 15.50 benzalkonium chloride 26.17, 26.58, inner canthus 79.9 in wound healing 14.5 Beare–Stevenson cutis gyrata syndrome 67.22, 73.14 invasive 52.19, 52.20, 52.21 basement membrane zone (BMZ) 3.25– 15.91 Benzamycin®, acne vulgaris treatment loss of heterogeneity events 52.12 3.33, 10.37 Beare–Stevenson syndrome 18.40 42.41 lupus vulgaris and 31.18, 31.19, 31.21 adhesion complex 40.1–2, 40.25 beating injuries 28.32–3 benzathine penicillin G male genitalia 71.48 antibodies 40.27 Beau’s lines 59.75, 65.10, 65.12–13 in non-venereal treponematoses 30.64 management principles 52.17 collagen type IV 3.25, 3.27 in childhood 65.7 syphilis management 34.22, 34.24 mechanical injury 28.62 components 3.25–6, 3.32 thumbnail 59.75 benzene 25.19, 25.20 melanocyte proliferation in 52.21 structure and domain organization becaplermin 14.27, 63.10 benzimidazoles 74.50–1 metatypical 52.22–3 3.31 Beck Depression Inventory 64.23 adverse effects 75.71 mitotic fi gures 52.20 gene/protein systems involved in Becker’s naevus 18.17–19, 62.101, 66.77, in dracunculiasis 37.13 morphoeic/sclerodermiform 52.19–20, epidermolysis bullosa 3.26, 3.27 78.10 in trichomoniasis 37.29 69.54 heparan sulphate proteoglycans 3.29 with hypomastia 70.3 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one 26.15, 26.15, diagnosis 52.21 IgA, IgG, C3 deposits, mucous Becker’s naevus syndrome 18.27 26.53–4 treatment 52.22 membrane pemphigoid 67.17 Becker’s syndrome 58.21 benznidazole 37.32 mortality 52.2 laminins 3.27–9, 3.28 Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome 18.69– benzoates 5.25 in naevoid basal cell carcinoma see also laminin-5 (laminin-332) 70, 68.5, 68.6 benzocaine 26.45 syndrome 52.6, 52.7, 52.8 neutrophils 40.46 macroglossia in 69.113 benzodiazepines 75.81 see also naevoid basal cell carcinoma subepidermal immunobullous diseases bedbugs 38.24 benzoic acid 25.18, 36.47, 36.48, 36.49 syndrome 40.27 bedsores see pressure ulcers benzophenones 26.23, 26.24, 26.62 nipple/areola 70.15 ultrastructure 3.25, 3.26 Beer’s law 78.3 photoallergic dermatitis due to 73.40

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–24.34; Volume 2, pp. 25.1–44.22; Volume 3, pp. 45.1–62.113; Volume 4, pp. 63.1–80.14 Index 13

benzo(a)pyrene 27.16 bioinformatics 11.8, 11.9 blastoconidia 36.16 blindness, mucous membrane benzopyrone drugs, in lymphoedema biological compensation, in actinic Blastomyces dermatitidis 36.83–5 pemphigoid 67.17, 67.18 48.25 keratosis 52.31 Blastomycetes 36.4 blinking 67.3 benzothiazinylalanine 58.6 biological false-positive reactions (BFP) in blastomycosis 36.83–5 blister beetles 38.2, 38.26 benzoyl peroxide (BPO) syphilis 34.20–1 aetiology 36.83 blistering, acute drug-induced adverse effects 42.49 biological terrorism 33.5, 33.6 bone and joint involvement 62.100 phototoxicity 29.21 antibiotics combined with 42.41, 42.48 biological therapies 74.4–13 clinical features 36.84 blistering agents, response in ageing skin formulations 42.41 B-cell directed 74.9–10 defi nition 36.83 8.23 indications 73.13 cytokine-directed 74.10–11 differential diagnosis 31.10, 36.84 blistering disorders, genetic see hereditary as irritant 25.19, 25.21 interactions 72.29 disseminated 36.84 blistering disorders mechanism of action 42.40, 42.41 in melanoma 54.53–4 histology 36.83–4 blisters topical, acne treatment 42.39–41, 42.41, naming conventions 74.5 keloidal (lobomycosis) 36.77–8 after cryotherapy for warts 33.49 42.48, 42.67 psoriasis 20.41–2, 72.14, 74.10 laboratory diagnosis 36.84–5 cold-induced injury 28.64 benzydamine 26.46, 75.78 in psoriatic arthritis 20.59 male genital dermatology 71.32 formation 39.1, 39.3, 40.29 benzyl alcohol 26.58 recombinant proteins 74.4–5 oral involvement 69.80, 69.118, 69.121 friction 28.2, 28.9, 28.12–13, 28.28, benzyl benzoate 38.41, 73.14 targeting tumour necrosis factor 74.5–6 perianal/perineal 71.96 28.30–1 in Demodex infection in rosacea 43.3 biomarkers primary cutaneous 36.84 gingival 69.14 benzyl penicillin see penicillin G lymphatic vessels 48.4–5, 48.19 pulmonary 36.84 during intensive care 28.39 Ber-H2 10.25 melanoma 54.51 South American see oral mucosa 69.22 Berardinella–Seip syndrome 46.37 biostatistics 6.20 paracoccidioidomycosis sucking 17.4 Berardinelli’s syndrome 66.76 biotin 10.17, 59.64 treatment 36.85 suction 28.23–4 BerEP4 53.35 biotinidase defi ciency 59.64–5 Blatella 38.28 transillumination 17.14 Berloque dermatitis 26.18, 58.32 Bipolaris 36.77 Blatta 38.28 see also bullae beryllium reactions 61.22 Birbeck granules 3.18, 55.3–4, 55.7 Blau syndrome 45.46, 60.4, 61.16, 62.104 BLM (Bloom’s syndrome) 15.76–7, 62.27 Besnier’s prurigo see atopic dermatitis electron microscopy 10.30 mutations in NOD2 12.12 Bloch–Siemens syndrome see (AD) lacking from indeterminate cells 55.3 bleaches incontinentia pigmenti (IP) bestatin 12.50 in Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis cells burns 25.11 Bloch–Sulzberger syndrome see Bet v.1 22.20 55.6, 55.7, 55.7 as irritants 25.21 incontinentia pigmenti (IP) β-blockers 64.52 staining for 55.9 skin 9.8 blood adverse effects 26.17, 26.46, 75.90–2 structure and antigens 55.3–4 bleaching, of skin 73.27 extravasated 49.2 fl ushing management 43.6, 43.15 birch 26.105 bleeding fetal sampling 17.12 non-cardioselective 43.6 birds causes/abnormalities causing 49.6 increased intravascular, in skin 49.2 β-catenin 66.10 aquatic, white colour 2.6 in Hermansky–Pudlak syndrome 58.41 blood fl ow β-glucans 36.1 glands 2.4 in idiopathic thrombocytopenic control, in capillaries 3.51 β-haemolytic streptococci see Streptococcus mites 38.51–2 purpura 49.10 in obesity 8.17 betamethasone dipropionate 73.16 pigment cells 2.6 intraoperative/postoperative 77.8, 77.9, blood pressure, claudication management calcipotriol with 73.45 skin 2.3 77.50 47.5 betamethasone valerate, glaucoma birth weight 17.1 neonates 49.49 blood samples, viral infection diagnosis association 73.19 birthmarks see also neonatal purpura 33.4–5 β 2-microglobulin, in sarcoidosis 61.20 simulation 64.42–3 occult, tests 49.5 two samples, timing 33.5 beta-rays 79.1–2 see also individual birthmark types in thrombocytosis 49.5, 49.14 blood supply, skin 3.2, 3.3, 3.50–2 bété 26.81 Birt–Hogg–Dubé syndrome 53.14, 53.15, bleeding time 49.5–6 blood transfusion betel chewing 69.50, 69.96–7 62.57, 62.69 Blegvad–Haxthausen syndrome 45.17 adverse effects 75.154–5 Bethyloidea 38.14 bis(4-amino-3-methylcyclohexyl) methane bleomycin CMV transmission 33.29 Betta splendens 31.31 27.17 adverse effects 75.126–7 in dystrophic EB 39.29 bevacizumab, melanoma management bismuth subsalicylate 75.157 purpura 75.23 intrauterine 17.12 54.54 bismuthia, pigmentation in 58.55 scleroderma 27.17, 45.52 syphilis transmission 34.5 bexarotene 57.23, 73.35, 73.36–7, 74.37 bisphosphonates 75.99 intralesional blood urea nitrogen monitoring, burns bezafi brate 75.31 BIT (1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one) 26.15, administration method 33.50 28.84 bezoar 64.31 26.15, 26.53–4 adverse effects 33.50 blood vessels 3.50–2 bezoar by proxy 64.32 bite marks, child abuse 28.34, 28.35 wart treatment 33.50 abnormal, purpura due to 49.14–15 bFGF see basic fi broblast growth factor bitemporal aplasia cutis 15.40, 15.83–4 scleroderma-like changes 51.81 classifi cation 47.13 (bFGF) bitemporal forceps marks syndrome topical 73.23 decreased support of, purpura due to BFS (burning feet syndrome) 63.25 15.40 blepharitis 67.4 49.14–15 BGS (Baller–Gerold syndrome) 15.80 bites acute 67.6, 67.11 remodelling 47.1 bias 6.11, 6.18 arthropod 38.1–5 associated conditions 67.7 thermoregulatory role 3.50–1 information 6.18 cat 38.60–1 chronic 67.6–12 Bloom–Richardson method 53.22 language 7.7 dog 38.60–1 causes 67.10 Bloom’s syndrome (BLM) 15.76–7, publication 7.7 human 38.61 epidemiology 67.6 62.27 selection 6.18 child abuse 28.34, 28.35 immunopathogenesis 67.6, 67.11 genetics 15.76–7 Bid (BH3-interacting death domain rodent 38.61 treatment 67.11, 67.12 blowfl ies 38.8 protein) 12.12 seal 38.61 classifi cation 67.6, 67.7 blue-ringed octopus 38.59 bidi 69.90 snake 38.60 follicle mite infection and 38.53 blue rubber-bleb naevus syndrome BIE see bullous ichthyosiform bithionol 26.24 management 67.22 18.72–3 erythroderma (BIE) Bittner’s syndrome 33.59 Phthirus pubis causing 67.10 hyperhidrosis and 44.9 Bifi dobacterium eriksonii 30.75 Björnstad’s syndrome 66.64, 66.65 seborrhoeic 67.7 iron defi ciency anaemia in 62.85 bifonazole 73.12 BK mole syndrome 54.28, 62.20, 62.21–2 in seborrhoeic dermatitis 23.31 oral involvement 69.30 in dermatophytoses 36.50 BKH-S surveillance system 27.2 staphylococcal 30.32, 67.6, 67.7, 67.8, blue scrotum sign 62.65 in otomycosis 36.17 black blowfl ies 38.8 67.11 blue toe syndrome 49.36 big foot disease see podoconiosis black death 30.55 atopic eye disease with 67.16 blueberry muffi n baby 17.32–3, 49.20, big leaf mahogany 26.81 black dermographism 28.92–3 clinical features 67.7 49.51 biglycan 45.33 mechanical injury 28.26 treatment 67.11, 67.16 ‘blueberry muffi n’ lesions 33.29 biguanides 75.156 black heel 28.16, 28.31, 49.16 streptococcal 30.32 bluebottle 38.8 bile acid sequestrants 59.93 black palm 28.16, 28.31 terminology problems 67.6 blushing see fl ushing bilharziasis see schistosomiasis black people, sarcoidosis 61.15–16 ulcerative 67.8 BMP-2 49.47 biliary tract disorders 62.62 black-widow spider 38.31 blepharochalasis 45.20–1, 45.33, 48.23–4, BMP-4, in lichen planus 41.2 bilirubin blackfl ies 37.4, 38.5–6, 38.7 67.4, 67.5 Bockenheimer’s syndrome 47.24 in sarcoidosis 61.8 blackheads 42.22, 42.24, 42.30, 42.77 blepharocheilodontic syndrome 15.31 body asymmetry 63.14 skin pigmentation 58.53 bladder, carcinoma 31.29 blepharoconjunctivitis body composition 3.52 bimatoprost 26.46, 66.79 BLAISE (Blaschkitis, adult) 18.26–7 atopic 67.13 body dysmorphic disorder 42.60, 64.17– bindi 26.10 Blandford fl y 38.5–6, 38.7 HSV 67.26 20, 64.48 bio-psycho-social approach 64.49 Blaps 38.27 blepharophyma 43.9 acne and 42.60, 42.71 biocides 27.5, 27.6 Blaschkitis, adult 18.26–7 blind loop syndrome 44.20, 50.87–8, male genitalia 71.51–2 as allergens 26.49–58 Blaschko’s lines 15.6, 15.7, 18.2, 18.4 62.51, 62.53 perianal/perineal dermatology 71.99 bioengineering 4.10–11 blastic NK-cell lymphoma 57.39 blinded trials 7.7 body image 1.1 14 Index body mass index (BMI) 8.16, 46.5 Borrelia balanitidis 34.4 Bowen’s disease of the penis (BDP) breast bud 8.4 criticisms over and advantages 46.5 Borrelia burgdorferi 30.64–6, 45.9, 62.106 71.38–9 breast cancer 62.15, 62.16, 70.13–14 body odour 44.19 antibodies in morphoea 51.65 box jellyfi sh 38.56, 38.57 apocrine, apocrine carcinoma vs 53.21 abnormal 44.19–20 female genital dermatology 71.62 BP180 NC16a 8.14 basal cell carcinoma 70.15 in adolescence 8.6, 8.7 nodular panniculitis 46.14 BP230 and BP180 see bullous pemphigoid carcinoma erysipeloides 48.31 axillary 30.4, 44.8, 44.19, 44.20 Borrelia duttoni 30.64 antigens grading, Bloom–Richardson method false beliefs 64.16 Borrelia garinii 62.106 BPAG1 (bullous pemphigoid antigens, 53.22 production 44.2 Borrelia gracilis 34.4 BP230) see bullous pemphigoid infl ammatory 48.31 body piercing 58.57 Borrelia hermsi 30.64 antigens, BP230 (BPAG1) in Klinefelter’s syndrome 70.4 allergic contact dermatitis and 26.10 Borrelia lonestari 38.35 BPAG2 see bullous pemphigoid antigens, lymphoedema associated 48.8, 48.17, ear 68.7–9 Borrelia persica 38.35 BP180 (BPAG2; type XVII 48.20 complications 26.17, 61.23, 68.7–8 Borrelia recurrentis 30.64 collagen); collagen, type XVII male 70.14, 70.15 nipple 70.11 Borrelia refringens 34.4 BPAG2 gene mutations 3.31 melanoma 70.14, 70.15 oral tissue 69.96 Borrelia vincentii 26.46 brachial valve transplant 47.51 metastases from 70.14 ornamental 28.51–2 Borst–Jadassohn phenomenon 53.23 Brachycera 38.6–8 minoxidil use in 73.50 body site, effect on mechanical injury appearance in Bowen’s disease 52.33 brachymetapody– Mondor’s disease and 70.16 28.8 bortezomib 50.17, 50.49, 75.133 anodontiahypotrichosis– mucinous, mucinous adnexal body surface area, percentages 76.20 bosentan, cold-induced injury 28.70 albinoidism 15.31 carcinoma vs 53.36 body temperature Boston eruption 33.73 Brachypelma smithi 38.30 Paget’s disease of nipple and 53.38, limb, erythromelalgia 47.9 botryomycosis 30.67–8 brachytherapy, interstitial 79.2, 79.5 53.39 monitoring, burns 28.83 botulinum toxin Braden system of risk assessment 28.20, in Peutz–Jeghers syndrome 58.13 regulation see thermoregulation adverse effects 80.7 28.21 radiotherapy, syringoma association boil (furuncle) 30.23–4 ocular 67.32 bradykinin 13.4 53.25 Bolivian haemorrhagic fever 33.69 in chromhidrosis 44.21 in angio-oedema 22.5, 22.21 breastfed infants, zinc defi ciency 59.73–4 Bombay blackwood 26.80 cosmetic use 80.7–9 pruritus and 21.5 breastfeeding bombesin 4.10 combination treatments 80.7–8 brain atopic dermatitis and 8.12, 24.34 Bombidae see bees in genital osmidrosis 44.20 lesions, hyperhidrosis associated 44.7 cracked nipples 70.10 Bombus see bees in gustatory sweating 44.10, 44.11, melanoma metastases 54.54, 54.55 gonorrhoea management 34.28 bone 63.23 thermosensitive receptors 44.5 immunity and 13.15 disorders 62.99–106 in Hailey–Hailey disease 39.36 tumour, pruritus associated 62.34 prednisolone and 40.45 fracture 62.99 in hyperhidrosis 44.11, 77.36, 77.37 branchial arches, complex defects of fi rst scabicides and 38.42 mineralization, inhibitors 49.48 mode of action 80.7 and second 18.80–7 transfer of toxic substances 17.19 overgrowth, McCune–Albright in notalgia paraesthetica 63.23 branchial (cleft) cyst 18.85–6 breathing exercises, lymphoedema syndrome 58.18 products available 80.7 branchio-oto-costal syndrome 18.85 management 48.23 bone involvement (in) in thelalgia 70.11 branchio-oto-renal syndrome 18.83, 18.85, Breslow thickness, melanoma 54.49, congenital syphilis 34.16 type A (BTX-A) 80.7 18.90, 68.3 54.52 dystrophic EB 39.29 type B (BTX-B) 80.7 Branham’s sign 47.21 Brevibacterium 30.3, 30.35, 30.36 Erdheim–Chester disease 55.18 bouba see yaws Brassica 25.21 in normal skin fl ora 30.2, 30.3, 30.36, Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis (LCH) Bouchard’s nodes 45.70 Brauer syndrome 15.40 68.2 55.12 Bourneville’s disease see tuberous Brauer–Buschke–Fischer keratoderma toe clefts 30.4 malignant histiocytosis 55.32 sclerosis complex 19.95, 19.112–13 Brevibacterium epidermis 30.3 McCune–Albright syndrome 58.18 bouton d’orient (Old World cutaneous Brazil, prevalence of skin disease 6.9 Brevibacterium mcbrellneri 30.3, 36.16 multicentric reticulohistiocytosis 55.23 leishmaniasis) 37.34–9 Brazilian pemphigus foliaceus 40.17–18 brilliant green dye, topical therapy 73.48 sarcoidosis 61.6–7, 61.11, 62.104 boutonneuse fever (tick typhus) 38.35 Brazilian rosewood 26.81 brilliantine 27.13, 27.14 systemic sclerosis 51.97 bovine papillomaviruses (BPV) 2.21 breast 70.1–17 Brill–Zinsser disease 30.73 venous leg ulcers 47.46 Bowdichia nitida 26.80 abscess 8.13, 70.10, 70.13, 70.15 brimonidine 26.46 xanthoma disseminatum 55.21 bowel-associated dermatosis–arthritis neonatal 17.43 Brindle coat colour 2.5, 2.7 bone marrow syndrome 44.20, 50.87–8, 62.51, aplasia/hypoplasia 70.2, 70.3, 70.6, 70.7 British Association of Dermatologists B cell development 13.7–8 62.53 artefactual disease 70.11 72.14 failure, Fanconi’s anaemia 58.17 bowel bypass syndrome 44.20, 50.87–8, cancer see breast cancer British National Formulary (BNF), topical in Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis (LCH) 62.51, 62.53 Carney complex 70.17 corticosteroids 73.16 55.11 Bowenoid actinic keratosis 52.31 Cowden’s syndrome 70.17 British Photodermatology Group (BPG) in mastocytosis 22.30, 22.31, 22.32, Bowenoid papulosis 71.38–9, 71.74 cutaneous larva migrans 70.17 29.2 22.33, 22.34 of genitalia 52.37 development 8.4, 70.1 British Red Cross, cosmetic camoufl age transplantation male genitalia 71.38–9 diffuse dermal angiomatosis 70.17 43.6 familial haemophagocytic HPV and 33.54–5 duct ectasia/periductal mastitis broad thumb–hallux syndrome 15.92–3 lymphohistiocytosis 55.26 treatment 73.23 complex 70.8 Brocq, pigmented peribuccal oral complications 69.82–3 Bowen’s disease 52.2, 52.12, 52.32–4 enlargement, in pregnancy 8.9 pigmentation of 58.35–6 see also haematopoietic stem cell(s), aetiology 52.32 in Fox–Fordyce disease 70.17 Broders’ classifi cation 52.26 transplantation arsenic exposure and 52.32, 52.33, 52.35 granular parakeratosis 70.17 bromhidrosis 8.7, 44.19–20 bone marrow aplasia, chloramphenicol clinical features 52.32–3 hair sinus 70.15 bromides, acneiform eruption due to 74.43 defi nition and incidence 52.32 hidradenitis suppurativa 70.17 42.73 bone marrow diseases, secondary diagnosis 52.33–4 hypertrophy 70.3 bromism 75.152 thrombocytopenia due to differential diagnosis isolated enlargement 8.5 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol 26.50, 49.11–12 extramammary Paget’s disease vs lichen sclerosus et atrophicus 70.17 26.52 bone morphogenetic proteins 3.3, 3.4, 3.7, 53.41 lupus panniculitis 70.12 1-bromo-3-chlor-5,5-dimethylhydantoin 66.10 HPV infection vs 33.55 lymphoedema 48.8, 48.17, 48.20 75.163 BMP-2 49.47 epidermodysplasia verruciformis and management 48.23 bromocriptine BMP-4, in lichen planus 41.2 33.57 mammary duct fi stula 70.13 adverse effects 75.88 Bonnet–Dechaume–Blanc syndrome 18.62 HPV-2 infection 33.55 in menopause 8.19 in gigantomastia 70.3 book dysplasia 15.31 internal malignancy and 62.47 neurofi bromatosis 70.17 bromodeoxyuridine 75.133 bookbinders, occupational hazards 27.18 invasive carcinoma in 52.33 pityriasis rosea 70.17 bromoderma 75.21, 75.152 Böök’s syndrome 66.93 palmoplantar 52.5 in pregnancy 70.1 bromoderma tuberosum 75.152 boot, infl atable 48.23 pathology 52.33 psoriasis 70.17 bromofl uorene 76.5 BOR syndrome (branchio-oto-renal of penis 52.36 pyoderma gangrenosum 50.70, 70.11 bromophenol blue 44.4 syndrome) 18.83, 18.85, 18.90, progression to invasive SCC 52.29 roustabout’s 70.15 bronchial carcinoid tumours 43.18 68.3 recurrences 52.34 sarcoidosis 70.12, 70.14 bronchiolitis, respiratory syncytial virus Boraginaceae 26.80 squamous cell carcinoma arising in scabies 70.17 (RSV) 33.76 borax 75.163 52.27 seborrhoeic warts 70.15, 70.16 bronchogenic (presternal ciliated) cyst boric acid 75.163 treatment 52.34, 78.14, 78.16 silicone implants 51.82, 51.90, 51.111 18.87–8 Bork syndrome 15.56 curettage 77.41 autoimmune disease and 70.7–8 bronze baby syndrome 17.12–13, 58.53 Borrelia 30.64 radiotherapy 79.12 supernumerary (accessory) 70.2–3 bronze diabetes see haemochromatosis male genital dermatology 71.22 topical 5-FU 73.23 telangiectasia 70.13 bronzed pigmentation see pigmentation morphoea and 45.10 topical imiquimod 73.24 vasculitis 70.11 bronzing of skin 58.53 Borrelia afzelii 45.9–10, 62.106 vulval 71.74 vitiligo 70.17 Brooke’s tumour see trichoepithelioma

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–24.34; Volume 2, pp. 25.1–44.22; Volume 3, pp. 45.1–62.113; Volume 4, pp. 63.1–80.14 Index 15

Brooke–Spiegler syndrome 53.9, 53.28, histopathology 10.37–8 bumblebees see bees rule of nines 14.10 53.29 in incontinentia pigmenti (IP) 58.16 bumetanide 75.97 secondary assessment 28.76 brown adipocytes 46.1 intraepidermal 10.38 bungarotoxin 38.60 specialized burns units 28.80, 28.82 brown adipose tissue 8.16 in otitis externa 68.22 Bungarus candidus 38.60 stem cell strategies 28.86–7 see also brown fat subepidermal 10.38 bunyaviruses, and Bunyaviridae 33.3, torture injuries 28.33 brown dog tick 38.35 in urticaria 22.5 33.66, 33.67, 33.68, 33.70 triage 28.80 brown fat 3.52, 8.16, 46.1 see also blisters buphthalmos 18.66 urine output 28.78 hibernoma 46.45 bullous dermolysis of the newborn bupivacaine 75.153, 77.10 Burow’s solution 73.15–16 thermogenic 46.1 39.23–4, 39.25 in nail biopsy 65.41–2 in eczema 23.37–8 brown recluse spider 38.32 bullous disorders 40.1–62 buprenorphine 75.87 burrow, defi nition 5.7 brown snakes 38.60 in animals 2.14–15 burden of skin disease 6.1, 6.5 bursa of Fabricius 13.7 brown-tail moth 38.28, 38.29 childhood see linear IgA disease data used in 6.5–6 bursitis 24.25 brown-widow spider 38.31 in elderly people 8.28 developed countries 6.8, 6.9 Buruli ulcer brucella, antigen 5.24 electron microscopy 10.29 developing countries 6.8, 6.9–10 in HIV infection 35.26 Brucella abortus 30.55 female genitalia 71.65–7 estimating 72.14 Mycobacterium ulcerans 12.9, 31.6, Brucella melitensis 30.55 herpes simplex in 33.15 Bureau–Barrière syndrome (acro- 31.33–5 Brucella suis 30.55, 30.56 immunopathology 10.18–19 osteolysis with keratoderma) Buschke–Löwenstein tumour 33.46, 33.55, brucellosis 30.55–6 intraepidermal 40.3–24 19.115 33.55, 52.26 nodular panniculitis 46.14 neutrophilic 50.95 Burkholderia cepacia 30.48 female genitalia 71.76–7 sarcoidal reaction in 61.22 ocular involvement 67.29 Burkholderia mallei 30.51 male genitalia 71.44–6 sweating in 44.7 subepidermal 40.25–62 Burkholderia pseudomallei 30.50–1 perianal/perineal 71.95 Bruch’s membrane 67.4 bullous eruption, measles 33.75 Burkitt’s lymphoma 33.30 treatment 33.55 Brugia malayi 37.9–10 bullous eruptions, fi xed drug eruptions, burn scar carcinomas 28.91 Buschke–Ollendorf syndrome 45.50, 45.68 Brugia timori 37.9–10 female genitalia 71.66 burning feet syndrome 63.25 bone and joint involvement 62.99, bruises bullous ichthyosiform erythroderma (BIE) burning mouth syndrome 26.20, 26.39, 62.100, 62.102 child abuse 28.34–6 15.6, 19.3, 19.29–34 62.85, 69.86–7 juvenile elastoma and 18.32–3 differential diagnosis 28.36 epidermolytic verrucous epidermal burns 28.74–92 Buschke’s scleroedema 51.79 bruising see ecchymoses/bruising naevus and 18.5, 18.7–8 abuse of the elderly 28.91–2 buserelin 75.117 Brunauer–Fuhs–Siemens syndrome genetics 15.6 applied utensils 28.35 in acne vulgaris 42.53 19.105–6 histopathology 10.39, 10.40 area of burn assessment 28.77–9 bush dermatitis 26.75 Brunsting Perry pemphigoid 40.35, 40.39 naevoid 19.31 assessment in hospital accident bush tea essential oil, in scabies 38.41 Brunzell syndrome 46.37 prenatal diagnosis 16.3, 16.5 department 28.76–7 buspirone 64.52 Bruton tyrosine kinase 17.71 see also ichthyosis bullosa of Siemens; chemical 14.1, 25.1, 27.11–12 busulfan (busulphan) 69.97, 70.5, 75.124 Bruton’s disease (X-linked ichthyosis hystrix clinical features 25.10–11 hypermelanosis due to 58.30 agammaglobulinaemia) 13.9, bullous impetigo, differential diagnosis management 25.22–3 butchers 13.13, 17.70–1, 69.117 40.50 neonatal 17.14 occupational hazards 25.21, 27.18 Brya ebenus 26.80 bullous myringitis 68.24 child abuse 28.34, 28.35, 28.90, 28.91–2 warts 33.47 Bryant’s sign 62.65 bullous pemphigoid 40.26–35, 71.28 cigarette 28.33, 28.34, 28.92 butenafi ne 73.12 Bryozoa (sea mats) 26.10, 38.58 aetiology 40.28 clinical aspects 28.75–88 Buthidae 38.33 BSCL2 gene 46.37 IgG autoantibodies 40.30 cutaneous sequelae 28.88 buthionine sulphoxime 73.27 buba see yaws agents inducing 40.32–3 decompression 28.79–80, 28.81–2 Buthus 38.33 bubo amputees 28.29 depth 14.10, 25.10–11 buttercup 25.21 in chancroid 30.47, 34.34, 34.35 in animals 2.14–15 burn classifi cation 28.75, 28.76–7, butterfl ies 38.28–30 climatic see lymphogranuloma associated diseases 40.32–3 28.84–5 butterfl y itch 38.29 venereum (inguinale) autoantibodies 35.19 differential diagnosis 28.36 N-butyl-4-chlorsalicylamide 26.24 in lymphogranuloma venereum 34.33 BP230 and BP180 40.28, 40.30, 40.36 documentation 28.80 butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane 26.62, in plague 30.55 carcinoma and 40.32–3 electrical see electrical burns 73.40 Bubostomum phlebotomum 37.16 children, differential diagnosis 40.50 epidemiology 25.2 butylated hydroxyanisole 22.11, 75.159 buccal fat-pad herniation 69.110 clinical features 40.31–2 fourth-degree 25.11 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) 22.11, buccal mucosa defi ned 40.26 full-thickness 14.10, 14.11, 25.11 73.6, 75.159 lichen planus 41.8, 41.9 differential diagnosis 40.34 gastrointestinal tract decompression butylhydroxyanisole (BHA) 73.8 pigmentation, Laugier–Hunziker drug-induced 40.32, 75.38 28.78 butylhydroxytoluene (BHT) 73.8 syndrome 58.14 elderly people 8.27 healing 14.10–11 Bwamba virus 33.67 Buckley’s syndrome see hyper-IgE immunizations and 40.32 hypertrophic scarring 28.84, 28.88–9 BXO (balanitis xerotica obliterans) 71.21 syndrome immunopathology 10.18, 10.19 laser 28.90 bypass procedures, in lymphoedema Budd–Chiari syndrome 49.29, 49.30 induced (various agents) 40.32 Erbium:YAG 53.7 48.25 budesonide 26.45 ocular features 67.20 Lund and Bowder charts 28.77, 28.79 bystander activation hypothesis, in Buehler test 26.11 oral involvement 69.65 malignant neoplasms 28.90–1 vasculitis 50.6 Buerger’s disease see thromboangiitis paraneoplastic 62.45 management obliterans pathogenesis 40.28 dressings 14.1 Buerger’s sign 47.2, 47.3 pathology 40.30 early management 14.11 C buffalo gnats 38.7 prognosis 40.34 fi rst aid and prehospital management C1 esterase inhibitor (C1INH) 12.49, 13.3, buffalo hump lipohypertrophy 46.41, renal involvement 62.71 28.75–6 13.4 46.42 treatment 40.35 fl uid resuscitation 28.77–8, 28.80–4 defi ciency 13.13, 22.1, 22.2, 22.20, buffalopox 33.8 methotrexate 74.18–19 general care 28.86 69.107 buffered phosphate solution 27.11–12 UV and PUVA inducing 40.32 immediate wound care 28.78 acquired 22.22–3 bugs (Hemiptera) 38.23–6 bullous pemphigoid antigens 3.30, 3.31 pain relief 28.79 hereditary angio-oedema and building-related illness 64.26 antibodies to 39.25 referral/transfer of the patient 28.80, 22.21–2 building trades, occupational hazards 5.6, BP180 (BPAG2; type XVII collagen) 28.82 kinins and 22.4, 22.5 27.2, 27.3, 27.18 3.36, 3.37, 40.28, 40.30, 40.36 surgical interventions 28.84–6 screening 13.18, 22.26 bulbar palsy 69.119 and ectodomain 40.46 triage 28.80 C1 inhibitor, decreased, in necrobiotic bulimia nervosa 64.21–2 in junctional EB 39.10, 39.25 wound management 28.84–6 xanthogranuloma 55.28 oral manifestations 69.115 monoclonal antibodies to 39.25 microwave radiation 28.90 C1q, C1r, C1s see complement bullae see also collagen, type XVII monitoring response to resuscitation C2 see complement arthropod bites inducing 38.3, 38.6 BP230 (BPAG1) 40.28, 40.30, 40.36 28.83–4 C3 see complement in bullous impetigo 30.15 antibodies to 39.25, 40.42 oral cavity 69.43, 69.88 C3H/HeJ mouse 2.18 in carbon monoxide poisoning 28.93–4 desmoplakin and 40.30 partial-thickness 14.10 C4-binding protein 13.3 in congenital syphilis 34.16 bullous pemphigoid-like eruption, orf 33.9 deep 14.10, 25.11 defi ciency 13.13 defi nition 5.8 bullous porphyria 59.5–6 superfi cial 14.10, 25.10–11 C5a peptidase 30.11 drug-induced 75.37–40 see also porphyria, cutaneous disease pathophysiology 28.74–5 C8-binding protein 13.4 in drug overdose 75.37 bullous systemic lupus erythematosus prevention and epidemiology 28.74 C-fi bres see nerves, C fi bres in epidermolysis bullosa 39.6, 39.7, 40.56–8 primary survey 28.75–6 c-Kit 3.21 39.8, 39.13, 39.14, 39.18 associated disease 40.57 Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection 30.49, c-kit mutation 54.4 see also epidermolysis bullosa (EB) clinical features 51.41 30.50 c-Myc 3.5 in Hailey–Hailey disease 39.33 differential diagnosis 40.57 Rule of Nines 28.77, 28.78 in wound healing 14.4 16 Index

C-PAN (cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa) calcipotriol (calcipotriene) 73.43, 73.45–6 camphor 73.48 angular cheilitis and 26.21, 69.122 50.37–9 adverse effects 26.46, 73.45, 75.163 hair regrowth and 73.39 balanitis due to 36.62, 36.68 C-reactive protein (CRP) 12.28, 12.32, combination therapies 73.45 camptodactyly 45.46–7 chronic erythematous/atrophic 36.60, 13.4, 13.19 indications 73.45–6 Campylobacter jejuni 22.8 69.88, 69.102–4 C-type lectins 12.10 in lichen sclerosus 51.118 in erysipelas/cellulitis 30.18 chronic hyperplastic 69.88, 69.89 C-reactive protein 13.4, 13.19 maximum recommended rate of use CAMs see adhesion molecules chronic mucocutaneous 13.13, 36.64–6, cabergoline, in restless legs syndrome 73.45 Canale–Smith syndrome 13.11, 13.23 69.26, 69.88 63.25 metabolism 73.45 canalete 26.80 autosomal dominant 36.65 cabinet makers, occupational hazards occlusion with 73.45 cancer autosomal recessive 36.65 26.20, 26.79, 27.18–19 in psoriasis 20.26, 73.45 familial syndromes 52.6 clinical features 36.64–5 cachectin see tumour necrosis factor combined with PUVA 20.30 as genetic disease 52.12 diagnosis 36.66 cacosmia 64.26 in psoriatic nail involvement 65.26 recurrent, lymphoedema 48.14 with endocrinopathy 36.65 CADASIL 50.47 structure 73.44 risk, communicating 72.2 hypoparathyroidism and 62.12 cadexomer–iodine, in wound cleansing topical, in lichen planus 41.18 see also carcinogenesis; malignant idiopathic 36.65 14.21 calcitonin, in complex regional pain disease; specifi c cancers immunodefi ciency and 17.66–7 cadherins 40.1–2 syndrome 63.21 cancer surveillance programme, in Peutz– immunology 36.65–6 adherens junctions 3.23, 40.2 calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) Jeghers syndrome 58.13 late onset 36.65 desmosomal 3.22 4.10, 12.25, 12.63, 12.64, 63.2, 63.3 cancer susceptibility modifying genes treatment 36.69 maintaining cell–cell adhesion 40.5 in atopic dermatitis 24.17 52.10–11 chronic nodular 36.61 paraneoplastic pemphigus 40.23 immune function and 63.4 cancerphobia 64.24–5 chronic oral multifocal (glossitis) 36.61, transmembranous 3.22 pruritus and 21.3, 21.4 cancrum oris 69.14 69.88, 69.105–6 Caenorhabditis elegans, genetics 15.1 in Raynaud’s phenomenon 63.4 candersartan 75.94 chronic plaque-like/hyperplastic caeruloplasmin triple response of Lewis and 63.5 Candida (leukoplakia) 36.60–1, 69.89, elevated levels 49.9 in wound healing 63.4 folliculitis 42.36 69.90, 69.91 in occipital horn syndrome 45.39 calcitriol 29.6, 73.43, 73.45 identifi cation 36.8 chronic pseudomembranous 36.60 Caesalpiniaceae 26.80 doses and effi cacy 73.45 immunodefi ciency and 17.53 congenital 17.47, 36.63, 36.69 café-au-lait macules (CALMs) 15.16–18 morphoea, localized 51.75 intralesional use, wart treatment 33.50 corticosteroids and 36.59, 36.61 café-au-lait spots 62.23, 62.33 in psoriasis 73.45 in otitis externa 68.21 Cushing’s syndrome and 36.58 differential diagnosis 54.9 structure 73.43, 73.44 in otomycosis 36.17 cutaneous 36.61–3, 36.64 laser therapy 78.10 calcium septicaemia 36.68 defi nition 36.56 McCune–Albright syndrome 58.18 abnormal oscillations, in Hailey–Hailey see also candidiasis in diabetes mellitus 36.58 neurofi bromatosis 58.23 disease 39.33 Candida africanus 69.105 diabetic dermopathy 59.78 skin biopsy 10.42 absorption increased by vitamin D Candida albicans 36.56 differential diagnosis 36.33, 50.55 caffeine, topical therapy 73.49 73.43 adherence 36.57 fl exural (intertriginous) 36.61, 36.64, CAGE questionnaire 64.47 deposition in external ear 68.18 allergy to 36.63–4 36.68 CAH see congenital adrenal hyperplasia Hailey–Hailey disease pathogenesis anogenital infections 71.2 genitocrural 71.5, 71.6 CAHMR syndrome 15.33 39.32–3 cutaneous carriage 36.56 histology 36.60 caine mix 68.24 metabolism changes 46.16 in denture-related stomatitis 6.103 in HIV infection 35.32, 35.45, 36.59–60, Calabar swelling 37.11 in nail plate 65.3 drug resistance 36.68 69.105 calamine 21.17, 73.2, 73.8 calcium channel blockers ecology 36.56–7 host factors 36.58–9 in miliaria 44.16 adverse effects 69.21, 75.94–5 ectodermal dysplasias 15.70 hypothyroidism and 36.58, 36.65 Calammatobacterium granulomatis 34.36 in hyperhidrosis 44.12 female genital infections 71.68 immunodefi ciency and 36.59 calcaneal petechiae 28.16, 28.31 oedema associated 48.6 gastrointestinal tract carriage 36.56, interdigital 36.61 calcifi c uraemic arteriolopathy see platelet function abnormalities 49.13 36.58 laboratory diagnosis 36.8, 36.66–7 calciphylaxis telangiectasia with 47.15–16 genitocrural infections 71.6–7 male genital 71.32 calcifi cation in vibration injury 28.58 in HIV infection 69.105 napkin (diaper) 36.62, 36.68–9 after acne 42.78 in wound healing 14.24 identifi cation 36.9, 36.66–7 neonatal 17.25, 17.46–7 dystrophic 62.45 calcium hydroxyapatite 80.4–5 in infantile gluteal granuloma 17.27 nodular/granulomatous of napkin area iatrogenic dystrophic neonatal 17.14 calcium pyrophosphate deposition intravenous drug abuse 28.53 36.63 metastatic 62.45 disease 59.102 male genital infections 71.9, 71.17, oesophageal, in HIV infection 35.32 calcifying panniculitis with renal calculus, cutaneous 56.2 71.18, 71.24, 71.32 onychomycosis due to 36.63, 36.64, failure 46.16 calf muscle pump 47.25 napkin dermatitis and 17.23–4 36.65, 36.69 osteoma cutis 42.78 calf vein, thrombosis 47.29 in onycholysis 65.10 oral 36.60–1, 36.64, 69.13, 69.22, pinnal 59.69, 62.5 caliciviruses 33.2 oral carriage 36.56, 36.58, 69.88 69.88–889 of skin 59.68–70 Calliphora 38.8 in otomycosis 68.27 in HIV infection 35.32, 35.43 small vessel 47.8–9 Calliphoridae 38.8 persorption 36.56 treatment 36.68 subcutaneous 49.47 callosities polymorphism 36.56, 36.57 paronychia due to 9.18, 36.63, 36.64, venous leg ulcers 47.46 mechanical injury 28.10–12, 28.25, strains 36.57 36.69, 65.21 calcifying chondrodysplasia 45.8 28.26 vaginal carriage 36.56 pathogenesis 36.57–60 calcifying fi brous tumour/pseudotumour painful hereditary 19.102 virulence 36.57 perianal/perineal 36.62, 71.92 56.6–7 calluses see also candidiasis scrotal 36.62 calcineurin inhibitors 73.31–4, 74.16–17 defi nition 5.7 candida antigen test 5.24 systemic 36.91 in dermatomyositis 51.129 mechanical injury 28.2, 28.10–12, 28.31 Candida dubliniensis 36.56, 36.67, 36.68, treatment 36.67–9 female genital dermatology 71.64 plantar warts vs 33.44 69.105 urticaria and 22.10 in psoriasis 20.25 CALMs (café-au-lait macules) 15.16–18 Candida glabrata 36.56, 36.67, 36.68, 68.25 vulvovaginal 36.61–2, 36.68 treatment, psoriasis 20.25, 20.42 Calocedrus decurrens 26.80 in HIV infection 69.105 see also Candida calcineurin pathway 13.6 calomel 75.160 Candida inconspicua 69.105 candidide 23.9, 36.63–4 calcinosis caloric restriction, obesity management Candida krusei canicola fever 30.66 calcifying panniculitis vs 46.16 46.8 drug resistance 36.67, 36.68 canine oral papillomavirus 33.42 penile 71.36 calponin 10.22 fungaemia, in HIV/AIDS 35.32 canities see hair, greying post-phlebitis subcutaneous 47.46 Calymmatobacterium granulomatis 30.61–2 in HIV infection 35.32, 69.105 canker sores (recurrent aphthous scrotal 71.35–6 female genital infection 71.71 identifi cation 36.9, 36.66 stomatitis) 69.44–6, 69.48 in systemic sclerosis 51.95 CAM 5.2 10.12, 10.20–1 Candida lusitaniae 36.56, 36.68 cannabinoid receptors 21.2 calcinosis cutis 62.44, 62.72 Cam 5.2 10.12, 53.39, 53.40, 53.43 Candida parapsilosis 36.56 cannabis calciphylaxis 50.54 Camarena syndrome 15.32 in HIV infection 69.105 adverse effects 70.5 calciphylaxis (calcifi c uraemic Camisa’s syndrome (loricrin Candida tropicalis 36.56 mechanical injury 28.53 arteriolopathy) 46.17, 47.8–9, keratoderma) 19.3, 19.19, 19.94, in HIV infection 69.105 canning industry, occupational hazards 49.47–8, 62.12, 62.70–1 19.98 identifi cation 36.9, 36.66 27.18 calcifying panniculitis with renal failure camoufl age Candida zeylanoides 36.56 Cannon’s disease (white-sponge naevus) 46.16 in androgenetic alopecia 66.24 candidiasis 36.56–69 35.43, 69.23–4 differential diagnosis 47.9 animals 2.5, 2.6 acute erythematous (atrophic oral) Cantagalo virus 33.8 hyperparathyroidism and 49.47 cAMP see cyclic AMP (cAMP) 36.60, 69.8, 69.88, 69.89, 69.104–5 cantharides, hair regrowth and 73.39 male genital dermatology 71.25 Campath 13.25 acute pseudomembranous 36.60, 36.64, cantharidin 25.4, 38.26 perianal/perineal dermatology 71.90 Campbell de Morgan spots (cherry 36.68, 69.88–9 molluscum contagiosum 33.12 risk factors 49.47 angioma) 47.13, 47.15 aetiology 36.56–7 wart treatment 33.49

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–24.34; Volume 2, pp. 25.1–44.22; Volume 3, pp. 45.1–62.113; Volume 4, pp. 63.1–80.14 Index 17

canthaxanthin 75.162 carboxypolymethylene (Carbomer BP) 73.2 carcinoma simplex 71.74 caspases Cantú’s syndrome 58.20 carbromal 75.81 carcinoma telangiectoides 62.15 activation 12.12 Canvaxin whole-cell vaccine 54.54 non-thrombocytopenic purpura due to carcinosarcoma, ear 68.34 defi ciency 13.15 CAP fl uoroimmunoassay 5.24, 13.16, 49.21 CARD15 gene 62.48 caspofungin 36.68, 74.48 22.19, 22.26 carbuncle 30.24–5 in Blau syndrome 61.16 Castellani’s paint 36.48, 36.49, 73.48 acute urticaria 22.26 ear 68.19 cardiac arrhythmias Castleman’s disease occupational dermatoses 27.7 carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) 10.21, pimozide therapy 64.16 HHV-8 and 33.34 CAP syndrome 45.46 62.16 in sarcoidosis 61.7 in HIV infection 35.41 capacitance images 72.11 extramammary Paget’s disease 53.40 cardiac disease 62.75–80 multicentric 56.24 capecitabine 75.129 malignant eccrine poroma 53.32 keratoderma and woolly hair and Castleman’s tumour capillaries 3.50–1 Paget’s disease of nipple 53.39 19.94, 19.107 lichen planus and 41.16 in angioma serpiginosum 47.16–17 carcinogenesis see also specifi c diseases paraneoplastic pemphigus 40.23 chronically dilated 47.12 initiation phase 52.12–13 cardiac failure, venous leg ulcers and pemphigus 40.4 formation 47.1 multistage 52.29 47.47 castor oil 73.6 fragility, testing 49.5 murine model 52.12–13, 52.15, 52.29 cardiac monitoring, burns 28.83 castration and hair loss 66.13–14, leakage from 49.5 photoproduct formation and 52.14 cardiac myxoma 49.37, 50.54 66.14–15 malformations 18.62–70, 18.79 progression phase 52.12, 52.13 cardiac pacemakers 62.79 cat(s) pressure 49.5 promotion phase 52.12, 52.13 cardiac rhabdomyomas 15.23 alopecia 2.18, 2.19 raised pressure, venous disorders thermal injury 28.72 Cardiff Acne Disability Index (CADI) atopic dermatitis 2.13–14 47.26, 47.27, 47.42 carcinogens 42.35, 72.20 bites from 38.60–1 stasis, venous microcirculatory chemical 52.4–5 Cardiff Human Mutation Database 15.1, bullous pemphigoid 2.14–15 disturbance 47.26, 49.15 multistage carcinogenesis in murine 15.5 cowpox infection association 33.7 thrombosis, venous leg ulceration and model 52.12 cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome 15.32, Demodex infestation 2.10 47.42 exposure to 62.46–7 18.70, 62.77 fungal infections 2.12–13 capillaritis 49.4, 49.22, 75.23 carcinoid crisis, acute 43.19 cardiolipin 51.63 lice 2.10 classifi cation 49.3 carcinoid syndrome 43.17–20, 62.40, 62.43 cardiovascular disease lupus erythematosus 2.16 capillaroscopy, in rosacea 43.1 clinical features 43.17–18 Degos’ disease 49.46 Malassezia dermatitis 2.14 capillary malformation–arteriovenous diagnosis 43.19 Erdheim–Chester disease 55.18 mast cell tumours 2.22 malformation syndrome 18.79 fl ushing 43.14, 43.17–18 oral manifestations 69.117 melanomas 2.20–1 capillary malformations 47.23, 47.25 foods associated 43.18, 43.19, 43.19 venous leg ulcers and 47.43 neoplastic skin disease 2.19–20, capillary microscopy 47.26, 49.2 morphoea and 51.78 cardiovascular system 2.20–1 purpura 49.6 pigmentation 58.25 drugs acting on 75.89–98 sarcoids 2.22 Capnocytophaga canimorsus 38.60 prognosis 43.19 in Kawasaki disease 50.46 scabies 2.10 CAPS (cryopyrin-associated periodic rosacea vs 43.5 in Marfan’s syndrome 45.30 staphylococcal skin infections 2.12 syndrome) 22.24–5, 50.53, 62.69 treatment 43.19 in pseudoxanthoma elasticum 45.21, superfi cial necrolytic dermatitis 2.17 capsaicin 12.65–6, 73.49 tumours associated 43.17, 43.18 45.22 vitiligo 2.23 action at vanilloid receptors 21.2, 63.2 carcinoid tumours 43.17 in SLE 51.43, 62.78 white, SCC in 2.19, 2.20 in atopic dermatitis 24.18 surgical excision 43.19 in syphilis 34.14 cat bites 38.60–1 in chromhidrosis 44.21 carcinoma care pathways 72.26 cat scratch disease 30.56–7, 38.11, 38.60, dermatitis due to 9.13 adenocystic, primary cutaneous 53.37 careers, skin disease in adolescence and 61.5 in notalgia paraesthetica 63.23 adenoid cystic 53.37 8.6, 8.7–8 cat scratch fever antigen 5.24 in post-herpetic neuralgia 63.7 basal cell see basal cell carcinoma (BCC) Carey syndrome 15.32 cat-scratch fever antigen 5.24 in pruritus 21.17 basisquamous basal cell 52.22–3 Caripito itch 38.29 catagen 3.7, 3.13, 66.7–8, 66.11 topical, in zoster and post-herpetic breast see breast cancer carmustine (BCNU) 57.23 cataract neuralgia 33.28 burn scar 28.91 adverse effects 26.46, 75.126 in atopic dermatitis 24.24–5 capsaicin-sensitive C-fi bres 12.64 cervical, HPV association 33.39, 33.54 Carney complex (Carney’s syndrome) corticosteroid-induced 67.15, 67.16, capsule endoscopy 48.27 dyskeratosis congenita 15.79 54.3–4, 58.14, 62.25, 62.33, 62.78– 67.31, 74.3 captan 26.58 eccrine, eyelids 67.36 9, 69.28 in NF2 62.23 captopril 75.93 genetics 15.27 breast involvement 70.17 cataract, hypertrichosis, mental car assemblers, risk of occupational lymphoepithelioma-like 53.41–2 with endocrine autoimmune conditions retardation syndrome 15.33 dermatoses 27.2 Merkel cell see Merkel cell carcinoma 62.13 cataract–alopecia–sclerodactyly syndrome carate (pinta) 30.63–4 microcystic adnexal 53.35–6 carotenaemia 59.60, 62.64 15.33 carba mix 26.64 mucinous 53.36–7 pigmentation 58.53 catecholamines 12.65, 63.3 carbamazepine 64.52 mucoepidermoid, external auditory carotene 75.33 biosynthesis, defect in vitiligo adverse effects 75.84 canal 68.33 excess 58.53 58.47 erythroderma 23.47 multicentric, male genitalia 71.42 β-carotene, oral supplements 58.53 menopausal fl ushing and 8.20 in complex regional pain syndrome nasopharyngeal, EBV association 33.30 carotenoids 2.5, 5.15, 58.2 β-catenin 3.4, 3.23, 66.10 63.21 oat cell, of bronchus, pigmentation carpal tunnel syndrome 63.11, 63.14 hair-follicle tumours 53.2 eccrine gland secretion 44.18 changes 58.25 due to tuberculous gumma 31.20 pilomatricarcinoma 53.14 isotretinoin interaction 42.65 penile 71.40–3 carpenters, occupational hazards 26.20, pilomatricoma 53.13 carbapenems 74.40, 75.51–2 primary neuroendocrine of skin see 26.79, 27.18–19 catenins 40.1–2, 66.10 carbaryl (carbaril) 38.19, 38.20, 73.14 Merkel cell carcinoma Carpenter’s syndrome 62.13 catering industry, occupational hazards lice infestations 73.14 pruritus, in old age and 8.27 carpet beetles 25.21 27.19 carbidopa 75.88 scrotal 27.15–16, 52.4, 52.25, 71.43–4 Carpoglyphidae 38.47 caterpillars 25.21, 38.28–30 carbimazole 18.102 sebaceous 42.87–8, 67.10 Carpoglyphus passularum (lactis) 38.47 catfi sh 38.59 carbohydrate recognition domains eyelids 67.35–6 carprofen 75.74 cathelicidin peptides 12.5, 12.6, (CRDs) 12.10 spindle-cell 97.18 carrion’s disease (Oroya fever) 30.57–8, 12.12 Carbomer BP 73.2 squamous cell see squamous cell 35.25 cathelicidins 3.2–3, 3.16, 3.17, 4.5, 30.4, carbon, in tattoo pigments, allergic carcinoma (SCC) cartilage–hair hypoplasia syndrome 30.5, 36.21, 43.2 reactions 58.58 superfi cial spreading, male genitalia 13.13, 15.32, 15.93 increased expression in rosacea 3.16, carbon dioxide laser 78.13 71.41–2 Carukia barnesi 38.56 43.2 in juvenile xanthogranuloma 55.16 syringoid eccrine 53.36 caruncles, urethral 71.73 see also LL-37 in lichen planus 41.18 trichilemmal 53.6, 68.34 Carvajal disease/syndrome 19.94, 19.107, cathepsins 13.4 pulsed, eruptive vellus cyst 53.7 verrucous see verrucous carcinoma 66.70 cathepsins B, C and D 12.49 in steatocystoma multiplex 42.88 vertical growth, male genitalia 71.42 l-carvone 26.17 cattle in vulval lichen sclerosus 51.118 see also malignant disease Carybdea rastoni 38.56 fungal infections 2.12 wart treatment 33.49 carcinoma cuniculatum 33.55 Casal’s necklace 59.63 photosensitivity 2.23 in xanthoma disseminatum 55.21 carcinoma en cuirasse 62.15–16 case defi nition 26.3 Trichophyton verrucosum 2.9, 2.12 see also laser therapy carcinoma erysipeloides (telangiectatica) case reports 7.3, 7.4 cauda equina 63.16 carbon disulphide 25.20 48.31, 62.15, 62.16, 70.14 case series 7.3 causalgia see complex regional pain carbon monoxide poisoning 28.93–4 genitocrural dermatology 71.8 case–control studies 6.3, 6.19, 7.3, 7.4, syndrome nails in 65.15 carcinoma in situ 26.2 causation of skin disease 6.11, 6.13, carboplatin 75.133–4 female genitalia 71.74 appraisal 7.14–15, 7.15 6.17–18, 6.18 carboxypeptidase 12.25 male genitalia 71.37–9, 71.46 cashew nut oil 26.18, 26.75 caustics 77.47–8 carboxypeptidase N 13.4 perianal/perineal 71.90, 71.97 cashew nuts 26.22 wart treatment 33.49 18 Index cautery ligand see CD154 dissecting 9.9–10 cerumen 68.2–3 actinic keratosis 52.31 in vasculitis 50.4 ear 68.19 in alkaptonuria 68.18 Bowen’s disease 52.34 CD44 13.8 eosinophilic (Well’s syndrome) 46.12, dry/wet 68.2 non-melanoma skin cancer 52.16 CD45 10.25 46.33–4, 62.87 impacted 68.11, 68.21, 68.25 see also electrocautery CD45RA 13.10 facial 30.18 lack of 68.21 cave tick 38.35 CD45RO 13.10 gangrenous 30.68 removal 68.2–3 caviuna vermelha 26.81 CD46 13.3 HIV infection 35.24 cerumenolytics 68.3, 68.25 cayenne pepper spots 49.24 measles virus receptor 33.75 in lymphatic fi lariasis 37.9 ceruminous glands 68.2 CBT see cognitive behavioural therapy CD54, expressed by dermal dendrocytes lymphoedema and 48.12, 48.15, 48.17 tumours 68.28–9, 68.29–30 (CBT) 55.4 management 48.24 cervical auricle/tab 18.84, 18.85 CC1–CC27 12.45–6 CD55 13.3 male genital dermatology 71.29–30 cervical carcinoma, HPV association see also chemokines CD56 10.21, 10.25, 13.6, 53.43 necrotizing 30.68 33.39, 33.54 CCAAT-enhancer-binding proteins CD59 14.4 neuropathic ulcer and 63.9 cervical examinations 71.53 (C/EBPs) 46.3 CD68 10.24, 55.18 orbital 30.18 cervical infection, gonococcal 34.25 CCL5/RANTES mRNA 12.11 histiocytes 55.15, 55.20, 55.22 neonatal 17.44 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) CCL18 12.46 CD70 13.10 perianal/perineal 30.32–3, 71.91–2 HPV and 33.54 CCL21 48.4, 48.5, 48.6 CD79a 10.25 periorbital 30.18 treatment 73.24 CCL27 12.46 CD80 13.11, 55.3, 55.4 preorbital, neonatal 17.44 cervical rib 63.14, 63.24 CCR1–CCR11, chemokine receptors CD81 13.3 preseptal 67.4 cervical spinal involvement, psoriatic 12.47–8 CD86 13.11, 55.3, 55.4 racial infl uences 9.18 arthritis 20.57 CCR5 55.3 CD88 recurrent 30.18, 30.20, 48.29 cervicitis inhibition, HIV infection treatment receptor for anaphylatoxin C5a 12.24–5 lymphoedema 48.12, 48.24 anterior, chlamydial 34.29, 34.30 35.6 see also complement, C5a scalp see perifolliculitis capitis gonococcal 34.26 CCR6 55.1, 55.3 CD95 13.11 abscedens et suffodiens cervix, syphilitic chancre 34.7, 34.18 CCR7 48.6, 55.3 CD117 (Kit) 3.19–20 tongue 30.18 cestodes 37.2, 37.3, 37.24–7 CD nomenclature 10.25 see also KIT gene mutations treatment 30.19–20 cetamolol 75.91 CD1 13.10 CD150, measles virus receptor 33.75 isotretinoin 74.34 cetearyl (cetostearyl) alcohol 26.58–9 CD1 complex 55.1, 55.3 CD154 (CD40 ligand) 13.8, 13.10, 13.11 venous leg ulcers 47.50 cetirizine 22.29, 74.31 CD1a 10.24, 55.3 defi ciency (X-linked hyper-IgM cement adverse effects 75.149 antibodies 55.9 syndrome) 13.10, 13.12, 13.23, allergic contact dermatitis to 26.15 in urticaria 22.28 Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis (LCH) 17.50, 17.63–4 burns 25.11, 25.12, 27.12 cetomacrogols 73.7 cells 55.7 idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura as irritant 25.20, 27.6 cetostearyl alcohol 73.2, 73.7 sinus histiocytosis with massive 49.9 centipedes 38.54 cetrimide 73.14 lymphadenopathy 55.29 CD207 10.24 central nervous system (CNS) cetuximab 75.132 CD1b, CD1c 55.3 CDAGS syndrome 15.91 in Erdheim–Chester disease 55.18 Ceylon ebony 26.80 CD2 10.25 CDH3 gene mutations 3.24 in juvenile xanthogranuloma 55.16 CFS (cutaneous fi eld stimulation) 62.23 CD3 10.25, 13.8 CDKN2A gene 54.33, 54.48, 62.21 in Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis CGD see chronic granulomatous disease CD4 13.7, 13.8 CEA see carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) 55.11–12 CGRP see calcitonin gene-related peptide HIV receptor 35.3 CEAP classifi cation, chronic venous lesions, hyperhidrosis and 44.9, 44.10 CH3/HeJ mouse 66.33 CD4+/CD56+ haematodermic neoplasm insuffi ciency 47.32 in primary angiitis 50.47 chaetae, annelid worms 2.2 (blastic NK-cell lymphoma) cefaclor 74.41 in sarcoidosis 61.7 Chagas’ (Chagas–Mazza) disease see 57.39–40 cefalexin 74.41 in secondary syphilis 34.11 trypanosomiasis, CD4+ small/medium sized pleomorphic celecoxib 75.77 in sinus histiocytosis with massive American/South-American T-cell lymphomas 57.36–7 cell adhesion 12.68–75 lymphadenopathy (SHML) chagoma, inoculation 37.32 CD4 T-cells see T lymphocytes, helper cell–cell adhesion, CX3CR1 12.48 55.29 chalazion 67.11, 67.34 (Th/CD4+) see also adhesion molecules in xanthoma disseminatum 55.21 chalk, as irritant 25.20 CD5 10.25 cell apoptosis Centre of Evidence-Based Dermatology chalone hypothesis 66.9 CD7 10.25 and infl ammation 12.11–12 6.14 chamomile 66.97 CD8 13.7, 13.8 see also apoptosis centrofacial lentiginosis syndrome 69.28 Chanarin–Dorfman syndrome (neutral CD8+ aggressive epidermotropic T-cell cell markers Centruroides 38.33 lipid storage disease with lymphomas (provisional) analysis 13.22–3 CEP see congenital erythropoietic ichthyosis) 19.52–4 57.35–6 panels 10.12 porphyria (CEP) chancre CD8+ class I pathway, T cells 12.13 cell-mediated immunity (CMI) Cephalonomia gallicola 38.14 lymphogranulomatous 30.70 CD8 T-cells see T lymphocytes, cytotoxic acne scarring 42.26–7 cephalosporins 74.40–1 soft see chancroid (Tc/CD8+) in HIV infection 35.3–4 adverse effects 75.50–1 syphilitic 34.6–7, 69.78 CD10 10.26 to HPV 33.42 urticaria 22.8 lips 69.121 CD13 55.31 in measles 33.75 gonorrhoea management 34.28 trypanosomal 37.30 CD14 13.5, 55.31 in pregnancy 8.11 ceramides 3.10, 4.2, 4.3, 12.14–15 tuberculous 31.8, 31.10, 31.11–12 CD16 13.6 in varicella and zoster 33.23 accumulation 59.36 Chancre redux 34.7 CD18 see complement receptors, CR3 cell wall antagonists (antifungals) 74.48 in atopic dermatitis 24.22 chancroid 30.47, 34.34–5, 71.71, 71.93 CD19 13.3, 13.8 cellist’s chest 28.25–6 Cerapterus concolor 38.27 HIV co-infection 34.34–5 CD20 10.25 cellular adhesion molecules see adhesion Ceratophyllidae 38.11 syphilitic chancre vs 34.7 CD21 see complement receptors, CR2 molecules Ceratopogonidae 38.6, 38.7 CHANDS 15.35, 15.63, 15.65 (CD21) cellular components of infl ammation cercariae 37.20–1, 37.23 Channa striata 31.31 CD23 13.3 12.14 cercarial dermatitis 28.55, 37.20, 37.22–3, charcoal, in fi sh odour syndrome 44.20 CD25 13.8 cellular retinoic acid binding proteins 38.56, 38.57 Charcot neuroarthropathy 47.58 CD27 13.10 (CRABP-1 and -II) 73.34–5, 73.35 cercopithecine herpesvirus 1 (CeHV-1) Charcot–Leyden crystal protein 13.5 CD28 13.10–11 cellular retinol binding proteins (CRBP-I 33.34–5 Charcot’s joints 63.15 CD28 agonist, ‘cytokine storm’ 74.4 and -II) 73.34–5, 73.35 cerebellar syndrome, Langerhans’ cell CHARGE syndrome 68.3 CD30 10.25 cellulite 46.9–10 histiocytosis (LCH) 55.12 Charle’s operation 37.10 CD30+ lymphoproliferative disorders classifi cation and stages 46.9 cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy Charles’ procedure 48.25 57.29–34 hard vs fl accid types 46.9 with subcortical infarcts and Chediak–Higashi syndrome 12.23, 13.6, lymphomatoid papulosis 57.29–30 management 46.10 leucoencephalopathy (CADASIL) 13.13, 17.79–80, 58.41–2, 62.28, primary cutaneous (anaplastic) CD30+ oedematous 46.9 50.47 62.95 large cell lymphoma 57.31–3 cellulitis 4.5, 30.17–21 cerebral cavernous malformation 18.74 bacterial infection and 30.8 T-cell lymphomas 57.29–30 acute 48.24 cerebral palsy 69.119 neutrophils in 17.78–9 CD31 10.23 see also erysipelas cerebrospinal fl uid (CSF) oral involvement 69.33, 69.117 platelet–endothelial cell adhesion after arthropod bites/stings 38.2 in sarcoidosis 61.7 cheeks molecule (PECAM-1) 12.73 bacteriology 30.17–18 in secondary syphilis 34.11 biting 69.87–8 CD33 55.31 clinical features 30.18, 30.19, 30.20 syphilis diagnosis 34.21 sebaceous glands 42.1 CD34 10.22, 10.23, 13.7 clostridial 30.68 viral infection diagnosis 33.4 spontaneous atrophic scarring 45.7 CD34 cells 55.1, 55.3 complications 30.18 cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis 59.91 cheilitis 69.119–28 CD35 13.3 defi nition 5.7, 30.17 cernunnos defi ciency 17.58 actinic 52.37, 69.123–4, 78.14 CD40 13.10, 13.11 diagnosis 30.18–19 certolizumab, psoriasis 74.5 treatment 73.23, 73.24 defi ciency 13.10 differential diagnosis 26.29, 30.19 ceruloderma 58.36 aetiology 69.119

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–24.34; Volume 2, pp. 25.1–44.22; Volume 3, pp. 45.1–62.113; Volume 4, pp. 63.1–80.14 Index 19

allergic 26.17, 26.41, 26.48 skin cancer 75.124 stigmatization 64.6–7 4-chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol angular 26.17, 26.21, 36.61, 36.68, 64.22, syringosquamous metaplasia 75.123 suction purpura 28.24 (chloroxylenol) 26.56, 73.14 69.122–3 carcinoid tumours 43.19 topical therapy, quantities 73.3, 73.4 17α-chloro steroids 42.16 in Down’s syndrome 69.38–9 combination, male genital dermatology UVR exposure and standard erythema chloroacetate esterase reaction 10.9 contact 69.119–20 71.44 dose 29.4 chloroatranol 26.77 drug-induced 69.121 juvenile xanthogranuloma 55.16–17 see also infancy and childhood chlorobenzene 25.20 eczematous 69.119 malignant histiocytosis 55.33 Children’s Dermatology Life Quality chlorobiphenyl oxides 27.12 exfoliative (factitious) 69.127–8 melanoma induction 54.48 Index 72.23 chlorobiphenyls 27.12 factitious 64.39–40 sinus histiocytosis with massive Children’s Life Quality Index 72.23 chlorocresol 26.56–7, 73.8 glandular 69.124–5 lymphadenopathy 55.30 Chilopoda (centipedes) 38.54 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine granulomatous (Miescher’s) 48.16, squamous cell carcinoma 52.28 CHIME syndrome 19.60 juvenile xanthogranuloma 55.16 61.23, 69.60, 69.125–7 topical, nitrogen mustard and chimera (human), with pigment Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis (LCH) infective 69.121 carmustine (BCNU) 57.23 anomalies 58.23 55.13 irritant dermatitis and 25.16 see also cytotoxic drugs; specifi c chimeric animals 2.8 chloroform 25.3, 25.19 lip-lick 23.3, 24.22, 24.23 chemotherapeutic drugs chimerism 18.1 chloronaphthalenes 27.12 plasma-cell 69.128 chest X-ray, burns 28.84 chimney sweeps, scrotal carcinoma chlorophenols 27.12 retinoid 42.63 chest–abdomen sign 62.80 27.15–16, 52.25 Chlorophora excelsa 26.81 Volkmann’s 69.124 cheveux incoiffables 66.71–2 chin, swelling (gnathophyma) 43.9, 43.10 Chloropidae 38.6 cheiloplasty 69.126 Cheyletiella 38.4, 38.49–50 chin crease, in pseudoxanthoma elasticum chloroquine 74.25–6 cheilosis 69.122 animal infestation 2.10 45.22 adverse effects 75.69–70 solar see cheilitis, actinic chi-square test 7.20 Chinese folk medicine, coin-rubbing hair colour changes 66.94 cheiroarthropathy 45.62 Chiari’s syndrome 63.14 28.25 hypermelanosis 58.30 cheiropompholyx 23.16 ‘chicken skin’ appearance 45.21, 45.22 Chinese herbal medicine nail colour changes 65.16 chemical carcinogens 52.4–5 chickenpox see varicella adverse effects 26.45, 26.46, 75.160–1 ocular 67.31 multistage carcinogenesis in murine Chiclero’s ulcer 37.35, 37.39–41 carcinogens in 52.5 pruritus 37.27 model 52.12 chigger 38.50, 38.51 systemic agents 74.52 in discoid lupus erythematosus 51.20 see also chemicals chigoe 38.12–13 ‘Chinese letter pattern,’ pigmentation in in sarcoidosis 61.21 chemical damage, self infl icted 64.37–8 Chikungunya virus 33.66, 33.67 incontinentia pigmenti 58.16 in Sjögren’s syndrome 51.138 chemical depigmentation 58.50–1 male genital infection 71.33 Chinese restaurant syndrome 43.16 chloroxylenol 26.56, 73.14 chemical/gas/petroleum plant chilblain lupus 51.11–12 Chinese traditional medicine 72.31, 72.32 chlorphenamine 74.31 operatives, risk of occupational chilblains see perniosis Chiracanthium 38.32 chlorphenesin 26.58 dermatoses 27.2 child abuse Chironex fl eckeri 38.56, 38.57 chlorpheniramine 22.29 chemical industry, occupational hazards anogenital signs 71.15 Chironomidae 38.7 chlorpromazine 64.52, 75.82 27.19 bites 38.61 chiropractic 72.32 adverse effects, hyperpigmentation chemical peels 80.9–10 burns 28.34, 28.35, 28.90, 28.91–2 chitin 36.1 58.29, 75.33 in acne vulgaris 42.68, 42.69 clinical features 28.34–5 Chlamydia 30.70–2 chlorpropamide, adverse effects 75.156 in actinic keratosis 52.32 differential diagnosis 28.36 Chlamydia psittaci 30.71–2 chlorpropamide–alcohol fl ushing 43.16 chemical pigmentation, eyelids 67.5 emotional abuse 28.34, 28.38–9 Chlamydia trachomatis 30.70–1 chlortalidone (chlorthalidone) 75.98 chemicals female genital dermatology 71.57 A-C strains 34.29 chlortetracycline 74.41 acne induced by 27.12–15 mechanical injury 28.34–9 abscesses of Bartholin’s gland 71.68 chocolate, acne and 42.33–4 assessment of dermatitic potential mouth ulcers and 69.43 D-K strains 34.29 cholecalciferol see vitamin D 27.10–11 neglect 28.34, 28.38–9 developmental cycle 34.29 cholera 6.11 burns due to 27.11–12 perianal/perineal dermatology 71.84 direct fl uorescent antibody test 34.30, cholestasis contact purpura due to 49.21 physical abuse 28.34–7 34.31 pruritus in 21.9–10 defi nition 75.1 sexual 8.3, 28.34, 28.37–8, 71.57, 71.84 elementary bodies 34.29 recurrent in pregnancy 8.13 exposure to 75.162–3 anogenital warts 33.40, 33.41 genital infections 34.29–32 cholestasis–lymphoedema syndrome leukoderma due to 27.15 differential diagnosis 8.3 perianal/perineal infections 71.93, 48.10 photosensitivity in animals and 2.23 molluscum contagiosum 33.11 71.97 cholesteatoma, external auditory canal pigmentation due to 58.54, 58.56–7 CHILD syndrome 18.27, 19.3, 19.57–8 persistence 34.31 68.28, 68.35 pigmented purpuric dermatoses due to childbirth 8.9–16 reticulate bodies 34.29 cholesterol 49.23 childhood serovars L1, L2, L3 34.32, 34.33 biosynthesis, inhibition, in sebocytes scleroderma due to 45.52, 75.43 defi nition 8.2 vaginal discharge 71.53 42.5 skin tumours, retinoic acid therapy see also children; infancy and childhood chlamydial infections, genital 34.29–32 embolism 50.54 73.36 childhood cancer, melanoma risk 54.15 clinical features and complications in epidermis 3.11 see also chemical carcinogens children 34.29–30 LDL of standard lipid profi le, chemokines 12.44–8 acne 42.75–6 diagnosis 34.30–1 Friedewald formula 59.84 in atopic dermatitis 24.7 AIDS case defi nition 35.5 epidemiology 34.2, 34.29 metabolism 66.83 CC1–CC27 12.45–6 anogenital warts 33.46 management 34.31 reverse transport 59.82–3 classic role 12.44 transmission 33.40–1 chlamydoconidia 36.3, 36.4, 36.74 in sebum 42.5 CXCL chemokine/receptor family antiphospholipid antibody syndrome chloasma 58.25, 58.34–5, 75.33 cholesterol clefts 52.45 (CXCL1–15) 12.45, 12.46–7 49.51 differential diagnosis 36.11 in necrobiotic xanthogranuloma 55.28 Langerhans’ cells migration 55.3, atopic dermatitis pigmentation in pregnancy 8.10 cholesterol crystals 46.16 55.4 concordance with therapy 72.6 chloracetamide 26.58 cholesterol embolization syndrome (CES) leukocyte–endothelial interactions quality of life assessment 64.10, 72.23 chloracne 27.12–15, 42.31, 42.34, 42.77 49.37 12.44 drug responses and metabolism 72.28 chemicals causing 42.77 cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) in lichen planus 41.1 frictional dermatitis 28.14 ophthalmic 42.77 59.83 modulation of angiogenesis during granulomatous perioral dermatitis treatment 42.77 cholesterol esters tumour growth 12.48 43.12, 43.13 chloral hydrate 75.81 in sebum 42.5 nomenclature, systematic names and herpes simplex 33.15, 33.20 chlorambucil in Tangier disease 59.91 ligands 12.45 HIV infection 35.44–5 adverse effects 75.124–5 cholesterol sulphatase, defi ciency 19.9, receptors 12.47–8 medication errors 72.26 in necrobiotic xanthogranuloma 55.28 19.11–12 subfamilies 12.44 melanomas 54.15, 54.48–9 in systemic sclerosis 51.108 cholesterol sulphate, in epidermis 4.2 chemosurgery 77.29 molluscum contagiosum 33.12 chloramphenicol 26.17, 26.46, 74.43 cholesterolosis, extracellular 50.26 tattoo removal 58.59 obesity and BMI 46.5–7 adverse effects 75.5, 75.59, 75.61 cholinesterase inhibitor, see also Mohs’ micrographic surgery prevalence studies of skin disease bone marrow aplasia 74.43 organophosphorus 73.14 chemotherapy 6.7–8 chlordane 75.163 chondritis, ear 45.42, 45.43, 68.7, adverse effects 75.121–36 psoriasis, treatment 73.45 chlordiazepoxide 75.81 68.19–20 acral erythema 75.122–3 psychocutaneous disorders chlorhexidine 14.21, 26.58, 30.7, 73.14 chondrocytes, origin 12.30 alopecia 75.45 factitious 64.38, 64.39 adverse effects 75.164 chondrodermatitis nodularis 68.12–13, extravasation 75.122 skin picking 64.28 in impetigo 30.16 77.36, 77.37 hyperpigmentation 75.33 trichotillomania 64.30–1 use in neonates 17.2, 17.44 chondrodermatitis nodularis helicis 51.95, internal malignant disease 75.124 purpura fulminans 49.51 chloride, in sweat 44.5 62.99, 62.102 mucositis 69.82 quality of life assessment 64.10, 72.23–4 chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons, acne chondrodysplasia neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis rubella 33.70 associated see chloracne calcifying 45.8 44.16–17, 75.123 skin 8.3 chlorinated salicylanilides 26.23 metaphyseal, of McKusick 15.93 20 Index chondrodysplasia punctata (variant chronic actinic dermatitis (CAD) 26.24, ciclosporin 13.24, 73.31, 74.16 cirrhosis CDPX2) 19.50, 19.51 29.10, 29.16–19 in actinic prurigo 29.15 alcoholic 69.115 chondroectodermal dysplasia 69.10, aetiology 29.16–17 adverse effects 69.21, 75.136–8 hepatic 62.60–2, 70.4 69.37, 69.118 clinical features 29.10, 29.17–18 hypertrichosis 66.79 see also primary biliary cirrhosis chondroectodermal dysplasia, contact dermatitis association 29.16, in allergic contact dermatitis 26.102 cirsoid aneurysm 56.26–7, 65.35–6 mesoectodermal dysplasia (Ellis– 29.17 in atopic dermatitis 24.31 13-cis-RA see isotretinoin van Creveld syndrome) 15.39, defi nition 29.16 in atopic eye disease 67.16 cisplatin 26.46, 75.134 15.65 diagnosis 19.17, 29.23 in chronic actinic dermatitis 29.18 citalopram 64.20, 64.24, 64.28, 64.50 chondroid syringoma 53.2, 53.30–2 differential diagnosis 29.10, 29.17 clinical indications 74.16 Citrobacter freundii 2.12 malignant 53.31 erythrodermic 29.18 in cytophagic histiocytic panniculitis citronella 38.5, 38.20 chondroitin 4-sulphate, structure 3.47 pathology 29.17 46.24 citrulline 66.6 chondroitin 6-sulphate, structure 3.47 pseudolymphomatous form 29.16, in dermatomyositis 51.129 in basal cell carcinoma 52.21 chondroitin sulphate 3.46 29.17, 57.58 in dyslipidaemias 59.93 Citrus 25.21 in wound healing 14.3 treatment 29.10, 29.18 female genital dermatology 71.64 Citrus hystrix 75.162 chondroma, pinna 68.28 tacrolimus 73.32 in granuloma annulare 60.10 Civatte bodies see colloid bodies chondromalacia chronic bullous dermatosis of childhood in Hailey-Hailey disease 39.36 CK7 10.21 idiopathic cystic (ear/endochondral 5.12–13 in hand eczema 23.22 CK15 53.35 pseudocyst) 24.25, 68.13–14 oral involvement 69.69 interactions 72.28–9 CK20 see under cytokeratins systemic see relapsing polychondritis see also linear IgA disease in leprosy reactions 32.18 CLA (cutaneous leukocyte antigen) 13.4, chondylomata acuminata 71.94 chronic genetic ulceration 71.66 in lichen sclerosus 51.118 55.1, 76.9 chondylomata lata, perianal/perineal chronic granulomatous disease 13.13, in linear IgA disease 40.51 Cladophialophora bantiana 36.77 dermatology 71.93, 71.94 17.48–9, 17.73–5 in pemphigus 40.12 Cladophialophora carrionii 36.75, 36.76 chordoma cutis, perianal/perineal with DLE-like lesions 51.16 in pigmented purpuric dermatosis cladribine 13.24 dermatology 71.84 oral involvement 69.33, 69.117 49.26 clam digger’s itch 37.22, 38.56 choreoathetosis 69.119 Sweet’s syndrome and 50.76 in polymorphic light eruption 29.12 clamp connection 36.4 chorionic gonadotrophin 8.9 chronic illness, psychological impact 64.4 in psoriasis 20.38–9, 74.16 clarinettist’s cheilitis 28.26 adverse effects 70.5 chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, perianal/ in HIV infection 35.17 clarithromycin 32.17, 74.42, 75.58 chorionic villus sampling 16.1–2 perineal dermatology 71.99 in psoriatic arthritis 20.59 Clark levels, melanoma 54.38 Chorioptes 38.46 chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis see in sarcoidosis 61.21 Clarkson’s syndrome (systemic capillary Chorioptes bovis 2.10 candidiasis in SLE 51.62 leak syndrome) 22.23 choristia, periumbilical 71.100 ‘chronic obesity lymphoedematous in solar urticaria 29.20 claudication 47.2 choristoma 18.88 mucinosis’ 8.17 in subcutaneous panniculitis–like T-cell intermittent 47.2, 47.7 cartilaginous 68.29 chronic pain syndromes lymphoma 57.33 pain, differential diagnosis 47.5 osseous (osteoma mucosae) 69.108–9 male genital dermatology 71.51–2 in systemic sclerosis 51.108 spinal 47.5 Christianson–Fourie type hidrotic perianal/perineal dermatology 71.99 topical 73.32–3 treatment 47.5–6 ectodermal dysplasia 15.42 chronic papular onchodermatitis 37.5 adverse effects 67.16 venous 47.5 Christmas tree pattern, lesions 33.79 chronic penile oedema 71.30 in atopic eye disease 67.16 claudin 1, gene mutation 3.25 Christ–Siemens–Touraine (CST) chronic renal failure in cicatrizing conjunctivitis 67.22 claudin 16 (paracellin-1), gene mutations syndrome 15.28, 15.43 gynaecomastia and 70.4 in lichen planus 41.18 3.25 chromate see chromium hypopigmentation 58.27 in urticaria 22.30 claudins 3.24, 25.2, 56.49 chromatin modifi cation 11.16 oral involvement 69.116 cidofovir cleaning work, occupational hazards 5.6, chromatophores 2.5–6 pigmentation changes 58.27 in herpes simplex 33.21 27.19 chrome, in tattoo pigments, allergic pruritus in 21.7–9 in molluscum contagiosum 33.13 clear cell acanthoma 52.41 reactions 58.58 chronic superfi cial scaly dermatitis 57.57 in monkeypox 33.7 clear-cell hidradenoma 53.27–8 chrome ulcers 25.11 chronic ulcerative stomatitis with in orf 33.9 clear cell papulosis, genitocrural 71.6 chromhidrosis 44.20–1 epithelial antinuclear antibodies wart treatment 33.50 clear cell sarcoma 54.48, 56.53–4 chromic acid 69.64 cigarette burns clearance rates, real vs apparent 6.13 burns 25.23, 27.12 chronic venous insuffi ciency (CVI) 47.12, child abuse 28.34, 28.92 cleft lip/palate 18.91, 69.37–8 as irritant 25.20 47.26, 47.32–6 torture injuries 28.33 with mucous cysts of the lower lip Chromista 36.1 classifi cation 47.32, 47.33 ‘cigarette face’ 45.2 15.93–4 chromium clinical features 47.33–5 cigarette smoking see smoking with syndactyly and ectodermal allergy to 26.15, 26.18, 26.34–6 investigations 47.35–6 cilazapril 75.93 dysplasia 66.52 in alloys 26.37 chronic vulval purpura 71.61–2 cilia see eyelashes cleft lip/palate–ectodermal dysplasia avoidance of 26.35–6 chronicity 6.11 cimetidine syndrome 15.33 diphenylcarbazide test 27.8 chrysalis babies 19.27 adverse effects 75.149–50 clefting, ectropion and conical teeth EU directive 26.35, 26.100, 27.3 chrysarobin 66.94 erythroderma 23.47 syndrome 15.31 occupational exposure to 27.3 chrysiasis 58.54–5, 67.5, 75.33, 75.100 gynaecomastia 70.4, 70.5 clefts, needle-shaped 46.16 occurrence 26.35 chrysoderma 58.54–5 sebaceous gland activity inhibition clegs 38.6 oral provocation tests 5.25 Chrysomya 38.8 42.16 cleidocranial dysostosis 66.73 patch tests 26.36 Chrysops 37.11 wart treatment 33.50 Clematis 25.21 in shoes 26.68 Churg–Strauss syndrome 50.9, 50.41–3, Cimex 38.24 CLEPD1 syndrome 15.46 chromoblastomycosis 31.10, 36.75–6 50.52, 71.29 Cimicidae 38.23–5 climacteric 8.19 chromogranin A 10.21 cardiac involvement 62.78 cinacalcet hydrochloride 49.48 climate/climatic factors chromomycosis (chromoblastomycosis) differential diagnosis 50.40 CINCA syndrome 15.95–6, 50.53 in allergic contact dermatitis 26.10 31.10, 36.75–6 eosinophilia in 62.86–7 cinnabar 26.39, 75.160, 75.162 risk factor for skin disease 6.12 chromophores 29.3, 78.3, 78.4 respiratory tract involvement 62.83 cinnamates 25.18, 26.17, 26.23, 26.62 ‘climatic bubo’ 30.70 absorption spectra 29.3 chyle 48.27 cinnamic aldehyde 22.20, 25.18, 25.21 clindamycin 26.46, 74.42–3, 75.58–9 DNA as 29.4, 29.5 chylomicrons 59.82 cinnarizine 75.88 acne vulgaris treatment 42.47 in epidermis 29.4 clearance 59.90 CIPA (congenital insensitivity to pain in folliculitis decalvans 42.74 chromophytosis see pityriasis versicolor restriction of production 59.90 with anhidrosis) 15.34 in Fox–Fordyce disease 44.22 chromosomal instability 52.12 chylous refl ux 48.27 ciprofl oxacin, eccrine gland secretion Propionibacterium acnes resistance 42.56 chromosomal translocation chymase 3.20, 12.25, 12.49 44.18 topical malignant histiocytosis 55.32 in urticaria 22.4 circinate balanitis 34.30, 34.31, 71.18 in acne vulgaris 42.41, 73.10 monocytic leukaemia 55.31 chymotrypsin, pruritus and 21.5 circinate ulcerative vulvitis 71.59 in rosacea 43.6, 73.10 chromosome 4, short-arm deletion chymotryptase, in atopic dermatitis circulatory disorders cling fi lm, for occlusion 73.4 syndrome 15.12, 18.2, 18.103 24.18 mechanical injury 28.28–9 clinical deception 64.35 chromosome 5, short-arm deletion cicatricial pemphigoid 71.28, 71.91 palmoplantar keratodermas 19.118 clinical decisions syndrome 15.12 scalp 66.49 circumcision 77.35 factors infl uencing 72.4 chromosome 12, long-arm deletion vegetating 69.68 chancroid risk reduction 34.35 quality of life measures and 72.2, 72.14, syndrome 15.12 see also mucous membrane pemphigoid female 28.38, 71.57 72.24 chromosomes cicatrizing palmoplantar keratodermas lichen sclerosus and 51.113, 51.118 risk–benefi t analysis 72.3–4 abnormalities 15.2, 15.9–14 19.94, 19.95, 19.101–2, 19.108–9 male 71.13, 71.20, 71.24, 71.39 shared 72.1 drug-induced damage 75.15 ciclopirox olamine circumscribed keratotic disorders 19.93 Clinical Evidence 7.6 chronic, infantile, neurological, cutaneous, in seborrhoeic dermatitis 23.33 hypokeratosis of palms and soles Clinical Pathology Accreditation 13.15 articular syndrome 15.95–6 topical, indications 73.12 19.116 clinical questions, well-built 7.2–3

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–24.34; Volume 2, pp. 25.1–44.22; Volume 3, pp. 45.1–62.113; Volume 4, pp. 63.1–80.14 Index 21

clinical trials co-cyprindiol cocoa butter 73.6 cold-induced sweating syndrome 44.7, drug reactions 75.2 acne vulgaris treatment 42.53 coconut beetles 38.27 44.8 generalizing results for treatments 6.4 effect on sebum composition 42.6 coconut oil, in scabies 38.41 cold nociceptors 4.9 clioquinol 26.32, 26.45 sebaceous activity inhibition 42.15–16 cocus 26.80 cold panniculitis 17.35, 46.21 topical corticosteroids with 73.20 in sebaceous gland hyperplasia 42.87 codeine, adverse effects 75.26, 75.87 cold receptors 4.9 clitoridectomy 71.57 co-morbidity, factitious skin disease 64.41 codeine phosphate, in carcinoid cold sores (reactivated herpes simplex) clitoris co-occurrence of diseases 6.13 syndrome 43.19 33.3 benign tumours 71.72 co-polymers 26.74 coeliac disease 62.55 Coleoptera 38.26–8 congenital and developmental co-trimoxazole 74.38, 74.39 dermatitis herpetiformis and 40.58 colistin 74.43 abnormalities 71.56 adverse effects 75.57 erythema nodosum and 50.83 colitis lichen sclerosus 71.62–3 fi xed eruption 75.28, 75.29 oral involvement 69.116 Clostridium diffi cile 74.42–3 structure and function 71.54–5 in HIV infection 35.22 psoriasis and 62.55 collagenous 62.53 trauma and artefact 71.57 in head louse infection 38.20 transglutaminases 40.59 ulcerative see ulcerative colitis cloacal membrane 71.83, 71.98 male genital dermatology 71.27 urticaria and 22.2 collagen 3.2, 3.33, 3.34–42 clobazam 75.81 non-thrombocytopenic purpura due to Coelomycetes 36.4 ageing and 8.22, 80.1, 80.2 clobetasol propionate 49.21 coenzyme Q-10 80.3 α-chains 3.34, 3.37 female genital dermatology 71.63 photosensitive drug eruption 57.53 Coffi n–Siris syndrome 15.33 in anchoring fi brils 3.32, 3.35–6 lupus erythematosus profundus 51.15 in Wegener’s granulomatosis 50.41 cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) bovine dermal, acne scar treatment pyogenic granuloma in acne 42.79 coagulation 64.53 42.69 clofazimine 74.26, 74.45 in antiphospholipid syndrome 49.40 body dysmorphic disorder 64.20 as chromophore 78.3 acne vulgaris treatment 42.66 cascade 49.38 in dystrophic EB 39.30 cross-linking 3.39 adverse effects 75.33, 75.62–3 changes, in deep-vein thrombosis 47.28 pathological skin picking 64.28 defects in Ehlers–Danlos syndrome pigmentation due to 58.55 coagulation defects/disorders 49.2, 49.7 theory of 64.53 3.35, 3.36 clinical indications 74.26 cytophagic histiocytic panniculitis trichobezoar 64.32 degradation 3.40–2, 47.27, 47.54 in leprosy 32.16–17, 32.18 46.24 cohort studies 6.19, 7.3–4 ageing and 8.22 clofi brate 75.156 in Degos’ disease 49.45 appraisal 7.14–15, 7.15 regulation 3.41 clomiphene (clomifene) 75.119 ecchymoses due to 49.4 coin-rubbing 9.8 dermal fi llers 80.4 in gynaecomastia 70.5 see also coagulopathy injuries 28.25 dermis, ageing and 8.22 clomipramine 64.28, 64.32, 64.51, 75.78 coagulation screen COL1A1 gene 45.35, 45.40 disorders 45.31–44 clonazepam, in hyperhidrosis 44.12 burns 28.84 COL1A2 gene 45.35, 45.40 see also clonidine 26.46, 75.95–6 purpura 49.6 COL3A1 gene 45.34 connective fl ushing management 43.15 coagulopathy COL5A1 gene 45.33 tissue disorders/disease in rosacea 43.6 HIV infection 35.12–13 COL7A1 gene 3.32, 3.35 dissection pattern 56.38, 56.39 cloning 11.4, 11.9–10 systemic, cutaneous features 49.38–42 mutations 39.1 dressings 14.24 positional 11.1, 11.12 vascular 49.42–7 Bart’s syndrome 39.22 effects of corticosteroids on 45.4, 73.17 Clonorchis sinensis 37.3 see also coagulation defects/disorders bullous dermolysis of newborn 39.24 FACIT (fi bril-associated) 3.34 clopidogrel 75.108 coal mining dystrophic EB 39.15–17, 39.22, 39.24, fi brillar 3.34 claudication management 47.5 accidental tattoos in miners 58.57 39.27 synthesis 3.37 in erythromelalgia 47.10 occupational hazards 27.19 EB simplex superfi cialis 39.5 formation in scleroderma 12.31 platelet function abnormalities 49.13 coal tar 20.22, 73.42 molecular diagnosis of EB 39.27 gene expression regulation 3.39 Cloquet’s node 54.53 adverse effects 25.21, 26.46, 75.31, COL17A1 gene mutations 3.36–7 trans-/cis-acting 3.39 Clostridium 75.164 in junctional EB 39.10 genetic heterogeneity 3.34 cellulitis due to 30.68 carcinogenicity 27.16, 73.42 colchicine hydroxylation reactions 3.37–8 in gas gangrene 30.43–4 content and types 73.42 action 74.27 hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine Clostridium diffi cile colitis 74.42–3 cytostatic effect 73.42 adverse effects 75.134 residues 3.37 Clostridium histolyticum 30.43 distillates, acnegenicity 27.13 clinical indications 74.27 implants, foreign body reactions Clostridium oedematicus 30.43 in eczema 23.38 in cutaneous small vessel vasculitis 28.46–7 Clostridium perfringens (C. welchii) 30.43 in hand eczema 23.22 50.16 in irritant contact dermatitis 25.5 perianal/perineal dermatology 71.93 high-temperature 73.42 dose range and evidence level 74.27 in keloids 45.54 Clostridium septicum 30.43 low-temperature 73.42 in pyoderma gangrenosum 50.72 lysine residues 3.37, 3.38 Clostridium sordellii 30.43 mechanism of action and effects 73.42 in relapsing polychondritis 45.43 mechanical properties of skin and 4.8 Clostridium tetani, intravenous drug abuse in pityriasis amiantacea 66.57 in systemic sclerosis 51.108 mRNA formation, control 3.39 28.52 in pityriasis capitis 66.56–7 in urticarial vasculitis 50.23 number of types 3.34 clothing UV light with 73.42 cold (cold temperature) 28.63–5 oxidative deamination reaction 3.39 allergens in 26.18, 26.65–8 coalminers, accidental tattoos 58.57 ear injury 62.99, 62.102, 68.5, 68.8, 68.10 periodicity in fi bres 3.27, 3.28 protective 25.24, 25.25, 27.9 cobalt effect on peripheral nerves 63.14 pro-α-chains 3.37 against jellyfi sh stings 38.57 allergy to 26.33–4 hyperhidrosis induced by 44.7, 44.8 procollagen type III (PIIINP) 20.33, rubber in 26.64 in alloys 26.37 occlusion syndromes due to 49.32 20.35 sun protection 73.41 as irritant 25.21 vasoconstriction induced by 63.4 prolyl hydroxylation reaction 3.37 UVR exposure minimisation 29.8 patch tests 26.34 vasodilatation induced by 63.4–5 remodelling 78.13 clotrimazole in tattoo pigments, allergic reactions see also cold-induced injury resistance to proteolytic degradation in candidiasis 36.68 58.58 cold agglutinins 13.18, 28.71, 49.34 3.40 in dermatophytosis 36.47, 36.48 Cobb syndrome 18.62, 18.96 cutaneous occlusion due to 49.34 in scars 14.7–8 in otomycosis 36.17 cobblestone skin appearance 45.21, 45.22 in infectious mononucleosis 33.30 in striae 45.5 topical 73.12 cocaine, eccrine gland secretion 44.18 monoclonal and polyclonal types 49.34 structural organization 3.34 in trichomoniasis 37.29 cocamidopropylbetaine 26.18 cold creams 73.7 subunit polypeptide 3.34 Clouston’s syndrome (hidrotic ectodermal Coccidioides immitis 36.2, 36.85, 36.86 cold fl exed fi ngers 51.112 synthesis 3.37–8 dysplasia) 15.42, 15.67, 15.68–9, Coccidioides posadasii 36.85, 36.86 cold-induced injury 28.63–71 by fi broblasts 3.49 19.94, 19.106, 53.23 coccidioidin 36.85 abnormal sensitivity to cold 28.65–71 increased by retinoic acid 73.35 alopecia 66.59 coccidioidin test 5.24, 36.86 acrocyanosis 28.66–7 increased in photodamaged dermis oral mucosa and lips 69.23 coccidioidomycosis 36.85–7, 69.118 cold agglutinins 28.71 3.39 teeth 69.11 in HIV infection 35.34 cold exposure 28.63–5 inhibition by corticosteroids 45.4, cloxacillin 75.49 coccygeal dimples 63.15 cryoglobulinaemia 28.71 73.17 clozapine 64.52, 75.82 Cochliomyia 38.8 ear injury 62.99, 62.102, 68.5, 68.8, in scleroderma 12.31 CLSM (confocal laser scanning Cochrane, Archie 7.1 68.10 uncontrolled 3.39 microscopy) 5.20 Cochrane Collaboration 6.16, 7.1, 7.5, 7.8 erythrocyanosis 28.67 transepithelial elimination 45.64, 45.65 clubbing of fi ngers see fi nger(s), clubbing Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews frostbite 28.63–4 triple-helical conformation 3.34, 3.37–8, clubbing of toes 15.87–8 7.5 hyperhidrosis and 44.8 3.40 clumping factor 36.58 Cochrane Library 7.5 livedo reticularis 28.66, 28.67–8 type I 3.2, 3.35, 14.7, 80.1 clusterin 14.4 Cochrane Skin Group 6.16 neonatal 17.35–6 biosynthesis 3.37 Clutton’s joints 34.16 Cockayne’s syndrome 15.75–6, 45.61 perniosis 28.65–6 cross-linking 3.39 CMV infection see cytomegalovirus childhood melanoma 54.48 physiological reactions 28.63 decorin binding 3.46 (CMV) infections Cockett’s operation 47.39 trench foot 28.64 degradation 3.40–1 CNC (Carney complex) 58.14 Cockett’s syndrome 47.32 see also cold (cold temperature); mutations in Ehlers–Danlos Cnidaria 28.55, 38.55–8 cockroaches 38.2, 38.28 Raynaud’s phenomenon syndrome 3.35 22 Index

type III 3.2, 3.35, 14.7, 80.1 ‘collarettes,’ fi brinous, staphylococcal submarine 42.31 complementary and alternative therapy biosynthesis 3.37, 3.49 blepharitis 67.8 treatment 78.14 64.2, 72.31–3 in Ehlers–Danlos syndrome 3.35, collateral vessels/circulation Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage acne vulgaris treatment 42.43 45.34 claudication management 47.5 L*a*b* system 25.22 adverse effects 75.160–2 in systemic sclerosis 51.92 ‘corkscrew’ 47.5, 47.7 commissural pits 69.40–1 forms of 72.32 type IV 3.2, 3.27, 3.34 Colles’ fracture 63.20, 63.21 Committee on Safety of Medicines 75.4 potential risks 72.31, 72.32–3 α-chains 3.27, 3.35 collier’s stripes 58.57 common peroneal nerve 77.5 in psychocutaneous disorders 64.54 antibodies 39.25 collodion (vehicle for topical therapy) common variable immunodefi ciency rates of use 72.2, 72.31 assembly 3.27, 3.28 73.2 13.13, 17.72–3, 69.117 reasons for use 72.32 autoantibodies 3.27 composition 33.48 communication 72.1–5 complex of myxomas, spotty basement membrane zone 3.25, 3.27 wart treatment 33.48 amongst clinicians 72.26 pigmentation and endocrine degradation 3.41 collodion baby 17.19–21, 19.13–17, 59.39 bad news 72.4–5 overactivity see Carney complex inclusions in multicentric colloid bodies 10.38 risks of therapy 72.3–4 (Carney’s syndrome) reticulohistiocytosis 55.23 in lichen planus 41.4, 41.5 training in 72.2 complex rearrangements 15.2 lymphatic vessels 48.4 Russell bodies 30.52 community diagnosis 6.2 complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) mutations in renal diseases 3.27, colloid degeneration see colloid milium comparative dermatology 2.8–19 44.8, 47.10–11, 62.101, 63.20–2 3.35 (pseudomilium) see also animal(s) differential diagnosis 47.9 structure 3.35 colloid milium (pseudomilium) 10.38, comparative genomic hybridization complex traits 11.14–16 vascular basement membrane 3.52 45.66–7, 73.27 (CGH) 54.24, 57.20 complexion, concept of 64.1–2 type V 3.35 electron microscopy 10.30 compartment syndrome, following compliance see concordance with therapy biosynthesis 3.37 colloid–amyloid bodies arthropod bites/stings 38.2 Compositae 25.21, 26.10, 26.18, 26.20, in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome 3.35, Naegeli’s syndrome 58.19 compensation, in occupational 26.24, 26.75–6, 26.77 45.33 vitiligo 58.47 dermatoses 27.1–2 Compound A (Cmpd A) 12.62 type VI 3.35 Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada syndrome complement 13.1, 17.48 compound F 73.16 type VII 3.31, 3.34, 3.35–6, 39.16 58.45 abnormalities associated with DLE compression bandaging 14.20–1, 38.31, absence, dystrophic epidermolysis coloboma 67.4 51.17 38.60 bullosa 3.32 colony-stimulating factors 5.1 absence from dermal–epidermal complex regional pain syndrome 47.11 in anchoring fi brils 3.32, 3.35–6 adverse effects 75.141–2 junction, systemic sclerosis infantile haemangioma 18.52 assembly 3.27, 3.28 cells secreting 5.1 51.92 long-stretch and short-stretch 47.48 biosynthesis 3.37 colophony (Colophonium) 26.20, 26.79, activation 13.2, 13.3 multilayer 47.48 in bullous dermolysis of newborn 26.82–3, 33.48 assays 13.18–19, 17.55 lymphoedema management 48.22 39.23 Colorado tick fever 38.34, 38.35 C1q 13.2, 22.81 short-stretch bandaging 47.48, 48.22 in dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa colostomy see stoma defi ciency 17.83 venous leg ulcers 47.47, 47.48 39.15, 39.25 colostrum 8.9 C1r, defi ciency 17.83 compression of skin 4.8 in epidermolysis bullosa acquisita colour C1s, defi ciency 17.83 compression stockings 3.36, 40.51 in animals 2.5, 2.6–7 C2 deep-vein thrombosis 47.29 gene encoding (COL7A1) see COL7A1 disorders 2.22 in angio-oedema 13.19 graduated elastic 47.38 gene hair see hair defi ciency 13.13, 13.18, 17.84 lymphoedema management 48.22 Gly-X-Y repeats 39.16 hair coat, in animals 2.6 C3 13.2, 13.3 post-thrombotic syndrome 47.40 monoclonal antibodies to 39.25 skin see pigmentation defi ciency 13.22, 17.84 varicose veins 47.38 mutations in epidermolysis bullosa colour developing agents, lichen planus- increased, oedematous scarring see also elastic stockings; medical elastic 3.36 like contact dermatitis 41.23 vasculitis panniculitis 46.32 compression stockings (MECS) structure 39.16 coma, eccrine sweat gland necrosis measurement 13.18 compression therapy type XII 14.7 induced by 44.18 C3 nephritic factor, partial lipoatrophy lymphoedema management 48.22–3 type XIV 14.7 combination chemotherapy, male genital and 46.39–40 pneumatic, lymphoedema management type XVI, expressed by dermal dermatology 71.44 C3a 13.2, 13.4 48.22–3 dendrocytes 55.4 combined oral contraceptives (COCs) in vasculitis 50.4 varicose veins 47.38 type XVII 3.36–7 acne treatment 42.53 C3b 13.3 venous leg ulcers 47.47–8, 47.51 biosynthesis 3.37 failure rate, antibiotics affecting C3d 13.18 compression ultrasound (CUS), deep-vein BPAG2 gene mutations 3.31 42.54 C4 13.3 thrombosis 47.29 ectodomain and 40.46 melanoma and 54.57 defi ciency 13.18, 13.22, 17.83–4, computed tomography (CT) in junctional epidermolysis bullosa melasma and 58.34 22.22 foreign bodies 28.42 3.36–7 oral antibiotic interactions 42.51–2 measurement 13.18 invasive otitis externa 68.26 see also bullous pemphigoid antigens, comedo, defi nition 5.7 C4a 13.2 lymphoedema 48.17 BP180 (BPAG2; type XVII comedo naevus 42.78, 53.4 C4b 13.3 melanoma relapse 54.50 collagen) comedo naevus syndrome 18.27 C5 defi ciency 17.84 Sturge–Weber syndrome 18.66 type XXIX 3.37 comedogenesis C5a 13.2, 13.4 venous malformations 18.71 types in skin 3.34–7 in acne 42.22–4 in vascultiis 50.4 computer palms 28.27 in wound healing 14.1, 14.7 animal models 42.23 C6 defi ciency 17.84 computers, disorders related to use xenogeneic bovine 80.4 mechanical causes 42.76 C7 defi ciency 17.84 25.16–17 ‘collagen disease’ 51.1 reduced by antiandrogens 42.23–4 C8 defi ciency 17.84 concanavalin A 13.23 collagen (vascular) disease see connective reduced by isotretinoin 42.58 C9 defi ciency 13.18, 17.84 conception, and drug therapies 72.28 tissue disorders/disease topical drugs affecting 42.40 defi ciency 13.4, 13.15, 13.18–19, 17.53, conchoid bodies 61.4 collagen (vascular) diseases see connective comedones 17.82–4, 51.54 concordance with therapy 72.5–7, 72.25–6 tissue disorders/disease in acne 42.18 interaction with antibody defi ciencies infl uences on 72.6–7, 72.13 collagen dressings 14.24 in chloracne 27.13, 27.14, 42.77 17.84 monitoring 72.5 collagenases 12.52, 14.11 closed (whiteheads) 42.22, 42.30, 42.36 management 17.85 strategies to improve 72.7, 72.26 abnormalities, dystrophic EB 39.16 corticosteroids associated 73.19 in mice, acantholysis 40.6 conditioned hyperirritability 23.6 ageing and 80.2 cyclical growth 42.24 panniculitis with 46.27 conditioners 66.96 interstitial (MMP1) 3.40 familial 42.78 formation of blisters 40.28 condom chancre 34.7 neutrophil 3.41 familial diffuse 18.11 lysis, sensitivity 49.30 condoms in sarcoidosis 61.20 familial dyskeratotic 18.11, 19.76 patterns of abnormalities 13.18 allergic contact dermatitis due to 26.19 in wound debridement 14.22 formation see comedogenesis role in vasculitis 50.4–5, 50.5 male genital dermatology 71.17 collagenoma 18.31–2, 45.50 in hidradenitis suppurativa 30.81 Treponema pallidum movement conductive deafness with ptosis and eruptive 18.31, 45.50 midfacial 42.30 inhibition 34.20 skeletal anomalies 15.33 familial cutaneous 18.31, 45.50 open (blackheads) 42.22, 42.24, 42.30, complement-defi cient mice, acantholysis condyloma plantar cerebriform 18.31 42.77 40.6 giant see Buschke–Löwenstein tumour storiform 56.3 pathogenesis 42.22–3 complement receptors 13.3 malignant, anogenital warts vs 33.42 verrucous perforating 45.65 removal and extraction 42.67 CD88 13.2 condylomata acuminata 33.44 collagenosis rupture, reduction by topical retinoids CR1 (CD35) 13.3 giant 52.26 perforating (folliculitis) 59.80 42.40 CR2 (CD21) 13.3, 13.8 in pregnancy 8.11 reactive perforating 19.89 sandpaper 42.30, 42.56 EBV infection 33.30 see also wart(s), anogenital collagenous colitis 62.53 secondary 42.31 CR3 12.10, 13.3 condylomata lata 34.10, 34.11, 69.121 collagenous fi broma 56.10–11 solar/senile 42.79 defi ciency 17.84 cone-nose bug 38.25 collarette scale 5.7 retinoic acid therapy 73.36 CR4 13.3 cone shells 38.59

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–24.34; Volume 2, pp. 25.1–44.22; Volume 3, pp. 45.1–62.113; Volume 4, pp. 63.1–80.14 Index 23

confi dence intervals 6.18, 7.9, 7.17–18, Congo red 10.10 ocular involvement 67.29 contact hypersensitivity response (CHS) 7.20–2 conical teeth, ectodermal dysplasias oral involvement 69.117 13.27, 13.28 confl uent and reticulate papillomatosis 15.58–9 overlap syndromes 51.110–12, 51.126 UVR effect 29.5 19.121–2 conidia 36.2, 36.3, 36.4, 36.9, 36.18 panniculitis in 46.31–2 contact immunotherapy, alopecia areata confocal laser scanning microscopy 5.20 conidiobolomycosis 36.78–9 pigmented purpuric dermatoses and 66.37 confounding 6.18 Conidiobolus coronatus 36.78–9 49.23 contact irritants, pigmented purpuric confounding factors 6.11 conjunctiva in pregnancy 8.11, 8.12 dermatoses due to 49.23 congenital abnormalities 18.1 in atopic dermatitis 24.24 respiratory tract involvement 62.80, contact lens, corticosteroid defi nition 15.2 biopsy 61.19 62.82 contraindication 67.31 female genital dermatology 71.56 ocular mucous membrane rheumatoid disease 51.130–9 contact sensitization male genital dermatology 71.13–14 pemphigoid 67.19 sarcoidosis and 61.17 corticosteroids causing 73.17 perianal/perineal dermatology 71.83–4 bulbar 67.2 scleroderma 51.64 lanolin causing 73.6–7 umbilical dermatology 71.100 lentigo maligna 54.40–1 scleroedema 51.118–20 by sunscreens 29.9 see also developmental abnormalities; naevus 54.18 secondary mucinosis 59.29 by topical antibiotics 73.10 specifi c abnormalities/conditions normal 67.14 silicone breast implants and 70.7–8 wart treatment 33.49 congenital absence of skin see aplasia ocular rosacea 67.7 skin biopsy 10.42–3 see also contact dermatitis cutis congenita palpebral 67.2 subacute cutaneous lupus contact urticaria see urticaria, contact congenital adrenal hyperplasia 62.6–7, bulbar, fusion in mucous membrane erythematosus 51.2, 51.22–7 contagion, beliefs 64.6 66.83 pemphigoid 67.18 systemic lupus erythematosus 51.27–63 contamination, measurement of 27.11 children, acne and 42.76 papilloma 33.47 systemic sclerosis 51.87–110 contiguous gene syndromes 15.6 late-onset scarring 67.20 see also specifi c disorders and diseases contingency tables 7.20 acne and 42.21–2, 42.73 ocular mucous membrane connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) contraceptive pill see combined oral acne fulminans and 42.83 pemphigoid vs 67.20 14.3 contraceptives (COCs) congenital adrenogenital syndrome, acne Stevens–Johnson syndrome 67.21 gene expression 51.65 contractures, in dystrophic EB 39.29 and 42.73 shortening 67.21 connective tissue panniculitis 46.15, Control of Substances Hazardous to congenital autonomic dysfunction with ulceration, mucous membrane 51.14–15, 51.87 Health legislation 26.100 universal pain loss 44.7 pemphigoid 67.18 connexins 3.24 contusion, ear 68.6–7 congenital CMV infection 33.29 conjunctivitis ectodermal dysplasias 15.67–8 Conus (cone shells) 38.59 congenital dermal melanocytosis see acute follicular (chlamydial) 34.29, gap junctions 3.24 conversion disorder 64.25–6 Mongolian spot 34.31 homotypic and heterotypic 3.24 converting enzymes 12.49 congenital erosive and vesicular adverse effects of treatment 26.46 mutations in fi sh 2.6 convulsions, febrile, in roseola infantum dermatosis healing with chronic blepharitis with, treatment scar formation and 14.8 33.32 reticulated supple scarring 67.12 connexons 3.24 cooks, occupational hazards 5.6, 27.19 17.11, 18.104, 50.62 cicatrizing 67.16–24 connubial/consort allergy 26.41, 26.48 Cook’s syndrome 15.34 congenital erythropoietic porphyria (CEP) autoimmune 67.17–20 connubial dermatitis 26.18 coolants, synthetic 27.5 59.10 diseases causing 67.19, 67.20 conotruncal anomaly face syndrome 13.8 cooling, skin surface 80.10–11 hypertrichosis in 66.79 epidemiology and description Conradi–Hünermann syndrome 62.100 cooling pastes 73.2 prenatal diagnosis 16.3 67.16–17 Conradi–Hünermann–Happle syndrome Copenhagen Psoriasis Severity Index 72.9 congenital fascial dystrophy 45.50–1 non-autoimmune 67.19, 67.20 19.3, 19.49–52 coping strategies 64.4 congenital generalized lipodystrophy in Stevens–Johnson syndrome 67.21 prenatal diagnosis 16.3 copper (CGL) 46.37 treatment 67.22–3 Conradi’s syndrome (calcifying as allergen 26.40 congenital haemolytic anaemia, see also mucous membrane chondrodysplasia) 45.8 defi ciency 3.44, 66.94 pigmentation in 58.53 pemphigoid (MMP) consent green hair induced by 66.95 congenital heart block (CHB), neonatal due to Lepidoptera 38.29 to skin biopsy 10.2 metabolism 59.76 lupus erythematosus 51.49 follicular 67.8, 67.25 to surgery 77.13 in occipital horn syndrome 45.39 congenital hypertrichosis, perianal/ gonococcal 34.25 Consolidated Standards of Reporting copper chlorophyllin, in fi sh odour perineal 71.84 in graft-versus-host disease 67.22 Trials 7.16 syndrome 44.20 congenital hypertrophic lip of the hallux iatrogenic, ocular mucous membrane CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of copra itch 38.47 65.7 pemphigoid vs 67.20 Reporting Trials) 7.16 coproporphyria, hereditary 59.19 congenital hypotrichosis with juvenile infective 67.19, 67.20 CONSORT guidelines 6.16 coproporphyrin III 30.38 macular dystrophy (HJMD) in mucous membrane pemphigoid constipation, in dystrophic EB 39.19, coral bead sign 62.41 15.33 67.18 39.28 corals 38.55–8 congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma perennial allergic 67.13, 67.15 constitutive skin colour 58.1, 58.7, Cordia 26.80 (CIE) 19.17, 19.18 in psoriasis 67.5 58.9–10 Cordylobia 38.8, 38.9, 38.10 see also lamellar ichthyosis in rosacea 43.4, 43.5 constricting bands of the extremities see corium see dermis congenital ichthyosis with fi ne/focal in sarcoidosis 61.7 ainhum; pseudo-ainhum cornea scaling (CIFS; ichthyosis seasonal allergic 67.13, 67.15 consultation see dermatology consultation in atopic eye disease 67.16 prematurity syndrome) 19.18–19 in Stevens–Johnson syndrome 67.21, contact dermatitis drug-induced pigmentation 58.29, congenital insensitivity to pain with 76.16 allergic see allergic contact dermatitis 58.30 anhidrosis (CIPA) 15.34 subepithelial immunobullous diseases amputees 28.29 in dystrophic EB 39.19 congenital livedo reticularis 28.68 and 67.20 chronic actinic dermatitis association epithelial defects, in toxic epidermal congenital localized absence of skin in toxic epidermal necrolysis 67.21 29.16, 29.17 necrolysis 67.21 (Bart’s syndrome) 18.101, 39.17, vectors 38.6 ear 68.23 ocular rosacea 67.7 39.18, 39.22 connective tissue, loss, topical in elderly people 8.28 perforation, management 67.22 congenital nodular calcifi cation of Winer corticosteroids causing 73.17 eyelids 67.5 persistent epithelial defect 68.18 connective tissue disorders/disease 45.1– female genitalia 71.58 management 67.22 congenital palmoplantar and perioral 70, 51.1–139 genitocrural 71.5 mucous membrane pemphigoid keratoderma 19.94, 19.101–2 age of onset 51.27 insult (cumulative irritant contact 67.17, 67.18 congenital palmoplantar and periorifi cial bone and joint involvement 62.103 dermatitis) 25.1, 25.5, 25.12–13, Stevens–Johnson syndrome 67.21 keratoderma with corneal cardiac involvement 62.78 25.14, 25.15 in psoriasis 67.5 epithelial dysplasia 69.25 classifi cation 45.1 irritant see irritant contact dermatitis statue eye 40.39 congenital reticular ichthyosiform cryoglobinulinaemia with 49.32 lanolin causing 73.6–7 transplant 67.9 erythroderma 19.18 deposition disorders 51.79 lichen planus-like 41.23 ulceration, management 67.23 congenital ring constrictions see amniotic dermatomyositis 51.120–9 male genitalia 71.17–18 corneal arcus 59.86 bands/adhesions discoid lupus erythematosus 51.4–22 mechanical injury 28.13–14, 28.22, Cornelia de Lange syndrome see de Lange congenital rubella 17.41–2, 18.2, 33.71 ear involvement 68.17 28.25, 28.29, 28.52, 28.54 syndrome congenital scalp defects with distal limb eosinophilic fasciitis 51.86 occupational 27.2 corneocytes 3.1, 3.8, 4.2, 12.14 anomalies 15.96 erythromelalgia with 47.9 in palmoplantar hyperhidrosis 44.8 changes with ageing 4.11, 8.23, 80.2 congenital syphilis see syphilis, congenital genetic disorders 51.79 perianal/perineal 71.84 corneodermatoosseous syndrome 15.34 congenital telangiectatic erythema and graft-versus-host disease 51.83–6 perioral dermatitis vs 43.11 corneodesmosin 66.60 stunted growth (Bloom’s lupus erythematosus 51.1–62 photoallergic 26.23–5 corneodesmosomes 12.14 syndrome) 15.76–7, 62.27 metabolic disorders 51.79 pigmented 26.26 cornifi n 3.10 congestive heart failure, in sarcoidosis mixed 51.110–12 protein 27.5 corns 61.7 morphoea 51.64–78 race and 9.13, 26.8 mechanical injury 28.10–12, 28.31 Congo fl oor maggot 38.8 occupational causes 51.80 venous leg ulcers 47.44–5 plantar warts vs 33.44 24 Index coromandel 26.80 in erythema multiforme 69.70, 76.7 in psoriatic nail involvement 65.26 photodynamic substance in 58.35 corona phlebectatica paraplantaris 47.14, in erythroderma 23.49 in pyoderma faciale 42.84 vehicles 26.58–60, 73.2–3 47.33 in giant cell arteritis 50.44 rebound phenomena 73.19 ‘costal fringe’ 47.14 corona seborrhoeica 23.30 in Hailey–Hailey disease 39.35 receptor and binding affi nity Costello syndrome 45.15, 45.16 corona veneris 34.11 in Henoch–Schönlein purpura 50.21 73.16–17 costunolide 26.75, 26.77 coronary artery disease 47.5, 62.78 in herpes zoster 63.6 rosacea induced by 73.19 cotton-seed dermatitis 38.48 Frank’s sign 68.6 in hidradenitis suppurativa 30.81 in sarcoidosis 61.21 coumadin see coumarins; warfarin coronaviruses 33.2 in hirsutism 66.88 in seborrhoeic dermatitis 23.33 coumadin necrosis 49.39 corpus luteum 8.8, 8.9 in idiopathic thrombocytopenic side effects 73.17–20 coumarins corrosion, tests for 25.9 purpura 49.10 stability 73.20 adverse effects 62.92, 75.105 CorrositexTM 25.9 indications 74.2 systemic adverse effects 73.20 in lymphoedema 48.25 corticosteroids 57.23, 74.2–3 in infantile haemangioma 18.49–50 unlicensed 73.20 necrosis 49.39 in acne vulgaris 42.53 in Kasabach–Merritt syndrome/ vascular effects 73.19–20 in secondary thrombocytopenia 49.11 acneiform eruptions due to 42.72 phenomenon 18.56–7 vasoconstrictor assay 73.16 therapeutic effects 49.39 adverse effects 28.46, 74.3 in leprosy reactions 32.18 vehicles 73.20 counselling cataracts 67.15–16, 67.31 in lichen planus 41.18 vitiligo 58.48–9 genetic see genetic counselling delays in wound healing 14.19 in mastocytosis 22.36 weekly dosage 73.20 interpersonal 64.53 in elderly people 8.28 in morphoea, localized 51.74–5 withdrawal 73.19 counterstaining glaucoma 67.15–16, 67.31 in multicentric reticulohistiocytosis withdrawal in immunoenzyme methods 10.17 hypertrichosis 66.79 55.24 in perioral dermatitis 43.12 in immunofl uorescence methods 10.14 ocular 67.31 in necrobiosis lipoidica 60.16 in steroid-induced rosacea 43.10 cowage 21.4 purpura 49.15 in osteoporosis 74.3 corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) Cowden’s syndrome 62.25–6, 62.57 rosacea 43.10 in polyarteritis nodosa 50.35 64.9 breast involvement 70.17 topical use 26.18, 26.45, 45.3–4, 45.5, in pyoderma gangrenosum 50.72 cortisol 73.16 genetics 15.26–7 73.17–20, 75.116–17 in relapsing polychondritis 45.43 in atopic dermatitis 24.19 oral involvement 69.38 anti-infl ammatory effects 13.23–4, route of administration 74.2–3 in Cushing’s disease/syndrome 62.4 palmoplantar punctate keratoses and 73.16–17 in sarcoidosis 61.21 hirsutism and 66.83 62.21 antimitotic actions 73.16 in Sweet’s syndrome 50.79 see also hydrocortisone PTEN gene mutations 53.5 in balanitis xerotica obliterans 51.118 in toxic epidermal necrolysis 76.20 Corynebacterium renal involvement 62.69 candidiasis and 36.59, 36.61 toxicity 74.3 female genital infections 71.67 trichilemmoma 53.5–6 in carcinoid syndrome 43.19 in urticaria 22.29 male genital infections 71.31 cowpox 30.41, 33.7–8 in chronic actinic dermatitis 29.18 in urticarial vasculitis 22.29, 50.22 in normal skin fl ora 30.2, 30.3, 30.36, cow’s milk allergy 22.6 collagen gene expression control 3.39 in Wegener’s granulomatosis 50.40–1 68.2 COX-1, and COX-2 see cyclooxygenases in congenital syphilis 34.16 tinea incognito and 25.15, 36.35–6, in pitted keratolysis 30.39 coxsackieviruses 33.71–3 in dermatomyositis 51.129 36.50, 73.18 taxonomy/classifi cation 30.3 atopic dermatitis and 24.24 development 73.16 topical 57.23, 64.25, 72.6, 72.7, 73.16–23 in trichomycosis axillaris 30.39 A and B strains, and diseases 33.71–2, fl uorinated 73.23 abuse for skin lightening 73.26 Corynebacterium acnes see Propionibacterium 33.73 imidazoles with 73.12 acne vulgaris treatment 42.43 acnes congenital infections 33.72 immunosuppressive effects 13.23–4 acnegenicity 27.13 Corynebacterium bovis 30.3 Gianotti–Crosti syndrome 33.77 induction of TLR-2 activation on adverse effects 26.18, 26.45, 45.3–4, Corynebacterium diphtheriae 30.35, 30.36 oral infection 69.76, 69.118 keratinocytes 12.9 45.5, 73.17–20, 75.116–17 diphtheria 30.36–7 purpura 49.20 inhaled, perioral dermatitis and 43.11 in allergic contact dermatitis 26.101 female genital dermatology 71.67 rashes/exanthems 33.72, 33.73 intralesional 73.20, 77.48 in alopecia areata 66.36 Corynebacterium haemolyticum 30.37 CP (cicatricial pemphigoid) see mucous adverse effects 45.3–4 in atopic dermatitis 21.13, 24.29, Corynebacterium hofmani 30.3 membrane pemphigoid in alopecia areata 66.36–7 24.30 Corynebacterium minutissimum 30.3, 30.36, CPA (Clinical Pathology Accreditation) in discoid lupus erythematosus 51.20 in atopic eye disease 67.15–16 30.37–8 13.15 in Fox–Fordyce disease 44.22 calcipotriol with 73.45 genitocrural infections 71.6 CPA (cyproterone acetate) see cyproterone in granuloma annulare 60.10 in cicatrizing conjunctivitis 67.22 in HIV infection 35.26 acetate in infantile haemangioma 18.50 classifi cation by potency 73.16, Wood’s light examination 5.19 CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) 12.9 in keloids/hypertrophic scars 14.15 73.18 Corynebacterium pyogenes 30.37 CPOD (chronic papular onchodermatitis) in Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis clinical effi cacy measurement 73.16 Corynebacterium tenuis 30.36 37.5 55.13 combination therapies 73.20 Corynebacterium xerosus 30.3 crabs (pubic lice) see under lice in lichen planus 41.18 diffusion through stratum corneum coryneforms, in normal skin fl ora 30.3 cradle cap 17.11, 17.30 needleless injection 77.48 73.16 COSHH legislation 26.100 Crandall’s syndrome 66.65 in psoriasis 20.25 in eczema 23.38 cosmeceuticals 80.3 cranial arteritis see giant cell arteritis in pyoderma gangrenosum 50.72 effect on patch test reactions 26.9 cosmetic advertising 64.1–2 cranial nerves mechanical injury 28.53 in erythroderma 23.49 cosmetic camoufl age 72.31 ear innervation 68.1 mechanism of action 73.16–17, 74.2 fear of (steroid phobia) 64.25, 72.6, acne scars 42.69 palsy 61.7, 69.118 mode of action 74.2 73.17 in hypermelanosis 58.38 herpes simplex recurrence 33.18 in pemphigus 40.11–12, 74.2–3 formulations 73.20 in rosacea 43.6 cranio-ectodermal dysplasia 15.91–2, perianal/perineal dermatology 71.99 in Fox–Fordyce disease 44.22 in sarcoidosis 61.10, 61.21 69.10 in pregnancy 74.3 frequency of application 73.3 cosmetic fi llers, sarcoidal reaction to cranio-ectodermal syndrome 15.34 purpura due to 49.15 glaucoma/cataract due to 67.15–16, 61.22 cranio-osteoarthropathy 15.88 in pyoderma faciale 43.14 67.31 cosmetic industry, ageing and 8.25 craniofacial dysostosis 15.90–1 rosacea due to 43.10 in Hailey–Hailey disease 39.35 cosmetic surgery/treatment craniofacial features, ectodermal route of administration 74.2 in hand eczema 23.22 congenital naevi 54.14 dysplasias 15.59, 15.62, 15.64–6, sebaceous gland activity and 42.11 in HSV infection of eye 67.26 varicose veins 47.37 15.69 in SLE 51.61 indications 73.20–1, 73.21 cosmetic units, head and neck 77.2 craniomandibular dermatodysostosis structure 73.16 in infantile haemangioma 18.50 cosmetics (familial mandibulo-acral systemic 74.2–3 infection exacerbation 73.18 acnegenicity 27.13, 42.73 dysplasia) 45.61–2 aciclovir with in zoster 33.28 in irritant contact dermatitis 25.23 advertising 64.1–2 craniosynostoses 15.90–2 in acne vulgaris 42.63, 42.66 labelling 72.7 allergic contact dermatitis to 26.14, craniosynostosis and porokeratosis in actinic prurigo 29.14 in lichen planus 41.17–18, 41.18 26.16, 26.17, 26.47–9 (CDAGS syndrome) 15.91 adverse effects 45.3–4, 75.115–16 local adverse effects 73.17–20 avoidance 26.48 cranium bifi dum 18.95 in alopecia areata 66.37 in mastocytosis 22.36 comedogenic and acne due to 42.73 Cre/lox recombination 11.11 in atopic dermatitis 24.31 mechanism of action 73.16–17 EU directive 26.100 creams 73.2 in atopic eye disease 67.16 monitoring use 24.29 eyelid contact dermatitis due to 67.5 quantity applied 73.3–4 in Churg–Strauss syndrome 50.42 in napkin dermatitis 17.26 eyelid pigmentation due to 67.5 creatine, urinary 24-h 51.127 in cutaneous small vessel vasculitis in necrobiosis lipoidica 60.16 facial melanosis due to 58.34 creatinine monitoring, burns 28.84 50.15 occlusion 73.20 hair 66.95–100 creeping eruption, cutaneous see larva in cytophagic histiocytic panniculitis in otitis externa 68.25 ingredient labelling 26.100 migrans 46.24 perianal/perineal conditions 71.99 irritant contact dermatitis due to 25.15 creeping hair 28.49 in dermatophytoses 36.49 perioral dermatitis and 43.11 nail 65.54–7 Creole dyschromia 9.16 in dystrophic EB 39.29 potencies 73.16, 73.18 patch testing 26.48–9 creosote 27.13 in eczema 23.38 in pruritus 21.17 perioral dermatitis and 43.11 Creseis acicula 38.59

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–24.34; Volume 2, pp. 25.1–44.22; Volume 3, pp. 45.1–62.113; Volume 4, pp. 63.1–80.14 Index 25 cresol 25.21 crust 10.38 CTACK, in atopic dermatitis 24.7 cutaneous porphyrias see under porphyria CREST/CRST syndrome 47.14, 51.104, see also scab CTCL (cutaneous T-cell lymphoma) see Cutaneous Reactions Database 75.3 62.48, 62.99 cryofi brinogen 13.17–18, 22.16, 49.33 under lymphoma cutaneous sarcoidosis see sarcoidosis, bone and joint involvement 62.99 cryofi brinogenaemia 49.33–4 Ctenocephalides canis 38.4, 38.11–12 cutaneous pigmentation changes 58.26 cryogelling, microvascular occlusion due Ctenocephalides felis 38.11–12 cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) see respiratory tract involvement 62.82 to 49.32–4 Ctenodactylus gondii 37.44 under lymphoma cretinism 62.10, 62.11 cryoglobulin(s) 49.32–4 CTGF (connective tissue growth factor) ‘cutaneous’ vessel network 3.50 Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease, new variant, classifi cation 49.32 14.3 cutaneous–intestinal syndrome with sterilization of surgical composition and associations 13.17 CTLA4 13.11 oropharyngeal ulceration 49.46 equipment and 77.7 detection/investigations 49.32, 49.33 Cuban laurel thrips 38.26 cute (pinta) 30.63–4 crevicular fl uid 69.3 in HCV infection 33.61, 49.32, 49.33, Cubozoa 38.56 Cuterebra 38.9 CRH (corticotrophin-releasing hormone) 50.24, 50.25, 62.59 Culicidae see mosquitoes cuticle 3.14, 65.2 64.9 measurement 13.17–18 Culicoides 38.6 insects 2.2 cri du chat syndrome 15.12, 66.93 type I (single molecule) 49.32, 49.33 skin disease in animals 2.11 marine worms 2.2 Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever type II and III (mixed) 49.32 Cullen’s sign 62.65 removers 65.56 33.67, 33.70 cryoglobulinaemia 28.71, 49.32–3, 51.54 cultural factors 64.1–2, 64.6, 64.18 cutis see dermis crinkles 45.2 cold urticaria and 22.16 in allergic contact dermatitis 26.10 cutis gyrata 18.40 crisantaspase 75.132 diagnosis 49.32, 49.33 communication 72.2 cutis hyperelastica see Ehlers–Danlos Crisponi syndrome 45.46 in hepatitis B virus infection 62.59 cultural remedies, bruising/purpura due syndrome crocodiles 2.3 in hepatitis C virus infection 33.61, to 49.16 cutis laxa 8.21, 8.22 Crohn’s disease 62.48–50 49.32, 49.33, 50.24, 50.25, 62.59 culture, history-taking 5.5 acquired 45.14, 45.16, 45.18 acrodermatitis enteropathica and lymphoproliferative disease with 49.32 Cunninghamella berthollettiae 36.91 autosomal dominant 45.15 62.49 mixed 49.32, 50.24 cupping 9.8 autosomal recessive 45.15 cutaneous 62.48, 62.49 purpura in 49.4, 49.5, 49.19 therapeutic 28.24 congenital 45.16 differential diagnosis 61.5 treatment 49.33 Cupressaceae 26.80 ear 68.18 direct skin and mucosal involvement type I 49.32, 50.23–4, 62.93–4 x Cupressocyparis leylandii 26.80 elastin gene mutations 3.44 62.48–9 type II 49.32, 50.24, 62.94 curettage 77.40–4 generalized 45.14–17 epidermolysis bullosa acquisita and type III 49.32, 50.24, 62.94 actinic keratosis 52.31, 77.40, 77.42 hereditary 45.15 62.49 vasculitis and 49.33, 50.23–5 benign lesions 77.40 localized abdominal wall 45.12–13 erythema multiforme and 62.50 cryopyrin-associated autoinfl ammatory Bowen’s disease 52.34 post-infl ammatory elastolysis and erythema nodosum and 62.50 syndrome (Muckle–Wells keratoacanthoma 52.43 45.19–20 female genitalis involvement 71.65 syndrome) 15.95–6, 22.3, 59.57, molluscum contagiosum 33.12 syndromes 45.15 lichen nitidus association 41.22 74.11 non-melanoma skin cancer 52.16, X-linked (occipital horn syndrome) lymphoedema 48.13, 48.16 cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome 77.40–1, 77.43, 77.44 3.44, 45.14, 45.15, 45.36, 45.39 male genitalia involvement 71.28, 71.30 22.24–5, 50.53, 62.69 pyogenic granuloma 77.40, 77.41 cutis marmorata 17.4, 28.68, 62.11 metastatic 62.49, 68.17 cryosurgery 77.39–40 skin biopsy 10.4 in infancy 49.48 necrobiosis lipoidica and 60.15 adverse effects 77.39–40 wart treatment 33.49, 77.40 cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita oral 62.49, 69.116 clinical methods 77.39 curlicue pattern 10.38 17.4, 18.67–8, 28.68, 49.48 oral intraepidermal IgA pustulosis and clinical uses 77.39, 77.40 curly hair–ankyloblepharon–nail with macrocephaly 18.68 62.49 epidermolytic/non-epidermolytic dysplasia (CHANDS) 15.35, cutis rhomboidalis nuchae 45.26 perianal/perineal involvement 71.82, epidermal naevi 18.7 15.63, 15.65 cutis verticis gyrata (CVG) 15.89, 62.39, 71.87, 71.89–90, 71.91, 71.95 granuloma annulare 60.10 Curry–Hall syndrome 69.11 66.58 polyarteritis nodosa and 62.49 infantile haemangioma 18.52 Curry–Jones syndrome 15.91 with mental defi ciency 15.89 porokeratosis and 62.49 nail unit 65.48 Curth–Macklin ichthyosis hystrix 19.99 prenatal diagnosis 16.7 psoriasis and 62.49 non-melanoma skin cancer 52.16 Curth’s angle/modifi ed profi le sign 65.7, retinitis pigmentosa and sensorineural purpura and 62.51 sarcoidosis 61.21 65.8 deafness 15.89 pyoderma faciale and 42.84 see also cryotherapy Curvularia 36.55, 36.73 CVID (common variable pyoderma gangrenosum and 50.65, cryotherapy Cushing’s syndrome/disease 8.18, 62.3–4 immunodefi ciency) 13.13, 17.72– 62.50–1 acne vulgaris 42.68 acne and 42.73 3, 69.117 reactive dermatoses associated 62.49 actinic keratosis 52.31 candidiasis and 36.58 CVS (chorionic villus sampling) 16.1–2 reactive lesions 62.50 Bowen’s disease 52.34 dermatophytosis and 36.22 CX3CR1, cell–cell adhesion and leukocyte sarcoidosis and 61.23 molluscum contagiosum 33.12 hair in 66.83 traffi cking 12.48 sexual abuse 28.38 warts 33.49–50 hair loss in, in animals 2.18 CXCL chemokine/receptor family subcorneal pustular dermatosis and disadvantages and sequelae 33.49 hyperpigmentation 58.24 (CXCL1–15) 12.45, 12.46–7 62.49 see also cryosurgery pityriasis versicolor and 36.10 CXCR2 14.3 Sweet’s syndrome and 50.75, 62.51 cryptococcosis 36.89–91 purpura 49.15 CXCR4, inhibition, HIV infection vasculitis and 62.51 aetiology 36.89–90 sarcoidosis and 61.17 treatment 35.6 cromones, atopic eye disease treatment bone and joint involvement 62.100 sebaceous gland activity and 42.11 cyanamide 75.88 67.15 defi nition 36.89 striae in 45.5 cyanoacrylates 26.72, 65.28 Cronkhite–Canada syndrome 15.50, external ear 68.28 cutaneomucosal venous malformation cyanocobalamin see vitamin B12 58.13–14, 62.57–8 female genitalia involvement 71.69 18.74 cyanosis cross-sectional studies 6.19, 26.2 in HIV infection 35.24, 35.33, 36.89, 68.28 cutaneous adenopathy complex 37.32 nails in 65.15 cross-sensitization 26.44–5, 26.96 meningitis 35.33 cutaneous afferent nerves 12.64 neonatal peripheral 17.4 Cross’ syndrome 58.42 oral involvement 69.80, 69.118 cutaneous fi eld stimulation, in notalgia cyclamates 75.159 crossing-over 15.7–8 sarcoidosis and 61.17 paraesthetica 63.23 cyclic AMP (cAMP) 67.31 Crosti’s lymphoma 57.45 Cryptococcus neoformans 36.89–91, 69.80 cutaneous gaseous exchange 4.11 in atopic dermatitis 24.15–16 crotamiton female genitalia infections 71.69 cutaneous Hodgkin’s disease 57.63 cyclic citrullinated peptide, antibodies to in Demodex infection in rosacea 43.3 in HIV infection 35.33 cutaneous horn 52.36, 53.13 13.21 in head louse infection 38.20 cryptosporidiosis, HIV infection 35.35 cutaneous larva migrans see larva cyclic GMP (cGMP) in pruritus 21.17 crystal deposition, panniculitis with migrans, cutaneous in malakoplakia 55.27 in scabies 38.41, 73.14 46.16–17 cutaneous leukocyte antigen (CLA) 13.4, in psoriasis, dithranol action 73.29 croton oil 25.3 crystal globulin vasculopathy 49.38 55.1, 76.9 cyclist’s nipple 70.10–11 crotonaldehyde 25.21 crystal-storing histiocytosis 46.17 cutaneous lupus erythematosus see cyclizine 75.149 Crouzon’s syndrome 15.90–1, 68.4 crystal violet 10.10 discoid lupus erythematosus; cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD) Crow–Fukase syndrome 51.80, 58.29 see also gentian violet lupus erythematosus (LE); 29.4, 29.5, 58.7 see also POEMS syndrome crystalline folliculitis, necrotizing subacute cutaneous lupus cyclocysdopaquinonimine 58.6 Crow–Fukase–Takatsuki syndrome see crystalline 19.89 erythematosus cyclodopa 58.6 POEMS syndrome crystals, lipid-containing 46.16 Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus Disease cyclohexanone peroxide 25.21 ‘crow’s feet’ 45.2 CS see Cockayne’s syndrome Area and Severity Index 72.10 cyclohexylthiophthalimide 26.65 botulinum toxin therapy 80.7, 80.8 CSS see Churg–Strauss syndrome cutaneous lymphomas 57.1–64 cyclooxygenases 12.60 CRP (C-reactive protein) 12.28, 12.32, CST syndrome 15.28, 15.43 see also lymphoma(s); specifi c lymphomas COX-1 12.60 13.4, 13.19 CSVV (cutaneous small vessel/ cutaneous microvascular occlusion see inhibition 49.13 CRPS see complex regional pain leukocytoclastic vasculitis) 50.4, microvascular occlusion COX-2 12.60 syndrome 50.13–17 cutaneous necrosis see necrosis inhibition 49.13 Cruciferae 25.21 CT see computed tomography cutaneous neurofi bromas 15.17 lichen planus 41.15 26 Index cyclophosphamide 13.24, 74.17–18 traumatic inclusion 52.45 diagnosis 33.29 danthron (dantron) 75.158 adverse effects 75.125 trichilemmal see trichilemmal cyst disseminated 33.29 danthron erythema 71.87 hypermelanosis 58.30 vulval epidermal 71.72 female genitalia 71.70 dapsone 74.28, 74.45 in cicatrizing conjunctivitis 67.23 cystadenoma, apocrine 53.18–19, 68.30 in HIV infection 35.28, 35.29 adverse effects 75.63 in dermatomyositis 51.129 cystamine 73.27 immune restoration and 35.29, 35.46, in bullous systemic lupus dose range and evidence level 74.17–18 cystatin 4.5 35.47 erythematosus 40.56 in microscopic polyangiitis 50.36 5-cystdopa 58.6 HSV co-infection 35.28, 35.29 in cicatrizing conjunctivitis 67.23 in mucous membrane pemphigoid cysteinyldopa 58.5, 58.6 in immunosuppressed patients 33.29 in cutaneous small vessel vasculitis 40.40 cystic eyelids–palmoplantar keratosis– intrauterine 18.2 50.16 in multicentric reticulohistiocytosis hypodontia–hypotrichosis 15.52 isolation and detection 33.29 in dermatitis herpetiformis 40.62 55.24 cystic fi brosis 69.116 juvenile xanthogranuloma 55.15 in dermatomyositis 51.129 in pemphigus 40.12 of pancreas 59.59 mononucleosis 33.29 dose range and evidence level 74.28 in polyarteritis nodosa 50.35 skin wrinkling 28.93 neurological complications 33.29 in erythema elevatum diutinum 50.27 in Wegener’s granulomatosis 50.40–1 sweat in 44.6 neuropathy associated 63.12 in Henoch–Schönlein purpura 50.21 Cyclops 37.12, 37.13, 37.18, 37.26 vasculitis and 50.53 oral 69.75–6 in leprosy 32.16, 32.17 cycloserine 75.61 cystic hygroma 48.26–7 perianal/perineal 71.95 in linear IgA disease 40.50 cyclosporin see ciclosporin fetal 48.27 perinatal and neonatal 33.29 in mucous membrane pemphigoid cycobemine see vitamin B12 cysticercosis 37.3, 37.24, 37.25 reactivation 40.40 CYLD gene mutations 53.9, 53.28 cysticercosis cellulosae cutis 37.25 in GVHD 62.97 oral, acne vulgaris treatment 42.66 cylindroma 53.2, 53.28–9 Cysticercus cellulosae 37.25 in HIV infection 35.29 in pemphigus foliaceus 40.16 benign eccrine 68.30 cystine 66.5 retinitis 33.29 in pyoderma gangrenosum 50.72 malignant 53.33–4 cytarabine 75.129 TORCH syndrome 33.76–7 resistance to 32.16 spiradenoma overlap 53.29 cytochrome P450 enzymes 72.27, 72.28–9 transmission 33.29 in subcorneal pustular dermatosis Cylindrothorax melanocephala 38.26 CYP2S1 and CYP26 73.35 treatment 33.29 40.22 cyproheptadine 74.31 CYP26A1, in sebaceous glands 42.15 vasculitis and 50.55 topical, acne vulgaris 42.43 cyproterone acetate (CPA) 74.32 retinoid metabolism 73.35 cytophagocytosis 55.25 in urticaria 22.29 acne vulgaris treatment 42.53 cytodiagnosis 10.28–9 cytosine 11.2 in urticarial vasculitis 50.22, 50.23 adverse effects 66.88, 70.5, 75.120 cytokeratins cytosine arabinoside 75.129 dapsone syndrome (lymphadenopathy in androgenetic alopecia 66.25–6 antibodies to 10.19–21 cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) DNA and hepatitis) 40.62 hair growth and 66.13 CK-7 10.21 sensor 12.9 DARE (Database of Abstracts of Reviews in hirsutism 66.87–8 CK-15 53.35 cytoskeleton of cells 3.9 of Effectiveness) 7.5 sebaceous activity inhibition 42.15–16 CK-20 10.20–1 cytostatic drugs, hypermelanosis due to Darier’s disease 19.3, 19.81–6, 39.32, ‘Cyrano nose’ 18.46 extramammary Paget’s disease 53.40 58.30 39.33, 64.48 cysdopaquinone 58.6 Merkel cells 53.31, 53.43 cytotoxic drugs acne and 42.71 cyst(s) 52.45–8 cytokine antagonists 12.35, 12.43 adverse effects 26.46, 70.5 differential diagnosis 23.32, 40.11 acne vulgaris 42.18, 42.31 cytokine-directed biological therapies cytophagic histiocytic panniculitis Hailey–Hailey disease vs 39.35 branchial (cleft) 18.85–6 74.9–11 46.24 ear 68.14 bronchogenic (presternal ciliated) ‘cytokine storm’ 74.4 isolated limb perfusion in recurrent female genital involvement 71.66, 71.81 18.87–8 virus-associated haemophagocytic melanoma 54.54 genitocrural involvement 71.5–6 cervical 18.85–6 syndrome 55.30 Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis 55.13 in HIV infection 35.28 defi nition 5.7 cytokines 12.34–5, 17.49, 64.9 topical 73.23–6 linear 18.24 dental, in naevoid basal cell carcinoma in acute wounds 14.5 see also 5-fl uorouracil male genital involvement 71.28 syndrome 52.7 antagonists 12.35, 12.43 see also chemotherapy nail involvement 65.17–18, 65.27–8 dermoid assays 13.23 cytotoxic T cells see T lymphocytes, oral involvement 69.25–6 congenital 18.88–9 in atopic dermatitis 24.18 cytotoxic related disorders 19.86–8 oral cavity 69.34–5 ATP2C1 gene expression down- respiratory tract involvement 62.80 epidermal, vulval 71.72 regulation 39.33 treatment 73.23, 79.4 epidermoid (‘sebaceous’) see brain 64.8 D retinoic acid 73.36 epidermoid (‘sebaceous’) cysts collagen gene expression control 3.39 D2-40 see podoplanin Darier’s sign 5.18, 21.10, 22.14 epidermoid plantar 33.47 ductal keratinocytes, in acne 42.24 Dabska’s tumour 56.32–3 in urticaria pigmentosa 22.14, 22.31–2 epithelial (epidermoid) 52.45–6 infl ammatory, lichen planus 41.1 dacarbazine (DTIC) 75.126 Darier–White disease see Darier’s disease eruptive vellus 53.7 in irritant contact dermatitis 25.5, 25.6 melanoma management 54.54 darkling beetles 38.27 eyelids 67.33 Langerhans’ cell development 55.2. daclizumab (anti-CD25 IL2 receptor), Darling’s disease see histoplasmosis female genital 71.72, 71.73 55.1, 55.3 psoriasis in HIV infection 35.17 dart hairs 38.28 in Gardner’s syndrome 52.45 NF-AT mediated transcription 74.18 dactinomycin, adverse effects 75.127 dartoic myoma 56.54–5 genitoperineal raphe 18.94–5 in polymorphic light eruption 29.11 dactylitis Darwin’s tubercle 68.4 glands of Zeis 67.33 proinfl ammatory blistering distal 30.33 Database of Abstracts of Reviews of hair germ 53.6–12 acne pathogenesis 42.25, 42.26 syphilitic 34.16 Effectiveness 7.5 horn 53.35 activation by UV radiation 8.21, 8.22 DAF (CD55) 13.3 Datura metel 75.160 hydatid 37.24–5 keratinocytes 12.15–17 daffodil 25.21 daunorubicin 75.127 keratinous 52.45 proteoglycan binding 12.31 Dafl on® 48.25 d-dimer 47.29 lateral cervical 18.85–6 pruritus and 21.3, 21.5 Daivobet® 73.45 de Barsey syndrome 45.15 male genital 71.35 recombinant 12.35 Dalbergia 26.80–1 de Lange syndrome (Cornelia de Lange) marsupialized 52.46 role in infl ammation 12.34–5 DALYs (disability adjusted life years), 15.92, 69.38 median raphe 71.35 sebocytes expressing 42.4–5 leprosy 32.2 hypertrichosis in 66.76 of Moll 67.33 stress and 64.9 danaparoid 49.28 De-Nol 75.157 mucinous 71.73 suppressor of cytokine signalling (Socs) danazol 74.32 de Sanctis–Cacchione syndrome 15.73 mucoid, male genitalia 71.35 protein pathway 12.35 adverse effects 75.119 deafness mucous/mucous retention (mucocele) suppressors and inhibitors 12.43 erythema multiforme 76.3, 76.4 ear pits and 18.83 69.22, 69.65, 69.84, 69.110 synthesized by cells of the dermis in angio-oedema due to C1 esterase eighth-nerve, congenital syphilis 34.16 myxoid 12.76–7 inhibitor defi ciency 22.22 erythrokeratoderma with 19.71–2 nail 65.17, 65.36–7 T helper cells, acne pathogenesis 42.26 in gigantomastia 70.3 keratodermas with 19.94, 19.98, surgery 77.36, 77.38 therapeutic 13.25 in gynaecomastia 70.5 19.108–10 ‘onion-skin’ 46.29 adverse effects 75.141–6 prophylactic, in hereditary angio- KID/HID syndrome 19.54–7, 19.60 oral 69.107 UV-induced 4.7 oedema 22.22 with onychodystrophy 15.35 parameatal 18.94–5 UVR-induced damage and 29.5 in SLE 51.62 death fever (visceral leishmaniasis) perianal/perineal 71.83, 71.87 in vasculitis 50.4, 50.5, 50.6, 50.10–11 in urticaria 22.29 37.41–3 phaeomycotic subcutaneous 36.77 in wound healing 14.5 dandruff débridement, venous leg ulcers 47.48 pilonidal 71.87 see also interleukin(s) pityriasis capitis 66.56–7 DEC see diethylcarbamazine preauricular 18.83–4 cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections 33.29, seborrhoeic dermatitis and 23.29, 23.30 decay-accelerating factor (CD55) 13.3 sebaceous 52.45 33.29–30 treatment 23.32–3 decision making see clinical decisions see also epidermoid (‘sebaceous’) alopecia areata and 66.32 ‘walking’/’mobile’ 38.49 deCODE 11.15 cysts; steatocystoma multiplex clinical features 33.29 Dandy–Walker syndrome 69.29 decompression, burns 28.79–80, 28.81–2 subepidermal keratin see milia conditions associated 33.29 Dane particle 33.60 decongestive lymphatic therapy 48.21–4 thyroglossal 18.86–7, 62.11 congenital 33.29 Danoff syndrome 62.79 decorin 3.46, 14.7, 45.33

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–24.34; Volume 2, pp. 25.1–44.22; Volume 3, pp. 45.1–62.113; Volume 4, pp. 63.1–80.14 Index 27 decubitus ulcer 47.57 Demodex gatoi 2.10 occupational 27.15 molecular components 3.25–6 decubitus ulcers see pressure ulcers demodicosis 2.10 in onchocerciasis 37.5–6 see also anchoring fi brils; collagen, deep-sea diving 28.55 demography, skin disease in old age post-infl ammatory 5.16–17 type IV; hemidesmosome(s); deep-vein bypass 47.51 8.25–7 see also hypopigmentation; leukoderma laminin(s) deep vein incompetence 47.41 denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis depigmenting agents regional variations in 3.3 deep-vein insuffi ciency 47.33 (DGGE) 57.12 cosmetic use 73.26, 73.27 structure 3.1–2, 3.25–6 deep-vein obstruction 47.32 dendrite surveillance extension and topical 73.26–9 in wound healing 14.5 deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) 47.7, 47.26, retraction cycling habitude depilation 73.29 Dermanyssidae 38.51 47.28–30 (dSEARCH) 3.17 in hirsutism 66.85, 66.87 Dermanyssus 38.51 aetiology and pathogenesis 47.28 dendrites, melanocyte, formation of 58.4 depilatories 73.29 dermatan sulphate 3.46, 4.8 antiphospholipid syndrome 49.41 dendritic cells 5.1 depilatory creams 73.29 structure 3.47 clinical features 47.28–9 antigen presentation 55.4 deposition disorders 51.79 in wound healing 14.3 cyproterone acetate causing 42.53 in atopic dermatitis 24.13–15 paraneoplastic 62.44, 62.45 dermatitic potential 27.10–11 diagnosis 47.29 defensins 12.7 depression 64.3, 64.7, 64.47–8 dermatitis differential diagnosis 30.19 dermal 3.19, 48.6 acne and 42.35 acral lick 2.9 epidemiology 47.28 epidermal modulation of function isotretinoin treatment and 42.63 airbag 28.14 paraneoplastic 62.43 24.14 concordance with therapy and 72.6 allergic contact see allergic contact post-thrombotic syndrome 47.40 follicular 13.9 isotretinoin therapy and 42.63, 64.49 dermatitis in pregnancy 8.11 HIV infection 35.8 lichen planus association 41.3 in animals 2.13–14 treatment 47.29–30 in lymph nodes 13.9 major 64.47–8 annular lichenoid, of youth 41.13 venous ulceration and 47.42 lymphoid 4.8 in psoriasis 64.4 asteatotic 47.34 see also venous thrombosis migration 48.6 in psychocutaneous disorders 64.15, atopic see atopic dermatitis (AD) deer fl ies 37.11, 38.6 role in immune system 13.5, 13.9 64.18, 64.28, 64.30 atopic vs non-atopic 24.1 DEET 38.5 subtypes 24.13 screening instruments 64.48 autoimmune progesterone 8.9, 8.15, defence mechanisms see host defence see also histiocytes; Langerhans’ cells depressive ruminations 64.12 8.19, 75.119 defensins 3.2–3, 3.16, 3.17, 4.5, 12.5–7, dendrocytes depth of burn classifi cation 28.75, 28.76– berloque 26.18, 58.32 13.4, 14.5, 30.5 dermal see dermal dendrocytes 7, 28.84–5 bush 26.75 α-defensins 4.5, 13.4 fat-storing hamartoma of 46.45 dequalinium, male genital dermatology canine metabolic necrolytic 2.17 deferoxamine 75.102 dengue 33.67, 33.68 71.27 cercarial 37.20, 37.22–3, 38.56, 38.57 defi ciency diseases 6.13 virus serotypes 33.68 dequalinium chloride 25.12, 75.164 chronic acral 23.15 deformations 18.1 dengue fever (DF) 33.68, 38.5, 49.20 Der f1 38.47 chronic actinic see chronic actinic Degos' acanthoma 52.41 dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) 33.68, Der p1 38.47 dermatitis (CAD) Degos' disease (malignant atrophic 49.20 Dercum’s disease 8.17, 46.46, 46.47–9, chronic superfi cial (persistent) scaly papulosis) 49.45–7, 50.54, 71.25 dengue shock syndrome (DSS) 33.68, 49.20 48.20 23.7–8, 57.57 benign cutaneous (skin-limited) variant denileukin diftitox 13.25 dermabrasion connubial 26.18, 29.10 49.45, 49.46 subcutaneous panniculitis–like T-cell acne scars 42.69 contact see contact dermatitis male genital involvement 71.25 lymphoma 57.33–4 actinic keratosis 52.32 contagious pustular see orf Degos’ syndrome 51.105 Dennie–Morgan fold 24.24 congenital naevi treatment 54.14 cotton-seed 38.48 Degos–Touraine syndrome 45.13 dense bodies 3.51 post-infl ammatory hypermelanosis defi nition 23.1 7-dehydrocholesterol 29.6, 73.43 dental amalgam 75.101 after 58.31 discoid 64.47 dehydrocostus lactone 26.75, 26.77 allergic contact dermatitis and 26.21, skin fl ap scars 77.26 eczematous, impetiginization 47.34 dehydroepiandrosterone 26.39 tattoo removal 58.59 erosive pustular see erosive pustular acne aetiology and 42.21, 42.35 lichen planus pathogenesis 41.3 Dermacentor 30.53, 30.58, 30.73, 38.34, 38.35 dermatitis in pregnancy 8.9 tattoos 69.95–6 dermal-associated linear IgA disease exfoliative see erythroderma dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate urticaria associated 22.11 40.49 factitial 71.56 (DHEAS) 42.10, 42.21 dental aplasia 69.6, 69.7 dermal collagen, hyalinization 51.114 fi breglass 25.17, 27.6, 28.47–8 acne aetiology and 42.21, 42.22 dental care, in severe generalized dermal dendrocytes 55.3 fl ea bite, in animals 2.10 comedogenesis and 42.23 dystrophic EB 39.28 fat-storing hamartoma 55.19 fl ee allergy 2.10 hirsutism and 66.81 dental caries, in dystrophic EB 39.19 fate 55.4 food-mite 38.46–7 dehydrotestosterone, acne aetiology and dental cysts, in naevoid basal cell histiocytoses involving 55.6, 55.14–22 frictional, of children 28.14 42.20 carcinoma syndrome 52.7 juvenile xanthogranuloma 55.15–16 frictional sweat 28.14 delavirdine 74.50, 75.68 dental follicle 69.2 origin and development 55.3 genitocrural 71.5 delayed blanch phenomenon 24.15 dental papilla 69.2 phenotype 55.4 granulomatous perioral, in children delayed-type bacterial antigen tests 5.24 dental preparations 69.120 subepidermal 55.3 43.12, 43.13 delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) see dental sinus 42.37 surface markers 55.3, 55.4 granulomatous periorifi cial 43.12, 43.13 hypersensitivity, type IV dental technicians, occupational hazards dermal erythropoiesis (blueberry muffi n halo 23.12–13 (delayed-type) 27.19 baby) 17.32–3, 49.20, 49.51 hand see under hand(s) Delhi boil (Old World cutaneous dentifrice 69.119–20 dermal fi llers 80.4–6 hearing-aid 26.17, 68.23–4 leishmaniasis) 37.34–9 dentine 69.2 in combination with botulinum toxin housewives 23.20–3, 26.15, 27.2, 27.3 deliberate self-harm, adolescents 8.7 dentinogenesis imperfecta 45.40, 45.41, 80.7–8 Indian sandal 26.68 Delleman’s (Delleman–Oorthuys) 69.8 foreign body reactions 28.46–7 infantile eczematoid 68.19 syndrome dentists, occupational hazards 27.19 dermal leishmanoid 37.41–2 infective 23.23–5, 47.34, 68.19 (oculocerebrocutaneous dentition 69.2, 69.3 dermal melanocytosis 58.36–8 of (Jamaican) children associated syndrome) 18.37, 18.104 deciduous/milk 69.2, 69.3 dermal papilla 3.13, 66.3, 66.4, 66.7, 66.15 with HTLV-1 infection 23.25 deltanoids 73.43–8 examination 69.6 dermal sheath 66.4 eczematoid 68.19 delusions 64.12 permanent/adult 69.2, 69.3 dermal–epidermal basement membrane infra-auricular 24.23 olfactory 64.16–17 see also teeth zone (BMZ) 3.25–33 interstitial granulomatous 50.52 of parasitosis 21.12, 64.13–16, 65.50, dentogingival junction 69.3 see also basement membrane zone intrinsic 24.1 68.16 dentooculocutaneous syndrome 15.29 (BMZ); dermal–epidermal irritant demeclocycline, lichenoid eruptions due denture sore mouth (chronic junction (DEJ) topical acne agents causing 42.49 to 41.24 erythematous/atrophic dermal–epidermal junction see also irritant contact dermatitis Demodex 38.52–4 candidiasis) 36.60, 69.88, deposition of IgG, IgM and C3 in Jacquet’s 17.24 dog infestations 2.9, 2.10 69.102–4 scleroedema 51.119 juvenile plantar 28.14 folliculitis dentures systemic sclerosis 51.92 khaki 26.26, 26.66 acne vs 42.36–7 allergic contact dermatitis and 26.21 dermal–epidermal junction (DEJ) 3.6, lichenoid 41.5–6 rosacea vs 43.5 hyperplasia induced by 69.109–10 3.25–33, 40.24–5 lipstick 26.17 in HIV infection 35.36 mouth ulcers due to 69.43 ageing and 80.2 meadow 58.32 Demodex brevis oral changes related to 69.102–3 biopsy in epidermolysis bullosa 39.24 meadow/strimmer/weedwacker 5.15, eradication/treatment 43.3 stomatitis 36.60, 69.88, 69.102–4 ear 68.1 58.32 rosacea pathogenesis 43.2–.3 DEPA 38.5 hemisdesmosomes 3.30–2 moth 38.29 Demodex cati 2.10 dependency syndrome 48.14 keratinocyte proliferation, signalling 3.6 napkin (diaper) 17.22–7, 17.30, 25.16, Demodex folliculorum depigmentation 58.9 in lichen planus 41.4 71.5 eradication/treatment 43.3, 43.6 chemical 27.15, 58.50–1 mechanical function 4.8 congenital syphilis vs 34.16 rosacea pathogenesis 43.2, 43.3, 43.5, halo, halo naevus 54.19 melanocytes 54.1, 54.2, 54.4, 54.15, psoriasiform 17.31 43.6 hypermelanosis treatment 58.39 54.18 nipple, mechanical injury 28.14 28 Index

nummular, mechanical injury 28.14 dermatitis vegetans 30.77–8, 50.89 juvenile, acquired generalized dermatoses pachydermatous eosinophilic 24.27 dermatitis veineuse 47.34 lipodystrophy with 46.38 acantholytic, transient and persistent palisaded neutrophilic and dermatitis–arthritis syndrome, gonococci oral involvement 69.71 19.86–8 granulomatous 50.52 causing 34.27 panniculitis with 46.31 digitate 57.57 papular 23.44 dermatoarthritis, lipoid see multicentric paraneoplastic 62.36–8 infl ammatory, acitretin 74.36 of pregnancy 8.15 reticulohistiocytosis pathology 51.122 intercellular IgA 40.19–22 perianal 25.16 Dermatobia hominis 38.9, 38.10 muscle involvement 51.122 methotrexate 74.20 periocular 43.11 dermatochalasis 67.4 pigmentation changes 58.27 neutrophilic, TNF antagonists 74.7 corticosteroids associated 73.19 generalized 45.14–17 in pregnancy 8.12, 51.127 occupational see occupational perioral 43.11–12 dermatoepidemiology 6.1 prognosis 51.128 dermatoses peristomal 25.16 information resources 6.19 respiratory tract involvement 62.82 pruritic, fl eas on animals causing persistent postirritant dermatofi broma see fi brous histiocytoma treatment 51.129 2.9–10 (postoccupational) 25.26 (FH) azathioprine 74.15 subcorneal pustular 40.19–22 photoallergic, sunscreens causing dermatofi brosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) methotrexate 74.18–19 treatment, acitretin 74.36 73.40 56.12–14 protein therapeutics 74.12 see also specifi c dermatoses photocontact 75.32 diagnosis 10.23, 56.13 vasculitis and 50.48 dermatosis papulosa nigra 9.11, 52.40 photosensitivity 29.17 treatment 56.13, 79.13 vs systemic sclerosis 51.128 dermatosis pustulosa cruris et pigmented contact 26.26 dermatofi brosis, nodular, in dogs 2.17–18 dermatomyositis-like syndrome, atrophicans 9.13 pigmented cosmetic 58.35 dermatofi brosis lenticularis disseminata echovirus infections 33.73 dermatosparaxis 45.32, 45.35–6 pityrosporal see seborrhoeic dermatitis 18.32 dermatopathia pigmentosa reticularis see Dermestes 38.27 pretibial pruritic papular 28.15 dermatogenic enteropathy 23.27 livedo reticularis Dermestidae 38.27 progesterone-induced, tamoxifen 74.33 dermatoglyphics 3.3 dermatopathology 10.1 dermicidin 4.5 protein contact 26.105–6, 27.5 dermatoheliosis 45.27 dermatopathy, in dogs 2.15 dermicin 36.21 recurrent granulomatous with dermatological care Dermatophagoides see house-dust mite dermis 2.2, 4.4 eosinophilia see Well’s syndrome maldistribution globally 6.16 (HDM) absorption through 4.4–5 retinoid 73.27 need, supply and demand for 6.15–16 dermatophilosis, in horses 2.12 ageing 8.22–3, 45.2, 80.1 rubber, male genitalia 71.17 see also health services Dermatophilus congolensis 2.12, 30.39 anatomy 3.2 sarcoid-like granulomatous 43.12, 43.13 dermatological non-disease dermatophytes 36.18–20 blood supply 4.7 schistosomal 37.21 male genital dermatology 71.51–2 adherence 36.20 collagen 8.22 seborrhoeic see seborrhoeic dermatitis perianal/perineal dermatology 71.99 anthrophilic 36.18–19 corticosteroid-induced atrophy 73.17 soluble oil 27.4, 27.5, 27.6 see also body dysmorphic disorder classifi cation and nomenclature 36.18, degenerations 10.38 spectacle-frame 26.16, 26.17 dermatological pathomimicry 64.42 36.37 ear 68.1 stasis 47.34, 49.23 dermatology factors affecting infection 36.21–2 embryology 3.3–5, 3.5 strimmer’s 29.21, 58.32 comparative clinical 2.8–19 female genital infections 71.68–9 evolution 2.1–4 sunscreens causing 73.40 see also animal(s) geophilic 36.18, 36.19 extracellular matrix 3.33–50 superfi cial necrolytic (SND) 2.17, 2.20 defi nition 1.1 host resistance and immunology 36.21 immune surveillance 3.18–19 systemic contact-type 75.36 evolution of 1.1–5 identifi cation 36.5, 36.8, 36.37, 36.38, macrophage 3.19 tidemark 17.24 historical bibliography 1.8–10 36.39–42, 36.43, 36.44–6 mechanical injury 28.5, 28.7, 28.8 treatment, tacrolimus 73.32 scope and patterns of work 1.5–8 pathogenesis of infection 36.20–1 mechanical properties 4.8 uncinarial 37.14 services 1.6 penetration 36.20–1 ‘pseudoherniation’ of fat into 46.10 verrucous 31.10, 36.75–6 training in 1.4 zoophilic 36.18–19 structure 3.34 wear and tear 23.20 dermatology consultation 72.1–5 see also dermatophytosis; specifi c synthesis of cytokines 12.21–2, 12.76–7 cumulative irritant contact dermatitis prognosis/bad news 72.4–5 dermatophytes T cells 3.18–19 25.1, 25.5, 25.12–13, 25.14, 25.15 psychocutaneous disorders 64.15, dermatophytide reactions 23.8–9, 23.17, upper, hypermelanosis 58.31 woodcutters’ 26.77 64.19, 64.34–5 36.36–7 vertebrate evolution 2.2–3 see also atopic dermatitis (AD); contact Dermatology Index of Disease Severity dermatophytosis 36.18–51 dermite ocre of Favre 49.17–18 dermatitis; eczema (DIDS) 72.8–9 in animals 2.12–13 dermo-chondro-corneal dystrophy 15.96 dermatitis artefacta 5.11, 46.29 Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) atopy and 36.21 dermo-odonto-dysplasia 15.35 acne excoriée and 42.70 1.1, 20.41, 42.35, 64.10, 72.9, Cushing’s syndrome and 36.22 dermoepidermal junction see dermal– ear 68.7, 68.16 72.14, 72.17, 72.18 diabetes mellitus and 36.22 epidermal junction (DEJ) male genital dermatology 71.15 use in adolescents 72.23 erythroderma and 23.48 Dermograft® 63.10 dermatitis artefacta (dermatitis factitia) dermatology nurse specialist 72.26 factors affecting incidence 36.21–2 dermographism 5.11, 21.6, 22.5 64.35–42, 71.56 dermatology research, animals, role 2.7–8 female genital infections 71.68–9 black 22.14 see also factitious skin disease dermatome 63.1 histopathology 36.22–3 challenge test 22.13 Dermatitis Family Impact questionnaire dermatomycosis furfuracea see pityriasis in HIV infection 35.32–3, 35.45 cholinergic 22.13 72.23 versicolor homosexual men 35.32 cold urticaria and 22.16 dermatitis gangrenosa infantum 30.78 dermatomyofi broma 56.7 laboratory diagnosis 36.5, 36.8, 36.37, delayed 22.13 dermatitis herpetiformis 5.14, 40.58–62, dermatomyositis 51.120–9 36.38, 36.39–42, 36.43, 36.44–6 immediate symptomatic 22.12–13, 22.14 59.59 aetiology 51.120–1 malnutrition and 36.22 male genital dermatology 71.16 aetiology 40.58 autoantibodies 51.121 molecular diagnosis 36.9 red 22.13 associated autoimmune diseases 40.61 cytokines 51.121 pathogenesis 36.20–1 treatment 22.14 cicatricial conjunctivitis 67.20 drug-associated 51.120–1 prevention 36.46–7 white 22.14 clinical features 40.61 immunological abnormalities 51.121 reinfection 36.50 dermographometer 22.13, 22.14 coeliac disease and 40.58 infections associated 51.121 secondary infection 36.50 dermoid cysts defi ned 40.58 penicillamine 51.121 tinea barbae 36.28–9, 36.49 congenital 18.88–9 differential diagnosis 40.62 relationship with malignancy 51.121 tinea capitis (tinea tonsurans) 9.8, oral cavity 69.34–5 acne vs 42.37 in animals 2.15–16, 2.20 36.25–8, 36.47, 36.49, 66.16, 66.35, dermolytic pemphigoid see epidermolysis ear 68.16 association with other disorders 51.127 66.53–4, 79.4 bullosa acquisita elderly people 8.28 childhood 62.99 tinea corporis (tinea circinata) 5.12–13, dermoscopy 5.20, 49.2 gastrointestinal investigations. 40.60 in childhood 51.126 36.23–5, 36.49 melanoma vs acquired melanocytic immunopathology and clinical features 51.123–5 tinea cruris 36.33–4, 36.49–50 naevi 54.19, 54.38 immunogenetics 10.18, 10.19 calcifi cation 51.125 tinea faciei (tinea faciale) 36.28, 36.29– scabies 38.41 iron defi ciency anaemia in 62.85 in Chinese 51.121, 51.124 30, 36.49 Spitz naevus 54.24 linear IgA disease 40.45–9 ‘mechanic’s hands’ 51.125, 51.127 tinea imbricata 36.24, 36.25, 36.29 subungual haematoma 65.49 lymphoma and 40.61 muscle symptoms 51.125 tinea incognito 25.15, 36.35–6, 36.50 dermotrichic syndrome 15.35 oral involvement 69.65, 69.68–9 oesophageal diverticula 51.125 topical corticosteroids causing Dermovate®, pyogenic granuloma in paraneoplastic 62.46 panniculitis 51.124 73.18 acne 42.79 pathogenesis 40.59 differential diagnosis 26.29, 26.30, tinea manuum 26.29, 36.32–3, 36.50 des-arg-bradykinin 13.4 prognosis 40.61–2 51.120, 51.127, 51.128 tinea pedis see tinea pedis descriptive studies 6.19 treatment, gluten-free diet 40.61–2 drug-induced 75.42 tinea unguium 36.34–5, 36.50 desensitization 13.26 dermatitis medicamentosa 23.11, 75.35–7 hair loss in 66.29 treatment and management 36.46–51, in atopic dermatitis 24.31 dermatitis palmaris sicca 23.20 hypertrichosis and 66.78 73.28 to drug reactions 75.176–7 dermatitis passivata 64.43 incidence 51.120 treatment failure 36.50–1 in urticaria 22.9 dermatitis plantaris sicca 23.26 investigation of associated malignancy see also dermatophytes desert rheumatism (coccidioidomycosis) dermatitis simulata 64.42–3 51.128 dermatoscopy see dermoscopy 35.34

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–24.34; Volume 2, pp. 25.1–44.22; Volume 3, pp. 45.1–62.113; Volume 4, pp. 63.1–80.14 Index 29

desert sore 47.56 candidiasis in 36.58, 59.78 diathermy dihydroxyacetone (DHA), false tanning desferrioxamine 75.102 dermatophytosis and 36.22 artefact due to 10.31 73.49 desimipramine 75.33 ear involvement 68.18 cutting 77.44 dihydroxyanthranol see dithranol in post-herpetic neuralgia 63.7 foot care 47.58 HPV-associated dysplasia/neoplasia 1,3-dihydroxybenzene see resorcinol desloratadine 22.29 foot ulcers 47.57–8, 63.8–9 33.55 1,4-dihydroxybenzene see hydroquinone desmin 10.22 furunculosis and 30.23 surgical see electrosurgery 1,24-dihydroxycholecalciferol see tacalcitol desmocollins 3.22, 40.2 granuloma annulare and 60.9 unipolar/monoterminal/bipolar 77.45 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol see calcitriol autoantibodies 40.6 gustatory hyperhidrosis in 44.10 see also electrosurgery 1α-25 dihydroxycholecalciferol 73.43 desmogleins 3.22, 40.2, 40.4 large vessel disease 59.77–8 diazacholesterol 75.157 5-6-dihydroxyindole (DHI) 58.5, 58.6 antibodies 40.5, 40.23 lichen planus and 41.9, 41.16 diazepam, adverse effects 70.5, 75.81 5-6-dihydroxyindole carboxylic acid antidesmoglein 1 ELISA assays 40.8 lipoatrophic 46.37 diazolidinyl urea 26.50, 26.51 (DHICA) 58.5, 58.6 desmoglein-3 40.5 mastopathy 50.49 diazoxide, adverse effects 75.96 diiodohydroxyquin 37.28 gene 40.3 maternal 18.2 hypertrichosis 66.79 Dikaryomycota 36.4 Dsg1 disruption, disorders 3.22 necrobiosis lipoidica and 60.12, 60.13, dibenzoylmethanes 26.23 Dilantin see phenytoin in pemphigus vulgaris 69.64 60.15 Dicer 11.7 dilated pore 53.3 recombinant (DG1 and DG3) 40.8 neuroischaemic foot 47.57 dichloroacetic acid 77.48 diloxanide furoate 37.28 desmoid tumours, genetics 15.26 neuropathic foot/ulcers 47.57, 47.58, 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile 27.13 diltiazem Desmon’s syndrome 19.62 63.8–9 dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), adverse effects 45.52, 75.94–5 desmoplakin 3.11 neuropathy 44.7, 59.78 acne associated 42.77 in hyperhidrosis 44.12 and BP230 40.30 non-insulin-dependent see diabetes dichlorophene 26.58 dilute Russell’s viper venom time desmoplakins-1 and 2 40.2, 40.4 mellitus, type 2 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 27.13 (dRVVT) 49.40 desmoplasia 10.38 obesity associated 46.5, 46.7 diclofenac d-dimer 47.29 desmoplastic fi broblastoma 56.10–11 oral lichen planus and 41.9 actinic keratosis 52.31 dimethyl acetamide 25.19 desmosines 3.43 perforating dermatoses and 45.63 adverse effects 73.25, 75.75 dimethyl formamide 25.19 desmosome junctions, splitting 40.8 periodontitis and 69.18 male genital dermatology 71.27 dimethyl phthalate 25.19 desmosomes 3.21–2 peripheral arterial disease 47.2, 47.4, topical 73.25 dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA) 52.13 adhesion components 40.2 47.5 dictyoconidia 36.4 dimethylfumarate 74.29 antibodies to 3.22 investigations 47.3 Dictyoptera (cockroaches) 38.2, 38.28 dimethylglyoxime test 26.99, 27.8 as autoantigens 3.22 polycystic ovary syndrome and 66.82 didanosine, adverse effects 35.22 dimethylsulphoxide 25.3, 25.7, 25.10, components 3.22, 3.23 pruritus 21.11 dideoxycytidine 75.67 25.19, 47.11, 75.164 electron microscopy 3.22, 10.30 secondary dyslipidaemias 59.92 DIDMOHS see DRESS syndrome histamine release 73.7 gene mutations 3.22, 3.23 shin spots 59.77 Dieffenbachia 25.21, 26.16 as penetration enhancers 73.7 in Hailey–Hailey disease 39.33 thick skin 45.62 diesel oil 27.13 dimethylthiazoldiphenyl tetrazolium hemidesmosomes, dermoepidermal type 1 diet bromide assay 25.9 junction 40.25 insulin antibodies and lipodystrophy acne vulgaris and 42.33–4 dimeticone 38.20, 73.14 immunobullous diseases 3.22, 3.23 46.35 in allergic contact dermatitis 26.22, dimples 69.40 intercellular adhesion 3.21–2 partial lipodystrophy 46.40 26.32, 26.102 coccygeal 63.15 loss in pemphigus 40.15 type 2 in atopic dermatitis 24.30–1 lumbosacral 63.15 ultrastructure 3.21–2 fl ushing associated with in dystrophic EB 39.28 dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) 66.37 desogestrel, acne treatment 42.53 chlorpropamide–alcohol 43.16 elimination/exclusion/challenge 5.25 contact sensitization, susceptibility in desquamation 3.9 insulin resistance 46.4 history-taking 5.5 polymorphic light eruption desquamation en aires 23.19 obesity and 8.17 risk factor for skin disease 6.13 29.11 detergent acne 42.74 ulcers 14.1, 14.13, 47.57–8 dietary fatty acids, ichthyoses 19.5–6 mutagenicity 73.39 detergents venous leg ulcers 47.43 neutral lipid storage disease with 19.54 sensitization by 73.39 allergy to 26.18 diabetic dermopathy 59.77–8 Refsum’s disease 19.46 wart treatment 33.49 as irritants 25.8–9, 25.20 diabetic embryopathy syndrome 68.3 Sjögren–Larsson syndrome 19.44 dinitrophenol, pigmentation due to in shampoos 66.96 diabetic neuropathy 44.7, 59.78 diethyl-β-chloroethylamine 26.46 58.56–7 skin barrier function and 25.3 diabetico-dermatogenic syndrome 62.67 diethyl toluamide 25.19 Diogenes syndrome 64.43 Dettol 26.56 diagnosis 5.1–26 diethylcarbamazine (DEC) 74.51 Diospyros 26.80 Deuteromycota 36.2, 36.3, 36.4 diagnosis-related groups 5.2 in loiasis 37.11–12 dioxins 75.162 developing countries Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of in lymphatic fi lariasis 37.10 chlorinated 27.12 burden of skin disease 6.8, 6.9–10 Mental disorders (DSM) 64.11 in onchocerciasis 37.7 dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP IV) 12.50 dermatological care availability 6.16 body dysmorphic disorder 64.17–18 diethylpropion, adverse effects 70.5 diphencyprone (diphenylcyclopropenone) World Bank report on skin diseases 6.16 factitious skin disorders 64.35 dieting, lipoedema and 48.19 66.37, 75.147 development of skin 3.3–5 diagnostic criteria 5.2 differentiated vulval intraepithelial sensitization by 73.39 see also embryology importance in epidemiology 6.4–5 neoplasia 71.75 diphenhydramine, adverse effects 22.29 developmental abnormalities 18.1–107 diagnostic tests diffraction of light, colours in animals diphenylcarbazide test 27.8 ears 68.3–5 evaluation 7.13, 7.13–14 and 2.5 diphenylcyclopropenone 76.5 female genital dermatology 71.56 immunological and allergic disease diffuse and macular atrophic dermatosis diphenylhydantoin see phenytoin male genital dermatology 71.13–14 13.15–26 45.13 diphenylthiourea 26.26 perianal/perineal dermatology 71.83–4 dialectical behaviour therapy 64.46 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (PCLBCL) diphtheria 30.36–7 umbilical dermatology 71.100 diallyl disulphide 26.77 57.47–9 see also Corynebacterium diphtheriae see also congenital abnormalities diallylglycol carbonate monomer diffuse neurofi broma 15.21 diphtheroid organisms see devil’s pinches 49.16 25.21 diffuse palmoplantar keratodermas 19.3, Corynebacterium dew itch 37.14 diallylphthalate 25.21 19.94, 19.95–7 Diphyllobothrium latum 37.24 Dewar classifi cation, sentinel node biopsy dialysis and related therapies difl unisal 75.72 dipivefrine 26.46 54.52 calcifying panniculitis with renal failure DiGeorge’s syndrome 13.8, 17.50, 17.61–2, Diplopoda (millipedes) 38.54–5 Dewar photoproducts 29.4 46.16 62.12, 69.117 Diptera 38.5–11 dexamethasone, in acne vulgaris 42.53 dialysis-related amyloidosis 59.57 digital arteries 65.4 see also specifi c insects dexpanthenol 26.46 treatment of psoriasis 20.44 digital nerve block 65.42, 77.10 direct fl uorescent antibody test, Chlamydia dextran, IV l.m.w. 51.108 see also haemodialysis digital papillary adenocarcinoma, 34.30, 34.31 DFNB29 3.25 Diamond’s triad 62.8, 62.9 aggressive 53.33 direct immunofl uorescence (IMF) DFSP see dermatofi brosarcoma diamorphine digital subtraction angiography 47.4 lichen planus 41.5 protuberans in dystrophic EB 39.30 digitalis, adverse effects 70.5 mucous membrane pemphigoid 67.17, Dhobie itch see tinea cruris eccrine gland secretion 44.18 digitate dermatosis see dermatitis, chronic 67.19 DHT see 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) Dianette® 42.15–16, 42.53 superfi cial (persistent) scaly Directives on Dangerous Substances Di-HETE 12.32 diapers see napkin(s) digitate dermatosis (chronic superfi cial and Dangerous Preparations diabetes insipidus Diaptomus 37.26 scaly dermatitis) 23.7–8, 57.57 26.100 infective otitis externa and 68.26 diarrhoea DigiTrac 72.10 directly observed therapy in tuberculosis in Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis 55.11, in carcinoid syndrome 43.18, 43.19 digoxin 75.89–90 31.27 55.12 in Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis 55.11 dihydopteridine reductase (DHPR), Dirofi laria 37.16, 37.19 sarcoidosis and 61.7, 61.17 management 43.19 defi ciencies 59.96 dirofi lariasis 37.19 diabetes mellitus 59.77–81 napkin dermatitis and 17.24 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) 42.10, dirt phobias 64.24 alopecia areata and 66.32 diascopy 5.19 42.16, 66.14 disability 6.5 bullae 59.80–1 diastematomyelia 18.96 synthesis 8.2 magnitude in skin disease 6.5 30 Index disability adjusted life years, leprosy and diuretics bites from 38.60–1 periodontitis 69.17, 69.18 32.2 adverse effects 75.97–8 bullous pemphigoid 2.14–15 scrotal tongue and 69.37 disappearing bone disease 48.27 erythema multiforme 76.3, 76.4 coat colour and mutations affecting doxepin 64.23, 64.27, 64.28, 73.13, 74.32 discoid eczema 23.7, 23.9–11, 64.47 lichenoid tissue reaction 41.24, 41.25 2.6–7 adverse effects 26.46, 75.164 dry 23.10 vasculitis 50.17, 50.18 colour blindness 2.6 in mastocytosis 22.35 in elderly people 8.28, 23.10 lymphoedema management 48.24–5 Demodex mite infestation 2.9, 2.10 in pruritus 21.17, 21.18 hands 23.10 diving, mechanical injury 28.53–6 demodicosis 2.10 in urticaria 22.29 isotretinoin causing 42.64 Divry–van Bogaert syndrome 18.79 dermatomyositis 2.15, 2.20 doxorubicin 57.26, 65.16, 75.127–8 prevalence 23.3 DKC see dyskeratosis congenita erythema multiforme 2.16 hypermelanosis due to 58.30 discoid lupus erythematosus 51.4–22 DKC1 gene 58.21 fl ea allergy dermatitis (FAD) 2.10 doxycycline 74.41 aetiology 51.4 DLE see discoid lupus erythematosus fungal infections 2.12–13 acne vulgaris treatment 42.46–7, 42.48 Blaschko’s lines 51.11 (DLE) lice 2.10 adverse effects 42.50 childhood 51.14 DLQI see Dermatology Life Quality Index lupus erythematosus 2.16 ocular 67.31–2 complement abnormalities 51.17 DMDM hydantoin 26.50, 26.52 mast cell tumours 2.22 in genital chlamydial infections 34.31 differential diagnosis 51.7 DMSO see dimethylsulphoxide mechanobullous diseases 2.17 in lymphogranuloma venereum 34.33 disseminated DLE (DDLE) 51.10–11 DNA melanomas 2.20–1 in rosacea 43.6, 43.7 immunocytochemistry 51.7 amplifi cation, normal bacterial skin merle pattern (‘blue merle’) 2.7 in sarcoidosis 61.21 immunopathology 51.5–6 fl ora 30.2 neoplastic skin disease 2.19–20, 2.20–1 DPCE (digital papular calcifi c elastosis) incidence and clinical features 51.8–14 as chromophore 29.4, 29.5 nodular dermatofi brosis 2.17–18 45.28 laboratory abnormalities 51.17 complementary (cDNA) 11.4, 11.5, parasitic infections 2.9, 2.10, 2.11 DPCP see diphencyprone neoplastic change 51.18 11.10 pemphigus foliaceus 2.15 (diphenylcyclopropenone) pathology 51.5–7 damage see DNA damage psoriasis 2.14 dracunculiasis (dracontiasis) 37.12–13 treatment 51.18–20 extraction 11.3–4 sarcoptic acariasis 2.10 Dracunculus medinensis 37.1–2, 37.3, antimalarials 51.20–1 free fetal 16.9–10 skin diseases 2.9 37.12–13 oral agents 51.20 homologous replication 2.8 staphylococcal infections 2.11–12 dragon worm 37.12–13 topical therapy 51.19–20 instability 15.70–7 superfi cial necrolytic dermatitis 2.17 Draize test 25.9, 26.12 discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) 5.12– interaction with UVR 29.4 sweating and temperature control DRESS syndrome (drug hypersensitivity) 13, 51.4–22 LE cell factor 51.52 2.20 23.47, 46.34, 75.18–19, 75.26–7, alopecia in 66.43–5 lesions induced by UV radiation 13.32 vitiligo 2.23 75.83, 76.10 anetoderma in 45.17 library 11.4, 11.5 dog bites 38.60–1 in HIV infection 35.20, 35.21 differential diagnosis 36.29 manipulation 11.3–5 Dogger Bank itch 26.10, 38.58 minocycline causing 42.51 systemic lupus erythematosus vs methylation 11.16 Dohi (keratosis follicularis squamosa) dressings 14.22–4 51.2 microsatellite 11.11–12 19.76 alginates 14.23–4, 77.17 ear involvement 68.14–15, 68.17 mitochondrial 11.3 Dokumentationszentrum schwerer antimicrobial 14.24 eyelids 67.10 mutations 8.21 Hautreaktionen 6.6 burns 14.1 facial, rosacea vs 43.5 non-coding (junk) 11.1, 11.2 dolichocephaly 45.30 collagen 14.24 lichen planus with 41.20 nuclear 11.3 domestic pets compression bandaging 14.20–1, 38.31, lip involvement 69.128 photoproducts 29.4 arthropod infestation 38.2, 38.4, 38.60 oral involvement 69.65, 69.71 prenatal diagnosis based on 16.1–3, 38.11–12 debriding 14.24 race and 9.15 16.4, 16.9–10 bites from 38.60–1 epidermolysis bullosa management see also lupus erythematosus (LE) repair 52.14 Cheyletiella mites 38.4, 38.49–50 39.28 disease associations, measures of 6.18 UV-induced damage 52.13–14 scabies 38.46 foams 14.24, 77.17 disease co-occurrence 6.13 repair defects 47.18, 52.12, 52.13–14 see also cat(s); dog(s) following nail biopsy 65.42–3 disease defi nition 5.1–3, 6.4–5 immunodefi ciency and 17.67–70 dominant alleles 15.2, 15.3–4 following surgery 7.17–18 disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs in xeroderma pigmentosum 52.10 domperidone, adverse effects 70.5 haemostatic 77.50 (DMARDs) 20.59 replication, repair of photoproducts Dong Ling Hou Tong Pian 76.3 hyaluronic acid 14.24 disfi gurement, psychological impact 52.14 Donohue’s syndrome (leprechaunism) hydrocolloids 14.23, 77.17 64.2 sensitivity to, painful bruising 45.62–3, 46.37 hydrofi bre 14.23 disinfectants, antiseptics vs 73.14 syndrome 49.16 Donovan bodies 30.61–2, 34.37 hydrogels 14.23, 77.17 disodium cromoglycate 13.26 sequencing 11.6–7, 11.8 Donovania granulomatis see low adherence 14.23 disomy, uniparental 15.7 structure 11.2–3 Calymmatobacterium granulomatis multitape 77.17 disruptions 18.1 synthesis, reduced by tar plus UV light donovanosis see granuloma inguinale occlusive 73.4 disseminate and recurrent 73.42 DOOR syndrome 15.35 odour-absorbing 14.24 infundibulofolliculitis 9.4, 19.76, DNA antibodies 51.54 dopachrome 58.5, 58.6 pressure 77.17 30.28 DNA damage dopachrome tautomerase 58.5, 58.6 pressure ulcers 28.22–3 disseminate lenticular leukoderma 58.52 ‘molecular fi ngerprint’ 52.13 dopamine saline 14.21 disseminated DLE (DDLE) 51.10–11 repair 52.14 adverse effects 75.98 selection 14.23 disseminated intravascular coagulation UV-induced damage 52.13–14 restless legs syndrome and 63.24 self-adhesive hydrocolloid 73.4 (DIC) repair defects 47.18, 52.12 transport 64.13 semipermeable fi lms 14.23 haemorrhage 49.39 immunodefi ciency and 17.67–70 dopaminergic neurotransmission 47.12 skin grafts 77.17, 77.20 sepsis-related purpura fulminans with in xeroderma pigmentosum 52.10 dopaquinone 58.5, 58.6 venous leg ulcers 47.48 49.39–40 tanning and 58.31 Doppler duplex ultrasound wet-to-dry 14.22 disseminated lipogranulomatosis 62.100 UV-induced 8.21, 29.4, 29.5, 52.13–14, arterial 47.47 xerogel 77.17 disseminated porokeratoses 19.90–1 58.7 chronic venous insuffi ciency 47.35 drilling fl uid, perforating dermatosis due distal sensory polyneuropathy 63.12 melanin protection from 58.8, 58.10 venous leg ulceration 47.47 to 45.64 distal ‘wing’ block 65.42 DNA hydration products 29.4 dorsal perforation of the prepuce 71.9 drinking, fl ushing associated 43.15 Distemonanthus benthamianus 26.80 DNA photoproducts 29.4 dorsal root ganglion 63.2 ‘drip-sign’ 64.37–8 distichiasis 67.4 DNA polymerases 11.6, 52.14 dorzalamide 26.46 Drosophila melanogaster, genetics 15.1 disulfi ram 26.32, 75.88 DNA viruses see virus(es), DNA dose rate, UVR 29.1 drosperinone, acne treatment 42.53, 42.54 dithiodimorpholine 26.65 DNCB see dinitrochlorobenzene DOT in tuberculosis 31.27 drug(s) dithranol 73.29–31 dobutamine 75.98 double-bind strategy 64.41 acetylation 75.14 adverse effects 25.21, 26.46, 66.94, docetaxel 75.135 Dovobet® 73.45 acneiform eruptions due to 42.71–3 75.163 dock workers, occupational hazards 38.2 Dowling–Degos disease 15.94–5, 58.21, chronic ulcerative panniculitis due to in alopecia areata 66.37 ‘doctor shoppers’ 64.19 58.22 46.28 burns 27.11 doctor–patient relationship 72.1–2, 72.25 female genital dermatology 71.80 concentrations, conventions defi ning calcipotriol with 73.45 psychocutaneous disorders 64.36, genitocrural dermatology 71.7 73.1–2 in clobetasol propionate 20.24 64.41, 64.52–3 Dowling–Meara EB simplex 39.3, 39.6–8 conditions induced by see drug indications 73.29 documentation, burns 28.80 Down’s syndrome 18.2, 53.25 reactions (ADRs) (and drug- in Lassar’s paste 20.23 dog(s) ageing and 45.61 induced conditions) mechanism of action 73.29 acanthosis nigricans 2.17 angular cheilitis and 69.38–9 costs of unused/unwanted 72.25 pastes/creams and formulations 73.30 acrodermatitis enteropathica 2.17 crusted scabies and 38.43 defi nition 75.1 in psoriasis 20.22, 20.23–4 allergic reactions 2.7 ear defects 68.3, 68.4 distribution 72.27, 72.28 PUVA and 20.30 alopecia 2.18 genetics 15.10–11 eruptions due to see drug reactions safety 73.29 atopic dermatitis 2.7, 2.13 macroglossia in 69.113 (ADRs) (and drug-induced structure 73.29 bacterial skin diseases 2.11–12 oral involvement 69.119 conditions)

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–24.34; Volume 2, pp. 25.1–44.22; Volume 3, pp. 45.1–62.113; Volume 4, pp. 63.1–80.14 Index 31

excretion 72.27 cutaneous 75.7–9, 75.17–18 overdosage manifestations 75.10 depigmentation and 26.26 5-HIAA excretion changes due to amino penicillins 74.40 pemphigoid 67.20 open patch testing 26.97 43.19 defi nition 75.1–2 pemphigus 40.18–19, 75.20, 75.38–9 topical therapeutic 73.48 hydrolysis 75.14 dermatomyositis 75.42 perianal/perineal 71.91 dynamic psychotherapies 64.53–4 to improve peripheral circulation, diagnosis 75.167–75 photosensitivity 29.20–2, 75.30–2, 75.52 dynein, melanosome transfer along systemic agents 74.51 differential diagnosis 26.29 pigmentation 58.55–7 melanocyte dendrites 58.4 interactions 72.28–9 disease exacerbation 75.12 pigmented purpuric dermatoses 49.23 dynorphins 21.4 with herbal remedies 72.33 DRESS syndrome 23.47, 75.18–19, pityriasis rosea 33.79, 33.80, 75.24 dysaesthesia labelling 7.27, 72.7 75.26–7, 76.10 platelet function disorders 49.12–13 in HIV infection 63.12 lobular panniculitis with crystals after drug elimination 75.168 pseudolymphoma 57.53–4, 75.27, 75.44 male genitalia 71.51–2 46.17, 46.18 drug history 75.168 psoriasiform eruptions 75.24 in peripheral neuropathy 63.11 metabolism 72.27, 72.28–9 due to human error 75.2 purpura 49.9, 49.11, 49.21, 75.23 scalp 63.23 genetic factors 72.29–30 ear involvement 68.18 pustular 50.62, 75.34 dysaesthetic vulvodynia 71.82 naming 75.2 eczematous 23.11, 75.35–7 reporting 5.2–3, 75.2, 75.3–4 dyschondroplasia with haemangioma see overdosage 75.37 effects on spermatogenesis 75.11 risk of 75.6–7 Maffucci’s syndrome oxidation 75.13–14 elderly patients 75.6 scleroderma/scleroderma-like 45.52, dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria pharmacodynamics 72.27–8 eosinophilia–myalgia syndrome 75.43 75.42–3 15.95, 58.21–2 pharmacogenetics 72.29–30 epidermolysis bullosa acquisita 75.40 serum sickness-like syndrome 22.18 dyschromatosis universalis hereditaria photosensitizing 29.20, 29.21 eruptions skin testing 75.168–73 15.95 in pregnancy 72.28 pityriasis rosea vs 33.80 sources of data 7.7, 7.8 dysecdysis 2.9 prescription errors 72.26–7 secondary syphilis vs 34.11, 34.12 Stevens–Johnson syndrome 76.4, dysencephalic syndrome of François reactions due to see drug reactions erythema multiforme 76.3, 76.4 76.11–12 (Hallermann–Streiff syndrome) (ADRs) (and drug-induced erythema nodosum 50.83–4, 75.43–4 sulphonamides 74.38–9 15.41, 18.81–2, 45.8 conditions) erythroderma 23.47, 75.24–5 Sweet’s syndrome 50.74, 50.75 dysfi brinogenaemia, acquired 49.33 risk–benefi ts 72.3–4 erythromelalgia 75.44–5 teratogenesis 72.28, 75.11 dyshidrosis in syringomyelia 63.14 routes of administration 72.27 exanthematic (maculopapular) 75.22–3 thrombocytopenia 49.9, 49.11 dyskeratoma, warty, subungual 65.18 special manufacture 72.26 facultative 75.10 toxic epidermal necrolysis 76.12–15 dyskeratosis 10.39 targets, genetic polymorphism 72.29 female genital involvement 71.66 toxicity genital papular acantholytic, female teratogenic 72.28, 75.11 fi xed eruptions 75.20, 75.28–30 cumulative 75.10 genitalia 71.81 topical see topical therapy in animals 2.17 delayed 75.10 pagetoid, male genitalia 71.46 see also specifi c drug groups female genital region 71.66 treatment 75.175–7 dyskeratosis congenita (DKC) 15.78–80, drug abuse histopathology 75.21 urticaria 22.8, 22.10, 75.16–17, 75.17, 59.48, 62.28–9, 62.95 HIV infection and 35.45–6 HIV infection 35.21, 35.22 75.25, 75.26 genetics 15.36–7 lymphoedema association 48.13 hyperpigmentation 58.30, 58.31 vasculitis 49.21, 50.17–19, 50.49, 75.17, immunodefi ciency 13.13 mechanical injury 28.45, 28.52–3 incidence 75.8 75.40–1 oral involvement 69.24 venous leg ulcers and 47.47 perianal/perineal region 71.91 drug transporters 72.29 pigmentation 58.20–1 see also specifi c drugs of abuse fl ushing 43.15–16 drusen 45.22 dyslipidaemias 59.83–94 drug eruptions with eosinophilia and genetic mechanisms 76.10–11 dry cleaning solvents, scleroderma-like cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis 59.91 systemic symptoms (DRESS) see hair discoloration 66.94, 75.45 lesions 51.80 combined 59.84, 59.88–90 DRESS syndrome hair loss 66.29–30, 75.45 dry eyes see eye(s), dry drug-associated 59.92 drug history 75.168 hirsutism 75.45 dry skin familial hypercholesterolaemia 59.86–8 drug hypersensitivity syndrome see histopathology 75.21–2 in atopic dermatitis 24.22 insulin resistance 59.92 DRESS syndrome in HIV infection 35.20–4, 75.6–7 in the elderly 4.11 lipodystrophy-associated 59.92 drug-induced conditions see drug in children 35.45 in old age 8.27 primary 59.86–92 reactions (ADRs) (and drug- HLA associations 75.14–15 dry zone mahogany 26.81 secondary 59.92–3 induced conditions) hypermelanosis 58.29–30 drying pastes 73.2 sitosterolaemia 59.91 drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic hyperpigmentation 75.28, 75.32–3, DSAP1 gene 52.35 Tangier disease 59.91 symptoms syndrome see DRESS 75.52–3 DSAP2 gene 52.35 treatment 59.93–4 syndrome hypertrichosis 66.79, 75.45 dSEARCH 3.17 working classifi cation 59.84 drug reactions (ADRs) (and drug-induced hypopigmentation 75.33 DTIC see dacarbazine see also hyperlipoproteinaemias conditions) 6.13, 75.1–177, 75.10 ichthyosis 19.63–4 Duane’s retraction syndrome 68.4 dysmorphophobia see body dysmorphic acanthosis nigricans 19.120 idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura Dubovitz syndrome 15.36 disorder acne/acneiform eruptions 9.5, 42.71–3, (ITP) 49.9 duck-hunter’s itch see larva migrans, dysostosis multiplex 59.31 75.34 idiosyncratic 75.12–13 cutaneous dysplasia 10.39 acute generalized exanthematous IgE-dependent (type I) 75.16–17 Ducrey’s disease see chancroid dysplastic naevi see naevus, atypical/ pustulosis 75.34–5 immune complex-mediated (type III) duct ectasia/periductal mastitis complex dysplastic affecting eyes 67.31–2 75.17 70.8 dysplastic naevus syndrome (familial allergic contact dermatitis 26.13, 26.18, immunological 75.15–21 ‘Dudley nose’ 2.23 melanoma syndrome) 54.28, 26.22, 26.43–7 in immunosuppression 75.6–7 Dufouriellus ater 38.25 62.20, 62.21–2 anaphylactoid 75.12, 75.25–6 incidence 75.3–9 Duhring–Brocq disease see dermatitis dysproteinaemia 49.7 anaphylaxis 24.23, 75.5, 75.8, 75.16–17, in infancy and childhood 75.6 herpetiformis purpura in 49.19–20 75.17, 75.25–6, 75.48–9 interactions 75.10–11 duloxetine 64.51 dysthymia 64.48 angio-oedema 75.26 intolerance 75.12–13 dum-dum fever (visceral leishmaniasis) dystrophia bullosa hereditaria 58.20 in animals 2.17 lichenoid eruptions 41.23–5, 75.19–20, 37.41–3 dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa see annular erythema 75.23–4 75.30 Dundee Experimental Bald Rat (DEBR) epidermolysis bullosa (EB), antibody-mediated (type II) 75.17 histopathology 75.21 2.18, 66.33, 73.32 dystrophic aquagenic pruritus 21.11 linear IgA disease 40.49, 75.39–40, 76.7 Duplex ultrasound scanning 47.4 assessment criteria 75.2 lipodystrophy 35.22 Dupuytren’s disease/contracture (palmar in atopic dermatitis 24.23 see also lipodystrophy fi bromatosis) 45.45–6, 56.11 E bullous 75.37–40 livedo 49.21 dusting powders 73.2 E-selectin, defi ciency 13.9 bullous pemphigoid 40.32–3, 75.38 localized lipoatrophy 46.34–5 dutasteride, in androgenetic alopecia EAC see erythema annulare centrifugum and associated diseases 40.32–3 lupus erythematosus-like syndrome 66.24, 66.25 ear(s) 68.1–35 cell-mediated (type IV) 75.17–21 75.20, 75.41–2 DVT see deep-vein thrombosis acne 68.14 challenge tests 75.175 male genital dermatology 71.27–8 dwarfi sm see short stature in acromegaly 68.18 cheilitis 69.121 mechanisms 35.22, 75.9–21 DX-88 22.22 in Addison’s disease 68.18 chromosomal damage 75.15 metabolic 75.11 Dyera costulata (jelutong) 26.79, 26.80 ageing changes 68.5–6 chronic ulcerative panniculitis due to mortality due to 75.2, 75.5 dyers, occupational hazards 27.19 in alkaptonuria 68.18 46.28 mycophenolate mofetil causing 20.42, dyes allergic contact dermatitis 26.17, 68.14 in cicatrizing conjunctivitis treatment 74.24 anthroquinone 26.65–6 altitude injury 68.11 67.22 nail changes 65.16, 65.38–9, 75.46 azo 26.60, 26.61, 26.65–6 in amyloidosis 68.15 classifi cation 75.9 non-immunological 75.10–15 disperse 26.65–6, 26.67 anatomy and physiology 68.1–2 clinical trials and 75.2 ocular complications 67.31–2 eyebrows and eyelashes 26.60 angiolymphoid hyperplasia with costs of 75.2 ocular drugs 67.15, 67.16 hair 66.96–8 eosinophilia 68.15–16 co-trimoxazole, photosensitive eruption oral 69.83, 69.97, 69.116, 75.46–7 allergic contact dermatitis and 26.10, asteatotic eczema 68.14 57.53 in HIV infection 35.44 26.17, 26.60–2 atopic dermatitis 68.14, 68.23 32 Index

avulsion 68.7 referred pain 68.35 control of activity 44.5–7 with distinctive facies and preaxial bacillary angiomatosis 68.28 in relapsing polychondritis 45.42, 45.43 dermal duct tumour 53.22, 53.24 polydactyly 15.38 bacterial fl ora 6.2, 30.4 sarcoidosis 61.9, 68.17 development 3.5 with ectrodactyly and macular basal cell carcinoma 68.32–3, 79.9, scrofuloderma 68.20 disorders 44.7–16 dystrophy 15.38 79.10, 79.17 seborrhoeic dermatitis 68.14, 68.23, with abnormal histology 44.16–17 gap junction protein defects 15.67–70 bat 68.4 68.28 with cellular inclusions 44.18 genetics 15.27–70 in Bazex syndrome 68.18 self-healing epitheliomas 52.9 drug concentration and secretion hidrotic see Clouston’s syndrome benign tumours 68.28–30 in SLE 51.46–7, 68.17 44.17–18 (hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia) bullous diseases 68.16 small 68.4 duct (excretory) 3.12, 44.4, 53.1 hypermelanosis 58.19 calcium deposition 68.18 solar damage 68.10–11 dilatation 53.22 with hypodontia and taurodontism caulifl ower 68.6 swelling (otophyma) 43.9 tumours 53.23 69.10 cold injury 62.99, 62.102, 68.5, 68.8, swimmer’s 68.21 duct-blocking agents 44.11 hypohidrotic 66.60 68.10 syphilis 68.20 epithelioma 53.36 prenatal diagnosis 16.7 collagen vascular diseases 68.17 transepithelial elimination disorders hidradenoma 53.22 with mental retardation and syndactyly contact dermatitis 68.23 68.14 malignant 53.34 15.37 contusion 68.6–7 trauma 68.6–14 hidroacanthoma simplex 53.22–3 mutations in TNF-like/NF-kB cryptococcosis 68.28 turkey 61.9 hidrocystoma 53.22 signalling pathways 15.57–61 cutis laxa 68.18 verruciform xanthoma 68.16 innervation 44.5–6 with natal teeth 15.37 Darier’s disease 68.14 wedge excision 77.35 intraepidermal sweat unit 44.4 and neurosensory deafness 15.47 delusions of parasitosis and 68.16 Wildemuth’s 68.4 isolation of 44.4 with palatal paralysis 15.37 dermatitis artefacta 68.7, 68.16 xanthogranuloma 68.16 neonatal 17.2 pure hair and nail type 15.38 developmental defects 68.3–5 xanthoma 68.17 papillary adenoma 53.26–7 with severe mental retardation 15.37 in diabetes mellitus 68.18 see also external auditory canal/meatus; poroid hidradenoma 53.24 and skin fragility syndrome 15.46 drug-related disorders 68.18 pinna poroma 53.22, 53.23–4 with syndactyly 15.38 elastotic nodules 45.28 ear pits 18.83–4, 68.4 intradermal 53.22–3 with syndactyly and cleft lip/palate elephantiasis 68.16, 68.24 ear tag (accessory tragus) 18.84–5, 68.4 malignant 53.32–3 66.52 examination 68.3 earlobe in pregnancy 8.10 syndrome with tetramelic defi ciencies foreign bodies 68.11 pendulous 68.18 radiation-induced damage 44.18 15.38 fungal infection 36.7–8, 36.17, 68.20, skin crease 68.6 secretory coil 3.12, 44.3, 44.4 TP63-related phenotypes 15.61–5 68.21, 68.27–8 split 77.36 sites and number 3.12 X-linked hypohidrotic 69.10 investigation 36.6 earplugs, allergic contact dermatitis due spiradenoma 53.29–30 ectodermal dysplasia–ectrodactyly– furunculosis 68.19, 68.27 to 26.17 malignant 53.30, 53.34 macular dystrophy (EEM) 3.24 gouty tophi 68.17 earrings structure 3.2, 3.12 ectodermal dysplasia–skin fragility granuloma annulare 60.7, 68.15 allergic contact dermatitis due to 26.17 syringofi broadenoma 53.22, 53.24–5 syndrome, preimplantation granuloma faciale 68.16 embedded 68.7, 68.8 syringofi broadenomatous hyperplasia diagnosis 16.7 granulomatous disorders 68.17, 68.20 sensitization to 68.7–8 53.24 ectodysplasin signalling pathway 66.11 haematoma 68.6–7 East Indian ebony 26.80 thermoregulation 3.3 ectoparasite infections hairy 66.13, 68.1, 68.2, 68.5, 68.18, 68.21 East Indian rosewood 26.80 tumours 53.2, 53.22–7 animal infestations 2.9–11 genetics 15.4 Eastern equine encephalitis virus 33.66, apocrine differentiation and 53.27 treatment 2.9 herpes simplex 68.20, 68.28 33.67 malignant 53.22 elderly people 8.29 herpes zoster 68.20, 68.28 easy bruising syndrome 49.15–16 see also eccrine sweat glands, ectoparasites 37.1 in HIV infection 68.28 eating disorders 21.16, 64.21–2 carcinoma ectopic ACTH syndrome 62.3, 62.33 hot-weather 68.2, 68.21 hypertrichosis in 66.78 ECG see electrocardiogram (ECG) pigmentation 58.25 hypertrophy of retro-auricular folds obesity and 46.6 Echelle de Cotation des Lesions d’Acne ectopic CRH syndrome 62.3 68.18 oral manifestations 69.115 72.10 ectrodactylia, with anonychia 65.18 infection 68.18–28 see also anorexia nervosa Echelle d’Evaluation Cliniques des ectrodactyly, ectodermal dysplasia, irritant contact dermatitis 68.14 EB see epidermolysis bullosa (EB) Cicatrices d’Acne 72.10 clefting (EEC) syndrome 15.28, Jessner’s benign lymphocytic EBA see epidermolysis bullosa acquisita Echiichthys vipera 38.59 15.38, 15.63–4 infi ltration 68.15 (EBA) Echinacea 75.162 ectrodactyly–ectodermal dysplasia 15.39 laceration 68.7 Ebenaceae 26.80 echinocandins 74.48 ectropion 67.4 Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis (LCH) EBM see evidence-based medicine echinococcosis 37.1, 37.3, 37.24–5 collodion baby 17.20 55.11 Ebola virus/disease 33.67, 33.69–70 Echinoidea (sea urchins) 61.22 following skin grafting 77.20 large 68.4 EBV see Epstein–Barr virus echoviruses 33.73, 69.118 following surgery 77.3, 77.5 length 68.6 EBV-associated post-transplant eclabion 17.20 eculizumab 49.30 leprosy 68.17, 68.20 lymphoproliferative disorder ECM (erythema chronicum migrans) see eczema 23.1–39 lichen planus 68.15 (PTLD) 57.51 erythema migrans acute 23.2, 23.3–4, 23.37–8 lichen simplex 68.23 EBV-positive angiocentric lymphoma econazole apron 23.15 lop 6.2 57.40–1 in candidiasis 36.68 asteatotic see asteatotic eczema (eczema low-set 68.4 EBV receptor see complement receptors, in dermatophytosis 36.47, 36.48 craquelé) in lupus erythematosus 68.14–15, 68.17 CR2 (CD21) in Scopulariopsis brevicaulis infection atopic see atopic dermatitis (AD) in lupus vulgaris 68.17, 68.20 ecchymoses/bruising 49.1, 62.90 36.54 autosensitization 47.34 in lymphocytoma cutis 68.15 aetiology 49.3 in tinea nigra 36.15 chronic 23.2, 23.4, 23.38 lymphoedema 48.12, 48.16 defi nition 5.7, 49.2 topical 73.12 chronic infective, adult T-cell malignant tumours 68.18, 68.28, easy bruising syndrome 49.15–16 economic burden of disease 72.14 leukaemia–lymphoma 33.64 68.30–4 factitious 64.38 ECP (eosinophil cationic protein) 13.5, in chronic venous insuffi ciency 47.34 molluscum contagiosum 68.28 large, causes 49.7 13.16 classifi cation 23.1–2 Mozart’s 68.4 non-thrombocytopenic vascular causes ecstasy pimples 28.53 defi nition 23.1 mudi-chood 68.16 49.14–21 ectasizing endocapillaritis 49.22 diagnostic tests 23.36–7 Mycobacterium marinum infection 68.17, pigments and colour changes 49.2 ecthyma 30.17 discoid see discoid eczema 68.20 size of lesions 49.4 ecthyma contagiosum see orf drug-induced 23.11, 75.35–7 Paget’s disease 68.30 syndrome of painful 64.33–4 ecthyma gangrenosum 30.49, 49.34–5 dry palmar see wear and tear dermatitis peri-auricular anomalies 68.4 trauma causing 49.14, 49.16 in HIV infection 35.25 dyshidrotic see pompholyx petrifi ed 68.18, 68.35 see also purpura male genital involvement 71.30 in elderly people 8.28, 23.10 piercing 68.7–9 eccrine carcinoma, eyelids 67.36 neonatal 17.45 endogenic contact 75.36 complications 26.17, 61.23, 68.7–8 eccrine hidradenitis, neutrophilic see perianal/perineal involvement 71.92 endogenous 23.1, 23.2, 23.3 pityriasis versicolor 68.20 neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis ectoderm 2.2 erythroderma and 23.47 porphyria cutanea tarda 68.17–18 eccrine sweat glands 3.1, 3.12–13, 44.1, ectodermal defect with skeletal exogenous 23.1, 23.2 premalignant lesions 68.30 44.2, 53.1 abnormalities 15.37 eyelid 23.11 pseudocyst 68.13–14 in adolescence 8.7 ectodermal dysplasia fat 23.16 psoriasis 68.14, 68.23 ageing and 8.24 adrenal cyst with 15.38 female genital involvement 71.52, purpura 49.4, 68.18 anatomy and physiology 44.3–4, 44.5 anhidrotic (X-linked hypohidrotic) 71.58, 71.68 pyoderma gangrenosum 68.17 assessment of functioning 44.4, 44.5 13.13, 17.81–2, 44.13 fi ngertip 23.15–16 radiation injury 68.11 carcinoma 53.32, 53.32–3, 53.33–7 autosomal recessive 69.10 forefoot 23.26 radiotherapy 79.9, 79.10 syringoid 53.36 classifi cation 15.27–8, 15.57 genetics 15.12 railroad track abnormality 68.4–5 coma-induced necrosis 44.18 dental involvement 69.10–12 genitocrural 71.5

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–24.34; Volume 2, pp. 25.1–44.22; Volume 3, pp. 45.1–62.113; Volume 4, pp. 63.1–80.14 Index 33

gravitational see eczema, venous EELS (electron energy loss spectroscopy) facial skin 45.2 elective lymph node dissection (ELND), gut 23.16 28.42 formation 3.43–4 melanoma 54.51 hand see under hand(s) efalizumab 13.25, 72.14, 74.9, 75.146 gene 3.44 Electra pilosa 38.58 histopathology 23.3–5 in granuloma annulare 60.11 metabolic turnover and degradation electrical burns 28.33, 28.75, 28.88–90 hyper-IgE syndrome and 23.27 efavirenz 74.50, 75.68 3.44 child abuse 28.90 hyperkeratotic palmar 23.16, 26.29 photosensitivity due to 35.22 mRNA and alternative splicing 3.44 fi rst aid 28.75 hypogammaglobulinaemia and 23.27 efl ornithine 66.89 in wound healing 14.8 torture injuries 28.33 hypopigmentation after 58.51 efl ornithine hydrochloride 73.29 elastin-associated microfi brils 3.2, 3.42, electricians, occupational hazards 27.19 hypostatic (venous) 47.34 Ehlers–Danlos syndrome 3.27, 3.35, 3.44–5 electrocardiogram (ECG) infected 23.23, 23.24, 23.25 45.31–9 formation 3.45 abnormalities, pimozide therapy 64.16 infective see dermatitis, infective aetiology 45.32 function and as scaffold 3.42 complications following neonatal malabsorption and 23.27 associated syndromes 45.37 proteins 3.44–5 monitoring 17.14 male genital involvement 71.16 autosomal dominant, collagen type V elastoderma 45.29–30 sarcoidosis 61.7, 61.20 management 23.36–9 mutations 3.35 elastofi broma 45.29, 56.8–9 electrocautery 77.44–5 microbial see dermatitis, infective bone and joint involvement 62.100, elastolysis see also electrosurgery neonatal 17.22–31 62.104 generalized see cutis laxa electrochemotherapy 77.49 nummular see discoid eczema capillary fragility 49.5 idiopathic mid-dermal 45.19 electrocoagulation, wart treatment 33.49 patchy vesiculosquamous 23.16 clinical and molecular subtypes 45.32 with granuloma annulare 60.7 electrodesiccation 77.44, 77.45–6 pathogenesis 23.5 clinical features 45.32 localized 45.17–20 electrofulguration 77.44, 77.45–6 pellagra and 23.27 defi nition 45.32 perifollicular 45.20 electrolysis 77.44 perianal/perineal involvement 71.86 diagnosis 45.37 post-infl ammatory 45.16, 45.19–20 in hirsutism 66.87 perioral/lick 23.3, 24.22, 24.23 differential diagnosis 45.16 upper dermal 45.19 electrolyte monitoring, burns 28.84 phenylketonuria and 23.27 genetics 15.5 elastoma 18.33 electromagnetic radiation photosensitive 29.17 mechanical injury 28.2, 28.8, 28.38 juvenile 18.32–3 skin ageing and 8.21 post-traumatic 23.28–9 molecular defects 3.35 perforating see elastosis perforans spectrum 29.1, 29.2 prevalence 23.3 pathology 45.32–3 serpiginosa electron beam therapy 57.24–5 ring 23.19–20 pregnancy in 8.12, 45.34 elastorrhexis electron dispersive X-ray analysis seborrhoeic see seborrhoeic dermatitis prenatal diagnosis 16.3 generalized (generalized cutis laxa) (EDXA), foreign bodies 28.42 secondary dissemination 23.5–6 progeroid 45.32, 45.36 45.14–17 electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), slaughterhouse 23.16 purpura due to 49.14, 49.15 papular 18.33, 45.68 foreign bodies 28.42 stasis see eczema, venous tenascin-X-defi cient 45.32, 45.37 elastosis 8.27 electron microscopy 10.29–30 subacute 23.4, 23.38 treatment 45.37 actinic/solar 8.22, 45.26–8 epidermolysis bullosa 39.24–5 terminology 24.1–2 type I (gravis/classical) 45.32, 45.33–4 ear 68.10 electronic compliance monitoring 72.5 treatment type II (mitis/classical) 45.32, 45.33–4 digital papular calcifi c 45.28 electronic prescribing 72.26 corticosteroids and antimicrobial type III (hypermobility) 45.32, 45.34 late onset focal dermal 45.26 electronics industry, occupational hazards agents 73.20 type IV (vascular) 45.32, 45.34–5, 45.37 linear focal 45.25–6 27.19 wood tars 73.42 type V (X-linked) 45.32, 45.35 perforating calcifi c 45.24–5 electrophoresis, DGGE 57.12–13 tylotic 23.16, 26.29 type VI (kyphoscoliosis/ocular- elastosis colloidalis conglomerata see electroplating (electroforming), umbilical 71.101 scoliotic) 45.32, 45.35 colloid milium (pseudomilium) occupational hazards 27.20 unclassifi ed 23.2 type VIIA (arthrochalasia) 45.32, 45.35 elastosis perforans serpiginosa 19.89, electroresection 77.44 varicose 26.19 type VIIB (dermatosparaxis) 45.32, 45.63, 45.65–6 electrosection 77.44 differential diagnosis 26.29 45.35–6 ear involvement 68.14 electrosurgery 77.44–7 venous (gravitational) 23.35–6, 26.21, type VIII (periodontitis) 45.32, 45.36, in Ehlers–Danlos syndrome 45.35 pacemakers and 77.46 26.44 69.17, 69.18 genetics 15.10 rhinophyma 77.46 in elderly people 8.28 type IX (occipital horn syndrome) 3.44, elastotic degeneration 10.38 spider naevi 77.46 venous disturbances causing 47.34 45.14, 45.15, 45.36, 45.39 elaunin fi bres 3.42 warts 77.46 venous leg ulcers 47.45 type X (fi bronectin-defi ciency)) 45.32, elderly people 8.21–8.29 xanthelasma 77.46 vesicular of palms and soles 26.32 45.36 abuse 28.91–2 see also diathermy occupational 27.4, 27.5 vascular type, collagen type III acne with solar comedones 42.79 elementary bodies, Chlamydia 34.29 winter 8.27 mutations 3.35 adverse drug reactions 75.6 elephantiasis 48.15, 48.17 see also asteatotic eczema (eczema ehrlichiosis 30.58–9, 38.35 basal cell carcinoma 8.28 ear 68.16, 68.24 craquelé) eighth-nerve deafness, congenital syphilis bullous disorders 8.28 infection prevention 48.22 see also dermatitis 34.16 clothing lice 8.29 in lymphogranuloma venereum Eczema Area and Severity Index 72.10 Eikenella corrodens 30.59 cutaneous atrophy 45.2 34.33 eczema craquelé see asteatotic eczema male genital infection 71.34 Diogenes syndrome 64.43 non-fi larial 9.8, 48.13 (eczema craquelé) Ekbom’s syndrome 64.52 discoid eczema 23.10 perianal/perineal involvement 71.83 eczema herpeticum 24.24, 33.35–7, 69.72–3 ELAM-1 49.22 drug responses 72.28 tropical 37.8–10, 48.12 aetiology 33.35 elastases 3.44, 13.4, 50.10 dry skin 4.11 vulval 30.71 clinical features 33.35 elastic fi bres 3.2, 3.33, 3.42–5 eccrine glands 8.24 elephantiasis neurofi bromatosa 48.21 cowpox infection vs 33.7 ageing effects 8.22–3, 45.2, 80.1, 80.2 ectoparasite infections 8.29 elephantiasis verrucosis nostras 48.14 diagnosis and treatment 33.35–6 biosynthesis in fi broblasts 3.49 eczema 8.28 elephants 2.3 herpes simplex recurrence 33.18 components 3.42 greying of hair 8.23 ELISA see enzyme-linked immunosorbent recurrence 33.35 see also elastin; elastin-associated hair follicles 8.23–4 assay eczema marginé/marginatum of Hebra microfi brils immune system 13.15 ELIspot 31.6 see tinea cruris disorders 45.14–31 leg ulcers 8.28 elkonyxis 65.13 Eczema Severity Score 72.14 effects of corticosteroids on 45.4 malignant melanoma 8.28–9 Ellis–van Creveld (EvC) syndrome 15.39, eczema vaccinatum 33.6, 33.35 in Ehlers–Danlos syndrome 45.32 nails 61.7 15.65 eczematide-like purpura of Doucas and functions 45.14 normal bacterial skin fl ora 30.4 EMA see epithelial membrane antigen Kapetanakis 49.22, 49.24–5 mechanical properties of skin and 4.8 pigmentation changes 8.23 (EMA) EDA gene 15.58 in striae 45.5 post-herpetic neuralgia 8.28 EMBASE 7.5, 7.6 edicol ponceau 44.4 elastic microfi brils 3.2 pruritus 8.27, 21.12, 21.17 embolectomy, balloon-catheter 47.6 EDS see Ehlers–Danlos syndrome see also elastin-associated microfi brils psoriasis 8.28 emboli EDTA 26.17, 26.58 elastic stockings purpura of lower leg 49.17 cardiac sources 49.37–8 Edwards’ syndrome (trisomy 18) 15.11 sclerosing panniculitis scabies 8.29, 38.40 cholesterol 49.36–7, 50.54 Edwardsiella lineata 38.56 (lipodermatosclerosis) 46.30–1 sebaceous and apocrine glands fat 49.38 EDXA (electron dispersive X-ray analysis) venous leg ulcers 47.47–8, 47.51 8.24 microvascular occlusion due to 28.42 see also compression stockings skin cancer 8.28–9 49.36–8 EEC syndrome elastic wave propagation, mechanical skin disease 8.25–7 oxalate crystal 49.37 ear defects 68.3 injury 28.5 causes/risk factors 8.26 see also embolism prenatal diagnosis 16.3, 16.7 elasticity of skin 45.14 epidemiology 8.25, 8.26 embolia cutis medicamentosa 75.155 EEC syndrome (ectrodactyly, ectodermal elastin 3.2, 3.42, 3.43–4 skin senescence 8.21 embolism dysplasia, clefting) 15.28, 15.38, ageing and 8.22, 45.2, 80.1, 80.2 topical therapy, absorption 73.4 acute limb ischaemia vs 47.5 15.63–4 cross-linking 3.43–4 wound healing 14.2, 14.9, 14.17–18 cardiac myxoma 49.37, 50.54 EED (erythema elevatum diutinum) in cutis laxa 45.14, 45.15 zoster 8.28, 33.25, 33.26, 33.28 platelet, in ischaemic disease 47.2 50.25–7, 50.62, 62.51 in elastosis perforans serpiginosa 45.65 see also ageing; specifi c conditions see also emboli 34 Index embolization in loiasis 37.11, 37.12 Entamoeba, perianal/perineal infections epicuticle 66.5 arterial 18.61 measles 33.75 71.95 epidemic hysteria syndrome 64.25–6 arteriovenous fi stulae 47.21 postvaccinial, cowpox 33.7 Entamoeba histolytica 37.2, 37.27–8 epidemiological study 6.3 infantile haemangioma 18.51 roseola infantum 33.32 female genital infections 71.69 disease defi nition needed 6.4–5 embryo, wounds 14.2, 14.9 tick-borne 33.67, 38.34, 38.35 enterobiasis 37.13–14 reading checklist 6.19 embryology varicella 33.24 Enterobius vermicularis 37.3, 37.13–14 types 6.19 lymphatic system 48.1–2 Venezuelan equine 33.67 perianal/perineal infection 71.92 epidemiology 6.1–21 sebaceous glands 42.3 western equine 33.67 vaginal discharge 71.53 allergic contact dermatitis 26.2–5 of skin 3.3–5 zoster 33.26 enterochromaffi noma 43.17 analytical 6.3, 6.19 melanoblasts and melanocyte encephalocoele 18.95 enterococci 30.13, 30.69 case defi nition 26.3 development 58.3–4 encephalomyelitis, vaccinia vaccination enteroviruses 33.71–3 clinical 6.1 miRNA role 3.50 33.6 oral infection 69.76–7 comparisons and inferences from 6.2–3 vasculogenesis 47.1 enchondroma 65.34 entropion 67.4, 67.21 computer software, information see also individual skin structures endarterectomy, surgical 47.5 environmental factors 6.12 resources 6.20 emedastine 67.15 endarteritis obliterans, syphilis 34.5 in allergic contact dermatitis 26.10–11 data collection 26.2–3 eMelanoBase 54.33 endocannabinoids 21.2 envoplakin 3.11 defi nition 6.1–2 EMILIN1 48.4 endocardial fi brosis 43.18 envoplakin BP230 40.4 diagnostic criteria importance 6.4–5 emilins 3.45 endocarditis enzyme immunoassays, Treponema historical aspects 6.1–2 emissary veins 77.2, 77.3 foreign bodies 28.51 pallidum 34.20 information resources 6.19, 6.20–1 EMLA® cream 77.10 infective 49.37–8 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methodologies 26.2–3 adverse effects 75.153–4 marantic 49.37 (ELISA) 5.24, 13.19 occupational dermatoses 26.3, 27.1–4 in notalgia paraesthetica 63.23 subacute bacterial 44.7, 62.78 serodiagnosis of pemphigus 40.8 pellagra 6.1 in skin biopsy 10.2 vasculitis and 50.55 enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) 59.38, populations vs individuals 6.2–4 emollients 73.5, 73.31 endocrine acne 42.73 59.39–40 sarcoidosis 61.2 in atopic dermatitis 24.29 endocrine disorders 62.2–14 enzymic panniculitis 46.18–20 scabies 6.2, 38.37–8 in bullous ichthyosiform erythroderma genetics 15.23 eosin 26.17, 26.24 scurvy 6.1 19.33 hypermelanosis in 58.24–5 topical therapy 73.48 skin disease in old age 8.25, 8.26 in CHILD syndrome 19.58 purpura in 49.18 eosinophil(s) 12.20, 13.5 skin diseases as ‘entities’ in population in collodion babies 19.14–16 see also individual diseases in atopic eye disease 67.15 6.2 in Darier’s disease 19.85 endocrine system, Langerhans’ cell in Churg–Strauss syndrome 50.42 standardization 26.3 in eczema 23.38 histiocytosis (LCH) 55.11, 55.12 in incontinentia pigmenti 58.15 terminology and glossary 6.18–19 in erythroderma 23.49 endoglin, gene mutations 47.17 infi ltration in panniculitis 46.12 see also other specifi c diseases formulations 73.31 endometriosis, female genital in Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis 55.8 EPIDERM surveillance system 6.6, 26.3, frequency of application 73.3 dermatology 71.81 in mast cell tumours, in dogs 2.22 26.4, 27.2 frostbite and 68.10 endoparasites 37.1 microscopy 10.34 epidermal attachment complexes 3.21–5 in hand eczema 23.22 β-endorphin, UVR exposure associated receptors 13.5 adherens junctions 3.23–4 in harlequin ichthyosis 19.29 29.7 in urticaria 22.3, 22.5 desmosomes 3.21–2 in IBIDS/PIBIDS syndrome 19.49 endorphins 21.4, 64.23 in vasculitis 50.6–7 gap junctions 3.24 in ichthyosis hystrix 19.37 endothelial cells eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) 13.5, tight junctions 3.24–5 in ichthyosis vulgaris 19.7–8 in infantile haemangioma 18.41 13.16 epidermal barrier, formation by in irritant contact dermatitis 25.23, lymphatic 48.2 eosinophil-derived neurotoxin 13.5 keratinocytes 12.14 25.25 migration, in angiogenesis 47.1 eosinophil peroxidase 13.5 epidermal basement membrane see in lamellar ichthyosis 19.25 in sclerosing panniculitis 46.30 eosinophilia 62.86–8 basement membrane in lymphoedema 48.22 in vasculitis 50.8 aetiology 5.21, 62.87 epidermal cells, lipids 42.5 napkins impregnated with 17.26 endothelin(s), pigmentation regulation in cholesterol embolization syndrome epidermal cysts, vulval 71.72 in Netherton’s syndrome 19.41 58.8 (CES) 49.37 epidermal development, fetal 12.15 in non-bullous ichthyosiform endothelin 1 (ET1) 12.75 with episodic angio-oedema 22.23 epidermal growth factor (EGF) erythroderma 19.19 keratinocyte production 58.26 in loiasis 37.11 keratinocytes 12.16 in pachyonychia congenita 19.104 melanocyte growth and 58.5 recurrent granulomatous dermatitis response to 12.31 in pityriasis rubra pilaris 19.79 pigmentation regulation 58.8 with (Well’s syndrome) 46.12, sebaceous cell activity control 42.12 in pruritus of senescence 21.12, 21.17 endothelin 3 (ET3), pigmentation 46.33–4, 62.87 in wound healing 14.3, 14.4, 14.27 quantity applied 73.3–4 regulation 58.8 eosinophilia–myalgia syndrome 45.52, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in senile xerosis 8.27 endothelin 3 gene, in mice 2.7 62.87, 75.43 3.4, 3.6 in Sjögren–Larsson syndrome 19.44 endothelin-B receptor gene, mutation 2.7 secondary mucinosis 59.29 inhibitors, acneiform eruptions due to use in neonates 17.2 endothelium 3.51 eosinophilic cellulitis (Well’s syndrome) 42.72 in X-linked recessive ichthyosis 19.12 antigens 3.52 46.12, 46.33–4, 62.87 ligands 12.11 emotional abuse, mechanical injury 28.34, initial lymphatics 48.2, 48.3–4 eosinophilic fasciitis 51.64, 51.86, 62.87 epidermal hyperplasia 52.44 28.38–9 injury, arterial disease pathogenesis lipodermatosclerosis overlap 46.30, mechanical injury 28.11 emotions, infl uence on skin disease 47.1 46.31 persistent and excessive 52.44 64.2–3 microscopy 10.35 paraneoplastic 62.40 wound healing response 52.44 emperipolesis, in sinus histiocytosis with structure 3.51 eosinophilic folliculitis, HIV infection epidermal melanin unit 58.2 massive lymphadenopathy 55.29 endothelium derived relaxing factor 35.18–19 epidermal naevus syndrome 18.27–30, emulsifi cation tendency 73.7 (EDRF) see nitric oxide (NO) eosinophilic globules (Kamino bodies) 54.11 emulsifi ers 25.20, 73.7 endotoxins, atopy and 24.5–6, 24.7 10.40, 54.22, 54.24, 54.24 epidermal necrosis, acute disseminated in ointments 73.2 endovascular treatment, varicose veins eosinophilic granules, fragmented see 76.1 Emulsifying Ointment BP 73.31 47.39 fl ame fi gures epidermal proliferation units 3.6 emulsions 73.2 endovasculitis, lymphocytic 50.48 eosinophilic granuloma see under epidermal sheets 4.4 defi nition 73.2, 73.7 energy granuloma(s); Langerhans’ cell epidermal tumours, benign 52.38–45 determination of nature of 73.7 excess, lipogenesis 46.3 histiocytosis (LCH) epidermis 3.7–16, 4.4, 12.14 oil-in-water (O/W) 73.7 homeostasis 46.2–3, 46.3 eosinophilic inclusions, epidermal cells in absorption through 4.4–5 stable 73.7 need, lipolysis 46.3 warts 33.41 adhesion complex, desmosomes role water-in-oil (W/O) 73.7 negative balance, weight loss 46.7 eosinophilic panniculitis 46.12 3.21–2 EN see erythema nodosum (EN) positive balance, in obesity 46.6 eosinophilic pustulosis 17.10, 30.29 ageing 8.23, 45.2, 80.1–2 en cocarde (cockade) 5.7 reduced intake, obesity management eosinophilic (idiopathic) sclerosing anatomy 3.1, 3.2 enalapril 75.93 46.8 lipogranuloma 46.29, 46.30 atrophy, retinoic acid therapy 73.35 enamel 69.2 storage in adipose tissue 46.2 eosinophilic spongiosis 40.11, 40.15 barrier function 4.2, 4.3 enamel organs 69.2 enfuvirtide (T20), HIV infection 35.6, eotaxin 12.46, 13.5, 35.18 cell turnover, ageing and 8.23 enamel workers, occupational hazards 35.22 in atopic dermatitis 24.7 cells, lipids in 42.5 27.19 ENG gene mutations 47.17 ephelides see freckles composition 3.1 encephalitis 33.67 enhanced green fl uorescent protein EphrinB2 48.2 corticosteroid-induced atrophy 73.17 eastern equine 33.67 (EGFP) 3.17 epicanthal fold 67.4 degenerations 10.38 herpes B virus infection 33.34 enkephalins 21.4, 64.23 epicanthus inversus 67.4 differentiation 3.6, 3.8, 3.11 herpes simplex 33.17, 33.19 enophthalmos, in Horner’s syndrome Epicauta 38.26 ear 68.1 HHV-6 associated 33.32 63.22 Epicheck 26.85 embryology 3.3–5 Japanese 33.67 entactin (nidogen) 3.28–9, 3.31 epichlorohydrin 25.21, 27.11 evolution 2.1–4

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–24.34; Volume 2, pp. 25.1–44.22; Volume 3, pp. 45.1–62.113; Volume 4, pp. 63.1–80.14 Index 35

function 3.2–3 crusted scabies and 38.43 associated diseases 40.55 in tinea cruris 36.33 hyperplasia see epidermal hyperplasia diagnosis 39.24, 39.25 autoantigen (collagen type VII) 3.36 in tinea incognito 36.36 hyperproliferation, keratins expressed dominant 39.2, 39.27 cicatricial conjunctivitis 67.20 in tinea manuum 36.32 3.10 ear 68.16 clinical features 40.54 in tinea pedis 36.30, 36.31 hypertrophy, in actinic keratosis 52.30 electron microscopy 10.29 collagen type VII in 3.36, 40.51 in tinea unguium 36.34 immunological function 4.8–9 generalized dominant 39.21–2 Crohn’s disease and 62.49 epidermotropic CD8+ (provisional) T-cell interfollicular generalized recessive (non- defi ned 40.51 lymphomas 57.35–6 development 3.4, 3.5 Hallopeau–Siemens) 3.32, 39.20, differential diagnosis 40.55 EpiDermTM 25.9 signalling in 3.4 39.21 drug-induced 40.55, 75.40 epididymitis, in lymphatic fi lariasis 37.9 stem cells and proliferation 3.6–7 hyperplastic (Cockayne–Touraine) ear 68.16 epididymo-orchitis, chlamydial infections invertebrate derivatives 2.1–2 39.21–2 EBA mucous membrane pemphigoid 34.29 as ‘itch receptor’ 21.2 inverse recessive 39.16, 39.20, 39.21 40.54 epigenetics 11.16–17 lipids 3.9, 3.11 localized, recessive 39.15–16 electron microscopy 10.29 epilation 73.29 mechanical function 4.1, 4.8 management 39.28–30 IgA EBA 40.55 X-ray 66.53–4 melanocyte distribution 58.2–3 molecular pathology 39.15–18 immunopathology and epilepsy in porokeratosis 52.36 oral involvement 39.18–19, 69.32 immunogenetics 10.18, 10.19 genetics 15.23, 15.24 post-infl ammatory hypermelanosis pretibial 39.17, 39.22 oral 69.68 Lafora’s myoclonic 44.18 58.31 recessive 39.2, 39.16, 39.27 paraneoplastic 62.46 oral involvement 69.119 proliferation of cells 3.6 recessive, centripetalis 39.24 pathogenesis/pathology 40.52–3 in Sturge–Weber syndrome 18.66 racial variations 9.2 scalp involvement 39.19 prognosis 40.55 epiloia see tuberous sclerosis complex spongiotic, incontinentia pigmenti severe generalized recessive treatment 40.55–6 epinephrine see adrenaline 58.15 (Hallopeau–Siemens) 39.16, epidermolysis bullosa (EB) atrophicans epiphora 67.4 stem cell proliferation 3.6 39.18–20, 39.28–30, 39.30 39.9 epipodophyllin, Langerhans’ cell structure and ultrastructure 3.7–9 sporadic dominant, diagnosis 39.27 epidermolysis bullosa (EB) atrophicans histiocytosis (LCH) 55.13 see also individual layers squamous cell carcinoma in 39.17, generalisata gravis (Herlitz episcleritis 67.4 thickness 39.19, 39.30 junction EB) 39.9, 39.10, 39.11–13 EpiSkinTM 25.9 ageing and 8.23 squamous cell carcinoma prevention epidermolysis bullosa (EB) atrophicans epistasis, hereditary haemorrhagic increased by retinol 73.35 39.31 generalisata mitis 39.13 telangiectasia (HHT) 47.17 vertebrate evolution 2.2–3 epidermal basement membrane zone epidermolysis bullosa (EB) dystrophica– epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) 10.21 vertebrates 2.2–3 role 3.26 neurotrophica 39.15 malignant eccrine poroma 53.32 water content, ageing and 8.22, 8.27 epidermolytic cleavage 39.2 epidermolysis bullosa herpetiformis see epithelial neutrophil activating peptide 78 epidermis–dermal junction see dermal– see also epidermolysis bullosa (EB) epidermolysis bullosa (EB) (CXCL5, ENA-78) 12.46–7 epidermal junction simplex simplex, Dowling–Meara form epithelioid angiomatosis see bacillary epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) female genital involvement 71.66 epidermolysis bullosa (EB) letalis 39.9, angiomatosis 33.57–8 gastrointestinal involvement 62.48 39.11–13 epithelioma aetiology and gene mutations 33.57 generalized atrophic benign (GABEB) epidermolysis bullosa (EB) progressiva eccrine 53.36 clinical features 33.57–8 3.36–7, 39.13, 66.52 39.15 eyelid 67.35–6 diagnosis and treatment 33.58 genetics 15.5, 15.82 epidermolysis bullosa (EB) pruriginosa radiation-induced 79.18 in HIV infection 35.30 genes/proteins involved in 3.27 39.17, 39.22–3 sebaceous (old terminology) 53.15 pathology 33.57 hypertrichosis associated 66.78 epidermolysis bullosa (EB) simplex self-healing 52.9–10 in transplant recipients 33.59 junctional 39.2, 39.9–15 39.3–9 squamous, venous leg ulcers vs 47.45 viral warts and non-melanoma skin in animals 2.17 autosomal dominant, Ogna form 39.4, superfi cial with sebaceous cancer with 52.5 autosomal recessive 39.9 39.8 differentiation 53.17 epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV)- cicatricial 39.13, 39.15 autosomal recessive 39.4 epithelioma adenoides cysticum see like syndromes 33.58, 33.59 clinical subtypes 39.11–15 diagnosis 39.25 trichoepithelioma epidermoid (‘sebaceous’) cysts 42.88, diagnosis 39.24, 39.25 lethal 39.8 epithelioma cuniculatum 52.26, 65.38 52.45–6 electron microscopy 10.29 muscular dystrophy with 39.4, 39.8 epithelium, oral cavity 69.1 acne vs 42.37 generalized non-Herlitz 39.13 neuromuscular disease with 39.8 epitope, anti-Ro antibodies 51.137 excision 77.36 genetics 3.28, 3.31, 3.36, 39.9–11 basal type 39.2, 39.6–9 epitope spreading 40.5 following ear piercing 68.8 Herlitz 39.9, 39.10, 39.11–13 classifi cation 39.2 epitrichial sweat glands see apocrine genetics 15.26 indeterminate 39.9 clinical subtypes 39.5–9 sweat glands implantation 65.34 laminin 332 gene mutations 3.28, diagnosis 39.24, 39.25 epitrichium 17.20 lipoma vs 46.44 39.10 Dowling–Meara form 39.3, 39.6–8, eponychium see cuticle mechanical injury 28.28 late-onset 39.15 39.30–1 epoxy resins see resins, epoxy plantar 33.47 localized (non-Herlitz) 39.14 diagnosis 39.25 Eppendorf Itch Questionnaire 21.16 sites 52.45 molecular pathology 39.9–11 electron microscopy 10.29, 39.4 epratuzumab 74.10 trichilemmal cysts vs 52.46 non-Herlitz type 3.36–7, 39.4, 39.9, generalized 39.6 epsilon aminocaproic acid, in hereditary see also steatocystoma multiplex 39.10, 39.13, 39.31, 66.52 of hands and feet (Weber–Cockayne) angio-oedema 22.22 epidermolysis 39.1 non-Herlitz type, BPAG2 gene 39.4, 39.6, 39.30–1 Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) 33.30–2 epidermolysis bullosa (EB) 39.1, 39.1–32 mutations 3.31, 3.36, 39.10 friction blisters in 28.13 acne fulminans and 42.83–4 albopapuloid (Pasini) 39.21–2, 45.50 oral involvement 69.32 keratin gene mutation 3.10 antibodies to 33.30 with aplasia cutis congenita 18.101 progressive 39.15 Koebner 39.4, 39.6 dermatoses associated 33.31 classifi cation 39.1–2 pyloric stenosis with 39.9–10, 39.11, lethal acantholytic 39.4, 39.5–6 diagnosis 33.30 defi nition 39.1 39.14 lethal autosomal recessive 39.8 epidemiology 33.30 dermolytic cleavage 39.2 lamina lucidolytic cleavage 39.2, 39.9 localized (Weber–Cockayne) 39.4, 39.6, female genital dermatology 71.65, diagnosis and investigations 39.1–2, see also epidermolysis bullosa (EB), 39.30–1 71.69 39.24–7 junctional mechanical injury 28.13 Gianotti–Crosti syndrome 33.31 antigen mapping 39.25 oral involvement 39.13, 39.18–19, migratory circinate 39.9 haemophagocytic syndrome 33.31 electron microscopy 39.24–5 69.31–2 molecular pathology 39.3–5 hairy leukoplakia 33.31, 69.90, 69.91, molecular 39.26–7 preimplantation diagnosis 16.7–8, 39.31 mottled pigmentation with 39.4, 39.8 69.93 skin biopsy 39.21, 39.24 prenatal diagnosis 16.2–3, 16.4, 16.5, non-Dowling–Meara generalized Hodgkin’s disease and 35.41 specifi c antibody probes 39.25–6 16.7, 16.10, 39.27, 39.31 variant 39.4, 39.6 hydroa vacciniforme association 29.15 differential diagnosis 15.82, 39.27 prevalence and incidence 39.3 pyloric stenosis with 39.4, 39.8 infectious mononucleosis 33.30 dystrophic 39.2, 39.15–24 pseudojunctional 39.4 suprabasal subtypes 39.2, 39.5–6 Kikuchi’s histiocytic necrotizing albopapuloid (Pasini) variant 39.21– renal involvement 39.20, 62.71 treatment 39.30–1 lymphadenitis 33.31, 33.77 2, 45.50 screening 39.27 epidermolysis bullosa (EB) simplex latency and persistence 33.30 in animals 2.17 treatment 39.27–32 superfi cialis 39.5 lymphomas and lymphoproliferative autosomal dominant 39.15, 39.16, gene therapy 39.31 epidermolytic ichthyosis, annular 19.31 disorders 33.30–1 39.17, 39.21–4 neonates and infants 39.27–8 epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma oral infection 33.30, 69.75, 69.118 autosomal recessive 39.15, 39.18–20 severe generalized recessive 19.3, 19.94, 19.95–7 perianal/perineal dermatology 71.94 Bart’s syndrome 39.17, 39.18, 39.22 dystrophic EB 39.28–30 epidermolytic toxins 30.7 primary infection 33.30 bullous dermolysis of newborn epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA) Epidermophyton fl occosum 36.18, 36.21 reactivation in GVHD 62.97 39.23–4, 39.25 40.51–6 female genital infection 71.68–9 recessive dystrophic, non-melanoma classifi cation 39.2 aetiology 40.52 identifi cation 36.8, 36.46 skin cancer and 52.11 clinical subtypes 39.18–24 in animals 2.15 in tinea corporis 36.23, 36.24 shedding 33.30 36 Index

sinus histiocytosis with massive persistent cholinergic 22.15 predisposing factors 69.69 see also lamellar ichthyosis lymphadenopathy (SHML) 55.29 post-infl ammatory, in acne 42.33 pregnancy and 8.12 crusted scabies and 23.48 urticaria following infection 22.8 pressure 47.33 in psittacosis 30.72 defi nition 23.46 vasculitis and 50.49 quantifi cation 25.22 reactions resembling 26.25, 76.5 dermatophytosis and 23.48 Epstein’s pearls 17.5, 69.17 radiation spectrum for induction 29.5, terminology 76.1 diagnosis 23.49 eptifi batide 49.13 29.9 treatment 69.69–70, 76.7 differential diagnosis 26.30 EPUAP scheme 14.13, 14.14 recurrent scarlatiniform 30.34 triggering factors 76.2, 76.3 drug-induced 23.47, 75.24–5 epulis recurrent toxin-mediated perineal 30.32 ulcerative colitis and 62.50 eczema and 23.47 congenital 69.17 in rosacea 43.3, 43.4, 43.6 in varicella 33.25 gynaecomastia and 70.4 giant cell 69.20 SCLE-like marginally scaled 51.135 in viral infections 33.76, 76.2 histopathology 23.46 pregnancy 8.11, 69.20–1 skin colour and 5.16 erythema multiforme-like syndrome HIV infection and 35.13, 35.16 epulis fi ssuratum 69.109–10 Sweet’s disease-like annular erythema 51.14 Hodgkin’s disease and 23.48 Epyris californicus 38.14 51.135 erythema multiforme major 67.20–1 ichthyosiform 23.48 EQ see erythroplasia of Queyrat in sympathetic nerve injury 63.20 ocular complications 67.20–1 incidence 23.46 equina (glanders) 30.51 thermal injury 28.72–3 ocular mucous membrane pemphigoid leukaemia and 23.48 Erbium:YAG laser see under laser therapy in triple response 22.12 vs 67.19 lichen planus and 23.48 Erb’s point 77.3 see also erythema annulare centrifugum see also Stevens–Johnson syndrome lymphoma and 23.48 Erdheim–Chester disease 55.18–19 erythema ab igne 28.72–3, 52.24 (SJS) metabolic complications 20.13 ergosterol 36.2, 73.12 erythema annulare centrifugum 5.12, erythema necroticans (Lucio reaction/ naevoid bullous ichthyosiform 19.31 erisipela de la costa 37.5 26.26, 62.38, 62.106, 62.110–12, phenomenon) 32.13, 49.35 paraneoplastic 62.38 ERK1 and ERK2 mitogen-activated 75.23–4 erythema neonatorum 17.4 pemphigus foliaceus and 23.48 protein kinases 12.11 molluscum contagiosum with 33.12 erythema nodosum (EN) 31.24, 46.12, pityriasis rubra pilaris and 23.48 erlotinib 75.132 erythema annulare rheumaticum 62.107 50.82–7 postoperative 75.154 erosiointerdigitalis blastomycetica 36.61 erythema chronicum migrans see aetiology and pathogenesis 50.83–5 prognosis 23.49–50 erosion erythema migrans childhood 61.16 psoriasis and 23.47 defi nition 5.7 erythema circinatum 69.94 chronic 50.86 secondary haemodynamic and mulberrry-like 36.87 erythema dyschromicum perstans 30.63, clinical features 50.86 metabolic disturbances 23.49 erosive adenomatosis of the nipple 58.33–4 in coccidioidomycosis 36.86 Sézary syndrome and 23.48, 57.17–22 70.12–13 lichen planus vs 41.17 Crohn’s disease and 62.50 treatment 23.49, 75.176 erosive pustular dermatitis race and 9.16–17 defi nition 50.82–3 of unknown origin 23.48–9 legs 50.89–90 erythema elevatum diutinum 50.25–7, diagnosis 50.86 erythrogenic toxins 30.11, 30.34 treatment 73.32 50.62, 62.51 drug-induced 50.83–4, 75.43–4 erythrokeratoderma 19.3, 19.69–72 erosive pustular dermatosis erythema gyratum repens 62.107–8 enzymic (pancreatic) panniculitis progressive symmetrical (Gottron’s legs 47.44 paraneoplastic 62.38 mimicking 46.19 syndrome) 19.70–1, 45.58, scalp 66.49–50 tuberculosis and 31.21 following jellyfi sh stings 38.56 45.59–60 erucism 38.28 erythema induratum of Bazin and of following streptococcal infection 30.12 with sensorineural deafness 69.12 eruptive vellus hair cyst (EVHC) 42.88 Whitfi eld 31.10, 31.24, 47.57, histopathology 50.85–6 see also Mal de Meleda ERX1/2 51.65 50.31 history and nomenclature 50.83 erythrokeratoderma variabilis 19.3, erysipelas 30.17–21 see also vasculitis, nodular in lymphogranuloma venereum 30.70 19.69–70, 39.27 bacteriology 30.17–18 erythema infectiosum (fi fth disease) 5.10, pregnancy and 50.83 pregnancy and 8.12 clinical features 30.18, 30.19 33.62, 33.63 in psittacosis 30.72 treatment 73.36 coastal see onchocerciasis see also parvovirus B19 infection in sarcoidosis 50.83, 61.2, 61.6, 61.8, erythrokeratolysis hiemalis (Oudtshoorn complications 30.18 erythema marginatum (rheumaticum) 61.9 disease) 19.66, 19.68–9 defi nition 30.17 62.107 septal panniculitis 46.12 erythromelalgia 47.9–10, 62.3, 62.41, diagnosis 30.18–19 rheumatic fever 51.138 treatment 50.86–7 75.44–5 differential diagnosis 26.29 erythema migrans 30.64–6, 62.106–7 tuberculous 31.8 in myeloproliferative disorders 49.29 ear 68.19 acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans ulcerative colitis and 62.50 erythromelanosis follicularis faciei et colli in HIV infection 35.24–5 and 45.10 as vasculitis 61.17 19.73 lymphoedema and 48.12, 48.15, 48.24 lingual see tongue, geographical in viral infections 33.76 erythromelanosis follicularis of the face management 48.24 erythema multiforme (EM) 76.2–8 erythema nodosum leprosum see lepra and neck 58.36 ocular involvement 67.27 aetiology 69.69, 76.2–5 reactions, type 2 erythromycin 74.42, 75.58 recurrent 30.18, 48.29 allergic contact dermatitis resembling erythema nodosum migrans see erythema acne vulgaris treatment 42.47, 42.48 treatment 30.19–20 26.25–6, 26.76 nodosum adverse effects, ocular 67.32 erysipelas-like erythema 59.77 in animals 2.16 erythema toxicum neonatorum 17.6–7 chancroid treatment 34.35 erysipeloid 30.42–3 atypical 76.7 erythemal response 58.10 in linear IgA disease 40.50 Erysipelothrix rusiopathiae (insidiosa) 30.35, clinical features 69.69, 76.6–7 erythermalgia see erythromelalgia pityriasis rosea treatment 33.81 30.42–3 in coccidioidomycosis 36.86 erythralgia see erythromelalgia in pregnancy 42.51 erythema coxsackievirus infections and 33.72 erythrasma 30.37–9 Propionibacterium acnes resistance 42.42, acral 75.122–3 Crohn’s disease and 62.50 differential diagnosis 26.29, 36.11 42.56 acute drug-induced phototoxicity 29.21 defi nition 76.1 genitocrural dermatology 71.6 in rosacea 43.6 annular see annular erythema diagnosis 69.69 perianal/perineal dermatology 71.95 syphilis management 34.22 carbon monoxide poisoning 28.93 differential diagnosis 40.11, 76.7 treatment 73.10 topical 73.10 cold-induced injury 28.64 drug-induced 76.3, 76.4 Wood’s light examination 5.19 acne vulgaris 42.41, 73.10 danthron 71.87 HIV infection 35.20 erythrocyanosis zinc acetate with 42.16 defi nition 5.7 female genital involvement 71.66 cold-induced injury 28.67 erythronychia, longitudinal 65.17–18 erysipelas-like 59.77 following streptococcal infection 30.16 with nodules 50.32 erythrophagocytosis, virus-induced gingival 69.13 genitocrural 71.6 vibration injury 28.58 histiocytosis with 55.30–1 granulomatous slack-skin disease 57.15 in hepatitis B virus infection 62.59 erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) erythroplasia (erythroplakia), oral cavity gyrate 62.110 herpes-associated (HAEM) 33.18–19 13.19 69.50, 69.102 in hepatitis B virus infection 62.59 in herpes simplex 33.18–19, 33.76 chronic urticaria 22.26 erythroplasia of Queyrat (EQ) 52.36, in irritant contact dermatitis 25.22 histopathology 76.6 sarcoidosis 61.20 71.38–9 measurement 72.11 immunology 76.2 in thromboangiitis obliterans 47.7 HPV infection vs 33.55 mechanical injury 28.27, 28.39 localized vesiculobullous 76.7 erythrocytes treatment 73.23 morbilliform toxic, drug reaction in in lymphogranuloma venereum 30.71 agglutination (cold-related) 49.34 erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) HIV infection 35.20 major 69.69, 76.7 P antigen 33.63 59.3–4, 59.16–18 necrolytic migratory see necrolytic male genital involvement 71.25, 71.27 erythroderma 23.32, 23.46–51 clinical features 29.23 migratory erythema minor/papular/simplex form 69.69, adult T-cell leukaemia–lymphoma 33.64 differential diagnosis 29.12, 29.14 oral cavity 69.22 76.6–7 aetiology 23.46 perioral involvement 69.39 palmar molluscum contagiosum with 33.12 bullous ichthyosiform see bullous erythropoietin, adverse effects 75.147 paraneoplastic 62.41 oral involvement 69.65, 69.69–70 ichthyosiform erythroderma eschar 14.1, 14.14 in pregnancy 8.10 orf association 33.9 (BIE) dry 14.17 palmar crease 62.85 paraneoplastic 62.46 clinical features 23.46–9 escharotomy 14.11 papular 51.135 pathology 76.5–6 complications 23.49–50 burns 28.79–80, 28.81–2 perianal/perineal 71.86, 71.87 persistent 76.7 congenital ichthyosiform (CIE) Escherichia coli peripheral ischaemic disorders 47.2 post-herpetic 33.19 19.17–21 in external auditory meatus 30.4

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–24.34; Volume 2, pp. 25.1–44.22; Volume 3, pp. 45.1–62.113; Volume 4, pp. 63.1–80.14 Index 37

female genital infection 71.68, 71.70 eumelanosomes 66.91 foreign bodies 68.11 tumours affecting 67.33–4 genitocrural infection 71.5 eumycetoma 36.72, 36.73, 36.74 hypertrichosis 68.18, 68.21 viral infection 67.25–6 in HIV infection 35.24 eunuchs 66.13–14, 66.16 infantile haemangioma 18.46 in xeroderma pigmentosum 15.73 in malakoplakia 55.27 sebum secretion 42.10 infection 68.20–8 in zoster 33.25–6, 33.26, 67.26 in paronychia 65.21 Euphorbiaceae 25.21 keratosis obturans 68.28, 68.35 see also entries beginning ocular pyoderma gangrenosum and 50.65 Euphyllia picteti 38.56 lichen planus 68.15 eye fl ies 38.6 Escherichia coli O157:H7 49.31 Euproctis 38.28, 38.29 mucoepidermoid carcinoma 68.33 eye sign 37.32 escitalopram 64.50 Euroglyphus 38.47 normal bacterial fl ora 30.4 eyebrows 67.1 esomeprazole 75.157 European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel osteoma 68.28, 68.29 ageing and 8.24 espundia 37.39 classifi cation scheme 14.13, 14.14 papillomatosis 68.29 alopecia areata 66.35 ESR see erythrocyte sedimentation rate EuroQol EQ-5D 72.17 squamous cell carcinoma 68.32–3 bushy 67.3 (ESR) Eurysolen gracilis 75.160 verrucous carcinoma 68.33 disorders 67.3–4 essential fatty acid defi ciency 3.11 Eutrombicula 38.50 see also ear(s) dyes 26.60 hair loss and 66.29 EV see epidermodysplasia verruciformis external jugular vein 77.2, 77.3 fusion 67.3 Estelle 35® 42.15–16, 42.53 (EV) external otitis see otitis externa hypoplasia 67.3–4 esthiomene 30.70 Evans’ syndrome 49.9 extracellular matrix (ECM) 3.33–3.50 infl ammatory disorders 67.4 estrone 42.12 evaporimeter 4.11 components 3.33–4 inherited disorders 67.29 etanercept 13.25, 72.14 EvC (Ellis–van Creveld syndrome) 15.39, see also collagen; elastic fi bres; loss and scarring 67.4 adverse effects 75.145 15.65 proteoglycan(s) plucking 67.4 clinical indications 74.6 evening primrose oil, in atopic dermatitis function and cell types 3.49 trichotillomania 67.4 dose range and evidence level 74.6 24.31 lymphatic capillaries 48.4 eyelashes 67.2 in granuloma annulare 60.11 Evernia prunastri 26.77 PDGF upregulating in mucous alopecia areata 66.35 in hidradenitis suppurativa 74.7 evidence-based dermatology, information membrane pemphigoid 67.20 disorders 67.4 origin, genetically engineered fusion resources 6.20 see also dermis dyes 26.60 protein 74.5 evidence-based medicine 6.18, 7.1–23 extracellular matrix protein 1 gene inherited disorders 67.29 in pemphigus 40.12 evidence (ECM1) 3.50 loss 67.4, 67.8 in psoriasis 20.41, 74.5 appraisal and evaluation 7.7–23 extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) 57.27 louse infection 38.22, 38.23 in HIV infection 35.17 fi nding 7.5–6 in pemphigus 40.12 phthiriasis 67.27 in sarcoidosis 61.21 hierarchy of 7.3–4 in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) trichomegaly, in HIV infection 35.41 ethacrynic acid 75.97 need for 7.1–2 51.62 eyelids ethambutol 74.44 practice of 7.2 in systemic sclerosis 51.108 abnormalities 67.5–6 adverse effects 31.27, 75.61 question formulation 7.2–3 extramammary Paget’s disease (EMPD) actinic keratosis 67.33 in tuberculosis 31.27 evolution see Paget’s disease allergic contact dermatitis 23.11, 26.17, ethanol epidermis and dermis 2.1–4 extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma (nasal 26.22, 26.31, 67.5 as antiseptic 73.14 glands 2.4–5 type) 57.40–1 anatomy and physiology 67.1–2 see also alcohol pigmentation role 73.40 extravasation, in chemotherapy 75.122 atopic dermatitis 23.11 ethchlorvynol 75.81 signifi cance of melanin and exudative discoid and lichenoid chronic basal cell carcinoma 67.10, 67.34–5, 79.9 ethics, prenatal diagnosis and 16.10–11 pigmentation 58.8–9 dermatosis 23.11–12 benign cysts 67.33 ethinyloestradiol 74.33 skin components 2.1 eye(s) 67.1–37 benign tumours 67.33–4 acne treatment 42.53, 42.54 Ewing’s sarcoma, extraosseous 56.54 anatomy and physiology 67.1–3 blepharochalasis see blepharochalasis ethionamide 74.45, 75.61 examination of skin 5.6–22 apocrine hidrocystoma 53.18 blood supply 67.2 Ethiopia, prevalence of skin disease 6.10 exanthem subitum (roseola infantum) appendages 67.1–3 chalazion 67.34 ethnic groups and ethnicity 6.12 33.32 in atopic dermatitis 24.24–5 chronic oedema 48.16 allergic contact dermatitis and 26.8 exanthems autoinoculation with gonococci 34.25 contact dermatitis 67.5 atopic dermatitis and 24.2–3, 24.21 viral infection 33.3–4, 33.4 in Behçet’s disease 50.59–60 cysts, keratoderma with 19.95, 19.111 hair growth and 66.80 see also rash(es) bullous disorders 67.29 dermatitis, tacrolimus therapy 73.32 head louse infection and 38.19 excisions see surgery caterpillar setae in 38.29 discoid lupus 67.10 history-taking 5.5 excited skin syndrome 26.88, 26.95 in congenital syphilis 34.16 eccrine carcinoma 67.36 irritant contact dermatitis and 25.6 excoriations in connective tissue disorders 67.29 eczema 23.11 pigmentation 58.1 defi nition 5.7 in Degos’ disease 49.46 epithelioma 67.35–6 pigmentation signifi cance 58.9 neurotic 23.46 drug-induced disorders 67.15, 67.16, impetigo 67.26 risk factor for skin disease 6.12 self infl icted 64.14, 64.19, 64.27–9, 64.37 67.31–2 infl ammation of margin 67.6–12 sarcoidosis and 61.2, 61.3, 61.15–16 exercise dry 67.21 see also blepharitis tuberculosis and 31.2 anaphylaxis and 22.15 management 67.22 irritant contact dermatitis 25.13, 25.15 see also race lymphoedema management 48.22 in dystrophic EB 39.19, 39.29 juvenile xanthogranuloma 67.33 2-ethoxyethyl-p-methoxycinnamate 25.19 purpura due to 49.18 in Ehlers–Danlos syndrome 45.35 Kaposi’s sarcoma 67.36 ethyl acetate 25.20 urticaria and 22.8 in herpes simplex 67.25–6 keratoacanthoma 67.34 ethyl chloride 77.10 vasculitis induced by 49.18, 50.23 hypopigmentation, in Chédiak–Higashi louse infestation 67.27 2-ethyl,1,3-hexanediol 25.19 exfoliation, defi nition 5.7 syndrome 58.41 lymphoedema 77.2 ethylene diaminetetraacetate 73.8 exfoliative dermatitis see erythroderma infections 67.24–8 malignant tumours 67.34–6 ethylene glycol monomethylether 25.20 exfoliative toxins 30.14, 30.30 inherited disorders 67.28–31 margin ethylene oxide 25.21, 27.11 exocytosis 10.39 in juvenile xanthogranuloma 55.16 intraepidermal carcinoma 52.37 ethylenediamine exogen 66.8, 66.11, 66.20 in keratinization disorders 67.29–30 ulcers 67.6, 67.8, 67.9 adverse effects 26.18, 26.44 exomphalos–macroglossia–gigantism in leprosy 32.13–14 melanoacanthoma 67.34 as allergen 26.59 syndrome see Beckwith– in loiasis 37.11 melanoma 67.35, 67.36 ethylenediamine tetracetate (EDTA) Wiedemann syndrome in Marfan’s syndrome 45.30 Merkel cell carcinoma 67.36 26.17, 26.58 Exophiala dermatitidis 36.77, 36.92 in molluscum contagiosum 67.24–5 metastatic carcinoma 70.14 etoposide 75.131–2 Exophiala jeanselmei 36.77 in necrobiotic xanthogranuloma 55.28 milia 67.33 familial haemophagocytic Exophiala werneckii 36.8, 36.14 in onchocerciasis 37.4 millet-seed nodules 61.7 lymphohistiocytosis 55.26 exoskeleton 2.2 parasitic diseases involving 67.27 occupational dermatoses 27.4 etretinate exostosis in pseudoxanthoma elasticum 45.21, ocular rosacea 67.7 adverse effects 75.109–10 external auditory canal 68.28, 68.29 45.22 oedema, in rosacea 43.6 hair loss 66.29 subungual 62.101, 65.33–4 in pyoderma gangrenosum 50.70 periorbital oedema 67.5 in granuloma annulare 60.10 expert opinion 7.3, 7.4 in relapsing polychondritis 45.43 pigmentation 67.5 in hidradenitis suppurativa 30.81 exposure dose 29.1 in rosacea 43.4, 43.5, 43.7 pigmented naevi 67.34 in lichen sclerosus 51.118 external auditory canal/meatus in sarcoidosis 61.7 port-wine stain 67.34 in non-melanoma skin cancer 52.18 altitude injury 68.11 in SLE 51.46–7, 67.25 psoriasis 67.5 squamous cell carcinoma 52.28 anatomy and physiology 68.1–2 in Stevens–Johnson syndrome 76.16 purpura diagnosis 49.4 in psoriasis 20.37 bacterial fl ora 6.2, 30.4 in Sturge–Weber syndrome 18.66 radiotherapy 79.8–9 in psoriatic nail involvement 65.26 basal cell carcinoma 68.32–3, 79.9 in systemic diseases 67.24, 67.25 in sarcoidosis 61.7 Eucerin 73.7 benign tumours 68.28–9 in systemic sclerosis 51.103 sebaceous carcinoma 42.87–8, 53.17, eumelanins 3.20, 66.90 cholesteatoma 68.28, 68.35 topical corticosteroid exposure, effects 67.10, 67.35–6 in animals 2.5, 2.6 eosinophilic granuloma 68.28 73.19 sebaceous glands 67.2 formation 58.5, 58.6 examination 68.3 in toxic epidermal necrolysis 76.18 seborrhoeic dermatitis 23.11 synthesis 3.21, 3.21 exostosis 68.28, 68.29 in trypanosomiasis 37.32 seborrhoeic keratosis 52.39, 67.33 38 Index

shortening 67.21 diagnostic criteria 64.35 famotidine 75.150 hyperkeratosis skin diseases 67.5–6 investigations 64.40–1 Fanconi’s anaemia/syndrome 58.17–18, Dowling–Meara EB simplex 39.7 squamous cell carcinoma 67.35, 67.36 management 64.41–2 62.29, 62.95 localized junctional EB 39.14 surgery 77.3, 77.5 medicolegal issues 64.45 anaemia in 58.17 hyperpigmentation, acromelanosis sweat glands 67.2 factor V Leiden mutation 14.13, 49.38, immunodefi ciency and 17.68–70 58.21 swelling (blepharophyma) 43.9 49.39, 49.44 Fannia canicularis 38.6, 38.8 ischaemic disease 47.2 syringomas 67.33 factor VIII-related antigen 10.23 fansidar, adverse effects 37.27 localized EB simplex (Weber–Cockayne tarsal plate 67.2 factor XIa 13.4 Farber’s disease 59.41 EBS) 39.6 topical corticosteroid use, effects 73.19 factor XIIIa 10.23 farcy 30.51 localized junctional EB 39.14 trichoepithelioma 67.33 expressed by dermal dendrocytes 55.4, farmer’s lung 61.23 mechanical injury 28.10–12, 28.14, tricholemmoma 67.33 55.15, 55.18 Faroe Islands, prevalence of skin disease 28.16, 28.31, 28.61 vascular naevi 67.34 histiocytosis (class IIa) 55.15, 55.18, 6.9 microbial eczema 23.25 warts 67.24 55.20, 55.22 Fas (CD95), defi ciency 13.15 moccasin 36.31 wedge excision 77.35 sinus histiocytosis with massive Fas ligand (FasL) neuropathic ulcers 47.57 xanthelasma 67.33 lymphadenopathy 55.29 in apoptosis 12.11, 40.6 in obesity 8.17 ezetimibe 59.93 factor B 13.18 toxic epidermal necrolysis and 74.11 occupational dermatoses 27.3 factor H 13.3 fascial hernias, legs 45.68–9 pitted keratolysis 44.8 defi ciency 13.3 ‘fascial’ network 3.50 psoriasis of soles 20.15 F factor I 13.3 fasciitis, eosinophilic see eosinophilic rocker-bottom 63.8 F granules 3.10 factory visits 27.8–9 fasciitis soles of see soles fabric conditioners/softeners 25.25, 26.18 FAE see fumaric acid esters fasciitis–panniculitis syndrome 46.31 symmetrical lividity 44.8 fabricated and induced illness 64.44–5 faecal contamination 71.85 fascin 55.9 tropical immersion 30.49 Fabry’s disease see Anderson–Fabry faecal impaction 39.28–9 Fasciola hepatica 37.3 wrinkling 28.93 disease (angiokeratoma corporis faeces, napkin dermatitis and 17.23 fat Felty’s syndrome diffusum) falanga 28.32–3 accumulation, buffalo hump 46.42 leg ulceration associated 47.55 face famciclovir autologous transfer 46.39, 46.43, 80.5–6 oral involvement 69.32–3 allergic contact dermatitis 26.16–17, action 74.49 loss see lipoatrophy pyoderma gangrenosum of perianal 26.47, 26.48 therapy metabolism, regulation 46.2–3 area 51.132 basal cell carcinoma 79.10, 79.11 herpes simplex 33.20, 33.21 subcutaneous see subcutaneous fat female(s) cellulitis 30.18 herpes zoster 33.27, 33.28, 63.6, 67.26 fat cells see adipocytes acne vulgaris 42.18 Demodex folliculorum in rosacea 43.2 familial atypical multiple mole and fat embolism 49.38, 62.99, 62.101 sexual development 8.2 differential diagnosis of dermatoses melanoma 62.20, 62.21–2 fat granuloma 61.22 female genital dermatology 71.52–82 26.29 familial cancer syndromes 52.6 fat necrosis see subcutaneous fat, necrosis benign tumours and tumour-like embryonic development 18.80, 18.85 familial cold autoinfl ammatory syndrome fat tissue 46.2 lesions 71.72–4 erythromelanosis follicularis of 58.36 15.95–6 as organ 46.2 congenital and developmental fi brous papule 56.2–3 familial cold urticaria 74.11 see also subcutaneous fat abnormalities 71.56 fl ushing see fl ushing familial disorders fatty acid(s) 46.2 general approaches 71.1–4, 71.52 focal facial dermal dysplasia 45.6, 45.8 analysis 15.7 energy source 46.3 infl ammatory dermatoses 71.58–65, hemiatrophy 45.11–12, 51.70 defi nition 15.2 free see free fatty acids 71.66 Herlitz junctional EB 39.12 see also specifi c familial disorders in ichthyoses 19.5–6 lichen planus 41.9 intradermal elastic tissue 45.2 familial dysautonomia 44.7, 62.80, 63.18 neutral lipid storage disease with lichen simplex and lichenifi cation necrobiosis 68.17 type II 15.34 19.52, 19.54 71.52–3 piercings 69.96 familial dyskeratotic comedones 19.76 Refsum’s disease 19.45–6 malignant neoplasms 71.76–9 purpura 49.4 familial glomus tumour, genetics 15.6 Sjögren–Larsson syndrome 19.42–3, miscellaneous conditions 71.79–82 radiotherapy 79.10, 79.11 familial haemophagocytic 19.44 non-sexually transmitted infections rejuvenation techniques 80.4–14 lymphohistiocytosis (FHL) non-esterifi ed (NEFA) 46.3 71.67–70 rosacea features 43.3 55.25–6 in sebum 42.5, 42.6 normal fl ora and variants 71.55 sebaceous carcinoma 53.17 familial Hibernian fever 22.25, 50.53, in topical treatment 73.7 precancerous dermatoses 71.74–6 seborrhoeic dermatitis 23.31 62.69, 62.104 fatty acid esters 73.35 sexually transmitted diseases 71.70–2 skin biopsy 10.33 familial histiocytic dermoarthritis 62.104 acnegenicity 27.13 trauma and artefact 28.38, 71.56–7, spontaneous atrophic scarring of the familial hypercholanaemia 3.25 fatty alcohol oxidation (FAO), Sjögren– 71.66 cheeks 45.7 familial hypercholesterolaemia 59.86–8 Larsson syndrome 19.42, 19.44 ulcerative and bullous disorders telangiectases 47.14 pseudo familial hypercholesterolaemia fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase (FALDH), 71.65–7 vascular tone 43.14 59.92 Sjögren–Larsson syndrome vaginal discharge 71.52, 71.53–4, 71.69 warts 33.41 familial hypomagnesaemia 3.25 19.42, 19.43, 19.44 see also individual conditions facial Afro-Caribbean childhood eruption familial male-lethal type incontinentia faun tail 18.96, 53.6, 63.15 female genital mutilation (FGM) 71.56–7 (FACE) 9.12, 43.12, 43.13 pigmenti 15.45 favourable skin tension lines, scar female genitalia, structure and function facial artery 77.2 familial mandibulo-acral dysplasia orientation and 77.2, 77.11, 77.13 71.54–6 facial ectodermal dysplasia 15.40 45.61–2 Favre–Chaix’s purpura 49.22 femoropopliteal vein bypass 47.6 facial hemiatrophy 46.39 familial Mediterranean fever 22.25 Favre–Racouchot syndrome 42.79, 45.27 fenbufen 75.74 facial hyperpigmentation 58.12, 58.34–8 with amyloidosis 62.104 favus 36.26, 36.27 fenestrations 3.52 management 73.28 bone and joint involvement 62.104 FDH see focal dermal hypoplasia (FDH) fenofi brate 46.47, 75.31 facial idiopathic granulomas with with urticaria 62.69 FDS (follicular degeneration syndrome) fenoprofen 75.74 regressive evolution see acne vasculitis and 50.53–4 9.7, 66.46, 66.68 fentanyl 26.46 agminata familial melanoma syndrome 54.28, feathers 2.3 fentichlor 26.24 facial lipoatrophy 46.39–40 62.20, 62.21–2 febrile convulsions, in roseola infantum fenticonazole, topical 73.12 HAART-induced 35.22 familial multiple tumour syndromes 33.32 Ferguson–Smith syndrome 69.54 HIV-associated 46.42 15.15–27 febrile ulceronecrotic Mucha–Habermann fermitin, Kindler syndrome 12.17 facial lymphoedema 48.12, 48.13, 48.16, familial partial lipodystrophy (FPLD) disease (FUMHD) 50.50–1 Fernandez reaction 32.15 48.23 46.40–1 feet ferric chloride, tattoos 58.57 management 48.23 familial peeling skin syndromes 19.66–8 aggressive digital papillary ferric sulphate, tattoos 58.57 facial nerve 77.4–5, 77.10 familial polyendocrinopathy syndrome adenocarcinoma 53.33 ferritin 49.6, 59.70 facial oedema, solid 42.74, 48.13, 48.16, 36.58, 36.65 allergic contact dermatitis 26.19, 26.29 ferrous sulphate, in restless legs 48.23 familial polymorphous light eruption atopic dermatitis 8.7 syndrome 63.25 facial palsy, zoster 33.25, 33.26 29.13 atopic winter see juvenile plantar ferulic acid 80.3 facial skin, ageing 8.21–2 family(ies) dermatosis fetal alcohol syndrome facies, in naevoid basal cell carcinoma bad news communication 72.5 burning feet syndrome 63.25 ear anomalies 68.3, 68.4–5 syndrome 52.7 clinical decisions and 72.4 care in diabetes 47.58 haemangioma in 18.2 facioauriculovertebral spectrum 18.82–3, history-taking regarding 5.5 diabetic ulcers 47.57–8, 63.8–9 hypertrichosis in 66.77 68.4 quality of life assessment 64.10, 72.23–4 in dystrophic EB 39.18 fetal development, drug exposure 72.28 factitious skin disease 64.11, 64.34–46 Family Dermatology Life Quality Index erythromelalgia 47.9 fetal hydantoin syndrome, ear anomalies co-morbidity 64.41 72.23 hair as foreign body 28.49 68.3 dermatitis artefacta (dermatitis factitia) FAMMM syndrome (familial atypical hyperhidrosis 44.8 fetal hydrops 33.63 64.35–42, 71.56 multiple mole melanoma localized EB simplex (Weber– fetal varicella syndrome 17.40–1, 18.2, dermatology consultation 64.34–5 syndrome) 54.28 Cockayne EBS) 39.6 18.102

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–24.34; Volume 2, pp. 25.1–44.22; Volume 3, pp. 45.1–62.113; Volume 4, pp. 63.1–80.14 Index 39

α-fetoprotein 47.19, 63.16 fi broblast growth factor (FGF) 3.3, 12.31 cellular 56.16, 56.17 fi re ants 38.14 fetoscopy 16.5–7 hair growth and 66.11 epithelioid 56.16, 56.17–18 fi re jelly 38.56 fetuin A 49.48 mucous membrane pemphigoid malignant 56.22 fi re sponge 38.59 fetus pathogenesis 67.20 myxoid malignant 56.22 fi rjal (endemic syphilis) 30.63 brown fat 46.1 receptors, FGFR-2 mutation 42.71 nail involvement 65.32 fi rst aid, burns 28.75–6 free DNA 16.9–10 wound healing and 14.3, 14.5, 14.27 plexiform 56.20 Fischer syndrome 15.39 infl uence of environment 6.12 fi broblastic rheumatism 51.133, 62.103 fi brous lump 69.20 Fischer–Volavsek syndrome 15.39 medical procedures 17.11–12 interphalangeal joints 51.133 fi brous papule of the face/nose 56.2–3 fi sh melanoma metastases 54.57 fi broblastoma fi brous tumours 56.2–14 colour, patterns and genetics 2.6 rhabdomyoma 18.37 desmoplastic 56.10–11 see also specifi c types as irritants 25.21 RNA 16.9–10 giant cell 56.14–15 fi broxanthoma, atypical 56.20–2, 68.34, pigment cells 2.5–6 sebaceous glands 42.3 fi brocystic disease, of pancreas 59.59 79.18 mutations affecting 2.6 skin biopsy 16.5–7 fi broepithelial polyp fi bulin(s) 3.2, 3.45, 45.14 scales 2.2 testis and testosterone secretion 8.2 oral 69.20 fi bulin-4 3.45 skin infections 2.12 ultrasound 16.7 see also skin tags mutations 3.44 venomous 38.59–60 wound healing 14.2, 14.9 fi broepithelioma of Pinkus 52.48 fi bulin-5 3.45 fi sh odour syndrome 44.20 fetus papyraceus, with aplasia cutis as trichoblastoma variant 53.10 mutations 3.44 fi sh scale collagen (FSC) 2.2 congenita 18.100–1 fi brofolliculoma 53.14–15 fi ddleback spider 38.32 fi shing, occupational hazards 27.19 Feuerstein–Mims syndrome 18.27–30, fi brohistiocytic tumours 56.15–23 ‘fi ddler’s neck’ 28.25, 42.76 fi ssure, defi nition 5.7 54.11 diagnosis 10.22–3 ‘fi eld effect’ fi ssures of Santorini 68.1 fever fi brokeratoma, acquired digital lentigo maligna 54.41 fi stula eczema herpeticum 33.35 (periungual) 56.4, 65.31–2 melanoma 54.36 branchial (cervical) 18.85–6 hyperhidrosis and 44.7 fi brolipoma, neural 18.40 fi evre boutonneuse 30.73 congenital auricular 18.83–4, 68.4 fexofenadine 22.29, 74.31 fi broma(s) fi fth disease (erythema infectiosum) 5.10, defi nition 5.7 in urticaria 22.28 calcifying aponeurotic 56.7 33.62, 33.63 mammary duct 70.13 FFDD (focal facial dermal dysplasia) collagenous 56.10–11 see also parvovirus B19 infection parastomal 62.54 15.40, 15.83–4, 18.103, 45.6, 45.8 female genital dermatology 71.72 FIGURE (facial idiopathic granulomas perianal/perineal 71.83, 71.87, 71.89 FG syndrome-1 15.96 Gardner-associated 56.11 with regressive evolution) 43.13 umbilical 71.100 FGF2 see basic fi broblast growth factor garlic clove 65.31–2 fi laggrin 3.1, 3.8, 3.10, 12.15, 12.50 fi stulectomy 70.13 (bFGF) genetics 15.26 in atopic dermatitis 24.4 fi stulotomy 70.13 FGFR2 gene mutations 42.78 nuchal 56.11 defect, knockout mice 2.8 Fitz–Hugh Curtis syndrome 34.26, 34.30 FGFR3 gene 18.6 oral cavity 69.20 gene mutations 3.8 fi xatives mutations in seborrhoeic keratosis perifollicular 53.14 in stratum corneum 4.2 in perfumes 26.40 52.38 periungual 65.32 fi lariasis in skin biopsy 10.4–5 FGM (female genital mutilation) 71.56–7 pinna 68.28 blinding see onchocerciasis fi xed drug eruptions see drug reactions FH see fi brous histiocytoma pleomorphic 56.3–4 Loa loa 37.11–12, 38.6 (ADRs) (and drug-induced FHL (familial haemophagocytic sclerotic 56.3 lymphatic 37.8–10, 48.12 conditions), fi xed eruptions lymphohistiocytosis) 55.25–6 storiform perineural 56.49 lymphoedema 48.12, 48.24 fi xed effects models 7.9 fi brates 59.93 tendon sheath 56.10 ocular involvement 67.27 FK-506 see tacrolimus (FK506) fi breglass dermatitis 25.17, 27.6, 28.47–8 trichoblastic 53.10–11 vectors 38.5 fl ag sign 66.94 fi brillin(s) 3.2, 3.45 trichogenic 53.10–11 fi liform keratodermas 19.114 fl agellation 28.33 ageing and 80.2 fi broma molluscum 62.2 fi liform keratoses 19.92–3 fl ame fi gures 46.33 lymphatic capillaries 48.4 fi bromatosis 45.44–50 fi lling materials, acne scars 42.69 conditions with 46.33 in Marfan’s syndrome 45.30 bone and joint involvement 62.101 Filobasidiella 36.89 in eosinophilic cellulitis (Well’s fi brillin 1 (FBN1) 3.45 congenital generalized 56.9 fi lopedia, melanosome transfer to syndrome) 46.12, 46.33–4 fi brillin 2 (FBN2) 3.45 deep (non-metastasizing) 45.44 keratinocytes 58.4 in eosinophilic panniculitis 46.12 fi brin 49.38 dermal plaque-like 56.7 fi loviruses 33.3, 33.66, 33.67, 33.68, fl are, in triple response 22.12 cuff 47.26–7, 47.27 hereditary gingival 69.14–15 33.69–70 fl ash burns 28.90 in venous eczema 23.35 inclusion body (digital/infantile fi lter-paper test 27.8 fl ashlamps 78.5 fi brin cuff theory 47.26–7, 47.27 digital) 56.9–10, 65.32 fi nasteride 74.32 in hypertrichosis 78.12–13 fi brinogen 49.38 juvenile hyaline 45.49–50, 69.15 adverse effects 66.25, 70.5, 75.120 in port-wine stains 78.7 in wound healing 14.3 palmar 45.45–6, 56.11 in androgenetic alopecia 66.24–5 in telangiectases 78.8 fi brinoid necrosis/degeneration 10.38, penis 45.47–8, 56.11–12 in hirsutism 66.88 fl at fl ies 38.6 51.1 plantar 45.47, 56.11 fi ne-needle aspiration cytology, ‘fl at seborrhoeic keratosis’ 54.3 fi brinolysin/desoxyribonuclease 14.22 radiation 97.18 melanoma 54.53 fl atworms 37.2, 37.3, 37.20–3 fi brinolysis 47.28 subcutaneous pseudosarcomatous fi ne-needle aspiration of lymph nodes fl autist’s chin 28.26 inhibition 49.45 45.50, 56.4–5, 69.112 5.21 fl aviviruses 33.2, 33.61, 33.66, 33.67, 33.68 fi brinolytic agents, platelet function superfi cial fi ne-tooth comb 38.20 fl avonoid drugs, venous leg ulcers 47.49 disorders 49.13 fascial 45.44–8 fi nger(s) FLCN gene mutations 53.14 fi bro-osseous pseudotumour of the digits palmar and plantar 45.45–6, 45.47, clubbing 15.87–8, 62.35, 65.7–8 fl ea(s) 38.11–13 56.5 56.11 with acanthosis palmaris 62.32 animal 2.9–10, 38.4 fi broblast(s) 3.49–50, 12.30–2 fi bromodulin 45.33 in infl ammatory bowel disease 62.52 control agents 2.10 age-related changes 8.22 fi bromuscular dysplasia, peripheral cold fl exed 51.112 diagnosis of infestation 38.4, 38.11–12 ageing 45.60, 80.1, 80.2 arteries 49.48 congenital onychodysplasia of index hedgehog 2.3 allogeneic human-derived 80.5 fi bronectin 3.2, 49.33 fi ngers 65.20 human (Pulex irritans) 2.10 in chemical-induced scleroderma 45.52 in Ehlers–Danlos syndrome 45.32, digital nerve block 65.42, 77.10 survival 38.4 collagen synthesis 3.49 45.36 fi bro-osseous pseudotumour 56.5 fl ea allergy dermatitis (FAD) 2.10 cultured in sarcoidosis 61.20 myxoma 56.59 Flegel’s disease (hyperkeratosis gene expression patterns 3.49–50 in wound healing 14.1, 14.3, 14.4, 14.7 nails see nail(s) lenticularis perstans) 10.39, transduction by transcription factors fi bronectin-binding proteins 30.7 nicotine staining 62.46 19.89–90 3.50 fi bropapillomas, in cats 2.22 paroxysmal haematoma 28.27, 45.4, Fleisher syndrome 70.2 dermal sheath 66.4 fi brosarcoma 79.18–19 45.5, 49.16 fl esh fl ies 38.8 dermal subsets 3.7 fi brosis tulip 26.16 Flexible Collodion BP 73.2 elastin synthesis 3.44, 3.49 in chronic radiodermatitis 79.16 wrinkling 28.93 Fli-1 10.23, 10.24 in embryonic dermis 3.3 defi nition 5.7 fi nger pebbles 59.79 fl oor layers, occupational hazards 27.19 functions 3.49 oral submucous 69.106–7 fi nger tip unit 73.3, 73.4 fl ora, skin see bacteria, fl ora (normal skin) keloid 3.50, 14.15, 45.54 subcutaneous fat injury leading to fi ngernails fl orid cutaneous papillomatosis 19.93 lipoid proteinosis 3.50 46.11 lichen planus 41.14, 41.15 Florida horse leech 36.92 microscopy 10.35 fi brous dysplasia, McCune–Albright torture injuries 28.33 fl orists, occupational hazards 27.19 MMPs synthesis/secretion 3.41 syndrome 58.18 fi ngerprints 3.3 fl our in palmar fi bromatosis 45.45 fi brous histiocytoma (FH) 56.16–18 Finkelstein’s disease 17.33–4, 49.18–19, as irritant 25.21 pluripotent stem cell induction 3.50 aneurysmal 56.16–17, 56.17, 56.18 50.30 mites in 38.46–7 proteoglycan synthesis 3.46 angiomatoid 56.19–20 Finlay–Marks syndrome 15.52 fl ow cytometry 13.16, 13.19, 13.22, 13.23, in wound healing 14.1, 14.7–8 atrophic 56.16 Finn chamber 26.85, 26.86 17.56 fi broblast-derived matrix molecules 12.30 atypical 56.16, 56.17 fi r 26.81 fl ower cells 33.64, 33.65 40 Index

fl ucloxacillin 30.19–20, 75.49 fl uvoxamine 64.20, 64.23–4, 64.28, 64.50 eosinophilic, in HIV infection 35.18–19 foregut carcinoid tumours 43.18 fl uconazole 74.47 foam cells 46.11 eosinophilic pustular 17.10, 30.28–9 forehead adverse effects 75.64 foam dressings 14.24 Gram-negative 30.49, 42.84 sebaceous glands 42.1 in candidiasis 36.68, 36.69 foam sclerosant 47.39 acne and 42.74 swelling (metophyma) 43.9 in coccidioidomycosis 36.86 focal acantholytic dyskeratosis 69.26 isotretinoin treatment 42.62 foreign bodies 28.39–52 in dermatophytoses 36.48, 36.49 focal acral hyperkeratosis, race and 9.10 Propionibacterium acnes antibiotic aetiology 28.40, 28.41 eccrine gland secretion 44.18 focal dermal hypoplasia (FDH) 15.39, resistance 42.56 clinical features 28.42 in ectodermal dysplasias 15.70 15.84–6 in HIV infection 35.24 defi nition 28.39–40 failure to respond to 36.50–1 bone and joint involvement 62.100 isotretinoin 42.62, 42.84, 74.34 diagnostic tools 28.42 in histoplasmosis 36.83 oral involvement 69.33–4 Malassezia (seborrhoeic/pityrosporal) ear 68.11 fl ucytosine focal epithelial hyperplasia 33.47, 23.34, 36.13 male genital dermatology 71.14 adverse effects 75.64 69.111–12 mechanical injury 28.29 penetration injury 28.40, 28.49–52 in candidiasis 36.68 focal facial dermal dysplasia (FFDD) necrotizing crystalline infundibular reactions and complications 28.43–52 in chromoblastomycosis 36.76 15.40, 15.83–4, 18.103, 45.6, 45.8 19.89 sarcoidal reactions to 61.22 in cryptococcosis 36.90–1 focal keratoderma with oral oil 27.14, 27.16 in sarcoidosis 61.3–4 fl udarabine 13.24 leukokeratosis 19.103 perforating see perforating collagenosis treatment 28.42–3 in paraneoplastic pemphigus 40.23 focal palmoplantar and oral (folliculitis) in wounds 14.17 fl udroxycortide (fl urandrenolone) 73.20 hyperkeratosis syndrome 69.25 perianal/perineal 71.91 foreign-body granulomas, localization to fl uence (energy) 29.1 focal palmoplantar keratodermas 19.3, Pityrosporum, acne vs 42.37 tattoos 58.58 fl uid balance monitoring, burns 28.83–4 19.94, 19.95, 19.102–5 pruritic of pregnancy 8.15 foreign-body reaction 61.5 fl uid resuscitation, burns 28.77–8, 28.80–4 fogo selvagem (wild fi re) 40.13, 40.17–18 in scabies 38.39 to lipids 61.22 fl ukes 37.2, 37.3, 37.20–3 see also pemphigus foliaceus scalp 42.74 forelock, white 66.93 fl uocinonide 73.37 folate see folic acid staphylococcal 67.6, 67.11 foreskin 71.9, 71.12–13 fl uorescein 10.12, 47.26, 75.155 foliate papillitis 69.107 Staphylococcus epidermidis 42.36 circumcision 71.13, 71.20, 71.24, 71.39 fl uorescence micro-lymphangiography folic acid 59.63 superfi cial 30.21–2 Forest Plot 7.9 48.19 defi ciency 62.85, 69.56, 69.85–6, 69.116, trunk 30.27 forestry, occupational hazards 38.2 fl uorescent treponemal antibody 69.117 tufted 42.74, 66.46–7 formaldehyde absorption (FTA-ABS) test 34.20, pigmentation changes 58.27 folliculitis decalvans 30.25, 42.74, acetylacetone test 26.50, 26.99 51.52 supplementation in methotrexate 66.46–7 adverse effects 26.46, 75.164 fl uoride therapy 74.22–3 acne conglobata with 42.82 as allergen 26.49–51 tooth discoloration and 69.8 folie à deux 64.15, 64.36 treatment 42.74 as antiseptic 73.14 toxicity 75.162 follicle centre primary B-cell lymphoma folliculitis keloidalis 9.9, 30.26 avoidance 26.50 fl uorochrome dyes 10.12 57.45–6 folliculitis ulerythematosa reticulata chromotropic acid test 26.50 fl uoroquinolones 32.17, 74.41 follicle mites see Demodex 66.51 in clothes 26.65, 26.67 5-fl uorouracil (5-FU) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) 8.4 folliculocentric keratotic disorders 19.72– in hyperhidrosis 73.9 in actinic keratosis 52.31 in adolescence 8.4 6, 19.84 as irritant 25.21 adverse effects 26.46, 75.129 in menopause 8.19 folliculosebaceous-apocrine tumours in leather tanning 26.68 pellagra 59.63 in menstrual cycle 8.8 53.30–2 lutidine test 27.8 in Bowen’s disease 52.34 in polycystic ovary syndrome 66.82 Folling’s disease see phenylketonuria nail hardeners 65.56 intralesional 77.49 follicle unit 12.63 (PKU) onycholysis due to 65.28 wart treatment 33.49 follicles, hair see hair follicle(s) follow-up studies 26.2 patch testing 26.50 in non-melanoma skin cancer 52.17–18 follicular atrophoderma, basal cell fondaparinux 49.27 releasers 26.49, 26.50, 26.51–3 squamous cell carcinoma 52.28 carcinoma and 52.8–9 Fong syndrome 15.8, 15.86–7 resins 26.49, 26.65, 26.68, 26.69, in systemic sclerosis 51.108 follicular carcinoma 53.32 Fonsecaea 36.75 26.73–4 topical 73.23 follicular casts 42.22 Fonsecaea compacta 36.75 sources 26.50 photocarcinogenesis control 29.7 follicular degeneration syndrome 9.7, Fonsecaea pedrosoi 36.75, 36.76 formaldehyde solution BP 73.9 wart treatment 33.49 66.46, 66.68 food formalin 26.49 in xeroderma pigmentosum 15.74 follicular dendritic cell(s) 13.9 consumption, obesity and 46.6 as fi xative 10.4, 10.6 fl uoxetine 64.20, 64.28, 64.50, 74.52, 75.79 follicular dendritic cell sarcoma 55.31 contact cheilitis due to 69.120 pigment artefact 10.31 adverse effects, hyperhidrosis 44.7 follicular ichthyosis 19.73 fl ushing associated 43.16 soaks 44.11 fl upentixol 64.52 ichthyosis follicularis with alopecia and in carcinoid syndrome 43.19 wart treatment 33.49 fl ushing 8.20, 43.14–17 photophobia 19.58–9, 19.60 histamine/histamine-releasing see also formaldehyde alcohol intake associated 43.16 follicular infundibulum substances in 22.8 Formicidae (ants) 38.14 carcinoid syndrome 43.14, 43.17–18, comedo naevus 53.4 urticarial reactions to 22.8, 22.10–11, Forschheimer’s sign 33.70 43.19 expanded, dilated pore 53.3 26.105 foscarnet 74.50, 75.67 causes 43.15, 43.16 trichoadenoma 53.3–4 food additives genital ulceration in HIV-infected chlorpropamide–alcohol 43.16 tumour 53.3 adverse effects 75.158–60 patients and 71.27 drug-induced 43.15–16 follicular keratosis allergy to 26.17, 26.22 for herpes simplex 33.21 dry (without sweating) 43.14 inverted 53.2–3 challenge testing 22.26 foundry work, occupational hazards emotionally triggered 43.15 scarring 66.50–1 chronic urticaria due to 22.10–11 27.19 food associated 43.16 follicular mucinosis 57.14, 59.26 contact urticaria due to 22.20 four-hoof disease 26.21 in carcinoid syndrome 43.18, 43.19 immunophenotype 57.14 oral provocation tests 5.25 4p-syndrome 18.2, 18.103 gustatory 43.16 T-cell lymphomas 57.14 pigmented purpuric dermatoses due to Fournier’s gangrene 71.30–1, 71.95 management 43.6 urticaria-like 59.28 49.23 foreign bodies 28.51 nicotinic acid 73.51 follicular occlusion triad/tetrad 30.79, pseudoallergic reactions to 22.10 in HIV infection 35.25 in mastocytosis 22.32, 22.35 42.33, 42.74 St John’s challenge test 22.11 foveal hypoplasia 58.40 mediators and pathogenesis 43.2 follicular units 66.3 food allergy Fowler’s solution 52.4 menopausal 8.20, 43.15 folliculitis 30.21–30, 59.80 atopic dermatitis and 24.23, 24.30–1 Fox–Fordyce disease 44.21–2, 70.17 neurally activated 43.14 acneiform oil 42.34 tests for 5.25 in adolescence 8.7 paraneoplastic 62.43–4 actinic 30.27–8 food diary, in urticaria 22.26 in pregnancy 8.10 persistent 43.16 agminate 36.27 food industry, occupational hazards treatment 73.36 physiological 43.15 Candida 42.36 27.19 FOXC2 48.2 premenstrual 8.8 causes 25.2 food mites 38.46–7 FOXC2 gene 47.37, 47.41, 62.77 pyoderma faciale 42.84 chronic, of legs 30.22 food preservatives 75.159 mutation 48.9, 48.10 in rosacea 43.1, 43.2, 43.3 chronic verrucous, in VZV infection foot see feet Fox–Fordyce disease 71.72 scombroid fi sh poisoning 43.16 35.28 foot and mouth disease 33.74 FOXP-1 10.26 unilateral gustatory 43.16 Demodex footwear Fox’s sign 62.65 wet (with sweating) 43.14 acne vs 42.36–7 allergens in 26.63, 26.68–9 fractalkine 13.9 fl uspirilene 75.82 rosacea vs 43.5 nail trauma from 65.51, 65.52, 65.53–4 fractional photothermolysis 80.11–12 fl utamide 74.32 in dermatophytosis 36.22 ‘vegetarian’ 26.69 striae 45.6 in acne 42.16, 42.54 differential diagnosis, acne vs 42.36–7 Forcipomyia 38.6 fraena 69.6 adverse effects 42.54, 75.31, 75.134 dissecting Fordyce spots 42.1, 42.86, 45.21, 69.2, fragile X syndrome 68.4 in androgenetic alopecia 66.26 acne and 42.33 69.5, 69.22–3 genetics 15.14 in hirsutism 66.89 scalp see perifolliculitis capitis Fordyce’s condition 71.11 fragility disorders, skin see epidermolysis fl uticasone 73.16 abscedens et suffodiens isotretinoin treatment 42.62 bullosa (EB)

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–24.34; Volume 2, pp. 25.1–44.22; Volume 3, pp. 45.1–62.113; Volume 4, pp. 63.1–80.14 Index 41

fragrance(s) fumaric acid, in psoriasis 20.40, 74.29 fusidic acid 26.46, 74.43 gap junction protein defects, ectodermal as allergens 26.40–3, 27.2 fumaric acid esters adverse effects 73.10, 75.59 dysplasias 15.67–70 in cosmetics 26.47 dose range and evidence level 74.29 in impetigo 30.16 gap junctions 3.24 see also perfumes fl ushing associated 43.15 ophthalmic, in rosacea 43.7 functions 3.24 Fragrance mix I 26.42 in psoriasis 74.29 resistance to 30.9 gene mutations 3.24 Fragrance mix II 26.42 in sarcoidosis 61.21 topical, indications 73.10 structure 3.24 framboesia see yaws fumarylacetoacetic hydroxylase (FAH), Fusidium coccineum, fusidic acid from GAPO syndrome 15.41, 69.12 framycetin 26.17, 26.45, 26.46, 68.24 defi ciencies 59.97 73.10 gardeners, occupational hazards 5.6, topical 73.10 FUMHD (febrile ulceronecrotic Mucha– fusiform cells, in basal cell carcinoma 27.19 Franceschetti–Klein syndrome 18.80–1, Habermann disease) 50.50–1 52.21 Gardner–Diamond syndrome 49.16, 68.4 functional mosaicism 15.6 fusion inhibitors (HIV), side-effects 35.21 50.54, 64.33–4 Francisella tularensis 30.53–4 functions of skin 3.2–3, 4.1–11 Fusobacterium 30.60, 69.77 Gardnerella vaginalis, vaginal discharge François dyscephalic syndrome 15.41 fungal infections 36.1–93 in tropical ulcer 30.60 71.53 François’ syndrome 15.96 in animals 2.12–13 Futcher’s lines 5.17, 9.2, 9.3 Gardner’s syndrome 46.44, 62.57 Franklin’s disease 69.114 collection of material 36.5–7 FVS (fetal varicella syndrome) 17.40–1, bone and joint involvement 62.100 Frank’s sign 68.6 ear 36.7–8, 36.17, 68.20, 68.21, 68.27–8 18.2, 18.102 cysts in 52.45 freckles 54.1–2, 54.10, 58.1, 58.10–11 investigation 36.6 epidermoid cysts in 52.45 axillary 15.16, 15.17, 15.21 endemic 36.80 fi broma in 56.11 in neurofi bromatosis 58.23 female genital dermatology 71.68–9 G genetics 15.25–6 comparison with related disorders glossary 36.93 G-CSF see granulocyte colony-stimulating oral involvement 69.39 54.2, 54.4 in HIV infection 35.32–5, 35.45 factor (G-CSF) garlic fl exural 62.23 laboratory investigation 36.5–10, 36.69– G-proteins 62.99 allergic contact dermatitis due to 26.16, inherited and acquired disorders with 70, 36.80 α-subunit, McCune–Albright syndrome 26.22, 26.77 58.11 lips 69.121 58.18 as irritant 25.21 laser therapy 78.10 lymphoedema and 48.15, 48.22 G syndrome 69.37 as photoallergen 26.24 in Peutz–Jeghers syndrome 58.13 male genitalia 71.32, 71.48 gabapentin garlic clove fi broma 65.31–2 skin biopsy 10.42 nails see onychomycosis adverse effects 75.86 gas exchange, neonatal 17.2 free fatty acids neonatal 17.46–8 in brachioradial pruritus 63.24 gas gangrene 30.43–4 production by skin fl ora 30.4, 30.5 nomenclature 36.5 in complex regional pain syndrome non-clostridial 59.78 in sebum 42.5, 42.7, 42.22 opportunistic 36.80 63.21 Gasterophilus 37.16, 38.9, 38.10 in acne 42.22, 42.23 oral cavity 69.79–80, 69.118 in erythromelalgia 47.10 gastric banding, vertical 46.8 free radical(s) otitis externa 68.21 in post-herpetic neuralgia 63.7 gastric carcinoid tumours 43.18 scavengers 47.11 perianal/perineal 71.92 in pruritus 21.8, 21.17, 21.18 gastrinoma 62.67–8 UV-induced damage and 8.21 race and 9.12 in restless legs syndrome 63.25 gastrointestinal tract (GIT) freeze-induced injury 28.64 sarcoidal reaction in 61.22 in zoster and post-herpetic neuralgia bleeding 62.55–6 freezing, of tissue see cryotherapy sarcoidosis and 61.3, 61.17 33.28 Candida albicans carriage 36.56, 36.58 Frei intradermal test 34.33 skin barrier function and 4.5 GABEB (generalized atrophic benign cutaneous markers of disorders frei jorge 26.80 skin biopsy 10.42 epidermolysis bullosa) 3.36–7, 62.47–58 Frei test 5.24 subcutaneous 36.69–79 39.13, 66.52 decompression due to burns injury freijo 26.80 superfi cial and cutaneous 36.5–69 gadolinium 75.151 28.78 French paradox 47.2 systemic 36.79–92, 62.80 gadolinium-based contrast agents, in Degos’ disease 49.46 frequency of skin disease 6.11–13, 6.18 vasculitis and 50.55 nephrogenic systemic fi brosis disorders 62.47–58 Freund’s complete adjuvant test 26.12 venous leg ulcers and 47.44 (NSF) 51.82 see also specifi c disorders and anatomical Frey’s syndrome 44.10, 44.11, 63.22 vessel-invasive 49.35–6 GAGs see glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) structures friction see also specifi c fungal infections galactorrhoea, black 70.6 drug interactions in 75.10 dermatitis and 25.17 fungi 36.1–5 galactosidase A, defi ciencies 59.36 in hereditary angio-oedema 22.21 napkin dermatitis and 17.23 classifi cation 36.2–4 galactosyltransferase 3.38 Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis (LCH) purpura and 49.5 culture 36.7–9 galanin 63.3 55.11 reaction to 27.6 dematiaceous 36.4, 36.70 gallamine 75.153 malignancies friction injury 28.9–16 dikaryotic 36.3–4 gallates 73.8 carcinoid syndrome associated amputees 28.28 dimorphic 36.2, 36.80 GALT (gut-associated lymphoid tissue) 43.18 black heel and palm 28.16, 28.31 direct examination 36.7 69.3 Muir–Torre syndrome and 53.15 blisters 28.2, 28.9, 28.12–13, 28.28, glossary 36.93 gamma benzene hexachloride see lindane malignant histiocytosis 55.32 28.30–1 heterothallic 36.2 gamma/delta (provisional entity) T-cell oral manifestations of disease 69.116 callosities, corns and calluses 28.2, homothallic 36.2 lymphomas 57.36 polyps 62.56–8 28.10–12 keratinophilic 36.18, 36.19 gammopathy, benign monoclonal 49.13 in rosacea 43.2 dermatitis 28.13–14 moniliaceous 36.4 ganciclovir in SLE 51.44–5 miscellaneous dermatoses 28.15–16 nomenclature 36.4–5 action 74.49 Staphylococcus aureus carriage 30.7 pressure ulcers 28.17, 28.21 normal skin fl ora 36.10, 36.13, 36.56 herpes B virus infection 33.35 tumours frictional dermatitis of children 28.14 polymorphism 36.4, 36.56 gangrene genetics 15.23 frictional melanosis 28.15 reproduction 36.2 bacterial synergistic 47.57 see also specifi c types frictional sweat dermatitis 28.14 sampling 36.5–7 causes 47.5 in urticarial vasculitis 22.19 frictional ulcers 33.18 staining 10.8, 10.9, 10.10, 36.7, 36.70 clostridial 30.68 gastrostomy, in severe generalized fried tooth and nail syndrome 15.40 see also moulds; specifi c fungi cold-induced injury 28.64 dystrophic EB 39.29 Friedewald formula, standard lipid funisitis, congenital syphilis 34.15 cutaneous, varicella complication gastrula 3.3 profi le, LDL cholesterol 59.84 funnel anus 71.85 33.25 Gaucher cells 59.39 frit fl ies 38.6 funnel-web spiders 38.31 defi nition 5.7 Gaucher’s disease 19.60, 59.39 Frizzled5 3.21 furaltadone 26.46 female genital region 71.67 acute infantile 58.24 frontal emissary vein 77.2 furfuraceous scale 5.7 foreign bodies 28.51 bone and joint involvement 62.100, frontalis muscle 77.4 N6-furfuryladenine 80.3 Fournier’s 30.68, 30.69 62.105 frontonasal dysplasia and dilated furocoumarins, phytophotodermatitis gas 30.43–4 pigmentation 58.24 Virchow–Robin spaces 15.52 58.32 non-clostridial 59.78 gel electrophoresis 57.12–13 frostbite 28.63–4 furosemide 17.12, 75.31, 75.97 ischaemic foot 47.2 gelatinase(s) 3.41, 12.52, 14.11 ear 68.8, 68.10 furuncle 30.23–4 male genital region 71.15, 71.30–1 ageing and 80.2 fruit acids, in actinic elastosis 45.27 furuncular myiasis 38.8, 38.9 management 47.6 granules 13.4 Frullania 26.77 furunculosis 30.23–4 in mixed connective tissue diseases gelatine matrix implant, acne scar frusemide (furosemide) 17.12, 75.31, 75.97 ear 68.19, 68.27 51.111 treatment 42.69 FSH see follicle-stimulating hormone perianal/perineal dermatology 71.91 perianal/perineal region 71.93, 71.95 gels, topical therapy 73.2 (FSH) Fusarium in peripheral arterial disease 47.2, 47.5 gelsolin amyloidosis (AGel) 59.57 FTA-ABS DS test 34.20 cutaneous lesions 36.92, 49.35, 49.36 progressive bacterial synergistic gemcitabine 75.129 FTA-ABS test 34.20, 34.21 differential diagnosis 36.31 30.68–9 gemfi brozil 75.156 fucosidosis 59.33–4 identifi cation 36.8 spontaneous 71.100 GEMSS syndrome 45.53, 51.79 sweat gland cellular inclusions in 44.18 in mycetoma 36.73 ulcerative colitis and 62.51 gender fugitive swellings 37.11–12, 38.6 superfi cial white onychomycosis and umbilical dermatology 71.100 allergic contact dermatitis and 26.7–8 fumarate hydratase (FH) gene 2.17 36.55 venous limb 49.28 bacterial skin fl ora and 30.3–4 42 Index

body dysmorphic disorder and 64.18, drug reactions 76.10–11 neurofi bromatosis 15.2, 15.6, 15.14, gentamicin 26.17, 26.45, 26.46, 30.9, 68.24, 64.19 harlequin ichthyosis 11.13 15.15–21 74.42, 75.58 effect on normal bacterial skin fl ora Henoch–Schönlein purpura 50.11 Noonan’s syndrome 15.14–15, 15.20–1 topical therapy 73.10 30.3–4 immunodefi ciency disorders 17.51 nosology in skin disease 15.2, 15.3–4 gentian violet 10.10, 25.12, 25.21 irritant contact dermatitis and 25.7 irritant contact dermatitis 25.6 nucleotide excision repair 15.71–2, accidental tattoos 58.57 mechanical skin properties and 28.7 Kawasaki disease 50.11 15.75–6 topical therapy 73.48 psychocutaneous skin disease and leprosy 32.2 online databases 15.1 geographic factors 6.12 64.25, 64.29, 64.35 lichen planus 41.2 pachydermoperiostosis 15.87, 15.88–9 in diagnosis 5.5 risk factor for skin disease 6.12 malignant disease 11.17–19 poikilodermatous syndromes 15.78–83 geographical tongue see tongue, gene(s) 11.1 malignant melanoma 11.18 polymorphisms 15.6, 15.7 geographical cancer ‘modifi ed’ 52.13 mastocytosis 22.30, 22.31 principles of medical genetics 15.2–8 geotrichosis 69.80 cancer susceptibility modifying pigmentation variations 58.9–10 Rothmund–Thomson syndrome 15.51, gerbils 2.9 52.10–11 pseudoxanthoma elasticum 45.21 15.80–2 gerodermia (geroderma) osteodysplastica candidate 11.11–14 sarcoidosis 61.3 Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome 15.92–3 45.15, 45.60–1 acne vulgaris 42.19 squamous cell carcinoma 11.18 sex-linked genes 15.4, 15.12–14 gestational pemphigoid see pemphigoid disease-causing, identifi cation 11.11–14 urticaria 22.3 tuberous sclerosis complex 15.6, gestationis expression 11.2–3 vasculitis 50.11–12 15.21–5 gestrinone 75.119 mapping 11.12 Wegener’s granulomatosis 50.11 twin spotting 15.7 GF see granuloma faciale microarrays 11.7–8, 11.9 see also genetics two-hit progression to tumour GH see growth hormone (GH) mismatch repair 11.18 genetic imprinting 24.5 formation 15.5–6 Ghon focus 31.8 mutation, transfection 11.10 genetic instability 52.12 uniparental disomy 15.7 Gianotti-type perioral dermatitis mutator 52.12 genetic linkage 11.11–14 van der Woude syndrome 15.93–4 (granulomatous perioral oncogenes 11.17–18 genetic mosaicism see mosaicism Werner’s syndrome 15.77 dermatitis) 43.12, 43.13 positional cloning 11.1, 11.12 genetic stability, genetic factors affecting xeroderma pigmentosum 15.5, 15.70–5 Gianotti–Crosti-like syndrome 33.77–8 promoter region 11.3 52.12 see also genetic factors coxsackievirus infections and 33.72 reporter 11.10 genetics 15.1–97 genital chancre 34.6–7 diagnosis and treatment 33.78 sexual development 8.2 acrokeratotic poikiloderma of Weary genital dermatology hepatitis A and 33.74 stable transfection 11.10 15.82 female see female genital dermatology non-viral causes 33.77 studies of expression and function analysis of inherited disorders 15.7 male see male genital dermatology pathology and clinical features 33.77–8 11.9–11 autosomal genes 15.4, 15.10–12 genital herpes see herpes simplex, genital viral causes 33.77 transcription 11.2–3 Bazex–Dupré–Christol syndrome 15.83 infections Gianotti–Crosti syndrome transient transfection 11.9–10 Bloom’s syndrome 15.76–7 genital lentiginosis 54.6–7 EBV infection and 33.31, 33.77 translation 11.3 cartilage–hair hypoplasia syndrome genital lymphangiectasia 48.28 HBV infection and 33.61, 33.77, 62.59, tumour-suppressor 11.17–18 15.32, 15.93 genital lymphoedema 30.70, 48.12, 48.16 62.64 gene therapy 11.20–2 chromosomal abnormalities 15.2, management 48.23 giant cell(s) angiogenesis using 47.6 15.9–14 genital mucosa, verrucous carcinoma foreign-body, in rosacea 43.4 in epidermolysis bullosa 39.31 CINCA syndrome 15.95–6 52.26 herpes simplex 33.16 gene tracking 15.7 clubbing of fi ngers and toes 15.87–8 genital mutilation 71.15 in juvenile xanthogranuloma 55.15 general anaesthesia 75.153, 77.11 Cockayne’s syndrome 15.75–6 female 71.56–7 microscopy 10.34–5 general anaesthetic agents 75.153 congenital scalp defects with distal genital papular acantholytic dyskeratosis multinucleate see multinucleate giant skin testing for reactions to 75.172 limb anomalies 15.96 71.81 cells General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) contiguous gene syndromes 15.6 genital warts see wart(s), anogenital in necrobiotic xanthogranuloma 55.28 42.35 Cornelia de Lange syndrome 15.92 genitalia septal panniculitis 46.12 General Household Survey, UK 6.5 Cowden’s disease 15.26–7 acute ulceration 71.65–6 giant cell angioblastoma 56.32 general practitioners (GPs) 6.14–15 craniosynostoses 15.90–2 in Behçet’s disease 50.58–9 giant cell arteritis 50.43–4, 61.17 with special interest in dermatology cutis verticis gyrata 15.89 Bowenoid papulosis of 52.37 granuloma annulare and 60.9 72.2 dermo-chondro-corneal dystrophy female oral involvement 69.81–2, 69.117 generalized atrophic benign 15.96 atrophy, in menopause 8.19 giant cell tumour, tendon sheath 56.15– epidermolysis bullosa (GABEB) DNA instability 15.70–7 structure and function 71.54–6 16, 65.36 3.36–7, 39.13, 66.52 Dowling–Degos disease 15.94–5 see also female genital dermatology giant condyloma generalized eruptive keratoacanthoma drug responses 72.29–30 male see male genital dermatology female genital dermatology 71.76–7 52.44 dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria melanoma 54.47 male genital dermatology 71.44–6 generalized folded skin 18.36, 18.40, 15.95 pyoderma gangrenosum 50.70 perianal/perineal dermatology 71.95 18.107 dyschromatosis universalis hereditaria scabies 38.39 giant condyloma acuminatum 52.26 generalized idiopathic ischaemic 15.95 sebaceous glands 42.1 giant hogweed 26.16 dermatopathy (GIID), in dogs dyskeratosis congenita 15.36–7, warts see wart(s), anogenital giant porokeratoses 19.91 2.15 15.78–80 genitocrural dermatology 71.4–8 giant rhinophyma, with symmetrical generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) ectodermal dysplasias 15.27–70 candidosis 71.5, 71.6 lipomatosis 46.46 20.48–50 familial cold autoinfl ammatory dermatitis 71.5 giant trichoblastoma 53.10 acute (von Zumbusch) 20.49–50 syndrome 15.95–6 erythrasma 71.6 gigantism 62.2 calcipotriol treatment 73.45 familial multiple tumour syndromes general approaches 71.1–4 Gigantobilharzia 37.22 localized forms 20.52 15.15–27 infections 71.6–7 gigantomastia 70.3 in pregnancy 20.50–1 FG syndrome-1 15.96 infl ammatory dermatoses 71.4–6 Gilchrist’s disease see blastomycosis genetic counselling 15.9, 15.18, 15.24, 16.1 focal dermal hypoplasia syndrome intertrigo 71.4–5, 71.7 gingivae 69.2 congenital naevi 54.13 15.39, 15.84–6 tinea cruris 71.6–7 bleeding 69.12 Ehlers–Danlos syndrome 45.37 focal facial dermal dysplasia 15.40, genitogingival syndrome 71.23 blisters 69.14 familial melanoma 54.34 15.83–4 genitoperineal raphe, congenital sinuses erythema 69.13 Peutz–Jeghers syndrome 58.13 Gardner’s syndrome 15.25–6 and cysts 18.94–5 examination 69.6 genetic diseases genetic counselling see genetic genitourinary tract, in dystrophic EB 39.29 haemangioma 69.13 blistering disorders 39.1–37 counselling genodermatoses 15.1 hyperplasia 69.12–13 see also epidermolysis bullosa (EB); genodermatoses 15.1, 15.2, 15.3–4 associated with internal malignancy drug-induced 69.21, 75.47 Hailey–Hailey disease genomic imprinting 15.6 62.19–29 in hypoplasminogenaemia 69.15 cancer as 52.12 heterogeneity 15.5 bony changes in 62.99 infl ammation see gingivitis connective tissue diseases 51.79 high-throughput analysis 15.6 inheritance patterns 15.2, 15.3–4 in juvenile hyaline fi bromatosis 69.15 obesity in, cutaneous features 8.18 histocompatibility antigens 15.8–9 prenatal diagnosis 16.1–11 in Noonan’s syndrome 15.14 see also specifi c genetic diseases human genome organization 15.4 synophrys 67.3 pigmentation 69.13 genetic factors 6.12 inheritance patterns 15.2, 15.3–4 genome-wide screens, high-throughput in scurvy 69.21 acne vulgaris 42.18–19 Kindler’s syndrome 15.82–3 genetic analysis 15.6 telangiectases 69.13 adverse drug reactions 75.12–13 lines of Blaschko 15.6, 15.7 GenoMEL 54.33, 54.34 ulcers 69.14 albinism 66.94 linkage disequilibrium 15.7–8 genomic hybridization, comparative white patches 69.13 alopecia areata 66.31 lyonization 15.6 (CGH) 57.20 gingival crevice 69.2, 69.3 androgenetic alopecia 66.18–19 mosaicism 15.6, 15.11 genomic imprinting 15.6 gingival cysts of the newborn 17.5, 69.17 atopic dermatitis 24.3–4 Muckle–Wells syndrome 15.95–6 genomics 11.7–8, 11.9 gingival fi bromatosis 15.27 basal cell carcinoma 11.18 mutations and disease 15.5, 15.6 genophotodermatoses, investigations hereditary 69.14–15 developmental defects 18.2–3 nail–patella syndrome 15.8, 15.86–7 29.24 hypertrichosis and 15.40

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–24.34; Volume 2, pp. 25.1–44.22; Volume 3, pp. 45.1–62.113; Volume 4, pp. 63.1–80.14 Index 43

gingival fi bromatosis–sparse hair– solitary plaque-like telangiectatic postassembly modifi cation 3.45–6 gorilla, lice 38.15 malposition of teeth 15.40 glomangioma 47.20 structure and synthesis 3.45–6 Gorlin–Chaudhry–Moss syndrome 15.40 gingivitis 69.12 glomuvenous malformation 18.73–4 glycosylation Gorlin’s syndrome see naevoid basal cell acute ulcerative (necrotizing) 69.14, Glossinidae (tsetse fl ies) 37.2, 37.29, 38.6 blood vessels, ageing and 8.21 carcinoma syndrome 69.77–8 glossitis 69.22 collagen 3.38 Gottron’s papules, dermatomyositis allergic 26.21, 26.41 benign migratory see tongue, glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) 51.123–4 chronic 69.17 geographical anchor 49.30 Gottron’s syndrome (progressive desquamative 69.13, 69.19, 69.67, 69.106 defi ciency 69.85–6 Glycyphagidae 38.47 symmetrical plasma cell 69.13 median rhomboid 36.61, 69.88, Glycyphagus 38.47 erythrokeratoderma) 19.70–1, in pregnancy 8.11, 69.20–1 69.105–6 glycyrrhetinic acid 73.49 45.58, 45.59–60 gingivostomatitis tertiary syphilis 34.14 glyoxal 26.58 Gougerot–Carteaud syndrome 19.121–2 allergic (atypical/plasma-cell) 69.19 glossodynia/glossopyrosis 26.20, 26.39, glypican family of proteoglycans 3.45 Gougerot–Houwer–Sjögren syndrome herpetic 33.16 62.85, 69.86–7 GM-CSF see granulocyte–macrophage 51.134 white folded 35.43, 69.23–4 gloves colony-stimulating factor see also Sjögren’s syndrome Ginkgo biloba 26.22, 26.75, 75.162 in hand eczema 23.21–2 Gnaphosidae 38.32 gout 59.101, 62.101, 62.105 GIT see gastrointestinal tract (GIT) latex 26.105 gnathophyma 43.9, 43.10 lobular panniculitis 46.17 glabrous skin 3.3 protective 5.3, 5.4, 25.25, 26.72–3 Gnathostoma 37.16, 37.18–19 sarcoidosis and 61.18 Merkel cells 3.16 recommended materials 25.24 gnathostomiasis 37.18–19 sweating and 44.7 glanders 30.51 rubber 26.63 goblet cells see also tophi, gouty glands glucagonoma syndrome see necrolytic eyelids 67.2 GPP (generalized pustular psoriasis), apocrine 44.1, 44.2 migratory erythema loss, Stevens–Johnson syndrome 67.21 calcipotriol treatment 73.45 in mammals 2.4 glucan, adverse effect in HIV infection Goeckerman regimen 73.42 GPR54 receptor 8.4 atricial 2.4 35.21 gold, metallic, contact allergy 26.26, GPs (general practitioners) 6.14–15 eccrine 44.1, 44.2 β-glucans 36.1 26.38–9, 68.7–8 with special interest in dermatology evolution 2.4 glucocorticoid receptor alpha (GRα) gold therapy 74.29–30 72.2 in mammals 2.4 73.16–17 adverse effects 75.100–1 graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) 17.53, epitrichial 2.4 glucocorticoid receptor beta (GRβ) 73.17 chrysiasis 58.54–5, 75.33, 75.100 51.83–6, 62.96–9 evolution 2.1, 2.4–5 glucocorticoid response elements (GREs) erythroderma 23.47 acute 51.83–6, 62.96–7, 67.22 ‘generation’ 2.4 73.17 eyelid pigmentation 67.5 autoantibodies to Merkel cells 3.16 holocrine 44.1 glucocorticoids see corticosteroids fl ushing 43.15 chronic 51.83–6, 62.97, 62.98, 67.22 merocrine 2.4, 44.1 glucose lichenoid eruptions 41.24 hypermelanosis after 58.31 sebaceous, in mammals 2.4 intolerance 8.28 oral pigmentation 69.97 clinical features 51.84–5 specialized 44.1–2 in sweat 44.6 pityriasis rosea 75.24 cutaneous histological changes grading uropygial (preen), in birds 2.4 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase dose range and evidence level 74.30 51.83 see also specifi c types 73.30 Goldenhar syndrome 18.82–3, 68.4 following blood transfusion 75.154 glands of Montgomery 70.1 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Golgi zones, sebaceous cells 42.3 hyperacute 62.96 glandular fever see infectious defi ciency 74.39 golimumab 74.5 incidence and aetiology 51.83 mononucleosis treatment for linear IgA disease 40.50 psoriasis 74.5 localized morphoea and 51.65 Glasgow seven-point check-list, glucose transporter receptor 4 (GLUT-4) Goltz syndrome see focal dermal materno-fetal 17.59 melanoma 54.37 46.2 hypoplasia (FDH) ocular involvement 67.22 glassy membrane 66.7 glue, application to skin 64.38, 64.39 Goltz–Gorlin syndrome see focal dermal oral involvement 69.83 glatiramer acetate 50.83–4, 75.155 glutaraldehyde hypoplasia (FDH) pathology 51.83–4 lobular panniculitis at injection site as allergen 26.58 Golubatz fl y 38.5 prognosis 51.85 46.14 as antiseptics 73.14 Gomm–Button disease see Sweet’s treatment 62.97–8 glaucoma in epidermolysis bullosa simplex syndrome graft-versus-leukaemia reaction 62.96 adverse effects of treatment 26.46 39.31 Gomori’s silver impregnation technique grafts, tattoo removal 58.59 corticosteroid-induced 67.15, 67.16, in hyperhidrosis 44.11, 73.9 10.9 Graham–Little–Piccardi–Lassueur 67.31, 73.19 wart treatment 33.48–9 gonadal mosaicism 15.6 syndrome 41.11, 66.42–3 earlobe creases and 68.6 glutathione S-transferase (GST), π isoform gonadotrophin(s) 8.4 grain/grain-shoveller’s itch 38.48 in Sturge–Weber syndrome 18.66 2.20 adverse effects 75.117 Gram-negative bacteria glaziers, occupational hazards 27.19 gluten-free diet 40.61–2 acneiform eruptions 42.72 normal skin fl ora 30.2 Gleich syndrome see hypereosinophilic treatment of psoriasis 20.43 sebaceous gland activity and 42.11, overgrowth, folliculitis 42.84 syndrome glutethimide 75.81 42.12 Gram-positive cocci, normal skin fl ora Gli-1, overexpression 53.2 glyburide 75.156 gonadotrophin-releasing hormone 30.2 glial fi lament acidic protein (GFAP) 3.9 glycaemic index, acne and 42.34 (GnRH) 8.4 Gram-positive rods, normal skin fl ora glibenclamide 75.156 glycerol, anti-irritant effect 25.25 agonists 30.2 glioma, nasal 18.89–90, 56.52 glycerol suppositories 39.28 in acne vulgaris 42.53 Gram stain 10.10 glipizide 75.156 glyceryl monoabietate 26.79, 26.82 in hirsutism 66.89 granisetron 75.79 Global Alliance algorithm, for acne glyceryl monothioglycolate 26.17–18 pulsatile output, menstrual cycle 8.8 granular cell tumour 56.50–1, 71.73 outcome improvement 42.39, glyceryl trinitrate 75.97 receptor 8.4 congenital epulis 69.17 42.40 cold-induced injury 28.70 release, neurokinin B role 8.20 dermal non-neural (primitive Global Alliance for the Elimination of glycine, in elastin 3.43 Gongylonema pulchrum 37.18 polypoid/primitive non-neural) Lymphatic Filariasis 37.10 glycine-X-Y sequence 3.32, 3.34 gonococcal infection 30.45–6 56.59 global warming 26.10 glycolic acid 80.9 arthritis and 62.105 oral 69.55 globoside 33.63 glycolic aciduria 49.37 disseminated (DGI) 34.26–8 pinna 68.28 glomangioma/glomangiomyoma see glycolipids, stratum corneum 3.11 vasculitis and 50.55 granular degeneration 10.39–40, 42.78 glomus tumour glycopeptide antibiotics 74.43 see also gonorrhoea granular parakeratosis 70.17 glomerulonephritis glycoprotein 11b–111a (GP11b–111a), gonococci see Neisseria gonorrhoeae granule defects, in Chédiak–Higashi in dystrophic EB 39.20 platelet-specifi c integrin 12.32 gonorrhoea 30.45–6, 34.24–9 syndrome 58.41 β β ear involvement 68.17 2-glycoprotein I ( 2-GPI) 49.40, 49.41 clinical features 34.25 granule defi ciencies 12.23 following streptococcal infection 30.12, antibodies 49.40, 49.41 complications 34.26–8 granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G- 30.15–16 glycoproteinoses 59.33 diagnosis 34.28 CSF) 46.32 in loiasis 37.11 acroparesthesiae 59.37 epidemiology 34.25, 34.28 adverse effects 50.74, 50.76, 75.141–2 mesangiocapillary, partial lipoatrophy degradation disorders 59.33–5 management 34.28 localized reaction to 50.90 and 46.39–40 storage disorders, classifi cation 59.33 oropharyngeal 69.78–9, 69.118 granulocyte–macrophage colony- glomus bodies 65.4 glycoproteins, non-collagenous 3.34 in pregnancy and breastfeeding 34.28 stimulating factor (GM-CSF) glomus cells 56.43 glycopyrrolate cream 73.9 prevalence 34.2 12.16 glomus tumour 56.43–4, 65.15, 65.17, glycopyrronium bromide 44.10, 44.11, trichomoniasis and 37.29 adverse effects 75.142 65.34–5 63.23, 73.9 see also gonococcal infection; Neisseria histiocyte ontogeny 55.3 diagnosis 10.23, 56.43 glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) 3.2, 3.34, gonorrhoeae polymorphonuclear granulocytes 12.20 familial 15.6 3.45–9, 59.21, 59.30 Goodpasture’s syndrome 3.27, 3.35 skin barrier function and 25.3 female genital dermatology 71.73 ageing and 80.1 Gorham’s (Gorham–Stout) disease 18.76, granulocytes, polymorphonuclear 12.20–4 hyperhidrosis and 44.9 degradation enzyme defi ciencies 48.27 granuloma(s) 52.44 jugulare 68.29 59.30–1 bone and joint involvement 62.99, actinic/Miescher’s/O’Brien’s 45.28–9, multiple 18.73–4 functions 3.46–7 62.100 50.85, 60.1, 60.13–14 44 Index

actinic/O’Brien’s 45.28–9 perforating 60.4, 60.7, 60.9 griseofulvin 74.47–8 gynaecomastia 70.3–6 in allergic contact dermatitis 26.26–7 pustular generalized perforating 60.7 adverse effects 75.64–5 aetiology 70.4 annular elastolytic giant cell 60.13–14 sarcoidosis and 60.9, 61.17 in dermatophytoses 36.48, 36.49, 36.50 drug-induced 70.4–5 Candida 36.65 scalp 66.5 eccrine gland secretion 44.18 in endocrine disorders 70.4 Churg–Strauss 50.42, 50.52 seasonal recurrence 60.1 pigmented purpuric dermatosis 49.26 haemodialysis and 62.72, 70.4 cutaneous extravascular necrotizing skin biopsy 10.43 GRO-alpha (CXCL1) 12.46 management 70.5–6 50.52 subcutaneous 60.7, 60.9 Grocott’s silver staining technique 10.10 physiological 70.4 denture 69.109–10 treatment 60.10–12 groin, bacterial fl ora 30.4 eosinophilic tuberculosis and 60.1 Grönblad–Strandberg syndrome see external auditory canal 68.28 uveitis and 60.9 pseudoxanthoma elasticum H pregnancy and 8.12 viral infection and 60.1 (PXE) H-caldesmon 10.22 traumatic 69.43 granuloma faciale 50.28–30 gross cystic disease fl uid protein-15 H-ras proto-oncogene 52.13 see also Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis in dermatophytosis 36.22 (GCDFP-15) 53.22 Haarscheibe 53.14 (LCH) ear 68.16 extramammary Paget’s disease 53.40 hamartomatous proliferation of facial idiopathic treatment 50.29, 78.9, 78.14 ground itch 37.2, 37.14–15 mesodermal component 53.14 aseptic 43.14 granuloma gluteale infantum 36.63 strongyloidal see strongyloidiasis HAART see highly-active antiretroviral with regressive evolution see acne granuloma gravidarum 8.11, 56.25 group/mass populations reactions therapy (HAART) agminata granuloma inguinale 30.61–2, 34.36, 64.25–6 Haber’s syndrome 52.41 fat 61.22 34.36–7, 71.93 group therapy 64.53 habit disorders 64.26–34 fi brin ring 50.24 female genital dermatology 71.71 Grover’s disease (transient and persistent A-B-C model 64.28 fi sh-tank see Mycobacterium marinum see also Calymmatobacterium granulomatis acantholytic dermatoses) 19.86–8 Hadronyche 38.31 foreign-body 36.75 granuloma multiforme 60.14, 60.17 differential diagnosis 40.11 haem 59.2–5 localization to tattoos 58.58 granuloma multiplex haemorrhagicum see treatment 73.44 biosynthesis 59.3 histopathology 10.39 Kaposi’s sarcoma growth six key structural changes 59.4 in HIV infection 35.26 granuloma telangiectaticum see pyogenic abnormal or delayed 8.3 enzyme defi ciencies 59.5 immunization 28.45 granuloma delay in atopic dermatitis 24.24 see also porphyria infantile gluteal 17.27–8, 71.91, 73.18 granuloma venerum see granuloma intrauterine retardation 17.1 haemangioendothelioma insulin, zinc-induced 28.46 inguinale postnatal 8.1–2 epithelioid 56.40 juvenile giant-cell see juvenile granulomatosis somatic 8.1–2 kaposiform (Kaposi-like infantile) xanthogranuloma Langerhans’ cell see Langerhans’ cell spurts 8.4 18.55–6, 56.31–2 lethal midline 69.57 histiocytosis (LCH) growth factors malignant see angiosarcoma lick 2.9 lipoid, Erdheim–Chester disease from cells other than keratinocytes retiform (hobnail) 56.32 lipophagic 46.13 55.18–19 12.76 spindle cell 56.30–1 mineral oil 46.29 orofacial 48.16 collagen gene expression control 3.39 haemangioma necrobiotic 60.3–4 Wegener’s see Wegener’s exogenous, in wound healing 14.27 acquired elastotic 56.28–9 oil 46.29–30 granulomatosis for melanocytes 58.5 capillary, eyelids 67.34 perifollicular, in lichen nitidus 41.22 granulomatosis disciformis 61.5, 61.17 mucous membrane pemphigoid congenital 18.54 pseudopyogenic 56.27–8, 68.15–16 granulomatous cheilitis, Miescher’s 48.16, pathogenesis 67.20 cutaneous arteriovenous 56.26–7, pulse 69.109 61.23, 69.60, 69.125–7 pressure ulcers 28.23 65.35–6 pyogenic see pyogenic granuloma granulomatous dermatitis 51.131 trapped, venous ulcers and 47.27 epithelioid (histiocytoid) 56.27–8, radial (Miescher) 46.12 granulomatous disease(s) see also specifi c factors 68.15–16 reticulohistiocytic see multicentric chronic see chronic granulomatous growth hormone (GH) 8.1 gingivae 69.13 reticulohistiocytosis disease in breast development 70.1 glomeruloid 56.24–5 sarcoid 61.3, 61.4–5 disseminated lipogranulomatosis 59.41 concentration in plasma 8.2 haemosiderotic 49.17 localization to tattoos 58.58 leg ulcers in 47.57 defi ciency 8.2, 8.4, 62.3 hepatic 18.52–3 in schistosomiasis 37.21 lethal midline granuloma 57.40 Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis (LCH) hobnail (targetoid haemosiderotic) sea urchin 38.58 lymphoedema in 48.13, 48.23 55.12 56.29 silica 61.22 secondary B-cell lymphomas 57.51 excess secretion 8.2, 62.2 infantile/capillary 18.40–52, 18.96 swimming-/diving-associated 28.55 slack-skin disease 45.20, 57.15–16 gene expression 8.1 associated anomalies 18.47–8 swimming pool see Mycobacterium see also specifi c diseases hair growth and 66.13 clinical features 18.42–3 marinum granulomatous perioral dermatitis in in hypopituitarism 62.3 defi nition and classifi cation 18.40–1 telangiectaticum see pyogenic children 43.12, 43.13 recombinant, in erythromelalgia 47.10 diagnosis and complications 18.44–7 granuloma granulomatous reactions replacement, localized lipohypertrophy management 18.48–52 tuberculoid 31.8–10, 32.4, 32.5 to foreign bodies 28.47, 28.48 46.35 pathogenesis and pathology 18.41–2 ulcerating of the pudenda see to injected oils 46.29–30 sebaceous gland activity and 42.11 see also naevus, strawberry granuloma inguinale TNF antagonists 74.8 growth hormone-releasing hormone 8.2 laser therapy 78.6 umbilical 18.93, 71.100 granulomatous slack skin 45.20, 57.15–16 growth-regulated gene/melanoma lobular capillary see pyogenic xanthomatous, with necrobiosis granulosis rubra nasi 44.18 growth stimulating activity granuloma 55.27–9 granzyme 10.26, 13.11 (GRO/MGSA) 12.74 lumbosacral 18.47 zirconium 61.22 grasshoppers 38.28 growth retardation–alopecia– microvenular 56.29–30 see also specifi c types Graves’ disease 53.22, 62.7–8 pseudoanodontia–optic atrophy oral cavity 69.13, 69.22, 69.29, 69.30 granuloma annulare 5.12, 59.79, 60.1–12 gravity, pigmented purpuric dermatoses (GAPO) 15.41 pinna 68.28 aetiology 60.1–3 and 49.22 Guanarito virus 33.67, 33.69 in pregnancy 8.10 associations 60.9–10 gravity stasis, purpura due to 49.14 guanethidine 75.96 sinusoidal 56.30 autoimmune thyroiditis and 60.9 grease-gun injury 46.29–30 systemic sclerosis 51.108 spinal dysraphism and 63.15 bone and joint involvement 62.101 greases, in topical treatment 73.6 Guanieri bodies 33.5 spindle cell 56.30–1 clinical features 60.5, 60.6, 60.7–9 great auricular nerve 77.3 guanine 11.2 symplastic 56.31 diabetes mellitus and 60.9 ‘the greater patient’ concept 72.23 Guillain–Barré syndrome, zoster 33.26 thrombocytopenia 49.12 differential diagnosis 60.9 green shield bug 38.25 guinea pig maximization test 26.11, 27.10 verrucous 18.74–5 ear 60.7, 68.15 green tea extract, wart treatment 33.50 guinea pig model 73.32 haemangioma–haemorrhage syndrome follicular pustulous 60.7 greenbottle fl y 14.22, 38.8 Guinea worm 37.12–13 see Kasabach–Merritt generalized/disseminated 60.5, 60.6, Greither’s syndrome 19.94, 19.98–9 guitar nipple 28.25, 70.11 syndrome/phenomenon 60.7 grenadil 26.81 gum benzoin 26.40 haemangiomatosis giant cell arteritis and 60.9 grenadilla 26.81 gum rosin 26.79 multifocal/benign neonatal 18.53 histopathology 60.3–5 Grenz rays gumma multifocal/diffuse (miliary) neonatal in HIV infection 35.19–20, 60.1, 60.7 in allergic contact dermatitis 26.102 syphilitic 34.5, 34.13–14, 66.52, 69.78 18.53–4 linear 60.7 guidance on use 79.4 tuberculous 31.10, 31.19–20 haemangiopericytoma 18.58 localized 60.5, 60.6 non-melanoma skin cancer associated gummatous neurosyphilis 34.14 adult 56.42 malignant disease and 60.9 52.5 gums see gingivae infantile 56.9, 56.42 Mauriac’s syndrome and 60.9 Grenz zone 10.39, 50.29 Günther’s disease see congenital haemangiosarcoma see angiosarcoma morphoea and 60.9 Grevillea 26.75, 26.81 erythropoietic porphyria (CEP) Haemaphysalis 38.34, 38.35 necrobiosis lipoidica and 60.9, 60.15 grey syndrome 75.64 gut-associated lymphoid tissue 69.3 Haematobia 38.6 papular umbilicated 60.7 Grey Turner sign 62.65 Guthrie test 59.95 haematocrit monitoring, burns 28.84 paraneoplastic 62.38–9 Griscelli syndrome 13.13, 17.78–9, 17.80– guttate morphoea see lichen sclerosus haematodermic neoplasms, blastic ‘patch’ 60.7 1, 58.42, 62.95 GVHD see graft-versus-host disease NK-cell lymphoma 57.39–40

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–24.34; Volume 2, pp. 25.1–44.22; Volume 3, pp. 45.1–62.113; Volume 4, pp. 63.1–80.14 Index 45

haematological disorders 62.85–96 infl ammatory 49.18–19 ichthyosis follicularis with alopecia proteins 3.13–14 in dyskeratosis congenita 15.79 purpura due to 49.2, 49.3, 49.4 and photophobia 19.58–9, 19.60 pubic 8.4, 66.13 eye and skin involvement 67.30 Lassa fever 33.69 keratoderma and cardiac disease and ageing and 8.24 leg ulcers and 47.56 macular 62.90 19.94, 19.107 louse infection 38.22 pigmented purpuric dermatoses and simple, purpura due to 49.2, 49.3, Netherton’s syndrome 19.37, 19.38, waxing 38.22 49.23 49.4–7 19.39–40 race and 9.2, 66.13 see also specifi c disorders splinter, nails 49.7 differentiation 3.13–14 red 3.21, 66.91 haematological tests, purpura 49.6 venous leg ulcers 47.45 discs 3.16 regrowth, sensitizing agent action haematology 69.116 haemorrhagic disease of the newborn disorders 3.14 73.39 haematoma 49.51 in animals, comparison with humans retinoid 66.65 defi nition 5.7 haemorrhagic effects, sporting activities 2.21 ringed 66.69–70, 66.91 ear 68.6–7 28.31 ocular involvement 67.29 scalp, ageing effect 8.23 paroxysmal fi nger 49.16 haemorrhagic fever see also specifi c disorders seasonal growth 66.8–9 penile 71.14 diagnosis 33.5 drug-induced discoloration 66.94, 75.45 animals 2.3 post-surgical 77.8, 77.9 tick-borne 38.35 dyes 66.96–8 setting 66.100 subungual 65.49–50 viral 33.66–70 allergic contact dermatitis and 26.10, sexual, secondary 8.6 wound healing and 14.17 diagnosis 33.68 26.17, 26.60–2 shaft haematopoietic stem cell(s) 55.1 haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome depigmentation and 26.26 abnormalities 66.61–75 transplantation 13.26, 62.96–8, 76.7 (HFRS) 33.70 open patch testing 26.97 fracture 66.16 in familial haemophagocytic haemorrhagic oedema of childhood see ectodermal dysplasias 15.58, 15.64–6, shampoos see shampoos lymphohistiocytosis 55.26 acute haemorrhagic oedema of 15.68–9 shaving 66.11, 66.85 herpes-associated erythema childhood/infancy embryology 3.3 silvery 58.42 multiforme and 33.19 haemorrhoids 71.96 evolution 2.6, 66.1 in SLE 51.38, 66.29, 66.30 oral complications 69.82–3 anal fi ssure 71.87 examination in fungal infection 36.5–6 spun-glass 66.71–2 see also stem cell(s) syphilis vs 34.8, 34.12 exclamation mark 66.34, 66.35 sternal 66.13 Haematopota 38.6 haemosiderosis 62.85 external root sheath see hair, outer root straightening/relaxing 66.99 Haematosiphon 38.24 hypostatic 58.53 sheath (ORS) structure 3.2, 3.13, 66.6 haematosiphoniasis 38.24 skin pigmentation 58.53 facial 8.4, 66.13 styling practices, race and 9.7 haematoxylin and eosin 10.8, 10.9, 10.10 haemosiderotic fi brohistiocytic management 73.29 styling products 26.18 haematoxylin bodies, heart valves, SLE lipomatous lesion follicles see hair follicle(s) swallowing 64.31–2 51.34 (haemosiderotic fi brolipomatous as foreign body 28.49–51 tapered 66.62 haemochromatosis 59.71, 62.61–2 tumour) 56.19 functions 4.1 terminal 66.2, 66.13 arthropathy associated 62.105 haemostasis, in surgery 77.50 greasy, menstrual cycle and 8.8 in congenital naevi 54.11 pigmentation changes 58.28 Hageman factor 13.4 greying 3.21, 8.23, 66.92–3 minoxidil effect 73.50 skin biopsy 10.42 Hailey–Hailey disease 39.1, 39.32–7 alopecia areata and 66.92 terminal differentiation of cortical cells haemodialysis aetiology 39.32 Notch signalling 3.21 3.13 bacterial infection and 30.7 clinical features 39.34 pernicious anaemia and 62.85 terminal-to-vellus ratio, ageing and 8.23 complications 62.72–3, 75.155 complications 39.34–5 premature 66.92–3 tiger tail 66.62 gynaecomastia and 62.72, 70.4 cytodiagnosis 10.29 premature, in vitiligo 58.48 transplantation 66.23–4 nephrogenic systemic fi brosis and 45.53 differential diagnosis 39.35, 40.11 growth in trichofolliculoma 53.7–8 perforating dermatoses and 45.63 female genital dermatology 71.66, 71.81 androgens and 66.13–16 types 66.2 pruritus and 21.7–8, 62.72 genitocrural 71.5–6 congenital naevi 54.11 variants 3.14 restless legs syndrome and 63.24 histopathology 39.33, 39.35 ethnic factors 66.80 vellus 3.13, 66.2, 66.13, 66.91 see also dialysis and related therapies investigations 39.35 excessive 66.75–89 ageing and 8.23 haemoglobin linear 18.25 increased by minoxidil 73.50 occlusion/cystic dilatation 53.7 as chromophore 78.3 male genital dermatology 71.25 normal 3.13–14 waxing 66.87 skin colour and 2.5, 5.15 prognosis 39.35 in pregnancy 8.10 weathering 66.74–5, 66.91 haemoglobin monitoring, burns 28.84 segmental 39.37 rate 66.11 white 8.23, 66.35, 66.91, 66.92–3 haemoglobinuria squamous cell carcinoma and 39.35 rate increased by caffeine 73.49 forelock, in piebaldism 58.42 paroxysmal nocturnal 49.30 treatment 39.35–6, 79.4 synchronous 66.27 woolly 66.70–1 sleep-associated 49.30 Haim–Munk syndrome 19.3, 19.110, 69.16 see also hair cycle hair-bearing skin 3.3 haemolymphangiomatosis, diffuse 48.31 hair guard 66.2 surgical incisions 77.5 see also Maffucci’s syndrome African 9.2 heterochromia 66.91–2 HAIR-AN syndrome 19.120, 42.73, 66.82 haemolysis, intravascular, paroxysmal anatomy and physiology 66.1–16 in HIV infection 35.41–2, 35.42 hair artefact 64.40 nocturnal haemoglobinuria artifi cial 28.50 inner root sheath (IRS) 3.13, 66.3, 66.4– hair bulb 66.2–3, 66.3–4 49.30 Asian 9.2 5, 66.7 in albinism 58.39, 58.40 haemolytic anaemia aural see ear(s), hairy keratins 3.13–14 matrix 66.4 congenital, pigmentation in 58.53 axillary 66.13 knotting 66.74 hair collar sign 18.95, 18.98 Coombs-positive, ITP with 49.9 ageing and 8.24 lanugo 66.91 hair cycle 3.7, 3.13–14, 66.7–13 haemolytic disease of newborn 69.116 bamboo (trichorrhexis invaginata) laser-assisted removal 78.12–13 in alopecia areata 66.33 haemolytic–uraemic syndrome (HUS) 19.37, 19.38, 19.39–40, 66.65–7 length, in animals 2.6–7 disturbances 66.27–31 13.3, 49.12, 49.31 bayonet 66.62 lichen planus 41.14 dynamics 66.20 atypical 49.31 bleaches 66.85, 66.98 in liver disease 62.64 melanogenesis and 66.90 haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis body, grading schemes 66.80 loss see hair loss hair follicle(s) (haemophagocytic syndrome) braiding 66.74 mammals 2.3 abnormalities in follicular 17.78–9, 46.23–5, 49.12 brush end 66.62 matrix atrophoderma 52.8–9 cutaneous manifestation 46.23–5 bubble 66.62 hamartoma 53.12–13 ageing/elderly people 8.23–4 virus-associated 55.30–1 bulb see hair bulb ‘mummifi ed ghost’ cells 53.12 in alopecia areata 66.33, 66.34 EBV 33.31 casts 66.62 tumours 53.12–14 in anagen 66.7, 66.8 haemophilia 49.2 Caucasian 9.2 mechanoreceptor function in animals anatomy 3.1, 3.2, 66.2–67 bleeding time 49.6 chest, ageing and 8.24 2.6 areola periphery 70.1 haemophiliacs, HIV infection 35.45 circle 66.62 medulla 3.13, 66.2, 66.6 bacterial fl ora 30.2, 30.3 Haemophilus ducreyi 30.47, 34.7, 34.34 colour, in animals 2.6–7 moult waves 66.8 bulge stem cells 3.6 female genital dermatology 71.71 conditioners 66.96 multiple 66.73 carcinoma 53.32, 53.33–7 see also chancroid congenital abnormalities, in animals oral 69.37 in catagen 66.7–8 Haemophilus infl uenzae 15.60 2.18 outer root sheath (ORS) 3.13, 66.3, 66.4, degeneration/regeneration cycle 3.7 Haemophilus infl uenzae type b 13.15 cortex 3.13, 66.2, 66.6 66.5 density 66.2 in cellulitis 30.18 cosmetics 66.95–100 tumours 53.4–6 distribution 66.2 haemopoietic stem cells see curly, curvature 3.14 permanent waving 66.98–9 embryonic development 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, haematopoietic stem cell(s) cuticle 3.13, 66.2, 66.5–6 pigmentation 66.89–95 42.3, 66.2 haemorrhage cycle see hair cycle effects of physical phenomena 66.91 defective, in comedo naevus 42.78 abnormal platelet function and defects variations 66.91–5 follicular infundibulum tumour 53.3 49.12–14 folliculocentric keratotic disorders plucking 66.9, 66.85 immune privilege and 66.32 disseminated intravascular coagulation 19.72–3, 19.74–5 Pohl–Pinkus constriction 66.62 infl ammatory diseases 30.21–30 49.39 IBIDS/PIBIDS syndrome 19.47–9 in pregnancy 8.10, 66.9, 66.27 see also folliculitis 46 Index

infundibulum 66.3 hair matrix 53.12–13 Hand–Schüller–Christian syndrome see needs assessment 6.14 innervation 66.6 linear basaloid follicular 18.13 Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis primary care 6.14–15 isthmus 66.3 medallion-like dermal dendrocytic (LCH) referral rates 6.15 loss 66.16 17.15, 56.18–19 handymen, occupational hazards 27.20 research 6.14–17, 72.13 mechanism of androgen action meningothelial 18.95 HANES-1 study 6.7, 6.15 secondary care 6.15 66.14–15 neuromuscular 18.37, 56.44 hang nails 65.51 uptake and number of patients using mechanoreceptor (Haarscheibe) 53.14 nodular proliferative neurocristic 54.13 hanging groin 37.5 6.14 melanocytes 3.21, 58.3 pilosebaceous follicle 53.7–8 Hanovia sunlamp 29.1 Health Technology Assessment Database melanogenesis 3.20, 66.90–1 sclerosing epithelial 53.9–10 Hansemann cells 55.27 7.5 mesenchymal lesions 53.14–15 striated-muscle 18.37 Hansen’s disease see leprosy health workers, occupational hazards 5.6 miniaturization 66.18, 66.20–1 sudoriferous 18.15–16 hantavirus pulmonary syndrome 33.70, hearing-aids, dermatitis due to 26.17, mites see Demodex HAMP gene 62.61 49.20 68.23–4 naevus 53.6 Han Chinese patients 72.30 hantaviruses 33.67, 33.70, 49.20 hearing impairment see deafness prominent 9.4 hand(s) Hapalochlaena maculosa 38.59 heart regional variations in density 3.3 actinic keratosis 52.30 haplotype 11.7 in carcinoid syndrome 43.18 scars and 14.8 aggressive digital papillary Happle’s syndrome (Conradi– disorders 62.75–80 stem cells 3.7 adenocarcinoma 53.33 Hünermann–Happle syndrome) keratoderma and woolly hair and suprabulbar region 66.3, 66.4, 66.6 annular lesions of discoid LE 51.14 19.3, 19.49–52 19.94, 19.107 transplantation 66.15 cold fl exed fi ngers 51.112 prenatal diagnosis 16.3 see also specifi c disorders tumours 53.2–4, 53.27 collagenous and elastotic marginal haptens 26.11, 26.23, 75.16 in infantile haemangioma 18.45 hair follicle unit 12.63 plaques 45.28 harara 38.5, 38.7 in sarcoidosis 61.7 hair germ 3.5 dermatitis 72.10 hard palate 69.2, 69.6 in systemic sclerosis 51.101, 62.78 hamartoma 53.8–9 career choice and 8.8 hardness tests, mechanical injury 28.5 in trypanosomiasis 37.32 tumours and cysts 53.6–12 dermatitis/eczema 23.13–23, 42.10 harlequin colour change 17.4 see also entries beginning cardiac hair loss alitretinoin 74.36 harlequin ichthyosis 19.25–9 heart failure, venous leg ulcers and 47.47 eating disorders 64.22 allergic contact dermatitis 26.15–16, harm, critical appraisal of paper about heart valves, haematoxylin bodies in SLE pathological pulling/plucking 64.30–1 26.29 7.15 51.34 see also alopecia asteatotic 23.20 Hartnup disease 59.100–1 heat hair muffs 38.60 atopic dermatitis 8.7, 23.14, 24.21–2 harvest mites 30.74, 38.2, 38.50–1 sensitivity, rosacea 43.2 hair peg 3.5 career choice and 8.8 harvester ants 38.14 wart treatment 33.50 hair pull test 66.28, 66.30 chronic, lymphoedema after 48.13 Hashimoto–Pritzker syndrome see heat-associated carcinomas 28.73 hair sinus, breast 70.15 classifi cation 23.13–14 Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis heat cautery 77.44–5 hair-thread tourniquet syndrome 28.50 constitutional 24.22 (LCH) heat injury see thermal injury hairdressers, occupational hazards 5.6, diagnosis 27.4 Hashimoto’s thyroiditis 62.10 heat nociceptors 4.9 22.20, 26.47, 27.2, 27.3, 27.19 differential diagnosis 23.20, 23.21, sarcoidosis and 61.17 heat pain threshold 4.9 hand dermatitis 8.8 25.15, 25.16 Haverhill fever 30.67 heat shock proteins 51.54 hairless mouse 66.11 discoid 23.10 HAVS (hand–arm vibration syndrome) hsp90 73.17 hairline 66.16, 66.17 irritant contact dermatitis 25.2, 25.13, 27.17, 28.26, 28.56, 28.57–8 polymorphic light eruption and 29.11 surgery across 77.5 25.14, 25.15, 25.24 Hawaiian box jellyfi sh 38.56 in vasculitis 50.5 hairy leukoplakia 69.90, 69.91, 69.93–4 nail involvement 65.28–9 Haxthausen’s disease (keratoderma in wound healing 14.5 EBV association 33.31, 35.43 nickel allergy and 26.31–2 climactericum) 19.117–18, 46.21 heavy-chain disease 69.114 in HIV infection 35.43 as occupational dermatosis 27.2 Hayden syndrome 15.42 heavy water distillate, acne associated hairy pinnae see ear(s), hairy plant-induced 26.76 Hay–Wells syndrome 15.28, 15.61–3 42.77 HAL DRB1*04 (DR4), actinic prurigo and prevalence 23.3 hazard ratio 6.18 Heberden’s nodes 45.70 29.14 prognosis 23.21 HBV see hepatitis B virus (HBV) Heck’s disease 33.47, 69.111–12 half-moon lunule see lunula severity assessment 72.10 hCAP18 see LL-37 HED see hypohidrotic ectodermal halides 75.152–3 tacrolimus therapy 73.32 HCV see hepatitis C virus (HCV) dysplasia (HED) Hallermann–Streiff syndrome 15.41, treatment 23.21–3 HD1 39.25 Hedgehog signalling 18.81–2, 45.8 disinfection 77.5, 77.7 HDAC (histone deacetylase inhibitors) in follicular atrophoderma 52.9 Hallopeau, acrodermatitis continua of see in dystrophic EB 39.18 57.28 importance during development 52.6 acrodermatitis continua (of eating disorder manifestations 64.22 HDM see house-dust mite in naevoid basal cell carcinoma Hallopeau) erythromelalgia 47.9 H&E (haematoxylin and eosin) 10.8, 10.9, syndrome 52.6, 52.7 Hallopeau–Siemens dystrophic factitious disorders 64.40 10.10 Heerfordt’s syndrome 61.7 epidermolysis bullosa (EB) fi nger pebbles 59.79 head, basal cell carcinoma 52.20 Heidenhain’s Susa 10.31 39.16, 39.18–20 hyperpigmentation, acromelanosis 58.21 head and neck Heimler syndrome 15.52 hallux valgus, mechanical injury 28.10–11 lichen planus 23.20, 23.21 blood vessels 77.2, 77.3 Helicobacter pylori 62.48 halo, formation, venous microcirculatory mechanical injury 28.10–12, 28.14, cosmetic units 77.2 eradication, effect on rosacea 43.2, 43.6, disorders 47.27 28.16, 28.27, 28.31 local anaesthesia 77.2–4, 77.10 43.7 halo naevus 58.49–50 mechanic’s 62.82 lymphatic system 69.4, 77.2, 77.3 rosacea pathogenesis and 43.2 halogen acne 27.12–15 milia 25.15, 25.16 lymphoedema 48.12, 48.13, 48.16, 48.23 urticaria and 22.2, 22.10 halogenated acetophenones 25.21 neutrophilic dermatosis of the (dorsal) motor nerves 77.4–5 Helleborus 25.21 halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons, hands 50.80–1 oedema 48.12 HELLP syndrome 49.12, 49.31 acnegenicity 27.12–13 occupational dermatoses 27.2, 27.3 sensory nerves 77.2–4 helminth infection, eosinophilia in 62.86 halogenated salicylanilides 26.24 pityriasis rubra pilaris 23.20 surgery 77.2–5 heloma see corns haloperidol 64.52, 75.83 psoriasis 23.20, 25.15, 25.16 see also neck; specifi c areas hemi-hypertrophy 63.14 HAM56 55.15 of palms 20.15 head injury, hypertrichosis following hemiatrophy, facial 46.39 hamartoma 47.12, 52.1, 53.6–12 scabies 25.15, 25.16 66.78 hemidesmosome(s) 3.26, 3.30–2 apocrine gland 18.14 tinea incognito 25.15 head lice see under lice components (HD1-HD5) 3.30 basaloid follicular 53.11–12 Trichophyton infection 23.20, 23.21, head load, in tropics, pigmentation effect gene mutations 3.31 congenital midline/rhabdomyomatous 25.15 58.9 in junctional epidermolysis bullosa mesenchymal 18.37 tripe palms 19.120 headache 39.9, 39.25 congenital smooth-muscle (arrector varices 47.16 in giant cell arteritis 50.43 ultrastructure 3.30 pili) 18.35–6 wrinkling 28.93 herpes simplex 33.17 hemidesmosome-anchoring fi lament- congenital vellus 18.10–11 see also palms in traction alopecia 66.53 anchoring fi bril adhesion cutaneous see naevus hand, foot and mouth disease 33.71, headsets, dermatitis due to 26.17 complex 3.3, 3.30–2 diffuse smooth-muscle 18.36–7 69.76–7 Heaf test 5.24, 13.22 hemidesmosome-anchoring fi lament eccrine angiomatous 18.16 electron microscopy 10.30 health-related groups 5.2 complexes 3.3 fat-storing of dermal dendrocytes hand cooling test 63.4–5 health-related quality of life see quality of hemifacial atrophy 51.70 46.45, 55.19 Hand Eczema Severity Index 72.10 life (QOL) hemifacial microsomia 18.82–3, 68.4 fi brolipomatous of nerve hand–foot syndrome 38.14 health services hemilipodystrophy 46.39 (neurolipomatosis) 18.40 hand washing, compulsive 64.24 audit 72.13 Hemiptera (bugs) 38.23–6 fi brous of infancy 18.34–5, 56.6 hand–arm vibration syndrome (HAVS) boundaries between primary/ hemizygous genes, defi nition 15.3 folliculosebaceous cystic 53.7–8 27.17, 28.26, 28.56, 28.57–8 secondary care 6.15 hemojuvulin gene 62.61 generalized follicular 66.51–2 handicap, in skin disease 6.5 need, supply and demand relationship henna 66.97, 75.162 hair germ 53.8–9 magnitude 6.5 6.15–16 tattoos 26.60

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–24.34; Volume 2, pp. 25.1–44.22; Volume 3, pp. 45.1–62.113; Volume 4, pp. 63.1–80.14 Index 47

Hennekam lymphangiectasia– lichen planus pathogenesis 41.2–3, type IV 63.18–19 stomatitis 33.16, 69.13, 69.72–4 lymphoedema syndrome 48.10, 41.16 type V 63.19 TORCH syndrome 33.76–7 48.27 necrolytic acral erythema and 62.59 heregulin-a 62.16 trauma facilitating 33.15, 33.18 Henoch–Schönlein purpura 49.18–19, oral manifestations of infection 69.115 Herellea see Acinetobacter treatment 33.20–1 50.19–21 pigmented purpuric dermatoses and Hermansky–Pudlak syndrome 9.16, topical agents 73.15 aetiology and pathogenesis 50.4, 50.5, 49.23 17.78–9, 17.81, 49.12, 58.41, 62.52, vesicles 33.16, 33.18 50.7, 50.20 polyarteritis nodosa and 50.33, 62.59 62.95 whitlow 33.17 bone and joint involvement 62.102 porphyria cutanea tarda and 33.61–2, hernias herpes simplex virus (HSV) 33.14, classifi cation 50.2 62.59–60 fascial, legs 45.68–9 33.14–22 clinical features 50.20 pruritus and 21.9 muscular 28.61–2 blepharoconjunctivitis 67.26 genetic factors 50.11 red fi ngers syndrome and 62.59 heroin 75.28, 75.87 DNA detection 33.19 male genital dermatology 71.28–9 replication 33.61 herpangina 33.71, 69.76 HSV-1 33.14, 33.16, 33.17, 33.18 renal involvement 62.71 tattoos 28.48 herpes-associated erythema multiforme eczema herpeticum 33.35 Hep-2 cells 13.19, 13.20 transmission 38.24 (HAEM) 33.18–19 HSV-2 33.14, 33.16, 33.17, 33.18 anticentromere antibodies 51.103 treatment 33.62 herpes B virus (B virus; CeHV-1) 33.34–5 Well’s syndrome and 46.33 Sci-70 antibodies 51.104 vasculitis and 33.61 herpes gestationis see pemphigoid mutants, drug resistance 35.28 hepadnaviruses 33.2 hepatitis D virus 62.60 gestationis reactivated 67.25 heparan, structure 3.47 hepatitis E virus 62.60 herpes gladiatorum 33.17 oral 33.3 heparan sulphate 3.46 hepatitis F virus 62.60 herpes iris of Bateman 76.7 prevention 33.20, 33.21 in wound healing 14.3 hepatitis G virus 62.60 herpes labialis 69.72–3 shedding 33.14, 33.17 heparan sulphate proteoglycans (HSPGs) HIV infection with 35.5 herpes simplex 5.14, 33.14, 33.14–22, subclinical 33.18 3.29 hepatocutaneous syndrome, in dogs 2.17 69.118 transmission 33.14, 33.15 heparin hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) 3.21 aetiology 33.14–15 vaccines 33.21 adverse effects 45.52, 62.92, 75.105–7 hair growth and 66.10 antibodies 33.19, 33.35 herpes zoster see zoster haemorrhage 49.28 melanocyte mitogen 58.5 atopic eczema and 33.35–6 herpes zoster oticus 33.25, 33.26 necrosis 49.27–9 hepatocyte growth factor activator autoinoculation/inoculation 33.15, management 33.28 purpura 75.23 inhibitor-1 (HAI-1) 12.50 33.17 herpes zoster sine eruptione 33.25, 67.26 thrombocytopenia 49.11, 49.27–9 hepatoerythropoietic porphyria 59.13–15 children 33.15, 33.20, 35.45 Herpesvirus hominis 33.24 LMWH see low-molecular-weight hepatolenticular degeneration syndrome clinical features 5.4, 33.16–20 see also herpes simplex virus (HSV) heparin (LMWH) 59.76 cytodiagnosis 10.28, 10.29 Herpesvirus varicellae 33.22, 33.24 skin testing for reactions to 75.173 hepatosplenomegaly diagnosis 33.19 see also varicella zoster virus (VZV) structure 3.47 in sarcoidosis 61.10 differential diagnosis 26.29 herpesviruses 33.2, 33.14–37 heparin-reactive antibodies 49.27 in trypanosomiasis 37.32 ear involvement 68.20, 68.28 classifi cation 33.14 hepatic artery ligation/embolization, in hepatovirus 33.71, 33.74 electron microscopy 10.30 electron microscopy 10.30 carcinoid tumours 43.19 heptachlor 75.163 erythema multiforme and 33.18–19, oral infection 69.76 hepatic vein thrombosis (Budd–Chiari herald patch 76.2 transmission by human bites 38.61 syndrome) 49.29, 49.30 differential diagnosis 33.80, 33.81 genital infections 33.15, 33.17, 33.18 see also specifi c viruses hepatitis 62.58 pityriasis rosea 33.79, 33.80 females 71.57, 71.70 herring brine 25.21 chronic active, lichen planus and 41.16 herbal remedies 64.54, 72.32, 72.33 in HIV infection 35.28 Hertog’s sign 62.10 following ear piercing 68.7 acne vulgaris 42.43 males 71.33 HES see hydroxyethyl starch (HES) herpes simplex virus and 33.17 platelet function disorders 49.13 maternal primary 33.15, 33.21 Hess test 49.5 prevention of spread during surgery potential risks 72.29, 72.33 prevalence 34.2 hetastarch see hydroxyethyl starch (HES) 77.7 herd immunity and scabies 38.37 primary 33.16, 33.17 heterochromia 66.91–2 viruses 33.60–2 hereditary angio-oedema see angio- recurrent 33.17, 33.18 heterogeneity, genetic 15.5 see also specifi c viruses oedema, hereditary treatment 33.20, 33.21 heterophile antibodies, EBV infection hepatitis A 33.74 hereditary benign intraepithelial gingivostomatitis 33.16 33.30 nodular panniculitis and 46.14 dyskeratosis 69.25 Hailey–Hailey disease vs 39.35 heterozygosity, loss of 11.18 hepatitis A virus (HAV) 33.74, 62.59 hereditary benign telangiectasia 47.19 in HIV infection 33.15, 35.28, 35.45, 68.28 heterozygous genes, defi nitions 15.3–4 hepatitis B virus (HBV) 33.60–1 hereditary blistering disorders 39.1–37 immune restoration and 35.28, 35.46, Heubner’s arteritis 34.5 aetiology and epidemiology 33.60 see also epidermolysis bullosa (EB); 35.47 HEV (high endothelial venule) 13.9, 13.10 angio-oedema and 62.59 Hailey–Hailey disease immune response 33.15, 33.21 hexachlorophene (hexachlorophane) cryoglobulinaemic vasculitis and 62.59 hereditary coproporphyria 59.19 immune restoration disease 35.28, 14.21, 25.21, 26.24, 73.15, 75.164 cutaneous manifestations of infection hereditary epidermal polycystic disease 35.46, 35.47 2,4-hexadienoic acid 25.18, 26.58, 73.8 33.60, 62.59 see steatocystoma multiplex in immunodefi ciency 33.15, 33.17, Hexathelidae 38.31 erythema and 62.59 hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia 33.18, 33.20 HF see hydrofl uoric acid erythema multiforme and 62.59 (HHT) 18.79–80, 47.13, 47.17–18, intrauterine infection 17.39, 18.2, 33.15, HFE gene 62.61 Gianotti–Crosti syndrome and 33.61, 49.5 33.21 HFEA (Human Fertilization and 33.77, 62.59, 62.64 aetiology and pathogenesis 47.17–18 keratoconjunctivitis 33.17, 33.18 Embryology Authority) 16.8–9 HbcAg (core antigen) 33.60 iron defi ciency anaemia in 62.85 latent infections 33.14 HGU (Human Genetics Unit) 15.1 HBeAg (e antigen) 33.60 mutations in HHTI and HHT II 49.7 in malaria 37.27 HHF35 10.22 HbsAg (Australia antigen) 33.60 oral cavity 69.29, 69.117 neonatal infection 17.39–40, 33.15, HHV-1 see herpes simplex virus (HSV), immune response 33.60 portal hypertension and 62.63 33.17, 33.20 HSV-1 lichen planus and 41.16, 62.59 purpura and bleeding 49.15 non-primary fi rst-episode 33.15 HHV-2 see herpes simplex virus (HSV), polyarteritis nodosa and 33.60–1, 50.33, hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell ocular 67.16, 67.25–6 HSV-2 50.34, 50.35, 62.59 carcinoma syndrome 2.17, 62.29, oral 33.16, 69.13, 69.72–4 HHV-3 see varicella zoster virus (VZV) prophylaxis 33.61 62.69 in HIV infection 35.43 HHV-4 see Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) pyoderma gangrenosum and 62.59 hereditary mucoepithelial dysplasia primary 33.15, 33.16 HHV-5 see cytomegalovirus (CMV) replication 33.60 15.42, 69.31 prophylaxis 33.21 infections serum sickness and 33.60, 62.59 hereditary non-polyposis colorectal recurrent 33.17–18, 33.20, 33.21 HHV-7 see human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7) transmission 38.24 cancer (HNPCC) 52.10 paronychia due to 65.22–3 HHV-8 see human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) by human bites 38.61 sebaceous adenoma association 42.87 pathology 33.16 Hibernian fever 22.25, 50.53, 62.69, 62.104 urticaria and 22.8, 62.59 hereditary onycho-osteodysplasia (Hood) perianal/perineal disease 71.95 hibernoma 46.45 vaccination 33.61, 62.59, 75.139 syndrome 15.8, 15.86–7 in HIV infection 35.28 HID (hystrix ichthyosis and deafness) conditions after 33.61 hereditary osteo-onychodysplasia 15.8, primary infection 33.16–17 syndrome 15.46, 19.36, 19.37, lupus panniculitis and 46.25 15.86–7 complications 33.17 19.54–7 vectors 38.24 hereditary polymorphous light eruption HSV-1 33.14–15, 33.16 hidradenitis hepatitis C virus (HCV) 33.61–2 29.13 HSV-2 33.15, 33.16 in adolescence 8.7 antibodies 49.32 hereditary progressive mucinous recurrence comparison 33.18 idiopathic recurrent palmoplantar 44.17 autoimmune disorders and 62.60 histiocytosis 59.25 treatment 33.20 neutrophilic eccrine see neutrophilic cold-induced injury 28.71 hereditary sclerosing poikiloderma 15.82 prophylaxis 33.20, 33.21 eccrine hidradenitis conditions associated with 33.62 hereditary sensory autonomic neuropathy recurrent infection 33.15, 33.17–19 hidradenitis suppurativa 30.79–82, 42.74– cryoglobulins and 33.61, 49.32, 49.33, (HSAN) complications 33.18–19 5, 64.7 50.24, 50.25, 62.59 type I 63.18 intraoral 69.73 acne and 42.33 cutaneous features of infection 33.61, type II 63.18 labial 69.72–3 acne conglobata and 42.82 62.59–60 type III 44.7, 62.80, 63.18 treatment 33.20–1 aetiology 30.79–80 48 Index

bone and joint involvement 62.102 in fl ushing 43.14, 43.16 familial sea-blue 55.26 amoebiasis 35.35 breast 70.17 food and 22.8 generalized eruptive 55.15, 55.19 anal cancer 35.30, 35.39 clinical features 30.80–1 in Hymenoptera venom 38.14 hereditary progressive mucinous 55.27 angiolipoma 46.45 complications 30.81 intradermal injection 22.5 histiocyte function changes causing anogenital warts 35.29–30 diagnosis 30.81 liberators 22.8 symptoms 55.2 antibody response 35.3 genitocrural dermatology 71.5 mast cell release 67.15 intravascular (intralymphatic) arthropod bites/stings 38.2, 38.7 isotretinoin treatment 42.62 pruritus and 21.3–4 associated with rheumatoid atopic dermatitis 24.24, 35.16, 35.45 pathology 30.80 release by DMSO 73.7 arthritis 62.103 atypical mycobacterial infections perianal/perineal dermatology 71.88–9 triple response of Lewis and 63.5 oral involvement 69.58–9 35.25–6 TNF antagonists 74.7 urticaria and 22.4, 22.8, 22.9 papular, of head 55.15, 55.17–18 bacillary angiomatosis 35.25, 68.28 treatment 30.81–2, 77.36 histamine receptors 74.31 progressive nodular 55.20 bacterial infection 35.24–8, 35.45 hidradenocarcinoma 53.34 cloning 12.26 pure cutaneous see Langerhans’ cell basal cell carcinoma 35.39 hidradenoma 53.27–8 H1 21.3, 22.4 histiocytosis (LCH) breast hypertrophy and 70.3 clear-cell 53.27–8 H2 21.3, 22.4 regional, cytophagic histiocytic candidiasis 35.32, 35.43, 35.45, 36.59–60, eccrine 53.22 H3 21.3, 22.4 panniculitis 46.23 69.105 malignant 53.34 H4 21.3, 22.4 sea-blue 55.26 cell count monitoring 13.22 nodulocystic 53.27–8 pruritus and 21.3 self-healing see Langerhans’ cell cellulitis 35.24 papillary 71.72 histamine-release test 75.174 histiocytosis (LCH) chancroid co-infection 34.34–5 poroid 53.24 histatins 12.6–7 self-limiting types 55.17 in children 35.44–5 hidradenoma papilliferum 53.20–1, 68.30 histiocytes virus-induced, with chronic actinic dermatitis and 29.16 hidradenomes eruptifs see syringoma in benign cephalic histiocytosis 55.15 erythrophagocytosis 55.30–1 clinical features 35.10 hidroacanthoma simplex 53.22–3 cytophagic 46.23–5 histiocytosis X see Langerhans’ cell co-infections 35.5 hidrocystoma differentiation/development 5.1–3 histiocytosis (LCH) coagulopathies 35.12–13 apocrine 53.18–19 in familial haemophagocytic histology technicians, occupational coccidioidomycosis 35.34, 36.86 eccrine 53.22, 67.33 lymphohistiocytosis 55.25 hazards 27.19 Corynebacterium minutissimum 35.26 eyelid 67.33 foamy 55.21 histone deacetylase inhibitors 57.28 cryoglobulinaemia and 28.71 hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia 15.42, juvenile xanthogranuloma 55.15 histone modifi cation 11.16 cryptococcosis 35.24, 35.33, 36.89, 15.67, 15.68–9, 19.94, 19.106 function 55.2, 55.4–5 histopathological techniques, foreign 36.90–1, 68.28 see also Clouston’s syndrome (hidrotic in granuloma annulare 60.4 bodies 28.42 cryptosporidiosis 35.35 ectodermal dysplasia) microscopy 10.34 histopathology 10.1–43 cutaneous larva migrans 35.36 HIES see hyper-IgE syndrome in multicentric reticulohistiocytosis Histoplasma capsulatum 36.2, 36.80–3 cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection high-density lipoprotein (HDL) 55.23 in HIV infection 35.34 35.28, 35.29 cholesterol, retinoids 74.37 ontogeny 55.1–3 histoplasmin test 5.24, 36.86 Demodex infection 35.36 high endothelial venule 13.9, 13.10 phagocytosis by 55.4, 55.26 histoplasmosis 36.80–3 dermatological manifestations 35.8–47 high-resolution comparative genomic proliferation acute disseminated 36.82 see also specifi c manifestations hybridization 11.13 cytophagic histiocytic panniculitis acute pulmonary 36.82 dermatophytosis 35.32–3, 35.45 high-throughput genetic analysis 15.6 46.23–4 aetiology 36.81 diagnosis 35.8, 35.11 higher bacterial infections, female genital haemophagocytic syndrome 46.23 chronic disseminated 36.82 early, benefi ts 35.6, 35.8–9 dermatology 71.68 malignant 55.32, 55.33 chronic pulmonary 36.82 differential diagnosis 35.11 highly-active antiretroviral therapy in sinus histiocytosis with massive clinical features 36.81–2 drug reactions 35.20–4 (HAART) 35.1, 35.5 lymphadenopathy 55.29 defi nition 36.80–1 non-antiretroviral drugs 35.20 adverse effects 35.21, 75.67 in solitary giant xanthogranuloma 55.15 diagnosis 36.82–3 oral 35.44 in children 35.45 see also histiocytosis disseminated 35.33 duct ectasia/periductal mastitis gynaecomastia 70.4, 70.5 histiocytic markers 10.24 histology 36.81 complex and 70.8 lipoatrophy 35.22 histiocytic sarcoma 55.31 in HIV infection 35.33–4 ear involvement 68.28 sarcoidosis 61.6 histiocytoma large-form (African) 36.81, 36.83 eosinophilic folliculitis 35.18–19 anogenital wart regression 35.30 aneurysmal fi brous 49.17 male genital dermatology 71.32 epidemiology 35.1–2 CD4 T-cell reconstitution 35.4 basal cell carcinoma over 52.20 oral involvement 69.80, 69.118 erythema elevatum diutinum and 50.25 immune reconstitution (infl ammatory) fi brous see fi brous histiocytoma perianal/perineal 71.96 erythroderma 35.13, 35.16 syndrome 35.46 generalized eruptive 55.15, 55.19 primary cutaneous 36.82 eyelash disorders (trichomegaly) 67.4 indications 35.17, 35.18, 35.32 giant-cell see multicentric small-form 36.81 fungal infections 35.32–5, 35.45 in Kaposi’s sarcoma 35.37 reticulohistiocytosis treatment 36.83 furunculosis and 30.23 lipodystrophy association 46.41, 46.42 progressive nodular 55.20 history-taking 5.3–6 global trends 35.2 skin cancer warning 35.40 solitary (solitary epithelioid) 55.23, HIV (human immunodefi ciency virus) granuloma annulare and 35.19–20, success and survival improvement 35.6 55.24 35.1 60.1, 60.7 hip circumference 46.5 histiocytoma cutis see fi brous attachment and infection process 35.3 granuloma inguinale (donovanosis) Hippelates 30.14, 38.6 histiocytoma (FH) circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) and 34.37 Hippoboscidae 38.6, 38.7 histiocytosis 55.1–34 35.2 gynaecomastia and 70.4 Hippocrates 72.5, 72.25 benign cephalic (papular of the head) genetic variability and error rate 35.2, haemophagocytic syndrome and 46.23 Hippocratic fi ngers 15.87–8 55.15, 55.17–18 35.5 haemophiliacs 35.45 Hippomane manchinella 25.21 bone and joint involvement 55.12, gp41 protein 35.3, 35.6 hair changes 35.41–2, 35.42, 66.2 hippopotamus 2.3, 2.4 55.21, 55.23, 55.32, 62.101 group M 35.2 hairy ears and 68.5 hirsutism 66.80–9 class I (Langerhans’ cell involvement) groups, subtypes (clades) and sub- hairy leukoplakia and 35.43, 69.93–4 acne association 42.20, 42.21 55.6, 55.6–14 subtypes 35.2–3 hepatitis G and 35.5 in acromegaly 62.2 see also Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis immunosuppressive effects 35.4 herpes simplex 33.15, 35.28, 35.45, antiandrogens 74.32 (LCH) receptors and co-receptors 35.3, 35.6 68.28 defi nition 66.75, 66.80 class IIa (dermal dendrocyte recombination 35.2 oral 35.43 diagnostic approach 66.84–5 involvement) 55.6, 55.14–22 rev, tat, nef, vpr, vpu genes 35.3 histoplasmosis 35.33–4, 36.81 drug-induced 75.45 histopathology/diagnosis 55.15 reverse transcription 35.3, 35.6 HLA associations 35.3, 35.4, 35.5 endocrine factors 66.80–4 see also juvenile xanthogranuloma structure 35.3 homosexual men 35.2, 35.5, 35.13, grading 66.80 class IIb (non-Langerhans’ cell, non- types 35.2 35.15, 35.30, 35.32 idiopathic 66.83 dermal dendrocytes) 55.6, viral load 35.5 HPV infections and 33.59, 35.29–30 investigations 66.85 55.23–31 HIV-1 35.2 hyperpigmentation 35.12 perianal/perineal 71.85 class III (malignant) 38.7, 55.6, 55.31–4 HIV-2 35.2 ichthyosis 35.11–12 in pregnancy 8.10, 66.82 immunohistochemistry 55.31, 55.32, HIV-associated adipose redistribution immune evasion 35.6 treatment 66.85, 66.86, 66.87–9 55.33 syndrome (HARS) 46.41–2 immune restoration disease 35.28, see also hypertrichosis of LCH type 55.7, 55.32 HIV infection 35.1–47 35.29, 35.46, 35.47 Hirudinea 38.55 malignant reticulohistiocytosis abscesses 35.24 immunology 35.3–4 histamine 12.57–9 55.32–3 acanthosis nigricans 35.12 incidence 34.2 in arthropod saliva/venom 38.1 monocytic leukaemia 55.31–2 actinic keratosis 35.39 indicator conditions 35.1, 35.4, 35.8 atopic eye disease 67.15 true histiocytic lymphoma 55.33–4 acute primary/seroconversion 35.10–11 infections 35.24–36 in cholinergic urticaria 22.15 virus-associated haemophagocytic differential diagnosis 35.11 see also specifi c infections cold urticaria and 21.4 syndrome vs 55.30 alopecia areata 66.2 infective otitis externa and 68.26 electromagnetic radiation inducing classifi cation 55.5–6 American trypanosomiasis (Chagas’ infl ammatory dermatoses 35.13–15 release 8.21 crystal-storing 46.17 disease) 35.35 intravenous drug users 35.45–6

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–24.34; Volume 2, pp. 25.1–44.22; Volume 3, pp. 45.1–62.113; Volume 4, pp. 63.1–80.14 Index 49 investigations 35.9 soft-tissue infections 35.24 HLRCC syndrome 2.17, 62.29, 62.69 horses Kaposi’s sarcoma and 56.34 sporotrichosis 35.26 HMB45 10.21, 58.3 alopecia 2.18 leishmaniasis 35.35, 37.43 squamous cell carcinoma 35.39 HNPs (human neutrophil peptides) bullous pemphigoid 2.14–15 leprosy and 32.2, 35.26 Staphylococcus aureus and 30.7, 30.8, 4.5 fungal infections 2.12 lichen planus and 41.12 35.24, 35.45 hoarseness, as a sign of systemic disease hypertrichosis 2.18, 2.19 lipodystrophy syndrome 46.41–3 survival improvements 35.5, 35.6 62.84 melanoma 2.20 long-term non-progressors 35.3, 35.5 syphilis co-infection 34.3, 34.14, 34.23, hobbies photosensitivity 2.23 long-term survivors 35.5 35.25 allergic contact dermatitis and 26.14 pruritic skin disease 2.11 lymphoma 35.41 testing, ‘normalization’ 35.9 disorders associated with 5.6 sarcoids 2.21–2 malakoplakia 35.36 time to AIDS development 35.5 history-taking 5.5 skin infections 2.12 male genital dermatology 71.34, 71.39, tinea corporis/faciei 35.32 hobnail cells 56.29, 56.32, 56.33 Hortaea werneckii 36.8, 36.14 71.40–1, 71.48 toxic epidermal necrolysis and 76.8–9 hobo spider 38.32 Horton’s disease see giant cell arteritis melanoma 35.39–40 transmission 35.5 Hodgkin’s disease 57.63, 62.89–90 hosiery, support/compression 14.20 microsporidiosis 35.35 resistance 35.6 allergic contact dermatitis and 26.9 hosiery workers, occupational hazards molecular epidemiology 35.2–3 sexually transmitted infections and cutaneous 57.63 27.6 molluscum contagiosum 33.11, 35.30–1, 34.1 dyskeratosis congenita 15.79 hospital workers, occupational hazards 35.45, 68.28 side-effects 35.6–7 EBV association 35.41 27.19–20 of eyelids 67.24–5 vertical 35.44 erythroderma and 23.48 host defence mortality 34.2, 35.2 treatment 35.5–8 exfoliative dermatitis 57.63 bacterial infections 30.1–2 MRSA infections 35.24 failure, causes 35.5 hair loss in 66.29 innate 12.5 mucocutaneous involvement 35.1, 35.8 guidelines 35.6 in HIV infection 35.41 see also immunity, innate Mycobacterium avium complex infection initiation 35.6 HPV infections 33.59 role of normal skin fl ora 30.4, 30.5 and 31.7, 35.25–6 see also antiretroviral agents ichthyosis with 19.63 see also immune system; immunity Mycobacterium chelonae infection and tuberculosis and 31.2, 31.7, 31.8, 31.20, pigmentation changes 58.26 host–parasite relationships 30.2 31.7 31.27 pruritus in 21.11, 62.89 hot combing 9.7, 66.46, 66.99 Mycobacterium fortuitum infection and varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection Reed–Sternberg cells 57.29 hot fl ushes/fl ashes see fl ushing 31.7 35.28–39 sarcoidal reaction in 61.23 hot-tubs 28.54–5 Mycobacterium gordonae infection and vasculitis and 50.55 Hoigne reaction 34.23 house-dust mite (HDM) 38.47–8 31.7 vectors 38.24 Holmes–Adie syndrome 44.14 atopic dermatitis and 24.10, 24.31 Mycobacterium kansasii infection and viral infections 35.28–32 holocarboxylase synthetase defi ciency house fl ies 38.6, 38.8 31.7 vitiligo 35.12 59.64 house mouse mite 38.51 Mycobacterium scrofulaceum infection warts 33.59 holocrine glands 42.1 housewives’ dermatitis 23.20–3, 26.15, and 31.7 in women 35.44 holoderma see knuckle pads 27.2, 27.3 Mycobacterium terrae infection and 31.7 genital involvement 71.57, 71.67, holomorph 36.2 housework, occupational hazards 26.14, Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and 71.71 Homans’ procedure 48.25 26.15, 27.2, 27.3, 27.20 31.2, 31.7, 35.25 xerosis 35.11–12 homeopathy 72.32, 75.162 Howel-Evans syndrome 19.94, 19.106, Mycobacterium xenopi infection and 31.7 yaws in 35.25 homeostasis, of skin 3.5–7 19.107, 62.20–1, 62.48 nail involvement 35.41–2, 35.42, 65.16, zoster 33.25, 68.28 homocysteinurias (homocystinurias) HOX gene expression, fi broblasts 3.50 65.23 see also AIDS 45.30, 59.99 Hoyeraal–Hreidarrson syndrome 17.70 natural history 35.5 HIV-wasting syndrome 46.42 hair colour in 66.95 HPS see haemophagocytic neonatal 17.42 hives see urticaria homogentisic acid 73.27 lymphohistiocytosis neoplasms 35.36–41, 35.40 HJMD (congenital hypotrichosis with accumulation in ochronosis 58.54 (haemophagocytic syndrome) see also Kaposi’s sarcoma juvenile macular dystrophy) homogentisic acid oxidase 73.27 HPV see human papillomavirus (HPV) neuropathy associated 63.12 15.33 homologous recombination 11.10–11 HRF 13.4 neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis and HLA-3, in lichen planus 41.2 homologous restriction factor protein HRT see hormone replacement therapy 44.17 HLA-5, in lichen planus 41.2 13.4 HSAN see hereditary sensory autonomic non-AIDS defi ning cancers 35.39 HLA associations 12.13–14, 15.8–9 homosexual men see men who have sex neuropathy oncocerciasis 35.36 adverse drug reactions 72.30, 75.14–15, with men (MSM) HSCT (haematopoietic stem cell onychomycosis 35.33, 35.41 75.100 homozygous genes, defi nitions 15.3–4 transplantation) see under oral manifestations 35.42–4, 69.19, alopecia areata 66.31 honey, in wound treatment 14.21, 73.48 haematopoietic stem cell(s) 69.56, 69.81, 69.97–8, 69.118 Behçet’s disease 50.56, 69.47 honeybees see bees HSP see Henoch–Schönlein purpura ulceration 35.42 chemical-induced scleroderma 45.52 HOOD syndrome 15.8, 15.86–7 HSV see herpes simplex virus (HSV) oropharynx in 35.42–4 erythema multiforme 69.69, 76.2 hookworm disease 22.10, 37.2, 37.14–15, 5-HT see serotonin (5-HT) parvovirus B19 35.31 geographical tongue 69.100 37.16 HTA (Health Technology Assessment pathogenesis 35.4, 35.6 giant cell arteritis 50.43 hordeolum (stye) 67.6, 67.26–7 Database) 7.5 penicilliosis 35.34, 36.88 granuloma annulare 60.1 hormonal therapy, acne see under acne HTLV see human T-lymphotropic perianal/perineal dermatology 71.83, hidradenitis suppurativa 30.80 vulgaris virus(es) (HTLV) 71.94, 71.95, 71.97–9 HIV infection 35.3, 35.4, 35.5 hormone replacement therapy (HRT) 8.19 HTLV-1 see human T-lymphotropic virus periodontal disease 35.43 psoriasis 35.17 complications 8.20 type 1 (HTLV-1) pigmentary disorders 35.12 idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura female genital dermatology and 71.52 HTLV-2 33.64 Pneumocystic carinii pneumonia 35.4–5, 49.10 fl ushing management 8.20 HTLV-3 33.64 35.21, 35.35 lichen planus 41.2 melasma rarity 58.34 HTLV-4 33.64 porphyria cutanea tarda in 35.20 pityriasis rosea 33.78 hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) 46.3 human adjuvant disease, induced by prevention of spread during surgery sarcoidosis 61.3, 61.18 hormones silicone or paraffi n implants 77.7 scabies 38.38 acne aetiology and 42.20–2 51.82 prognostic indicators 35.11 Stevens–Johnson syndrome 76.10–11 allergic contact dermatitis and 26.8 human androgen receptor (HUMARA) progression rates 35.5 toxic epidermal necrolysis 76.10–11 collagen gene expression control 3.39 gene see HUMARA gene protozoal infections 35.35–6 urticaria 22.3 fat and energy metabolism control 46.2 human β-defensins (hBDs) 3.17, 4.5, 13.4, pruritic papular eruption 35.19, 35.45 HLA-B8 40.45 in menopause 8.19 14.5, 36.21 pruritus 21.14, 35.11–12 HLA-CW7 40.45 menstrual cycle 8.8 in acne pathogenesis 42.25 psoriasis 20.4, 35.17–18 HLA-Cw0602, psoriasis in HIV infection pregnancy 8.9–10 human bites 38.61 rapid progressors 35.5 35.17 at puberty 8.4–5 human bocavirus infections 33.62 Reiter’s syndrome 35.17 HLA-DQB1*0301 40.36 sebaceous gland activity and see human botfl y 38.9, 38.10 resistance to infection 35.3 HLA-DQB1*0503 40.3 sebaceous glands human chorionic thyrotrophin (hCT) 8.9 risk of adverse drug reactions 75.6–7 HLA-DR, expressed by dermal horn, cutaneous 52.36, 53.13 Human Fertilization and Embryology rosacea 43.3 dendrocytes 55.4 horn cysts 53.35 Authority 16.8–9 sarcoidosis and 61.6 HLA-DR typing horn fl ies 38.6 Human Genetics Unit (HGU) 15.1 scabies and 35.36 HLA-B8 51.2 Horner’s syndrome 63.22 human genome organization 15.4 crusted (Norwegian) 38.44 HLA-B8 and -DRw3 51.54 hornets 38.14 Human Genome Project 11.1, 15.1 seborrhoeic dermatitis and 23.29, 23.30, systemic sclerosis 51.90 horns (rhino) 2.3 human granulocytic anaplasmosis 30.58 23.32, 35.15–16, 35.45, 36.13, HLA-DR2 40.41 Hornstein–Knickenberg syndrome 53.14, Sweet’s syndrome and 50.76 68.28 HLA-DR3 40.45 53.15, 62.57, 62.69 human herpesvirus 1 (HHV-1) see herpes seroconversion 35.3, 35.8, 35.10 HLA-DRB1*0102 40.17 horse botfl y 38.9, 38.10 simplex virus (HSV), HSV-1 dermatological manifestations 35.10 HLA-DRB1*0402 40.3 horse fl ies 37.11, 38.6, 38.7 human herpesvirus 2 (HHV-2) see herpes sexual transmission 35.2 HLA-DRB1*1401 40.3 horseradish peroxidase 10.15, 10.16 simplex virus (HSV), HSV-2 50 Index human herpesvirus 3 (HHV-3) see HPV-116 35.30 huntsmen spiders 38.32 hypermelanosis treatment 58.38–9 varicella zoster virus (VZV) immunity to 33.42 Huriez syndrome (keratoderma with monobenzylether of 73.27 human herpesvirus 4 (HHV-4) see in immunodefi ciency 17.52, 33.58–9 scleroatrophy) 19.94, 19.99–100 Hydrous Ointment BP 73.7 Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) in immunosuppression 33.58–60 Hurler’s syndrome see hydroxprolinuria, in sarcoidosis 61.20 human herpesvirus 5 (HHV-5) see infection sites 33.38, 33.39 mucopolysaccharidoses 4-hydroxyanisole 73.27 cytomegalovirus (CMV) inverted follicular keratosis and 53.2 Hutchinson–Gilford syndrome see hydroxybenzoates 22.26, 73.8 infections latent infection 33.39, 33.47 progeria see also parabens human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) 33.32–3, in lichen sclerosus 51.116 Hutchinsonian incisors 69.8, 69.78 hydroxycarbamide (hydroxyurea) therapy 62.97 low-risk HPVs 52.5 Hutchinson’s lupus 28.65 47.54–5, 62.86, 74.18 antibodies 33.32, 33.33 non-melanoma skin cancer and 52.5–6, Hutchinson’s melanotic freckle see lentigo adverse effects 75.134–5 clinical features 33.32–3 52.14 maligna lichenoid tissue reaction 41.25 diagnosis and treatment 33.33 occupational infections 33.47 Hutchinson’s sign 33.26, 54.45, 65.39, nail colour changes 65.16, 65.38 pityriasis rosea and 33.79, 33.81 oncogenesis 33.39 65.40, 67.26 pigmentation 58.55 reactivation 33.33 oral cavity 69.118 Hutchinson’s teeth 34.17 ulcer development in sickle cell human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7) 33.33, malignant disease 69.50 Hutchinson’s triad 34.17 anaemia 49.47 62.97 papilloma 69.110–11 HUVS (hypocomplementaemic urticarial dose range and evidence level 74.18 pityriasis rosea and 33.79, 33.81 papillomas and 33.37–8 vasculitis syndrome) 13.22, in myeloproliferative disorders 49.29 human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) 33.33–4, penile cancer and 35.30 22.19, 50.22 in psoriasis 20.36, 74.18 35.36, 56.33 penile intraepithelial neoplasia and HV see hydroa vacciniforme (HV) hydroxychloroquine 13.24, 74.25–6 latent infection 33.34 33.54–5 hyaline bodies 33.11 adverse effects 75.69–70 latent nuclear antigen-1 (LNA-1) 56.36 perianal intraepithelial neoplasia hyaline degeneration 10.38 hypermelanosis 58.30 pityriasis rosea and 33.79 33.54–5 hyalinization, dermal collagen 51.114 ocular 67.31 primary infection 33.34 perianal/perineal dermatology and hyalinizing spindle cell low-grade in discoid lupus erythematosus 51.20 tumour development and 33.34 71.83, 71.94, 71.95, 71.97 fi bromyxoid tumour with giant in pemphigus foliaceus 40.16 human immunodefi ciency virus see HIV persistent infections 33.57 rosettes see sarcoma in SLE 51.61 (human immunodefi ciency in pregnancy 8.11 hyalinosis, systemic in urticarial vasculitis 50.23 virus) prevalence, non-melanoma skin cancers infantile 45.50 25-hydroxycholecalciferol 73.43 human immunoglobulin see and 52.14 juvenile hyaline fi bromatosis 45.49–50, hydroxyethyl starch (HES) 21.15, 75.155 immunoglobulin(s) reactivation, with lichen planus 69.15 pruritus 28.44 human leukocyte antigens, disease treatment 41.18 Hyalomma 38.34 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA), associations see HLA associations replication in keratinocytes 33.37 hyaluronic acid 3.2, 3.46 carcinoid syndrome diagnosis human neutrophil peptides 4.5 squamous cell carcinoma and 33.55, ageing and 80.1 43.19 human papillomavirus (HPV) 33.37–60 52.5, 65.37 dermal fi llers 80.4, 80.5, 80.6 11-hydroxylase defi ciency 62.7 anal carcinoma and 35.30, 35.39 subclinical infection 33.39 dressings 14.24, 63.10 21-hydroxylase defi ciency 62.6–7, 66.83 anogenital intraepithelial neoplasia and tissue culture diffi culties 33.37 functions 3.46, 3.49 partial 42.21 33.54–5, 33.59, 35.30 in transplant recipients 33.59 structure 3.45–6, 3.47 hydroxylysine 3.37, 3.38 antibodies 33.54 trichilemmoma and 53.5 synthesis 3.45–6 hydroxyproline, excretion, collagen Bowenoid papulosis and 33.54–5 tropism for stratifi ed squamous in wound healing 3.49 degradation 3.40 Buschke–Löwenstein tumour and epithelium 33.37 hyaluronic acid derivatives, foreign body hydroxyquinolones 26.18 33.46, 33.55 tumours associated with 33.37, 33.39, reactions 28.47 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 42.10, cervical carcinoma and 33.39, 33.54, 33.54–7 hyaluronidase 38.1, 38.14 42.12, 66.14 35.30 see also specifi c tumour types hydantoin, hypermelanosis due to 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 42.10, cervical infection 33.39 typing 33.37, 33.41, 52.5–6 58.29–30 42.12, 66.14 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and vaccination 33.42 hydatid disease 37.1, 37.3, 37.24–5 hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases 42.3 33.54 vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia and hydralazine, adverse effects 75.96 5-hydroxytryptamine see serotonin (5-HT) clinical conditions by HPV type 33.38 33.54–5 vasculitis 50.17, 50.18 hydroxyurea therapy see diagnosis 33.39 warts 33.39–54, 65.31 hydration, measurement 25.22 hydroxycarbamide DNA 33.37 see also warts hydrazines 25.21 (hydroxyurea) therapy integration into host chromosome human parvovirus B19 see parvovirus B19 hydroa vacciniforme (HV) 29.10, 29.15– hydroxyzine 64.23 33.39, 33.54 human placental lactogen (hPL) 8.9 16, 29.23, 46.32–3 adverse effects 22.29, 75.149 in skin cancers 33.55, 52.6 human secretory-pathway Ca2+/Mn2+- diagnosis 29.23 in urticaria 22.28 E6 and E7 proteins 33.39, 33.42, 52.14 ATPase isoform 1 (hSPCA1) hydrochloric acid Hydrozoa 38.55, 38.56–7 electron microscopy 33.39 39.32 as irritant 25.19, 25.20 hyfrecation, macrocomedones 42.63, in epidermal dysplasia and neoplasia human T-lymphotropic virus(es) (HTLV) neutralization 25.23 42.67 33.37, 33.39, 33.54–7 33.64–6 hydrocoele, in lymphatic fi lariasis hygiene hypothesis 6.17–18, 24.5–6, 24.7 treatment 33.55 HTLV-1 see human T-lymphotropic 37.9–10 Hylesia 38.29 epidermodysplasia verruciformis and virus type 1 (HTLV-1) hydrocolloid dressings 14.23, 47.48 hymen 71.55, 71.56 see epidermodysplasia HTLV-2 33.64 hydrocortisone 73.16 Hymenoptera 38.13–15 verruciformis (EV) HTLV-3 33.64 contact sensitivity due to 73.17 hypersensitivity to 22.8, 38.1, 38.3, expression of signals in keratinocytes HTLV-4 33.64 development 73.16 38.14–15 12.16 human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 in lichen planus 41.18 pheromones 38.2 genital infection 33.39 (HTLV-1) 33.64–6 relative absorption levels 73.4 venom 38.14 in females 71.55, 71.69, 71.70–1, 71.76 adult T-cell leukaemia–lymphoma sebaceous gland activity and 42.11 hyper-IgD syndrome 13.7, 22.25 in males 71.9, 71.20, 71.34, 71.36, (ATLL) and 33.64–6, 57.37–9 see also cortisol vasculitis and 50.53 71.38–46 atopic dermatitis and 24.24 hydrodissection 77.2, 77.34 hyper-IgE syndrome 13.13, 17.76–7 see also wart(s), anogenital clinical features of infections 33.64–5 hydrofi bre dressings 14.23 bacterial infection and 30.8 genotypes 33.37, 33.38 crusted scabies and 38.44 hydrofl uoric acid bone and joint involvement 62.100, in epidermodysplasia verruciformis diagnosis and treatment of infection burns 25.11, 25.23, 27.11, 27.12 62.104 33.57 33.65 as irritant 25.20 differential diagnosis 24.26–7 in Hailey–Hailey disease 39.35 infective dermatitis of children hydrogel dressings 14.23 eczema and 23.27 high-risk HPVs 33.54, 33.55, 52.5 associated 9.12, 23.25 hydrogen peroxide in HIV infection 35.16 in HIV/AIDS 33.59, 35.29–30 myelopathy/tropical spastic as antiseptic 73.14–15 oral involvement 69.33, 69.117 HPV-1 33.37, 33.40, 33.41, 33.43 paraparesis (HAM/TSP) and bleaching hair 66.85, 66.98 hyper-IgM syndrome, X-linked 13.10, HPV-2 33.40, 33.42, 33.47, 33.59 33.64–6 in hair dyes 66.97 13.12, 13.23, 17.50, 17.63–4 HPV-3 33.44 transmission and replication 33.64 in otitis externa 68.25 hyperaemia, management 67.22–3 HPV-4 33.59 HUMARA gene in wound cleansing 14.21 hyperandrogenism 66.20 HPV-6 33.44, 33.47, 33.55, 35.30 Erdheim–Chester disease 55.18 15-hydroperoxyabietic acid 26.79 hyperbaric oxygen therapy see oxygen, HPV-7 33.47 Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis 55.7 hydrophilic lipophilic balance (HLB) hyperbaric therapy HPV-10 33.44 humblebees see bees 73.7 hyperbilirubinaemia 62.64 HPV-11 33.37, 33.44, 33.47, 33.55, 35.30 humectants 26.59, 73.7 hydropic degeneration 10.38, 10.39 phototherapy 58.53 HPV-13 33.47 humidity, role in irritant contact hydroquinone 27.15, 73.26–7 pigmentation in 58.53 HPV-16 33.37, 33.42, 33.54 dermatitis 25.8 abuse for skin lightening 73.26, 73.27 hypercalcaemia 59.68–9 HPV-18 33.54 humoral response, HIV infection 35.3 adverse effects 75.33, 75.164–5 in HTLV-1 infection 33.65 HPV-32 33.47 Hunter’s syndrome see exogenous ochronosis and 73.27 in pseudoxanthoma elasticum 45.23 HPV-57 33.47 mucopolysaccharidoses for freckles 58.11 in sarcoidosis 61.8, 62.71

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–24.34; Volume 2, pp. 25.1–44.22; Volume 3, pp. 45.1–62.113; Volume 4, pp. 63.1–80.14 Index 51

subcutaneous fat necrosis of the type IV 59.91 menstruation and 58.25 type IV (delayed-type) 13.14, 26.25 newborn and 17.36 type V 59.90 in morphoea 58.26 acne pathogenesis 42.25, 42.27 vitamin D causing 73.43 WHO classifi cation 59.83 mucocutaneous 58.12 actinic prurigo 29.14 hypercalciuria, in sarcoidosis 61.8 hypermelanosis see hyperpigmentation in multiple organ failure 58.27 chronic, acne scarring and 42.27 hypercholanaemia, familial 3.25 hyperoxaluria 49.37, 50.54 in Naegeli’s syndrome 58.19 induction phase 29.11 hypercholesterolaemia 59.84, 59.86–8 absorptive 49.37 in Nelson’s syndrome 62.4 polymorphic light eruption 29.9, hypercoagulation, thrombophlebitis primary 49.37 in neoplastic diseases 58.25 29.11 migrans and 47.31 secondary 49.37 in nervous system diseases 58.26 Propionibacterium acnes role/effect hypercorticism see hyperparakeratosis 69.93, 69.94 in neurofi bromatosis 58.23 42.7 Cushing’s syndrome/disease hyperparathyroidism 62.12 in Niemann–Pick disease 58.24 reduced in obesity 8.17 hypercytokinaemia 55.26 calciphylaxis (calcifi c uraemic oral cavity 9.3, 58.12, 69.21–2, 75.47 role of macrophages 13.5 hyperelasticity 4.8 arteriolopathy) 47.8 oral contraceptives and 58.25, 75.33 tests 13.22 hypereosinophilic syndrome 62.41, pruritus and 21.8 palms and soles 9.2, 9.3 types 26.5 62.87–8 secondary/tertiary, in calciphylaxis paraneoplastic 62.33, 62.34 types 26.5 differential diagnosis 24.27 49.47 in pellagra 58.28 hypersplenism, in sarcoidosis 61.7 eosinophilic vasculitis and 50.27 hyperphenylalaninaemia syndromes periorbital 58.19 hypertelorism 67.4 oral involvement 69.59 59.94–6 persistent post-infl ammatory, in acne hypertension vasculitis and 50.53 non-PKU 59.96 42.33 raised leptin levels and 46.7 hyperferritinaemia 49.6 see also phenylketonuria (PKU) in Peutz–Jeghers syndrome 58.12 in SLE 51.43 hypergammaglobulinaemia 49.19 hyperpigmentation 58.9, 58.10–39 in phaeochromocytoma 58.25 in Takayasu’s arteritis 50.45 hyperglucagonaemia 62.66–7 acquired 58.38 photodynamic and phototoxic reactions venous 23.35–6 hyperglycaemia, in congenital generalized in acromegaly 62.2 58.32 venous leg ulcers and 47.43 lipodystrophy 46.37 in acromelanosis 58.21 in pityriasis versicolor 36.11 hypertensive ulcers 47.52–4 hypergranulosis 10.39 ACTH administration and 58.25 post-infl ammatory 5.16–17, 9.4, 9.5, hyperthyroidism 62.7–10 hyperhidrosis 44.7–13 in actinic lichen planus 41.12–13 26.26, 58.7, 58.29, 58.30–1, 58.35, fl ushing associated 43.16 in adolescence 8.7 in Addison’s disease 58.7, 58.24, 62.5–6 71.2–3 hair in 66.28, 66.78 asymmetrical 44.8–9 aetiology 9.4, 25.2 treatment 73.26, 73.27 hyperpigmentation in 58.24–5 axillary 44.7–8, 44.12, 77.36–7 in amyloidosis 58.28 in pregnancy 58.25 pruritus in 21.11 compensatory 44.9, 44.12, 44.13–14 in anaemia 58.27 in primary biliary cirrhosis 58.28 sarcoidosis and 61.17 craniofacial 44.7–8, 44.9, 44.11 anogenital 71.2–3 progressive cribriform and zosteriform sweating in 44.7 emotional 44.7–8, 44.9 in Becker’s syndrome 58.21 18.18 hypertrichosis 66.75–80 fl ushing and 43.15 in Cantú’s syndrome 58.20 in prurigo pigmentosa 23.44–5 acquired generalized 66.77–9 following spinal cord injury 63.17 in carcinoid syndrome 58.25 in renal failure 58.27, 62.72 acquired localized 66.79–80 generalized 44.7 in Carney complex 69.28 reticulate in Berardinelli’s syndrome 66.76 gustatory 44.10–11, 63.22–3 in chronic venous insuffi ciency 47.33 acropigmentation 58.21–2 congenital 71.84 idiopathic circumscribed 44.9, 44.11 in contact dermatitis 26.26 poikiloderma of Civatte 58.35 congenital generalized 66.75–7 inguinal 71.6 in Cronkhite–Canada syndrome 58.13 zosteriform 58.22–3 lipodystrophy 46.37 localized 44.8–9 in Cushing’s syndrome 58.24 in rheumatoid arthritis 58.26 congenital localized 66.77 mechanical injury 28.30 cutaneous lesion associated 58.38 in sarcoidosis 61.14 congenital macrogingivae and 66.76 nail–patella syndrome and 44.8 in dermatomyositis 58.27 in scleroderma 58.26 in Cornelia de Lange syndrome 66.76 olfactory 44.10 in dermatopathia pigmentosa in SLE 58.27 defi nition 66.75 palmoplantar 44.7–8, 77.37 reticularis 58.20 in Still’s disease 58.26 dermatomyositis and 66.78 palmoplantar keratoderma and 19.95, differential diagnosis 58.38 in systemic disorders 58.25–9 drug-induced 66.79, 75.45 44.8 diffuse progressive, in mycosis in systemic sclerosis 58.26 minoxidil 73.49, 73.50 paraneoplastic 62.35–6 fungoides 58.26 tanning see tanning in eating disorders 66.78 in syringomyelia 63.14 in disseminated superfi cial ‘actinic’ treatment 58.38–9 with epidermolysis bullosa 66.78 treatment 44.10, 44.11–13, 73.9, 77.36–7 porokeratosis 52.35 acquired hypomelanosis due to 58.50 equine 2.18, 2.19 hyperhomocysteinaemia 50.54 drug-induced 58.29–30, 75.28, 75.32–3, retinoic acid 73.36 external auditory canal/meatus 68.18, Hypericum perforatum 72.29, 75.160, 75.162 75.52–3 urticaria pigmentosa with 58.38 68.21 hyperimmunoglobulin D and periodic in dyskeratosis congenita 58.21 in Vagabond’s disease 58.28–9 in fetal alcohol syndrome 66.77 fever syndrome 62.104 in endocrine diseases 58.24–5 in vitamin A defi ciency 58.28 in hyperthyroidism 66.78 hyperinsulinaemia 46.7 ephelides see freckles in Werner’s syndrome 58.23 in hypothyroidism 66.78 acne aetiology and 42.20–1, 42.34 facial 58.12, 58.25, 58.34–8 in xeroderma pigmentosum 58.24 iatrogenic 66.79 hyperirritable skin 27.11 management 73.28 see also melanosis; pigmentation laser therapy 78.12–13 hyperkeratosis see also melasma hyperpituitarism 62.2 lumbosacral 66.77 actinic keratosis 52.30 familial progressive 58.19 sweating in 44.7 in malnutrition 66.78 in dermatophytosis 36.22 in Fanconi’s anaemia 58.17 hyperplasia in mucopolysaccharidoses 66.76 disseminated superfi cial ‘actinic’ female genital dermatology 71.79–80 intravascular papillary endothelial naevoid 66.77 porokeratosis 52.35 following chemical peel 80.9 69.102 pinna 68.1, 68.2, 68.5 in eczema 23.4 following cryosurgery 77.40 mechanical injury 28.11 see also ear(s), hairy epidermolytic 10.39–40, 42.78 in Gaucher’s disease 58.24 sebaceous gland, female genital in porphyria 66.79 follicular 10.40, 42.74 generalized, in HIV infection 35.12 dermatology 71.55 in pregnancy 8.10 histopathology 10.39–40 genetic causes 58.9, 58.38 squamous, male genital dermatology in spinal dysraphism 63.15 mechanical injury 28.11, 28.14, 28.15, gingival 69.13 71.37 in trisomy 18 66.77 28.24, 28.28 in haemochromatosis 58.28 UVR-induced 29.5 universal 66.76 nipple and areola 19.93, 70.8–9 hands and feet, acromelanosis 58.21 verrucous, mechanical injury 28.28 in Winchester syndrome 66.76 oil 27.16 hereditary disorders with 58.19 hyperprolactinaemia 66.83 see also hirsutism palmar 26.29 in HIV infection 35.12 acne 42.12 hypertrichosis and dental defects 15.42 palmoplantar, in dermatopathia in hyperthyroidism 58.24, 62.8 hyperpyrexia hypertrichosis lanuginosa 66.75–6 pigmentosa reticularis 58.20 hypomelanosis occurring with 58.31, in anhidrosis 44.13 acquired 66.77–8 subungual 51.12, 65.12, 65.15, 65.24 58.33 in HSAN V 63.19 paraneoplastic 62.35 in syphilis 34.11 incontinentia pigmenti see incontinentia hypersensitivity angiitis 50.4, 50.13–17 hypertriglyceridaemia(s) 59.84 in viral warts 33.41, 33.42 pigmenti (IP) hypersensitivity reactions in congenital generalized lipodystrophy hyperkeratosis follicularis et interscapular skin 58.31 in animals, comparison with humans 46.37 parafollicularis in cutem lentigines see lentiginosis 2.21 see also hyperlipoproteinaemias penetrans see perforating lichen planus 41.13 classifi cation 13.12, 13.14 hypertrophic osteoarthropathy 15.87, collagenosis (folliculitis) in liver disease 62.64 tattoos 28.48 15.88–9 hyperkeratosis lenticularis perstans in lymphomas 58.26 type I (immediate) hypertrophic scarring, burns 28.84, (Flegel’s disease) 10.39, 19.89–90 in malabsorption syndromes 58.28 in atopic eye disease 67.15 28.88–9 hyperkeratotic psoriasis 15.11 in McCune–Albright syndrome 58.18 see also allergy hyperviscosity disorders, purpura in 49.4, hyperlipoproteinaemias mechanical injury 28.15, 28.28, 28.31 type II 13.14 49.5 Fredrickson classifi cation 59.83 in megaloblastic anaemia 62.85 type III (immune complex) 13.14 hyphae 36.2, 36.3 HIV lipodystrophy 46.42 melasma-like 58.34 urticaria as 22.18 aerial 36.9 type I 59.90 in Mendes da Costa–van der Valk urticarial vasculitis as 50.22 extrapilary 36.20 type III 59.88–9 syndrome 58.20 in viral infections 33.3 Hyphomycetes 36.4 52 Index hypnosis 64.54 hypermelanosis occurring with 58.31, icatibant 22.21, 22.22 idiopathic facial aseptic granuloma 43.14 for surgical procedures 77.11 58.33 ICDRG (International Contact Dermatitis idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis 58.52 wart treatment 33.50 idiopathic guttate 9.11, 58.52 Research Group) 26.2 idiopathic lipogranuloma, male genital hypnotics 75.80–2 in infl ammatory disorders 58.52 ICE (IL-1alpha converting enzyme) 12.43, dermatology 71.50 hypoadrenalism see Addison’s disease of Ito 58.45, 62.100 12.49 idiopathic midline destructive disease hypoalbuminaemia, in erythroderma in liver disease 62.64 ‘ice-pick’ marks 52.8 69.58 23.49 male genital dermatology 71.49 ice provocation test 27.17 idiopathic multiple pigmented sarcoma hypocalcaemia 62.12 in mycosis fungoides 9.7 ICE syndrome 19.61 see Kaposi’s sarcoma hypochlorous acid 13.4 in napkin dermatitis 17.25 ICF syndrome 17.65 idiopathic nodular panniculitis 46.13–14 hypochondriasis 64.12 occupational 27.1, 27.15 ichthammol (Ichthyol) 73.42 idiopathic sclerosing lipogranuloma hypocomplementaemia in onchocerciasis 37.5–6 in eczema 23.38 46.29, 46.30 partial lipoatrophy and 46.39 paraneoplastic 62.34 ichthyoses, congenital 19.3–63 idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in urticarial vasculitis 22.18, 22.19, in pityriasis versicolor 36.11 bullous ichthyosiform erythroderma (ITP) 49.1, 49.9–11 50.22 post-infl ammatory 9.5–6, 26.26, 58.51–2, 19.3, 19.29–34 drug-induced 49.9 hypocomplementaemic urticarial 71.2–3 see also bullous ichthyosiform in pregnancy 49.12 vasculitis syndrome (HUVS) in sarcoidosis 61.14 erythroderma (BIE) remission and treatment 49.10 13.22, 22.19, 50.22 hypopituitarism 62.2–3 CHILD syndrome 18.27, 19.3, 19.57–8 viral infection associated 49.9, 49.10 hypocorticism see Addison’s disease in sarcoidosis 61.7 CHIME syndrome 19.60 idoxuridine 73.15 Hypoderma 38.9, 38.10 hypoplasminogenaemia 69.15, 69.59 collodion babies 17.19–21, 19.13–17, action 74.49 hypodermatitis sclerodermaformis hypoproteinaemia 66.29 59.39 adverse effects 26.46, 75.66 46.30–1 venous leg ulcers 47.43 Conradi–Hünermann–Happle orf 33.9 hypodontia 69.6, 69.7 hypopyon 67.4 syndrome 16.3, 19.3, 19.49–52 topical, herpes simplex 33.21 nail dysgenesis with 69.6 hypopyon ulcers 67.9 harlequin 19.25–9 IFAP syndrome 15.45 taurodontism and sparse hair with hyposensitization HID syndrome 19.36, 19.37, 19.54–7 Ig see immunoglobulin(s) 69.10 adverse effects 75.140–1 IBIDS/PIBIDS syndrome 19.47–9 IGF-1 see insulin-like growth factor-1 hypogammaglobulinaemia in allergic contact dermatitis 26.102 ichthyosis bullosa of Siemens 19.3, (IGF-1) echovirus infections and 33.73 hyposteatosis 23.6 19.34–5 IGF-2, sebaceous gland activity and 42.11 eczema and 23.27 hypotension, pressure ulcers 28.18 ichthyosis follicularis with alopecia and Iggo discs 3.16 hypoglossal palsy 69.6 hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) photophobia 19.58–9, 19.60 ileostomy see stoma hypoglycaemia, sweating in 44.7 axis 64.8, 64.9 ichthyosis hystrix 19.3, 19.35–7, 19.99 ileoumbilical fi stula 71.100 hypogonadism 8.5 hypothalamo–pituitary–gonadal axis ichthyosis vulgaris 19.6–9 iliac compression syndrome 47.32 delayed puberty 8.6 normal 8.4 KID syndrome 19.54–7, 19.60 iliac thrombosis 47.28 genetics 15.81 premature puberty 8.5 lamellar 19.3, 19.21–5 iloprost 14.24, 47.6 hypohidrosis 44.13–15 hypothenar hammer syndrome 28.26, multiple sulphatase defi ciency 19.13 ILVEN (infl ammatory linear verrucous hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) 28.56, 50.54 Netherton’s syndrome 19.3, 19.37–42 epidermal naevus) 18.19–21, 15.28, 15.43 hypothermia, erythroderma and 23.49 see also Netherton’s syndrome (NS) 20.17 deafness and 15.44 hypothyreosis erythema migrans 62.106 Neu–Laxova syndrome 19.59–60 imatinib 66.94, 75.132 differential diagnosis 15.81 hypothyroidism 62.10–12 neutral lipid storage disease with imidazoles in dogs 2.18, 2.20 candidiasis and 36.58, 36.65 19.52–4 adverse effects 26.46 hypothyroidism and agenesis of the hair loss in 62.10, 66.28, 66.29 non-bullous ichthyosiform in candidiasis 36.68, 36.69 corpus callosum and 15.44 in animals 2.18 erythroderma 19.17–21 corticosteroids with 73.12 hypothyroidism and ciliary dyskinesia hypertrichosis in 66.78 Refsum’s disease 19.3, 19.45–7 in dermatophytosis 36.47, 36.48, 36.49 and 15.44 palmoplantar keratoderma with Sjögren–Larsson syndrome 16.3, 19.3, in otitis externa 68.25 immune defi ciency, osteopetrosis and myxoedema 19.118 19.42–5 topical 73.12 lymphoedema with 15.44, 15.60 pruritus in 21.11 sporadic genetic syndromes with imidazolidinyl urea 26.50, 26.51–2 immune defi ciency and 15.43, 15.60 sarcoidosis and 61.17 19.60–3 iminodipeptiduria 47.54 mutations in TNF-like/NF-kB thermal injury 28.72–3 X-linked recessive 19.3, 19.9–13 imipenem 74.40 signalling pathways 15.58–60 hypotrichosis ichthyosis imipramine 64.51, 75.33, 75.79 papillomas and acanthosis nigricans congenital 66.60–1 acquired (late-onset) 19.63–5, 62.32 imiquimod with 15.44 disorders of amino acid metabolism anhidrosis and 44.13 adverse effects 75.147–8 hypomagnesaemia, familial 3.25 and 66.61 autosomal dominant, genetics 15.5 lip ulceration 54.43 hypomastia 70.2, 70.3 eyelid cysts and hypodontia with 66.61 congenital see ichthyoses, congenital in basal cell carcinoma in HIV infection hypomelanosis see hypopigmentation hypomelia–hypotrichosis–facial (above) 35.39–40 hypomelanosis of Ito 58.45, 62.100 haemangioma syndrome 66.61 harlequin 11.13, 17.20 in Bowen’s disease 52.34 hypomelanotic macules of tuberous keratosis pilaris with 66.60 prenatal diagnosis 16.3, 16.6, 16.7 in granuloma annulare 60.10 sclerosis 58.44 lentiginosis and 66.60–1 in HIV infection 35.11–12 in infantile haemangioma 18.52 hypomelia–hypotrichosis–facial localized autosomal recessive 66.67 ichthyosiform atrophy 57.63 in lentigo maligna 54.43 haemangioma syndrome 18.70, Marie–Unna hereditary 66.60 lamellar see lamellar ichthyosis (LI) topical therapy 73.24 66.61 resulting from short anagen 66.60 malabsorption 59.58 wart treatment 33.49–50 hyponychium 3.15, 65.2, 65.46 hypotrichosis-osteolysis-periodontitis- X-linked see X-linked ichthyosis immediate pigment darkening (IPD) hypoparathyroidism 62.12 palmoplantar keratoderma ichthyosis bullosa of Siemens 19.3, 19.34–5 58.31 candidiasis and 36.58 syndrome 15.45 ichthyosis follicularis, atrichia and immersion foot 28.64 hypophosphatasia 69.117 hypotrichosis simplex 66.60 photophobia (IFAP) syndrome immigrants, latent syphilis diagnosis hypopigmentation 58.9, 58.39–53 hypotrichosis–lymphoedema– 15.45 34.12 acquired 58.50–3 telangiectasia syndrome 48.10 ichthyosis follicularis with alopecia and immobility acne 42.76 causes 58.51 hypovolaemic shock, burns 28.77 photophobia (IFAP) 19.58–9, immobilization chemical depigmentation 58.50–1 hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl 19.60 lymphoedema and 48.14 in actinic lichen planus 41.12–13 transferase (HGPRT) 59.102, ichthyosis hystrix 19.3, 19.35–7, 19.99 pressure ulcers and 28.18, 28.21 aetiology 9.4, 25.2 74.14 HID (hystrix ichthyosis and deafness) immune complex(es) 26.25 along Blaschko’s lines 58.45 hypoxia-inducible factor-1a 14.6 syndrome 19.36, 19.37, 19.54–7 adverse drug reactions mediated by anogenital 71.2–3 hysteria 64.25–6 of Rheydt 19.37 75.17 in Chédiak–Higashi syndrome 58.41 hystrix-like ichthyosis with deafness ichthyosis linearis circumfl exa (ILC) circulating, viral infections 33.3 in contact dermatitis 26.26, 26.27 (HID) syndrome 15.46 19.37, 19.39, 19.40, 19.41 in cutaneous small vessel vasculitis corticosteroid-induced 73.17 see also Netherton’s syndrome (NS) 50.13 in disseminated superfi cial ‘actinic’ ichthyosis prematurity syndrome in hepatitis B virus infection 62.59 porokeratosis 52.35 I 19.18–19 hypersensitivity see hypersensitivity drug-induced 75.33 I cell disease 59.32 ichthyosis vulgaris 3.8, 4.2, 19.6–9, 24.22 reactions, type III (immune eyelids 67.5 iatrogenic swelling, male genital genetics 15.5 complex) female genital dermatology 71.79 dermatology 71.49–50 skin biopsy 10.42 in leprosy 32.7 following chemical peel 80.9 iatrogenic vaginal discharge 71.53 ichthyotic scale 5.7 pigmented purpuric dermatoses and following cryosurgery 77.40 IBIDS/PIBIDS syndrome 19.47–9 icodextrin 75.99 49.22 following patch/photopatch testing ibuprofen 26.46, 75.74 ICOS (inducible co-stimulator) 13.11 in polyarteritis nodosa 50.33 26.94, 26.95 ibuproxam 26.46 icterus see jaundice role in purpura 49.18 genetic and naevoid disorders 58.39–50 ICAM-1 see intercellular adhesion ‘id’ eruption 47.34 role in vasculitis 22.18, 22.19, 49.18, halo, in halo naevus 58.49–50 molecule-1 idiopathic acquired anhidrosis 44.13 50.4–5, 50.5

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–24.34; Volume 2, pp. 25.1–44.22; Volume 3, pp. 45.1–62.113; Volume 4, pp. 63.1–80.14 Index 53

type II/III cryoglobulins 49.32 immunoadsorption 13.25 structure 17.49 for idiopathic thrombocytopenic vasculitis see vasculitis pemphigus 40.12 superfamily 12.73–5 purpura 49.10 immune-mediated disease immunoblotting 10.18 V domains 17.49 internal malignancy and 62.47 in animals 2.14–16 immunobullous diseases 40.1–62 immunoglobulin A (IgA) 13.7 male genital dermatology and 71.39, see also specifi c diseases desmosomes as autoantigens 3.22, 3.23 adhesion complex 40.46 71.41 immune privilege, alopecia areata and intraepidermal 40.3–24 in atopic dermatitis 24.9–10, 24.12 Merkel cell carcinoma association 53.42 66.32 intraepithelial 67.17 defi ciency 13.7, 17.73, 69.3 molluscum contagiosum and 33.11 immune reconstitution (infl ammatory) mixed 40.49 selective 69.117 mucous membrane pemphigoid and syndrome/immune restoration ocular complications 67.17 in dermatitis herpetiformis 40.59 67.20 disease (IRIS/IRD) 35.46 treatment 67.22–3 dermatosis 40.19–22 non-melanoma skin cancer association immune response subepidermal see subepidermal clinical features 40.4, 40.20 52.11, 52.14 adaptive immunobullous diseases pathogenesis 40.19–20 in ocular features of immunobullous suppression by UVR 29.6 subepithelial 67.17 pathology 40.19 disorders 67.22–3 see also immunity, acquired conjunctivitis 67.20 treatment 40.20 reaction to arthropod bites/stings and ageing and 8.24 immunochemistry 13.16–19 see also linear IgA disease 38.2 in HIV infection 35.3–4 immunocytochemistry, sebaceous glands in Henoch–Schönlein purpura 50.20 in sarcoidosis 61.21 innate 42.3–5 IgA1 13.7 seborrhoeic dermatitis and 23.29 stimulation by UVR 29.6, 29.7 immunocytoma 57.43 IgA2 13.7 squamous cell carcinoma and 52.26–7 see also immunity, innate immunodefi ciency 13.11–12 immune complexes 49.18 systemic 13.27–8, 13.29 modifi ers, topical, non-melanoma skin candidiasis and 17.66–7, 36.59 myeloma 49.13 UV-induced 8.22, 13.26–34, 26.10 cancer 52.17 cellulitis/erysipelas and 30.18 immunoglobulin A (IgA)-mediated reduced by sunscreens 73.41 primary 13.6 classifi cation of disorders 17.51 epidermolysis bullosa acquisita immunosuppressive therapy secondary 13.6 CMV infection in 33.29 40.55 Darier’s disease 19.85 stimulation, molluscum contagiosum diagnosis 17.51–7 immunoglobulin D (IgD) 13.7 Netherton’s syndrome 19.41 therapy 33.13 DNA repair defects and 17.67–70 immunoglobulin E (IgE) 13.7 non-bullous ichthyosiform wound healing and 14.2–4 due to abnormal B-cell development allergen-specifi c 13.16 erythroderma 19.19 immune surveillance 3.18–19 13.8 anti-IgE antibodies 51.104 non-specifi c 74.14–24 altered, malignancy after lymphoedema examination 17.54 in atopic dermatitis 24.3, 24.4, 24.5, pityriasis rubra pilaris 19.79 48.15 genetics 17.51 24.8–9 SLE 51.61 immune system 17.48–51 herpes simplex in 33.15, 33.17, 33.18, in atopic eye disease 67.15 immunotherapy 13.23–6 adaptive 33.20 in contact urticaria 27.5 adverse effects 26.46, 75.138–41 activation 3.18 history-taking 17.51–3 detection of antibodies 5.23–4 alopecia areata 66.37 see also immunity, acquired HPV infections in 17.52, 33.58–9 mast cell activation 3.20 in hand eczema 23.22 ageing and 13.15 infection and 17.54–5 measurement 13.16 Hymenoptera venom 38.15 in atopic dermatitis 24.6–10, 24.13–15 see also specifi c infections receptors 13.5 in latex sensitivity 26.106 defects laboratory investigation 17.54–5 in sweat 44.6 melanoma metastatic to brain 54.55–6 ichthyosis 19.61 mice 2.7–8 synthesis, dysregulation in HIV urticaria 22.29–30 pityriasis rubra pilaris 19.79 non-infectious non-specifi c infection 35.16 Impact of Psoriasis Questionnaire (IPSO) defi ciency see immunodefi ciency manifestations 17.53–4 tests for drug-specifi c antibody 72.20 dynamic nature of 13.6 oral manifestations 69.117 75.173–4 impairment 6.5 hair cycle and 66.11 primary 13.11, 13.12, 13.13 total level 13.16 imperforate hymen 71.56 hygiene hypothesis 24.5–6, 24.7 cutaneous features 17.54 urticaria and 22.7–8 impetiginization, eczematous dermatitis immune surveillance 3.18–19 neonatal disorders 17.48–85 immunoglobulin G (IgG) 13.7 47.34 in infancy and childhood 13.15 warts and HPV infections in 33.59 anticardiolipin antibody, SLE 51.63 impetigo 4.5, 30.14–17 innate (non-adaptive) see immunity, secondary 13.11, 13.12, 13.14 in atopic dermatitis 24.9 bacteriology 30.14 innate short-limbed dwarfi sm and 17.64–5 autoantibodies 40.26, 40.47, 40.52 bullous 30.14 integration of parts 13.2 varicella and zoster in 33.23, 33.24, in bullous pemphigoid 40.30 bacteriology 30.14 interaction with nervous system 63.4 33.25, 33.27 in epidermolysis bullosa acquisita clinical features 30.15 Langerhans’ cells 3.17–18 warning signs 17.55 40.52 desmoglein 1 (Desg1) disruption lichen planus pathogenesis 41.1–2 warts in 17.52, 33.58–9 in mucous membrane pemphigoid 3.22 lymphatic system function 48.6, 48.29 see also specifi c immunodefi ciency disorders 40.36 epidemiology 30.14 malignant disease and 13.15 immunoelectron microscopy 10.18 in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia neonatal 17.42, 30.14 mast cell functions 3.20 immunoenzyme (immunoperoxidase) 49.27 pathology 30.14–15 microbial recognition 12.8–9 methods receptors, IgG–antigen complexes canine 2.11–12 oral cavity 69.3 applications 10.18–28 12.32 clinical features 30.15 psychological effects 64.8–9 techniques 10.15–18 in Sjögren’s syndrome 13.7 complications 30.15–16 skin 2.8, 3.16–19 immunofl uorescence mapping, subclasses 13.7 defi nition 30.14 structure and function 13.1–11 epidermolysis bullosa (EB) immunoglobulin M (IgM) 13.7 differential diagnosis 36.27 suppression see immunosuppression 39.1–2 cold agglutinin-related cutaneous epidemiology 30.14 UVR-induced changes 29.5–6, 52.14 immunofl uorescence methods 13.19 occlusion 49.34 eyelids 67.26 see also immunity applications 10.18–28 immunohistochemistry, melanoma follicular of Bockhart 30.22 immune thrombocytopenic purpura see techniques 10.12–15 54.49 herpes labialis and 69.72, 69.73 idiopathic thrombocytopenic immunofl uorescence microscopy immunological functions of skin 4.1, non-bullous (impetigo contagiosa of purpura (ITP) EB simplex 39.4 4.8–9 Tilbury Fox) 30.14, 30.15 immunity junctional EB 39.10 immunological tolerance 13.29–30, 26.12 pathology 30.14–15 acquired 13.6–11, 17.49–51 immunogenotyping 10.30 immunomodulators 73.31–4, 74.25–30, renal involvement 62.71 adverse drug reactions and 75.17–21 immunoglobulin(s) 13.7 75.136–8 in scabies 38.39 in candidiasis 36.58 absence from dermal–epidermal topical, wart treatment 33.49–50 treatment 30.16, 73.10 components 13.6–7 junction 51.92 immunopathology 10.11–28 impetigo herpetiformis 8.12 disorders 17.57–70 assay 17.56 immunophilins 73.17, 74.18 genitocrural dermatology 71.5 in leprosy 32.3, 32.7 C domains 17.49 immunorestoration, in HIV infection implantable defi brillators 62.79 in sarcoidosis 61.5–6 D (diversity) segment 17.49 35.46 implantation, foreign body reactions tests of 17.56–7 heavy (H) chains 17.49 immunosuppression 28.46–7, 28.50, 28.52 to arthropod bites/stings 38.1 intravenous see intravenous adverse drug reactions and 75.6–7 imprinting, genomic 15.6 innate 3.16–17, 12.5, 13.1–6, 17.48–9 immunoglobulin (IVIg) in atopic dermatitis 21.13 in situ hybridization 11.9 in acne pathogenesis 42.25, 42.26 joining (J) segment 17.49 in atopic eye disease 67.16 incense cedar 26.80 in atopic dermatitis 24.13–14 light (L) chains 17.49 cicatrizing conjunctivitis 67.22–3 INCI (International Nomenclature of cellular components 13.4–6 measurement 13.16–17 cold-induced injury 28.71 Cosmetic Ingredients) 26.24, defects 17.73–82 monoclonal 13.17 crusted scabies and 38.43–4 26.41, 26.48 non-specifi c defence mechanisms patterns 13.17 cutaneous manifestations 75.123–4 incidence 6.11, 6.18 13.1–2 receptors eczema herpeticum and 33.35 defi nition 26.2 soluble factors 13.2–4 FceR1, in atopic dermatitis 24.14 for eyelid diseases 67.5 incisional biopsy, panniculitis 46.11 tests of 17.55–6 FceRIa 22.4 female genital dermatology and 71.64, inclusion bodies in pregnancy 8.11 FceRIb, in atopic dermatitis 24.3 71.69 eosinophilic 10.29 immunization granulomas 28.45 in sarcoidosis 61.5, 61.6 follicle mite infection and 38.53 sarcoidosis 61.4 54 Index incontinentia pigmenti (IP) 15.45, 17.81–2, Infant’s Dermatitis Quality of Life Index non-specifi c post-infl ammatory inherited disorders 48.10, 58.15, 58.15–17, 58.16 (IDQOL) 72.23 pigmentation 58.29 analysis 15.7 aetiology and genetics 58.15 infection(s) phases 12.1–4 defi nition 15.2 alopecia in 66.51 in animals 2.9–13, 2.21 platelets in 12.33 see also specifi c inherited disorders bone and joint involvement 62.100 atopic dermatitis and 24.12–13, 24.24 recurrent episodes (recurrent cellulitis) injury clinical stages and features 58.15–16 Behçet’s disease and 50.56 48.29 mechanical see mechanical injury dental involvement 69.6 bone and joint involvement 62.100, of subcutaneous fat 46.10–11 thermal see thermal injury extra-cutaneous features 58.16, 58.17 62.105 see also panniculitis see also trauma familial male-lethal type 15.45 children 8.3 UVR exposure as cause 29.5 ink-spot lentigo 54.2, 54.5 gene 58.15 cryoglobinulinaemia with 49.32 vasculature and 12.68 innate immunity see immunity, innate genetics 15.6, 15.13 diabetic foot ulcers 47.57–8 wound healing and 14.2–4 inner canthus, radiotherapy 79.9 histopathology 10.41 ear 68.18–28 see also infl ammatory dermatoses; inner root sheath (IRS) 3.13, 66.3, 66.4–5, oral involvement 69.95 exacerbation, corticosteroids associated infl ammatory response; specifi c 66.7 pathology 58.15 73.18 infl ammatory disorders innervation subungual keratotic tumours 65.38 eyes 67.24–8 infl ammatory bowel disease autonomic 63.3–4 treatment 58.16 Henoch–Schönlein purpura and 50.20 ocular involvement 67.25 blood vessels 63.3 incontinentia pigmenti achromians of Ito in HIV infection 35.24–36 TNF antagonists 74.7 immune system and 63.4 58.45 see also individual infections infl ammatory bubo 34.7 motor 77.2 indandiones 75.105 immunodefi ciency and 17.54–5 infl ammatory dermatoses head and neck 77.4–5 indentation tests, mechanical injury 28.5 intrauterine 18.2, 18.102 acitretin therapy 74.36 neurophysiological testing 63.4–5 indentometry 4.11 leg ulcers due to 47.56–7 female genitalia 71.58–65, 71.66 sensory 63.1–3 indeterminate cells 55.3 in lymphoedema 48.12, 48.15, 48.24 genitocrural 71.4–6 head and neck 77.2–4 Indian sandal dermatitis 26.68 prevention 48.22, 48.24 in HIV infection 35.13–15 surgery and 77.2 Indian tick typhus 30.73 microvascular occlusion due to 49.34–6 male genitalia 71.16–29 skin 3.2, 3.12, 3.15–16, 63.1–6 indinavir 75.68–9 neonatal 17.39–48 perianal/perineal 71.84–91 wound healing and 63.4 adverse effects 45.5 panniculitis 46.27–8 in pregnancy 8.13–15 inocoterone 42.16 photosensitivity 35.22 pigmented purpuric dermatoses due to umbilical 71.101 inoculation chagoma 37.32 indirect immunofl uorescence, ocular 49.23 see also specifi c infl ammatory dermatoses inoculation sites, sarcoidosis 61.13 mucous membrane pemphigoid in pregnancy 8.11 infl ammatory linear verrucous epidermal insect(s) 37.2, 38.5–30 67.19 purpura associated 49.20–1 naevus (ILVEN) 18.19–21, 20.17 cuticle 2.2 indium 26.40 respiratory tract 62.80 infl ammatory myxohyaline tumour of the see also arthropods; specifi c insects indometacin (indomethacin) 75.76 risk factors 6.12–13 distal extremities with virocyte insect bite reactions dermatomyositis 51.129 secondary thrombocytopenia due to or Reed–Sternberg-like cells actinic prurigo vs 29.14 isotretinoin interaction 42.65 49.11 56.15 hypersensitivity, in HIV infection inducible co-stimulator 13.11 Sweet’s syndrome and 50.75 infl ammatory response 12.1–2 35.19 infancy and childhood tattoos and 58.58 acute phase (fi rst 6 h) 12.2–3 purpura and bleeding 49.17 acute haemorrhagic oedema of in transplantation recipients 62.74 in basal cell carcinoma 52.21 insect repellents 38.5 childhood/infancy 17.33–4, urticaria and 22.2, 22.8, 22.10, 22.11 chronic phase 12.4 insecticides 38.5 50.30 vasculitis and 50.5–6, 50.49, 50.55–6 exaggerated, complex regional pain insulin adverse drug reactions 75.6 venous leg ulcers 47.44, 47.49 syndrome 47.10, 47.11 adverse effects 75.120 allergic contact dermatitis 26.8–9 see also bacterial infection; fungal in premalignant epithelial lesions 52.29 antagonism by growth hormone 8.1–2 atopic dermatitis 24.19–21 infections; viral infection; specifi c in squamous cell carcinoma 52.25, antibodies 46.35 bacterial skin fl ora 30.4 infections 52.26 cross-reaction 46.35 dermatomyositis 62.99 infection phobias 64.24 to Treponema pallidum 34.4, 34.7 in breast development 70.1 fi brous hamartoma 56.6 infectious mononucleosis vasodilatation 12.4 fat hypertrophy and 46.35 immune system 13.15 acne after 42.79 see also infl ammation functions 46.4 longitudinal melanonychia 65.39 ampicillin reaction 75.15, 75.49 infl ammatory vaginal discharge 71.53–4 lipodystrophy 46.34, 46.35, 59.80 myofi bromatosis 56.9 CMV causing 33.29 infl iximab 13.25, 74.5 in polycystic ovary syndrome 66.82 nails 65.6–7 EBV causing 33.30 adverse effects 75.145 reactions 59.80 ingrowing 65.6–7, 65.53 HHV-6 associated 33.32 chimeric human–murine monoclonal resistance 8.17, 46.4, 46.6, 66.82 nomenclature 17.1 infective eczematoid dermatitis 68.19 antibody 12.42, 74.5 acanthosis nigricans and 59.78 periodontitis 69.18 infective vaginal discharge 71.53 clinical indications 74.6 acne and 42.73 psoriasis 17.31–2 infertility, sexually transmitted diseases in cutaneous small vessel vasculitis in dyslipidaemias 59.92 sarcoidosis 61.16 causing 34.1 50.16 in HIV lipodystrophy 46.42 scabies 38.39–40, 38.42 infl ammasome NALP-3 12.4 dose range and evidence level 74.6 sensitivity 46.4 seborrhoeic dermatitis 17.28–31, 23.29, infl ammation 12.1–77 in granuloma annulare 60.11 insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) 23.34, 24.22, 24.26 acne pathogenesis 42.24, 42.25–6 in pemphigus 40.6, 40.12 growth and 8.2 subcutaneous fat necrosis following topical drugs affecting 42.40 in psoriasis 20.41, 72.14, 74.5 hair growth and 66.10 hypothermic cardiac surgery adiponectin action 46.4 in HIV infection 35.17 in hyperpituitarism 62.2 17.37–8 cell apoptosis and 12.11–12 in pyoderma gangrenosum 50.72 sebaceous gland activity and 42.11 Sweet’s syndrome 50.63 cellular components 12.14–15 in sarcoidosis 61.21 insulin-like growth factor-2 (IGF-2), urticaria 22.6–7 clinical features 12.2–5 infl uenza viruses 33.75 sebaceous gland activity and wound healing 14.2 cryopyrin-associated autoinfl ammatory information technology, prescribing 42.11 see also children; infant(s) syndromes 74.11 pathway 72.26 insulinoma 62.67–8 infant(s) drug absorption increase 73.4 infraorbital nerve 77.2, 77.4, 77.10 fl ushing association 43.16 epidermolysis bullosa (EB) histopathological features 12.3 infrared coagulation 77.47 integrins 3.2, 12.68–70, 13.9 Herlitz junctional 39.12 hypermelanosis after 58.29, 58.30–1 nail unit 65.48 α5-β5 pathways 51.65 management 39.27–8 hypomelanosis and 58.51–2 wart treatment 33.49 α6β4 3.6, 3.28, 3.30, 3.31, 39.11 epidermolysis bullosa (EB) simplex lipoatrophia semicircularis and infrared radiation functions 3.30 Dowling–Meara form 39.7 46.36 erythema ab igne 28.72–3 reduced expression in junctional EB generalized 39.6 lymphoedema and 48.8, 48.12–13 experimental effects 28.72 with pyloric stenosis 39.11 normal bacterial skin fl ora 30.4 major histocompatibility complex and heat-associated carcinomas 28.73 avidity 12.70 skin and skin disease 8.1–4 12.13 thermal injury 28.71–4 basal cell–basement-membrane topical therapy mechanical injury 28.31 infundibular crystalline folliculitis, interface 12.69 corticosteroid adverse effects mediators of 12.33–67 necrotizing 19.89 β-integrins 13.3 73.20 acute-phase proteins 12.34 infundibulofolliculitis, disseminate and β4, in junctional EB 39.10 quantities 73.3, 73.4 keratinocytes 12.15–17 recurrent 9.4, 19.76, 30.28 cell binding of laminins via 3.28, 3.30, see also infancy and childhood lysosomal 12.53 infundibuloma (dilated pore) 53.3 3.32 infantile acne 42.75–6 in pigmentation regulation ingrowing nails see nail(s), ingrowing knockout mice studies 12.69 infantile gluteal granuloma 17.27–8, 58.7 inguinal hyperhidrosis 71.6 leukocyte cell adhesion molecule 71.91, 73.18 tumour necrosis factor 74.5 inguinal lymph node dissection (ILND) (LEUCAM) subfamily 12.70 infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, UVR-induced damage and 29.5 48.8 leukocyte rolling 12.74 prenatal diagnosis 16.3 see also specifi c mediators inguinal syndrome, lymphogranuloma platelet-specifi c, glycoprotein 11b–111a infantile Refsum’s disease 19.46 neurogenic 63.2 venereum 30.71, 34.33 (GP11b–111a) 12.32 infantilism 8.3 atopic dermatitis 12.63 inhaled drugs 72.27 very late antigens of activation 12.69

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–24.34; Volume 2, pp. 25.1–44.22; Volume 3, pp. 45.1–62.113; Volume 4, pp. 63.1–80.14 Index 55

in wound healing 12.69, 14.3, 14.4–5, comedogenesis in acne and 42.24 International Statistical Classifi cation of hypersensitivity 73.15 14.6 hair growth and 66.11 Mental and Behavioural toxicity 73.15 intense pulsed light source (IPLS) therapy as infl ammatory mediator 42.25 Disorders (ICD-10) 64.11, 64.21 use in neonates 17.2 see under laser therapy skin barrier function and 25.3 Internet, as resource for Münchausen iodine releasing agents, as antiseptic intensive care, mechanical injury 28.39 interleukin-1α (IL-1α) converting enzyme patient 64.44 73.15 intent-to-treat design 7.7 (ICE) 12.43, 12.49 interpapillary ridges, actinic keratosis iodism 75.152 intention-to-treat analysis 7.11 interleukin-2 (IL-2) 12.35–6, 17.49 52.30–1 iododerma 75.21, 75.152 inter-quartile range 7.17, 7.18 in idiopathic thrombocytopenic interpersonal counselling 64.53 iodophores 73.15 intercellular adhesion junctions see purpura 49.10 interpersonal psychotherapy 64.53 iodopropynyl butyl carbamate 26.58 adherens junctions in leprosy 32.7 interphalangeal joints, fi broblastic ionizing radiation 79.1 intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM- pruritus and 21.5 rheumatism 51.133 damage to ears 68.11 1) 8.21, 49.22 in sarcoidosis 61.5 interscapular skin, hypermelanosis 58.31 naevi due to 18.2 ageing and 8.21 stress and 64.9 interstitial fl uid squamous cell carcinoma associated effects of UV radiation on 13.28 therapy 13.25 excess 48.7, 48.7, 48.8 with HPV and 33.55 in lichen planus 41.2 adverse effects 75.144 see also lymphoedema; oedema treatment modalities see radiotherapy in polymorphic light eruption 29.11 intralesional 77.49 lymphatic drainage 48.5–6 iontophoresis in sarcoidosis 61.20 lobular panniculitis at injection site pressure 48.8 in epidermolysis bullosa simplex 39.31 intercellular IgA dermatosis 40.19–22 46.14 reabsorption 48.5, 48.7 in hyperhidrosis 44.11 interdigital keratoderma 19.115–16 melanoma 54.54 interstitial granulomatous dermatitis IP see incontinentia pigmenti (IP) interdigitating dendritic cell sarcoma vitamin D action 73.43 51.131, 62.103–4 IP-10 14.3 55.31 interleukin-3 (IL-3) 12.36 intertrigo IPD (intermediate pigment darkening) interdigitating reticulum cells 3.17, 55.3, adverse effects 75.144 acute erosive genitocrural, HIV 58.10 55.4 interleukin-4 (IL-4) 12.36, 13.5–6 infection 35.10 IPEX syndrome 13.11, 13.15, 17.67, 24.7, interference, colours in animals and 2.5 adverse effects 75.144 anogenital 71.2–3 62.13 interferon(s) 12.41 receptor 24.4 Candida 36.61, 36.64, 36.68 ipilumamab, melanoma management adverse effects, allergic contact in tuberculosis 31.4–5 differential diagnosis 36.33 54.54 dermatitis 26.46 interleukin-5 (IL-5) 12.36 genitocrural 71.4–5, 71.7 iPLEDGE, isotretinoin use 42.60 interactions 72.29 interleukin-6 (IL-6) 12.36 sports injury 28.31 iproniazid 75.79 receptors, in tuberculosis 31.4 adverse effects 75.144 streptococcal 30.33 iridiophores 2.5 therapy, warts 33.49 electromagnetic radiation and 8.21 submammary 70.3 iridium 26.40 type I in lichen planus 41.1 intervention studies 6.19 iridocyclitis 61.6, 61.7 cells producing 41.1 interleukin-7 (IL-7), thymic stromal intestinal bypass arthritis–dermatitis iris in lichen planus 41.1 lymphopoietin (TSLP) and 12.36 syndrome 44.20, 50.87–8, 62.51, hamartomas 58.23 interferon-alpha (IFN-α) therapy 13.25 interleukin-8 (IL-8) 12.36–7, 12.46, 13.4 62.53 lesions 76.1, 76.6, 76.7 adverse effects 75.142–3 in acne pathogenesis 42.25 intestinal lymphangiectasia 48.27–8 in sarcoidosis 61.7 sarcoidosis 61.3 in pyoderma gangrenosum 50.65 intolerance reactions 22.8 iris (plant) 25.21 carcinoid syndrome 43.19 synthesis, animal model 2.8 intra-abdominal pressure 8.17 iroko 26.81 cryoglobulinaemic vasculitis 50.25 in vasculitis 50.10 intracranial pressure, raised 54.11 iron hepatitis C 33.62 vitamin D action 73.43 antibiotics causing 67.31 adverse effects 75.101 HTLV-1 infection 33.65 interleukin-9 (IL-9) 12.36–7 intraepidermal bullous diseases 40.3–24 defi ciency 59.70–1, 62.48, 62.85 infantile haemangioma 18.50–1 interleukin-10 (IL-10) 12.37, 12.44, 20.42 intraepidermal carcinoma, of eyelid chronic diffuse telogen effl uvium and intralesional 77.49 stress and 64.9 margin 52.37 66.28 warts 33.49 in UV-induced immunosuppression intraepidermal neutrophilic IgA differential diagnosis 40.50 Kasabach–Merritt syndrome/ 13.31, 52.14 dermatosis 50.62, 62.49 hair colour change in 66.94 phenomenon 18.57 vitamin D action 73.43 intralesional corticosteroids, adverse oral involvement 69.56, 69.85–6, mastocytosis 22.36 interleukin-11 (IL-11) 12.37 effects 28.46 69.116 melanoma 54.53–4 interleukin-12 (IL-12) 12.37, 17.49 intramuscular injections, complications pruritus in 21.10 orf 33.9 receptor 13.5 75.155–6 restless legs syndrome and 63.24 squamous cell carcinoma 52.28 tuberculosis and 31.4 intraocular pressure, elevated 73.19 wound healing and 14.18 interferon-beta (IFN-β) therapy, in UV-induced immunosuppression intrapartum injuries, mechanical injury disorders, restless legs syndrome 47.12 intralesional, warts 33.49 13.31, 52.14 28.39 intoxication 59.71 interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) 17.49 interleukin-13 (IL-13) 12.37, 13.5–6 intrauterine contraceptive devices 75.118 metabolism 59.70 defects in IL-12-dependent pathway in tuberculosis 31.4 intrauterine programming and atopic overload 59.71 17.81 interleukin-14 (IL-14) 12.37 dermatitis 24.5 pigment, in skin 58.53 epitope, Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis interleukin-15 (IL-15) 12.37 intravascular large B-cell lymphoma supplements, in dystrophic EB 39.29 cells 55.8 interleukin-16 (IL-16) 12.37 57.50–1 iron salt tattoos 58.57 in leprosy 32.7 interleukin-18 (IL-18), in atopic eczema intravascular papillary endothelial irradiance 29.1 in lichen planus 41.1 and eczema herpeticum 33.35 hyperplasia 56.23–4, 69.102 spectral 29.3 receptor 13.5 interleukin-18 (IL-18) receptor antagonist intravascular pressure, raised, purpura total 29.2 release assays 31.6 (IL-18RA) 12.43 due to 49.14 irradiation monochromator 29.2 therapy 13.25 interleukin-31 (IL-31), in atopic dermatitis intravenous drug abuse, mechanical irritant contact dermatitis 25.1–26 adverse effects 75.142–3 21.5, 24.18 injury 28.45, 28.52–3 acute 25.1, 25.11–12 granuloma annulare 60.10 intermediate fi laments 3.9 intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) after arthropod bites/stings 38.2 in vasculitis 50.4, 50.6 endothelial cells 3.51 13.25, 74.11 clinical features 25.11–19 in wound healing 14.3 genes and mutations 3.9 adverse effects 75.138 to cosmetics 25.15 interferon-inducible protein 10 (CXCL10, see also keratin intermediate fi laments in idiopathic thrombocytopenic cumulative (chronic) 25.1, 25.5, 25.12– IP-10) 12.46 intermediate pigment darkening (IPD) purpura 49.10 13, 25.14, 25.15 interleukin(s) 12.35–40 58.10 in Kawasaki disease 30.79, 50.46 delayed 25.12 anti-IL12/23 74.10 intermittent claudication 47.2, 47.7 in pemphigus 40.12 differentiation from allergic contact IL-17 to IL-35 12.38 internal mechanical injury 28.60–2 rituximab and 74.9 dermatitis 25.6, 26.87–8 see also specifi c interleukins internalin A 30.42 in toxic epidermal necrolysis 76.20 ear 68.14 interleukin-1 (IL-1) 12.35, 13.5, 64.9 International Agency for Research on in urticaria 22.30 epidemiology 25.1–2 adverse effects 75.144 Cancer (IARC), vitamin D, intravenous infusion, complications eyelids 25.13, 25.15 electromagnetic radiation and 8.21 sunlight and cancer 29.6 75.154 female genitalia 71.58 receptor activation, UV radiation 8.21 International Contact Dermatitis Research introital narrowing 71.57, 71.62 friction and 25.17 in sarcoidosis 61.5 Group 26.2 intron 11.3 hand 25.2, 25.13, 25.14, 25.15, 25.24 sebocytes expressing 42.4–5 International Foundation for Dermatology inverse pattern psoriasis 71.18 histology 25.4–5 specifi c blocking agent 12.43 6.16 invertebrates, ectoderm, exoskeleton and history 25.1 in vasculitis 50.4, 50.6 International Nomenclature of Cosmetic cuticle 2.1–2 immunopathology 25.5 in wound healing 14.3 Ingredients 26.24, 26.41, 26.48 involucrin 3.1, 3.8, 3.10, 4.2 investigations 25.21–2 interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor antagonist international normalized ratio (INR) iodides 44.18 male genitalia 71.17 (IL-1RA) 12.43, 74.11 47.29, 49.13 acneiform eruption due to 42.73 management 25.23, 25.24 in vasculitis 50.10 International Nosology of Heritable iodine mechanical 25.17–18, 28.13, 28.22 interleukin-1α (IL-1α) 12.43 Disorders of Connective Tissue adverse effects 75.152, 75.165 models 25.9–10 in acne aetiology 42.25, 42.26 45.32 as antiseptic 73.15 nail involvement 65.28–9 56 Index

neonatal 17.22–8 ocular 67.31 IVIg see intravenous immunoglobulin juvenile acne 42.75–6 occupational 25.13, 25.14, 27.4, 27.5–7 questionnaire on 42.63 (IVIg) juvenile chronic myeloid leukaemia 15.20 pathogenesis 25.2–3 systemic 42.64 Ixodes 30.58, 30.64, 30.73, 38.34, 38.35, juvenile dermatitis herpetiformis/ pathology 25.3–6 apoptosis of sebocytes 42.15 62.106 pemphigoid see linear IgA phototoxicity and 25.17 in cellulitis 74.34 Ixodidae 38.33–5 disease physical 27.6–7 in chloracne 27.14 juvenile dermatomyositis 51.126 predisposing factors 25.6–10 clinical indications 74.34 juvenile myelomonocytic leukaemia prevention 25.24–5, 25.26 dose range and evidence level 74.35 J (JMML) 15.14–15, 15.20 prognosis 25.26 effect on sebum composition/synthesis jacaranda 26.81 juvenile onset ischaemic dermatopathy, in site and vulnerability 25.7 42.6 Jackson–Lawler syndrome (pachyonychia dogs 2.15 volatile/airborne 25.15 effects in sebocyte culture 42.58 congenita type 2) 15.49, 19.3, juvenile plantar dermatosis 23.26 see also burns, chemical European Directive on use 42.59, 42.60 19.94, 19.103–4, 42.88, 65.20 mechanical injury and 28.14 irritants 6.12, 25.14, 25.19–21 in folliculitis decalvans 42.74 Jacob’s disease 69.40 juvenile rheumatoid arthritis 51.133–6 airborne 25.15 in Fordyce’s condition 42.62 Jadassohn–Lewandowsky syndrome juvenile spring eruption 29.12 avoidance 23.21 in Gram-negative folliculitis 42.62, (pachyonychia congenita type 1) juvenile xanthogranuloma 15.20, 55.6, contact responses to 25.2, 25.10 42.84, 74.34 15.49, 19.3, 19.94, 19.103–4, 65.20 55.15–17 delayed-type stinging sensation 25.19 in granuloma annulare 60.10 Jadassohn’s naevus phakomatosis 18.27– clinical features 55.16 eczema and 23.5 in hidradenitis suppurativa 30.81 30, 54.11 diagnosis, prognosis and treatment see also irritant contact dermatitis mechanism of action 42.57–8 Jaffe–Lichtenstein disease 47.55 55.16–17 identifi cation 25.9–10 metabolism 42.64, 42.65 JAK-2 mutations, in myeloproliferative eyelids 67.33 immediate-type stinging sensation in sebaceous glands 42.14, 42.15, disorders 49.29, 62.86 Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis and 55.10 25.19 42.58 JAK-3 13.11 neonatal 55.16 mechanical 25.17–18, 25.21 metabolites 42.58 Jak–Stat–Socs pathway 12.28, 12.35 non-xanthomatous 55.15 mechanism of action 25.3 in miliaria profunda 44.16 Jamaica ebony 26.80 spindle cell variant 55.15 occupational 27.3, 27.18–21 mood changes and 64.49 Janeway lesions 62.78 quantifying response to 25.22 in pyoderma faciale 42.84, 43.14 Japanese encephalitis 33.67 symptomatic (subjective) responses to in rhinophyma 43.9 Japanese lacquer tree 26.75 K 25.18–19, 25.24 in rosacea 43.6, 74.34 Jarisch–Herxheimer reaction 34.23, 75.15 K gene, in dogs 2.6 topical therapy agents as 73.4 in rosacea fulminans 42.62 jaundice 62.58, 62.63–4 Kabuki syndrome 68.4 volatile 25.15 in sarcoidosis 61.21 in malaria 37.27 kala azar (visceral leishmaniasis) 37.41–3 see also specifi c irritants in sebaceous gland hyperplasia 42.87 pigmentation in 58.53 kallikrein 21.5 irritation in sebocyte proliferation reduction jejunoileal bypass surgery Kallin’s syndrome 39.9 acute, tests for 25.9–10 42.14 adverse effects 8.17–18 Kallmann’s syndrome 19.11, 19.12, 70.2 chronic, tests for 25.10 in sebum synthesis reduction 42.14 BADAS and 50.87 kambala 26.81 tests for 25.9 in squamous cell carcinoma 52.28 necrobiosis lipoidica after 60.15 Kamino bodies 10.40, 54.22, 54.24, 54.24 threshold 27.11 teratogenicity 42.59, 42.63, 72.28 vasculitis-associated panniculitis after kanamycin 26.45, 75.58 IRS (inner root sheath) 3.13, 66.3, 66.4–5, tetracycline contraindication 42.64, 46.32 Kangri cancer 52.5 66.7 42.65 Jellinek’s sign 58.24–5, 62.8 Kanzaki disease 44.18, 59.34 irukandji 38.56 topical 42.39–40, 42.54 jellyfi sh 38.55–8 Kaposi’s sarcoma 35.36–8, 56.33–7 ischaemia benzoyl peroxide vs 42.41 jelutong 26.79, 26.80 aetiology 56.33–4 acute limb 47.5 topical 5-FU with 73.23 Jessner’s (benign) lymphocytic infi ltration African type 48.30 management 47.6 itch–scratch cycle 21.5, 21.13 57.60 AIDS-associated 33.33, 35.4, 35.36–8, causes 47.5 itching see pruritus differential diagnosis 51.7 48.30, 48.31, 56.34 critical leg 47.2, 47.4 ITGB4 and ITGA6 mutations 39.11 ear 68.15 in children 35.45 peripheral disorders 47.1–9 Ito, hypomelanosis of 58.45 Jessner’s peel 80.9 differential diagnosis 35.37 pressure ulcers 28.16–18 Ito, naevus of 54.9 jewellers, occupational hazards 27.20 oral 35.43 see also arterial disease, peripheral itraconazole 15.10, 74.47 Jews, Ashkenazi 44.7 staging and diagnosis 35.37 ischaemic fasciitis 56.5–6 adverse effects 75.64 jigger 38.12–13 treatment 35.37, 35.38 isoconazole in blastomycosis 36.85 jigsaw-puzzle appearance, cylindroma classic 48.30, 56.33–4 in dermatophytosis 36.48 in candidiasis 36.68, 36.69 53.28 clinical features 35.37, 56.34–5 topical 73.12 in chromoblastomycosis 36.76 jimble 38.56 defi nition 56.33 isocyanates 26.74 in coccidioidomycosis 36.86 JMML (juvenile myelomonocytic differential diagnosis 35.37, 56.36 isodesmosine 3.43–4 in dermatophytoses 36.48, 36.49, 36.50 leukaemia) 15.14–15, 15.20 endemic 56.34 isolated limb infusion, melanoma failure to respond to 36.50–1 Job’s syndrome see hyper-IgE syndrome external ear 68.28, 68.34 recurrence treatment 54.55 in histoplasmosis 36.83 jogger’s nipples 28.31, 70.10–11 eyelids 67.36 isolated limb perfusion, melanoma in Malassezia folliculitis 36.13 Johanson–Blizzard syndrome 15.45, iatrogenic 56.34 recurrence treatment 54.54 in otomycosis 36.17 18.103, 69.12 immunodefi ciency-associated 48.30, isomorphic phenomenon/response see in paracoccidioidomycosis 36.88 Johnson neuroectodermal syndrome 48.31 Koebner phenomenon/response in penicilliosis 36.88 15.30 Koebner response 28.3 isoniazid 59.63, 74.44 in pityriasis versicolor 36.12 Joint Tuberculosis Committee 31.27 lymphangiomatous 56.35 adverse effects 31.27, 70.5, 75.61–2 in Scopulariopsis brevicaulis infection joints from lymphatic endothelium 48.30 acneiform eruptions 42.72 36.54 Charcot’s 63.15 lymphatic origin of 48.30 prophylactic, in HIV infection 31.7 in Scytalidium infection 36.52 Clutton’s 34.16 lymphoedema and 48.14, 48.30–1 resistance to 31.27 in seborrhoeic dermatitis 23.33 disorders 62.99–106 male genital dermatology 71.48 in tuberculosis 31.27 in sporotrichosis 36.72 hypermobility 45.30, 45.34, 62.104 markers 49.18 isopropanol (isopropyl alcohol) 25.20 in yellow nail syndrome 65.16–17 neutrophilic dermatoses and 50.82 Mediterranean type 48.30 antiseptic 73.14 ITRF-4 10.25 in sarcoidosis 61.6–7 oral 35.43, 69.13, 69.22, 69.55, 69.99 isopropyl dibenzoylmethane 26.62 ITT (intention-to-treat) in systemic sclerosis 51.102 pathogenesis 35.36–7, 56.33–4 isopropyl linoleate 27.13 analysis 7.11 jojoba oil, in scabies 38.41 pathology 56.35–6 N-isopropyl-N’-phenyl-p- design 7.7 Jorgenson syndrome 15.43 perianal/perineal dermatology 71.98–9 phenylenediamine 26.15, 26.26, ivermectin 74.51 joules (J) 29.1 in pregnancy 8.13 26.64 adverse effects 75.71 journals 7.5–6 promontory sign 56.35 4-isopropylcatechol, hypermelanosis in dogs 2.11 jugular lymph sac (JLS) 48.2 race and 9.18–19 treatment 58.39 in animals 2.11 jumping spiders 38.32 regression 56.36 isosorbide, male genital dermatology in crusted scabies 38.44 Jun proteins, loss, in SCID mouse model staging 56.35–6 71.27 in cutaneous larva migrans 37.17 2.14 in transplant recipients 62.74–5 isothiazolinones 26.53–4 in Demodex infection in rosacea 43.3 junctional activity 54.10 treatment 35.37, 35.38, 56.36, 79.13 isotretinoin 20.37, 42.57, 74.34–5 in head louse infection 38.20 junctional adhesion molecules (JAMs) alitretinoin see isotretinoin in acne conglobata 42.62, 42.83 in loiasis 37.12 3.24 Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus in acne fulminans 42.62, 42.84 in lymphatic fi lariasis 37.10 junctional epidermolysis bullosa see (KHSV) see human herpesvirus 8 in acne-related conditions 42.59 in onchocerciasis 37.7 epidermolysis bullosa (EB), (HHV-8) in acne vulgaris see acne vulgaris, in phthiriasis palpebrarum 38.23 junctional Kaposi’s varicelliform eruption 24.24, isotretinoin treatment in scabies 38.41–2 junctional naevus see naevus, junctional 33.35–7 adverse effects 42.63–5, 75.110–13 in strongyloidiasis 37.15–16 Jung’s disease 23.27 aetiology 33.35 discoid eczema 42.64 topical 73.14 Junin virus 33.67, 33.69 clinical features 33.35

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–24.34; Volume 2, pp. 25.1–44.22; Volume 3, pp. 45.1–62.113; Volume 4, pp. 63.1–80.14 Index 57

dermatoses associated with 33.35 classifi cation 19.1–2 lamellar ichthyosis 19.25 in vitiligo 58.47 diagnosis and treatment 33.35–6 confl uent and reticulate papillomatosis Netherton’s syndrome 19.41 in wound healing 14.4–5 Kaposi–Stemmer sign 48.15 19.121–2 non-bullous ichthyosiform keratinocyte transglutaminase 3.10 karyorrhexis 10.40, 46.26 Darier’s disease and related disorders erythroderma 19.19 keratitis 67.4 Kasabach–Merritt syndrome/ 19.3, 19.81–8 non-epidermolytic palmoplantar bacterial 67.14 phenomenon 18.56–7, 56.31 erythrokeratodermas 19.69–72 keratoderma 19.97 chronic blepharitis with, treatment kaposiform haemangioendothelioma fi liform keratoses 19.92–3 pachyonychia congenita 19.104 67.12 and 18.55 Flegel’s disease 19.89–90 pityriasis rubra pilaris 19.79 dendritic 67.26 thrombocytopenia and 49.12 folliculocentric keratotic 19.72–6, 19.84 Sjögren–Larsson syndrome 19.44 epithelial, in molluscum contagiosum tufted angioma and 18.56 ichthyoses 19.3, 19.4–65 X-linked recessive ichthyosis 19.12 67.25 Katayama fever 37.21 isotretinoin therapy 74.34 see also specifi c disorders fi lamentary 67.4 kava dermopathy 59.64, 75.161–2 keratolytic treatments keratinocyte(s) 3.1, 3.8, 3.9–10, 12.14–17, geographical 67.26 Kawasaki disease 30.78–9, 50.45–6 bullous ichthyosiform erythroderma 54.1 herpetic 33.17, 33.18, 33.21, 67.16, 67.26 aetiology 30.78 19.33 adhesion between 3.22 interstitial 67.4 cardiac involvement 62.78 CHILD syndrome 19.58 abnormal, in Hailey–Hailey disease congenital syphilis 34.16 differential diagnosis 76.7 ichthyosis hystrix 19.37 39.33 rosacea 43.4, 43.5, 43.7 genetic factors 50.11 ichthyosis vulgaris 19.8 adhesion molecules 12.75 stromal and endothelial 67.26 oral involvement 69.84, 69.118, 69.121 lamellar ichthyosis 19.25 ageing and 80.2 keratitis, ichthyosis and deafness pathogenesis 50.5–6 Netherton’s syndrome 19.41 androgen metabolic enzymes 42.12 syndrome see KID syndrome keds 38.6, 38.7 non-bullous ichthyosiform apoptosis 12.12 keratoacanthoma 52.42–4 keloids 14.2, 14.15, 45.54–6 erythroderma 19.19 Fas ligand (FasL) and 12.11 aetiology and incidence 52.42 in acne 42.32 non-epidermolytic palmoplantar TNF-receptors 12.42 clinical features 52.42–3 treatment 42.69 keratoderma 19.97 atypical, squamous cell carcinoma diagnosis 52.43 fi broblasts 3.50 pachyonychia congenita 19.104 52.25 eyelids 67.34 following ear piercing 68.8 Sjögren–Larsson syndrome 19.44 barrier function and 4.2 generalized eruptive 52.44 following surgery 77.8 X-linked recessive ichthyosis 19.12 basal growth and size 52.42 linear 45.54 minute keratoses 19.92–3 cleavage in epidermolysis bullosa oral cavity 69.54–5 male genital dermatology 71.36 miscellaneous circumscribed keratotic simplex 39.2, 39.3 pathology 52.43 race and 9.15 19.93 epidermal proliferation units 3.6 recurrence 52.42 treatment 45.55, 73.36, 77.49–50 molecular genetics 19.1–4, 19.94–5 nail matrix 3.15 sebaceous 53.15 intralesional corticosteroids 14.15 ocular involvement 67.29–30 stem cell activity, control 3.6 sites 52.42 laser therapy 78.14 palmoplantar keratodermas 19.93–119 structure 3.8 squamous cell carcinoma vs 52.26, 52.27 radiotherapy 45.55, 79.4–5 peeling skin syndromes 19.66–9 in Bowen’s disease 52.33 subungual/periungual 65.38 topical imiquimod 73.24 perforating keratotic 19.88–9 chemokines 12.16–17 surgery 77.15 kenogen 66.8, 66.20 pityriasis 19.65, 19.76–81, 19.84 in chronic wounds 14.11 treatment 52.43–4 Kenya tick typhus 30.73 porokeratoses 19.90–2 cultured 14.26 keratoconjunctivitis keratan sulphate, structure 3.47 retinoid therapy use in dystrophic epidermolysis atopic see atopic keratoconjunctivitis keratin(s) 3.1, 3.9 bullous ichthyosiform erythroderma bullosa 39.29 (AKC) accumulation, keratoacanthoma 52.42, 19.33 cytokines and pro-infl ammatory in atopic dermatitis 24.24 52.43 CHILD syndrome 19.58 mediators 12.15–17 in herpes simplex 33.17, 33.18 acidic (type II) 3.10, 10.20 Darier’s disease 19.85 ductal treatment 67.15–16 in acne 42.23 harlequin ichthyosis 19.29 cytokines produced 42.24 vernal 67.13, 67.14, 67.15, 67.16 antibodies to 10.19–21, 39.25 IBIDS/PIBIDS syndrome 19.49 proliferation abnormalities in acne keratoconjunctivitis sicca 67.4 basic (type I) 3.10 ichthyosis hystrix 19.37 42.22–3, 42.25–6 in sarcoidosis 61.7 cuticular 66.5 ichthyosis vulgaris 19.8 topical retinoid effects 42.40 keratoconus 24.24, 67.4 epidermal 3.1 KID/HID syndrome 19.56 endothelin-1 production 58.26 keratoderma expressed by sebocytes 42.12 lamellar ichthyosis 19.25 epibasal 3.8 climactericum (Haxthausen’s disease) genes 3.9–10, 3.10 Netherton’s syndrome 19.41 epidermal barrier formation 12.14 19.117–18 hair (HaKRT1-6 and HbKRT1-6) 3.14 neutral lipid storage disease with epidermal growth factor (EGF) 12.16 defi nition 5.7 mutations 3.10, 11.12 ichthyosis 19.54 growth factor, hair growth and 66.10 fi liform 19.114 hair 3.13–14, 66.6 non-bullous ichthyosiform human papillomaviruses (HPV) and loricrin 19.3, 19.19, 19.94, 19.98 hard 65.2, 65.3 erythroderma 19.19 12.16, 33.37 palmoplantar see palmoplantar K1/K10 pair 3.10 non-epidermolytic palmoplantar hyperproliferation 3.16 keratoderma K2e 3.10 keratoderma 19.97 in acne 42.22–3, 42.25–6 palmoplantaris transgrediens see Mal K5/K14 pair 3.10 pachyonychia congenita 19.104 induction in acne 42.23 de Meleda mutations in epidermolysis bullosa pityriasis rubra pilaris 19.79 reduced by isotretinoin 42.58 punctate, plantar warts vs 33.44 simplex 39.3–4 Sjögren–Larsson syndrome 19.44 topical retinoid effects 42.40 race and 9.10 K8/K18 pair 3.10 X-linked recessive ichthyosis 19.12 immature, seborrhoeic keratosis 52.39 Sybert’s 19.94, 19.99 K9 3.10 systemic treatments induction of TLR-2 activation by keratoderma blenorrhagica 34.30, 34.31 K15 3.10 bullous ichthyosiform erythroderma glucocorticoids 12.9 keratoderma climactericum 8.20 K17 3.14 19.33 intercellular adhesion molecule-1 keratoelastoidosis marginalis 45.28 mutations in steatocystoma multiplex CHILD syndrome 19.58 (ICAM-1) 12.10, 12.16, 12.73 keratohyalin granules 3.8, 4.2 42.88 Darier’s disease 19.85 in irritant contact dermatitis 25.5 clumped, warts 33.41 nail 65.3 harlequin ichthyosis 19.29 in junctional epidermolysis bullosa in obesity 8.17 neutral-basic (type II) 10.20 IBIDS/PIBIDS syndrome 19.49 39.9 keratolinin/cystatin 3.10 in pachyonychia congenita 65.3 ichthyosis hystrix 19.37 keloid 14.15 keratolysis exfoliativa 19.66, 23.19 soft 65.3 ichthyosis vulgaris 19.8 koilocytosis, in warts 33.41 keratolysis plantare sulcatum 30.39–40, in stratum corneum 4.2 KID/HID syndrome 19.56 in lichen planus 41.1 44.8 structure 3.9, 3.31 lamellar ichthyosis 19.25 mediators of infl ammation 12.15–17 keratoma hereditarum mutilans 45.70 types 3.9, 3.10 Netherton’s syndrome 19.41 melanocyte contact 58.2, 58.7 keratomycosis nigricans palmaris 36.8, keratin-associated proteins 66.6 non-bullous ichthyosiform melanosome transfer to 58.4–5 36.14–15 keratin intermediate fi laments 3.1, 3.9, erythroderma 19.19 migration 3.2 keratopathy 67.4 3.10, 3.21–2, 3.30, 40.2 pityriasis rubra pilaris 19.79 MMPs synthesis/secretion 3.41 keratoses desmosomes and 3.21–2, 40.1–2 Sjögren–Larsson syndrome 19.44 number served by melanocyte 58.2 actinic see actinic keratosis detachment in pemphigus 40.15 X-linked recessive ichthyosis 19.12 proliferation, lentigo 54.3 arsenical 52.29, 52.34–5, 62.47 hemidesmosomes and 3.30, 40.28 topical treatments receptor-blocking strategies 12.17 benign lichenoid (BLKs) 41.6 α-keratin intermediate fi laments (a-KIF) bullous ichthyosiform erythroderma in Stevens–Johnson syndrome 76.9–10 eyelids 67.33 66.6 19.33 structure 3.9–10 fi liform 19.92–3 keratinization CHILD syndrome 19.58 surrounding melanocytes 54.18 inverted follicular 53.2–3 management 67.22 collodion babies 19.14–16 terminal differentiation 3.6, 3.10 lip in seborrhoeic keratosis 52.39 Darier’s disease 19.85 in toxic epidermal necrolysis 76.9–10 leukokeratosis see cheilitis, actinic trichilemmal 66.3 harlequin ichthyosis 19.29 ultraviolet radiation and 12.16, treatment 73.23 keratinization disorders 19.1–122 IBIDS/PIBIDS syndrome 19.49 52.13–14 oral 69.90–3 acanthosis nigricans 19.119–21 ichthyosis hystrix 19.37 vascular endothelial growth factor post-ionizing radiation 52.37 acitretin therapy 74.36 ichthyosis vulgaris 19.7–8 (VEGF), MHC and 12.16 seed-like of the palms and soles 62.33 58 Index

smoker’s 69.90 Kikuchi’s histiocytic necrotizing Kohlmeier–Degos’ disease see Degos’ lamellar bodies/granules see membrane- snuff-dipper’s 69.90 lymphadenitis, EBV infection disease coating granules stucco 52.40 and 33.31, 33.77 koilocytosis, in viral warts 33.41 lamellar desquamation/exfoliation of the sublingual 69.91 killer-inhibitory receptors 13.6 koilonychia 62.85, 65.8 newborn 17.19–21, 59.39 tar 52.37 Kimura’s disease 46.34, 56.27, 68.15 in childhood 65.6 lamellar ichthyosis (LI) 19.3, 19.21–5 keratosis circumscripta 19.78 Kindler’s syndrome 12.17, 15.82–3, 39.1, kojic acid 73.28 prenatal diagnosis 16.3 keratosis follicularis see Darier’s disease 39.2, 39.2, 45.13, 69.40 kokardennaevus 54.20–1 treatment 73.36 keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans diagnosis 39.24–5, 39.25 Koplik’s spots 33.75, 69.95 see also non-bullous ichthyosiform 19.74–5, 19.84, 66.51 Kindlin-1 39.25 koro syndrome 71.51 erythroderma keratosis follicularis squamosa (Dohi) kinesin, melanosome transfer along Kostmann’s syndrome 17.48, 17.75 lamina densa 3.25, 3.26 8.17, 19.76 melanocyte dendrites 58.4 KP1 see CD68 cleavage below in dystrophic keratosis lichenoides chronica (Nékam’s kinesiotaping, lymphoedema krala 26.81 epidermolysis bullosa 39.2, 39.15 disease) 41.27–8, 73.44 management 48.23 KRAS gene 15.15 lamina lucida 3.25, 3.26 keratosis obturans 68.28, 68.35 kinetensin 12.25 Kronmayer lamp 29.2 cleavage in junctional epidermolysis keratosis pilaris 19.72–4, 19.84, 24.22, 45.8 kinin(s) 38.1 KRT1 gene 18.5 bullosa 39.2 acne vs 42.37 cascade 13.2, 13.4 KRT5 gene mutation, epidermolysis salt-split 40.47 hypotrichosis with 66.60 in urticaria 22.5 bullosa simplex 39.3–4 laminin(s) 3.27–3.29 lentiginosis and 66.60–1 kininase II see angiotensin-converting KRT10 gene 18.5 cell binding mediated by integrins treatment 73.36 enzyme KRT14 gene mutation, epidermolysis 3.28, 3.30 keratosis pilaris atrophicans faciei 66.51 Kinmonth’s lymphoedema praecox 48.10 bullosa simplex 39.3–4 chain composition 3.27, 3.28 keratosis punctata 9.10 Kirghizian dermato-osteolysis 15.46 KS see Kaposi’s sarcoma functions 3.28 keratosis senilis see actinic keratosis KIRs (killer-inhibitory receptors) 13.6 KTS see Klippel–Trenaunay syndrome G domain 3.27, 3.29 keratosis spinulosa 19.75, 19.76 kissing bugs 37.2, 37.31, 38.25 (KTS) lymphatic vessels 48.4 keratosis spinulosa (lichen spinulosus) Kit (CD117) 3.19–20 kua’sha 28.25 subunits and structure 3.27–3.28, 3.29 19.75, 19.76 KIT gene mutations 3.20 kumkum 26.10 in wound healing 14.6 keratouveitis, HSV 67.26 in mastocytosis 22.30, 22.31 Kunjin virus 33.67 laminin-1, antibodies to 39.25 kerion 30.25, 36.22, 36.27, 36.36, 36.49 in piebaldism 58.42, 66.93 Kveim test 5.24, 61.1, 61.19–20 laminin-5 (laminin-332) 3.6, 3.25–6, 3.27, Trichophyton verrucosum as cause 2.12 Kit ligand (mast cell growth factor/stem kwashiorkor 35.41, 59.67, 66.94 3.30, 40.36 kerosene 25.20 cell factor (M/SCF)), melanocyte Kyasanur forest disease 33.67 α6β4 integrin binding 3.28, 3.30, 3.32 ketanserin 74.52 mitogen 58.5 kyphoscoliosis 45.30 in anchoring fi laments 3.32 in systemic sclerosis 51.108 Kitamura’s disease 58.21 in Ehlers–Danlos syndrome 45.34, gene mutations 3.28 in wound healing 14.24 Klebsiella oxytoca, in invasive otitis externa 45.35 in junctional epidermolysis bullosa ketoconazole 74.47 68.25 Kyrle’s disease see perforating 3.28, 3.30, 39.10 adverse effects 70.5, 75.65 Klebsiella pneumoniae rhinoscleromatis collagenosis (folliculitis) antibody probes for diagnosis 39.25 in blastomycosis 36.85 30.51–3 monoclonal antibodies to 39.25 in candidiasis 36.68 KLICK syndrome 19.19 structure 3.27, 3.29, 3.31, 3.32 in dermatophytoses 36.48, 36.49 Kligman cream 73.27, 73.28 L lamins, nuclear 3.9 eccrine gland secretion 44.18 Klinefelter’s syndrome 47.42 L granules, sulphur-rich 3.10 in partial face-sparing lipodystrophy in histoplasmosis 36.83 breast cancer and 70.14 l-selectin see selectins 46.41 in Malassezia folliculitis 36.13 genetics 15.13–14 La/SS-B antibodies 51.50 lamivudine 26.46, 75.67 in paracoccidioidomycosis 36.88 gynaecomastia and 70.4 Laband’s syndrome 68.4 adverse effects 35.22 in pityriasis capitis 66.56 Klippel–Trenaunay syndrome (KTS) labetalol 75.91 lamotrigine 64.52 in pityriasis versicolor 36.12 18.76–8, 47.23–4, 47.37 labia majora 71.54, 71.56, 71.72, 71.79 adverse effects 75.86 in seborrhoeic dermatitis 23.33 acroangiodermatitis (of Mali) and 49.17 labia minora 71.54, 71.56, 71.62–3 in complex regional pain syndrome in tinea nigra 36.15 aetiology 18.77 labial melanotic macules 54.2, 54.6, 54.7 63.21 topical 73.12 bone and joint involvement 62.99, laboratory tests 5.21–2 Lampona 38.32 ketoprofen 62.100 immunological and allergic disease lamprene see clofazimine adverse effects 26.46, 75.74 clinical features 18.77 13.15–26 Lamprene, pigmentation due to 58.55 as photoallergen 26.24 defi nition 18.76 labour, delayed in X-linked ichthyosis 8.9 Lanette O 26.58–9 ketotifen, in rosacea 43.6 differential diagnosis 18.77 Lacazia loboi 36.77, 36.78 Langer–Giedion syndrome 15.55, 15.65–6 khaki dermatitis 26.26, 26.66 lymphoedema and 48.10, 48.12, 48.21 laceration, pinna 68.7 Langerhans’ cell granulomatosis see khat 69.50 nomenclature 18.76 lacrimal apparatus 67.3 Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis Khaya 26.81 oral involvement 69.30 cicatrization 67.21 (LCH) khaya mahogany 26.81 treatment 18.77–8 lacrimal glands 67.2–3 Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis (LCH) 3.18, khellin 58.48 Kloos–Schleifer classifi cation system 30.2 in graft-versus-host disease 67.22 55.6–14 KHSV see human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) knee, surgery 77.5 in sarcoidosis 61.7 aetiology 55.6–7 Ki-67 53.43 Knemidokoptes mutans 38.46 in Stevens–Johnson syndrome 67.21 bone involvement 55.12 keratinocyte hyperproliferation in acne Knemidokoptidae 38.46 lactate bone marrow 55.11 42.22–3 knock-out animals 2.8, 11.11 as irritant 25.19 clinical features 17.25, 55.9–12 in mast cell tumours, in dogs 2.22 knock-out vector 2.8 in sweat 44.5, 44.6 clonality 55.7 Ki-M1p 55.15 knuckle pads 19.93, 19.108–9, 45.48, 45.49 lactation CNS involvement 55.11–12 kicking injuries 28.33 race and 9.15 drug therapy and 72.28 cutaneous features 55.9–10 KID syndrome 15.46, 15.68, 15.69–70, Kobberling–Dunnigan syndrome 46.40–1 sebaceous gland activity 42.12 defi nition 55.6 19.54–7, 19.60 Köbner-like isomorphic phenomenon, lactic acid 80.9 diagnosis 55.7, 55.12 oral involvement 69.26 common warts 33.43 lactic acid stinging test 25.10 diagnostic markers 55.8–9 kidneys Koch phenomenon 31.3–4, 31.6 lactiferous ducts 70.1, 70.8, 70.11 differential diagnosis 17.30, 55.12, 55.23 disorders 62.68–75 Koebner epidermolysis bullosa (EB) lactofl avine 59.62 ears 55.11 oral manifestations 69.116 simplex 39.4, 39.6 lactogen 8.9 endocrine system involvement 55.11, see also chronic renal failure; renal Koebner phenomenon/response 5.8 lactucin 26.75 55.12 disease; renal failure eczema and 23.28–9 lactucopicrin 26.75 female genital dermatology 71.79 drug elimination 72.27 in erythema multiforme 76.7 LAD see leukocyte adhesion defi ciency gastrointestinal 55.11 in sarcoidosis 61.7, 62.71 friction and 25.17 (LAD) Hashimoto–Pritzker variant 55.8, 55.9 in SLE 51.44 in Hailey–Hailey disease 39.34 Lag antigen, Birbeck granules 55.4 immunocytochemistry 55.8–9 in systemic sclerosis 51.101 in lichen planus 41.6, 41.12 Laginel–Lavastine and Viard type, immunoglobulins 55.6 transplantation 69.116 in mechanical/thermal injury 28.2–3, lipoatrophy 46.39 incidence 55.9 nephrogenic systemic fi brosis and 28.15, 28.48, 28.73 Lagochilascaris minor 37.18 investigation 55.12–13 45.53 in nails 65.24 lagophthalmos 32.14, 67.4, 67.21 juvenile xanthogranuloma and 55.10 non-melanoma skin cancer and 52.11 in psoriasis 5.12, 20.8, 20.17 LAMA3 gene, mutations in junctional male genital dermatology 71.48 skin changes in recipients 62.74–5 in reactive perforating collagenosis epidermolysis bullosa 39.10 malignant 55.7, 55.32 in Wegener’s granulomatosis 50.39–40 45.64 LAMB syndrome 49.37, 54.4, 58.14, 62.25, multisystem 55.10, 55.11, 55.12 ‘wire-loop’ lesions 51.34 in sarcoidosis 61.10 62.79, 69.28 treatment 55.13 see also entries beginning renal sexual abuse and 51.117 LAMB3 gene, mutational hotspots and nails 55.11 Kikuchi–Fujimoto disease 33.31, 33.77 in vitiligo 26.26, 26.27, 58.47 R42X and R635X 39.10 oral involvement 55.11, 69.118 Kikuchi’s disease 33.31, 33.77, 51.134 Koenen tumour 15.22, 65.31, 65.32 Lambdopsalis bulla 66.1 pathology 55.7–8 SLE and 51.58 koganbyo 37.22 Lambeth study 6.6–7, 6.7, 6.15 perianal/perineal dermatology 71.99

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–24.34; Volume 2, pp. 25.1–44.22; Volume 3, pp. 45.1–62.113; Volume 4, pp. 63.1–80.14 Index 59

pregnancy and 8.12 laser evoked potentials 63.5 solar lentigines 78.10 occupational dermatoses 27.3 prognosis 55.12 laser therapy 78.1–16 speckled and lentiginous naevus 78.10 pustular dermatitis atrophicans 30.22 pulmonary 55.7, 55.11 ablative resurfacing 78.13–15 spot size 78.3, 78.4 red streaks 48.29 reduced T-cell response 55.6, 55.7 acne 42.67, 42.69 striae 45.6 surgery 77.5 seborrhoeic dermatitis vs 55.9 actinic cheilitis 78.14 tattoos 58.59, 78.10 telangiectases 47.13 treatment 55.12, 55.13 adverse effects 33.49 telangiectases 47.19, 47.20, 78.7–8 ulcers see ulcer(s), leg topical mechlorethamine 73.24 angiofi broma 78.14 in rosacea 43.6 see also lower limb Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis (LCH) cells argon 78.1 tissue cooling 78.5 Leg Club Foundation 14.21 55.6, 55.7, 55.7, 55.8 basal cell carcinoma 78.14 tissue optics 78.3–4 legionellosis 30.67 Birbeck granules 55.3–4, 55.6 Becker’s naevus 18.18, 78.10 trichoepithelioma 78.14 Leguminosae 26.80 CD1a 55.7 Bowen’s disease 78.14 varicose veins 47.39 Leiden mutation 54.33 histology/ultrastructure 55.7, 55.7–8 café-au-lait spots 78.10 vascular lesions 78.5–9 leiomyoma 56.54–6 surface markers 55.8–9 classifi cation 78.2 warts 33.49, 78.8 congenital 18.37 T cell response inhibition 55.6, 55.7 CO2 see carbon dioxide laser xanthelasma 78.14 genetics 15.26 Langerhans’ cell sarcoma 55.31 in combination with botulinum toxin Lasiodiploidea theobromae 36.55 genital 56.54–5 Langerhans’ cells 3.1, 3.17–18, 4.8, 12.16 80.7 Lasiohelea 38.6 in females 71.73 abnormal see Langerhans’ cell continuous 78.2 Lassa fever 33.67, 33.69 oral 69.113 histiocytosis (LCH) cells cosmetic/rejuvenation 80.7, 80.10–13 diagnosis 33.5 pilar 56.54–5 in acne pathogenesis 42.26, 42.27 epidermolytic/non-epidermolytic Lassar’s paste, dithranol 20.23 leiomyoma cutis 56.54–5 activated, surface markers 55.3, 55.4 epidermal naevi 18.7 latanoprost 26.46, 66.79, 66.94, 75.165 leiomyomatosis, multiple cutaneous and ageing and 8.24, 80.2 Erbium:YAG laser 78.13 late-infantile neuronal ceroid uterine 56.55 in allergic contact dermatitis 26.6 osteoma cutis 42.78 lipofuscinosis, prenatal diagnosis leiomyosarcoma 56.56 antigen presentation by 55.3, 55.4–5 fractional ablative resurfacing 78.13 16.3 Leishmania 37.2, 37.27, 37.33 Birbeck granules 3.18, 55.3–4 fractional photocoagulation 78.13 late-onset (acquired) ichthyoses 19.63–5, Leishmania aethiopica 37.34, 37.35, 37.36, culture 55.3 freckles 78.10 62.32 37.37, 37.39 cytokines released 3.17, 55.3 gain medium 78.2 latent transforming growth factor-β Leishmania brasiliensis, ocular infection defi ciency 3.17–18 granuloma faciale 50.29, 78.9, 78.14 (LTBP) 3.45 67.27 differentiation/development 55.1–3 haemangioma 78.6 lateral pterygoid muscle, examination Leishmania brasiliensis brasiliensis 37.34, effects of UVR on 13.28, 13.29, 29.5 hair removal 66.87, 78.12–13 69.4–5 37.35, 37.39, 37.40 embryology 3.5 history of 78.1 latex 26.63 Leishmania brasiliensis guyanensis 37.34, functions 3.3, 3.17, 3.18, 13.9, 55.4–5 HPV-associated dysplasia/neoplasia contact urticaria to 26.105, 27.5 37.35, 37.39–40 hair bulb 66.4 33.55 sensitivity Leishmania brasiliensis panamensis 37.34, in HIV-associated psoriasis 35.17 hypertrichosis 78.12–13 immunotherapy 26.106 37.35, 37.40 in HIV infection 35.8 hypertrichosis lanuginosa 66.76 male genital dermatology 71.17 Leishmania brasiliensis peruviana 37.34, in HPV infection and warts 33.42 hypertrophic scars 78.8 spina bifi da and 63.16 37.35, 37.39, 37.40 hyperplasia 10.24 incisional 78.13, 78.14 testing for 26.106, 27.7 Leishmania chagasi 37.34 in irritant contact dermatitis 25.5 infantile haemangioma 18.51 see also rubber Leishmania donovani, ocular infection 67.27 in lichen planus 41.4 intense pulsed light source (IPLS) 78.6, latrodectism 38.31 Leishmania donovani donovani 37.41 maturation 55.3 78.10 Latrodectus 38.31 Leishmania donovani infantum 37.34, 37.36, migration 3.17, 3.18, 55.3, 55.4 acne 42.67 Lattice System Global Assessment 72.9 37.39, 37.41 factors controlling 5.2, 5.3, 55.1 cosmetic use 80.10–11 Laugier–Hunziker(–Baran) syndrome Leishmania major 37.34, 37.35, 37.36, 37.39 signals initiating 55.4 hereditary haemorrhagic 58.14–15, 65.38, 69.28 Leishmania mexicana amazonensis 37.34, motion mechanism 3.17 telangiectasia 47.18 laurel oil 76.5 37.35 in nail matrix 65.2 port-wine stains 18.64 lavender oil Leishmania mexicana mexicana 37.34, 37.35, ontogeny 55.1–3 telangiectasia 47.20 adverse effects 70.5 37.39 phenotype 55.3, 55.3–4 keloids 78.14 in head louse infection 38.20 Leishmania tropica 37.34, 37.35–6, 37.37, precursors 55.1, 55.2 KTP 78.6 as insect repellent 38.5 37.39 structure and ultrastructure 3.17–18 leg veins/venules 78.8 lawsone 66.97 female genital dermatology 71.69 surface markers 10.24–5, 55.3, 55.3–4, lichen planus 41.18 Lawsonia spp. 66.97 ocular infection 67.27 55.5 light 78.1–2 laxatives leishmaniasis 37.33–44 langerin 10.24 light–tissue interactions 78.4–5, 78.5–6, adverse effects 75.158 American (South American) cutaneous Langer’s lines 77.2, 77.13 78.9, 78.12, 78.13 in dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa 37.34, 37.35, 37.39–41 Langhans’ giant cell 10.34–5 low-level (LLLT) 78.15 39.28 differential diagnosis 31.10 in lichen nitidus 41.21 lymphoedema management 48.23 laxity, skin 45.14 diffuse/disseminated cutaneous 37.37, in pancreatic panniculitis 46.18 melanocytic naevus 78.11 see also cutis laxa 37.38 language melasma 78.11 LBP (lipopolysaccharide-binding protein) epidemiology 37.34 barriers 72.2 naevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome 12.9 genital involvement, in males 71.33 skin/skin disease and 64.1, 64.6 52.8 LCH see Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis in HIV infection 35.35, 37.43 language bias 7.7 naevus of Ota 78.10, 78.11 LDF (laser Doppler fl owmetry), in lip involvement 69.121 lanolin nail unit 65.48 erythema 25.22 lupoid (chronic) 37.37, 37.39, 61.5, 61.13 as allergen 26.58 Nd:YAG 78.6, 78.9–10, 78.14 LE see lupus erythematosus (LE) mucosal 37.39–41 comedogenicity 27.13 essential telangiectasia 47.19 le tic des levres 64.39–40, 69.127–8 ocular involvement 67.27 composition 73.6 lichen planus 41.18 lead acetate hair dye 66.97 Old World cutaneous 37.34–9 as emollient 73.6 telangiectasia 47.20 lead poisoning 75.33 oral involvement 69.81 in topical therapy 73.6–7 varicose veins 47.39 lead subacetate 75.165 perianal/perineal involvement 71.96 lanreotide, in carcinoid syndrome 43.19 necrobiosis lipoidica 60.16 lectins 13.23 post-kala-azar dermal 37.41–2 lansoprazole 75.157 non-ablative photocoagulation 78.13, Ledderhose’s disease 45.47, 56.11 in returned travellers 37.41 lanugo 66.2 78.14 leeches 38.55 ulcers in 47.57 large B-cell lymphoma (PCLBCL) 57.47–9 non-melanoma skin cancer 52.17 Leeds acne grading system 72.10 vectors 38.5, 44.7 large vessel disease 51.39 optical cavity 78.2 LEF1 3.4, 66.10 visceral 37.41–3 larva currens see Strongyloides stercoralis osteoma cutis 42.78 lefl unomide 13.24, 75.138 world distribution 37.33 larva migrans peri-orbital syringoma 78.14 leg(s) leishmaniasis cutis diffusa 37.37, 37.38 cutaneous 37.16–17 photothermal ablation 78.13–15 allergic contact dermatitis 23.35, 23.36, leishmaniasis recidivans 37.37, 37.39 breast involvement 70.17 phymas 43.10 26.19, 26.29 leishmanin test 37.34, 37.37, 37.38, 37.42 in HIV infection 35.36 port-wine stain 18.64–5, 78.6–7 atherosclerosis 47.2 leisure activities, risk factor for skin oral 69.101 psoriasis 20.43, 78.8 burning pain 47.11 disease 6.13 visceral see toxocariasis pulsed 78.2–3 chronic folliculitis 30.22 LEKTI 24.4, 66.65–6 larval therapy, pressure ulcers 28.22 pulsed-dye (PDL) 47.20, 78.6–7 disseminated superfi cial actinic Lelis’ syndrome 15.44 laryngo-onycho-cutaneous (LOC) side-effects 18.64 porokeratosis 52.35–6 Lennert’s lymphoma 57.64 syndrome 39.15 warts 33.49 erosive pustular dermatitis 50.89–90 lentigines 8.23, 54.2–6, 54.10, 71.80 larynx, lichen planus 41.9 Q-switched 78.2, 78.3, 78.9–10 erythromelalgia 47.9–10 actinic (solar) 54.2, 54.4 laser burns 28.90 resurfacing 80.7, 80.11 fascial hernias 45.68–9 laser therapy 78.10, 80.2, 80.11 Erbium:YAG 53.7 rhinophyma 43.10, 78.14 injuries, venous ulceration and 47.42 lentigo maligna development from laser Doppler fl owmetry, in erythema sarcoidosis 61.21 ischaemic disease 47.2 54.4, 54.5, 54.41 25.22 seborrhoeic keratosis 78.10 neurovascular disorders 47.9–12 management 58.39, 73.26, 73.27 60 Index

in Carney syndrome 58.14 history 32.1 shape 5.8–9, 5.10, 5.11, 5.12–13 apparent 65.15 defi nition 58.11 HIV infection and 35.26 sparing 5.9 post-infl ammatory 65.29 freckles vs 54.1, 54.4 immunology 32.6–7 stellate 5.8 punctate 65.15 ink-spot 54.2, 54.5 indeterminate 32.6, 32.8 swimming-/diving-associated 28.55 subtotal 65.15 paraneoplastic 62.33 lepromatous 32.3, 32.5, 32.7 symmetrical 5.15 total 65.15 PUVA 54.2, 54.4–5, 58.33 eyebrow hypoplasia 67.3 target 5.8, 38.32 transverse 65.15 senile (age spots) 8.23, 54.3, 58.39 features 32.9–11 terminology 5.6–8 leukopathy, symmetrical progressive simple 54.2, 54.3–4 polar 32.8 whorled 5.8 58.52 lentigines neonatorum 17.8 subpolar 32.11 see also specifi c lesions leukopenia, oral involvement 69.56 lentiginosis 54.2–54.3, 58.11–15 Lucio reaction/phenomenon 32.13, lesser occipital nerve 77.3 leukophores 2.5 arterial dissections with 58.14 49.35 lesser weever fi sh 38.59 leukoplakia 69.13, 69.22, 69.50, 69.89–94 centrofacial 58.12 mechanisms of damage 32.4 lethal cutaneous and gastrointestinal anogenital 71.3 cutaneous with atrial myxomas 58.14 nerve involvement 32.4, 32.5, 32.6, arteriolar thrombosis see Degos’ candidal 36.60–1, 69.89, 69.90, 69.91 eruptive 58.11 32.12, 32.17 disease female genital dermatology 71.52 generalized 58.11 complications of damage 32.18 lethal toxin 30.41 genetics 15.79 genital 54.6–7 cranial nerve palsy 69.118 Letterer–Siwe disease see Langerhans’ cell hairy see hairy leukoplakia hereditary 54.2, 54.3 diagnosis 32.13, 32.14 histiocytosis (LCH) heterogeneous/speckled 69.90, 69.91 inherited patterned 58.11, 69.28–9 lepromatous 32.10, 32.11 leu5-enkephalin 12.25 homogeneous 69.90 keratosis pilaris and hypotrichosis with tuberculoid 32.8–9 leucine-rich repeat (LRR) 12.9 malignant transformation 69.90–1, 66.60–1 ocular involvement 67.27 proteoglycans 3.46 69.92 multiple lentigines syndrome 58.12 pathogenesis 32.3–4 leukaemia 62.88 oral, treatment 73.23 oral 69.28 patient education 32.18 acute myeloid (AML) 55.31 proliferative verrucous 69.90, 69.91 periorifi cial see Peutz–Jeghers in pregnancy 8.11 adult T-cell see adult T-cell leukaemia– syphilitic 69.78, 69.90, 69.91 syndrome prevention and control 32.19 lymphoma (ATLL) leukotriene(s) 12.60–2, 13.4 segmental 54.2–54.3 prognosis 32.14 chronic myeloid (granulocytic) modifi ers 12.61 unilateral (zosteriform) 58.11 pure neuritic 32.12 juvenile 62.96 leukotriene antagonists 74.31 lentiginous melanocytic hyperplasia 54.30 rehabilitation 32.18 neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis and dose range and evidence level 74.31 lentigo maligna 8.28–9, 54.5, 54.40, 54.42 relapse 32.17 44.17 in Sjögren–Larsson syndrome 19.44 actinic (solar) lentigo progression to serology 32.7–8 treatment of skin lesions 73.24 in urticaria 22.29 54.4, 54.5, 54.41 subclinical infection 32.2–3 erythroderma and 23.48 leukotriene B4 (LTB4), infl ammatory acne ageing and 8.23, 80.2 treatment 32.16–19 genetics 15.14–15, 15.20 pathogenesis 42.26 differential diagnosis 54.41–2 clofazimine 74.26 juvenile myelomonocytic (JMML) leukotriene C4 (LTC4) 12.25, 12.27, 12.32, seborrhoeic keratosis vs 52.38 tuberculoid 32.4, 32.5, 32.7 15.14–15, 15.20 12.46, 12.61, 12.66, 12.74 mucosal melanosis similarity 54.7 differential diagnosis 31.10, 61.5, lymphatic 57.62 in urticaria 22.4 periocular (conjunctival) 54.40–1 61.13 pigmentation changes 58.26 leuprolide, in acne vulgaris 42.53 treatment 54.42–3 eyebrows 67.3–4 mast-cell 22.31, 22.33 leuprorelin 75.117 azelaic acid 73.28 features 32.8–9 monocytic 55.31–2 levamisole radiotherapy 79.12–13 polar 32.8 oral involvement 69.57, 69.116 adverse effects 68.18, 75.71 topical imiquimod 73.24 ulcers 47.56 perianal/perineal involvement 71.99 dermatomyositis 51.129 lentigo maligna melanoma 54.35, 54.40–4, vaccination 32.19 leukaemia cutis 55.31–2, 57.61–2, 62.15, levator palpebrae superioris 67.2 79.12–13 LEPs (laser evoked potentials) 63.5 62.88 Levin syndrome I 15.34 development 54.41 leptin 46.3 leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) 58.5 levocabastine 67.15 in situ see lentigo maligna in acquired generalized lipodystrophy leukaemia–lymphoma (HTLV-1- levocetirizine 22.29 pathology 54.42 46.38 associated) see adult T-cell adverse effects 75.149 treatment 54.43, 54.44 body mass index (BMI) and 46.6 leukaemia–lymphoma (ATLL) levodopa leonine facies 32.11, 43.5, 43.6 congenital defi ciency 46.3 leukaemoid reaction 62.88 adverse effects 75.88 leopard skin 37.6 in polycystic ovary syndrome 66.82 leukocidal toxins 30.8 in restless legs syndrome 63.25 ‘leopard spotting’ 45.22 at puberty 8.4 leukocyte adhesion defi ciency (LAD) sebaceous gland activity 42.12 LEOPARD syndrome 54.3, 58.12, 62.77, resistance 46.3, 46.6–7 13.9, 17.48, 17.77–8 seborrhoeic dermatitis and 23.29 69.12, 69.28 role in wound healing 14.1 LAD-1 12.22, 17.77–8 levomepromazine (levopromazine) 75.82 features 58.12 Leptocimex 38.24 LAD-2 17.78 levonorgestrel 75.118 Lepidoptera (butterfl ies/moths) 25.21, Leptoconops 38.6, 38.7 LAD-3 17.78 acne treatment 42.53 38.28–30 Leptosphaeria senegalensis 36.73 oral involvement 69.16 levuride 23.9, 36.36–64 lepidopterism 38.28 Leptospira 30.62, 30.66 leukocyte cell adhesion molecule Lewar’s disease 69.109 lepra reactions 32.3–4 leptospirosis 30.66 (LEUCAM) subfamily, integrins Leyland cypress 26.80 distinction from relapse 32.17 Leptotrichia buccalis 30.60 12.70 LH see luteinizing hormone treatment and 32.17–18 Leptotrombidium 38.50 leukocyte emigration, regulation by LH 7.2 monoclonal antibody 39.25 type 1 32.4, 32.6, 32.12 Lesch–Nyhan syndrome 59.102–3, 65.50, adhesion molecules 12.74 Lhermitte–Duclos disease 62.26 type 2 32.4, 32.6, 32.7, 32.12–13, 32.18, 69.43, 69.117 leukocyte function-associated antigens, l’homme rouge 23.49 75.43 Leser–Trélat sign 52.38, 53.38, 62.31, 62.32 LFA-1 13.9 LI see lamellar ichthyosis thalidomide and 74.30 lesions leukocyte migration inhibition test 75.174 liarozole leprechaunism (Donohue syndrome) agminate 5.9 leukocyte procoagulant activity 26.98 dose range and evidence level 74.37 45.62–3, 46.37 annular 5.8, 5.9, 5.12, 32.15, 62.106–13 leukocyte rolling 12.74 in psoriasis 20.42 leproma 32.5 arcuate 5.8 leukocyte traffi cking, CX3CR1 12.48 Libman–Sacks endocarditis 51.33 lepromin test 32.7, 32.15 child abuse-associated 28.34–5 leukocyte trapping, in venous disorders lice 38.15–23 leprosy 32.1–20 colour 5.15–17, 5.18 47.27 clothing/body 38.2, 38.15, 38.16, aetiology 32.1–2 confl uent 5.9 leukocytoclasis, in vasculitis 50.7 38.21–2 anhidrosis and 44.13 digitate 5.8 leukoderma 58.9 elderly people 8.29 bone and joint involvement 62.100 discoid 5.8, 23.10 disseminate lenticular 58.52 dogs and cats 2.10 borderline 32.3–4, 32.5–6 distribution 5.15, 5.16, 5.17 drug-induced 75.33 head 38.15, 38.16, 38.17–21 features 32.9, 32.11–12 in drug addicts 28.52–3 following allergic contact dermatitis treatment 73.13, 73.14 lepromatous 32.4, 32.6 grouped/clustered 5.9, 5.14 26.26 pubic (crabs) 38.15, 38.16–17, 38.18, tuberculoid 32.4, 32.5–6 guttate 5.7 occupational 27.15, 58.50 38.22–3, 71.7, 71.34 classifi cation 32.4 intensive care-associated 28.39 post-infl ammatory 58.48 blepharitis due to 67.10 clinical features 32.8–12 linear 5.8, 5.9, 5.11, 5.12 syphilitic 58.31 eyelash infestation 67.27 defi nition 32.1 livedo 5.8, 5.10 leukoderma acquisitum centrifugum treatment 73.13, 73.14 diagnosis 32.14–15 palpation 5.17–18 (halo naevus) 58.49–50 topical therapy 73.13–14 differential diagnosis 32.15–16, 60.17 pattern 5.9, 5.14, 5.15 leukoderma syphiliticum 34.10, 34.12 lichen amyloidosus 59.46 ear involvement 68.17, 68.20 petaloid 5.8 leukoedema 17.5, 69.23 lichen aureus 49.22, 49.23, 49.25 early lesions 32.8 polycyclic 5.8 leukokeratosis treatment 49.26 eye involvement 32.13–14 reticulate 5.8, 5.10, 5.12 genetics 15.14 lichen myxoedematosus 59.21–3, 62.45 female genital involvement 71.67 satellite 5.9, 5.15 lips see cheilitis, actinic lichen nitidus 41.21–3, 65.29 genetics 32.2 scattered/disseminated/exanthematous oral, focal keratoderma with 19.103 clinical features and sites 41.22 geographical distribution 32.2–3 5.9, 5.15 leukomelanoderma 73.27 histology 41.21–2 histology 32.4–6, 32.7 serpiginous 5.8 leukonychia 65.14, 65.15 lichen planus with 41.22

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–24.34; Volume 2, pp. 25.1–44.22; Volume 3, pp. 45.1–62.113; Volume 4, pp. 63.1–80.14 Index 61

linear 41.22 oral erosive, ciclosporin therapy 73.33 histopathology 23.39–40 swelling male genitalia 71.24 palms and soles 26.29, 41.7, 41.8, 41.14 male genitalia 9.14, 71.16 causes 48.20 papules 41.21, 41.22 papules 41.4, 41.6 neck 23.32 differential diagnosis 48.19–21 race and 9.5 paraneoplastic 62.38 perianal/perineal 71.84, 71.85 investigations 48.17–19 treatment 41.22–3 pathogenesis 41.1–3 treatment 23.41 as lymphoedema complication 48.15 lichen nuchae 23.40 perianal/perineal 71.90 lichen simplex chronicus 9.13–14, 23.40, see also lymphoedema lichen planopilaris 41.7, 41.11–12, 41.14 pigmentation 41.7 26.17 upper see upper limb female genitalia 71.60 plane warts vs 33.44 lichen spinulosus (keratosis spinulosa) limbal broadening 39.19 scalp 41.11, 66.39, 66.41–3 post-infl ammatory hypermelanosis 19.75, 19.76 limbitis see also lichen planus, follicular lesions after 58.31 lichen striatus 5.11, 23.41–2, 65.29 management 67.23 lichen planus 41.1–20, 59.79 prognosis 41.17 race and 9.5 mucous membrane pemphigoid 67.18 actinic (subtropical) 41.12–13 pruritus in 41.9, 41.17 lichen verrucosus et reticularis (Nékam’s limb–mammary syndrome (LMS) 15.46, erythematous 41.13 race and 9.5 disease) 41.27–8, 73.44 15.64 acute, confl uence of lesions 41.14 relapses 41.17, 41.18 lichenifi cation 23.39–42, 64.27 limbus 67.4 allergic contact dermatitis and 26.26 reticular 69.61 aetiology 23.39 lime burns 25.12 alopecia 41.11, 41.14, 41.17, 66.39, scalp 41.11, 66.39, 66.41–3 in atopic dermatitis in animals 2.13 limonene (dipentene) 26.41, 26.42, 26.82 66.41–3 secondary syphilis vs 34.12 clinical features 23.39 lincomycin 75.58–9 annular 5.12–13, 41.7, 41.13, 41.17 segmental 41.12 defi nition 5.7, 23.39 lincosamides, side effects 74.42–3 associated conditions 41.16–17 sites 41.7 in eczema 23.4 lindane atrophic 41.13–14 ‘spiny’ lesion variant 41.7 female genitalia 71.52–3 adverse effects 75.164 histology 41.5 subacute, confl uence of lesions 41.14 genetics 15.10 in scabies 38.41 buccal 5.10, 41.8, 41.9 tongue 41.8, 41.9 giant of Pautrier 23.40 withdrawal 73.14 bullous 41.20–1, 41.25 treatment 41.17–20, 73.36 histopathology 23.39 linea alba 8.10, 17.5, 69.87 histology 41.5 ulceration of feet 41.14, 41.18 mechanical injury and 28.2, 28.28 linear dermatitis herpetiformis see linear cicatricial conjunctivitis 67.20 variants 41.9–14 pebbly 23.40 IgA disease clinical features 41.6–9 viral infections associated with 41.2–3 perianal/perineal 71.84–6 linear epidermal naevus syndrome 62.100 complications 41.14–16 without itching 41.17 lichenifi ed onchodermatitis 37.4, 37.5, linear furrows 45.2 dental amalgam association 41.3 zosteriform 41.12 37.6 linear IgA disease 40.45–51 diabetes mellitus and 41.9, 41.16 lichen planus follicularis 41.11 lichenoid, defi nition 41.1 acne vs 42.37 differential diagnosis 40.40, 41.17, tumid forms 41.14 lichenoid eruptions aetiology 40.45 51.117 lichen planus-like contact dermatitis defi nition 41.1 cicatricial conjunctivitis and 67.20 discoid lupus erythematosus with 41.23 drug-induced 41.23–5 clinical features 40.48–9 41.20 lichen planus pemphigoides 40.34, 41.20– melanoma and 41.6 defi ned 40.45 ear 68.15 1, 69.63 post-infl ammatory hypermelanosis dermal-associated 40.49 epidermodysplasia verruciformis vs drugs causing/associated with 41.25 58.31 differential diagnosis 40.50, 76.19 33.58 lichen planus pigmentosus 41.13, 41.17 see also lichen planus drug-induced 40.49, 75.39–40, 76.7 epitheliomatous transformation 41.8 lichen planus subtropicus 41.12–13 lichenoid melanodermatitis 41.13 immunoelectron microscopy 10.29 erosive 69.61, 69.62 lichen planus/lichen sclerosus overlap lichenoid photoeruptions 41.25 immunopathology 10.18 erythroderma and 23.48 syndrome 69.63 lichenoid reactions, symptomatic 41.23–7 oral involvement 69.65, 69.68–9 follicular lesions 41.11–12 lichen purpuricus see lichen aureus lichenoid tattoo reaction 58.58 paraneoplastic 62.46 histology 41.5 lichen ruber moniliformis (Nékam’s lichenoid tissue reaction pathogenesis/pathology 40.46–7 genetic factors 41.2 disease) 41.27–8, 73.4 contact 26.26 prognosis 40.50 genital 41.9 lichen ruber pemphigoides 41.20–1 histopathology 10.40 treatment 40.50–1 in females 71.59–61, 71.76 lichen sclerosus 40.40, 51.64, 51.112–18, lichens 26.24, 26.77, 26.82 ulcerative colitis and 62.51–2 in males 71.23–4 54.6, 71.87 lick granuloma 2.9 linear IgA mucous membrane genitocrural 71.5 aetiology 51.113 lidocaine 77.10 pemphigoid 40.49 guttate 41.14 anogenital lesions in women 51.115 adverse effects 77.10 linear lichenoid dermatosis see lichen hair involvement 41.14 associations 51.113 dosage 77.10 striatus hands 23.20, 23.21 Borrelia and 30.65 in nail biopsy 65.41–2 linear naevus syndrome see naevus, hepatitis B virus and 41.16, 62.59 breast 70.17 in post-herpetic neuralgia 63.7 sebaceous hepatitis C virus and 41.2–3, 41.16 child sexual abuse and 28.38 in tick removal 38.36 linear porokeratosis 18.25–6, 19.91 histology 41.4–6 in children 8.3 topical, in oral lichen planus 41.18 linear subcutaneous bands 51.131 HIV and 41.12 female 51.117 life quality index see Dermatology Life lines of Blaschko 15.6, 15.7 hyperpigmentation 41.12, 41.13 clinical features 51.114–15 Quality Index (DLQI) linezolid 30.9 hypertrophic 9.5, 41.7, 41.10 differential diagnosis 51.117 ligands 26.11 lingual varices 69.6 histology 41.4–5 in elderly people 8.27 ligase IV defi ciency 17.58 linkage disequilibrium 15.7–8 prognosis 41.17 extragenital 45.18 light linoleate 3.11 treatment 41.18 female genitalia 51.115, 71.57, 71.62–5, amplifi cation 78.1 linoleic acid 73.5 idiopathic 41.16 71.76, 71.77 laser 78.1–2 reduced in sebum in acne 42.23, 42.26 immune system in 41.1–2 human papilloma virus in 51.116 nature of 78.1–2 Linton’s operation 47.39 incidence 41.4 incidence 51.113 therapy see phototherapy Linuche unguiculata 38.56 itching 41.9 male genitalia 71.20–3, 71.40, 71.41 tissue interactions 78.4–5, 78.5–6, 78.9, lip(s) 69.1–2 Koebner response 28.3, 28.48, 28.73 balanitis xerotica obliterans 51.113, 78.12, 78.13 acquired lesions 69.119–28 laryngeal 41.9 51.116 light cautery actinic keratosis 52.30 lichen nitidus with 41.22 malignant changes 51.116 comedones 42.67 allergic contact dermatitis 26.17 linear 18.23–4, 41.12 in menopause 8.20 macrocomedones 42.63 augmentation 80.4, 80.5 multiple lesions 41.12 morphoea in 51.77 light-emitting diodes (LEDs) 29.2 basal cell carcinoma 69.53–4 in liver disease 62.64 nail involvement 65.29 light exposure chancre 69.121 localization to tattoos 58.58 oral 51.115, 69.63–4 mechanical injury 28.8, 28.53 chapping 69.119 macular variant 41.17 pathology 51.114 photodermatitis 28.92 cleft see cleft lip/palate ‘mixed’ with DLE 41.20 perianal/perineal 71.87 light-induced reactions, tattoo pigments in discoid lupus erythematosus 69.128 mucosal 41.7–8, 41.9, 41.15, 41.17, 41.18 prognosis 51.117 and 58.58 double lip 69.38 histology 41.5 purpura and bleeding in 49.17 light-refl ection rheography (LRR) 47.36 examination 69.5 treatment 41.18 scalp 66.50 light therapy, acne vulgaris 42.67, 42.68 fi ssure 69.129 nails 41.14, 41.15, 65.25, 65.29–30 treatment 51.118 lightning burns 28.90 staphylococcal 30.32 Nékam’s disease as variant 41.27 urethral stenosis in males 51.116 lightning pains 34.14 haemorrhagic crusting 69.121, 76.16 oesophageal 41.9 vasculitis and 50.49 lignocaine see lidocaine keratoacanthoma 69.54–5 oral 26.26, 41.9, 69.61–3, 69.65 lichen scrofulosorum 31.10, 31.21–2, 31.29 likelihood ratio 7.13 in leishmaniasis 69.121 complications 41.15 lichen nitidus vs 41.22 Liliaceae 26.76 leukokeratosis see cheilitis, actinic diabetes mellitus and 41.9, 41.16 lichen simplex 23.39–41, 64.27 limb(s) melanotic macule 69.27 differential diagnosis 41.9 clinical features 23.40 disproportionate growth 47.23 myxoid cyst 69.22, 69.65, 69.84, 69.110 drugs associated 41.25 defi nition 23.39 lower see lower limb naevi 69.29 histology 41.4 diagnosis 23.40–1 melanoma recurrence, management oedema 48.16 pathogenesis 41.1, 41.2, 41.3, 41.23 ear 68.23 54.54–5 pigmentation, Laugier–Hunziker treatment 41.18, 73.37 female genitalia 71.52–3 overgrowth (hypertrophy) 48.21 syndrome 58.14 62 Index

pits/sinuses 18.3, 18.90–2, 69.40–1 lipodystrophia centrifugalis abdominalis Lipometer® 42.7 livedo reticularis 28.66, 28.67–8, 49.48, lip-pit syndrome 15.93–4 infantalis 46.36 lipomodulin 13.23–4 51.132, 58.20 pseudocleft 69.37 lipodystrophy 46.34–43 lipomyelomeningocoele 18.96 acquired, non-physiological 28.68, radiotherapy 79.10, 79.11 acquired 46.34 Liponyssoides 38.51 49.49 in reactive perforating collagenosis generalized 46.37–9 lipophagic granuloma 46.13 antiphospholipid syndrome 49.41 69.129 antiretroviral drug association 46.41–3 lipopolysaccharide(s) cholesterol embolus and 49.36, 49.37 in sarcoidosis 69.129 breast 70.3, 70.4 in atopic dermatitis 24.7 in cryoglobulinaemia 49.33 secondary syphilis and 34.9 centrifugal 46.36 receptor 13.5 leg ulceration associated 47.55 senile haemangioma (venous lake) congenital 46.34 in vasculitis 50.5 Sneddon’s syndrome 49.42, 49.48 47.16, 69.101 generalized 46.37 lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) summer ulceration with see livedoid squamous cell carcinoma 69.42, 69.49– cystic angiomatosis with 46.37 12.9 vasculopathy 50, 79.10, 79.11 drugs associated with 35.22 lipoprostaglandin E1, livedoid livedo vasculitis see livedoid surgery 77.3, 77.5 generalized 46.34, 46.37–9 vasculopathy 49.44 vasculopathy syphilitic chancre 34.7 acquired 46.37–9 lipoprotein lipase 46.7, 59.89 livedoid vasculopathy 47.34, 47.55, 49.44 in systemic lupus erythematosus congenital 46.37 enhanced activity, multiple leg ulceration associated 47.55 69.128 HIV-associated 35.22, 46.41–3, 70.3, symmetrical lipomatosis 46.46 liver tattoos 69.96 70.4 lipoproteins 46.2 disorders 62.58–65 ulcers insulin 46.34, 46.35 atherosclerosis and 59.83 acute yellow atrophy 27.11 due to calibre-persistent artery lipoedema vs 48.19 classifi cation 59.82 alcoholic liver disease, methotrexate 69.129 metabolic abnormalities in 46.41, 46.42 elevated levels see contraindications 20.34, 74.21 imiquimod association 54.43 partial (progressive) 46.34, 46.36, hyperlipoproteinaemias cirrhosis 62.60–2 vermilion zone 69.1–2 46.39–40, 62.70 low-density (LDL) cutaneous features of chronic disease vermilionectomy 77.36 face-sparing 46.40–1 oxidised 49.41 62.61 wedge excision 77.35 familial (FPLD) 46.40–1 of standard lipid profi le, Friedewald oral manifestations 69.115 lip-pit syndrome 15.93–4 treatment 35.22 formula 59.84 pruritus in 21.9–10 lipid(s) see also lipoatrophy triglyceride rich (TRLs) 59.90 schistosomiasis 37.22 antibacterial properties 4.5 lipodystrophy syndrome, HIV-associated liposarcoma 56.58 skin pigment changes in 62.63–4 epidermal cells 42.5 46.41–3, 70.3, 70.4 well-differentiated 56.58 spider telangiectases 47.14, 47.15 foreign-body reaction to 61.22 lipoedema 48.19–20 liposomes 73.2 viral hepatitis, methotrexate photoprotective function 4.7 lipoedema–lymphoedema syndrome T4 endonuclease V formulation 73.23 contraindications 74.21 polar, stratum corneum 3.11 48.19 unilamellar 4.2 drug metabolism 72.27, 72.28–9 role in skin barrier function 3.11, 4.2, lipofi bromatosis 56.12 liposuction (lipectomy) 46.47 drug-related phenomena 62.62–3 25.2, 25.8 lipofuscins, in chromhidrosis 44.20–1 in HIV lipodystrophy 46.43 in echinococcosis 37.24 sebaceous cells 42.3, 42.5 lipogenesis 46.2, 46.3 in lipoedema 48.20 metastases, carcinoid syndrome 43.17, sebum 42.5, 42.5, 42.6 regulation in sebaceous glands 42.12 in lymphoedema 48.25 43.19 skin surface, abnormalities in HIV sebaceous 42.5 lipoteichoic acid 30.7, 30.12 in sarcoidosis 61.7–8 infection 35.15 lipogranuloma β-lipotrophin 58.7 systemic disease and 62.63 stratum corneum 3.10, 3.11 idiopathic 71.50 lipoxins 12.61, 13.4 in systemic sclerosis 51.101 synthesis in epidermis 3.10–11 male genitalia 71.15, 71.50 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) 12.61 transplantation 47.18 tear fi lm 67.2, 67.3 sclerosing 46.28, 46.29–30 inhibitor, acne vulgaris treatment liver function tests, isotretinoin use and in vehicles for topical therapy 73.5, female genitalia 71.56 42.66 42.64–5 73.6 foreign bodies 28.43–4 lipsalves liver spots 8.23, 54.3, 58.39 vernix caseosa 17.4 idiopathic (eosinophilic) 46.29, 46.30 contact cheilitis due to 69.119 liverworts 26.77, 26.82 lipid metabolism, disorders 59.81–93 see also paraffi noma possible allergens in 69.119 lizard skin 37.5, 37.6 dyslipidaemias see dyslipidaemias lipogranulomatosis, disseminated 59.41 Lipschütz-type ulcers, female genitalia lizards 2.4, 2.12 lipid pathway lipohypertrophy, buffalo hump 46.42 71.65–6 epidermis, shedding 2.3 ATP binding cassette A-1 (ABCA1) lipoid dermatoarthritis see multicentric Lipschütz ulcers pigment cells 2.6 59.83 reticulohistiocytosis CMV infection 33.29 LKB1 gene 58.12, 58.13 endogenous/exogenous 59.82 lipoid proteinosis 59.41–2, 62.100 EBV infection and 33.31 LL-37 3.16–17, 4.5, 43.2 reverse cholesterol transport 59.82–3 abnormal fi broblasts 3.50 lipsticks 26.17 in eczema herpeticum 33.35 lipid storage disease 44.18, 59.81–93 lipolysis 46.2–3, 46.3, 46.3 contact cheilitis due to 69.119 see also cathelicidins see also specifi c diseases lipoma 46.43–9 possible allergens in 69.119 LM see longitudinal melanonychia lipid vacuolation, neutral lipid storage aetiology and histopathology 46.44 liquefaction degeneration 10.38, 10.39 LMNA gene mutations 46.41 disease with ichthyosis 19.52–4 clinical features 46.44 liquid nitrogen 33.49, 77.10, 77.39 LMS (limb–mammary syndrome) 15.46, lipidosis, lipoedema vs 48.19 congenital 18.39 in acne vulgaris 42.68 15.64 lipiodol 48.17 diagnosis 46.44 photocarcinogenesis control 29.7 LMX1B gene 15.86, 62.69 lipoarabinomannan 31.1, 46.41–3, 70.3, frontalis-associated 46.45 skin biopsy sample in epidermolysis Loa loa 37.2, 37.3, 37.11–12, 37.16 70.4 in Gardner’s syndrome 46.44 bullosa 39.24 loath (endemic syphilis) 30.63 lipoatrophia semicircularis 46.36 genetics 15.26, 15.27 see also cryotherapy lobomycosis 36.77–8 lipoatrophic diabetes 46.37 granular cell (hibernoma) 46.45 Liquid Paraffi n BP 73.6, 73.31 Lobo’s disease 36.77–8 lipoatrophy 45.63, 46.11, 46.34 lumbosacral 18.39 liquiritin 73.28 local anaesthesia 77.10–11 facial see facial lipoatrophy multiple 46.44, 46.46–7 liquorice 73.28, 73.49, 75.160 animals 2.9 generalized 46.37–9 oral 69.113 Lisch nodules 15.16, 15.17, 58.18, 58.23, fi eld block 77.10 HIV-associated 35.22, 46.41 pleomorphic 56.57–8 62.23 in laser therapy 78.6 insulin 46.34, 46.35 in spinal dysraphism 63.15, 63.16 lisinopril 75.93 methods 77.10–11 lipoatrophic panniculitis 46.15 spindle cell 56.57–8 Listeria monocytogenes 30.35, 30.42 in nail biopsy/surgery 65.41–2 localized 46.34–7 tendon sheath 46.44 listeriosis 30.42 nerve block 77.2–4, 77.10, 77.40 ‘idiopathic’ 46.35–7 treatment 46.44, 77.35 neonatal 17.45, 30.42 in pregnancy 77.10 involutional vs infl ammatory 46.35 variants 46.44 Listrophoridae 38.46 principles 77.10 partial 46.31–2, 46.37, 46.39–40 lipomastia 70.3, 70.4 Listrophorus gibbus 38.46 ring block 65.42, 77.10 semicircular 28.27, 46.36 lipomatosis 46.46–7 lithium 64.52 in skin biopsy 10.2 trauma-related 46.36 congenital 18.39–40 adverse effects 75.80 topical 77.10 see also lipodystrophy congenital diffuse 46.47 acneiform eruption 42.73 local anaesthetic agents lipoblastoma 18.38–9, 56.57 Dercum’s disease 8.17, 46.46, 46.47–9, erythema multiforme 76.3, 76.4 adverse effects 26.17, 75.153–4, 77.10 lipoblastomatosis 56.57 48.20 erythroderma 23.47 artefacts in specimens due to 10.31 lipocortin 73.17 encephalocraniocutaneous 18.39, 46.46 lichenoid tissue reaction 41.25 in pruritus 21.17 lipocytes 46.2 mediastinal 46.46 Lithraea 26.75 skin testing for reactions to 75.172–3 coagulative necrosis 46.18 mediastinoabdominal 46.46 livedo 5.8, 5.10, 49.48 surgical complications associated with fat storage and metabolism 46.2–3 multiple symmetrical 46.46–7 antiphospholipid syndrome 49.41 77.9 ‘ghost’ 46.18 non-symmetrical 46.46 ‘broken,’ in cutaneous calciphylaxis types 77.10–11 see also adipocytes pelvic 46.46 49.47, 49.48 local lymph node assay 26.12 lipodermatosclerosis 46.30–1, 47.27, physiological, racial form 46.46 drug-induced 49.21 locusts 38.28 47.34 renal sinus and perirenal 46.46 livedo annularis see livedo reticularis LOD (lichenifi ed onchodermatitis) 37.4, acute 46.30, 46.31 lipomatosis dolorosa (Dercum’s disease) livedo racemosa 49.48 37.5, 37.6 chronic, lymphoedema with 48.13 8.17, 46.46, 46.47–9, 48.20 Sneddon’s syndrome 49.42, 49.48 lod score 11.12

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–24.34; Volume 2, pp. 25.1–44.22; Volume 3, pp. 45.1–62.113; Volume 4, pp. 63.1–80.14 Index 63

l’oedème bleu 46.28 lupoid grains 61.10 following BCG vaccination 31.29 lymphadenosis benigna cutis (of Löeffl er’s syndrome 37.14, 37.16 lupoid sycosis 30.25 histopathology 31.9–10, 31.16 Bafverstedt) 30.65, 57.59 Loeys–Dietz syndrome 45.30 lupus anticoagulant 49.39, 49.40 incidence 31.16 lymphangiectasia 48.15, 48.25 lofepramine 64.51 lupus anticoagulant syndrome 49.40–2, miliary 31.17 cutaneous 48.28–9 Lofgren’s syndrome 61.7 51.52, 51.63 papular and nodular forms 31.17 genital 48.28 logwood hair dye 66.97 clinical features 51.63 pathogenesis 31.16 intestinal 48.27–8 loiasis 37.11–12, 38.6 lupus band test 10.18 plaque form 31.16, 31.17 vulval 71.81 lomustine 75.125 lupus erythematosus (LE) 51.1–62 prognosis 31.17–18 lymphangioblasts 48.1, 48.2 lone star tick 38.35 aetiology, sunlight 12.12 treatment 31.19, 31.28 lymphangioendothelioma, benign longitudinal melanonychia 58.55, 65.2, in animals 2.16 tumour-like forms 31.17, 31.18 (acquired progressive 65.14, 65.38–41 antimalarials in 74.25 ulcerative and mutilating forms 31.16, lymphangioma) 48.30, 56.41 biopsy 65.40 assessment 72.10 31.18 lymphangiogenesis 48.2 in childhood 65.39 cell factor, deoxyribonucleoprotein vegetating form 31.16–17, 31.18 post-natal 48.2 in HIV infection 65.16, 65.23 51.52 luteinizing hormone (LH) 8.4 lymphangiography 48.9, 48.19 in lichen planus 65.29 cell phenomenon 51.52 in adolescence 8.4 magnetic resonance 48.19 race and 9.3 cell test 51.52 LH:FSH ratio, acne aetiology and 42.22 lymphangioma 48.25, 48.25–7 in SLE 58.27 cold-induced injury 28.65 menopausal fl ushing and 8.20 acquired (cutaneous lymphangiectasia) loose anagen hair syndrome 66.72–3 cutaneous 74.19 in menstrual cycle 8.8 48.28–9 loperamide, in carcinoid syndrome 43.19 cutaneous atrophy 45.6 in polycystic ovary syndrome 66.82 acquired progressive (benign lopinavir–ritonavir, adverse effect 35.22 differential diagnosis 29.12, 61.10 lutidine test 27.8 lymphangioendothelioma) 48.30, loratadine 22.29 discoid see discoid lupus erythematosus Lutzomyia 37.33, 38.5 56.41 adverse effects 75.149 (DLE) Lycopodium serratum 75.160 cavernous 48.27 in urticaria 22.28 drug-induced 29.21 Lycosa 38.30 female genitalia 71.72 loricrin 3.1, 3.10 drug-induced syndrome resembling Lycosidae 38.32 genitocrural 71.7–8 loricrin keratoderma 19.3, 19.19, 19.94, 75.20, 75.41–2 Lyctocoris campestris 38.25 macrocystic 48.27 19.98 ear involvement 68.14–15, 68.17 Lyell’s syndrome see toxic epidermal oral cavity 69.34 lormetazepam 75.81 erythema multiforme-like syndrome necrolysis (TEN) pinna 68.28 Lothian Atopic Dermatitis Study 6.5 and 51.14 Lyme disease 30.64–6, 69.118 progressive 48.30, 56.41 lotions 73.2 exfoliative cutaneous, in dogs 2.16 arthralgia in 62.105 secondary 48.28 thickened (gels) 73.2 gyratus repens 51.11 erythema migrans 62.106–7 term usage 48.25 Louis, Pierre Charles Alexander 7.1 hypomelanosis in 58.52 late-phase 30.65, 45.9–11, 45.18 lymphangioma circumscriptum 48.26 Louis–Bar syndrome see ataxia idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura ocular involvement 67.27 lymphangiomatosis, diffuse 48.27 telangiectasia (AT; Louis-Bar and 49.9 race and 9.18 lymphangiomyomatosis 48.30 syndrome) immunopathology 10.18 syphilis serological cross-reactivity lymphangions 48.4 louse fl ies 38.6 keratoderma produced by 19.117, 34.21 lymphangiopericytoma 48.30 lovastatin 75.156 19.118 vectors 38.35 lymphangiosarcoma 48.15, 48.31 love bites 28.24 leg ulceration and 47.55 lymecycline see also angiosarcoma Lovibond’s angle/profi le sign 65.7, 65.8 localization to tattoos 58.58 in acne vulgaris 42.46, 42.47, 42.48 lymphangiothrombosis 48.29 low-density lipoprotein (LDL) matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and in rosacea 43.6 lymphangitis 5.12, 48.29 oxidised 49.41 12.52 lymph 13.8–9 in lymphatic fi lariasis 37.9 of standard lipid profi le, Friedewald methotrexate in 74.19 drainage 48.3 milker’s nodule 33.10 formula 59.84 neonatal 17.16–18, 51.49–51, 62.78, drainage failure 48.7, 48.8 obliterative 48.8 low-level laser therapy (LLLT) 78.15 62.109 causes 48.8 in orf 33.9 lymphoedema management 48.23 telangiectases in 47.14 fl ow 48.6 recurrent 48.29 low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) neutrophilic dermatoses and 50.63 increased load (capillary fi ltration) sclerosing 71.14 in deep-vein thrombosis 47.29, 47.30 pigmentation changes 58.27 48.7, 48.13 lymphatic capillaries 48.3–4 heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and post-infl ammatory hypermelanosis stasis 48.15 increased fi ltration 48.7, 48.13, 48.21 49.28 after 58.31 thrombosis 48.29 lymphatic cisterns 48.26 in superfi cial venous thrombosis 47.30 subacute cutaneous 51.22–7 transport 48.5–6 lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) 48.2 lower limb subcutaneous nodules 51.14–15 lymph blisters 48.26, 48.28 lymphatic hyperplasia, dermal 48.2 bilateral whole-limb swelling 48.12 systemic see systemic lupus lymph node-to-venous shunts 48.25 lymphatic leukaemia 57.62 lymphangiectasia 48.28 erythematosus (SLE) lymph nodes pigmentation changes 58.26 lymphoedema 48.11–12, 48.20 treatment fi ne-needle aspiration 5.21 lymphatic malformations (LMs) 18.75–6, oedema, rapid development 49.17 antimalarials 74.25 head and neck 69.4, 77.2, 77.3 48.25–7 purpura 49.7, 49.17 methotrexate 74.19 involvement in squamous cell cervicofacial 48.27 see also leg(s) lupus erythematosus gyratum repens carcinoma 79.10–11 classifi cation 48.26 loxapine 75.82 62.39 lymph drainage to 48.5 localized congenital 48.25–6 LOXL1 gene 3.39 lupus erythematosus profundus 46.25–7, in melanoma see under melanoma, macrocystic 48.26–7 LOXL3 3.39 51.14–16 malignant microcystic 48.26 Loxosceles 38.32 associated features 51.16 radiotherapy, lymphoedema after truncal 48.27 Loxoscelidae 38.31, 38.32 breast involvement 46.25–6, 70.12 48.13 see also lymphangioma loxoscelism 38.31, 38.32 clinical features 51.15 structure and function 13.8–9 lymphatic network 3.52 LPS see lipopolysaccharide(s) histopathology 51.15 lymph sacs, primitive 48.1 lymphatic system 48.1 LPS-binding protein (LBP) 12.9 hypertrophicus et profundus 51.14–15 lymphadenectomy, melanoma 54.53 acquired abnormalities 48.29–30 Lucilia 14.22, 38.8 telangiectases 51.16 lymphadenitis anatomy 48.3 Lucilia sericata, larval therapy 28.22 treatment 51.15–16 histiocytic necrotizing 33.77 biomarkers 48.4–5, 48.19 Lucio reaction/phenomenon 32.13, 49.35 lupus-like reaction, minocycline-induced in HIV infection 35.24–5 congenital abnormalities 48.25–7 lues maligna 34.11, 34.14 42.51 inguinal, chancroid 34.34 see also lymphatic malformations lumbar sympathectomy, in systemic lupus mastitis 46.25–6, 70.12 Kikuchi’s histiocytic necrotizing, EBV (LMs) sclerosis 51.108 lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei see acne infection and 33.31 development 48.1–2 lumbosacral dimples 63.15 agminata lower limb 48.29 failure 48.25 lumican 45.33 lupus nephritis 51.35 tuberculous 35.25, 35.45 disorders 48.1–31 lumpy scalp syndrome 18.104, 68.5 lupus panniculitis see lupus lymphadenoma, cutaneous 53.11 see also specifi c disorders Lund and Bowder charts 28.77, 28.79 erythematosus profundus lymphadenopathy eyelids 67.2 lungs lupus pernio 61.1, 61.7, 61.9–10, 61.11 in cat scratch disease 30.57 function 48.5–6 Erdheim–Chester disease 55.18 rosacea vs 43.5 generalized, secondary syphilis 34.11 lymphatic tumours 48.30–1, 56.41–2 Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis (LCH) treatment 61.21 in Gianotti–Crosti-like syndrome 33.77 lymphatic vessel(s) 55.7, 55.11 lupus vulgaris 31.10, 31.16–19 in granuloma inguinale (donovanosis) acquired abnormalities 48.29–30 in SLE 51.43, 62.82 clinical features 31.16–17 34.36 anatomy 48.3 in systemic sclerosis 51.98 complications 31.17–18, 31.19 in lymphogranuloma venereum 34.33 aplasia 48.9 see also entries beginning pulmonary, cutaneous atrophy 45.6 in rubella 33.70 biomarkers 48.4–5, 48.19 respiratory defi nition 31.16 in sarcoidosis 61.1, 61.7, 61.9, 61.13 blood vessels differentiation 48.4, 48.19 lunula 3.14, 65.1 diagnosis 31.18–19 sinus histiocytosis with massive contractile collectors 48.3, 48.4, 48.6 in nail–patella syndrome 65.19 differential diagnosis 61.5, 61.13 lymphadenopathy (SHML) 55.29 malformations in 48.26 red 65.17, 65.36 ear involvement 68.17, 68.20 in SLE 51.48 progressive distal failure 48.12 64 Index

decongestive therapy 48.21–4 ear 48.12, 48.16 lymphogranuloma venereum (inguinale) true histiocytic 55.31, 55.33–4 dendritic cell migration 48.6 epidemiology 48.7–8 30.70–1, 34.32–4, 48.12, 71.71–2, zoster complication 33.23, 33.25 dermal backfl ow 48.3, 48.19 eyelids 77.2 71.93 see also B-cell lymphomas; non- development 48.1–2 congenital 48.16 clinical features 34.32–3 Hodgkin’s lymphoma; T-cell failure 48.25 facial 48.12, 48.13, 48.16 syphilis vs 34.7 lymphomas post-natal 48.2 management 48.23 lymphography lymphomatoid granulomatosis see die-back phenomenon 48.12 familial, after puberty 48.10 indirect 48.19 polymorphic reticulosis dilatation see lymphangiectasia fi larial 48.12, 48.24 isotope 48.17 lymphomatoid papulosis 57.29–30 disorders 48.1–31 genetic forms 48.10–11 X-ray contrast 48.17 lymphopenia, HIV infection 35.10 see also specifi c disorders genital 30.70, 48.12, 48.16 lymphohistiocytosis lymphophagocytosis, in sinus distal hypoplasia 48.11 management 48.23 autoimmune disease-associated reactive histiocytosis with massive dysfunctional, lymphoedema due to germline forms 48.10 haemophagocytic 49.6 lymphadenopathy 55.29 48.14 in granulomatous diseases 48.13, familial haemophagocytic (FHL) lymphoproliferative disorders failure, oedema 48.7, 48.8 48.23 55.25–6 cryoglobinulinaemia and 49.32 function 48.5–6 head and neck 48.12, 48.13, 48.16 lymphoid markers 10.25–6 EBV association 33.30–1 hypoplasia and hyperplasia 48.9 management 48.23 lymphoid tissue primary cutaneous CD30+ 57.29–34 immune function 48.6, 48.29 hereditary type I 48.8, 48.9–10 primary 13.7–8 lymphomatoid papulosis 57.29–30 initial (non-contractile, terminal) 48.3–4 hereditary type II 48.10 secondary 13.8–9 see also specifi c lymphoproliferative function and lymph transport 48.5–6 in herpes simplex 33.18 lymphoma(s) 57.1–64, 62.89–90 disorders imaging 48.19 infection prevention 48.22, 48.24 adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma see lymphorrhoea 48.15, 48.26 insuffi ciency 48.7–8, 48.29 infection treatment 48.24 adult T-cell leukaemia– lymphosarcoma, pigmentation changes manual drainage therapy 48.23 infections after 48.15 lymphoma (ATLL) 58.26 obliteration 48.8, 48.29 infections causing 48.12 angiocentric, EBV-positive 57.40–1 lymphoscintigraphy 5.22, 48.17 obstruction 48.8, 48.11, 48.28 infl ammation with 48.12–13 angiotropic (intravascular) 33.65, 46.23, melanoma 54.51, 54.52 pressure 48.6 inherited forms 48.9–10 50.46–7 normal 48.18 recurrent acute infl ammatory episodes investigations 48.17–19 B-cell see B-cell lymphomas lymphostatic vasculopathy 48.8 48.29 in Kaposi’s sarcoma 48.14, 48.30–1 Burkitt’s 33.30 lymphvasculogenesis 48.2 reduced number 48.8 Klippel–Trenaunay syndrome and CD30-positive large cell 33.65 failure/impairment 48.8 refl ux in 48.8 48.10, 48.12, 48.21 cutaneous 57.1–64 lynx spiders 38.32 remodelling 48.2 localized 48.17 cutaneous B-cell 62.89 lyonization 15.6 separation from blood vessels 48.2 lower limb 48.11–12, 48.20 cutaneous T-cell (CTCL) 62.89 lysine, in tropoelastin 3.43 structure 48.3–5 malignancy as complication 48.15 chronic actinic dermatitis vs 29.18 lysine residues thrombosis 48.29 malignancy associated 48.8, 48.14, diffuse plane xanthomatosis in 55.22 collagen 3.37, 3.38 transplantation 48.25 48.30 γ/δ group (CGD-TCL) 46.23 elastin 3.43, 3.44 transport in 48.5–6 management 43.6–7, 48.21–5 in HIV infection 35.41 lysosomal storage disorders 59.30–41 valves 48.3, 48.4 best practice 48.21 in hyperparathyroidism 62.12 angiokeratoma-associated 59.35 lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan drug therapy 48.24–5 hypopigmentation 58.52 lysosomal traffi cking regulator, gene receptor see LYVE-1 effi cacy evidence 48.23 ichthyotic variant 62.90 mutation, in Chédiak–Higashi lymphatic vessel-to-venous shunts 48.25 of infections 48.24 pigmented purpuric dermatoses and syndrome 58.41 lymphaticovenous anastomosis 48.25 intensive and maintenance 48.23 49.23 lysosomes lymphocoele 48.29–30 physical therapy 48.21–4 radiotherapy 79.13 mediators of infl ammation 12.53 lymphocyst 48.29–30 surgery 48.25 topical mechlorethamine treatment sebaceous cell 42.3 lymphocyte(s) 12.14, 12.17–30 weight loss and oxygen 48.23 73.23–4 lysozyme 10.24, 13.1, 13.4, 30.4 activation, suppression by tacrolimus/ massive localized 48.17 treatment 73.36 in sarcoidosis 61.20 pimecrolimus 73.31 mechanical injury and 28.1–2, 28.8, dermatitis herpetiformis and 40.61 lysyl hydroxylase 45.35 infi ltrates 57.60 28.31 ear 68.18, 68.34 lysyl oxidase (LOX) 3.39, 3.44, 45.35, band-like, in lichen planus 41.4, 41.5 melanoma and 48.8 EBV association 33.30–1 45.39 infi ltration midline 48.16 erythroderma and 23.48 lysyl oxidase-like genes/proteins 3.39 differential diagnosis 51.7 management 48.23–4 formation, chronic actinic dermatitis Lytta vesicatoria 38.26 in familial haemophagocytic in Noonan’s syndrome 15.14 and 29.17 LYVE-1 10.24, 48.19 lymphohistiocytosis 55.25 obesity and 48.20–1 genital involvement lymphatic vessel marker 48.4, 48.5 in syphilis 34.5 palmoplantar keratodermas and 19.118 in females 71.79 nuclear dust, karyorrhexis and 46.26 pathology 48.8 in male 71.48 proliferation, in cytophagic histiocytic pathophysiology 48.8–9 HIV infection and 35.41 M panniculitis 46.23–4 pelvic malignancy 48.8 hydroa-like 46.32–3 M cells 13.9 subpopulation measurements 13.22–3 penile 71.28, 71.49–50 Ki-1 positive 55.32 M-plasty 77.16 toxicity assay 75.174 periorbital oedema 67.5 large cell, EBV association 33.30–1 M proteins 30.12, 30.13 transformation tests 26.98, 75.174 pitting absence 48.14 large cell anaplastic 57.31–3 Maastricht model 47.27 see also B lymphocytes; T lymphocytes in pregnancy 8.17 malignant histiocytosis vs 55.32 Mac387 10.24 lymphocyte function antigens, LFA-1 primary 48.7, 48.9–12 Lennert’s lymphoma 57.64 antibodies 55.19 13.9 causes 48.9 mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue macassar 26.80 lymphocytic lymphoma, differential congenital 48.8, 48.9–10 (MALT) 57.2, 57.43 Machado–Guerreiro’s test 37.32 diagnosis 51.7 genetic/inherited forms 48.9–11 NK-cell Machaerium scleroxylon 26.81 lymphocytoma phenotypes 48.11–12 blastic 57.39 machine tool operators/setters, risk of borrelial 62.106 proximal obstructive 48.11, 48.15 EBV association 33.31 occupational dermatoses 27.2 solitary, in Lyme disease 30.65 referrals 48.21 oral 69.57–8, 69.116 Machupo virus 33.67, 33.69 lymphocytoma cutis 57.59 in rosacea 43.4, 43.6–7, 48.13, 48.16 perianal/perineal 71.99 macrocephaly, with cutis marmorata differential diagnosis 51.7, 61.13 sarcoidosis and 48.13, 48.23 pigmentation changes 58.26 telangiectatica congenita 18.68 ear 68.15 scar 48.17 plasmablastic 35.41 macrocheilia 69.126 lymphoedema 3.52, 46.7, 48.7–48.19 secondary 47.35, 48.7, 48.12–14 primary cutaneous macroclimate 6.12 angiosarcoma and 56.38 soft stage and hard late-stage 48.8 (anaplastic) CD30+ large cell macrocomedones 42.22, 42.30, 42.57 assessment before treatment 48.21 trauma-induced 48.12, 48.13 lymphoma 57.31–3 isotretinoin fl are and 42.63 breast 48.8, 48.17, 48.20 truncal 48.15 hepatoerythropoietic porphyria removal 42.63, 42.67 management 48.23 management 48.23 59.13–15 treatment failure 42.56–7 breast cancer-related 48.8, 48.17, 48.20 upper limb 48.12, 48.13 WHO–EORTC classifi cation 57.2 macroconidia 36.3, 36.4, 36.18, 36.41 cellulitis and 48.12, 48.15, 48.17 venous disease association 48.12, 48.13 pseudolymphomas, ADRs 57.53–4 macrogingivae, congenital 66.76 α management 48.24 venous leg ulcers and 47.45 radiotherapy and non-melanoma skin 2-macroglobulin 13.4 classifi cation and causes 48.9 vulval 48.16, 71.81 cancer due to 52.5 venous microcirculatory disorders clinical diagnosis/features 48.14–15 lymphoedema praecox 48.7, 48.9, 48.10 sarcoidal reaction in 61.23 47.27 complications 48.15 lymphoedema tarda 48.7, 48.8, 48.9 sarcoidosis and 61.17, 62.40 macroglossia 62.2, 69.113, 69.114 congenital 48.9 lymphoedema–distichiasis syndrome subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell macrogols see polyethylene glycols eyelid 48.16 (LDS) 48.8, 48.9, 48.10, 62.77 (SPTL) see under T-cell macrolide antibiotics 74.42 Crohn’s disease and 48.13, 48.16 lymphoepithelioma, nasopharynx 53.41–2 lymphomas acne vulgaris treatment 42.46–7 defi nition 48.7 lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma sweating in 44.7 macromastia 70.3 dysfunctional lymphatics causing 48.14 53.41–2 T-cell see T-cell lymphomas macromelanosomes 58.23

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–24.34; Volume 2, pp. 25.1–44.22; Volume 3, pp. 45.1–62.113; Volume 4, pp. 63.1–80.14 Index 65

macronychia 65.9 magenta paint 36.48, 36.49 Malassezia globosa 42.75 as lymphoedema complication 48.15 macrophage(s) 12.4, 12.26–30, 13.9, 17.48 topical therapy 73.48 Malassezia pachydermatitis, in dogs 2.14 male genital region 71.46–9 arterial disease pathogenesis 47.1 maggot therapy, venous leg ulcers 47.48 Malassezia sympodialis 33.35, 42.75 mechanical injury 28.62–3 CD11b, UVR effects 29.5 maggots 14.22, 38.8 malathion 73.14 metastatic 52.1, 62.17–19 cytokines released 46.4 MAGIC syndrome 45.44, 69.47 in clothing/body louse infection 38.22 female genital involvement 71.79 dermal 3.19 magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), in head louse infection 38.19 immunopathology 10.24 in embryonic dermis 3.3 peripheral arterial disease 47.4 resistance 38.20 male genital involvement 71.48 foamy 46.11 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 5.22 in scabies 38.41 nail involvement 65.34 in granuloma inguinale 34.37 foreign bodies 28.42 Malayan krait 38.60 oral cavity 69.55–6 immature 55.4 muscle hernias 28.62 male(s) radiotherapy 79.13 intraepidermal see Langerhans’ cells sarcoidosis 61.7 acne vulgaris 42.17–18 telangiectatic 62.16 in leprosy 32.7 Sturge–Weber syndrome 18.66 sexual development 8.2, 8.4 tumour-to-tumour 62.18 malignancies involving 55.31–4 venous malformations 18.71 spermatogenesis 8.4 umbilical dermatology 71.101 melanin in, incontinentia pigmenti magnetic resonance lymphangiography male angiomyofi broblastoma-like tumour neoplastic vaginal discharge 71.54 58.15 (MRL) 48.19 76.8 oral cavity 69.13, 69.22, 69.42, 69.49– microscopy 10.34 Magnolia offi cinalis 75.160 male genital dermatology 71.8–52 456, 69.98–9 phagocytosis 55.4 main succulente 63.14 circumcision 71.13, 71.20, 71.24, 71.39 metastatic 69.55–6 failure 55.27 maintenance, of skin 3.5–7 congenital and developmental palmoplantar keratodermas 19.106, receptors 55.4 Majocchi’s disease (purpura annularis abnormalities 71.13–14 19.116–17 in relapsing febrile nodular panniculitis telangiectodes) 49.22, 49.25 drug reactions 71.27–8 pigmented purpuric dermatoses and 46.13 Majocci’s granuloma, in HIV infection foreskin 71.9, 71.12–13 49.23 in subcutaneous fat 46.4, 46.6, 46.11 35.32 general approaches 71.1–4, 71.8–10 pruritus and 21.11 surface markers 55.29 major basic protein 13.5, 67.15 infl ammatory dermatoses 71.16–29 radiotherapy and non-melanoma skin tissue 55.2 in urticaria 22.3 lichen planus 41.9 cancer due to 52.5 phagocytic function 55.4 major complement components, malignant neoplasms 71.46–9 reduced by sunscreens 73.41 see also histiocytes defi ciencies 51.54 miscellaneous conditions 71.49–52 sarcoidosis and 61.17 in visceral adipose tissue, in obesity major histocompatibility complex (MHC) non-sexually transmitted infections scleroderma-like lesions and bFGF 46.4 13.14 71.29–33 51.79 in wound healing 14.3 class I molecules 4.8, 13.10 normal genital variants 71.11–12 sweating associated 44.7 see also monocyte(s); monocyte– defi ciency 17.61 pain and swelling 71.49–50, 71.51–2 Sweet’s syndrome and 50.74, 50.75 macrophage system hair cycle and 66.11 premalignant dermatoses and TNM staging 69.51 macrophage activation syndrome 49.6 class II molecules 4.8, 13.9–10 carcinoma in situ 71.37–9 transplacental transfer 17.19 macrophage infl ammatory protein(s), in defi ciency 17.60–1 sexually transmitted diseases 71.33–5 tuberculosis and 31.18, 31.19, 31.21 vasculitis 50.10 expressed by phagocytes 55.4 squamous cell carcinoma 71.22, umbilical dermatology 71.101 macrophage infl ammatory protein-1α dysfunction or genetic alteration of 71.39–46 wound healing and 14.18 (MIP-1α) 12.16, 12.18, 12.25, MHC alleles 12.13–14 structure and function of male genitalia xeroderma pigmentosum and 15.72 12.39, 12.45, 12.46, 13.4 genetics 15.8–9 71.10–11 see also carcinoma; tumour(s); specifi c macrophage infl ammatory protein-1β infl ammation and 12.13 trauma and artefact 28.24, 28.39, tumours (MIP-1β) 12.46 MHC class I chain-related gene B 71.14–16 malignant down 66.78 macrophage migration inhibition assay (MICB) 12.14 tumours 71.35–7 malignant melanoma see melanoma, 75.174 peptide-binding capacity 12.13 see also individual conditions malignant lichenoid eruptions due to drugs 41.23 Mal de Meleda 19.3, 19.94, 19.100–1 maleopimaric acid 26.79, 26.82 malignant neoplasms see malignant macrophage migration inhibitory factor mal de pinto (pinta) 30.63–4 malformation sequence 18.1 disease (MIF) 12.27 mal morado 37.7 malformation syndromes 18.1 malignant peripheral nerve sheath macrophage–monocytes see monocyte– malabsorption 59.58–9, 69.116 aplasia cutis congenita in 18.102–6 tumours (MPNST) 15.18 macrophage system bacterial overgrowth 51.100 malformations 18.1, 47.21–5 malingering 64.43 Macrothele 38.31 causes 59.58 arteriovenous see arteriovenous ‘Mallorca’ acne 42.79 macrotia 68.4 in children with HIV infection 35.45 malformations (AVMs) malnutrition maculae caeruleae 38.22–3, 49.17 eczema and 23.27 capillary 47.23, 47.25 child abuse 28.38–9 macular amyloidosis 9.17, 58.28, 59.46 hair loss and 66.29 venous see venous malformations in children with HIV infection 35.45 macules pigmentation changes 58.28 Malherbe, benign calcifying epithelioma dermatophytosis and 36.22 amelanotic, vitiligo 58.47–8 systemic sclerosis 51.99 of 53.12–13 hair colour change in 66.94 ash-leaf 15.22 vitamin B12 defi ciency, systemic Mali, prevalence of skin disease 6.10 hair loss in 66.29 blue, in argyria 58.54 sclerosis 51.102 malignant atrophic papulosis see Degos’ hypertrichosis in 66.78 defi nition 5.7 malaise, systemic, in photosensitivity disease pityriasis versicolor and 36.10 differential diagnosis 32.15 disorders 29.23 malignant disease 52.1 pressure ulcers 28.18, 28.21–3 erythema dyschromicum perstans 58.33 malakoplakia 55.27 acanthosis nigricans 19.120 purpura in 49.18 erythematous, herpes zoster 67.26 HIV infection 35.36 in amputees 28.29 wound healing and 14.18 freckles 58.10 vulval 71.70 benign tumours vs 52.2 malondialdehyde, increased levels, genetics 15.16–18, 15.22 malaria 37.27, 38.2, 38.5, 44.7 burns and 28.90–1 rosacea 43.2 hypomelanotic 58.52 pigmentation in black people and 58.9 development see carcinogenesis Malpighian layer 3.8 vitiligo 58.47 Malassezia direct spread to skin 62.15–17 ballooning of cells, VZV infection infl ammatory, in acne 42.32 aberrant reaction to, HIV infection ear 68.30–4 33.23–4 labial melanotic 54.2 35.15 female genital region 71.76–9 MALT (mucosa-associated lymphoid Laugier–Hunziker syndrome 58.14 antibody response to 36.11 following chemotherapy 75.124 tissue) 57.2 lentigo 54.3 atopic dermatitis and 24.11, 36.13 genetics 11.17–19 MALT lymphomas 57.2, 57.43 in leprosy 32.9 in confl uent and reticulate genodermatoses associated 62.19–29 maltase defi ciency 44.18 melanotic see melanotic macules papillomatosis 36.13–14 granuloma annulare and 60.9 Malvaceae 26.81 Peutz–Jeghers syndrome 58.12 dermatitis in animals due to 2.14 haematological 62.88–90 mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) simple haemorrhage/purpura 49.2, folliculitis 23.34, 36.13 hyperpigmentation 58.25 74.5 49.3, 49.4 acne vs 42.37 ichthyoses 19.39, 19.55, 19.56, 19.61, mammals tuberous sclerosis 58.44 genetics 15.10 19.63 glands 2.4 maculopapular rash 5.7, 33.4 identifi cation 36.9 immune system and 13.15 hair 66.1 madarosis 32.11, 62.10, 67.4, 67.4 in invasive otitis externa 68.25 immunopathology 10.19 pigment cells 2.6 MAdCAM 13.9 male genital infection 71.18, 71.33 internal mutations affecting 2.6–7 Madelung’s neck 46.46 in neonatal pustulosis 17.47–8 acquired acanthosis nigricans 58.25 skin 2.3 Madura foot see mycetoma in normal skin fl ora 30.2, 36.10, 36.13 Bowen’s disease and 52.33 see also animal(s); specifi c mammals Madurella grisea 36.73 in pityriasis capitis 66.56 cutaneous markers 62.14–29 mammary glands 44.18, 70.1 Madurella mycetomatis 36.72, 36.73, 36.74 pityriasis versicolor and 36.10, 36.11, Muir–Torre syndrome 52.10, 53.15 ectopic, anogenital 53.37 maduromycosis see mycetoma 36.12 multicentric reticulohistiocytosis see also breast madurosis 67.8 seborrhoeic dermatitis and 17.29, 23.29, 55.24 mammary-like glands, anogenital 53.37 Maffucci’s syndrome 18.72, 65.34 23.30, 36.13, 66.56 thrombophlebitis migrans and 47.30, tumours 53.37–8 bone and joint involvement 62.100 Malassezia furfur 42.24 47.31 mammary ridges 70.1 lymphoedema 48.11, 48.31 acne aetiology and 42.24 investigation 62.14 mammo-renal syndromes 70.2 oral involvement 69.13, 69.29, 69.30 folliculitis 42.37 lymphoedema associated 48.8, 48.14 mammoplasty, reduction 70.3 66 Index mandible 69.2 mast cell(s) 3.19–20, 12.24–6, 13.5 matrilysin (MMP-7) 12.5, 12.52 musical instruments 28.25–6 examination 69.5 activation 3.20, 22.4 MMP1 3.40, 8.21–2, 47.27 Nikolsky sign 28.4, 76.17 mandibulofacial dysostosis 18.80–1, 68.4 IgE-mediated 3.20 MMP2 47.27 overview 28.1–4 manganese in atopic dermatitis 3.20 MMP3 (stromelysin-1) 3.41 pathological variation 28.8 in Hailey–Hailey disease 39.33 in atopic eye disease 67.15 MMP8 3.41 physiological variation 28.7, 28.18 in tattoo pigments, allergic reactions cathelicidins 12.7 MMP9, in lichen planus 41.2 pressure ulcers 28.16–23, 28.27–8 58.58 connective tissue type 3.19 MMP10 (stromelysin-2) 3.41 sexual abuse 28.34, 28.37–8 mange cytoplasmic granules 3.19 synthesis and secretion 3.41 skin function and properties 28.5–7 demodectic 2.10 degranulating triggers 22.35 tissue inhibitors see tissue inhibitors of skin lesions in drug addicts 28.52–3 dogs 2.10 dermal 3.19 metalloproteinases (TIMPs) sports injuries 28.30–2, 28.53–6 ‘head’ (feline) 2.10 in embryonic dermis 3.3, 3.19 UVR-induced 8.21, 8.22, 29.7 suction 28.23–5, 28.39 sarcoptic 2.10 functions 3.20 in Winchester’s syndrome 45.50 swimming and diving 28.31, 28.53–6 sheep and cattle 2.10–11 increased in ageing skin 8.22 in wound healing 14.4, 14.5 torture injuries 28.32–4 mango 26.75 in infantile haemangioma 18.42 wrinkles and 45.2 vibration 28.56–60 mangrove fl y 37.11 infl ammatory mediator release 3.20 Mauriac’s syndrome 60.9 mechanical nociceptors 4.9 mannan-/mannose-binding lectin/ sodium cromoglycate action 73.51 Maurice’s syndrome 33.18 mechanical properties of skin 4.7–8 protein 13.2, 13.3, 17.48 in mastocytosis 22.30, 22.34 mauve stinger 38.56 mechanics, occupational hazards 27.20 defi ciency 13.4 microscopy 10.35 Max Joseph spaces, in lichen planus 41.4 ‘mechanic’s hands,’ antisynthetase measurement 13.18 mucosal type 3.19 maxacalcitol 73.43, 73.46 antibodies 51.125 mannans 36.1, 36.58 nerve interactions 3.20 structure 73.44 mechanobullous diseases 39.1 mannose receptor, and other C-type neutral protease content 12.24 maxilla 69.2 in animals 2.17 lectins 12.10 origin and development 3.19 examination 69.5 see also epidermolysis bullosa (EB) mannosidoses 59.34 products released 3.20 maximal skin tension lines 77.2, 77.11, mechanoreceptors 4.9, 4.10, 63.2 Mansonella ozzardi 37.8 pruritus and 21.4, 21.8 77.13 rapidly adapting 4.9 Mansonella perstans 37.8 receptors 12.25 maximization test 26.11, 27.10 slowly adapting 4.9 Mansonella streptocerca 37.8 in rosacea 43.4 May–Thurner syndrome 47.32 mechlorethamine Mansonia altissima 26.81 secretory granule 12.25 Mazzotti’s test 37.7 and carmustine (BCNU) 57.23 Mantoux test 31.6 staining 10.9 MBL see mannan-/mannose-binding hypersensitivity to 73.23 manual lymphatic drainage therapy tumours, in animals 2.9, 2.22–3 lectin/protein topical 73.23–4 (MLD), in lymphoedema in urticaria 22.3, 22.4–5 MBP see mannan-/mannose-binding see also nitrogen mustard 48.23 mast cell growth factor/stem cell factor lectin/protein Meckel’s diverticulum 18.93 Manuka honey 73.48 (M/SCF), melanocyte mitogen MBT (mercaptobenzothiazole) 26.64 meclofenamate sodium 75.76 manzanillo tree 25.21 58.5 MC1R (melanocortin 1 receptor) 3.21, medial canthus 67.2 MAP kinase pathway 3.16–17 mast cell tryptase 13.16 29.5, 54.2, 54.33, 58.7 basal cell carcinoma 67.35 stem cell signalling 3.6 mast cell tumours, in animals 2.9, 2.22–3 MC1R gene 2.5, 2.6, 54.33, 66.90–1 in mucous membrane pemphigoid 67.18 maprotiline 75.79 mast-cell growth factor see stem-cell MC903 see calcipotriol medial pterygoid muscle, examination marasmus 59.67 factor McCune–Albright syndrome 15.18, 58.18– 69.5 hair loss in 66.29 mastectomy, angiosarcoma following 19, 62.13, 62.99, 62.100 median 7.17, 7.18 marbling, neonatal 17.4 56.38 neurofi bromatosis vs 58.18 median raphe cysts, male genital region Marburg disease/virus 33.67, 33.69–70 mastitis 8.13 McGrath syndrome 15.46 71.35 diagnosis 33.5 in breastfeeding 70.10 MCP see CD46 median umbilical ligament 18.94 Marcain see bupivacaine duct ectasia/periductal mastitis MCUS (multiple cutaneous and uterine medical elastic compression stockings Marfan’s syndrome 45.30–1 complex 70.8 leiomyomatosis) 56.55 (MECS) aetiology 45.30 granulomatous 31.25 MDBGN (methyldibromo glutaronitrile) deep-vein thrombosis 47.29, 47.30 bone and joint involvement 62.100 lupus 46.25–6 26.55 Klippel–Trenaunay syndrome 47.24 clinical features 45.30 neonatal 17.43 MDS see myelodysplastic syndrome thrombophlebitis migrans 47.31 defi nition 45.30 mastocytoma 22.32 MDT (multidrug regimen), in leprosy see also compression stockings diagnosis 45.30–1 in cats 2.22 32.16–17 medical literature FBN1 gene 3.45 skin biopsy 10.43, 22.34 meadow dermatitis 58.32 appraisal and evaluation of research management 45.31 mastocytosis 22.30–6, 62.43 phytophotodermatitis 29.21, 58.32, papers 7.10, 7.13, 7.15, 7.16–23 mechanical injury 28.2 aetiopathogenesis 22.31 75.162 databases 7.5–6 pathology 45.30 aggressive 22.31, 22.33 mean 7.17, 7.18 keeping up with 7.2 pregnancy and 45.31 bone and joint involvement 62.99, measles 33.75–6, 69.95, 69.118 language bias 7.7–8 Margarita Island ectodermal dysplasia 62.101 aetiology and pathology 33.75 publication bias 7.7, 7.8 15.46 bullous 22.32 antibodies 33.75 searching 7.5–6 marginal papular acrokeratoderma 9.10 classifi cation 22.30–1 atypical, in HIV infection 35.45 medical publications see medical marginal papular keratodermas 19.95, clinical presentation 22.31 clinical features 33.75 literature 19.114–15 cutaneous 22.30, 22.31, 22.31–3 diagnosis and prevention 33.75 MedicAlert bracelet 38.15 marginal zone lymphoma, primary B-cell diffuse 22.33 MMR vaccination 33.71 in latex allergy 26.106 57.43–5 emergency management 22.35 neonatal purpura 49.20 medicolegal issues marine worms, cuticle and epidermis fl ushing associated 43.16 treatment 33.76 factitious skin disease 64.45 2.2 genetics 22.30, 22.31 measurement of disease 72.8–14 occupational dermatoses 27.17–18 Marjolin’s ulcer 28.20, 28.91 histopathology 22.34 correlation with QOL measures 72.14 Medina worm 37.12–13 marking nut tree 26.75 investigation 22.34–5 value of 72.8 Mediterranean fever 30.73 Marshall’s syndrome 15.46, 46.20 management 22.35–6 mebendazole 74.50–1 MEDLINE 7.5, 7.6 MART-1 see Melan-A prevalence 22.31 in dracunculiasis 37.13 medroxyprogesterone acetate 75.119 martin bug 38.24 prevention 22.35 in enterobiasis 37.14 MedWatch 75.3 mask of pregnancy see melasma prognosis 22.36 mechanical acne 42.76–7 Mees’ lines 65.15, 65.16 masons, occupational hazards 27.20 pruritus in 21.10, 22.32, 22.35 mechanical injury 28.1–63 mefenamic acid 75.76 mass populations reactions 64.25–6 systemic 22.30, 22.31, 22.33–4 amputees 28.27–9 mefl oquine 75.70 massage, in lymphoedema 48.23 mastopathy, diabetic 50.49 biomechanical considerations 28.4–9, Megalopyge 38.29 masseter muscles, examination 69.4 materia alba 69.87 28.11 megalymphatics 48.12 Masson’s ammoniacal silver nitrate stain Matricaria 25.21 child abuse 28.34–9 megestrol 75.89, 75.119 10.8–9 matrilysins 12.5, 12.52 determinants 28.2, 28.6–7 meglumine antimoniate 37.39 Masson’s naevic corpuscles 54.19 matriptase 12.50 evaluation methods 28.5–6 Meibomian ductules Masson’s pseudoangiosarcoma matrix Gla protein 49.48 foreign bodies 28.39–52 epithelial metaplasia 67.21 (intravascular papillary matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) 3.40– friction 28.2, 28.9–16, 28.28 keratinization 67.11 endothelial hyperplasia) 56.23–4, 1, 12.51–3 hypothenar hammer syndrome 28.26, Meibomian gland 42.1, 67.2 69.102 ADAMs 12.51 28.56 dysfunction 67.7, 67.9 Masson’s trichrome stain 10.9 ageing and 80.1, 80.2 internal 28.60–2 epidemiology 67.6 Masson’s vegetant intravascular in chronic wounds 14.11 Koebner response 28.2–3, 28.15, 28.48, in Stevens–Johnson syndrome 67.21 haemangioendothelioma hair growth and 66.10 28.73 hypertrophy 27.13 (intravascular papillary inhibitors see tissue inhibitors of malignant neoplasms 28.62–3 lipids, composition change in rosacea endothelial hyperplasia) 56.23–4, metalloproteinases (TIMPs) miscellaneous reactions to mechanical 43.7 69.102 in Kawasaki disease 50.45 trauma 28.25–39 normal, ducts 67.11

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–24.34; Volume 2, pp. 25.1–44.22; Volume 3, pp. 45.1–62.113; Volume 4, pp. 63.1–80.14 Index 67

Meibomian gland disease (MGD) 67.11 dendritic, in dermal melanocytosis melanogenesis 58.2 intracerebral primary 54.13 Meibomian lipids 67.11 58.36 biochemistry 58.5–6 invasive Meibomian seborrhoea 67.7, 67.11 dermal–epidermal junction 54.1, 54.2, hair follicles 66.90–1 elderly people 8.28–9 meibomitis 67.7, 67.9 54.4, 54.15, 54.18 increased 58.9 treatment 54.39 meibum, abnormal production 67.11 development 58.3–4 oestrogen effect 58.7 juvenile see naevus, Spitz Meige’s disease 48.9, 48.10 signalling and transcription factors UV-stimulated 58.31, 58.32 lentigo maligna see lentigo maligna meiosis, defi nition 15.3 58.3 see also melanin(s), synthesis/ melanoma Meirowsky phenomenon 58.10 differentiated 3.21 production lichenoid tissue reaction association Meissner’s corpuscles 3.15, 4.9, 4.10, 63.2, distribution 58.2–3 melanogenuria, slaty-blue dermal 41.6 63.14 regional 58.3 melanosis 58.25 lymph node involvement 54.47, 54.50 Mel-5 10.21, 20.22 electron microscopy 10.29–30 melanoleucoderma 15.47 de novo origin 54.47 Melaleuca alternifolia oil see tea tree oil embryology and affi nities 3.3, 3.5, melanoma, malignant 54.32–57 management 54.53 Melan-A 10.21, 20.22 3.21 ABCD categories/mnemonic 54.37 lymphoedema 48.8 Melan-A mart melanoma antigen 53.39 evolution 2.5–6 acquired melanocytic naevi progression lymphoscintigraphy 54.51, 54.52 melanin(s) 5.15, 54.1, 58.1 G-protein-coupled receptors 3.21 54.37, 54.38 management/treatment 54.49–56 absence, vitiligo 58.47 grafts 77.22 acral lentiginous 15.11, 54.35, 54.44, after excision of primary 54.50–3 in animals 2.5 in greying hair 66.92 54.45, 54.46, 65.40 anti-CTLA-4 antibody therapy 54.54 in basal cell carcinoma 52.21 hair bulb 66.4, 66.90 aetiology 29.7, 54.32–3 azelaic acid 73.28 biological signifi cance 58.8–9 hair follicles 58.3 AJCC staging system 54.49, 54.50 biological therapies 54.53–4 as chromophores 78.3 increased activity 58.31 amelanotic 65.39 of brain metastases 54.55–6 evolution 2.1 increased number 58.9, 58.11, 58.31 subungual 54.46 follow-up after surgery (stage I/II) forms/types 2.5 tanning 58.31 animal-type 54.48 54.53 function 3.3 see also lentiginosis in animals 2.20–1, 2.22 interferon-alpha (IFN-α) therapy hair pigmentation and 3.20, 66.89–890, keratinocytes surrounding 54.18, 58.2, anorectal 54.47 54.53–4 66.90–1 58.7 antibodies, diagnostic use 54.39 metastatic to lymph glands 54.53 in Hodgkin’s disease 57.63 large, reduced, piebaldism 58.42 ‘at risk’ patients, identifi cation 54.34 palliative care 54.54, 54.55, 54.56 increased, Peutz–Jeghers syndrome lentiginous hyperplasia 54.30 atypical mole syndrome 54.34, 54.47 radiotherapy 54.55, 54.56, 79.12 58.13 lips 69.2 atypical naevi progressing to 54.28, recurrent disease in limb 54.54–5 mixtures of eumelanins and markers 3.21, 10.21–2 54.29–30, 54.31 stage IV disease 54.54, 54.55–6 pheomelanins 58.5, 58.6 melanin synthesis 4.7, 58.2 biomarkers 54.51 topical imiquimod 73.24 mucocutaneous, Peutz–Jeghers genetic variation 58.2–3 biopsy 54.38 metastasis 5.15 syndrome 58.12 migration into dermis 54.18 breast 70.14, 70.15 brain 54.54, 54.55–6 photoprotective role 4.7 mitogens and growth factors 58.5 Breslow thickness 54.49, 54.52 childhood melanoma 54.48 pigment types 3.20 in nail matrix 3.15, 65.2, 65.14 carcinoma erysipeloides 48.31 in transit 54.54–5, 54.55 protective function 58.8, 58.10 number in skin 58.9 CDKN2A gene 54.33 to lymph glands, management 54.53 synthesis/production 3.21, 4.7, 58.2, number of keratinocytes associated childhood 54.48–9 placental and fetal 54.57 58.5, 58.6 58.2 Clark levels 54.38 in pregnancy 54.56 by C. albicans 36.57 in piebaldism 66.93 clinical diagnostic aids 54.37 retarded in horses 2.20 delayed effect of tanning 29.5 proliferation 54.2 clinicopathological variants 54.35–6 sites 54.51, 54.54 genetic variation 58.2–3 atypical naevus 54.28 communicating prognosis 72.5 solitary brain 54.54, 54.55 inhibition by depigmenting agents basal cell carcinoma 52.21 congenital naevi progression 54.10, topical imiquimod 73.24 73.27 melanoma 54.35–6 54.13 unknown primary site 54.47 see also melanogenesis seborrhoeic keratosis 52.39 CT scan after relapse 54.50 minimal deviation 54.48 types 58.5, 58.6 race and 9.2 dermoscopy 54.19, 54.38 mortality 54.32 melanoacanthoma 52.39–40 reduction in number desmoplastic 54.42, 54.43 mucosal 54.46–7 eyelid 67.34 age-related 58.3 differential diagnosis 54.6, 54.38–9 multiple primary 54.47–8 see also melanotic macules disorders 3.21 acquired melanocytic naevi vs 54.19, myxoid 54.42 melanoacanthosis see melanotic macules regulation 58.7–8 54.38–9 naevoid 54.48 melanoblasts 3.3 response to UV 58.7 atypical melanocytic naevus vs neurotropic 54.42 development in neural crest 58.3 signalling pathways 3.21 54.28, 54.38 nipple, Paget’s disease vs 53.39 migration and differentiation 58.3–4 stem cells 3.21 basal cell carcinoma vs 52.21 nodular 54.35, 54.36, 54.40, 54.54 melanocortin UV-induced growth arrest 58.7 halo naevus vs 54.20 elderly people 8.29 in Addison’s disease 58.7 melanocyte lineage, development 58.3 malignant blue naevus vs 54.27 Notch signalling abnormality 3.21 MC1 melanocyte-specifi c antibody, HMB-45 metastasizing Spitz naevus vs 54.22 obesity and 8.17 Melanocortin-1 gene 2.5, 2.6 58.3 Spitz naevus vs 54.22, 54.23–4, 54.39 oral cavity 54.6, 69.98–9 sebocytes expressing 42.4 melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) ear 68.33–4 palliative management 54.54, 54.55, MC5, sebocytes expressing 42.4 12.63–4 early, features 54.19 54.56 Melanocortin-1 gene 2.5, 2.6 melanocyte mitogen 58.5 elective lymph node dissection (ELND) palmoplantar 54.35, 54.44, 54.45 Melanocortin-1 receptor genes 2.5, 2.6, melanosome transfer to keratinocytes 54.51 phenotypic risk factors 54.33 54.33, 66.90–1 58.4 equine, human melanoma comparison photography, detection by 54.31 melanocortin receptor(s) MSH-2, in Muir–Torre syndrome 53.15 2.20 pre-pubertal 54.48–9 MC5-R, sebocytes 42.4 pigment cell regulation in fi sh 2.5–6 evolving from congenital naevi 54.10, pregnancy and 8.12, 54.56–7 melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) 3.21, α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α- 54.13 prevention 54.34 29.5, 54.2, 54.33, 58.7 MSH) 29.5 eyelids 67.35, 67.36 prognosis 54.49–50, 54.52 MC1R gene 2.5, 2.6, 54.33, 66.90–1 pigmentation and 66.90–1 familial 54.33–4, 54.48 PUVA lentigo and 54.5 melanocyte(s) 3.1, 3.20–1, 54.1, 54.10, sebaceous gland activity 42.12 family history 54.47–8 race and 9.18 54.15, 58.1, 58.2–5 β-melanocyte-stimulating hormone female sex hormones and 54.56–7 radial growth phase 54.28, 54.36 absence (β-MSH) fi ne needle aspiration cytology 54.53 early, vs atypical naevus 54.28 lichen planus 41.4 in Cushing’s syndrome and follow-up after surgery 54.53 recurrence piebaldism 58.42 hyperpigmentation 58.24 following chemotherapy 75.124 local 54.54–5 vitiligo 58.47 hypermelanosis in systemic disorders generalized lentiginosis and 54.3 risk factors 54.49 age-related changes 80.2 58.25, 58.27 genetics 6.12, 11.18 relapse, staging at 54.50 age-related reduction in number 58.3 melanocytic lesions, dermal 54.7–9 genital 54.47 risk after childhood cancer 54.15 in alopecia areata 66.33 melanocytic naevi see naevus, melanocytic female genital region 71.77–8 risk markers, atypical melanocytic in animals 2.5–6, 2.6 melanocytoma 54.9 male genital region 71.47 naevi 54.28 autoantibodies, in vitiligo 58.46 melanocytoma–acanthoma, in dogs 2.21 Glasgow seven-point check-list 54.37 secondary from occult primary site in basal layer of epidermis 58.2, 58.3 melanocytosis growth phases 54.35–6 54.47 birds 2.6 dermal 58.36–8 halo naevus with 58.49 sentinel node biopsy 54.39, 54.50, compound naevus, and cell types 54.18 disseminated dermal 58.38 histogenetic types/sites 54.37–49 54.51–2, 54.53 in culture 58.2 leptomeningeal 54.13–14 in HIV infection 35.39–40 slaty-blue dermal melanosis 58.25 culture of 58.5 oculodermal see naevus, of Ota immunohistochemistry 54.49 small cell 54.48 response to UV 58.7 see also hyperpigmentation in situ 54.29–30, 54.35–6, 54.39 of the soft parts 54.48 cytological atypia, atypical naevus melanodermatitis, lichenoid 41.13 early, vs atypical naevus 54.28 solar (actinic) keratosis and 54.33 54.30 melanoepithelioma, non-naevoid, type 1 incidence 54.32 spitzoid 54.22, 54.23–4, 54.25 dendrite formation 58.4 52.39–40 increased with sunscreen use 73.41 see also naevus, Spitz 68 Index

stage III disease, radiotherapy 54.56 pigmented (mucosal) 54.2, 54.6–7 premature 8.19 Merkel cell–neurite complexes 3.15–16 stage IV disease 54.51 see also melanoacanthoma skin disorders 8.20 Merkel’s receptors 4.9, 4.10 management 54.54, 54.55–6 melanotic progonoma 56.52–3 sweating associated 44.7 merthiolate 25.21, 26.46, 73.8 staging 54.49, 54.50–1 α-melanotrophin 58.7 menotrophin 75.117 mesalazine 75.56 subungual/periungual 54.44–6, β-melanotrophin 58.7 menstrual cycle 8.8–9 mesenchymal cells 3.3–4, 3.49 65.39–41 γ-melanotrophin 58.7 allergic contact dermatitis and 26.8 dermis formation 3.5 differential diagnosis 54.18 melasma 58.25, 58.34–5 atopic dermatitis and 24.19 signalling 3.3–4 in situ 54.46 laser therapy 78.11, 80.11 cutaneous changes 8.8–9 mesenchymal markers 10.22–4 sun exposure and 6.12, 29.7, 54.32–3, race and 9.16 hormonal infl uences 8.8 mesna 75.125 54.34 rarity with HRT 58.34 initiation 8.4 SLE 51.62 sunscreen use 54.34, 73.41 topical therapy 73.26–7, 73.27, 73.28 sebum production changes 42.11 mesoderm 3.3 superfi cial spreading 54.31, 54.35, melatonin urticaria and 22.11 Mesoknemidokoptes laevus 38.46 54.36, 54.37, 54.37–40 adverse effects 70.5 menstrual toxic shock syndrome 71.67 mesomelic dwarfi sm–skeletal atypical naevi progression 54.28, hair growth and 66.9 menstruation, pigmentation changes abnormalities–ectodermal 54.29–30, 54.31 receptors 3.21 58.25 dysplasia 15.47 congenital naevi complication 54.13 Meleda, mal de 19.3, 19.94, 19.100–1 mental defi ciency 15.23 mesperidine, lobular panniculitis with differential diagnosis 54.38 Meleney’s ulcer 47.57 mental illness, perceptions of 64.7 crystals after 46.17 generalized lentiginosis and 54.3 Meliaceae 26.81 mental nerve 77.2, 77.4, 77.10 17α-mesterolone 42.16 halo naevus vs 54.20 melioidosis 30.50–1, 62.80 mental neuropathy 62.39 meta-analyses 6.16, 7.4 pathology 54.38–9 Melkersson–Rosenthal syndrome 42.74, menthol appraisal and evaluation 7.7–11 regression 54.37 48.16, 61.23, 69.37, 69.60, 69.125 in pruritus 21.17 metabolic disorders 59.1–104 sites, colour 54.37 Meloidae 38.2, 38.26 topical therapy 73.48 connective tissue diseases 51.79 verrucous variant 54.38–9 melorheostosis 18.33, 62.103 mepacrine (quinacrine) 13.24, 74.25–6 eye and skin involvement 67.30 surgical treatment of primary site 54.39 melphalan adverse effects 75.70 oral manifestations 69.117 survival rates 54.52 adverse effects 75.125 lichenoid eruptions 41.24 in pregnancy 8.11, 8.12 susceptibility, in lentiginosis 54.3, 54.4, isolated limb perfusion in recurrent nail colour changes 65.16 scleroderma-like lesions 51.79 54.5 melanoma 54.54 pigmentation 58.55 metabolic syndrome 46.7 TNM staging system 54.50, 54.50 Meltzer’s triad 49.33 in discoid lupus erythematosus 51.21 criteria 46.7 transplacental transfer 17.19 membrane co-factor protein see CD46 in subacute lupus erythematosus 51.23 psoriasis and 6.13 umbilical 71.101 membrane-coating granules (Odland mephenesin 66.94 metachromasia, scleroedema 51.119 vaccines 54.54 bodies) 3.1, 3.8, 3.11, 4.2, 4.3 mephenytoin, melasma-like metal halide lamps 29.2 vaginal 54.47 membrane inhibitor of reactive lysis hyperpigmentation 58.34 metal piercings 28.51–2 verrucous 54.38–9 (CD59) 14.4 Mepilex 39.28 metal workers, occupational hazards vertical growth phase 54.36 MEN see multiple endocrine neoplasia Mepitel 39.28 27.20 vulval 54.47 (MEN) mepivacaine 77.10 metalloelastases 3.44 Melanoma Genetics Consortium 54.33 men who have sex with men (MSM) meprobamate, adverse effects 75.81 metals melanoma-inhibitory activity (MIA) 54.51 dermatophytosis 35.32 mequinol 73.27 as allergens 26.30–40 melanoma–astrocytoma syndrome 62.20, genital chlamydial infections 34.29 mercaptans, substituted 73.29 pigmentation due to 58.54–5 62.22 gonorrhoea 34.25, 34.26 mercaptobenzothiazole 26.64 prosthetic implants 26.37 melanoma–nervous system tumours herpes simplex infection 33.16 6-mercaptopurine 20.40, 59.63 see also specifi c metals (NST) syndrome 62.20, 62.22 HIV infection/AIDS 35.2, 35.5, 35.13, mercurials 26.17 metaphyseal chondrodysplasia of melanonychia see longitudinal 35.15, 35.30, 35.32 as allergens 26.39 McKusick 15.93 melanonychia lymphogranuloma venereum 34.32, organic 26.57–8 metaplasia 10.40 melanophages 54.26 34.33 mercuric chloride 10.31 metastases see malignant disease, in amyloidosis 58.28 syphilis 34.3, 34.7 mercury 75.101–2 metastatic hyperpigmentation treatment 73.26 MEN1 gene 62.24, 62.68 as allergen 26.21, 26.39 metastatic calcifi cation 59.69–70 melanophores 2.6 Mendes da Costa syndrome see exposure to during pregnancy 18.2 metformin, in hirsutism 66.88–9 melanophylin 58.4 erythrokeratoderma variabilis in homeopathic medicines 75.162 methacrylic acid esters, lichen planus-like melanosis Mendes da Costa–van der Valk syndrome hypersensitivity to 75.34 contact dermatitis 41.23 Becker’s see naevus, Becker’s 58.20 as irritant 25.21 methaemoglobinaemia, linear IgA disease circum-/intra-oral 69.21 menin 62.24 lichen planus pathogenesis and 41.3 40.50 frictional 28.15 meningeal neurosyphilis 34.14 lichenoid eruptions due to 41.24 methandienone, dermatomyositis genital 54.2 meningioma 18.95 pigmentation due to 58.55 51.129 mucosal 54.6–7 cutaneous 56.51–2 poisoning 69.83–4 methanol 25.3, 25.19, 25.20 neurocutaneous 54.11 meningism, herpes simplex 33.17 in tattoo pigments, allergic reactions methenamine 73.9 penile 58.15, 71.49 meningitis 58.58 methicillin 75.50 periorbital 67.5 anthrax 30.41 topical application 75.165 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus post-infl ammatory 47.33 cryptococcal 35.33 see also dental amalgam (MRSA) 30.9, 38.8, 74.40 primary acquired 54.40–1 in loiasis 37.11 mercury arc lamps 29.1 community-acquired 30.9, 30.22 smoker’s 69.96 meningococcal 30.44–5 mercury compounds, abuse for skin foreign bodies 28.48 transient neonatal pustular 9.12, 17.8–9 recurrent lymphocytic 33.19 lightening 73.26 in HIV infection 35.24 universal acquired 58.22 meningococcaemia, purpuric 49.20 Merkel cell(s) 3.1, 3.15–16, 63.2 male genital infection 71.33 vulvovaginal 58.15, 71.79–80 meningococcal infection 30.44–5, 62.105 autoantibodies to 3.16 in neuropathic ulcers 63.9 melanosis circumscripta precancerosa of purpura in 49.20 cytokeratin 20 53.31 otitis externa and 68.21 Dubreuilh see lentigo maligna septicaemia 30.44, 49.20, 62.105 in desmoplastic trichoepithelioma 53.9 prevention of spread 77.5, 77.7 melanosomes 3.20, 58.1 see also Neisseria meningitidis development 3.3, 3.5, 3.16 wound infection 14.16 absence, piebaldism 58.42 meningocoele 18.95 glabrous skin 3.16 methimazole 18.102 compound 62.6 meningoencephalitis 30.44 hyperplasia 3.16 methotrexate 13.24, 74.19–23 development 58.3 in sarcoidosis 61.7 immunohistochemistry 53.43 adalimumab and, ADEPT study electron microscopy 10.29–30 zoster 33.26 immunoreactivity 3.15 74.7 ellipsoidal 58.10 meningoencephalocoele 18.95 neurosecretory granules 3.15 adverse effects 70.5, 72.29, 74.21, in freckles 58.10 meningothelial heterotopias 56.51–2 origin 3.16 75.130–1 Laugier–Hunziker syndrome 58.14 meningovascular syphilis 34.14 size and structure 3.15–16 acute toxic effects 20.34, 72.29 racial differences 3.21, 9.2, 58.10 Menkes’ syndrome 3.44, 45.14, 45.39 trichoblastoma 53.10 dermatological 75.130 size and number, racial differences 3.21 copper defect 3.44, 45.14, 59.76 Merkel cell carcinoma 3.16, 33.37, 53.42–4 oral 69.56 transfer to keratinocytes 4.7, 58.4–5 hair in 66.63, 66.64, 66.65 eyelids 67.36 systemic 75.130–1 transport to dendrite of melanocytes occipital horn syndrome and 3.44, genetics 15.27 toxicity in elderly people 8.28 58.4 45.14, 45.36, 45.39 in trichilemmal cyst 53.4 alcohol abuse 74.21–2 variations in skin colour and 58.10 menopausal fl ushing 8.20, 43.15 see also Merkel cell tumours in atopic dermatitis 24.31, 74.18–19 in warts 33.47 menopause 8.19–21 Merkel cell polyomavirus 33.37, 53.42 in bullous pemphigoid 74.18–19 melanotic lesions, mucosal 54.6–7 age of onset 8.19 Merkel cell tumours contraindications 74.21 see also melanotic macules defi nition 8.19 diagnosis 10.20–1 in cutaneous lupus erythematosus (LE) melanotic macules 69.27, 69.98 female genital changes 71.55 ear 68.34 74.19 dermal 54.7–9 hormonal and physiological changes radiotherapy 79.13 in dermatomyositis 51.129 labial 54.2, 54.6, 54.7 8.19 see also Merkel cell carcinoma in dermatoses 74.20

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–24.34; Volume 2, pp. 25.1–44.22; Volume 3, pp. 45.1–62.113; Volume 4, pp. 63.1–80.14 Index 69

dose range and evidence level 20.33, mianserin 64.51 Microsporum audouinii 36.19 incidence and aetiology 52.47 74.19 adverse effects 75.79 dermatophytide due to 36.36 neonatal 17.5 absolute or relative overdose 74.22 erythema multiforme 76.3, 76.4 identifi cation 36.37, 36.39 treatment 52.48, 78.14 acute toxicity and overdosage 74.23 Mibelli’s porokeratosis 19.91, 66.51 investigation 36.6 Milian’s white atrophy (atrophie blanche) folate supplementation 74.22–3 disseminated superfi cial ‘actinic’ in tinea capitis 36.25–6, 36.27 15.13, 23.35, 47.34, 49.44 genetic factors in response to 11.16 porokeratosis vs 52.36 in tinea corporis 36.23, 36.24 miliaria 44.13, 44.15–16 interactions 72.29 mice see mouse in tinea faciei 36.29 aetiology and pathology 44.15 intralesional 77.49 Michaelis–Gutmann bodies 55.27 Microsporum canis 36.19, 36.21 amputees 28.29 in liver disease, contraindications Michelin tyre baby 18.36, 18.40, 18.107 in animals 2.12 causes 25.2 20.34, 74.21 Michel’s transport medium 10.4–5, 39.24 identifi cation 36.37, 36.40 clinical features 44.15–16 management of therapy 74.21–32 miconazole investigation 36.6 natural history 44.16 concurrent therapy 20.33 in candidiasis 36.68 in tinea barbae 36.28 neonatal 17.7–8 haematological abnormalities. 74.23 in dermatophytosis 36.48 in tinea capitis 36.26, 36.27 in pregnancy 8.10 laboratory control 20.34 in napkin dermatitis 17.26 in tinea corporis 36.24, 36.25 pustular 44.16 monitoring schedule 74.22 topical 73.12 in tinea faciei 36.29 sports injuries 28.30 in microscopic polyangiitis 50.36 miconidin 26.76 Microsporum equinum treatment 44.16 in morphoea 51.75 microabscess identifi cation 36.39 miliaria crystallina (sudamina) 17.7–8, in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) Munro 10.41, 65.25 in tinea capitis 36.26 44.15–16 74.21 papillary tip 10.41 Microsporum ferrugineum miliaria profunda 44.15–16 in pregnancy 74.21 Pautrier 10.41 identifi cation 36.39 miliaria pustulosa 17.7, 17.8 prescribing safety 72.26, 74.21 microaneurysms, Degos’ disease 49.45 investigation 36.6 miliaria rubra 17.7–8, 44.15–16 in psoriasis 20.33–5, 74.18–19 microangiopathy 47.26 in tinea capitis 36.26, 36.27 miliary eruptions, syphilis 34.11 in HIV infection 35.17 thrombotic 49.12 Microsporum fulvum 36.26 milium see milia in psoriatic arthritis 20.59 microarrays 11.7–8, 11.9 Microsporum gypseum 36.6, 36.26, 36.39, milk in sarcoidosis 61.21, 74.20 high-throughput genetic analysis 15.6 36.40 acne and 42.34 in SLE 51.62 microbial recognition, by immune system in animals 2.12, 2.13 allergy 22.6 topical 73.23 12.8–9 Microsporum nanum 36.6, 36.26, 36.40 milk lines 70.1, 70.2 4-methoxyphenol 73.27 microcephaly lymphoedema–chorioretinal Microsporum persicolor 36.19, 36.24, milker’s nodule 33.10–11 5-methoxypsoralen, Berloque dermatitis dysplasia 48.10 36.40–1 milker’s sinuses 28.49 and 58.32 Microciona prolifera 38.59 Microsporum vanbreuseghemii 36.26 millipedes 38.54–5 8-methoxypsoralen, adverse effects, microclimate 6.12 microthalmia (mi) mutants 58.3 milowood 26.81 ocular 67.32 Micrococcus microtia 68.4 Milroy’s disease 48.8, 48.9–10 methyl aminolevulinic acid (Metvix®) classifi cation 30.2 microtubules 3.9 Mima cream 43.6 in normal skin fl ora 30.2, 30.3, 30.4 melanosome, for transfer 58.4 in normal skin fl ora 30.2 methyl bromide 75.163 bacterial counts 30.3 microvascular damage, pressure ulcers see also Acinetobacter 6-methyl coumarin 26.23 quantitative studies 30.3 28.17 Mimosaceae 26.80 methyl-ethylketone 25.20 Micrococcus kristinae 30.2, 30.3 microvascular occlusion 49.3, 49.26–48, mineral oil methyl methacrylate 27.9 Micrococcus luteus 30.2, 30.3 50.54–5 as carcinogen 52.4 methyl salicylate 75.165 Micrococcus lylae 30.2, 30.3 calcifi c uraemic arteriolopathy 49.47–8 injections in sclerosing lipogranuloma methylamfetamine 75.87 Micrococcus sedentarius 30.2, 30.3, 30.39 classifi cation of disorders 49.27 46.28, 46.29–30 methylation, genomic imprinting 15.6 Micrococcus varians 30.2, 30.3 coagulopathies with cutaneous features in topical treatment 73.6 4-methylbenzilidene camphor 26.62 microcomedones 42.22, 42.23, 42.25, 42.43 49.38–42 Mineral Oil USP 73.6 methylcellulose 73.2 microconidia 36.3, 36.4, 36.41 cryogelling causing 49.32–4 minimal erythema dose (MED) 29.5, 29.8 methylcellulose eye drops 51.138 microcystic adnexal carcinoma 53.35–6 emboli causing 49.36–8 minocycline 74.41 methylchloroisothiazolinone 26.53 microdeletion syndromes 18.2 platelet plugs causing 49.27–31, 49.41 acne vulgaris treatment 42.47, 42.48 methyldibromo glutaronitrile 26.55 microdeletions 15.2 reticulocytes causing 49.47 adverse effects 26.46, 42.50–1, 75.54 methyldopa microdontia 69.7 vascular coagulopathies causing black galactorrhoea 70.6 adverse effects 70.5, 75.96 microfi bril-associated fi brillar proteins 49.42–7 drug hypersensitivity syndrome lichenoid tissue reaction due to 41.25 (MFAP) 3.45 vessel-invasive organisms causing 42.51 methylene blue 17.12 microfi bril-associated glycoprotein 49.34–6 hyperpigmentation 69.97, 75.33, methylene chloride 25.20 (MAGP) 3.45 microvilli 2.2 75.52–3 trans-3-methyl-2-hexanoic acid 44.1 microfi brils 3.2, 3.42 microwave radiation burns 28.90 lupus-like reaction 42.51 methylisothiazolinone 26.53 see also elastin-associated microfi brils MIDAS syndrome 18.103–4 nail colour changes 65.38 methylphenidate 75.83 microfi laments 3.9 genetics 15.4, 15.85 ocular 67.31–2 β methylprednisolone, SLE 51.62 2-microglobulin, in sarcoidosis 61.20 midazolam, in dystrophic EB 39.30 pigmentation 42.50–1 methylprednisolone aceponate 73.16 microhaemagglutination, Treponema midges 38.7 pigmentation due to 58.55–6 metoclopramide, adverse effects 70.5 pallidum 34.20 biting 38.6, 38.7 in dissecting folliculitis of scalp 42.74 metophyma 43.9 microimmunofl uorescence (MIF), midgut tumours, carcinoid syndrome dose range and evidence level 74.30 metoprolol 75.91 lymphogranuloma venereum associated 43.18 in hidradenitis suppurativa 42.75 metronidazole 74.43 34.33 midline cervical cleft 18.86 in leprosy 32.17 adverse effects 26.46, 75.59 micronychia 65.9 Miescher’s granulomatous cheilitis 48.16, Propionibacterium acnes resistance 42.47, in amoebiasis 37.28 micropapular eruptions, syphilis 34.11, 61.23, 69.60, 69.125–7 42.56 in Demodex infection in rosacea 43.3 34.12 Miescher’s radial granulomas 46.12 in rosacea 43.6, 43.7 in dracunculiasis 37.13 microphthalmia mice 2.7 MIFT-1 10.21, 20.22 in sarcoidosis 61.21 in fi sh odour syndrome 44.20 microRNA (miRNA) 3.50 migraine, rosacea association 43.1 topical, in acne 42.41 in rosacea 43.3, 43.6 microsatellite instability (MSI) 57.20 migration minoxidil 73.49–51 in seborrhoeic dermatitis 23.33 Muir–Torre syndrome 52.10, 53.15 atopic dermatitis and 24.2–3 adverse effects 26.18, 73.50, 75.96–7, topical 73.10 microscopic polyangiitis (polyarteritis) risk factor for skin disease 6.12 75.165–6 in rosacea 43.6, 73.9, 73.10 50.35–7 migration index 26.98 ear canal hypertrichosis 68.18, 68.21 in trichomoniasis 37.29 respiratory tract involvement 62.83 migration inhibition factor 26.98 hypertrichosis 66.79 Mexican chicken bug 38.24 microscopy 5.18, 5.20–1 migratory thrombophlebitis 47.30–1, in alopecia areata 66.37, 73.50 Mexico capillary see capillary microscopy 62.42–3, 62.66 in androgenetic alopecia 66.24, 66.25, dermatological care 6.16 dark-fi eld, syphilis diagnosis 34.3, Mikaelian syndrome 15.47 73.49–50 prevalence of skin disease 6.9 34.18–19 Mikulicz cell 30.52 indications 73.50 mexiletine 75.165 electron see electron microscopy Mikulicz syndrome 61.7, 69.57 mechanism of action 73.50 Meyerson phenomenon (halo dermatitis) epiluminescence see dermoscopy Mikulicz’s syndrome 51.49 minute keratoses 19.92–3 23.12–13 fl uorescence 36.7 see also Sjögren’s syndrome miosis, in Horner’s syndrome 63.22 Meyerson’s naevus 54.20 indirect immunofl uorescence 16.5–6 milfetosine 74.51 MIP-1α 12.16, 12.18, 12.25, 12.39, 12.45, MGIT 31.6 preparation for 10.32 milia 52.47–8 12.46, 13.4 MGUS (monoclonal gammopathy of tissue sections 10.31–6 colloid see colloid milium MIP-1β 12.46 uncertain signifi cance) 13.15 microsponges 73.2 defi nition 5.7, 52.47 miracidia 37.20, 37.23 MHA-TP test 34.20 microsporidiosis, HIV infection 35.35 differential diagnosis 42.36, 52.47–8 MIRL (CD59) 14.4 MHC see major histocompatibility Microsporum 36.18 in dystrophic EB 39.18, 39.21 miRNA 3.50 complex (MHC) identifi cation 36.8 eyelid 67.33 mirror watching 64.19 mi mutants 58.3 see also dermatophytes hands 25.15, 25.16 mirtazapine 21.17, 21.18, 64.51, 75.79 70 Index mites 38.36–54 mollusca fi brosa 15.17 monocyte–macrophage system 12.26–9, pansclerotic morphoea in children rosacea pathogenesis 43.2–.3 molluscipox viruses 33.5, 33.11, 35.30 13.5 51.71–2, 51.75 see also Demodex molluscs 38.59 major functions of monocytes/ pathology 51.67 MITF gene, Waardenburg’s syndrome in HIV infection 35.30–1 macrophages 12.27 post BCG vaccination 51.65 58.44 pigment cells 2.5 major products released 12.27 prognosis 51.74 Mitf protein 58.3 molluscum bodies 33.11 major receptors expressed 12.27 superfi cial morphoea 51.69 mitochondria molluscum contagiosum 33.11–14, 71.34 role of macrophages in immunity 12.29 treatment 51.74–5 DNA damage, UVR-induced 8.21, 29.7 aetiology 33.11 see also macrophage(s); monocyte(s) types 51.64 radical oxygen species 12.55 agminate form 33.11 monocytic leukaemia 55.31–2 pansclerotic, in children 51.71–2, sebaceous cells 42.3 antibody formation 33.11 monomethylether of hydroquinone, 51.75 toxicity of antiretroviral drugs 35.22 atopic dermatitis with 24.24, 33.11, depigmentation due to 58.50 pigmentation changes 58.26 mitochondrial keratoderma with deafness 33.12 mononeuritis multiplex 61.7, 63.11 post-irradiation 62.16, 62.40 19.109 children 33.12 in HIV infection 63.12 race and 9.14 mitogen-activated protein kinases clinical features 33.11–12 mononuclear cells, Sézary-like 57.18 radiotherapy site 70.6 (MAPKs) 12.8–9 cytodiagnosis 10.29 mononuclear phagocytes 4.8 superfi cial 51.69 ageing and 8.22 diagnosis 33.12 increased in ageing skin 8.22 synonyms 51.64 mitogens, for melanocytes 58.5 distribution of lesions 33.12 Langerhans’ cells 3.17 morphoea profunda (deep morphoea), mitomycin 26.46, 75.128 ear 68.28 mononucleosis panniculitis in 46.31 mucous membrane pemphigoid 40.40 eczema associated 23.24 CMV causing 33.29 morpholines, topical 73.12 mitral incompetence 45.30 epidemiology 33.11 HHV-6 associated 33.32 morsicatio buccarum 69.87–8 mitral valve prolapse 70.3 eyelids 67.24–5 see also infectious mononucleosis mortality 6.6 in Marfan’s syndrome 45.30 follicular 33.12 monosodium glutamate 22.11, 43.16 due to adverse drug reactions 75.2, in pseudoxanthoma elasticum 45.22 giant 33.11 monostotic fi brous dysplasia 68.28 75.5 Mitsuda reaction 32.15 in HIV infection 33.11, 35.30–1, 35.45, monosulfi ram 38.41 Mortimer’s malady 61.1 Mitsuda test 5.24 68.28 monosymptomatic delusions of malodour Morton Bay stinger 38.56 mixed connective tissue disease immune response 33.12, 33.13 44.19 Morton’s metatarsalgia (Morton’s 51.110–12 immunodefi ciency and 17.52, 17.53, mons pubis 71.54 neuroma) 56.45 immunology 51.111 33.11 Monsel’s solution 10.4, 10.31, 77.50 morula cells 37.31 oral involvement 69.71 MCV-1 and MCV-2 33.11 montelukast 12.61, 13.4, 74.31–2 morulae 30.58 respiratory tract involvement 62.82 treatment 33.12–13, 35.30–1, 77.50 adverse effect 75.150 Morvan’s syndrome 63.14 U1-RNP, specifi c antibody 51.110, 51.112 topical imiquimod 73.24 in delayed pressure urticaria 22.14 mosaic acral keratosis 19.115 mixed immunobullous disease 40.49 molluscum fi brosum gravidarum 8.13 dose range and evidence level 74.31 mosaicism 18.1, 18.3 mixed tumour of the skin 53.30–2 molluscum sebaceum see Montgomery’s disease see xanthoma chromosomal abnormalities 15.11 mizolastine 22.29, 75.149 keratoacanthoma disseminatum epidermal naevi and 18.5 adverse effects 22.29 mometasone furoate 73.16 mood stabilizers 64.52 functional 15.6 MLH1, Muir–Torre syndrome 53.15 ‘Mona Lisa smile’ 64.36 Moon’s molars 69.8 gonadal 15.6 MLH1 gene 52.10 Mondor’s disease 38.56, 47.30, 47.31, Moore–Federman syndrome 51.79 lichen striatus and 23.41 MLS syndrome see MIDAS syndrome 48.29, 62.43, 70.16 Moraceae 26.81 Moschowitz’s syndrome (thrombotic MMPs see matrix metalloproteinases breast carcinoma associated 62.43, morado (pinta) 30.63–4 thrombocytopenic purpura (MMPs) 70.16 Moraxella 30.46–7 (TTP)) 49.12, 49.31, 69.114 MMR (measles, mumps and rubella) thrombophilia 62.91, 70.16 morbakka 38.56 mosquito bites, hypersensitivity 33.31 vaccination 33.71 Mongolian spot 17.5, 54.7–8, 58.1, 58.36 morbidity 6.6 mosquitoes 37.9, 37.27, 38.2, 38.5, 38.6–7 MMS see Mohs’ micrographic surgery in phakomatosis pigmentovascularis Morbihan’s disease 43.4, 48.13, 48.16 mossy foot see podoconiosis MOAHL index 26.3 18.69 morbilli see measles moths 25.21, 38.28–30 MOAHLFA index 26.3 race and 9.11 Morbillivirus 33.75 motor innervation, skin 3.2 Mobiluncus spp., vaginal discharge 71.53 skin biopsy 10.43 morbus Dercum (Dercum’s disease) 8.17, motor neuropathy 51.132 Mohr’s syndrome 68.4 mongolism see Down’s syndrome 46.46, 46.47–9, 48.20 moulds 9.12, 36.2 Mohs’ micrographic surgery 54.43, monilethrix 15.47, 66.61–3 morbus errorum 38.22 identifi cation 36.9–10 77.29–34 moniliasis see candidiasis Morgellons syndrome 64.12, 64.17 saprophytic 36.17–18 adjuvant radiotherapy 79.7 monkeypox 33.7 Moroccan leather skin appearance 45.21, see also fungi basal cell carcinoma 52.22, 77.30, 77.32, monkeys, herpes B virus infection from 45.22 moult waves 66.27, 66.33 77.33 33.34 morphine moulting eyelids 67.35 monoamine oxidase inhibitors 75.79 adverse effects 75.87 animals 2.3 comparison with traditional surgery monobenzone 73.27 in burns 28.79 seasonal 2.3, 66.8–9 77.29, 77.30, 77.31 monobenzylether of hydroquinone pruritus and 21.3 waves 66.8 complications 77.8, 77.9 (monobenzone) 27.15, 73.27 morphoea 51.64–78 mouse defi nition 77.29 hypermelanosis treatment 58.39 atrophoderma of Pasini and Pierini and coat colour mutants 58.4 dermatofi brosarcoma protuberans monochloroacetic acid 77.48 45.8 hypomorphic 11.11 56.13 wart treatment 33.49 Borrelia and 30.65, 45.10 knockout 2.7, 11.11 history 77.29 monoclonal antibodies breast hypoplasia and 70.6, 70.7 microphthalmia 2.7 indications and practical aspects 19-DEJ-1 39.25 children, methotrexate and systemic mites 38.51 77.32–3 adverse effects 75.146 corticosteroids 74.20 models nail unit 65.48 epidermolysis bullosa diagnosis en coup de sabre 66.48, 66.49 assessment of dermatitic potential non-melanoma skin cancer 52.16, 52.17 39.25 generalized 51.76–8 27.10 procedure 77.31, 77.32 therapeutic 13.25, 13.26, 57.28 aetiology 51.77 multistage carcinogenesis 52.12–13, results 77.32 monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain clinical features 51.77–8 52.15 squamous cell carcinoma 52.27, 77.32 signifi cance 13.15 differential diagnosis 51.78 neonatal, acantholysis 40.5 in dystrophic EB 39.30 monoclonality/tumours, pigmented granuloma annulare and 60.9 pigment mutants 58.4 tumours recurring after radiotherapy purpuric dermatoses and 49.23 linear 51.69–70, 66.48, 66.49 strains with cancer induction 79.17–18 monocyte(s) 12.26–9, 17.48 localized 51.64–75 susceptibility 52.13 moisture, pressure ulcers 28.21 chemotaxis, isotretinoin effect 42.58 aetiology 51.64–5 transgenic 2.7, 11.10–11 moisturizing creams 27.9 development/ontogeny 5.1, 5.2 associated lesions 51.72–3 triple knockout 2.8 molars, mulberry 34.17 emigration 12.74–5 chronic graft-vs-host disease and mouse ear swelling test 26.12 Mole Max system™ 54.38 in granuloma inguinale 34.37 51.65 mouse fi ngers 28.27 molecular biology 11.1–22 half-life 5.1 clinical features 51.68–9 mouth see oral cavity molecular genetics, keratinizing disorders histiocyte ontogeny 5.1, 5.2 differential diagnosis 51.74 mouthwash 69.119–20 19.1–4, 19.94–5 malignancies 55.31–4 drug-associated 51.65 pigmented melanotic macules 54.6–7 see also specifi c disorders maturation 5.1 frontoparietal lesions 51.70 movingui 26.80 molecular immunology 13.23 microscopy 10.34 immunohistochemistry 51.67 moxibustion 9.8 molecular mimicry, vasculitis and 50.5 in wound healing 14.3 incidence 51.68 Moynahan’s syndrome 66.59–60 molephobia 64.24–5 monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 laboratory abnormalities 51.73–4 MPNST (malignant peripheral nerve moles (acquired melanocytic naevi) (MCP-1) 46.7 linear morphoea 51.69–70 sheath tumours) 56.53 54.15–21, 54.16 monocyte chemotactic proteins (MCPs) localized scleroderma in children MPS see mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) Moll’s gland 67.2 12.46 51.71 MRI see magnetic resonance imaging cyst 67.33 in vasculitis 50.10 ocular lesions 51.70 (MRI)

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–24.34; Volume 2, pp. 25.1–44.22; Volume 3, pp. 45.1–62.113; Volume 4, pp. 63.1–80.14 Index 71

MRSA see methicillin-resistant hypertrichosis in 66.76 mucunain 21.4 muromonab 13.25 Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) oral involvement 69.117 mudi-chood 68.16 Murray Valley virus 33.67 MSH see melanocyte-stimulating hormone prenatal diagnosis 16.3 race and 9.7–8 Murray–Puretic–Drescher syndrome (MSH) sweat gland cellular inclusions 44.18 Muehrcke’s paired white bands 65.15 (juvenile hyaline fi bromatosis) MSH2 gene 52.10 Mucor Muir–Torre syndrome (MTS) 52.10, 53.15, 45.49–50, 69.15 MSH2 protein, Muir–Torre syndrome otitis externa and 68.21 53.16, 62.26, 62.35 Musca domestica 38.6, 38.8 53.15 vessel-invasive infection 49.35 sebaceous adenoma association 42.87 muscarinic receptors, sweat gland 3.12 MSX1 gene 15.65 mucormycosis see zygomycosis sebaceous carcinoma association 53.17 Muscidae 38.6, 38.7, 38.8 mTOR signalling 48.30 mucosa mulberry-like erosion 36.87 muscle MTS see Muir–Torre syndrome in allergic contact dermatitis 26.20–1 mulberry molars 34.17, 69.8 atrophy 47.11 MTT assay (dimethylthiazoldiphenyl biopsy 10.32 Muller technique (phlebectomy) 47.39 growth between birth and maturity 8.1 tetrazolium bromide assay) 25.9 in sarcoidosis 61.19 Müllerian ducts, atrophy 8.2 in sarcoidosis 61.7 MUC1 53.41 buccal (cheek) multicentric carcinoma, male genital in SLE 51.47 MUC5AC 53.41 examination 69.5–6 dermatology 71.42 in systemic sclerosis 51.101–2, 51.105 Mucha–Habermann disease (pityriasis lichen planus-like reactions 26.26 multicentric Castleman’s disease 56.24 tumours 56.54–7 lichenoides) 57.54–7 in erythema multiforme 76.7 multicentric reticulohistiocytosis 55.23–5 weakness, in leprosy 32.18 febrile ulceronecrotic 50.50–1 examination in fungal infection 36.6 bone and joint involvement 62.101, muscle glycogenosis, scleroderma-like oral involvement 69.85 eyelids 67.2 62.104 lesions 51.79 pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis in generalized non-Herlitz junctional clinical features 55.23–4 muscle herniation of the limbs 28.61–2 acuta 50.50–1, 69.85 EB 39.13 oral involvement 69.59 muscular dystrophy 3.35 mucicarmine 36.90 in hereditary haemorrhagic paraneoplastic 62.41 with autosomal recessive EB simplex mucin 59.21 telangiectasia 47.17 respiratory tract involvement 62.83 39.8 abnormal deposits, Degos’ disease 49.45 hyperpigmentation, Addison’s disease Multiceps 37.24 EB simplex with 39.4 in basal cell carcinoma 52.21 58.24 multidrug regimen, in leprosy 32.16–17 late-onset 3.31 in granuloma annulare 60.4 labial 69.5 multidrug resistance 1 (MDR-1) gene musculoskeletal system, in dystrophic EB pretibial deposition 8.17 in lichen nitidus 41.22 72.29 39.29 stains 53.36 in lichen planus see lichen planus multifactorial disorders, genetics 15.2 music box spine keratodermas 19.114 tear fi lm 67.3 in lupus vulgaris 31.17 multinucleate giant cells musical instrument injuries 28.25–6 mucinosis 59.21–9 in multicentric reticulohistiocytosis Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis 55.8 musk ambrette 26.23, 26.24, 26.41 areola 70.17 55.24 multicentric reticulohistiocytosis 55.23 mustard gas burns 27.11 chronic obesity lymphoedematous 62.8 oral cavity 69.2 VZV infection 33.24 mustards 25.21 classifi cation 59.21 disorders 69.21–115 see also giant cell(s) mustine see mechlorethamine; nitrogen cutaneous focal 59.25 hyperpigmentation 69.95 multiorgan syndrome 49.38 mustard focal, oral 69.39 in sarcoidosis 61.15 multiple carboxylase defi ciency 17.25, mutagenesis follicular 57.14, 59.26 in Stevens–Johnson syndrome 76.16 17.30 UV radiation causing 52.13–14 hereditary progressive mucinous surgical excision in 77.15 multiple decarboxylase defi ciency 59.65 see also DNA damage histiocytosis 59.25 in syphilis multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) mutator genes 52.12 lichen myxoedematosus 59.21–3 congenital 34.15 type 1 62.24, 62.68 mutilating keratoderma with ichthyosis mucinous naevus 59.25 primary 34.7 type 2A 59.48, 62.24 (loricrin keratoderma) 19.3, papular 62.45 secondary 34.9, 34.10, 34.11 type 2B (type 3) 62.24–5, 69.36 19.19, 19.94, 19.98 acral persistent 59.24 tertiary 34.14 multiple endocrinopathy syndrome see myasthenia gravis, with autosomal of infancy 59.24 in toxic epidermal necrolysis 76.17 autoimmune polyglandular recessive EB simplex 39.8 juvenile and adult 59.24 mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (polyendocrine) syndrome mycelium 36.2 in l-tryptophan-induced (MALT) 57.2 multiple hamartoma syndrome see mycetoma 30.75, 36.72–5 eosinophilia–myalgia syndrome lymphomas 57.2, 57.43 Cowden’s syndrome aetiology 36.72–3 59.29 mucosal advancement 77.36 multiple hamartoma (and neoplasia) clinical features 36.73 plaque-like cutaneous 59.25 mucosal barrier injury see mucositis syndrome see Cowden’s defi nition 36.72 reticular erythematous 59.25 mucosal melanotic lesions 54.6–7 syndrome differential diagnosis 36.73–4 secondary 59.29 mucositis 69.82, 79.10 multiple lentigines (LEOPARD) histology 36.73 collagen vascular diseases 59.29 plasma cell orifi cial 69.128 syndrome see LEOPARD laboratory diagnosis 36.74 in l-tryptophan-induced mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) syndrome treatment 36.74 eosinophilia–myalgia syndrome 40.35–41, 67.17–20, 71.66 multiple mucosal neuroma syndrome Mycobacterial Growth Indicator Tube 59.29 aetiology 40.36 59.48, 62.24 (MGIT) 31.6 papulonodular mucinosis with SLE in animals 2.15 multiple myeloma 62.92–5 mycobacterial infections 74.42 59.29 associated diseases. 40.39 oral 69.114, 69.116 atypical, in HIV infection 35.25–6 toxic oil syndrome 59.29 clinical features 40.38–9 sarcoidosis and 61.17 diagnosis 31.6–7 in SLE 51.40 defi ned 40.35 multiple neurofi bromas 15.16, 15.17 epidemiology 31.2–3 mucinous carcinoma 53.36–7 differential diagnosis 40.34, 40.40 see also neurofi broma; ocular involvement 67.27 mucinous cysts, female genital epidermolysis bullosa acquisita 40.54 neurofi bromatosis Mycobacterium 31.1 dermatology 71.73 immunoelectron microscopy 10.29 multiple organ failure, pigmentation cell wall structure 31.1 Muckle–Wells syndrome (cryopyrin- immunopathology and changes 58.27 characteristics 31.1, 31.2 associated autoinfl ammatory immunogenetics 10.18 multiple self-healing epithelioma of epidemiology 31.2–3 syndrome) 15.95–6, 22.13, 59.57, linear IgA 40.49 Ferguson-Smith 52.9–10 fast growers 31.1, 31.2, 31.38–41 74.11 ocular 67.17–20 multiple sulphatase defi ciency 19.13 HIV infection and 31.7 mucocele 69.22, 69.65, 69.84, 69.110 clinical features 67.17, 67.18 multipotent cells, neural crest 58.3 non-tuberculous 31.1, 31.30–41 mucocutaneous candidiasis– conjunctival biopsy 67.19 multistage carcinogenesis see epidemiology 31.2–3 endocrinopathy syndrome diagnostic criteria 67.19 carcinogenesis slow growers 31.1, 31.2, 31.6 (autoimmune polyglandular differential diagnosis 67.19–20 Mulvihill–Smith syndrome 45.60 Mycobacterium abscessus 31.38–40 (polyendocrine) syndrome) direct immunofl uorescence 67.17, MUM-1 10.25 Mycobacterium avium complex 31.36–7, 13.13, 15.31, 36.64, 62.12–14 67.19 mumps 69.118 69.79 mucocutaneous lymph-node syndrome epidemiology 67.17 MMR vaccination 33.71 diagnosis of infection 31.6 see Kawasaki disease immunopathology 67.20 Münchausen’s syndrome 64.44 ectodermal dysplasias 15.60 mucoepidermoid carcinoma, external indirect immunofl uorescence 67.19 factitial panniculitis 46.28 HIV infection and 31.7 auditory canal 68.33 oral involvement 69.65, 69.67–8 Münchausen’s syndrome by proxy 28.39, sarcoidosis and 61.2 mucoid cysts, male genital dermatology pathogenesis 40.36–8, 67.20 64.44–5 Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare, HIV 71.35 pathology 40.36–8 Munro microabscess 10.41, 65.25 infection 35.25–6 mucolipidoses 59.32 predominantly ocular mupirocin Mycobacterium balnei see Mycobacterium mucopolysaccharides diagnostic criteria 67.19 in impetigo 30.16 marinum in scleroedema 51.119 diagnostic problems 67.17, 67.19 resistance to 30.9 Mycobacterium bovis 31.8, 31.10, 31.11, see also glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) prognosis 40.40 topical therapy 73.10 31.28 mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) 59.30–2 treatment 40.40–1 muriform cells 36.75, 36.76 in malakoplakia 55.27 classifi cation 59.31 see also cicatricial pemphigoid murine model Mycobacterium chelonae 31.7, 31.38–40, clinical features 59.30 mucous membranes see mucosa multistage carcinogenesis 52.12–13, 69.79 diagnosis and treatment 59.32 mucoviscidosis 59.59 52.15 Mycobacterium fortuitum complex 31.3, eponyms 59.31 Mucuna pruriens 21.4 see also mouse 31.7, 31.38–40 72 Index

Mycobacterium genavense 31.41 invisible 21.10 myxoid cyst connective tissue 18.30–5 Mycobacterium goodii 31.38 ISCL diagnostic criteria for early MF nail 65.17, 65.36–7 deep penetrating 54.26 Mycobacterium gordonae 57.11 surgery 77.36, 77.38 defi nition 18.1 diagnosis of infection 31.6 molecular pathogenesis 57.19 myxoid degeneration 10.38 dermal 18.30–40, 54.11 HIV infection and 31.7 abnormalities of T-cell activation myxoma dermatitic epidermal (infl ammatory Mycobacterium haemophilum 31.40–1 57.20 cardiac 62.78–9 linear verrucous) 18.19–21, Mycobacterium immunogenum 31.38 dysregulated T-cell signalling embolism 50.54 20.17 Mycobacterium kansasii 31.2, 31.33 pathways 57.21 see also atrial myxoma desmoplastic 54.22, 54.24 diagnosis of infection 31.6 gene expression studies 57.21 dermal nerve sheath 56.49–50 dilated pore 18.14 HIV infection and 31.7 oral involvement 69.58 digital 56.59 dysplastic see Mycobacterium leprae 32.1–2, 32.2–3 pathology 57.8 oral cavity 69.113 naevus, atypical/dysplastic antibodies to 32.7 extracutaneous disease 57.11 myxoma syndrome 62.25 eccrine 18.15–17 female genital infections 71.67 immunopathology 57.10 myxoviruses 33.75 eccrine angiomatous 18.16 see also leprosy pigmented purpuric dermatoses and elastic 18.32–4 Mycobacterium malmoense 31.41 49.23 epidermal 18.4–40 Mycobacterium marinum 31.30–3 poikilodermatous 45.13 N linear 5.11 diagnosis of infection 31.6 hypopigmentation in 58.52 Na-K-ATPase 44.3, 44.4 epidermal syndrome 54.11 differential diagnosis 31.13, 60.9 pregnancy and 8.12 nabumetone 75.77 fat 18.37–40 ear infection 68.17, 68.20 prognosis 57.7, 57.8 NADPH oxidase 12.54, 13.4, 13.5 faun tail 53.6, 66.77 sarcoidosis and 61.2 pruritus in 21.10 Naegeli–Franceschetti–Jadassohn female genitalia 71.72 in sea urchin granuloma 38.58 race and 9.7 syndrome 15.48, 58.19–20 fi brous tissue 18.34–5 swimming and diving 28.54 skin directed therapies 57.23–5 Naegeli’s syndrome 58.19–20 follicular 18.10–14 Mycobacterium mucogenicum 31.38–40 PUVA 57.24 naevi see naevus garment 54.11, 54.12 Mycobacterium parascrofulaceum 31.35 radiotherapy and electron beam naevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome genetic factors 18.2–3 Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, sarcoidosis therapy 57.24–5 52.5, 52.6–8, 62.20, 62.21 giant congenital melanocytic 54.11, and 61.2 staging classifi cation, revised 57.7, aetiology and incidence 52.6–7 54.12, 54.13, 63.15 Mycobacterium peregrinum 31.38 57.11 basal cell carcinomas 52.6, 52.7, 52.8 childhood melanoma 54.48–9 Mycobacterium platypoecilus see systemic therapies 57.25–9 recurrence 52.8 hair-follicle 53.6 Mycobacterium marinum combination therapy 57.25–6 bone and joint involvement 52.7, 62.101 halo (Sutton’s) 54.19–20, 54.39, 58.49–50 Mycobacterium scrofulaceum 31.7, 31.35–6 doxorubicin 57.27 clinical features 52.7 infl ammatory linear verrucous Mycobacterium simiae 31.2 extracorporeal photopheresis 57.27 diagnosis 52.7 epidermal (ILVEN) 18.19–21, Mycobacterium smegmatis 31.38–40 histone deacetylase inhibitors 57.28 genetics 52.6–7 20.17 Mycobacterium szulgai 31.36 immunotherapy 57.25 malignancies in 52.7 intradermal 54.10, 54.15, 54.16–17, Mycobacterium terrae 31.7 monoclonal antibody therapy 57.28 oral involvement 52.7, 69.39–40 54.18, 69.29 Mycobacterium tuberculosis 31.1, 31.8, 32.1 randomized trials 57.22 pathology 52.7 pathology 54.18–19 detection by PCR 31.26 retinoids 57.25 treatment 52.7–8, 73.23 of Ito 54.9, 58.37 female genital infections 71.67 T-cell receptor gene analysis 57.12–13 naevoid bullous ichthyosiform race and 9.17 in HIV infection 35.25 see also Sézary syndrome erythroderma 19.31 junctional 54.10, 54.15, 54.17, 69.29 protective immunity to 31.4 myelitis, transverse, in zoster 33.26 naevomelanocytes 54.30 pathology 54.18 re-emergence 31.2 myelocytic leukaemia 57.62 naevoxanthoendothelioma see juvenile shape/colour variations 54.19 sarcoidosis and 61.2 myelodysplastic syndrome 62.88–9, 69.57 xanthogranuloma linear basal cell 18.13–14 staining 10.10 in multicentric reticulohistiocytosis naevus 18.1–80 linear connective tissue 18.31 see also tuberculosis 55.24 acantholytic dyskeratotic epidermal proteoglycan type 18.34 Mycobacterium ulcerans 31.6, 31.33–5 myelofi brosis, idiopathic, pigmentation 19.83, 65.18 male genitalia 71.11–12, 71.47 Buruli ulcer 12.9 changes 58.26 achromic (naevus depigmentosus) malignant blue 54.26, 54.27 Mycobacterium wolinskyi 31.38 myeloma see multiple myeloma 58.42, 58.44–5 melanocytic 15.12–13, 54.9 Mycobacterium xenopi 31.2, 31.7, 31.41 myeloma-associated amyloidoses 59.50 acne 18.11–13, 42.78 acquired 54.15–21, 54.16 mycolactone 31.33, 31.34 myelomeningocoele 18.95 acne-free 18.13 atypical/dysplastic 54.27–32 mycophenolate mofetil 13.24, 20.42, 72.27, myeloperoxidase 13.4 aetiology 18.2–3 blue/blue-black 54.25–7 72.29, 74.24–5 defi ciency 13.4, 69.117 apocrine 18.14–15 common acquired 54.16 adverse effects 20.42, 74.24 myeloproliferative disorders 49.29–30 atypical/dysplastic 54.16, 54.19, 54.27– compound 54.11 in atopic dermatitis 24.31 cutaneous lesions 49.29–30 32, 71.47 congenital 54.10, 54.10–15 clinical indications 74.24 leg ulcers 47.56 male genitalia 71.47 dermal 54.11 in lichen sclerosus 51.118 MYH-associated polyposis 53.12 melanoma development 54.28, 54.29– development/evolution 54.18–19 in mucous membrane pemphigoid myiasis 38.2, 38.8–11 30, 54.31 female genital region 71.72 40.40 Mylabris 38.26, 38.27 melanoma vs 54.38 giant congenital 54.11, 54.12, 54.13, in pemphigus 40.12 myoblastoma balloon cell 54.17 63.15 in sarcoidosis 61.21 congenital epulis 69.17 basal cell with comedones 18.13–14 giant congenital, childhood in urticarial vasculitis 50.23 granular cell 71.73 bathing-trunk (giant) 54.11, 54.12 melanoma 54.48–9 mycophenolate sodium 74.24 myocarditis, chagasic 37.32 Becker’s 18.17–19, 62.101, 66.77, 78.10 laser therapy 78.11 Mycoplasma 30.69–70 myoepithelioma 53.31 with hypomastia 70.3 male genital region 71.11–12 infection 62.80 myofi broblastic tumours 56.2–14 benign, excision 77.15 melanoma differential diagnosis seal fi nger and 38.61 myofi broblasts blue 54.16, 54.25–7, 58.1, 58.37 54.19, 54.38–9 Stevens–Johnson syndrome and 30.69, microscopy 10.35 compound 54.26 numbers and melanoma risk 54.33 62.80 in palmar fi bromatosis 45.45 ‘malignant’ 54.26, 54.27 pinna 68.28 Mycoplasma hominis, female genital in wound healing 14.1, 14.7 oral mucosa 69.29 prevalence 54.9 infections 71.68 myofi broma, adult 56.9 skin biopsy 10.43 race and 9.17 mycoses see fungal infections myofi bromatosis, infantile 18.35, 56.9 cartilage (accessory tragus (auricle)) terminology 54.10 mycosis fungoides 57.1–13 myoma, pinna 68.28 18.84–5, 68.4 unusual sites 54.17–19 aetiology 57.3 myonecrosis, clostridial see gas gangrene cellular (acquired melanocytic) 54.15– Meyerson’s 54.20 allergic contact dermatitis and 26.9 myopathy 21, 54.16 mucinous 18.34 classifi cation infl ammatory, HTLV-1 infection 33.65 cellular blue 54.25–7 muscle 18.35–7 ISCL EORTC revised staging partial lipodystrophy 46.40 CHILD 18.21–3, 19.57 naevocytic (acquired melanocytic) classifi cation 57.7, 57.11 in sarcoidosis 61.7 classifi cation 18.3, 18.4 54.15–21, 54.16 TNM classifi cation 57.6 myopericarditis, vaccinia vaccination 33.6 cockade 18.96, 54.20–1 nail matrix/bed 54.18 clinical features 57.3–4 myopericytoma 56.42–3 collagen 18.31–2 non-acne 42.78 differential diagnosis 26.30, 57.5 myosin Va, melanosome transfer along combined (blue/cellular blue) 54.26 number pathological differential diagnosis. melanocyte dendrites 58.4 comedo/comedone 18.11–13, 71.38 melanoma risk 54.33 57.10–11 Myroxylon pereirae see balsam of Peru compound 54.10, 54.15, 54.16, 69.29 sunscreen use relationship 73.41 diffuse progressive hyperpigmentation myths, skin and skin disease 64.1 pathology 54.18 oral cavity 69.29 58.26 myxoedema compound blue 54.26 organoid, syringocystadenoma ear 68.34 palmoplantar keratoderma with 19.118 congenital melanocytic 54.10, 54.10–15 papilliferum 53.19 follicular mucinosis and 57.14 see also hypothyroidism; pretibial giant see naevus, giant congenital of Ota 54.8–9, 58.1, 58.36–7 in HIV infection 35.41 myxoedema melanocytic bone and joint involvement 62.100 hypopigmented 9.7 myxofi brosarcoma 56.22 conjunctival 54.18 eyelid 67.34

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–24.34; Volume 2, pp. 25.1–44.22; Volume 3, pp. 45.1–62.113; Volume 4, pp. 63.1–80.14 Index 73

laser therapy 78.10, 78.11, 80.11 nail(s) 3.14–15 in lichen striatus 65.29 nail bed 3.14, 3.15, 65.1, 65.2 race and 9.17 acrylic 26.16, 26.27, 26.47 linear growth 65.5–6 adherent nature 65.5 pigmented acrylic gel systems 65.55–6 in liver disease 62.64 biopsy 65.41, 65.44–5 of eyelid 67.34 ageing 8.24, 65.7 median canaliform dystrophy of Heller blood supply 65.4 hairy see naevus, Becker’s in alopecia areata 66.35, 66.36 65.12 colour changes 65.15 with premature ageing and short anatomy and structure 3.14–15 melanoma under 54.44–6 development 65.5 stature 45.60 in arthritis 65.25 mending kits 65.56 keratinization 65.3 porokeratotic eccrine duct and hair atrophy, Cronkhite–Canada syndrome morphology 65.5 laceration 65.49 follicle 18.17 58.13 ageing and 8.24 lichen planus 65.29 porokeratotic eccrine ostial and dermal attachment abnormalities 65.9–12 multicentric reticulohistiocytosis microscopic anatomy 65.2–3 duct 18.11, 18.16–17 avulsion, surgical 65.44 55.23–4 naevi 54.18 proteoglycan 18.34 in Bazex syndrome 65.25 Neapolitan 65.15 pallor 65.15 pure eccrine 18.15–16 beading 65.14 in Nékam’s disease 41.27 pigmentation due to antimalarial drugs reticulate vascular see cutis marmorata Beau’s line see Beau’s lines nutcracker 65.51 58.30 telangiectatica congenita biopsy 65.41–9 ostlers’ 65.51 role in creation of nail plate 65.5 satellite 54.11, 54.12 biting/picking 64.33, 65.50–1 in pachyonychia congenita 19.3, 19.94, squamous cell carcinoma 52.25 sebaceous 18.8–10, 42.78, 46.46, 69.23 black streaks 58.14 19.103–4, 59.48 nail cream 65.56 bone and joint involvement 62.100 braces 65.9 in peripheral nerve injury 63.14 nail fold 3.14 eccrine poroma in 53.23 brittle 8.24 photo-onycholysis 65.11, 65.16, 75.32 arteriovenous abnormalities 65.35–6 segmental 18.2 buffi ng 65.56 pigmentation 9.3 biopsy 65.46–7 shave biopsy 77.12 in childhood 65.6–7 drug-induced 75.33 biting 65.50 speckled and lentiginous 5.14, 54.14, childhood idiopathic atrophy 41.14 pincer (involuted/trumpet) 65.8–9 lateral 3.14, 65.1–2 78.10 clubbing see fi nger(s), clubbing pitting 65.13, 65.23–4 microscopic anatomy 65.2 spider 5.19 colour changes 65.2, 65.14–18, 65.24 treatment 73.37 proximal/posterior 3.14, 65.1 treatment 77.46 cosmetics 65.54–7 in pityriasis rubra pilaris 65.25 telangiectases 47.14 spindle cell, of Reed 54.22, 54.23 in crusted scabies 38.44 Plummer’s 62.8 nail fold capillaries Spitz (spindle and epithelioid cell) cuticle (eponychium) 3.14 preformed plastic 65.26, 65.56 dermatomyositis 51.124 54.14, 54.16, 54.21–5 in Darier’s disease 19.82, 19.83, 65.27–8 in pregnancy 8.10 purpura 49.6 agminate 54.22 degloving 65.10 Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection 30.49, nail gel 65.26 desmoplastic 54.22, 54.24 dermatitis 65.28–9 65.10, 65.11, 65.21, 65.22 nail matrix 3.14–15 differential diagnosis 54.23–4, 54.39 development 3.3, 3.5, 3.14 in psoriatic arthritis 20.57 biopsy 65.41, 65.43, 65.45–6 microscopy 10.35 developmental abnormalities 65.18–20 pterygium inversum unguis 51.95 blood supply 65.4 multiple 54.22 disease, measuring impact 72.20 quitters 65.14 cell kinetics 65.5 sites and types 54.22 distal ridge 3.14 racket 65.9 cellular structure 3.15 strawberry 18.40–52, 18.96 drug-induced changes 65.16, 65.38–9, in Reiter’s syndrome 65.25 defi nition 65.2 eyelids 67.34 75.46 ridges, lichen planus 41.14 melanoma 54.44–6 see also pigmentation 75.33 ridging 8.24, 65.7, 65.14 microscopic anatomy 65.2 haemangioma, dysgenesis with hypodontia 69.6 longitudinal 3.15 naevi 54.18 infantile/capillary in dystrophic EB 39.21 in sarcoidosis 61.11, 61.15 phenolization 65.48, 65.53 subcutaneous 18.30–40 ectodermal dysplasias 15.62, 15.64–6, ‘sausage links’ 8.24 nail plate 3.14, 65.1 subungual 65.38, 65.39 15.68–9 in scabies 38.39, 38.44 anatomy 65.2, 65.5 Sutton’s see naevus, halo (Sutton’s) ectopic 18.92 in scleroatrophic syndrome of Huriez biopsy 65.41, 65.47–8 sweat glands 44.9 elderly people 65.7 45.12 colour changes 65.14–15 systematized 18.2 embryology 3.3, 3.5 sculptured 65.55 effects of ageing 65.7 trichilemmal cyst 53.4 exogenous pigment 65.14 shedding 65.9–10 microscopic anatomy 65.3 true apocrine 18.14 factitious disorders 64.40 silicone rubber prostheses 65.56 in psoriasis 65.24, 65.25 true hair-follicle 18.10–11 factors affecting rate of growth 65.5, in SLE 51.38 staining 65.54 vascular 18.40–80 65.6 splinter haemorrhage 3.15, 49.7 thickness measurement 65.3 eyelid 67.34 functions 3.3, 3.14, 4.1 spoon-shaped 65.8 nail polish/lacquer 65.54–5 race and 9.19 fungal infection see onychomycosis squamous cell carcinoma 65.21–2, in psoriasis 65.26 verrucous epidermal 18.5–8 in generalized EB simplex 39.6 65.37–8 nail polish/lacquer removers 65.55 warty, retinoic acid therapy 73.36 in generalized non-Herlitz junctional subungual haematoma 65.49–50 Nail Psoriasis Severity Index 65.23, 72.9 white-sponge 35.43, 69.23–4 EB 39.13 subungual hyperkeratosis 20.16, 51.12 nail unit 3.14–15 woolly hair 66.71 grooves subungual melanoma 65.39–41 see also nail apparatus zosteriform 18.2 longitudinal 65.12 surgery 65.41–9 nail wall 65.2 naevus anaemicus 5.19, 18.65 transverse 65.12–13 in syphilis 34.11 nail whitener 65.56 with telangiectactic vessels 47.20 growth in systemic sclerosis 51.95 nail wrapping 65.56 naevus anelasticus 18.33 ageing and 8.24 Terry’s 65.15 nail–patella syndrome 15.8, 15.86–7, naevus cells see melanocyte(s) linear 65.5–6 thickening 65.12 65.19 naevus comedonicus 18.11–13, 42.78 habit tic deformity 65.12, 65.24, 65.25, trauma bone and joint involvement 62.100 male genital 71.36 65.51 acute 65.49–50 hyperhidrosis and 44.8 naevus depigmentosus 58.42, 58.44–5 in Hailey–Hailey disease 39.34 chronic repetitive 65.50–1 renal involvement 62.69 naevus en cocarde 54.20–1 half-and-half 65.15 delayed 65.49 Naja nigricollis 38.60 naevus fl ammeus hang 65.51 from footwear 65.51, 65.52, 65.53–4 nalidixic acid 75.31, 75.60 salmon patch 18.62–3 hardeners 65.56 malignant melanoma and 65.39 naloxone 21.17 see also port-wine stain in Herlitz junctional EB 39.12 from manicure instruments 65.51 NALP-3 infl ammasome 12.4 naevus follicularis 42.78 in hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia 19.106 tumours involving 65.30–41 naltrexone 29.7 naevus fusco-caeruleus zygomaticus 54.9 in HIV infection 35.41–2, 35.42, 65.16, twenty-nail dystrophy 65.13, 65.29, 65.30 in pruritus 21.14, 21.18 naevus fuscocaeruleus 65.23 viral warts 65.30–1 NAME syndrome 49.37, 54.4, 58.14, 62.25, ophthalmomaxillaris see naevus, in hyperthyroidism 62.8 washboard 65.12, 65.24 62.79, 69.28 of Ota hypertrophy 65.51, 65.52, 65.53 white bands 39.35 naming conventions, biological therapies naevus lipomatodes cutaneus superfi cialis in hypoparathyroidism 62.12 yellow nail syndrome 62.83, 65.12, 74.5 18.37–8 infections 65.21–3, 65.28, 65.56–7 65.16–17 Nance–Horan syndrome 69.11 naevus mucinosus 18.34 see also onychomycosis see also toenails; entries beginning nano-indentation tests, mechanical injury naevus sebaceus of Jadassohn see naevus, ingrowing 65.53–4 subungual; specifi c nail structures 28.5 sebaceous in childhood 65.6–7, 65.53 nail apparatus 3.14–15 NAP-2 (CXCL7) 12.46, 12.74 naevus spilus 54.14 in HIV infection 35.41 anatomy and biology 65.1–7 naphthalene 27.12 naevus sudoriferus (pure eccrine naevus) treatment 65.48 arteriovenous abnormalities 65.35–6 naphthoquinone 66.97 18.15–16 lamellar dystrophy see onychoschizia blood supply 65.4–5 napkin(s) naevus syringocystadenoma papilliferum in Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis (LCH) development 65.1 candidiasis 36.62, 36.68–9 18.14–15, 53.19–20, 68.30 55.11 fi brous tumours 65.31–2 disposable 17.25–6 naevus unilateralis comedonicus 42.78 in lichen nitidus 41.22, 65.29 function 65.1 emollient impregnation 17.26 nafarelin, in acne vulgaris 42.53 in lichen planus 41.14, 41.15, 65.25, microscopic anatomy 65.2–4 frequency of change 17.26 naftifi ne 26.46, 36.47, 73.12 65.29–30 squamous cell carcinoma 65.37–8 washable 17.25, 17.26 Nager syndrome 68.3 in lichen sclerosus et atrophicus 65.29 surgery 65.41–4 see also dermatitis, napkin (diaper) 74 Index napkin dermatitis see dermatitis, napkin after jejunal bypass surgery 60.15 nefopam 75.87 congenital erosive and vesicular (diaper) annular 60.13 ‘negative-pressure’ tests, purpura 49.5 dermatosis healing with napkin psoriasis 17.24, 17.31–2 associations 60.15–16 negative pressure therapy 28.23 reticulated supple scarring 17.11 nappy rash 71.5 ataxia telangiectasia and 60.15 neglect congenital syphilis evaluation 34.21 see also dermatitis, napkin (diaper) ‘burnt out’ 60.13, 60.14 mechanical injury 28.34, 28.38–9 contact dermatitis 17.22–8 naproxen 75.29, 75.74–5 clinical features 60.13–15 of self care 64.12 dysmature/small for dates 17.1, 17.6 NAPSI (Nail Psoriasis Severity Index) Crohn’s disease and 60.15 NEH see neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis eccrine sweat glands 17.2 65.23, 72.9 diabetes mellitus and 60.12, 60.13, 60.15 Neisseria catarrhalis, in external auditory ecthyma gangrenosum 17.45 narrative therapy 64.20 differential diagnosis 60.14–15 meatus 30.4 eczematous eruptions 17.22–31 Naruto Research Institute Otsuka Atrichia granuloma annulare and 60.9, 60.15 Neisseria fl ora, in external auditory meatus electrocardiographic monitoring 17.14 (NOA) mouse 2.8 granuloma multiforme and 60.14 30.4 eosinophilic pustulosis 17.10 nasal crease 18.90 histopathology 60.12–13 Neisseria gonorrhoeae 30.45–6, 34.24–5 epidermolysis bullosa, management nasal discharge, congenital syphilis 34.15 leg ulcers in 47.57 child abuse and 28.37, 71.57 39.27–8 nasal planum sarcoidosis and 61.17, 61.23 detection and culture 34.28 fungal infection 17.46–8 lupus erythematosus in dogs 2.16 scalp 66.5 disseminated infections 34.26 gas exchange 17.2 vitiligo in dogs 2.23 treatment 60.16–17 in paroxysmal nocturnal hair loss and growth 17.4 nasal vestibule ulcerated 60.13, 60.14 haemoglobulinuria 49.30 harlequin colour change 17.4 bacterial fl ora 30.4 ulcerative colitis and 60.15 perianal/perineal infections 71.93 herpes simplex 33.15, 33.17, 33.20 normal bacterial fl ora 30.4 necrobiotic xanthogranuloma see symptoms and treatment of infection HIV infection 17.42 nasolabial folds, dermal fi llers 80.4, 80.5 xanthogranuloma, necrobiotic 71.71 iatrogenic dystrophic calcifi cation 17.14 nasopharyngeal carcinoma, EBV necrolysis 10.40 vaginal discharge 71.53 infections 17.39–48 association 33.30 toxic epidermal 71.6 see also gonorrhoea bacterial 17.42–6 nasopharyngeal myiasis 38.8 necrolytic acral erythema, in hepatitis C Neisseria meningitidis 13.15, 30.44–5 candidiasis 17.25, 17.46–7 nasopharynx, lymphoepithelioma 53.41–2 virus infection 62.59 in paroxysmal nocturnal CMV 33.29 Nasu–Hakola disease 46.22–3 necrolytic migratory erythema 62.38, haemoglobulinuria 49.30 fungal 17.46–8 National Center for Biotechnology 62.66–7, 71.6, 71.80 see also meningococcal infection herpes simplex 33.15, 33.17, 33.20 Information (NCBI) 15.1 in dogs 2.17 Nékam’s disease 41.27–8, 73.44 HIV infection 17.42 National EB Registry (USA) 39.3, 39.19, female genital involvement 71.80 nelfi navir, adverse effects 35.22 Staphylococcus aureus 17.42–4 39.30 genitocrural 71.6 Nelson’s syndrome 62.4 varicella (VZV) 33.23 National Guideline Clearinghouse 7.5, 7.6 oral ulceration in 69.85 pigmentation 58.8 viral 17.39–42 National Institute for Health and Clinical necrosis 10.40 Nematocera 38.5–6 intravenous medication 17.14 Excellence (NICE) 7.5, 7.6 acute disseminated epidermal 76.1 nematocysts 38.55, 38.56, 38.57 listeriosis 17.45, 30.42 guidance on biological therapies 72.14 adipose tissue 46.44 nematodes 37.2–3, 37.3–20 low birth-weight 17.1 photodynamic therapy, for non- see also subcutaneous fat, necrosis NEMO gene 15.58, 17.81–2 lupus erythematosus see neonatal lupus melanoma skin cancer 52.16 apoptosis vs 12.12 mutation 48.10 erythematosus natural history of diseases 6.13–14 avascular bone 51.47 neoangiogenesis 47.1 maternal pemphigus vulgaris natural killer see NK cells burns 28.89 Neofi bularia nolitangere 38.59 antibodies 40.5 natural killer (NK) lymphoma see NK-cell carbon monoxide poisoning 28.94 neomycin mechanical injury 28.39 lymphoma caseation 31.8, 31.9, 31.10 adverse effects 26.17, 26.18, 26.45, milia 17.5 natural moisturizing factors 4.8 coagulative, lipocytes 46.18 26.46, 68.24 miliaria 17.7–8 natural rubber latex see latex cold-induced injury 28.64 in fi sh odour syndrome 44.20 miniature puberty 17.5, 17.6 naturopathy 75.162 coumadin 49.39 in impetigo 30.16 multifocal/benign haemangiomatosis Naucoridae 31.34 cutaneous 49.49 topical 73.10 18.53 Nav 1.7 47.9 calciphylaxis differential diagnosis neonatal acne 42.75 multifocal/diffuse (miliary) Navajo poikiloderma 15.50 46.16 neonatal cephalic pustulosis 42.75 haemangiomatosis 18.53–4 Naxos disease 3.23, 19.94, 19.107, 66.70 causes 49.50 neonatal juvenile xanthogranuloma necrotizing fasciitis 17.44–5 NBCCS see naevoid basal cell carcinoma localized 49.49 55.16 needle marks 17.14 syndrome geographical 56.61 neonatal lupus erythematosus 17.16–18, nomenclature 17.1 NBS-LRR (nucleotide-binding site and heparin causing 49.27–9 51.49–51, 62.78, 62.109 normal bacterial skin fl ora 30.3–4, leucine-rich repeat) proteins 12.9 intravenous drug abuse 28.53 aetiology 51.49 30.4–5 NC/Nga mouse 2.8 in loxoscelism 38.32 clinical features 51.49–50 occipital alopecia 17.4 NCAM (CD56) 10.21, 10.25, 13.6, 53.43 male genital region 71.24–6, 71.27, 71.31 prognosis 51.51 overheating 17.2 NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology pressure ulcers 28.16, 28.18, 28.22 treatment 51.50 pemphigus foliaceus 40.15 Information) 15.1 subcutaneous fat see subcutaneous fat, neonatal mouse model, acantholysis 40.5 pemphigus vulgaris 17.18–19 NCKX5 3.20 necrosis neonatal onset multisystem disease 22.24 percutaneous absorption 17.2 Nd:YAG laser therapy see under laser necrotizing cellulitis 30.68 neonatal progeroid syndrome 46.37 perianal dermatitis 17.22 therapy necrotizing crystalline infundibular neonatal pseudohydrocephalic progeroid peripheral cyanosis 17.4 near-miss sudden infant death syndrome folliculitis 19.89 syndrome of Wiedemann– phototherapy 17.12–13 44.6 necrotizing fasciitis 30.68–9 Rautenstrauch 45.60 phototoxic reactions 17.12 Necator americanus 37.2, 37.14–15 ear 68.19 neonatal purpura 49.20, 49.49, 49.51 physiological scaling 17.4 neck following human bites 38.61 causes 49.49, 49.51 pneumothorax 17.14 allergic contact dermatitis 26.18 intravenous drug abuse 28.52 neonatal purpura fulminans 17.33, 17.46, postmature/post-term 17.1, 17.6 atopic dirty 24.20 neonatal 17.44–5 49.39, 49.51 premature/preterm 17.1 basal cell carcinoma 52.20 ocular involvement 67.27 causes 49.51 appearance 17.6 Casal’s necklace 59.63 necrotizing gingivitis 69.14, 69.77–8 neonatal suction blisters 28.24 barrier function 17.2 congenital cartilaginous rests (cervical necrotizing infections neonate(s) 17.1–85 complications 17.11 auricle/tab) 18.84, 18.85 perianal/perineal 71.92–3 acne 42.75 primary immunodefi ciency disorders erythromelanosis follicularis of 58.36 subcutaneous 30.68–9 acropustulosis 17.9–10, 50.62 17.48–85 fi ddler’s 28.25, 42.76 necrotizing infundibular crystalline adnexal polyp 17.15, 70.8 purpura fulminans 17.33, 17.46 fl ushing see fl ushing folliculitis 19.89 atrophic lesions 17.15 pustular eruptions 17.8 lichen nuchae 23.40 necrotizing sarcoid granulomatosis 50.52, bacterial infection 17.42–6 pustulosis lichen simplex 23.32 62.83 bacterial skin fl ora 30.3–4, 30.4–5 cephalic 17.47 macrocystic lymphatic malformations necrotizing sialometaplasia 69.84–5 breast abscess/mastitis 17.43 Malassezia 17.47–8 48.27 necrotizing subcutaneous infections bullae and/or erosions 17.43 of transient myeloproliferative Madelung’s 46.46 30.68–9 bullous dermolysis 39.23–4, 39.25 disorder 17.10–11 vascular tone 43.14 necrotizing venulitis 14.18 bullous impetigo 17.42, 30.14 routine skin care in napkin area 17.26 white fi brous papulosis 45.67–8 nectin–afadin complex 3.23 candidiasis 17.25, 17.46–7 scalp trauma 66.53 see also head and neck nectins 3.23 chemical burns 17.14 scarring necklace of Venus 34.10 nedocromil 13.26 chrysalis babies 19.27 due to delivery procedures 17.12 necrobiosis 10.40, 60.1 need, for dermatological care 6.15–16 CMV infection 33.29 following intrauterine procedures facial 68.17 needle-stick injuries 77.7 cold injury 17.35–6 17.11–12 xanthomatous granulomas with needs assessment, in dermatology 6.14 complications sclerema neonatorum 17.38–9 55.27–9 neem oil 38.5 of medical procedures 17.11–14 sebaceous glands 17.2, 17.4–5, 42.3 necrobiosis lipoidica 59.79, 60.12–17 in head louse infection 38.20 of phototherapy 17.12–13 sebum secretion 17.2 aetiology 60.12 in scabies 38.41 of prematurity 17.11 skin 8.1–4

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–24.34; Volume 2, pp. 25.1–44.22; Volume 3, pp. 45.1–62.113; Volume 4, pp. 63.1–80.14 Index 75

appearance 17.4–6 Netherton’s syndrome (NS) 19.3, 19.37– in Sneddon’s syndrome 49.43 cyclical/cyclic 13.13, 17.75, 69.33, barrier function 17.1–2 42, 66.65–7 in systemic sclerosis 51.102 69.117 disease 8.1–4 immunodefi ciency and 17.70 in xeroderma pigmentosum 15.73 familial 69.33 disorders 17.1–15 prenatal diagnosis 16.3 neurological disorders severe congenital (Kostmann’s function 17.1–4 SPINK5 12.25, 12.50 congenital ichthyoses and 19.60, 19.61 syndrome) 17.48, 17.75 small for gestational age 17.1 tacrolimus therapy 73.32 CHIME syndrome 19.60 neutrophil(s) 12.21–2 staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome nettle 22.2 Conradi–Hünermann–Happle abnormalities/defi ciencies 12.22–3 17.42–3 nettle rash see urticaria syndrome 19.49–51 acne pathogenesis 42.26 Staphylococcus aureus Neu–Laxova syndrome 17.20–1, 19.59–60 IBIDS/PIBIDS syndrome 19.47–9 basement-membrane zone 40.46 carriage 30.4–5, 30.6 neural cell adhesion molecule (CD56) ichthyosis follicularis with alopecia collagenases 3.41 infection 17.42–4 10.21, 10.25, 13.6, 53.43 and photophobia 19.58, 19.60 defensins 12.5–7 subcutaneous fat disorders 17.34–9 neural crest 3.3, 3.16, 18.4 KID/HID syndrome 19.54–7, 19.60 depression of activities 12.22 subcutaneous fat necrosis 17.36–7, 46.12 abnormalities, Waardenburg’s multiple sulphatase defi ciency 19.13 dermatitis herpetiformis and 40.59 toxic erythema 17.6–7 syndrome 58.43 Refsum’s disease 19.45, 19.46 emigration 12.22 transcutaneous oxygen monitoring melanoblast development 58.3 Sjögren–Larsson syndrome 19.44 function 13.4–5, 17.48 17.13–14 multipotent cells 58.3 X-linked recessive ichthyosis 19.11 tests 13.23, 17.55–6 transepidermal water loss 17.2 neural dysfunction, pressure ulcers 28.17 erythrokeratoderma with 19.71–2 increased in ageing skin 8.22 transient neonatal pustular melanosis neural tube defects (spinal dysraphism) oral involvement 69.119 in infective panniculitis 46.27–8 9.12, 17.8–9 18.95–8, 63.15–17 see also nervous system diseases in irritant contact dermatitis 25.5 transient porphyrinaemia 17.13 neuralgia neuroma microscopy 10.34 transillumination blisters 17.14 post-herpetic see post-herpetic amputation stump (traumatic) 56.45 oral health and 69.3 transplacental transfer of maternal neuralgia epithelial sheath 56.52 pattern recognition receptors 13.5 autoantibodies 17.15–19 trigeminal 69.119 Morton’s 56.45 recruitment 12.21–2 umbilical artery catheterization 17.13 neurilemmoma see schwannoma multiple mucosal 56.45 rolling activated 12.74 umbilical dermatology 71.100 neuritis, retrobulbar, in sarcoidosis 61.7 solitary circumscribed (palisaded scavenger receptors 13.5 umbilicus 30.4–5 neuro-Behçet’s disease 50.60, 50.82 encapsulated) 56.45–6 in subcorneal pustular dermatosis varicella zoster virus infection 33.23 neuro-immuno-cutaneous system 63.4 neuromediators 12.62–8 40.21 viral infection 17.39–42 neuro-Sweet’s syndrome 50.60 sources and target cells 12.63 synthesis of cytokines 12.21–2 VZV infection prophylaxis 33.27 neurocutaneous syndromes, eye and skin stress 12.63 in urticaria 22.3, 22.5 neoplasms see malignant disease involvement 67.30 neuromedin N 12.25 in vasculitis 50.6–7 neoplastic vaginal discharge 71.54 neurodermatitis 64.27 neuromuscular disease, with autosomal in wound healing 14.1, 14.2–3 neoprene 26.68 circumscribed see lichen simplex recessive EB simplex 39.8 neutrophil activating peptide-2 (NAP-2) neopterin, in sarcoidosis 61.20 disseminated see atopic dermatitis neurone-specifi c enolase 10.21, 53.43 12.46, 12.74 Neotestudina rosatii 36.73 neuroectoderm 3.3 pruritus and 21.2, 21.8 neutrophil/macrophage colony-forming Neotrombicula 38.50 neuroendocrine carcinoma, primary, of neuropathic pain 12.62, 47.9 unit (NM-CFU) 5.1 NEP (neutral endopeptidase) 12.64, 63.2 skin see Merkel cell carcinoma treatment 47.10 neutrophil-specifi c granule defi ciency nephelometry 13.18 neuroendocrine system, immune system neuropathic ulcers see ulcer(s), 17.75–6 nephrocalcinosis 62.71 interactions 64.8–9 neuropathic neutrophilia 62.86 nephrogenic fi brosing dermopathy see neuroepithelioma, peripheral 56.54 neuropathy neutrophilic bullous disorders 50.95 nephrogenic systemic fi brosis neurofi broma autonomic 44.7 neutrophilic dermatosis 50.62–95 nephrogenic rest 18.96 breast 70.17 cold-induced 63.14 acute febrile see Sweet’s syndrome nephrogenic systemic fi brosis (NSF) cutaneous 15.17 diabetic 44.7, 59.78 bone and joint involvement 62.101, 45.53, 51.82–3, 62.73, 75.151–2 diffuse 56.49 in HIV infection 63.12 62.103 nephrolithiasis 62.71 female genital region 71.73 keratoderma with 19.110 classifi cation 50.62–4 nephrotic syndrome 69.116 multiple 15.16, 15.17 painful, erythromelalgia 47.9 of the dorsal hands 50.80–1 dyslipidaemias 59.92 see also neurofi bromatosis neuropeptide Y 4.10, 63.3 extracutaneous 50.81–2 NER (nucleotide excision repair) 15.71–2, pigmented 54.26 in atopic dermatitis 24.17 infl ammatory bowel disease and 15.75–6 pinna 68.28 GnRH release inhibited by 8.4 62.51 nerve block 77.2–4, 77.10 plexiform 56.48–9 neuropeptides 63.2–3, 64.9 oral involvement 69.15–16 in curettage 77.40 in pregnancy 8.12 in atopic dermatitis 24.17 pustular 50.88–90 head and neck 77.2–4 solitary 56.47–8 immune function and 63.4 respiratory tract involvement 62.83 nerve growth factor (NGF) 12.64, 64.5 neurofi bromatosis peripheral nerves 4.10 rheumatoid 50.92–3 mast cell development 3.19 in adolescence 8.7 secretory 63.3 TNF antagonists 74.7 pruritus and 21.5 breast 70.17 wound healing and 63.4 neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis 44.16– in wound healing 63.4 female genital region 71.73 neuropilin-1 14.6 17, 50.62, 50.93–5 nerves genetics 15.2, 15.6, 15.14, 15.15–21 neurosecretory granules, Merkel cells annular lesions 62.112 Aα fi bres 63.1 McCune–Albright syndrome vs 58.18 3.15 in chemotherapy 75.123 Aβ fi bres 4.9, 63.5 mechanical injury 28.8 neurosyphilis 34.14, 63.15, 69.119 neutrophilic panniculitis 46.32, 50.90–1 Aδ fi bres 4.9, 63.1, 63.2, 63.5 pigmentation 58.23 asymptomatic 34.14 neutrophilic pustulosis 50.89 in complex regional pain syndrome segmental 15.20 congenital 34.16 neutrophilic sebaceous adenitis 50.62–3 47.10 type 1 56.48, 62.20, 62.23 differential diagnosis 34.14 nevirapine 74.50, 75.68 adrenergic fi bres 63.3–4 oral involvement 69.41–2 gummatous 34.14 nevus fuscocaeruleus ageing effect 8.24 pigmentation 66.93 meningeal 34.14 ophthalmomaxillaris see naevus, biopsy, in leprosy 32.15 respiratory tract involvement 62.80 tabetic 34.14 of Ota C fi bres 4.9, 63.1, 63.2 urinary tract involvement 62.69 treatment 34.22, 34.23 New World screw-worms 38.8 capsaicin-sensitive 12.64 type 2 62.20, 62.23 see also syphilis newborn see neonate(s) in complex regional pain syndrome neurofi bromatosis–Noonan syndrome neurotensin 12.25 NF see neurofi bromatosis 47.10 15.20–1 neurotheisometer 63.9 NF-1 gene 58.23 mast cells and 21.4 neurofi brosarcoma 56.53 neurothekeoma NF-2 gene 58.23 pruritus and 21.2 neurogenic hypothesis, vitiligo 58.47 cellular 56.50 NF-κB 12.8, 20.40, 46.16 sweat gland innervation 3.12 neurohormones, targeting sebocytes 42.4 dermal nerve sheath myxoma 56.49–50 activation cholinergic fi bres 63.3 neuroimmunology 63.4 neurotic excoriation 23.46 in cylindroma 53.28 destruction in zoster 33.24 neurokinin A 63.2, 63.3 Neurotip® 63.9 by UV radiation 8.21, 8.22 in leprosy 32.4, 32.5, 32.6, 32.12, 32.17 immune function and 63.4 neurotransmitters 63.2 ectodermal dysplasias 15.57–61 complications of damage 32.13, triple response of Lewis and 63.5 peripheral nerves 4.10 NF1 see neurofi bromatosis, type 1 32.14, 32.18 in wound healing 63.4 sweat glands 3.12 NF1 gene 62.23 lepromatous 32.10, 32.11 neurokinin B, menopausal fl ushing 8.20 neurotrophin-4, pruritus and 21.5 NF1-like syndrome 15.21 tuberculoid 32.8–9 neurolabyrinthitis 34.16 neurotropic virus 33.1 NF2 (neurofi bromatosis type 2) 62.20, post-ganglionic fi bres 63.3 neuroleptics see antipsychotic drugs neurovascular disorders, of extremities 62.23 supply to skin 3.12, 3.15–16 neurolipomatosis 18.40 47.9–12 NF2 gene 62.23 nervosism 64.3 neurological abnormalities/involvement neutral endopeptidase (NEP) 12.64, 63.2 NGF see nerve growth factor (NGF) nervous system diseases in Degos’ disease 49.46 neutral lipid storage disease (NLSD) with niacin see nicotinic acid pigmentation changes 58.26 genetics 15.17–18, 15.73 ichthyosis 19.52–4 niacinamide, in erythema elevatum see also central nervous system (CNS); in secondary syphilis 34.11 neutropenia 17.75–6 diutinum 50.27 neurological disorders in SLE 51.45–6 chronic benign 69.117 nicardipine 75.95 76 Index

NICE see National Institute for Health guitar 70.11 NOD2 gene see CARD15 gene molecular and cellular biology and Clinical Excellence (NICE) hyperkeratosis 19.93, 70.8–9 nodal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma 52.12–15 Nicholas Favre disease see inverted 70.8 57.47–9 cancer as genetic disease 52.12 lymphogranuloma venereum jogger’s 70.10–11 nodular dermatofi brosis, in dogs 2.17–18 HVP role 52.14 (inguinale) mechanical injury 28.14, 28.25, 28.31 nodular fasciitis 45.50, 56.4–5, 69.112 multistage carcinogenesis 52.12–13 nickel melanoma 70.15 nodule(s) UV radiation causing mutations allergy 26.30–3 neurofi bromatosis 70.17 in acne vulgaris 42.31, 42.37 52.13–14 chemistry 26.30 Paget’s disease see under Paget’s disease apple-jelly 5.19, 31.11, 31.16, 37.37, molecular genetic analysis 52.12 clinical features 26.31–2 papillary adenoma 70.12–13 61.13 mortality and morbidity 52.2 effects of earrings 68.7 piercing 70.11 athlete’s 28.31 multiple lesions, management 52.17–18 incidence and prevalence 26.30 rudimentary 70.3 coppery red, in tertiary syphilis 34.12 premalignant lesions and 52.2, 52.11 patch tests 26.32 sebaceous glands 42.1 cutaneous epithelioid angiomatous disorders associated 52.2–12 pimecrolimus therapy 73.32 seborrhoeic warts 70.15 56.28 epithelial lesions 52.29–38 prognosis 26.32 sore, in puerperium 8.13 in cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa squamous cell carcinoma therapy 26.32 supernumerary 18.92–3, 70.2–3 50.37–8 development 52.25 urticaria and 22.11 tassel ornaments 70.11 in cysticercosis 37.25 radiation-induced, long latent period in alloys 26.37 variations in 70.1 defi nition 5.7 52.5 avoidance 26.32 ‘wide-set’ 70.2 dermal tumour 54.36 risk factors 52.10–11 dietary intake 26.22, 26.31 niridazole 75.71 differential diagnosis 32.15 risk in premalignant epithelial lesions dimethylglyoxime test 26.99, 27.8 NISCH syndrome 19.62 elastotic of the ear 45.28 52.29 EU directive 26.30, 26.99 nitrazepam 75.81 fi brous digital 45.50 treatment plan 52.17 exclusion from diet 26.22, 26.32, 26.102 nitric oxide (NO) 12.56, 13.4 glial heterotopic 18.89–90, 56.52 UVR associated 29.7 occurrence and sources 26.30–1 actions and mechanism of 73.51 in infective panniculitis 46.27 see also basal cell carcinoma (BCC); oral provocation tests 5.25 depletion, paroxysmal nocturnal in leprosy 32.9 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC); prevention of dermatitis due to 27.9 haemoglobinuria 49.30 in lupus panniculitis 46.25 other specifi c cancers in shoes 26.68 neutralization 25.23 in oil granuloma (sclerosing non-naevoid melanoepithelioma, type 1 systemic reactions to 26.22 pathophysiological role in skin. 12.56 lipogranuloma) 46.29 52.39–40 nickel patch test reagent, sensitization by, role in wound healing 14.1, 14.25 onchocercal 37.4, 37.6–7 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase hair regrowth and 73.39 topical therapy 73.51 prayer 9.13–14, 9.15 inhibitors (NNRTIs) 35.7 Nicolau’s syndrome 75.155 nitric oxide (NO) cream, molluscum subepidermal calcifi ed 56.2 action 74.49–50 nicorandil 69.83, 75.95 contagiosum 33.12 viral infections, milker’s nodule 33.10 in HIV infection 35.6, 35.7 male genital dermatology 71.27 nitric oxide synthase (NOS) 12.54 weathering 68.10, 68.11 side-effects 35.21 nicotinamide nitrite 73.51 yellow-tinged facial 53.15, 53.16 non-perfused pig ear model 25.9 pemphigus foliaceus 40.16 nitritoid reactions 43.15 nodulectomy, in onchocerciasis 37.7 non-specifi c balanoposthitis 71.24 supplements in carcinoid syndrome nitroblue tetrazolium reduction test 13.23 Noggin 3.3 non-steroidal anti-infl ammatory drugs 43.19 nitroethane 25.20 noma 69.14, 69.77–8 (NSAIDs) tetracycline and 74.30 nitrofurantoin 75.59 noma neonatorum 17.45–6 adverse effects 75.72–8, 75.166 dose range and evidence level 74.30 nitrogen mustard nomenclature 5.1 allergic contact dermatitis 26.46 topical therapy 73.51 adverse effects 75.124–5, 75.136 NOMID (neonatal onset multisystem anaphylactoid reactions 75.25 acne vulgaris 42.43 allergic contact dermatitis 26.46 disease) 22.24 erythema multiforme 76.4 nicotine carmustine (BCNU) and 57.23 non-accidental injury see child abuse fi xed eruption 75.29 eccrine gland secretion 44.18 CD30+ lymphoproliferative disorder non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) lichenoid tissue reaction 41.24, 41.25 fi nger staining 62.46 57.30 74.21 photosensitivity 29.20, 29.21, 75.31 replacement 47.5 topical 75.136 non-bullous ichthyosiform erythroderma Stevens–Johnson syndrome 76.4, nicotine acid esters 25.18 see also mechlorethamine (NBIE) 19.17–21 76.11 nicotine patches 26.46 nitroglycerin patches 26.25, 26.46 non-clostridial gas gangrene 59.78 toxic epidermal necrolysis 76.13 nicotinic acid 59.63 nitrosamines 27.5 non-epidermolytic palmoplantar urticaria 22.8, 22.10, 75.26 adverse effects 75.113 nitrosoureas, adverse effects 70.5, 75.126 keratoderma 19.94, 19.97 vasculitis 50.17, 50.18 effect on lipid profi le 59.93 nitrous oxide cryoprobe, vulval lichen non-esterifi ed fatty acids (NEFA) 46.3 bleeding time, effect 49.6 fl ushing associated 43.16 sclerosus 51.118 non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma in mastocytosis 22.35 topical therapy 73.51 nits 38.16, 38.19, 66.62 oral 69.55 skin testing for reactions to 75.173 nidogens 3.28–9, 3.31 NK-cell lymphoma perianal/perineal involvement 71.99 topical 73.25, 75.166 nidus 18.61 CD4+/CD56+ haematodermic sarcoidal reaction in 61.23 as photosensitizers 26.24 Niemann–Pick C1-like protein 59.93 neoplasm 57.39–40 non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) non-syphilitic spirochaetal ulcerative Niemann–Pick cells 59.40 EBV association 33.31 52.1–48 balanoposthitis 71.31 Niemann–Pick disease 44.18, 69.117 NK cells 12.18, 13.6 cancer susceptibility modifying genes non-venereal (epidemic) treponematoses pigmentation 58.24 defi ciency 13.6 52.10–11 30.62–4 types A and B 59.40 EBV infection 33.31 chemoprevention in high-risk patients Noonan’s syndrome (NS) 62.77 nifedipine 74.52 increased activity, epidermodysplasia 52.17–18 ear defects in 68.4 adverse effects 69.21, 70.5, 75.95 verruciformis 33.57 chronic injury and scarring and 52.11 genetics 15.14–15, 15.20–1 systemic sclerosis 51.108 receptors 13.6 defi nitions 52.1–2 lymphoedema 48.10 in wound healing 14.24 NK/T-cell lymphoma (nasal type) detection and diagnosis 52.15 oral involvement 69.41 nifurtimox 37.32 57.40–1 environmental risk factors 52.3–6 noradrenaline (norepinephrine) 12.65, Nigerian satinwood 26.80 NK T cells 13.6, 13.31 chemical carcinogens 52.4–5 63.3, 64.9 night sweats 44.7 NNT (number needed to treat) 7.8–9, 7.12 HPV 52.5–6 peripheral nerves 4.10 Nijmegen breakage syndrome 13.13, NO see nitric oxide PUVA 52.4 norethisterone 26.46 17.68 no-see-ums 38.6 UV radiation 52.3 normal fl ora see bacteria, fl ora (normal Nikolsky sign 28.4, 40.8 Nocardia 50.55 UVA 52.3 skin) in toxic epidermal necrolysis 76.17 actinomycetoma due to 36.72, 36.73, UVB phototherapy 52.4 normolipaemic plane xanthomatosis nimesulide 75.77 36.74 X-rays and thermal radiation 52.5 62.45 nipple 70.1 infections, amikacin 74.42 epidemiology 52.2–6 northern blotting 11.5–6 atopic dermatitis 70.9–10 Nocardia asteroides 30.76 epidermodysplasia verruciformis and northern fowl mite 38.51 basal cell carcinoma 70.15 Nocardia brasiliensis 30.76 52.5 nortriptyline 64.51 benign papillomatosis 70.12–13 Nocardia minutissima see Corynebacterium familial cancer syndromes 52.6 in post-herpetic neuralgia 63.7 in breast cancer 70.13 minutissimum high-risk, management 52.17–18 Norwegian acne 42.79 cracked 8.13, 70.10 Nocardia otitidis caviarum 30.76 host susceptibility factors 52.6 Norwegian scabies see scabies, crusted cyclist’s 70.10–11 nocardiosis 30.76–7 immunosuppression association 52.11 (Norwegian) dermatitis/eczema nociceptors 4.7, 4.9, 21.2 intermediate-risk, management 52.17 NOS (nitric oxide synthase) 12.54 due to mechanical injury 28.14 NOD-like receptor (NLR) family 12.4, low-risk, management 52.17 nose friction dermatitis 25.17 12.9, 12.12 management 52.15–18 ‘Cyrano nose’ 18.46 Paget’s disease vs 53.39 NOD (nucleotide-binding oligomerization destructive vs excisional 52.16 ‘Dudley nose’ 2.23 discharge 53.38 domain) proteins 12.4, 12.9, high-risk patients 52.17–18 fi brous papule 56.2–3 erosive adenomatosis 70.12–13 12.12 optimal treatment by risk level 52.17 glioma 56.52 Paget’s disease vs 53.39 NOD receptors 12.4, 12.9 specifi c treatments 52.16–17 radiotherapy 79.10 fl orid papillomatosis 70.12–13 NOD2 mutations, Blau syndrome 12.12 treatment selection 52.15–16 saddle-nose deformity 34.14, 34.17

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–24.34; Volume 2, pp. 25.1–44.22; Volume 3, pp. 45.1–62.113; Volume 4, pp. 63.1–80.14 Index 77

sarcoidosis 61.9, 61.15 foot shape changes 8.17 prevention 27.9–10 brawny 48.14 self-healing epitheliomas 52.9 lymphoedema and 48.20–1 skin protection programme 25.26 causes 48.7, 48.19 ‘snow nose’ 2.23 macrophages in visceral adipose tissue primary 27.2 chronic 48.7 swelling, rhinophyma see rhinophyma 46.4 prognosis 27.9 chronic ankle 48.7 notalgia paraesthetica 21.15, 23.42, 58.31, measurement 8.16 psychogenic 64.25–6 chronic upper facial erythematous 43.4 63.23 melanoma and 8.17 scleroderma 27.16, 27.17 fi ltration (increased capillary function) Notch signalling 3.6–7 perianal/perineal dermatology 71.85 scrotal cancer 52.4, 52.25 48.7 hair greying and 3.21 pressure and pain sensitivity 8.17 skin cancer 27.15–16 following ear piercing 68.7 melanoma development 3.21 prevention and treatment 46.7–8 stress and 27.2 genetics 15.14 NOTCH3 protein/NOTCH3 gene 50.47 risk factors 8.16 vibration white fi nger 27.17 lymphatic failure causing 48.5 Notoedres cati 2.10, 38.36, 38.46 screening, BMI use 46.5 vitiligo 27.15, 58.9 penile 28.39, 71.30, 71.49 Nottingham Eczema Severity Score sweating and 8.17, 44.7 warts 33.40, 33.47 periorbital 48.23, 67.5 (NESS) 64.10, 72.9 syndromes with cutaneous features occupational exposures, UVR and pitting 47.29, 47.33, 48.7, 48.14 Nottingham Health Profi le 72.16 8.18 standard erythema dose 29.4 post-cellulitis 30.20 novolac 26.73 treatments 8.17–18 OCD (obsessive–compulsive disorder) in pregnancy 8.11 NRL see latex venous leg ulcers and 47.43, 47.47 42.70, 64.18, 64.30 premenstrual 8.8 NS see Netherton’s syndrome (NS); visceral adipocyte dysfunction 46.6, ochronosis 62.105, 75.33 skin colour and 5.16 Noonan’s syndrome (NS) 46.6–7 endogenous 73.27 solid facial 42.74, 48.13, 48.16, 48.23 NSAIDs see non-steroidal anti- Objective Severity Assessment of Atopic exogenous 73.27, 75.165 in triple response 22.12 infl ammatory drugs Dermatitis 72.10 pigmentation 58.54 vulval 71.81 nuchal stain 18.62–3 observational studies 6.19 see also alkaptonuria see also lymphoedema nuclear factor B essential modulator obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) Ockelbo disease 33.66 oedema toxin 30.41 (NEMO) 58.15 42.70, 64.18, 64.30 octopus 38.59 Oedemeridae 38.27 nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) see NF-κB occipital horn syndrome 3.44, 45.14, Octopus apollyon 38.59 oesophagus nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) 45.15, 45.36, 45.39 octreotide aperistalsis 51.99 73.31 occludins 3.24 in carcinoid syndrome 43.19 blistering 39.19 nuclear lamins 3.9 occlusion long-acting depot 43.19 carcinoma, keratoderma with 19.94, in partial face-sparing lipodystrophy microvascular see microvascular 2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one 26.54 19.106, 19.107 46.41 occlusion ocular disorders cutaneous markers of disorders 62.48 nuclear matrix proteins 3.9 role in irritant contact dermatitis 25.8, congenital ichthyoses and 19.60 diverticula, in dermatomyositis 51.125 nucleic acid amplifi cation tests (NAATS) 25.12 CHIME syndrome 19.60 in dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa genital chlamydial infections 34.30 occlusive dressings 73.4 Conradi–Hünermann–Happle 39.19, 39.28 gonorrhoea detection 34.28 occlusive thromboarteriopathy 50.44–5 syndrome 19.49–51 in lichen planus 41.9 lymphogranuloma venereum 34.33 occupation harlequin ichthyosis 19.26, 19.27 spasm 39.28 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors arthropod infestation/attack and 38.2 IBIDS/PIBIDS syndrome 19.47–9 strictures 39.19, 39.28 (NRTI) 35.7 atopy and 27.2 ichthyosis follicularis with alopecia in systemic sclerosis, cobblestone HIV-associated lipodystrophy 46.42 disorders associated with 5.6 and photophobia 19.58–9, 19.60 appearance 51.92 HIV infection 35.5, 35.7 epidemiology of occupational KID/HID syndrome 19.54–7 oestradiol 26.46, 42.12 side-effects 35.21, 35.22 dermatoses and 27.2–3 Refsum’s disease 19.45, 19.46 hair growth and 66.9 nucleotide-binding oligomerization exposure to depigmenting chemicals Sjögren–Larsson syndrome 19.44 secretion, menstrual cycle 8.8 domain (NOD) proteins 12.4, 27.15 X-linked recessive ichthyosis 19.10 Oestridae 38.9 12.9, 12.12 hazards associated with 27.18–21 keratoderma with oculocutaneous oestriol 8.9 nucleotide-binding site and leucine-rich history-taking 5.5 tyrosinaemia 19.95, 19.111–12 oestrogen(s) 74.33 repeat (NBS-LRR) proteins 12.9 nickel allergy and 26.30, 26.32 see also eye(s); visual impairment in breast growth/development 8.4, nucleotide excision repair (NER) 15.71–2, risk of skin disease and 6.12, 27.2 ocular rosacea 43.4, 43.5, 67.6, 67.7 70.1 15.75–6 occupational acne 27.12–15, 42.34, 42.77 clinical features 67.9 cellulite association 46.9–10 numb chin syndrome 62.39 occupational causes, connective tissue epidemiology 67.6 in gynaecomastia 70.4 number needed to treat 7.8–9, 7.12 diseases 51.80 treatment 43.7, 67.11 hair growth and 66.9, 66.11 nummular dermatitis, mechanical injury Occupational contact Dermatitis Disease oculo-dentodigital (ODD) syndrome male breast cancer and 70.14 28.14 severity Index 72.10 15.48 in menopause 8.19 nurse specialist 72.26 occupational dermatoses 27.1–23 oculo-osteocutaneous syndrome 15.31 in menstrual cycle 8.8 nursing measures, pressure ulcers 28.20 acne 27.12–15, 42.34, 42.77 oculoauriculovertebral spectrum 18.82–3, in oral contraceptives, acne treatment nutrition, in severe generalized ageing and 27.2 68.4 42.53 dystrophic EB 39.29 argyria 58.54 oculocerebral syndrome with pigmentation changes and 58.7, 58.25 nutritional disorders 59.58–76 atopic dermatitis 24.33–4 hypopigmentation 58.42 postmenopausal period 8.19 nutritional status Bowen’s disease 52.32 oculocerebrocutaneous syndrome 18.37, at puberty 8.4 child abuse 28.38–9 chemical burns 27.11–12 18.104 receptors 42.12 pressure ulcers 28.18, 28.21–3 chemical depigmentation 58.50–1 oculocutaneous albinism see albinism, receptors in skin, in menopause 8.19 NV (nodular vasculitis) 31.24–5, 50.31–3 clinical features 27.3 oculocutaneous (OCA) sebaceous gland activity control 42.12 nylon fi bres, sarcoidal reaction to 61.22–3 contact dermatitis oculodermal melanocytosis see naevus, of secretion 8.2 nymphohymenal tears 71.56, 71.66 allergic 26.4–5, 26.14, 26.20, 26.79, Ota skin ageing and 80.3–4 nystatin 26.46, 74.46 27.4, 27.5, 27.7 oculoglandular complex 37.32 spider telangiectases and 47.14, 47.15 adverse effects 75.65 irritant 25.13, 25.14, 27.4, 27.5–7 oculomandibulodyscephaly with synthesis 8.8, 8.19 in candidiasis 36.68 contact urticaria 22.20, 26.105, 27.5 hypotrichosis 15.41, 18.81–2, 45.8 transplacental passage 70.4 topical 73.12 defi nition 27.1 oculomucocutaneous syndromes 69.47 oestrogen therapy depigmentation 27.15 see also specifi c syndromes acne vulgaris 42.53 diagnosis 27.4–5 oculotrichodysplasia 15.48 adverse effects 70.5, 75.117–18 O eczematous 27.1–11 ODD (oculo-dentodigital) syndrome hypermelanosis 58.29 oak moss 26.77 epidemiology 26.3, 27.1–4 15.48 Marfan’s syndrome 45.31 oast house disease 66.95 fungal infections from animals 2.12 odds ratio 6.18, 7.8, 7.9, 7.15 menopausal fl ushing 8.20, 43.15 oat cell carcinoma of bronchus, HPV infection 33.40, 33.47 Odland bodies 3.1, 4.2, 4.3 in prevention of ageing 80.3–4 pigmentation changes 58.25 incidence 27.2 Odontacarus 38.50 topical, menopausal women 8.19 obesity 8.16–19, 46.2, 46.5–8 investigations 27.7–9 odonto-onycho-hypohidrotic dysplasia see also oral contraceptives adolescent 8.4 iron salts and accidental tattoos 58.57 with mid-line scalp defect 15.38 oestrone 8.19 aetiology 8.16, 46.5–7 irritants and sensitizers 27.3, 27.18–21 odonto-onychodermal dysplasia 15.48 Oestrus 38.9 associated diseases 46.5, 46.6 leukoderma 27.1, 58.50 odontogenic keratocysts 69.39 OFD see orofaciodigital (OFD) syndrome cutaneous 8.17–18 management 27.10 odontomicronychial dysplasia 15.48 offi ce workers, occupational hazards diabetes mellitus 46.5, 46.7 medicolegal aspects 27.17–18 odontotrichomelic syndrome 15.53 27.20 cellulite vs 46.9 milker’s nodule 33.10 odour(s) ofl oxacin 32.17 in childhood 46.5 mite-associated 38.46–7, 38.48 body see body odour Ofuji’s disease 35.18 cutaneous pathophysiology 8.17 non-eczematous 27.11–15 workplace 64.26 eosinophilic pustular folliculitis 17.10, delayed-type hypersensitivity response non-melanoma skin cancers 52.4 Oeciacus 38.24 30.28–9 in 8.17 orf 33.9 oedema oil(s) Dercum’s disease 46.48 paronychia 65.21 acute haemorrhagic of childhood/ cooking, contamination 27.13 epidemiology 46.5 period of exposure and 27.3 infancy 17.33–4, 49.18–19, 50.30 cutting 27.13 78 Index

diesel 27.13 manicure instrument-associated 65.51 angio-oedema 69.107–8 mucous membrane pemphigoid 69.65, folliculitis due to 27.14, 27.16 in pregnancy 8.10 bacterial infections 69.77–9 69.67–8 grape seed 27.13 in Pseudomonas infection 30.49, 65.10, in Behçet’s disease 50.58, 50.59, 69.44, multiple myeloma 69.114, 69.116 hyperkeratoses due to 27.16 65.11 69.118 myxoma 69.113 as irritants 25.20 in psoriasis 65.24 biology 69.1–3 naevi 69.29 machine 27.6 treatment 73.37 blisters 69.14, 69.22 in neurofi bromatosis type I 69.41–2 soluble 25.20, 27.4, 27.5, 27.6 secondary 65.11 in blue rubber-bleb naevus syndrome in neurological disorders 69.119 sweet almond 27.13 treatment 65.10–11 69.30 nodular fasciitis 69.112 vegetable, comedogenicity 27.13 onychomadesis 65.10, 65.13 burns 69.43, 69.88 in Noonan’s syndrome 69.41 oil acne 42.77 onychomatricoma 65.32–3 Candida albicans carriage 36.56, 36.58, oedema within 48.16 oil beetles 38.26 onychomycosis 69.88 papilloma 69.110–11 oil granuloma 46.29–30 Candida 36.63, 36.64, 36.65, 36.69 candidiasis 36.60–1, 36.64, 69.13, 69.22, in Papillon–Léfèvre syndrome 69.16 oil-in-water emulsions (O/W) 73.7 in childhood 65.7 69.88–9 paracoccidioidomycosis 36.87, 69.118, Oil of Cade 73.42 defi nition 36.53 treatment 36.68 69.121 oil of eucalyptus 38.5 dermatophyte-associated (tinea in cardiovascular disease 69.117 pemphigus vulgaris 69.64–6 oil of wintergreen 75.165 unguium) 36.34–5, 36.50 complications of bone marrow in Peutz–Jeghers syndrome 69.27, Oily Cream BP 73.2, 73.7 differential diagnosis 65.25, 65.28 transplantation 69.82–3 69.28, 69.116 oily creams 73.7 distal and lateral subungual 36.34, in connective tissue disorders 69.117 pigmentation/pigmented lesions 9.3, Ointment of Wool Alcohols BP 73.7 36.63 in Cowden’s syndrome 69.38 69.21–2, 69.26–9, 69.95–100, 75.47 ointments 73.2, 73.5 in elderly people 65.7 in Crohn’s disease 62.49, 69.116 plasmacytoma 69.114 quantity applied 73.3–4 endonyx 36.35 in Darier’s disease 69.25–6 protozoal infestations 69.81 OKT3 75.146 genetics 15.10 dermoid cyst 69.34–5 in psoriasis 69.94 olanzapine 64.16, 64.52, 75.83 in HIV infection 35.33, 35.41 in discoid lupus erythematosus 69.65, in psychiatric disease 69.115 in acne excoriée 42.70 laboratory investigation 36.6, 36.8 69.71 purpura 49.5, 69.21–2, 69.99–9100 old age see elderly people non-dermatophyte moulds as cause drug reactions 69.83, 69.97, 69.116, pyoderma gangrenosum 50.70 Old World screwworms 38.8 36.53–6 75.46–7 pyogenic granuloma 69.20 older patients see elderly people proximal subungual 36.35 in dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa red lesions 69.29–231, 69.100–6 oleic acid 73.5 in psoriasis 65.24 39.18–19 in renal disease 69.116 oleogranuloma (oil granuloma) 46.29–30 Scopulariopsis brevicaulis 36.53–4 in epidermolysis bullosa 69.31–2 rhabdomyoma 69.112 oleoma (oil granuloma) 46.29–30 Scytalidium 36.51–2 epithelium 69.1 rhabdomyosarcoma 69.112 olfactory delusions 64.16–17 superfi cial white 36.34, 36.50, 36.53, erythema 69.22 sarcoidosis 69.109, 69.118 oligodontia 69.6, 69.7 36.55 erythema multiforme 69.65, 69.69–70 sebaceous adenoma 69.23 oligohydramnios 18.1 totally dystrophic 36.35 erythroplasia (erythroplakia) 69.50 soreness 69.85 oligosaccharidoses 59.33 treatment 73.12 examination 69.5–7 in Sturge–Weber syndrome 69.13, oligosacharides, abnormal, detection Trichophyton equinum 2.12 fi broepithelial polyp (fi brous lump) 69.29, 69.30 59.33 onychopapilloma 65.18 69.20 submucous fi brosis 69.106–7 Olindias sambaquiensis 38.56 onychophagia 64.33, 65.50 fi broma 69.20 in Sweet’s syndrome 69.49 olive oil 73.6 onychoptosis defl uvium 65.10 focal mucinosis 69.39 in syphilis 34.18, 69.78, 69.90, 69.91, Ollier’s disease 18.72, 65.34 onychorrhexis 65.12 fungal infections 69.79–80, 69.118 69.118 Olmsted’s syndrome 19.94, 19.101–2, onychoschizia 65.13–14 in gastrointestinal disease 69.116 primary 34.7, 34.8 69.25 in childhood 65.6 in Goltz(–Gorlin) syndrome 69.33–4 secondary 34.11, 34.12 olsalazine 75.56 onychotillomania 64.33, 65.50 in graft-versus-host disease 69.83 tertiary 34.14 omalizumab 74.11, 75.146 onychotrichodysplasia and neutropenia haemangioma 69.13, 69.22, 69.29, 69.30 in systemic disease 69.115–19 Omenn’s syndrome 17.59 15.49 in haematological disease 69.116 in systemic lupus erythematosus 69.71 omeprazole, adverse effects 70.5, 75.157 O’Nyong-Nyong virus infection 33.66, in hereditary angio-oedema 69.33 tattoos 69.95–6 OMIM (Online Mendelian Inheritance in 33.67 in hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectases 69.22, 69.101 Man) 11.2, 15.1 open epicutaneous test 26.11–12 telangiectasia 69.29, 69.117 in toxic epidermal necrolysis 69.70–1 ommochromes 2.5 ophiasis 66.35 in herpes zoster 69.74–5, 69.118 in tuberculosis 69.79, 69.118 omphalith 71.100 ophthalmia neonatorum 34.25, 34.27 in HIV infection 69.19, 69.56, 69.81, in tuberous sclerosis 69.41, 69.118 omphalitis 17.44 ophthalmia nodosa 38.29 69.97–8, 69.118 ulcers 69.22, 69.33, 69.42–9 omphalocele 71.100 ophthalmoganglionar complex 37.32 immunity in 69.3 aetiology 69.14, 69.42 omphalomesenteric duct anomalies ophthalmomyiasis 38.8, 38.9 in immunodefi ciency 69.117 in Behçet’s disease 50.58, 50.59, 18.93–4 opilacao see trypanosomiasis, in Kawasaki disease 69.84, 69.118, 69.121 69.44, 69.118 Omsk virus 33.67 American/South-American keratoacanthoma 69.54–5 Crohn’s disease and 62.50 onchocerciasis 37.3, 37.4–8, 38.5 opioid peptides keratoses 69.90–3 drug-induced 69.83 genital involvement in males 71.33 fl ushing in rosacea and 43.2 in KID syndrome 69.26 eosinophilic 69.43 in HIV infection 35.36 pruritus and 21.3, 21.4, 21.8, 21.9, 24.18 in Kindler syndrome 69.40 herpetiform 69.45 ocular involvement 67.27 opioid receptors 21.4 in Klippel–Trenaunay–Weber in HIV infection 35.42 onchodermatitis, acute papular 37.5 opioid therapy syndrome 69.30 local factors 69.43 oncogenes 11.17–18 adverse effects 75.86–8 in Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis (LCH) major aphthous (Sutton’s) see ondansetron 75.79 post-herpetic neuralgia 63.7 55.11, 69.118 Sutton’s disease onion topical, dystrophic epidermolysis leiomyoma 69.113 minor aphthous (Mikulicz) 69.44–5 allergic contact dermatitis due to 26.77 bullosa 39.30 in leishmaniasis 69.81 in systemic disease 69.56–84 as irritant 25.21 Opitz syndrome 69.37 lentiginosis 69.28 ulcerative colitis and 62.50 in naturopathy 75.162 Opitz–Firas syndrome 69.37 in leukocyte adhesion defi ciency 69.16 varicella 33.24, 69.74 ‘onion-skin cysts’ 46.29 Opitz–Kaveggia syndrome 15.96 lichen planus 26.26, 69.61–3, 69.65 vasculitides 69.81–2 Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man opportunistic infections 30.1 lichen sclerosus et atrophicus 69.63–4 verrucous carcinoma 52.26 (OMIM) 11.2, 15.1 in HIV infection, in pregnancy 8.13 lipoma 69.113 vesiculobullous disorders 69.64–71 ONPPD (o-nitro-p-phenylenediamine) in HTLV-1 infection 33.65 in liver disease 69.115 vesiculoerosive disorders 69.31–3 26.60 see also specifi c infections; specifi c in localized epidermolysis bullosa viral infections 69.72–7, 69.118 Onychocola canadensis 36.53 pathogens simplex (Weber–Cockayne EBS) in Waldenström’s macroglobulinaemia onychocryptosis see nail(s), ingrowing opsonins 13.2, 13.4 39.6 69.114 onychodermal band 3.15, 65.2 optic nerves, in sarcoidosis 61.7 lumps/swellings 69.33–6, 69.109–15 warts 69.111 onychodysplasia, congenital of the index optical whiteners 26.65, 26.67 lymphangioma 69.34 white lesions 69.13, 69.87–95 fi ngers 65.20 oral allergy syndrome 22.20, 26.105, lymphatic system 69.4 see also leukoplakia onychodystrophy, Naegeli’s syndrome 69.108 in Maffucci’s syndrome 69.13, 69.29, in Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome 69.31 58.19 oral care, in dystrophic epidermolysis 69.30 in xeroderma pigmentosum 69.42 onychogryphosis 65.5, 65.12, 65.51, 65.52, bullosa 39.28 malignant disease 69.13, 69.22, 69.42, oral commissures 69.2 65.53 oral cavity 69.5 69.49–456, 69.98–9, 69.116 oral contraceptives onycholysis 65.10–11 abscess 69.109 metastatic 69.55–6 acne vulgaris treatment 42.53 in allergic contact dermatitis 26.27 in acanthosis nigricans 69.34 melanoma 54.6, 54.47 adverse effects 69.97, 75.118 dermatophyte-associated 36.35 in acrodermatitis enteropathica 69.31 in metabolic disorders 69.117 hyperpigmentation 58.25, 75.33 drug-induced 75.46 allergic contact dermatitis 26.20–1 mucosa 69.2 allergic contact dermatitis and 26.8 in hyperthyroidism 62.8 in amyloidosis 69.114–15, 69.116, 69.117 disorders 69.21–115 female genital dermatology and 71.52 idiopathic 65.10 anatomical variants 69.6–7 hyperpigmentation 69.95 fl ushing management 43.15

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–24.34; Volume 2, pp. 25.1–44.22; Volume 3, pp. 45.1–62.113; Volume 4, pp. 63.1–80.14 Index 79

hidradenitis suppurativa and 30.80, diabetic foot ulcers and 47.58 transcutaneous oxygen tension (tcPO2) pagetoid dyskeratosis 69.91 30.81 in invasive otitis externa 68.26 4.11, 47.3, 47.26 male genital dermatology 71.46 interactions with antibiotics 75.55 in neuropathic ulcer 63.9 oxygen perfusion, pressure ulcers 28.18 pagetoid reticulosis 57.15 telogen effl uvium and 66.28 pressure ulcers and 28.19–20 oxygen tension, Propionibacterium acnes pagetoid vulval intraepithelial neoplasia oral dysaesthesia 26.20, 26.39, 62.85, in tertiary syphilis 62.105 growth and acne 42.25 71.75 69.86–7 osteomyelitis syphilitica 34.16 oxyhaemoglobin 5.15 Paget’s disease oral hairy leukoplakia, EBV and 33.31 osteonectin 14.3 in erythema 25.22 extramammary 53.40–1, 62.16–17 oral lesions, genetics 15.17 osteopathy 72.32 oxymetazoline, fl ushing management in diagnosis 10.21 oral leukokeratosis, focal keratoderma osteopoikilosis 18.33, 51.98, 62.99, 62.102 rosacea 43.6 external ear 68.30 with 19.103 osteopontin 49.47 Oxyopidae 38.32 female genitalia 71.78–9 oral–facial–digital syndrome, type I osteoporosis, cutaneous atrophy and 45.3 oxypentifylline, fl ushing and 43.15 male genitalia 71.46–7 62.69–70 Ota, naevus of see naevus, of Ota oxyphenbutazone 75.28, 75.77 perianal/perineal 71.98 orange peel appearance, skin 46.9 otalgia 68.1, 68.22 oxytalan fi bers 3.42 pseudoxanthoma elasticum and orange tawny 38.50 psychogenic 68.35 oxytetracycline 74.41 45.23 orbicularis oris 69.1 otitis externa 68.20–7 acne vulgaris treatment 42.47, 42.48 topical 5-FU 73.23 orbital oedema, genetics 15.14 acute diffuse 68.22 adverse effects, ocular 67.31–2 topical imiquimod 73.24 orchitis, in lymphatic fi lariasis 37.9 acute localized 68.27 oxyuriasis 37.13–14 nipple 53.38–40, 62.16, 70.10, 70.14 orf 33.8–10, 69.121 allergic and ‘ide’ reactions 68.24 Oxyuris infestation, perianal/perineal breast cancer and 53.38, 53.39, clinical features, diagnosis and in animals 2.11 infl ammation 71.84 70.14 treatment 33.9 benign non-necrotizing 68.24 pagoda red 10.10 organelles, defects in Chédiak–Higashi bullous 68.22 pain syndrome 58.41 chronic 68.22–3 P abdominal, in Henoch–Schönlein organic solvents 25.3, 25.20, 27.17 clinical features 68.22–3 P antigen, erythrocyte 33.63 purpura 50.20 scleroderma-like lesions 51.80 complications 68.24 P-cadherin arterial ulceration 47.52 organoid naevus syndrome 18.27–30, contact dermatitis and 26.17 gene mutations 3.24 chronic skin 63.23–4 54.11 differential diagnosis 68.23–4 in Hailey–Hailey disease 39.33 complex regional pain syndrome 44.8, ‘orgasm cutanée’ 64.23, 64.27 environmental factors 68.21 P-selectin 13.4 63.20–2 oriental sore 37.34–9 genetic and constitutional factors P value 6.18, 7.11, 7.19, 7.20–1 congenital insensitivity to 63.19 orlistat 8.18 68.20–1 p16 gene mutations, cancer and 52.12 in cryosurgery 77.39 ornamental piercings 28.51–2 granular 68.22 p16 protein, in melanoma pathogenesis deafferentation 63.6 Ornithobilharzia 37.22 histopathology 68.22 54.33 in erythromelalgia 47.9 Ornithodoros 38.35 hypertrophic 68.24, 68.25 p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in furunculosis 30.24 Ornithonyssus 38.51 incidence 68.20 (p38MAPK) 40.6 lightning 63.11, 63.15 ornithosis 30.71–2, 62.80, 62.107 infective 68.20 p53 15.61 mediation 4.9 orofacial granulomatosis 26.20–1, invasive (malignant/necrotizing) 30.49, inactivation by E6 protein of HPV oral 69.85 69.59–61 68.25–7, 68.28 33.39 plantar warts 33.44 orofaciodigital (OFD) syndrome mycotic 36.7–8, 36.17, 68.27–8 proliferating trichilemmal tumour and in post-herpetic neuralgia 63.6 type I 15.49, 69.37 necrotic 36.17 53.5 quality of 5.4 type II 69.37 pathogenesis 68.20 UV-induced melanocyte growth arrest referred, to ear 68.35 orokeratosis striata lichenoides (Nékam’s Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection and and 58.7 sensitivity, in obesity 8.17 disease) 41.27–8, 73.44 30.49, 68.21, 68.22, 68.25 UVR-induced activation 29.5 threshold, increased with age 8.24 oropharyngeal infection, gonococcal reactive 68.20, 68.23 p53 gene zoster 33.25, 33.26 34.25 recurrent 68.24 ectodermal dysplasias and 15.61 pain management oropharynx, in HIV infection 35.42–4 seborrhoeic 68.23 mutations burns 28.79 Oropouche viruses 33.67, 33.70 secondary sensitization 68.24 cancer and 52.12, 52.32 in dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa orosomucoid 13.19 secondary trauma 68.24 UVR-induced 29.7 39.30 Oroya fever 30.57–8, 35.25 traumatic 68.21 p59 protein 73.17 venous leg ulcers 47.49 orthomyxoviruses 33.3, 33.75 treatment 68.24–5 p63 gene 10.24 pain syndromes orthopoxviruses 33.5, 33.7, 33.8 Otodectes cynotis 2.11, 38.46 mutations in ectodermal dysplasias male genitalia 71.51–2 Orthoptera 38.28 otodental dysplasia 69.11 15.61 perianal/perineal 71.99 Osler–Rendu–Weber disease see otomycosis 36.7–8, 36.17, 68.27–8 p63 protein 3.6, 10.24, 15.61 vulval 71.81–2 hereditary haemorrhagic otophyma 43.9 p73 gene, ectodermal dysplasias and painful bruising syndrome 49.16, 64.33–4 telangiectasia (HHT) Oudtshoorn disease 19.66, 19.68–9 15.61 painful fat syndrome 48.20 Osler’s nodes 62.78 ovarian disorders p73 protein 15.61 painful swelling, male genitalia 71.49 osmidrosis 44.19–20 hirsutism and 66.82 PABA (p-aminobenzoic acid) 26.23, 26.62 painters, occupational hazards 27.20 Osnabrueck Hand Eczema Severity Index purpura in 49.18 PACAP (pituitary adenylate cyclase- paints (topical therapy) 73.2 72.10 ovarian follicles 8.19 activating peptide) 12.63–4, 63.3 Pakistan, prevalence of skin disease 6.10 ossifi cation, skin 59.70 ovarian tumours, hirsutism and 66.82 pacemakers, electrosurgery and 77.46 Pal-E 48.4 osteoarthritis, venous leg ulcers and ovary pachyderma 37.6 palate 47.46 androgen production, inhibition 42.53 pachydermatoglyphy 62.31–2 cleft see cleft lip/palate osteochondritis, in congenital syphilis atrophic 8.19 pachydermatous eosinophilic dermatitis, tertiary syphilis 34.14 34.16 ovulation 8.8 differential diagnosis 24.27 palisaded neutrophilic and osteochondroma, subungual 65.33 ‘owl eye’ intranuclear inclusions, CMV pachydermia oralis 35.43, 69.23–4 granulomatous dermatitis osteocytes, origin 12.30 33.29 pachydermodactyly 45.48–9 51.131, 62.103–4 osteodystrophy, Albright’s hereditary 22-oxa-calcitriol see maxacalcitol mechanical injury and 28.15 palladium 26.37–8 15.6 oxalic acid 25.20 pachydermoperiostosis 15.87, 15.88–9, pallor 62.85 osteoectasia 45.23 oxaliplatin 75.134 45.41–2, 62.2, 62.101 ‘porcelain-white’ 49.45 osteogenesis imperfecta 45.40–1, 69.8 oxerutins 48.25 pachyonychia congenita (PC) 59.48, 65.20 vasoconstrictor assay for corticosteroids bone and joint involvement 62.100 oxiconazole, topical 73.12 genetics 15.49 73.16 collagen gene mutations 3.35 oxidative burst 13.4, 13.5 Jackson-Lawler type (PC-2) see Jackson– palmar arteries 65.4 purpura in 49.15 oxidative stress 12.55 Lawler syndrome (pachyonychia palmar crease erythema 62.85 osteoid osteoma 65.34 oxidizing agents as irritants 25.21 congenita type 2) palmar dermatitis, mechanical injury and osteolysis, massive see Gorham’s oxprenolol 75.91 Jadassohn–Lewandosky type (PC-1) see 28.14 (Gorham–Stout) disease oxybenzone 26.23, 26.24 Jadassohn–Lewandowsky palmar erythema, in pregnancy 8.10 osteoma oxybutinin 44.12 syndrome (pachyonychia palmoplantar hyperkeratosis and alopecia external auditory canal 68.28, 68.29 oxycodone 63.7 congenita type 1) 15.49 genetics 15.26 Oxycopis vittata 38.27 keratins in 65.3 palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK) 19.3, jaw 69.39 oxygen mechanical injury and 28.13 19.93–119, 59.48 osteoid 65.34 hyperbaric therapy 14.25 oral involvement 69.24 acquired 19.116–19 pinna 68.28 gas gangrene 30.44 prenatal diagnosis 16.3 cicatrizing 19.94, 19.95, 19.101–2, osteoma cutis 42.78, 51.69, 56.61–2, 62.99, lymphoedema 48.23 Pacinian corpuscles 4.9, 4.10, 63.2, 63.14 19.108–9 62.101 neonatal transcutaneous monitoring paclitaxel 75.135–6 classifi cation 19.93–4 osteoma mucosae 69.108–9 17.13–14 Paederus 38.26–7 congenital and perioral 19.94, 19.101–2 osteomyelitis 62.99 in photosensitivity reactions 29.20 PAF see platelet-activating factor (PAF) deafness and 19.3, 19.94, 19.108–10 chronic recurrent multifocal 62.104 role in wound healing 14.1, 14.25 Paget cells 53.38–9 diffuse 19.94, 19.95–7 80 Index

extracutaneous features 19.94–5, pangeria see Werner’s syndrome papillary hidradenoma 71.72 papuloerythroderma of Ofuji 9.13, 23.50– 19.106–12 panhypopituitarism 46.35 papillary hyperplasia 69.112 1, 62.38 fi liform 19.114 pannexins 3.24 papillary tip microabscess 10.41 papulosis focal 19.3, 19.94, 19.95, 19.102–5, panniculitis 46.10–12, 46.12–34, 51.14–15, papillary vessels, actinic keratosis 52.31 Bowenoid see Bowenoid papulosis 62.20–1 51.87 papilloedema, in sarcoidosis 61.7 clear cell, genitocrural dermatology hereditary 69.16 acute papilloma 71.6 hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia 19.94, infectious id 46.32 basal cell see seborrhoeic keratosis malignant atrophic see Degos’ disease 19.106 mechanical injury 28.27 carcinogen-induced in murine model (malignant atrophic papulosis) hyperhidrosis and 44.8 in animals 2.16 52.12, 52.13 papulosquamous infections, in animals malignancy and 19.106, 19.116–17 α1-antitrypsin defi ciency 46.20–1 conjunctiva 33.47 2.21 marginal papular 19.114–15 autoimmune 46.15 defi nition 5.7 papulovesicles, hydroa vacciniforme miscellaneous syndromes 19.115–16 calcifying, with renal failure 46.16–17 focal dermal hypoplasia syndrome 29.15 in Naegeli’s syndrome 58.19 cellular proliferative disease 46.23 15.84 papulovesicular acrolocated syndrome see Nékam’s disease and 41.27 chronic ulcerative, drug-induced 46.28 histopathology 10.40–1 Gianotti–Crosti syndrome periodontitis with see Papillon–Lefèvre classifi cation 46.11 HPV causing 33.37–8 para-aminosalicylic acid 74.45 syndrome cold 17.35, 46.21 nasal inverting 33.47 parabens 26.54–5, 73.8, 75.159 porokeratotic 19.112–13 complement defi ciency with 46.27 oral 69.110–11 paracellin-1 (claudin 16), gene mutations punctate 19.95, 19.112–13 connective tissue 46.31–2, 51.87 progression to cancer, murine model 3.25 striate 19.3, 19.94, 19.95, 19.105–6, crystal deposition association 46.16–17 52.13 paracetamol 75.72–3 19.107 cytophagic histiocytic 46.23–5 papillomatosis parachlorometacresol 26.56–7, 73.8 transgredient 19.94, 19.95, 19.98–101 Degos' disease 49.45 acanthotic chronic 62.54 parachlorometaxylenol 26.56, 73.14 palmoplantar keratoderma varians see in dermatomyositis 46.31–2, 51.124 confl uent and reticulate 5.10, 19.121–2, parachlorophenylalanine 43.19 palmoplantar keratoderma drug-induced 35.22 36.13–14 Paracoccidioides brasiliensis 36.87, 36.88 (PPK), focal chronic ulcerative 46.28 in eczema 23.4 paracoccidioidomycosis 36.87–8, 69.118, palmoplantar pits, naevoid basal cell enzymic (pancreatic) 46.18–20 external auditory canal 68.29 69.121 carcinoma syndrome 52.7 eosinophilic 46.12 fl orid in HIV infection 35.34 palmoplantar porokeratosis (of Mantoux) factitial 46.28–9, 46.29 cutaneous 19.93 male genitalia 71.32 19.91 fasciitis–panniculitis syndrome 46.30, oral 69.53 ‘paradoxical healing,’ tertiary syphilis palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP) 46.31 histopathology 10.41 34.13 acitretin therapy 74.35 granulomatous 46.14, 46.27 respiratory 33.47 paraffi n, acnegenicity 27.13 bone and joint involvement 62.101–2, granulomatous lipophagic 46.32 reticulate 73.44 paraffi n implants, scleroderma 51.82 62.103 in HIV infection 35.25 in seborrhoeic keratosis 52.39 paraffi noma 28.43–4, 46.28, 46.29–30 palmoplantar skin, structure 3.9 idiopathic nodular 46.13–14 in viral warts 33.41 classical 46.28, 46.29 palms infective 46.27–8 vulval 33.46 orbital/palpebral 46.28 biopsy 10.32 lipoatrophic (connective tissue/ papillomatoverrucous palmoplantar paragonimiasis 37.23 erythema, paraneoplastic 62.41 autoimmune) 46.15 keratoderma 19.95, 19.115 Paragonimus 37.23 hairy malformation 18.14 lipophagic 46.15 papillomaviruses 33.2, 33.37 parahydroxybenzoic acid esters 73.8 hyperhidrosis 44.7–8, 77.37 lobular 46.11, 46.13–25 canine oral 33.42 parakeratosis hyperkeratotic eczema 23.16, 26.29 plasma cell 46.14 human see human papillomavirus in actinic keratosis 52.30–1 hyperpigmentation 9.2 unusual causes 46.14 (HPV) Crohn’s disease and 62.49 keratosis punctata 9.10 vasculitis with 31.24–5, 50.31–3 β-papillomaviruses, epidermodysplasia granular, in obesity 8.17 lichen nitidus 41.22 lupus 46.25–7, 50.49 verruciformis and 52.6 histopathology 10.41 lichen planus 26.29, 41.7, 41.8, 41.14 lymphoedema and 48.13 Papillon–Lefèvre syndrome 13.13, 15.50, in irritant contact dermatitis 25.4 liver 62.64 migrating 37.17 19.94, 19.110, 19.111 in lichen planus 41.4 melanocytic naevi 54.17–18 mixed (septal and lobular) 46.11, late-onset 69.16 mechanical injury and 28.11 melanoma 54.44, 54.45 46.25–32 oral involvement 69.16, 69.33 reversal in psoriasis, coal tar and recurrent focal palmar peeling 23.19 neutrophilic 46.32, 50.90–1 papovaviruses 33.2 73.42 seed-like keratoses 62.33 nodular 46.13, 46.24 papular acantholytic dermatosis (transient parakeratosis pustulosa 65.23, 65.25 tripe 62.31–2 complement defi ciency 46.27 and persistent acantholytic parakeratosis variegata 57.58 vesicular eczema see pompholyx cystic 46.22 dermatoses) 19.86–8 paralysis see also hand(s) infectious causes 46.14 papular acrodermatitis of childhood see in leprosy 32.18 Palomena prasina 38.25 oedematous scarring vasculitic 46.32–3 Gianotti–Crosti syndrome tick 38.35 palpation of skin 5.17–18 paraneoplastic 62.40 papular atrichia 66.59 Paramyxovirus 33.75 palpebral arteries 67.2 post-steroid 46.16 papular keratoderma, marginal 19.95, paramyxoviruses 33.3, 33.75 palpebral fornices, superior and inferior ‘primary’ lipophagic 46.15 19.114–15 paraneoplastic disorders 62.29–46 67.2 pustular 51.132 papular mucinosis see mucinosis, papular genodermatoses 62.19–29 PAMPs see pathogen-associated pustular neutrophilic 46.32 papular–purpuric gloves and socks paraneoplastic pemphigus 40.22–4 molecular patterns (PAMPs) relapsing febrile nodular 46.13 syndrome 33.63, 49.20, 69.99 clinical features 40.4 PAN see polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) sclerosing (lipodermatosclerosis) viral infections associated 33.63, 33.76, immunopathology and panatrophy 46.30–1 35.31 immunogenetics 40.4 of Gower 45.11 self-infl icted 46.28–9 papules parangi see yaws local 45.11 septal 46.11, 46.12, 46.32 in acne, early 42.25, 42.31 paranitrophenyl phosphatase 44.3 sclerotic 45.11 viral infections and 33.76 in acne conglobata 42.82 paranoia 64.17 pancornulins 3.10 subacute nodular migratory 46.12 benign lymphangiomatous 48.28–9 paraphenylenediamine 26.17, 26.25, 26.26, pancreas ulcerative 46.20 common warts 33.42 26.60–2, 26.64, 66.97 cystic fi brosis 59.59 vasculitis with 46.11, 46.32–4 defi nition 5.7 sensitization to 26.95 disorders see pancreatic disease panniculitis-like T-cell lymphomas, fi ssured (‘split’), in syphilis 34.11, 34.16 substituted, lichen planus-like contact pancreatic cancer 54.33, 54.34 subcutaneous (SPTL) see under T- in Gianotti–Crosti-like syndrome 33.77 dermatitis and 41.23 enzymic panniculitis in 46.18 cell lymphomas infantile pedal 17.15 in temporal henna tattoos 58.57 fl ushing and 43.16 pannus 67.4 in juvenile xanthogranuloma 55.16 paraphimosis 71.8–9, 71.20–1 pancreatic disease 62.65–8 panobinostat 11.16 in Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis 55.9 parapoxviruses 33.5, 33.8–9, 33.10 subcutaneous fat necrosis 46.18–20, panophthalmitis 38.29 in leprosy 32.9 paraproteinaemia 69.114 62.65–6 pansclerotic morphoea of children 51.71– lichen nitidus 41.21, 41.22 diffuse plane xanthomatosis with 55.22 see also specifi c diseases 2, 51.75 lichen planus 41.4, 41.6 paraneoplastic 62.44 pancreatic enzymes, panniculitis due to Panstrongylus megistus 37.31 milker’s nodule 33.10 purpura in 49.19 46.18–20 Panton–Valentine leukocidin 30.8, ‘moist’ in syphilis 34.10 xanthomata and 59.92 pancreatic panniculitis 46.18–20 30.23–4 necrotizing, cryptococcosis 35.33 paraproteins 13.17, 62.92–5 pancreatitis 69.116 pao ferro 26.81 in orf 33.9 in necrobiotic xanthogranuloma 55.28 acute 62.65 PAP (postaxial polydactyly) 18.92 papular xanthoma 55.19–20 parapsoriasis 57.57 enzymic panniculitis after 46.18 PAPA syndrome 42.82, 50.53, 50.66, piezogenic pedal 28.61 large plaque, early stage mycosis pancuronium 75.153 62.104 psoriasiform, in syphilis 34.10, 34.11 fungoides 57.13 pancytopenia with congenital defects see papatasi fever 38.5 rheumatoid 50.52 small plaque 57.13 Fanconi’s anaemia/syndrome papaya 25.21 ‘sago grain,’ plantar warts 33.43 parapsoriasis-en-plaque, benign 23.7–8, panda sign 49.4, 49.15 paper money skin 62.64 secondary syphilitic 34.7, 34.9, 34.10, 57.57 Paneth’s cells 4.5 Papilionaceae 26.80 34.10–11 pararosaniline chloride see gentian violet

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–24.34; Volume 2, pp. 25.1–44.22; Volume 3, pp. 45.1–62.113; Volume 4, pp. 63.1–80.14 Index 81

parasites 37.1–44 pastes 73.2 patched gene 11.11, 11.17, 11.18, 52.6, PELVIS syndrome 18.47, 18.96 hosts 37.1 drying (cooling) 73.2 52.12, 53.2 Pemberton sign 62.8, 62.44 life histories 37.1–3 protective (fatty) 73.2 mutation in naevoid basal cell PEMKB (pseudoepitheliomatous see also specifi c parasites Pasteurella canis 30.54 carcinoma syndrome 52.19, micaceous and keratotic parasitic diseases Pasteurella dagmatis 30.54 62.21 balanitis) 71.37–8 animals 2.9–11 Pasteurella multocida 30.18, 30.54, 38.60–1 patent urachal duct 71.100 pemphigoid 40.26–35 comparison with humans 2.21 in cats 2.12 Paterson–Brown–Kelly syndrome 62.48 bullous see bullous pemphigoid ocular involvement 67.27 Pasteurella stomatis 30.54 pathergy cicatricial see mucous membrane perianal/perineal involvement 71.92 Pastia’s lines 30.34 in Behçet’s disease 50.59 pemphigoid (MMP) see also specifi c diseases Patau’s syndrome (trisomy 13) 15.11, in pyoderma gangrenosum 50.68 drug-induced 67.20 parasitosis, delusional 21.12, 64.13–16, 18.102–3, 62.77, 68.4 pathogen-associated molecular patterns ear 68.16 65.50, 68.16 patch test 5.22, 13.22, 26.84–93 (PAMPs) 12.4, 12.9 genital involvement parasympathetic nervous system 63.1, 63.3 acrylic resins 26.73 acne aetiology 42.25 in females 71.66 parathormone, pruritus and 21.8 allergen storage 26.86 ‘patient-centred care’ 72.1 in males 71.28 parathyroidectomy 49.48 aluminium 26.40 patient education, in atopic dermatitis genitocrural involvement 71.5 parathyroidism, genetics 15.81 in atopic dermatitis 24.11 24.28 mucous membrane see mucous paratoluenediamine 66.97 atopy 23.37 patient expectations 72.1–3 membrane pemphigoid (MMP) paratyphoid 30.47–8 children 26.8–9 Patient Generated Index 72.16, 72.22 oral cavity 69.22 paravaccinia (milker’s nodule) 33.10–11 chromium 26.36 Patient Health Questionnaire-9 64.48 perianal/perineal involvement 71.91 parchment pulps 23.6 clothing 26.67 patient information, drug therapy 72.7 stump 28.29 Parents’ Index of Quality of Life in cobalt 26.34 Patient-Orientated Eczema Measure pemphigoid gestationis 8.13, 8.14, 21.14, Atopic Dermatitis (PIQol-AD) colophony 26.83 (POEM) 72.9, 72.10, 72.14 40.41–5 72.20 complications 25.17, 26.94–5 patient reported outcomes (PROs) 64.10 aetiology 40.41–2 parietal emissary vein 77.2, 77.3 compound allergy 26.89 patient self-help groups 6.14, 64.7, associated diseases 40.44 Parinaud’s oculoglandular syndrome concentrations 26.85–6, 26.92–3 72.33–4 clinical features 40.43 30.57 contact dermatitis around venous leg pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) 12.9, defi ned 40.41 Parker’s stain 36.7 ulcer 47.44–5 13.5 differential diagnosis 40.45 Parkes–Weber syndrome 18.61–2, 47.24 cosmetic vehicles 26.58, 26.59 Paul–Bunnell test 33.30 immunopathology and lymphoedema with 48.21 cosmetics 26.48–9 Paussidae 38.27 immunogenetics 10.18, 10.19 parkinsonism 69.119 cross-reactions 26.96 Pautrier-like microabscesses, in pathogenesis/pathology 40.42–3 seborrhoeic dermatitis and 23.29 dose 26.86 Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis prognosis 40.44 Parkinson’s disease drugs 26.45, 75.168–9, 75.170 55.8 transplacental 17.19 restless legs syndrome and 47.12 ear battery 68.24 Pautrier microabscesses 10.41, 57.9, 57.38, treatment 40.45 sweating in 44.7 in eczema 23.37 57.54 pemphigoid nodularis 40.33–4 paronychia epoxy resins 26.71 in adult T-cell leukaemia-lymphoma pruritus in 21.15 bacterial (acute) 30.32, 65.21 exposure time 26.86–7 (ATLL) 57.37–8 pemphigoid vegetans 40.34 Candida 9.18, 36.63, 36.64, 36.69, 65.21 false-negative reactions 26.89, 27.7 PAX3 gene 2.7, 58.3, 58.44 oral involvement 69.68 in childhood 65.6 false-positive reactions 26.87–8, PBC see primary biliary cirrhosis pemphigus 40.3–24 chronic 36.63, 65.21–2, 65.28 27.7 PC see pachyonychia congenita (PC) aetiology 40.3–4 herpetic 33.17, 65.22–3 footwear 26.69 PCBs see polychlorinated biphenyls in animals 2.15 in HIV infection 35.41 formaldehyde 26.50 PCDFs (polychlorinated dibenzofurans) autoantibodies to Merkel cells 3.16 mechanical injury and 28.25 formaldehyde resins 26.74 27.12–13 azathioprine therapy 40.12, 40.16, 74.15 in psoriasis 65.25 fragrances 26.40, 26.42 PCMC (chlorocresol) 26.56–7, 73.8 clinical features 40.4 Scytalidium 36.52 gold 26.38 PCMX (chloroxylenol) 26.56, 73.14 defi ned 40.3 syphilis differential diagnosis 34.7 hair dyes 26.61 PCOS see polycystic ovary syndrome diagnosis, direct immunofl uorescence syphilitic 34.11, 34.16 history 26.2 (PCOS) of IgG 40.8 treatment 65.22 ICDRG scoring system 26.87 PCR see polymerase chain reaction drug-induced 40.18–19, 75.20, 75.38–9 parotid duct 69.5 indications 26.84 PCT see porphyria cutanea tarda ear 68.16 operations, gustatory hyperhidrosis irritants 25.9–10 PCV (plasma cell vulvitis) 71.61 familial benign chronic see Hailey– following 44.10 late reactions 26.87, 26.95 PDE (phosphodiesterase), in atopic Hailey disease parotid gland examination 69.5 mercury 26.39 dermatitis 24.15–16 genital involvement Paroven® 48.25, 75.98 methods 26.84–6 PDGF see platelet-derived growth factor in females 71.66 paroxetine 64.50 MOAHL index 26.3 peanut agglutinin 55.9 in males 71.28 adverse effects 75.79 MOAHLFA index 26.3 Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis cells 55.8, genitocrural involvement 71.5 in pruritus 21.12, 21.17, 21.18 multiple primary hypersensitivities 55.9 immunopathology 10.18, 10.19 paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria 26.96 pearly penile papules 71.11 loss of desmosomes 40.15 (PNH) 13.4, 49.30–1 multiple reactions 26.95–7 peau d’orange 45.26, 45.53, 48.7, 62.15, oral 69.22 Parrot’s nodes 34.17 nickel 26.32 70.14 paraneoplastic 40.22–4, 62.44–5, 76.19 Parrot’s pseudoparalysis 34.16 non-invasive measurement techniques in rosacea 43.3 in animals 2.15 Parry–Romberg syndrome 45.11–12, 51.70 26.88 PECAM-1 see CD31 antibodies to desmosomal proteins PARs see proteinase-activated receptor(s) non-specifi c hyperreactivity 26.95 PECL (cutis laxa and post-infl ammatory 3.22 Parthenium 26.10, 26.20, 26.75, 26.76 occupational dermatoses 27.7–8 elastolysis) 45.19–20 B cell malignancies and 62.90 parthenolide 26.75 open 26.97 PEComa 56.60 oral 69.66–7 parvovirus B19 6.12–13, 33.62 palladium 26.38 pectus excavatum 45.30 overlap with lichen planus antibodies to 33.63 plant allergens 26.77–8 pederin 38.26 pemphigoides 41.20–1 genotypes 33.62 predictive 26.11–12 Pediatric Symptom Checklist 72.23 respiratory tract involvement parvovirus B19 infection 6.12–13, 33.62–4 in pregnancy 26.85 pediculicides, in head louse infection 62.83–4 clinical features 33.63, 33.76 preservatives/biocides 26.50, 26.51, 38.19–20 pathology 40.7–8 diagnosis and treatment 33.63 26.52, 26.53–4, 26.55, 26.56, pediculosis capitis see lice, head peristomal 62.54 in HIV infection 35.31 26.57 Pediculus, in primates 2.10 in pregnancy 40.9 pathogenesis 33.63 propolis 26.83 Pediculus capitis see lice, head presentation as paronychia 65.21 in pregnancy 33.63 quenching 26.89 Pediculus humanus see lice, clothing/body prognosis 40.9 purpura in 49.20 quick 75.169 peeling skin syndromes 19.66–9 treatment 40.11–12 parvoviruses 33.2, 33.62–4 readings and interpretation 26.87–8 pegfi lgrastim 50.76 corticosteroids 40.11–12 PARV4 and PARV5 33.62 relevance 26.88 Pelagia noctiluca 38.56 immunosuppressive agents 40.12 PAS stain see periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) rubber 26.64–5 pelargonium 25.21 infl iximab 40.6, 40.12 staining selection of test substances 26.91–2 pellagra 59.63 prognosis 40.9 PASI (Psoriasis Area and Severity Index) sensitivity 26.12 aetiology 29.21 rituximab 74.9 7.11–12, 20.41, 72.9, 72.14 site 26.86 eczema and 23.27 topical or intralesional steroids 40.11 Pasini’s syndrome 39.21–2, 45.50 standardized protocol 26.2 epidemiology 6.1 see also specifi c types passive haemagglutination test 75.174 test materials 26.85 pigmentation changes 58.28 pemphigus erythematosus (Senear–Usher passive transfer test 5.23 ultraviolet fi lters 26.62 pelvic infl ammatory disease (PID) syndrome) 40.4, 40.16, 51.41 paste bandages 73.2, 73.42 unexplained positive reactions 27.7 chlamydial infections causing 34.29–30 in animals 2.15 in eczema 23.38 vehicles 26.85, 26.92–3 gonococci causing 34.26 cytodiagnosis 10.29 in lichen simplex 23.41 woods 26.83 pelvic malignancy, lymphoedema 48.8 differential diagnosis 40.16 82 Index pemphigus foliaceus 40.13–17 penicillin V 74.40 perforating keratotic disorders 19.88–9 in Papillon–Léfèvre syndrome 69.16, aetiology 40.13 in recurrent cellulitis and perforins 10.26, 13.6, 13.11 69.18 in animals 2.10, 2.12, 2.15 lymphoedema 48.24 performing artists, occupational hazards in Prader–Willi syndrome 69.17 anti-DG1 antibodies 40.13–14 penicilliosis 36.88–9 27.20 in Unna–Thost syndrome 69.16 antigen 40.13 in HIV infection 35.34 perfumes periodontium 69.2 clinical features 40.4, 40.15–16, 40.18 Penicillium as allergens 26.40–3 disorders 69.12–21 cytodiagnosis 10.29 in otitis externa 68.21 Berloque dermatitis and 58.32 in HIV infection 35.43 defi ned 40.13 in otomycosis 68.27 as photoallergens 26.23, 58.32 infl ammatory see periodontitis desmogleins 40.2 Penicillium marneffei 36.88–9 see also fragrance(s) perioral dermatitis 43.11–12 differential diagnosis 40.15, 40.16 penile acne 71.27 peri-auricular anomalies 68.4 acne vs 42.36 endemic 40.17–18 penile calcinosis 71.36 periadenitis mucosa necrotica recurrens Gianotti-type 43.12, 43.13 erythroderma and 23.48 penile carcinoma 71.40–3 see Sutton’s disease granulomatous, in children 43.12, 43.13 evolving into pemphigus vulgaris penile haematoma 71.14 perianal intraepithelial neoplasia, HPV perioral region 40.13 penile horn 71.37 and 33.54–5 allergic contact dermatitis 26.17 immunogenetics 40.4 penile intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) perianal oil granuloma 46.29 examination 69.3–5 immunopathology 40.4 71.38–9, 71.40 perianal/perineal area 71.83–100 periorbital oedema 67.5 apoptotic mechanisms in HPV and 33.54–5 benign tumours 71.83, 71.96 periorifi cial lentiginosis see Peutz–Jeghers keratinocytes 12.12 penile lymphoedema 71.28, 71.49–50 candidiasis 36.62 syndrome pathogenesis 40.13 penile melanosis 58.15, 71.49 cellulitis 30.32–3 periostin 14.6 pathology 40.15 penile necrosis 71.24–6 child sexual abuse and 28.37–8 periostitis prognosis 40.16, 40.18 penile oedema 28.39, 71.30, 71.49 congenital and developmental in congenital syphilis 34.16 race and 9.14 penile rupture 71.14 abnormalities 71.83–4 venous leg ulcers and 47.46 treatment 40.16, 40.18 penile thrombophlebitis 71.14 dermatitis 25.16 peripheral arterial disease see arterial rituximab 74.9 penile ulceration, in herpes simplex in dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa disease, peripheral pemphigus herpetiformis 40.15–16 33.16, 33.17 39.19, 39.21, 39.28–9 peripheral circulation 74.51–2 pemphigus neonatorum 17.42 penile warts 33.44, 33.45 general approaches 71.1–4, 71.82–3 systemic agents 74.51 pemphigus syphiliticus 34.16 penis hidradenitis suppurativa 30.80 peripheral ischaemic disorders 47.1–9 pemphigus vegetans 40.3–13 amoebiasis 37.28 infections 71.91–6 see also arterial disease, peripheral aetiology 40.4, 40.10 apocrine cystadenoma 18.94 infl ammatory dermatoses 71.84–91 peripheral nerve sheath tumour, clinical features 40.4 Bowen’s disease of 52.36 neonatal dermatitis 17.22 malignant 56.53 cytodiagnosis 10.29 fi bromatosis (plastic induration/fi brous Paget’s disease 53.40–1 peripheral nerves defi ned 40.10 sclerosis) 45.47–8, 56.11–12 premalignant dermatoses and frank injury 63.13–14 differential diagnosis 39.35, 40.11 granuloma inguinale 34.36 malignancies 71.90, 71.96–9 thickening 32.9, 32.11–12, 32.15 Hallopeau and Neumann types 40.10 lichen nitidus 41.22 pruritus see pruritus ani peripheral neuroectodermal tumours oral 69.67 lichen planus 41.7, 41.9 sexually transmitted diseases 71.83, 56.44–54 pemphigus vulgaris 40.3–13 median raphe cyst 18.94–5 71.93–5 peripheral neuropathy 63.11–13 aetiology 40.3–4 plastic surgery 71.50 structure and function 71.83 aetiology 63.11 in animals 2.15 pyoderma gangrenosum 50.70 syphilitic chancre 34.7 in chloracne 27.13 clinical features 40.4, 40.8–9 saxophone 30.70 trauma and artefact 71.84 dysproteinaemia and skin changes with cytodiagnosis 10.29 syphilis 34.7 see also entries beginning anogenital; 58.29 desmoglein antibodies 40.5–6 Penrose drain 65.42, 65.43 perineum glove and stocking 32.11, 63.11 desmogleins 40.2 pentachlorophenols 25.21 perianal warts 33.46 in HIV infection 63.12 differential diagnosis 40.11, 40.34, 40.40 pentaerythrotol tetranitrate 75.97 periappendicitis, gonococci causing 34.26 hyperhidrosis and 44.7 immunopathology and pentamidine isethionate 37.31, 37.39, 75.72 periarteritis nodosa see polyarteritis investigation 63.11–12 immunogenetics 40.4 Pentatomidae 38.25 nodosa in sarcoidosis 61.7 maternal antibodies 40.5 pentazocine 75.87–8 pericarditis, in sarcoidosis 61.7 silent 32.17 neonatal 17.18–19 lobular panniculitis with crystals after perichondritis, ear 68.7, 68.19–20 peripheral primitive neuroectodermal non-desmoglein antibodies 40.6 46.17, 46.18 pericytes 3.3, 3.51, 56.42 tumour 56.54 oral lesions 69.64–6 scleroderma and 27.17, 45.52 microscopy 10.35 peripheral sensory neuropathy 51.132 race and 9.14 pentazocine ulcers 28.45, 28.53 periderm 3.3 peripheral T-cell lymphoma 57.34–40 treatment, rituximab 74.9 pentoxifylline 14.24 peridigital dermatosis see juvenile plantar see also specifi c types penciclovir in dermatomyositis 51.129 dermatosis peripherin 3.9 action 74.49 in systemic sclerosis 51.108 perifollicular elastolysis (PFE), in acne Periplaneta 38.28 herpes simplex therapy 33.20, 33.21 in venous leg ulcers 47.49 42.33 periporitis, swimming-/diving-associated topical 73.15 pentraxins 13.4 perifolliculitis, in dermatophytosis 28.54–5 penetration enhancers 73.7–8 in vasculitis 50.7 36.22 periporitis staphylogenes 17.7, 17.43, penetration injury, foreign bodies 28.40, PEODDN (porokeratotic eccrine ostial perifolliculitis capitis abscedens et 30.32, 44.16 28.49–52 and dermal duct naevus) 18.11, suffodiens 30.29–230, 42.33, peritoneal dialysis, bacterial infection and d-penicillamine therapy 18.16–17 42.74, 66.47–8 30.7 adverse effects 75.102–4 PEP syndrome see POEMS syndrome features and treatment 42.74 periumbilical choristia 71.100 copper defi ciency 3.44 peppermint oil 26.17, 38.5 perihepatitis, acute 34.26 periungual fi bromas 15.22 dermatomyositis 51.121 peptidase D defi ciency 45.39–40, 47.54 perilipin 46.2 periungual warts 33.43, 33.48 elastosis perforans serpiginosa 45.65 peptidases 38.1 perineal syndrome 71.99 perivascular epithelioid cell tumour 56.60 gigantomastia 70.3 peptide histidine methionine 63.3 perineum perleche see cheilitis, angular gynaecomastia 70.5 peptidoglycan 30.8 bacterial fl ora 30.4 Perls’ Prussian blue reaction 10.9, 10.10 pemphigus 75.38 PeptoBismol 75.157 hidradenitis suppurativa and 30.80 permanent waving (perm) 66.98–9 pseudopseudoxanthoma elasticum per protocol analysis 7.11 watering-can 62.48–9 permeability constants 4.4 45.25 perchlorethylene, scleroderma-like lesions see also perianal/perineal area permeability of skin 4.4–5 scleroderma 45.52 and 51.80 perineurioma 56.49 ageing and 8.23 systemic sclerosis 51.108 perchloroethylene 25.20 periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining 10.8, permeability regulation, by tight junctions penicillin(s) 74.39–41 perennial allergic conjunctivitis (PAC) 10.9, 10.10, 36.7 3.24 adverse effects 75.48–9 67.15 foreign bodies 28.42 permethrin allergy 26.46, 34.23, 74.39 clinical features 67.13 periodic fever syndromes in clothing/body louse infection 38.22 anaphylaxis 75.5, 75.25, 75.48–9 perfl oxacin 32.17, 75.33 bone and joint involvement 62.104 cream 73.13 syphilis treatment and 34.22, 34.23 perforating collagenosis (folliculitis) hereditary 22.24–5 in Demodex infection in rosacea 43.3 urticaria 22.8, 22.10, 75.26 19.84, 19.88, 19.89, 30.27, 45.63, periodontal ligament 69.2 in head louse infection 38.19 amino 74.40 59.80, 68.14 periodontitis in scabies 38.41 in cellulitis/erysipelas 30.20 ear involvement 68.14 chronic 69.18 perniosis 28.65–6, 74.51–2 penicillinase-resistant 74.40 reactive 19.89, 45.63, 45.64–5, 69.129 in diabetes mellitus 69.18 ear 68.5, 68.10 penicillinase-sensitive 74.39 renal involvement 62.72 in Down’s syndrome 69.17, 69.18 lesions resembling 62.42 resistance, Staphylococcus aureus 74.40 perforating dermatosis 45.63–6 early-onset 69.17, 69.18 peroxidase–antiperoxidase complex skin testing for reactions to 75.170–2 acquired reactive 45.63–4 in Ehlers–Danlos syndrome 45.32, 10.15, 10.16 see also specifi c penicillins chemical-induced 45.64 45.36, 69.17, 69.18 peroxisome proliferator-activated penicillin G 74.39 perforating folliculitis see perforating keratoderma with 19.94, 19.110, 19.111 receptors see PPARs (peroxisome syphilis management 34.22, 34.23 collagenosis (folliculitis) in neutrophil dermatoses 69.15 proliferator-activated receptors)

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–24.34; Volume 2, pp. 25.1–44.22; Volume 3, pp. 45.1–62.113; Volume 4, pp. 63.1–80.14 Index 83

perphenazine, black galactorrhoea due to phakomatosis pigmentovascularis melasma-like hyperpigmentation drug-/chemical-induced 70.6 18.68–9 58.34 photosensitivity persistent acantholytic dermatosis pharmaceutical industry, occupational scleroderma 45.52 endogenous see porphyria, cutaneous 19.86–8 hazards 27.19 eccrine gland secretion 44.18 exogenous 29.20–2 persistent avasculopathy syndrome 49.17 pharmacists 72.7, 72.26 pheomelanin, formation 58.5, 58.6 investigations 29.23–4 persistent light reaction 26.24, 29.17, 29.21 self-help on skin disease and 6.14 pheromones 3.3, 44.2 management, sunscreen use 73.41 persistent pigment darkening (PPD) pharmacodynamics 72.27–30 insect 38.2 phototesting and provocation tests 58.31 pharmacoepidemiology 75.4 phialides 36.3, 36.4, 36.76 29.23 persistent superfi cial dermatitis 57.57 pharmacogenetics 11.16, 72.29–30, Phialophora 36.77 race and 9.19 persistent vitelline duct 71.100 76.10–11 Phialophora verrucosa 36.75, 36.76 UVA-induced 29.9 personal experience, value of as evidence pharmacokinetics 72.27 philtrum 69.2 see also photosensitivity 7.3, 7.4 pharmacovigilance 75.3, 75.4 phimosis 34.7, 34.11, 71.8, 71.20–2, 71.40 photodynamic change 78.4 personality disorders 64.36, 64.42 pharyngitis, herpes simplex 33.17 phlebactasia 47.24 photodynamic reactions, borderline type 64.41, 64.46 phenacetin 75.73 genuine diffuse 47.24 hyperpigmentation 58.32 perspiration 3.12 phenelzine 75.79 phlebectomy 47.39 photodynamic therapy 20.43, 78.15–16 active sweating 3.12 phenindione 75.105 phlebography 47.36 acne 42.67 insensible 3.12 pheniramine 26.46 ascending 47.36 actinic keratosis 52.32, 78.16 see also sweating phenobarbital, eccrine gland secretion descending 47.36 basal cell carcinoma 78.16 pertinax bodies 65.2 44.18 phlebolithiasis 18.71, 69.29 Bowen’s disease 52.34, 78.16 Peruvian lily 26.26, 26.76 phenol 75.166, 80.9 Phlebotomus 37.33, 37.35, 38.5 granuloma annulare 60.10 pes cavus with lymphoedema 48.10 as caustic 33.49, 77.47 phlyctenule 67.4 molluscum contagiosum 33.12 pesticides, scleroderma-like lesions 51.80 liquefi ed 77.47 PHM (peptide histidine methionine) 63.3 naevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome PET scanning 5.22 diluted 33.12 phobias 64.12, 64.24–5 52.8 petechiae 49.4, 62.90 wart treatment 33.49 phorbol esters 13.23 non-melanoma skin cancer 52.16 capillary pressure and Hess test 49.5 phenol esters 25.3 Phormia 38.8 in perioral dermatitis 43.12 causes 49.7 phenol formaldehyde resin 26.73–4 phosphate metabolism, in chronic renal photosensitivity due to 29.21 defi nition 5.7, 49.2 phenolic glycolipid 32.1 failure 46.16 pro-drugs 52.16 in fat embolism 49.38, 62.99 PGL-1 antibodies 32.7 phosphodiesterase, in atopic dermatitis psoriasis 20.43 in immunodefi ciency 17.53 phenolphthalein 75.158 24.15–16 rosacea 43.6 in infectious mononucleosis 33.30 hyperpigmentation due to 58.30 phospholipase(s) 31.34, 38.1, 38.14 sarcoidosis 61.21 oral cavity 69.21, 69.22 phenols phospholipase A2 8.21 warts 33.49 raised intravascular pressure causing as allergens 26.79 phospholipid(s) photoexacerbation, of skin diseases 29.22, 49.14 burns 25.11, 27.12 nail plate 65.3 29.22–3 size of lesions 49.4 depigmentation due to 27.15 stratum corneum 3.11, 4.2 photography petechial gloves and socks syndrome hair regrowth and 73.39 phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) acne 72.10 49.20 as irritants 25.19, 25.21 59.83 occupational hazards 27.20 petrolatum, comedogenicity 27.13 in pruritus 21.17 phosphonoformate (foscarnet), herpes psoriasis 72.9 Petrolatum USP 26.85, 73.2, 73.6 substituted simplex 33.21 photoimmunology 13.26–34, 26.10 petroleum 25.20, 27.13 depigmentation due to 58.50 phosphoric acid 25.19 photoleukomelanodermatitis 75.33 Peutz–Jeghers syndrome 54.3, 58.12–13, hypermelanosis treatment 58.39 phosphorus burns 27.12 photomechanical reactions 78.4–5 62.56–7 phenoplastics 26.73–4 phosphorus sesquisulphide 26.15 photons 29.1 genetics 58.12 phenothiazines 75.82 photo-onycholysis 29.6, 65.11, 65.16, 75.32 absorption spectra and, excitation 29.3 mucocutaneous pigmentation 58.12 adverse effects 70.5, 75.148 doxycycline causing 42.50 photopatch testing 29.24 oral involvement 58.12, 69.27, 69.28, allergy 26.46 photoactivation 26.23 photoperiod and hair growth 66.9 69.116 erythema multiforme 76.3, 76.4 photoageing 8.21–2, 8.22, 29.7, 45.26, 80.2 photopheresis 13.25 Peyer’s patches 13.9 galactorrhoea 70.6 prevention and reduction 80.3–4 extracorporeal (ECP) 57.67 Peyronie’s disease 45.47–8, 56.11–12, hypermelanosis 58.29 treatment photophobia 71.27 hyperpigmentation 69.97 retinoids 73.35, 73.36 in albinism 58.40 PFA closure time 49.6 photosensitivity 75.31 tazarotene 73.37 ichthyosis follicularis with alopecia and PFAPA syndrome 50.54 as photoallergens 26.24 photoallergens 29.19, 29.21, 75.32 (IFAP) 19.58–9, 19.60 Pfeiffer’s syndrome 15.91 phenothrin 38.19, 73.13 photoallergic reactions 26.23–5, 75.32 in oculocutaneous tyrosinaemia 19.112 PFR (phenol formaldehyde resin) 26.73–4 phenotypes, online databases 15.1 drug-induced 29.20–1 photoplethysmography (PPG) 47.36 PG (proteoglycan) see proteoglycan(s) phenotypic walking 11.12 photobiology 29.1–24 digital 47.36 PG (pyoderma gangrenosum) see phenoxymethyl penicillin 74.40 basic principles 29.1–4 photoproducts pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) in recurrent cellulitis and defi nition 29.1 carcinogenesis and 52.14 PG-M1 10.24 lymphoedema 48.24 emission spectra 29.1–2 DNA damage and repair 52.14 PGD see preimplantation genetic phenprocoumon 75.105 see also ultraviolet (UV) radiation photoprotection 58.38, 73.41, 80.3 diagnosis phenyl-benzimidazole sulphonic acid photobleaching 10.14–15 in actinic prurigo 29.14 PGH (preimplantation genetic 26.62 photocarcinogenesis 29.7 in chronic actinic dermatitis 29.18 haplotyping) 16.1, 16.8–9 phenylalanine, elevated levels see photochemotherapy 57.24 hydroa vacciniforme 29.15 PGL (phenolic glycolipid) 32.1 hyperphenylalaninaemia extracorporeal see extracorporeal in polymorphic light eruption 29.12 PGL-1 antibodies 32.7 syndromes photopheresis (ECP) in solar urticaria 29.19 PGP-9.5 21.2 phenylbutazone 49.46 see also photodynamic therapy; PUVA see also sunscreens; ultraviolet (UV) PHACE syndrome 18.47–8, 18.88 adverse effects 75.77 therapy radiation, exposure minimisation phacomas, retinal 15.23 erythema multiforme 26.46 photodamage photorecall reactions 75.32 Phaeoannellomyces werneckii 36.8, 36.14 erythroderma 23.47 collagen synthesis increase 3.39 photosensitivity phaeochromocytoma 44.7, 62.35–6, p-phenylenediamine see ecchymotic haemorrhage 49.4 in animals 2.23 62.43–4 paraphenylenediamine squamous cell carcinoma and 52.24, in atopic dermatitis 24.21 granulosis rubra nasi and 44.18 phenylephrine 26.46, 75.98 52.27 in carcinoid syndrome 43.18 hyperpigmentation in 58.25 phenylketonuria (PKU) 59.94–5 see also ultraviolet (UV) radiation causes 2.23 phaeohyphomycosis 36.77 eczema and 23.27 photodermatitis 28.92 clinical evaluation 29.23 phaeomelanins 3.20, 5.15, 66.90 hair colour in 66.94 plant-induced 29.21, 58.32, 75.162 differential diagnosis 26.29, 26.30, 29.23 in animals 2.5, 2.6 maternal 18.2 photodermatoses 29.9–23 drug-/chemical-induced 29.20–2, 58.56, phaeomelanosomes 66.90–1 phenylpyruvic oligophrenia see acquired, with autoimmune basis 75.30–2, 75.52 phagocytes 55.4 phenylketonuria (PKU) 29.9–20 acne medications 42.34 antigen-presentation capacity 55.4 phenytoin see also actinic prurigo (AP); chronic co-trimoxazole 57.53 dermal dendrocyte action 55.3 adverse effects 70.5, 75.84–6 actinic dermatitis (CAD); hydroa endogenous 29.21 receptors 55.4 acneiform eruptions due to vacciniforme (HV); polymorphic exogenous 29.20–1, 29.21, 29.23 phagocytosis 55.4 42.72 light eruption (PLE); solar in HIV infection 35.22 Demodex folliculorum in rosacea 43.2 anticonvulsant hypersensitivity urticaria (SU) eye and skin involvement 67.30 Langerhans’ cell role 3.17 syndrome 76.10 clinical evaluation 29.23 IBIDS/PIBIDS syndrome 19.47–9 Treponema pallidum 34.4 gingival swelling 69.21 dermatoses exacerbated by UVR 29.22, investigations 29.23–4 phagolysosomes 55.4 in HIV infection 35.20 29.22–3, 29.23 in lymphogranuloma venereum 30.70 phakomatosis pigmentokeratotica 18.27, hypermelanosis 58.29–30 differential diagnosis 29.23 persistent 29.21 18.30 hypertrichosis 66.79 DNA repair defects see under DNA see also photodermatoses 84 Index photosensitivity dermatitis 29.17 piercings 64.2 slate-grey 58.36 in atopic dermatitis 24.30, 73.32 photosensitization 29.7 ornamental 28.51–2 in incontinentia pigmenti (IP) 58.16 in eczema 23.38 photosensitizers 26.23–4, 78.15–16 piezogenic pedal papules 28.61 subungual 54.45 in Fox–Fordyce disease 44.22 drugs acting as 29.20, 29.21 pigment anomalies, human chimeras with variations 58.10 in granuloma annulare 60.10 see also photosensitivity, drug-/ 58.23 pigmented cosmetic dermatitis 58.35 in perioral dermatitis 43.12 chemical-induced pigment cells 2.5–7 pigmented fl exural lichen planus in seborrhoeic dermatitis 23.33, 35.16 plant, in animals 2.23 in animals 2.5–7 71.59–60 structure 73.32 photosensitizing agents, lichenoid evolution 2.1 pigmented iris hamartomas (Lisch systemic exposure 73.32 photoeruptions and 41.25 regulation in fi sh 2.5–6 nodules) 15.16, 15.17, 58.18, topical 73.32 photostimulation 78.4 ‘pigment type switching’ 2.6–7 58.23, 62.23 in rosacea 43.6 phototesting procedures 29.23 pigmental demarcation lines 58.1, 58.2 pigmented neuroectodermal tumour of pimozide 21.12, 64.52 phototherapy pigmentary incontinence infancy 56.52–3 in acne excoriée 42.70 atopic dermatitis 21.13, 24.31 in lichen planus 41.4 pigmented peribuccal pigmentation of adverse effects 64.16 Darier’s disease 19.85 see also incontinentia pigmenti (IP) Brocq 58.35–6 in delusional parasitosis 64.16 dermographism 22.14 pigmentation 58.1–59 pigmented purpuric dermatoses 49.22–6 PIN see penile intraepithelial neoplasia eczema 23.38 advantages of 58.8 chronic, infectious 49.23 pinch-pulling 28.25 eosinophilic folliculitis in HIV infection ageing and 8.23 differential diagnosis 50.54 pinch sign, positive 5.18 35.18 in anaemia 58.17, 58.27, 62.85 familial 49.25 pindolol 75.91 granuloma annulare 60.10 ashy colour 58.33 granulatomous 49.25 pine processionary caterpillar 38.28–9 hand eczema 23.22 blue 58.36 idiopathic 49.22, 49.23 pineapple 25.21 mastocytosis 22.36 naevi 54.25–7 lichenoid 49.22, 49.25 pinene 26.82 neonatal, complications 17.12–13 blue-black, minocycline causing 58.56 linear and quadrantic 49.25 Pink disease 69.83–4, 75.101–2 pityriasis rubra pilaris 19.79–80 blue-grey 58.55 morphological patterns and pathology Pinkus tumour 52.48 pruritus 21.18 drug-induced 58.29 49.22 as trichoblastoma variant 53.10 seborrhoeic dermatitis 23.33 bronze 58.53 progressive see Schamberg’s disease pinna UVB 29.1 in haemochromatosis 58.28 secondary 49.23–4 accessory 68.4 UVB narrow-band bronzing of skin 58.53 systemic causes 49.23–4 ageing changes 68.5–6 actinic prurigo 29.14–15 brown 58.7, 58.8 treatment 49.26 altitude injury 68.11 chronic actinic dermatitis 29.18 changes, causes 58.9 venous 49.23 anatomy and physiology 68.1, 68.2 polymorphic light eruption 29.12 chemicals causing 58.54, 58.56–7 pigmented purpuric lichenoid dermatosis angiosarcoma 68.34 vitiligo 58.48 in chronic radiodermatitis 79.16 of Gougerot and Blum 49.22, basal cell carcinoma 68.32, 79.9, photothermal ablation 78.13–15 constitutive 58.1, 58.7, 58.9–10 49.25 79.10 photothermolytic reactions 78.4–5 disadvantages of 58.9 pigments, animal 2.5 benign tumours 68.28–9 phototoxic reactions 25.17, 26.16, 26.23 disorders pigs calcifi cation 59.69, 62.5 drug-induced 5.15, 29.20, 29.21, 29.21, in animals 2.23 bullous pemphigoid 2.14–15 chondroma 68.28 75.31 classifi cation 58.9 fl ea infestations 2.10 conditions resembling benign tumours hyperpigmentation 58.32 eye and skin involvement 67.30 PIIINP 62.61 68.29 tests for 25.9 in HIV infection 35.12 PIK3CA gene, mutations 52.38 contusion and haematoma 68.6–7 topical, dyestuffs causing 29.20–1 localized areas 58.9 pilar cyst see trichilemmal cyst development 68.3 phototrichography 66.11 see also hyperpigmentation; pilar sheath acanthoma 53.3 developmental defects 68.3–5 phototypes, skin 29.6, 29.8 hypopigmentation; specifi c pilary canal 42.1 examination 68.3 chemical peels and 80.9, 80.10 disorders pili annulati 66.69–70, 66.91 fi broma 68.28 phragmoconidia 36.4 endogenous non-melanin 58.53–4 pili incarnati 30.22–3 granular cell tumour 68.28 phrynoderma 19.75–6, 19.84 evolutionary signifi cance 58.8–9, 73.40 pili multigemini (pili bifurcati) 66.73–4 haemangioma 68.28 phthalic anhydride 25.20 exogenous pigments 58.54–9 pili torti 66.62, 66.63–4, 66.65 hypertrichosis 68.1, 68.2, 68.5 Phthiraptera see lice eyelids 67.5 developmental delay and 15.50 see also ear(s), hairy phthiriasis 67.27 facial, grey-brown 58.35 onychodysplasia and 15.50 infection 68.19–20 phthiriasis palpebrarum 38.22, 38.23 facultative/inducible 58.1 pili trianguli et canaliculi 66.71–2 laceration and avulsion 68.7 Phthiriasis pubis see lice, pubic (crabs) in fi xed drug eruption 75.28 pilocarpine 3.12, 26.46 lymphangioma 68.28 phycomycosis genetic causes of variations 58.9–10 pilodental dysplasia with refractive errors malignant melanoma 68.33–4 vulval 71.69 idiopathic lenticular 69.28 15.50 melanocytic naevi 68.28 see also zygomycosis of lesions 5.15–17, 5.18 piloerection 28.53 myoma 68.28 phylloerythrins 2.23 in lichen planus 41.7 pilomatricarcinoma 53.14 neurofi broma 68.28 phymas 43.9–10 loss see depigmentation pilomatricoma (pilomatrixoma) 53.12–13 osseo-integrated implants 68.16 Physalia 38.55, 38.56, 38.57 measurement 72.11 pinna 68.28 osteoma 68.28 physical exercise, pressure ulcer risk and melanocytes see melanocyte(s) superfi cial 53.13 piercing 68.7–9 28.21 melanocytes and keratinocyte interface pilonidal cysts 71.87 complications 26.17, 61.23, 68.7–8 Physician’s Global Assessment 72.9 58.2 pilonidal sinus pilomatricoma 68.28 physiological livedo reticularis 28.68 minocycline-induced changes 42.50–1 anogenital 28.49–50 premalignant epithelial neoplasms phytanic acid 19.45–6 mottled, in epidermolysis bullosa male genital dermatology 71.26–7 68.30 phytohaemagglutinin A 13.23 simplex 39.4, 39.8 perianal/perineal dermatology 71.87, radiation injury 68.11 phytomenadione 45.52 nails 9.3 71.88 restoration following loss 68.16 phytophotodermatitis 29.21, 58.32, 75.162 non-melanin 58.53–4 umbilical dermatology 71.101 schwannoma 68.28 pian see yaws normal 5.15, 58.1–2 pilosebaceous duct seborrhoeic keratosis 68.28 pian bois 37.34, 37.35, 37.39–41 oestrogen effect 58.7 cornifi ed plug, acne aetiology 42.24, solar damage 68.10–11 PIBIDS syndrome 19.47–9 oral cavity 9.3, 69.21–2, 69.26–9, 69.95– 42.25 solar keratosis 68.30 PIC3CA gene 18.6 100, 75.47 junction with epithelium, basal cell squamous cell carcinoma 68.30–2 pica 62.85 paraneoplastic 62.33, 62.34 carcinoma 52.21 squamous cell papilloma 68.28 picaridin 38.5 patchy, in chloracne 27.13 pilosebaceous follicle, infl ammation, trauma 68.6–14 picatura de pito 37.34, 37.35, 37.39–41 post-infl ammatory 9.4 epidermoid cyst 52.45 trichoepithelioma 68.28 Picea 26.81 post-phototoxic 29.21 pilosebaceous naevoid disorders 42.78 trichofolliculoma 68.28 picking of skin, pathological 64.19, in pregnancy 8.10 pilosebaceous unit 3.1, 3.13–14, 53.1 variations in shape 68.4–5 64.27–9 race and 9.1, 58.1, 58.10 in acne 42.17 Winer’s pore 68.28 PICO 7.2 regulation 58.1, 58.7–8 androgen effects on 42.21 see also ear(s) picornaviruses 33.2, 33.71–4 endocrine factors 58.7 classes 3.13 pinprick sensation in leprosy 5.18 picric acid, pigmentation due to 58.56–7 paracrine/autocrine factors 58.7–8 development 3.13 pinta 30.63–4 piebaldism 58.42–3, 66.93 UV radiation response 58.7 hamartoma 53.7–8 late, hyperpigmentation after 58.31 in Waardenburg’s syndrome 58.43 in response to sun exposure 58.8, hyperkeratosis 53.2 pintids 30.63 piedra 58.10 microenvironment, acne pathogenesis Pinus 26.79, 26.81 black 36.5, 36.15–16 reticulate 42.25 pinworms 37.13–14 fungal culture 36.7, 36.8 dermatopathia pigmentosa reticularis outfl ow obstruction 42.24, 42.25 perianal/perineal infection 71.92 white 30.3, 36.5, 36.16–17 58.20 pimecrolimus 20.42, 51.23, 51.118, 73.31, piperazine 75.71, 75.149 fungal culture 36.7, 36.8 Naegeli’s syndrome 58.19 73.32, 74.17 piperidine 75.149 Piedraia hortae 36.8, 36.15 post-infl ammatory 58.31 adverse effects 26.46, 75.146–7 piroxicam 75.75–6 female genital infection 71.69 slate-brown, drug-induced 58.30 in allergic contact dermatitis 26.102 Pit-1 49.47

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–24.34; Volume 2, pp. 25.1–44.22; Volume 3, pp. 45.1–62.113; Volume 4, pp. 63.1–80.14 Index 85

pitch placental hormones 8.9 autoantibodies 49.9, 49.11 pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis 51.100 acnegenicity 27.13, 27.14 plague 30.54–5 consumption, haemangioma 49.12 Pneumocystic carinii (jiroveci) 17.50, 17.52, carcinogenicity 27.16, 73.42 bubonic 30.55, 38.11 count 17.58, 36.92 pits pneumonic 30.55 decreased see thrombocytopenia ear polyps due to 68.28 ear 18.83–4, 68.4 plagues of Egypt 38.27 elevated 49.29 pneumonia, in AIDS/HIV infection lip see under lip(s) plakins 3.22, 40.4 see also thrombocytosis 35.4–5, 35.21, 35.35 preauricular 68.4 antibodies 40.23 in heparin-induced pneumonia pitted keratolysis 30.39–40, 44.8 in paraneoplastic pemphigus 40.23 thrombocytopenia 49.27 encapsulating 17.74 pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating plakoglobin 3.23, 40.1–2 in Hermansky–Pudlak syndrome giant-cell, in measles 33.75 peptide (PACAP) 12.63–4, 63.3 plakophilin 40.2 58.41 Mycoplasma 30.69 pituitary dysfunction defi ciency 39.2, 39.4 in idiopathic thrombocytopenic Pneumocystic carinii (jiroveci), in AIDS/ Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis (LCH) gene mutations 39.5–6 purpura 49.9 HIV infection 35.4–5, 35.21, 55.12 plakophilin-1 3.22 normal 49.5 35.35 see also hyperpituitarism; defi ciency, epidermolysis bullosa purpura investigation 49.5 in psittacosis 30.72 hypopituitarism simplex 39.4, 39.5–6 destruction, drug-/toxin-induced 49.11 respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) 33.76 pituitary hormones Planck’s constant 29.1 dysfunction pneumothorax, neonatal 17.14 in pregnancy 8.9 plant alkaloids, photosensitivity in drug-induced 49.4 Pneumovirus 33.75 sebaceous gland activity and 42.11–12 animals and 2.23 renal disease and 49.18 PNH (paroxysmal nocturnal pituitary–adrenal axis plant growers, occupational hazards 27.19 simple macular haemorrhage 49.4 haemoglobinuria) 13.4, 49.30–1 suppression, steroid therapy 73.20, 74.4 plantar dermatitis, mechanical injury see also platelet disorders podoconiosis 48.13 tests of 74.3 28.14 function abnormalities 49.8, 49.12–14 race and 9.8 pityriasiform scale 5.7 plantar keratodermas see palmoplantar drug-induced 49.12–13 podophyllin pityriasis alba 23.27–8, 58.10 keratoderma (PPK) due to skin diseases 49.13 adverse effects 33.49, 75.166 hypopigmentation in 58.52 plants inherited 49.8 burns 27.11 pityriasis rosea vs 33.81 allergic contact dermatitis and 26.10, purpura due to 49.12–14 contraindications 33.49 vitiligo vs 58.48 26.15–16, 26.74–9 hyper-activity 49.14 pregnancy 8.11 pityriasis amiantacea 20.14, 20.16, 66.57 irritant contact dermatitis and 25.17–18, in immune defence and infl ammatory mechanism of action 33.49, 73.25 pityriasis capitis 66.56–7 25.21 processes 12.33 wart treatment 33.49, 73.25 pityriasis circinata, pityriasis rosea vs 33.81 mites on 38.48 immune destruction 49.9 podophyllotoxin 73.25 pityriasis circinata et marginata 33.80 patch testing 26.77–8 membrane glycoproteins mechanism of action 33.49 pityriasis folliculorum 38.53 plaque(s) autoantibodies 49.9 wart treatment 33.49, 73.25 pityriasis lichenoides 50.50–1, 57.54–7 atheromatous 47.1 inhibitors 49.11, 49.13 podophyllum 73.25 in liver disease 62.64 atherosclerotic 49.36 neutralization procedure 49.40 Podophyllum emodi 75.160 pityriasis rosea vs 33.81 defi nition 5.7 plug formation 49.8 podoplanin 10.24, 48.4, 48.5 vasculitis and 50.3 differential diagnosis 32.15 plugging 49.26 skin biopsy, in lymphoedema 48.19 pityriasis lichenoides chronica 50.50 in incontinentia pigmenti (IP) 58.16 microvascular occlusion due to podopompholyx 23.16 race and 9.5–6 vernal 67.14 49.27–31, 49.41 POEM (Patient-Orientated Eczema pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis plaque-like cutaneous mucinosis 59.25 shape, microspicules 12.32 Measure) 72.9, 72.10, 72.14 acuta 50.50–1, 69.85 plasma cell(s) 13.7, 13.10 ‘sticky,’ in deep-vein thrombosis 47.28 POEMS syndrome 45.54, 51.80, 58.29, pityriasis nigra 36.8, 36.14–15 infi ltration, in syphilis 34.5 in wound healing 14.1, 14.2–3 62.13, 62.44, 62.45, 62.94 pityriasis rosea 33.78–81 microscopy 10.34 platelet-activating factor (PAF) 12.59, bone and joint involvement 62.101 aetiology 33.78–9 plasma cell vulvitis (PCV) 71.61 13.4, 75.174 cutaneous abnormalities 33.34 breast 70.17 plasma exchange see plasmapheresis platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) fl ushing in 43.16 clinical features 33.79–80 plasma proteins 12.31 glomeruloid haemangioma 56.24 diagnosis 33.80–1 abnormalities, purpura and 49.19 in giant cell arteritis 50.43 Pogonomyrmex 38.14 differential diagnosis 23.32, 33.80–1 mutations, amyloidosis and 59.57 in mucous membrane pemphigoid Pogosta disease 33.66 drug-induced 33.79, 33.80 plasma skin rejuvenation 80.13 pathogenesis 67.20 POHL gene 15.72 drug-induced reactions resembling plasma viscosity 13.19 wound healing and 14.3, 14.27 poikiloderma 33.80, 75.24 plasmacytoid predendritic cells, type 1 platelet disorders 62.90–2 acquired 45.13 HHV-6 association 33.79, 33.81 interferon-producing 3.19 purpura due to 49.7–12, 49.8 defi nition 5.7, 45.13–14 HHV-7 association 33.33, 33.79, 33.81 plasmacytolymphoma 31.21 elevated counts 49.8 hereditary acrokeratotic of Weary 45.13 HHV-8 association 33.79 plasmacytoma, oral 69.114 functional abnormalities 49.8 hereditary sclerosing of Weary 45.13 pathology 33.79 plasmacytosis, idiopathic 69.19–20 see also thrombocytopenia; in megaloblastic anaemia 62.85 race and 9.6 plasmapheresis 13.25 thrombocytosis poikiloderma congenitale 15.51, 15.80–2, second attacks/eruptions 33.79 in cryoglobulinaemic vasculitis 50.25 platelet factor 4 (PF4) 49.11 45.13, 45.61, 62.27 secondary syphilis vs 34.11 in dermatomyositis 51.129 antibodies 49.27 bone and joint involvement 62.100 treatment 33.81 in hereditary angio-oedema 22.22 platelet function analysers (PFA) 49.6 greying of hair 66.92 pityriasis rotunda 9.10, 19.65, 62.32 in necrobiotic xanthogranuloma 55.28 platelet-specifi c integrins, glycoprotein poikiloderma of Civatte 45.13, 58.35, pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP) 19.76–81, in pemphigus 40.12 11b–111a (GP11b–111a) 12.32 80.10, 80.11 19.84 in SLE 51.62 platelet–endothelial cell adhesion poikiloderma with neutropenia 15.50 erythroderma and 23.48 in solar urticaria 29.20 molecule-1 see CD31 poikilodermatous epidermolysis bullosa hands 23.20 in systemic sclerosis 51.108 platelet–neutrophil interaction 12.32 51.79 nail involvement 65.25 in urticaria 22.29–30 platinum 26.40 poikilodermatous parapsoriasis 57.58 TNF antagonists as treatment 74.7 plasmids 11.4, 11.9–10 PLC see pityriasis lichenoides chronica poikilodermatous syndromes, genetics pityriasis versicolor 36.10–13 plasmin, in wound healing 14.4 PLE see polymorphic light eruption (PLE) 15.78–83 in adolescence 8.7 plasminogen, in wound healing 14.4 PLEC1 gene mutations, in epidermolysis point estimate 7.9 aetiology 36.10–11 plasminogen activation inhibitor-1 (PAI- bullosa simplex 39.4 poison bun sponge 38.59 clinical features 36.11 1) 46.7 plectin 3.30, 3.31, 39.4 poison ivy defi nition 36.10 plasminogen activator gene mutations 3.31 allergy to 26.16, 26.17, 26.75 differential diagnosis 23.32, 36.11 activity 12.50, 40.6 monoclonal antibodies to 39.25 erythema multiforme-like reactions and ear involvement 68.20 receptors 12.50 pleomorphism 10.41 26.25, 76.5 histology and pathogenesis 36.11 urokinase, blocking acantholysis 40.14 plethysmography 47.36, 47.47 poison oak 26.75 hypopigmentation in 58.52 Plasmodium 37.1, 37.27 pleuromutilins 73.10 poison sumac 26.75 laboratory diagnosis 36.7, 36.12 plastic surgery PLEVA (pityriasis lichenoides et pokeweed mitogens 13.23 race and 9.6 in body dysmorphic disorder 64.19 varioliformis acuta) 50.50–1, Poland syndrome 70.2, 70.3 treatment 36.12 to penis 71.50 69.85 poldine methylsulphate 44.11, 73.9 vitiligo vs 58.48 plastics, as allergens 26.69–74 plexiform fi brohistiocytic tumour 56.20 polidocanol 47.39, 75.156 Pityrosporum see Malassezia plastics industry, occupational hazards plica polonica 38.19 poliomyelitis virus 33.71 pizotifen, in erythromelalgia 47.10 27.20 PLLA (poly-l-lactic acid) 80.5, 80.6 poliosis 66.93 pizzicato paronychia 28.25 platelet(s) 12.32–4, 49.7–8 ‘plucked chicken’ skin 62.85 poliovirus 33.1 PKU see phenylketonuria (PKU) adherence and activation 49.8 plumbers, occupational hazards 27.20 Polistes 38.14 placenta, melanoma metastases 54.57 aggregation 49.8 plumber’s itch see larva migrans, pollen allergy placental alkaline phosphatase 55.9 abnormal 49.45 cutaneous atopic dermatitis and 24.10 Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis cells 55.8, in arterial disease and atherosclerosis Plummer–Vinson syndrome 62.48 oral allergy syndrome and 22.20 55.9 47.1–2 PMD 38.5 urticaria and 22.9 86 Index pollinosis see pollen allergy diagnosis 29.12, 29.23 of Mibelli 19.91, 66.51 posaconazole 36.68, 36.83, 36.86, 74.47 Pollitt syndrome 15.51, 15.55 differential diagnosis 29.10, 29.12, 51.7 disseminated superfi cial ‘actinic’ positron emission tomography 5.22 pollution, atopic dermatitis and 24.5 hereditary/familial 29.13 porokeratosis vs 52.36 post-herpetic neuralgia 33.24, 33.26, 63.6– poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA) 80.5, 80.6 investigations 29.10, 29.12 pathology 52.36 8, 67.26 polyA tail 11.3 pathology 29.11 perianal/perineal dermatology 71.97 elderly people 8.28 polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) 5.10, 50.33–5 persistent, variant 29.14 punctate 18.17 management 33.28, 73.49 aetiology and pathogenesis 50.7, 50.33 race and 9.19 scaling in 5.7, 5.12–13 prevention 63.6–7 breast involvement 70.11 small papular 29.12 skin biopsy 10.42 post-infl ammatory elastolysis and cutis clinical features 50.33–4 treatment 29.10, 29.12 superfi cial actinic laxa (PECL) 45.19–20 Crohn’s disease and 62.49 treatment-induced fl ares 29.12 disseminated 52.35–6 post-infl ammatory hyperpigmentation cutaneous 50.37–9 polymorphic reticulosis treatment 73.23 58.29, 58.30–1 defi nition 50.33 oral involvement 69.58 poroma, eccrine 53.22, 53.23–4 anogenital 71.2–3 diagnosis 50.34 respiratory tract involvement 62.83 intradermal 53.22–3 post-infl ammatory hypopigmentation differential diagnosis 50.14, 50.32 polymorphism malignant 48.14, 53.32–3 58.51–2 hepatitis B virus infection and 33.60–1, defi nition 10.41 porphyria 59.1–20 anogenital 71.2–3 50.33, 50.34, 50.35, 62.59 fungi 36.4, 36.56 acute attacks 59.7–9, 59.19–21 post-ionizing radiation keratosis 52.37 hepatitis C virus infection and 50.33, genetic, functional impact 15.6 clinical features 59.3–8 post-marketing surveillance studies 7.4 62.59 single nucleotide, in analysis of treatment 59.8 post-phlebitic syndrome see post- histopathology 50.33, 50.34 inherited disorders 15.7 aetiology 59.7 thrombotic syndrome (PTS) leg ulcer association 47.55 polymorphonuclear granulocytes laboratory testing 59.8–10 post-phlebitis subcutaneous calcinosis male genital dermatology 71.29 12.20–4 congenital erythropoietic see congenital 47.46 microscopic see microscopic see also basophil(s); eosinophil(s); erythropoietic porphyria (CEP) post-radiation vascular proliferation, polyangiitis (polyarteritis) neutrophil(s) cutaneous disease atypical 48.31 ocular involvement 67.25 polymyalgia rheumatica, giant cell with acute attacks 59.19–21 post-steroid panniculitis 46.16 oral involvement 69.81, 69.117 arteritis and 50.43, 50.44 bullous porphyria 59.5–6 post-thrombotic limb 47.33 respiratory tract involvement 62.83 polymyositis congenital erythropoietic porphyria post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) 47.23, treatment 50.35 paraneoplastic 62.36 59.10–12 47.26, 47.35, 47.40–1 in viral infections 33.77 in pregnancy 8.12 see also congenital erythropoietic deep-vein thrombosis and 47.29, 47.40 polyarthralgia/polyarthritis in sarcoidosis 61.7 porphyria (CEP) venous ulceration 47.42 in multicentric reticulohistiocytosis polymyxin B, topical therapy 73.10 erythropoietic protoporphyria see post-transplant lymphoproliferative 55.23 polymyxin E (colistin) 74.43 erythropoietic protoporphyria disease (PTLD) 57.51 in parvovirus B19 infection 33.63 polymyxins 26.46 (EPP) EBV association 33.31 in Ross River virus infection 33.66 polyomaviruses 33.37, 53.42 hepatoerythropoietic protoporphyria postaxial polydactyly 18.92 in sarcoidosis 61.6–7 polyostotic fi brous dysplasia 47.55, 66.52, 59.13–15 posterior lid margin disease (PLMD) in SLE 51.42 68.28 hereditary coproporphyria 59.19 67.12 polybrominated biphenyls 27.13 in McCune–Albright syndrome 58.18 major biochemical fi ndings 59.9 posthitis 71.8–9 polychlorinated biphenyls 27.12–13 polypharmacy 72.28 pathogenesis 59.3–6 postmenopausal syndrome 21.13 congenital poisoning 18.2 polyposis porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) see postnatal growth 8.1 polychlorinated dibenzofurans 27.12–13 genetics 15.25–6 porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) postural exercises, lymphoedema polychondritis, relapsing, panniculitis MYH-associated 53.12 variegate porphyria 59.19–20, 62.46, management 48.23 with 46.32 polyposis, skin pigmentation, alopecia 66.79 postvaccinial encephalitis, cowpox 33.7 polycyclic hydrocarbons 27.16 and fi ngernail changes without acute attacks 59.10–18 potassium, in sweat 44.5 polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) 66.80, (Cronkhite–Canada syndrome) diagnosis, spectrofl uorimetry 59.9 potassium arsenite 52.4 66.81–2 15.50, 58.13–14, 62.57–8 drug-induced 75.32, 75.37 potassium hydroxide 25.20, 27.12 acne association 42.20, 42.21–2, 42.73 polyps erythropoietic 69.117 in molluscum contagiosum 33.12 investigation and assessment 66.86 adnexal polyp of neonatal skin 70.8 haem enzyme defi ciencies 59.5 potassium iodide 74.48 management 66.86 fi broepitheliomatous see skin tags hepatoerythropoietic 66.79 in granuloma annulare 60.10 polycythaemia rubra vera (PRV) 62.86 gastrointestinal 62.56–8 hypertrichosis in 66.79 in sporotrichosis 36.72 disseminated pustular dermatosis 50.89 oral 69.20 long-term management 59.8 potassium p-aminobenzoate, in lichen pruritus in 21.10, 62.86 in Peutz–Jeghers syndrome 58.12–13 ocular involvement 67.25 sclerosus 51.118 polycythaemia vera 49.29 see also Peutz–Jeghers syndrome uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase potassium permanganate 73.15 polydactyly 18.92 umbilical 18.93–4, 71.100 (UROD) in 59.5 in allergic contact dermatitis 26.101 polyenes 74.46 polythelia (supernumerary nipple) 18.92– see also specifi c types in eczema 23.37–8 topical 73.12 3, 70.2–3 porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) 59.12–15, in fl exural candidiasis 36.68 polyethylene glycols (PEGs) 27.12 polythene gloves 73.4 62.64 as irritant 25.21 cetylethers (cetomacrogols) 73.7 corticosteroid therapy and 73.20 alcohol and 45.52 in tinea pedis 36.49 in topical therapy 73.7 polyvinyl chloride 45.51–2, 62.47 differential diagnosis 26.29 treatment of burns 25.23 polyfi bromatosis syndrome 45.45 disease 51.80 drug-induced 75.32, 75.37 Potter’s syndrome 18.1 polyhydric alcohols 73.2 polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) 28.44 ear 68.17–18 Potts, Sir Percival 52.4 polylactic acid 46.43 foreign-body reaction to 61.22 fi brin cuff-theory and 47.27 povidine, panniculitis due to 46.28 polymastia 70.2–3 pomade 27.13, 27.14, 42.73, 66.99 haemochromatosis and 62.61 povidone–iodine 30.7, 75.165 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 10.11, pomade acne 42.31, 42.73–4 hair colour in 66.95 in impetigo 30.16 11.6 pompholyx 23.16–19, 26.32 hepatitis C virus infection and 33.61–2, in wound cleansing 14.21 in analysis of inherited disorders 15.7 defi nition 23.1 62.59–60 powders 73.2 in fungal infection diagnosis 36.9 differential diagnosis 26.29 in HIV infection 35.20 inorganic and organic types 73.8 in granuloma inguinale diagnosis 34.37 occupational 27.4, 27.5 hypertrichosis in 66.79 topical therapy 73.8 in HSV detection 33.19 in palmoplantar hyperhidrosis 44.8 paraneoplastic 62.46 power 7.22 in lymphogranuloma venereum prevalence 23.3 pigmentation changes 58.26 poxvirus offi cinalis (vaccinia virus) 33.6 diagnosis 34.33 Pontiac fever 30.67 in pregnancy 8.12 poxviruses 33.2, 33.5–14 in normal skin fl ora analysis 30.2 pool palms 28.14 sarcoidosis and 61.18 genera 33.5 real-time 11.6 popliteal pterygium syndrome 15.94, porphyria variegata 59.19–20, 62.46, 66.79 spread 33.5 reverse transcription 11.6 18.91 porphyrinaemia, transient neonatal 17.13 see also specifi c poxviruses in syphilis diagnosis 34.19 popliteal vessel occlusion 47.5 porphyrins, phototoxicity 59.2 PPARs (peroxisome proliferator-activated in tuberculosis diagnosis 31.26 population studies 6.2 Porphyromonas 30.60 receptors) 12.10, 12.28 in viral infection diagnosis 33.4 PORCN gene 15.84 port-wine stain 18.63–5 ligands (endogenous) 42.4 in VZV detection 33.27 pore-forming proteins 13.2 clinical features 18.63–4 PPAR-γ 12.60, 46.3 polymorphic eruption of pregnancy porfi mer sodium, photosensitivity due to eyelids 67.34 mutations in partial face-sparing (PUPPP) 8.13, 8.14, 21.14 29.21 in Klippel–Trenaunay syndrome 47.23 lipodystrophy 46.41 polymorphic light eruption (PLE) 29.9– Porifera (sponges) 38.59 pathology and pathogenesis 18.63 in sebaceous gland development 3.5 13, 44.16 porocarcinoma 53.32–3 race and 9.19 sebaceous glands 42.4 actinic prurigo association 29.14 porokeratosis 15.91, 19.90–2 spinal dysraphism and 63.15 subtypes, in sebaceous glands 42.4 in adolescence 8.7 Crohn’s disease and 62.49 in Sturge–Weber syndrome 18.65–7 PPD (p-phenylenediamine) see aetiology 29.11 in HIV infection 35.39 treatment 18.64–5, 78.6–7 paraphenylenediamine clinical features 29.10, 29.11–12 linear 18.25–6 Portuguese man-of-war (Physalia) 38.55, PPD (purifi ed protein derivative) 31.6 defi nition 29.9, 29.11 male genital dermatology 71.37 38.56, 38.57 PPP see palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP)

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–24.34; Volume 2, pp. 25.1–44.22; Volume 3, pp. 45.1–62.113; Volume 4, pp. 63.1–80.14 Index 87

practolol 75.91 generalized pustular psoriasis of prelymph 48.5 pigmentation changes 58.28 Prader–Willi syndrome 46.5, 58.42 pregnancy 20.50–1 prelymphomatous eruption 23.8 sarcoidosis and 61.18 hypopigmentation in 58.42 gigantomastia in 70.3 premalignant dermatoses primary care 6.14–15 periodontitis in 69.17, 69.18 gingivitis in 8.11, 69.20–1 male genital dermatology 71.37–9 primary cutaneous lymphomas see under pramipexole 63.25 gonorrhoea management 34.28 perianal/perineal dermatology 71.96–9 lymphoma(s) pravastatin 75.156–7, 75.157 haemolytic–uraemic syndrome and premalignant epithelial lesions 52.2, primary idiopathic hypertrophic prayer nodules 9.13–14, 9.15, 28.11 49.31 52.29–38 pulmonary osteoarthropathy see prayer sign 45.62 hair in 8.10, 66.9, 66.27 cancer risk 52.29 pachydermoperiostosis praziquantel hirsutism in 66.82 HPV infection and 52.6 primary irritant napkin dermatitis see in cysticercosis 37.25 hormonal changes 8.9–10 infl ammatory reaction in 52.29 dermatitis, napkin in paragonimiasis 37.23 HPV infection and 8.11 risk factors and aetiology 52.29 primates in schistosomiasis 37.22 infections and immunity 8.11 see also actinic keratosis; Bowen’s alopecia in 2.19 prazosin, in systemic sclerosis 51.108 infl ammatory dermatoses specifi c to disease fl ea infestations 2.10 pRb protein, inactivation by E7 protein of 8.13–15 premalignant fi broepithelial tumour (of primin 26.18, 26.76, 26.77 HPV 33.39 Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis and 8.12 Pinkus) 52.48 Primula 26.1 pre-adipocyte 46.1, 46.3 Lassa fever in 33.69 as trichoblastoma variant 53.10 erythema multiforme-like reactions and preaxial polydactyly 18.92 leprosy and 8.11 prematurity, ichthyosis prematurity 26.25, 76.5 prebiotic supplements, in atopic local anaesthesia in 77.10 syndrome 19.18–19 sensitization by, hair regrowth and dermatitis 24.31, 24.34 Lyme disease in 30.65 premelanosomes 66.93 73.39 precocious puberty, in McCune–Albright Marfan’s syndrome and 45.31 premenstrual fl ushing 8.8 Primula obconica syndrome 58.18 mask of see melasma premenstrual syndrome 8.8–9, 42.34 allergenicity 26.10, 26.16, 26.17, 26.76 predendritic cells, type 1 interferon- maternal drug exposure 72.28 prenatal diagnosis 16.1–11 depigmentation and 26.26, 26.27 producing plasmacytoid 3.19 melanoma 8.12, 54.56–7 DNA-based 16.1–3, 16.4 eyelid oedema due to 26.17 predictive value 6.19 metabolic disorders in 8.11, 8.12 epidermolysis bullosa (EB) 39.27, 39.31 lichen planus-like eruption due to PrediSkinTM 25.9 mosquito bites during 38.2 ethical aspects 16.10–11 26.26 prednisolone mycosis fungoides and 8.12 fetal ultrasound 16.7 secondary involvement patterns 26.21 in acne fulminans 42.84 nails in 8.10 fetoscopy and fetal skin biopsy 16.5–7 printers in acne vulgaris 42.53, 42.66 neurofi bromata and 8.12 non-invasive 16.9–10 occupational hazards 27.20 in atopic eye disease 67.16 papular dermatitis of 8.15 preimplantation 16.7–9 risk of occupational dermatoses 27.2 breastfeeding and 40.45 partial lipoatrophy and 46.39 prescribing pro-drugs, photodynamic therapy 52.16 in bullous pemphigoid 40.35 parvovirus B19 infection and 33.63 electronic 72.26 pro-haptens 26.11 in cicatrizing conjunctivitis 67.23 patch testing in 26.85 errors 72.26 pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) 12.65, 58.7 in dermatomyositis 51.129 pemphigoid gestationis 40.41–5 topical therapy 73.1–5 UVR-induced production 29.5, 29.7 in discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) pemphigus 40.9 presenting complaint, history-taking probability 51.20 pigmentation in 8.10, 58.25 5.4–5 post-test 7.14 interactions 72.29 pityriasis rosea in 33.80 preseptal cellulitis 67.4 pre-test 7.13 in Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis (LCH) polymyositis and 8.12 preservatives of skin disease 6.11 55.13 porphyria cutanea tarda and 8.12 as allergens 26.49–58 probenecid, adverse effects in HIV in polymorphic light eruption 29.12 prevention, isotretinoin use 42.59, food 75.159 infection 35.20 prednisone vs 74.2 42.59–60 as irritants 25.20 probiotic supplements, in atopic pulsed steroid therapy 74.3 prurigo of pregnancy 8.14–15, 23.45 in topical therapy 73.8 dermatitis 24.31, 24.34 in pyoderma faciale 43.14 pruritic urticated papules and plaques pressure procainamide 75.90 in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) of pregnancy 8.13, 8.14, 21.14 in palpation 5.17 procaine 77.10 51.61, 51.62 pruritus gravidarum 8.13 sensitivity, in obesity 8.17 procaine penicillin, syphilis management see also corticosteroids pruritus in 21.14–15 pressure erythema 47.33 34.22, 34.23 prednisone, prednisolone vs 74.2 pseudoxanthoma elasticum and 8.12, pressure ulcers 14.13–15, 28.16–23, 47.57 procarbazine 75.126 pregabalin, in zoster and post-herpetic 45.23 in amputees 28.27–8 procoagulant tendency 49.38 neuralgia 33.28 psoriasis and 8.12 classifi cation 28.18–19 procollagen 80.2 pregangrene 47.2 pyoderma faciale in 43.14 clinical features 28.18–19 type III (PIIINP) 20.33, 20.35 pregnancy 8.9–16 restless legs syndrome in 47.12 complications 28.19–20 proctitis, gonococcal 34.25, 34.26 acrodermatitis enteropathica and 8.12 rubella in 33.71 epidemiology 28.16–17 proctocolitis, ulcerative, in AIDS and 8.13 sarcoidosis and 61.8 following spinal cord injury 63.17 lymphogranuloma venereum alcohol use in see fetal alcohol scabicide use 38.42 management 28.22–3 34.33 syndrome scleroderma and 8.12 pathogenesis and pathophysiology profi laggrin 3.10 allergen avoidance in 24.34 sebaceous gland activity 42.12 28.17 in epidermis 4.2 allergic contact dermatitis and 26.8 sexually transmitted diseases and pathology 28.18 profi lins 22.20 atopic dermatitis and 8.12, 24.19 outcomes 34.1 perianal/perineal 71.84 progeria 8.21, 45.58–9, 51.79, 66.59 autoimmune disorders and 8.11, 8.12 skin changes 8.10–11 prevention 28.20–2 bone and joint involvement 62.100 autoimmune progesterone dermatitis in skin tags 8.13 risk factors 14.14, 28.17–18, 28.20, 28.21 greying of hair 66.92–3 8.15, 8.19, 75.119 SLE and 8.12 sites 14.13–14 progesterone breast changes 70.1 spider telangiectases in 8.10, 47.14, treatment 73.10 autoimmune progesterone dermatitis condylomata acuminata and 8.11 47.15 pretibial myxoedema 8.17, 48.13, 62.8–9 8.9, 75.119 connective tissue disorders and 8.11, Stevens–Johnson syndrome and 8.12 pretibial pruritic papular dermatitis, in breast development 70.1 8.12 striae distensae (striae gravidarum) mechanical injury 28.15 menstrual cycle 8.8 dermatomyositis and 8.12 8.13 prevalence 6.18 pigmentation changes associated with dermatoses associated with 8.13 syphilis and 34.11 defi nition 26.2 58.25 dermatoses modifi ed by 8.11–12 syphilis management in 34.22–3 period 6.18 in pregnancy 8.9 drug therapy in 18.2, 72.28 thalidomide and 51.21 point 6.18 receptors 42.11 antihistamines 22.29 thrombocytopenia in 49.12 skin disease 6.11 sebaceous gland activity 42.11 co-trimoxazole 74.39 thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura see also specifi c diseases topical corticosteroids 74.3 and 49.31 prevalence studies of skin disease 6.6–8 in acne 42.16 erythromycin 42.51 toxic erythema (toxaemic rash; PUPPP) examined skin disease 6.6–8 in prevention of ageing 80.4 methotrexate contraindications 74.21 8.13, 8.14, 21.14 self-reported disease 6.6 progesterone-induced dermatitis, retinoids 74.38, 75.113 trace element excess/defi ciency 18.2 prevention of skin diseases 6.3 tamoxifen therapy 74.33 thalidomide 51.21 tumours and 8.11, 8.12 see also specifi c diseases progestins, in oral contraceptives, acne eccrine, apocrine and sebaceous gland urticaria and 22.11 prevention paradox 6.3, 6.4 treatment 42.53 activity 8.10 vascular changes 8.10–11 Prevotella 30.60 proglottids 37.24 Ehlers–Danlos syndrome and 8.12, warts and 8.11 priapism 71.51 prognosis, communication to patient 45.34 pregnenolone 8.9 prick test see under skin testing 72.4–5 eosinophilic granuloma and 8.12 prehospital management, burns 28.75–6 prickly heat 17.7–8, 44.15–16 programmed cell death see apoptosis epulis 8.11, 69.20–1 preimplantation genetic diagnosis 16.1, primary acquired melanosis (PAM) progressive macular hypomelanosis erythema multiforme in 8.12 16.7–9 54.40–1 9.16 erythema nodosum and 50.83 epidermolysis bullosa (EB) 39.31 primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) 62.62 progressive multifocal erythrokeratoderma variabilis and 8.12 preimplantation genetic haplotyping lichen planus and 41.16 leukoencephalopathy 50.47 Fox–Fordyce disease and 8.10 16.1, 16.8–9 oral involvement 69.115 progressive osseous heteroplasia 45.68 88 Index

progressive symmetrical prostacyclin (PGI2) 12.60, 13.4 structure and synthesis 3.45–6, 3.48 in clothing/body louse infection 38.22 erythrokeratoderma (PSEK) formation, platelet aggregation see also glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in cold-induced injury 28.65 19.70–1 inhibition 49.8 synthesis in fi broblasts 3.49 degree of 5.4 prolactin in systemic sclerosis 51.108 in wound healing 14.1, 14.3, 14.7 in diabetes mellitus 21.11 in breast development 70.1 prostacyclin analogues, in Raynaud’s proteoglycan binding, cytokines 12.31 in eating disorders 21.16 hair growth and 66.9 phenomenon 51.108 proteomics 11.8 in elderly people 8.27, 21.12, 21.17 hirsutism and 66.83 prostaglandin(s) 12.60–2, 13.4 Proteus epidemiology 21.1–2 in hyperpituitarism 62.2 in irritant contact dermatitis 25.5 in external auditory meatus 30.4 female genital dermatology 71.52 in hypopituitarism 62.3 pruritus and 21.3, 21.5 genitocrural infection 71.5 genetics 15.18 in pregnancy/after birth 8.10 in wound healing 14.3, 14.24 in paronychia 65.21 genitocrural dermatology 71.7 prolapse, urethral 71.73 prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), urticaria and wound infection 14.16 haemodialysis and 21.7–8, 62.72 prolidase defi ciency 45.39–40, 47.54 22.4 Proteus mirabilis 42.56 in head louse infection 38.19 proline therapy, in prolidase defi ciency prostaglandin D2 receptor 1 (DP1) 73.51 Proteus syndrome 18.27, 18.78–9, 48.11, in hepatitis C virus infection 62.60 45.40 prostaglandin E 21.5 62.26 in HIV infection 21.14, 35.11–12 prolyl hydroxylation reaction, collagen prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), rest pain and aetiology 18.78 in Hodgkin’s disease 21.11, 62.89 synthesis 3.37 gangrene therapy 47.6 bone and joint involvement 62.100 hydroxyethyl starch 21.15, 28.44 promethazine 26.44, 74.31 prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) 21.5 clinical features 18.78 in hyperparathyroidism 62.12 prominent auricular (Darwin’s) tubercle pigmentation regulation 58.7 defi nition 18.78 in hyperthyroidism 21.11 68.4 prostate cancer diagnosis 18.78–9 in hypothyroidism 21.11 prominent sebaceous glands 71.11 androgenetic alopecia and 66.19 differential diagnosis 18.77 in intravenous drug abuse 28.53 promonocytes 5.1 fl ushing in 43.15 encephalocraniocutaneous lipomatosis investigation 21.16 promontory sign 56.35 lymphoedema in 48.8 as variant 46.46 in iron defi ciency 21.10 Pronematus davisi 38.48 prostatitis, gonococci causing 34.26 pathology 18.78 in lichen planus 41.9, 41.17 propane sultone 27.11 prosthetic implants treatment 18.79 in lichen simplex 23.40 n-propanol, as antiseptic 73.14 metallic 26.37 prothrombin 49.38 liver disease and 62.62, 62.63 propantheline 44.12 osseo-integrated 68.16 G20210A mutation 49.44 male genital dermatology 71.16, 71.34, proparacaine 26.46 urticaria and 22.11 proto-oncogenes 11.17, 52.12 71.51 properdin 51.6 prosthetic limbs 25.16 proton pump inhibitors 75.157 malignant disease and 21.11 Propionibacterium 30.3, 30.35, 30.40, 30.59 Protaceae 26.81 protoporphyria, erythropoietic see management 21.16–18 erythromycin-resistant 73.10 protamine 75.107 erythropoietic protoporphyria in mastocytosis 21.10, 22.32, 22.35 growth inhibition by azelaic acid protease(s) 12.49–51, 38.1 (EPP) measurement 21.2, 21.16 73.28 in atopic dermatitis 24.18 Prototheca infection, swimming-/diving- in mycosis fungoides 21.10 in normal skin fl ora 30.2, 30.3, 30.4 pruritus and 21.3, 21.4–5, 24.18 associated 28.54 neurogenic 21.1, 21.7 subgroups 42.24 protease-activated receptors (PARs) 12.50 protothecosis 36.92 neuropathic 21.1 Propionibacterium acnes 30.3, 30.40, 42.7 in atopic dermatitis 24.18 protozoa 36.1, 37.2 in nodular prurigo 23.43 acne aetiology and 42.24–6 PAR-1, -3 and -4 12.33, 12.49, 12.66 protozoal infections 37.2, 37.27–44 non-infl amed skin 21.5–7 as initiating factor 42.26 protease inhibitors 12.50, 35.7, 74.50 female genitalia 71.69 in notalgia paraesthetica 21.15 topical drugs affecting 42.40 adverse effects 35.21, 35.22, 75.68–9 in HIV infection 35.35–6 in onchocerciasis 37.5 in acne fulminans 42.83 in HIV-associated lipodystrophy 46.42 ocular involvement 67.27 opioids and 21.3, 21.4, 21.8, 21.9, 24.18 in acne necrotica varioliformis 30.26, in HIV infection 35.6, 35.7 oral involvement 69.81 paraneoplastic 62.33–5 30.27 mechanical and thermal injury 28.2 urticaria and 22.2, 22.10 pathophysiology 21.2 antibiotic resistance 42.41–2, 42.43, protectin 14.4 see also specifi c infections in pemphigoid nodularis 21.15 42.47, 42.55–6 protein A 30.8 provocation tests 5.25 perianal/perineal 71.85 causes and MIC levels 42.56 protein C 49.38 Prox-1 10.24, 48.2, 48.4, 48.5, 48.19 peripheral mediators in skin disease mutations 42.56 activated see activated protein C (APC) prozone phenomenon 34.19 21.3–5 prevalence 42.56 activation, dysfunction, in purpura PRP see pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP) in polycythaemia rubra vera 21.10, specifi c antibiotics 42.56 49.20, 49.39 prurigo 21.1, 23.42–6 62.86 strategies to prevent 42.42 calciphylaxis (calcifi c uraemic actinic see actinic prurigo (AP) in polymorphic light eruption (PLE) in axilla 30.4 arteriolopathy) 47.8 actinic (Hutchinson’s summer) 23.45 29.11 biological signifi cance 42.27 concentrates 49.39, 49.40 chronic of adults (subacute) 23.44 postmenopausal 21.13 free fatty acid production 30.4, 30.5 defi ciency 17.33, 47.28, 49.38, 49.44, defi nition 23.42 in pregnancy 21.14–15 genome 42.24 62.91 dermographic 23.45 as presenting complaint 5.4 lipase action on sebaceous triglycerides acquired severe 49.39–40 early onset of pregnancy 8.14–15 in primary biliary cirrhosis 62.62 42.6 homozygous 49.39 late-onset of pregnancy (PUPPP) 8.13, proteases and 21.3, 21.4–5, 24.18 in normal skin fl ora 30.4 disease associated with 49.39–40 8.14 pruritoceptive 21.1, 21.7 number, acne pathogenesis and 42.24, resistance 17.33 nodular (Hyde’s) 23.42–4 psychogenic 21.1, 21.12–13, 64.23–4 42.25 severe acquired dysfunction 49.39 of pregnancy 8.14–15, 23.45 in renal failure 62.72 oxygen tension and 42.25 protein contact dermatitis 26.105–6, 27.5 scratch see dermographism in scabies 38.38 progressive macular hypomelanosis protein kinase C inhibitor, in psoriasis prurigo annularis 8.15 scalp 38.19 and 9.16 20.42 prurigo diathesique see atopic dermatitis of senescence 21.12, 21.17 in pyoderma faciale 43.14 protein p59 73.17 prurigo gestationis of Besnier 8.14–15 in Sézary syndrome 21.10, 21.11 reduced counts, isotretinoin effect protein S 49.38 prurigo nodularis (of Hyde) 21.1, 21.2, solar 21.16 42.58 acquired severe dysfunction 49.40 64.27 stigma of 64.2 in SAPHO syndrome 42.85 calciphylaxis (calcifi c uraemic differential diagnosis 29.14 swimming-/diving-associated 28.55 sarcoidosis and 61.2 arteriolopathy) 47.8 prurigo pigmentosa 23.44–5, 58.31 pruritus ani 21.12, 21.15, 37.14, 64.27, skin colonization, immunomodulatory defi ciency 17.33, 47.28, 49.39, 49.44, pruritic papular eruption, in HIV 71.83, 71.85–7, 71.92 role 42.6 62.91, 62.91 infection 35.19, 35.45 allergic contact dermatitis and 26.18, skin fl ora 30.4 disease associated with 49.39–40 pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of 26.44 substances released by 42.25 protein synthesis 11.3 pregnancy (PUPPP) 8.13, 8.14, pruritus gravidarum 8.13 topical therapy 73.10 protein therapeutics 74.4–13 21.14 pruritus vulvae 21.12, 21.13, 21.15 Wood’s light examination 5.19 protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor pruritus 21.1–18 PRV see polycythaemia rubra vera (PRV) Propionibacterium avidum 30.3, 30.4, 30.40 type D (PTPRD) locus 52.12 in acne vulgaris 42.32 Psalydolytta 38.26 Propionibacterium granulosum 30.3, 30.40 proteinase 3 13.4, 50.39 in animals 2.9, 2.10, 2.13 Pseudeurotium ovalis 36.55 propolis 26.82–3, 75.160 proteinase-activated receptor(s) 63.2–3 anogenital 71.1–2 pseudo-ainhum 45.69–70 propranolol 75.91 pruritus and 21.3, 21.4, 21.5 aquagenic 21.10, 21.11–12, 62.86 pseudo-autosomal regions 15.4 fl ushing management 43.15 proteinase-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) assessment 72.10–11 pseudo-Cushing’s syndrome 62.4 lichenoid tissue reaction due to 41.25 3.20, 12.25 in atopic dermatitis 8.7, 21.13–14, pseudo-Darier sign 18.35 proptosis, in sarcoidosis 61.7 proteoglycan(s) 3.2, 3.34, 3.45–9 24.17–18 pseudo-elephantiasis 34.36–7 propylene carbonate 25.19 ageing and 80.1 atopic eye disease 67.15 pseudo-Kaposi’s sarcoma 47.22, 49.17–18 propylene glycol 25.19, 25.20, 73.7 cell-surface 3.46 brachioradial 21.15–16, 62.34, 63.23–4 pseudoacne, nasal crease 18.90 as preservative in topical therapy 73.8 core proteins 3.46 central itch 21.3 pseudoallergic reactions 22.8, 22.10 in scabies 73.14 deposition, changes in 3.49 in cholestasis 21.9–10 pseudochancre redux 34.7 propylene glycol diacetate 25.19 functions 3.46–7 chronic 21.1 pseudochromhidrosis 44.21 17α-propyltestosterone 42.16 molecular characteristics and in chronic renal failure 21.7–9 pseudocowpox (milker’s nodule) Prosimulium 38.5 distribution 3.48 classifi cation 21.1 33.10–11

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–24.34; Volume 2, pp. 25.1–44.22; Volume 3, pp. 45.1–62.113; Volume 4, pp. 63.1–80.14 Index 89

pseudocyst pseudorhagades 69.39 differential diagnosis 20.19, 26.29 skin-directed therapies 20.21–8 ear/endochondral 24.25, 68.13–14 pseudosarcoma 56.20–2, 68.34, 79.18 in dogs 2.14 calcipotriol 73.45 myxoid/mucoid see cyst(s), myxoid pseudoscars 45.6 drug-induced/exacerbated 75.24 calcitriol 73.45 pseudoephedrine 75.99 brown 45.6, 45.7 ear 68.14, 68.23 coal tar and UV 73.42 pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia discoid 45.6 in elderly people 8.28 corticosteroids 47.45, 52.25, 52.44–5 stellate 45.6, 45.7 epidemiological aspects 20.1–2 intralesional 20.25 incontinentia pigmenti vs 58.15 pseudoscleroderma 48.22, 51.79, 51.120 environmental risk factors 20.3–4 topical 20.25 pseudoepitheliomatous micaceous and pseudosyndactyly psychogenic factors 20.4 dithranol 73.29 keratotic balanitis (PEMKB) in dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa sunlight 20.3 lasers 20.43, 78.8 71.37–8 39.18 erythroderma and 23.47 occlusive dressings alone 20.28 pseudofolliculitis 30.22–3 in generalized non-Herlitz junctional erythrodermic, calcipotriol treatment penetration enhancers 73.7 pseudofolliculitis barbae 9.9, 28.50, 78.12 epidermolysis bullosa 39.13 73.45 photodynamic therapy 20.43 acne vs 42.37 pseudothalidomide syndrome 18.70, eyelids 67.5 pimecrolimus 73.32 pseudoglucagonoma syndrome 62.64 66.61 female genital dermatology 71.52, psoralen photochemotherapy see pseudogynaecomastia 70.4 pseudotumours, in Ehlers–Danlos 71.58–9, 71.68 under PUVA therapy pseudohermaphroditism 66.14, 66.16 syndrome 45.32, 45.33 fl exural (inverse) 8.28 retinoic acid 73.36 pseudohyphae 36.2 pseudovaginal perineoscrotal following streptococcal infection 30.12 tacalcitol 73.44–5 pseudohypoaldosteronism 17.8, 44.15 hypospadias 66.14 friction and 27.6, 28.15 tacrolimus 73.32 pseudohypoparathyroidism 62.12 pseudoverrucous lesions 62.54 generalized pustular see generalized tar 20.21–2 pseudologica fantastica 64.35, 64.44 pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) 45.21–4 pustular psoriasis (GPP) tazarotene 73.37 pseudolymphoma 69.58 aetiology 45.21 genetics 15.1, 15.2, 15.6, 15.11, 20.3–4 topical calcineurin inhibitors 20.25, B-cell/T-cell 57.53–4 bone and joint involvement 62.100 replicated genetic loci 20.3–4 20.42 induced by arthropod bites 38.3 defi nition 45.21 genitocrural dermatology 71.5 topical mechlorethamine 73.24 pseudolymphomatous drug diagnosis 45.23 guttate, pityriasis rosea vs 33.81 topical methotrexate 73.23 hypersensitivity syndrome differential diagnosis 45.16 hands 23.20, 25.15, 25.16 UV phototherapy 20.28–33 75.27, 75.44 disorders resembling 62.85 palms 20.15 vitamin D analogues 73.43 pseudomelanoma 54.19 iron defi ciency anaemia in 62.85 histopathology 20.9 wood tars 73.42 pseudomembranous colitis 42.47, 42.51 pathology 45.21–3 Auspitz’s sign 20.11 sweat retention in 44.13 Pseudomonas perforating 45.24–5 in HIV infection 35.17–18 systemic therapies 20.33–41 anogenital ulcers 71.4 pregnancy and 8.12, 45.23 HPV association 33.47 ABT-874 74.10 in botryomycosis 30.67 purpura due to 49.14 hypopigmentation after 58.51 acitretin 20.37, 74.35 burn wound infection 28.86 treatment 45.23 Koebner phenomenon/response 5.12, adalimumab 20.41, 74.5 genital infection, in females 71.70 psittacosis 30.71–2, 62.80, 62.107 28.2–3, 28.48 alefacept 20.41, 74.6, 74.8–9 in HIV infection 35.24 PSOR6 gene 2.14 localization to tattoos 58.58 anti-IL12/23 74.10 perianal/perineal infection 71.93 Psoralea corylifolia 75.162 male genital dermatology 71.18 azidothymidine 20.42 swimming-/diving-associated psoralen(s) 29.21 metabolic syndrome association 6.13 biological 72.14 infections 28.55 adverse effects naevoid 18.24 biological therapies directed against umbilical infection 71.101 hypertrichosis 66.79 nails 20.15–16, 36.35, 65.10, 65.13, cytokines 20.41–2, 74.10 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 30.48–50 ocular 67.32 65.23–7, 65.23–7, 65.28 certolizumab 74.5 amikacin therapy 74.42 photosensitivity 75.31 acitretin therapy 74.35 ciclosporin 20.38–9, 74.16 in cellulitis 30.18 photochemotherapy see PUVA therapy calcipotriol therapy 73.45 Dead Sea Clinic 20.29 ear piercing-associated infection 28.51, photomutagenic 29.21 napkin 17.24, 17.31–2 dialysis and related therapies 20.44 68.7 topically applied, adverse effects 58.48 ocular involvement 67.5 etanercept 20.41, 74.5 ecthyma gangrenosum 49.35 vitiligo treatment 58.48 onycholysis in 65.10 etretinate 20.37 ectodermal dysplasias 15.60 ‘psoriasiform dermatitis of the pawpads’ oral involvement 69.94 fumaric acid 20.40, 74.29 in erysipelas 30.18 2.14 Paget’s disease of nipple vs 53.39 gluten-free diet 20.43 female genital infection 71.67 psoriasiform-lichenoid dermatosis, in pathogenesis 20.2–9 golimumab 74.5 genitocrural infection 71.5, 71.7 dogs 2.14 pathogenetic mechanisms 20.5–9 hydroxycarbamide 20.36, 74.18 in HIV infection 35.24–5 psoriasis 20.1–60 immunology and infl ammation 20.7 infl iximab 20.41, 74.5 nail infection 30.49, 65.10, 65.11, 65.21, acute pustular 8.12, 76.19 Koebner phenomenon 20.8 liarozole 20.42 65.22 in adolescence 8.7, 8.8 perianal/perineal involvement 71.84 methotrexate 20.33–5, 74.18–19 neonatal infection 17.45–6 aetiology 20.2–9 peristomal 62.54 mycophenolate mofetil 20.42, 74.24–5 in normal skin fl ora 30.3, 68.2 nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) pityriasis rubra differentiated 19.77 retinoic acid metabolism blockers in otitis externa 30.49, 68.21, 68.22, 12.10 plaque, chronic, topical corticosteroid 20.42–3, 74.37 68.25 peroxisome proliferator-activated use 73.19 somatostatin 20.42 perianal/perineal infection 71.92 receptors (PPARs) 12.10 pregnancy and 8.12 sulfasalazine 20.42 in perichondritis 68.19 alcohol abuse and 64.47 psoriasis area severity index (PASI) T-cell inhibitors 74.6 septicaemia 30.49, 30.50 in amputees 28.29 score 7.11–12, 20.41 ustekinumab 74.10 swimming-/diving-associated infection amyloidoses and 20.19 psoriatic arthritis see psoriatic arthritis vitamin A analogues 20.27–8 28.54–5 animal models 2.8 psychological factors 64.4, 64.9 see also retinoids topical antibiotic therapy 73.10 biomarkers 20.19 pustular 20.44–54, 50.62, 62.12 vitamin D analogues 20.26 venous leg ulcer infection 47.44 breast 70.17 acrodermatitis continua 20.46–8 treatment wound infection 14.16, 30.49, 30.50 career choice and 8.8 acute 8.12, 76.19 concordance with 72.5, 72.6, 72.7 Pseudomonas cepacia 30.48 in children 17.31–2, 20.13, 20.16 acute generalized exanthematous risk–benefi t analysis 72.3 Pseudomonas fl uorescens, mupirocin from infantile and juvenile pustular psoriasis 20.52 skin-directed see psoriasis, skin- 73.10 psoriasis 20.51 acute generalized pustular psoriasis directed therapies Pseudomonas folliculitis, swimming-/ clinical features 20.9–19, 73.44 (von Zumbusch) 20.49–50 systemic see psoriasis, systemic diving-associated infection atypical forms 20.16–19 circinate, annular and linear pustular therapies 28.54–5 common chronic stable plaque 20.10 psoriasis 20.52 umbilical involvement 71.101 Pseudomonas pseudomallei 30.50–1 complications 20.18 generalized see generalized pustular Zumbusch-type 20.49, 20.51 Pseudomonas pyocyanea see Pseudomonas disease associations 20.17–18 psoriasis (GPP) Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) aeruginosa modifi cation by site 20.14–16 infantile and juvenile pustular 7.11–12, 20.41, 72.9, 72.14 pseudomonilethrix 66.65 onset 20.1, 20.9–10 psoriasis 20.51 Psoriasis Disability Index (PDI) 72.19–20 Pseudonaja 38.60 seborrhoeic dermatitis 20.17 palmoplantar pustulosis 20.44–6 Psoriasis Family Impact questionnaire pseudonits 38.19 clinical variants 20.11–14 subcorneal pustular dermatosis of 72.24 pseudopelade 66.39 bullous pemphigoid and 40.35 Sneddon and Wilkinson 20.52–4 psoriasis susceptibility loci (PSORS) 12.14 lichen planus 41.14 erythrodermic 20.12–13, 20.16 quality of life assessment 64.10, 72.14, psoriasis vulgaris 20.10 pseudopelade of Brocq 66.38, 66.45–6 guttate 20.11 72.19–20, 72.24 treatment, tacrolimus 73.32 pseudopemphigoid 67.20 pityriasis amiantacea 20.14, 20.16 race and 9.14 psoriatic arthritis 20.54–9 pseudophotodermatitis 26.75 rupioid, elephantine and ostraceous remissions 20.20 aetiology and pathogenesis. 20.54 pseudoporphyria 29.7 psoriasis 20.12 Salford Psoriasis Index 20.21 clinical features 20.54–5 drug-induced 29.21, 75.32, 75.37–8 unstable phases 20.12 sarcoidosis and 61.18 differential diagnosis 20.58 pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism 62.12 coeliac disease and 62.55 scalp 23.32 histopathology 20.58 pseudopseudoxanthoma elasticum 45.25 course and prognosis 20.20 seborrhoeic dermatitis and 23.32 lymphoedema in 48.13 pseudopyogenic reaction 46.13 Crohn’s disease and 62.49 severity assessment 72.9, 72.14 MMPs and 12.53 90 Index

Moll and Wright classifi cation 20.54–5 Pthirus pubis see lice, pubic (crabs) defi nition 49.1, 49.2 in skin diseases 49.17 nail involvement 20.57 ptosis 67.5 diagnosis 49.4–5 solar 49.17 pathogenetic mechanisms. 20.55 in Horner’s syndrome 63.22 distribution/body sites 49.4–5 sport injury 28.31, 28.54 prognosis 20.59 PTPN11 gene 15.15, 15.20–1 drug-induced 75.23 suction injury 28.24 radiological changes 20.58 PTSAgs (pyrogenic toxin superantigens) non-thrombocytopenic 49.21 thrombotic thrombocytopenic (TTP) treatment 20.58–60 30.31 thrombocytopenic 49.11 49.12, 49.31, 69.114 disease-modifying antirheumatic pubarche 8.5 dysproteinaemic 49.19–20 toxin-induced 49.11, 49.21 drugs (DMARDs) 20.59 puberty 8.2, 8.4–8 ear 68.18 trauma association 49.14, 49.16 methotrexate 20.59 age for 8.4 in endocrine disorders 49.18 ulcerative colitis and 62.51 surgery and infection 20.59–60 nutrition affecting 42.34 exercise-induced 49.18, 50.23 in urticaria 22.25 psoriatic nail dystrophy, acitretin therapy delayed 8.6 Favre-Chaix’s 49.22 vulval, chronic 71.61–2 74.35 dermatoses of 8.6–8 generalizations about 49.7 Waldenström’s macroglobulinaemia psoriatic onycho-pachydermo-periostitis gynaecomastia in boys 70.4 genetic tests 49.6–7 49.13, 49.19 65.25, 65.26 hair growth 8.4, 66.13 genital/’bathing trunk’ 49.20 in Wegener’s granulomatosis 50.40 PSORIQoL 72.20 hormonal events and cutaneous gravitational 49.17–18 see also ecchymoses/bruising Psoroptes 38.46 changes 8.4–5 in Henoch–Schönlein purpura 50.20 purpura annularis telangiectodes Psoroptes cuniculi 2.11 initiation, hormonal changes 8.4 histological testing 49.5 (Majocchi’s disease) 49.22, 49.25 Psoroptes ovis 2.10 leptin ‘gate’ for 8.4 idiopathic thrombocytopenic see purpura en cocarde avec oedeme 17.33–4, Psoroptidae 38.46 miniature 17.5, 17.6 idiopathic thrombocytopenic 49.18–19, 50.30 psychiatric disorders 64.46, 64.54 partial/incomplete 8.5 purpura (ITP) purpura fulminans 49.51 classifi cation 64.11–12 precocious 8.5 immune thrombocytopenic see in children 49.51 oral manifestations 69.115 classifi cation 8.5 idiopathic thrombocytopenic neonatal 17.33, 17.46, 49.39, 49.51 psychiatric liaison 64.3–4, 64.15 in McCune–Albright syndrome 58.18 purpura (ITP) causes 49.51 psychiatric treatments 64.49–54 sebum composition changes 42.5 infection-associated 49.20–1 post-infectious 49.39–40, 49.40 alternative therapies 64.54 skin changes during 8.6, 8.7 infl ammatory 49.2, 49.3, 49.4, 49.7, sepsis-related 49.39–40 drug therapy 64.50–2 pubic hair 49.16 purpura progressiva pigmentosa see see also psychotherapies genitocrural dermatology 71.8 drug-/toxin-induced 49.21 pigmented purpuric dermatoses psychocutaneous disorders patterns and distribution 71.10, 71.11 infections causing 49.20 purpura pulicosa 49.17 body awareness 64.17–22 pubic lice see under lice see also Henoch–Schönlein purpura purpura rheumatoide see Henoch– dermatological beliefs 64.12–17 public health, skin disease problem 6.4–8 infl ammatory retiform 49.3, 49.32 Schönlein purpura factitious 64.34–45 publication bias 7.7, 7.8 investigations 49.5–7 purpura simplex 49.15–16, 49.22 group/mass reactions 64.25–6 PubMed Clinical Queries 7.6 indications/factors suggesting 49.4 purpura telangiectatica arciformis 49.25 harmful habits 64.26–34 puerperium 8.9–16 laboratory tests 49.5–7 pustular dermatitis atrophicans, legs 30.22 organic diseases associated with 64.13, Pulex irritans 2.10, 38.11 itching (eczematide-like) 49.22, 49.24–5 pustular dermatosis 40.19–22 64.17 Pulicidae 38.11 lower legs 49.7, 49.17 pustule(s) 10.41 phobias 64.24–5 pulmonary fi brosis, psoriasis and 20.18 in malignant disease 62.14–15 defi nition 5.7 pruritus 64.23–4 pulmonary stenosis, genetics 15.20 in malnutrition 49.18 drug-induced 50.62, 75.34 psychodermatology 64.2–4 pulmonary symptoms, genetics 15.23, multifactorial, systemic diseases 49.18 Kogoj’s spongiform 10.41 Psychodidae (sandfl ies) 37.33, 37.39, 38.2, 15.24 nail fold capillaries 49.6 malignant 30.41 38.5, 38.7 pulsed-dye laser (PDL) therapy see under neonatal see neonatal purpura in pyoderma faciale 43.13–14 Psychodopygus 37.33 laser therapy non-infl ammatory 49.3–4, 49.26 subcorneal 10.41 psychological factors pulseless disease 50.44–5 non-infl ammatory retiform 49.3–4 in viral infections 33.4, 33.7 congenital naevi 54.14 pulses, peripheral ischaemic disease 47.2 non-palpable 49.4–7 pustulosis in diagnosis 5.5 punch biopsy, panniculitis 46.11 non-thrombocytopenic acitretin therapy 74.35 psychological importance of skin 64.1–2 punctate keratoderma 19.95, 19.112–13 systemic diseases causing 49.18 acute generalized exanthematous see psychological methods, wart treatment punkies 38.6 toxin-/drug-induced 49.21 acute generalized exanthematous 33.50 pupils vascular causes 49.3, 49.14–21 pustulosis psychoneuroimmunology 64.3, 64.8–9 Argyll Robertson 33.26, 63.15 occlusion/ischaemia causing 49.3 neonatal cephalic 42.75 psychosocial factors, acne and 42.35 in Ross’s syndrome 44.14 see also microvascular occlusion neutrophilic 50.89 psychosocial questionnaires, acne impact PUPPP (pruritic urticarial papules and oral cavity 69.21–2, 69.99–9100 PUVA lentigo 54.2, 54.4–5, 58.33 42.35 plaques of pregnancy) 8.13, 8.14, in ovarian disorders 49.18 PUVA therapy 20.29–31 Psychosomatic Scale for Atopic 21.14 palpable 49.2, 49.4, 49.32, 62.91 acne induction 42.34 Dermatitis (PSS-AD) 72.20 puretic syndrome 45.49–50, 69.15 pathogenic mechanisms 49.2–4 actinic prurigo 29.15 psychosomatics 64.3, 64.4–5 purifi ed protein derivative 31.6 pathophysiology 49.4–5 adverse effects psychotherapies 64.8, 64.52–4 purine nucleoside phosphorylase perifollicular 49.15 acne 27.13 body dysmorphic disorder 64.20 defi ciency 17.60 periorbital 49.4, 49.15 lentigines 54.2, 54.4–5, 58.33 cognitive behavioural therapy 64.53 purpura 49.1–51, 62.90 physical and artefactual causes 49.16 ocular 67.32 dynamic 64.53–4 abnormal blood vessels causing pigmented dermatoses see pigmented seborrhoeic dermatitis 23.30 psychocutaneous disorder 64.28 49.14–15 purpuric dermatoses alopecia areata 66.37 self-mutilation 64.46 acral 49.4, 49.32 platelet defects causing 49.7–12, 49.8 atopic dermatitis 24.31 therapeutic relationship 64.52–3 actinic (Bateman’s/senile) 49.15 functional abnormalities 49.8, carcinogenic hazard 20.31 psychotropic agents 75.78 aetiology 49.2–4, 49.3 49.12–14 chronic actinic dermatitis 29.18 PTBPFR (p-tertiary butylphenol see also specifi c causes thrombocytopenia see clinical indications 20.30–1 formaldehyde resin) 26.68, 26.69, ageing association 49.15 thrombocytopenia cohort study (US) 6.6 26.73–4 allergic contact dermatitis and 26.26 thrombocytosis 49.8, 49.14 combined therapy 20.30 PTCH1 gene mutation, in naevoid basal in amyloidosis 49.15, 49.18 post-infectious cockade 17.33–4, 49.18– dermographism 22.14 cell carcinoma syndrome 52.19, anaphylactoid see Henoch–Schönlein 19, 50.30 eczema 23.38 62.21 purpura post-transfusion 49.11 effect on contact allergic reactions 26.9 PTD (toluene-2,5-diamine) 26.60, 26.61 annular, mechanical injury 28.31 psychogenic/factitious 64.12, 64.33–4, effect on skin properties 28.8 PTEN gene 18.6, 62.25, 62.26 autoimmune thrombocytopenic see 64.38 extracorporeal photophoresis and, in mutations idiopathic thrombocytopenic raised intravascular pressure causing pemphigus 40.12 in Cowden’s syndrome 53.5 purpura (ITP) 49.14 granuloma annulare 60.10 induced by UVR, melanoma and bland retiform 49.39–40 in renal failure 62.72 Hailey-Hailey disease 39.36 29.7 chronic, partial lipodystrophy 46.40 reticulate 62.91 hand eczema 23.22 PTEN hamartoma tumour syndrome classifi cation 49.1, 49.2–4 retiform 49.44, 49.48 Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis (LCH) 62.25–6 clinical patterns 49.4 bland (sepsis-related purpura 55.13 pterins 2.5 cocarde 49.19 fulminans) 49.39–40 livedoid vasculopathy 49.44 Pterocarpus soyauxii 26.81 contact 49.21 retiform pattern 49.2, 49.7, 49.39 male genital dermatology 71.40, 71.49 pterygium 65.11 corticosteroid-induced 49.15 rubella 33.71 mastocytosis 22.35–6 in lichen planus 65.29 Crohn’s disease and 62.51 senile 49.15 necrobiosis lipoidica 60.16 ventral 51.95, 65.11–12 in cryoglobulinaemia 49.33 simple macular haemorrhage 49.2, non-melanoma skin cancer and 52.4 pterygium inversum unguis 51.95, in cutaneous small vessel vasculitis 49.3, 49.4–7 patient selection 20.30 65.11–12 50.14, 50.15 diagnosis 49.4–5 pemphigus 40.12 pterygoid sign 69.4–5 decreased blood vessel support causing lesion size 49.3, 49.4 pigmented purpuric dermatoses 49.26 Pthirus gorillae 2.10, 38.15 49.14–15 size of lesions 49.3, 49.4 polymorphic light eruption 29.12

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–24.34; Volume 2, pp. 25.1–44.22; Volume 3, pp. 45.1–62.113; Volume 4, pp. 63.1–80.14 Index 91

psoriasis 20.29–31 pyoderma vegetans 30.77–8, 50.89 QUOROM (Quality of Reporting of Meta- papuloerythroderma of Ofuji and 9.13 in HIV infection 35.17 pyodermatitis–pyostomatitis vegetans Analyses) 7.7, 7.16 pemphigus foliaceus and 9.14 of nails 65.26 50.70, 62.51 pemphigus vulgaris and 9.14 responses to 64.4 pyodermite vegetante of Hallopeau 30.77 photodermatoses and 9.19 sarcoidosis 61.21 pyogenic arthritis, pyoderma R pigmentation and 9.1, 58.1, 58.10 solar urticaria 29.20 gangrenosum and acne (PAPA) R-spondin family 3.5, 3.14 pigmentation signifi cance 58.9 with topically applied psoralens 20.32 syndrome 42.82, 50.53, 50.66, 13-cis-RA see isotretinoin pityriasis lichenoides chronica and trimethylpsoralen (TMP) bath PUVA 62.104 Rab protein, Rab27A, melanosome 9.5–6 20.32 pyogenic granuloma 56.25–6, 71.100 transfer 58.4 pityriasis rosea and 9.6 using other psoralens 20.32 in acne 42.32, 42.79 Rab3a, melanosome transfer to pityriasis rotunda and 9.10 vitiligo 58.48 curettage 77.40, 77.41 keratinocytes 58.4 pityriasis versicolor and 9.6 see also psoralen(s) eccrine poroma vs 53.23 rabbit botfl y 38.9 podoconiosis and 9.8 PVP see polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) nail involvement 65.35 rabbit-ear model 42.23, 42.73 polymorphic light eruption and 9.19 PWS see port-wine stain oral cavity 69.20, 69.102 rabbitfi sh 38.59 primary cutaneous amyloidosis and PXE see pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) pyorrhoea 69.18 rabies 38.61 9.17 Pyemotes 38.48 pyostomatitis vegetans 50.70, 62.50, 69.59 vaccination progressive macular hypomelanosis pyknosis 10.41 pyrantel pamoate 37.14, 37.15 alopecia after in dogs 2.18 and 9.16 pyloric atresia, congenital 3.31 pyrazinamide 74.45 dermatomyositis after, in dogs 2.15 pseudofolliculitis barbae and 9.9 pyloric stenosis adverse effects 31.27, 75.62 Rabson–Mendenhall syndrome 45.63 psoriasis and 9.14 epidermolysis bullosa simplex with in tuberculosis 31.27 Rac, melanocyte dendrite formation 58.4 rosacea and 9.14 39.4, 39.8 Pyrenochaeta unguius hominis 36.55 race 9.1–19 sarcoidosis and 9.14 junctional epidermolysis bullosa with pyrethroids 38.19, 38.20, 73.13–14 acanthosis nigricans and 9.15 seborrhoeic dermatitis and 9.6 39.9–10, 39.11, 39.14 pyridostigmine 26.46 acne and 9.4–5, 42.19, 42.24 sickle cell disease and 9.12 pyoderma pyridoxine 59.62, 75.113 acne nuchae keloidalis and 9.9 skin bleaching and 9.8 in animals 2.10 pyrimethamine actinic prurigo and 9.19 skin structure and function variations chancriform 30.77 adverse effects 75.70 adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma and 9.1–4 defi nition 5.7 Stevens–Johnson syndrome 76.11 9.13 squamous cell carcinoma and 9.18 erythromycin therapy 74.42 in toxoplasmosis 37.44 ainhum and 9.12–13 stratum corneum variations 9.2, folliculitis and atopy with 23.27 pyrin domain (PYD) 12.9 allergic contact dermatitis and 9.13, 9.13 malignant 50.69 pyritinol 75.89 26.8 syphilis and 9.6 secondary, in dogs 2.13 pyrogallol 66.97 atopic dermatitis and 9.13 systemic sclerosis and 9.14 staphylococcal pyrogenic toxin superantigens 30.31 bacterial skin fl ora and 30.3–4 tinea capitis and 9.8 in dogs 2.11 pyrrolizidine alkaloids, photosensitivity basal cell carcinoma and 9.18 transient neonatal pustular melanosis erythromycin 74.42 in animals and 2.23 Candida paronychia and 9.18 and 9.12 streptococcal 30.14, 30.15, 30.16, 30.33 Pythium insidiosum 36.92 capsaicin dermatitis and 9.13 vascular naevi and 9.19 pyoderma faciale (rosacea fulminans) cellulitis and 9.18 vitiligo and 9.6–7 42.84–5, 43.13–14 cerumen and 68.2 vulvodynia and 9.19 isotretinoin treatment 42.62 Q classifi cation 9.1, 9.2 warts and 9.18 scarring 43.14 Q-switched ruby laser, congenital naevi contact dermatitis and 9.13 radiant exposure 29.1 pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) 50.64–74, treatment 54.14 defi nitions 9.1 radiation 51.132 QFT (Quantiferon-TB Gold) 31.6 dermatosis papulosa nigra and 9.11 contaminating 29.3 aetiology and pathogenesis 50.65–7 Quality Adjusted Life Year (QALY) 72.22 dermatosis pustulosa cruris et electromagnetic see electromagnetic atypical 50.68–9 quality of life (QOL) 72.13–24 atrophicans and 9.13 radiation see also neutrophilic dermatosis, of acne and 42.35 discoid lupus erythematosus and 9.15 infrared see infrared radiation the dorsal hands clinical decisions and 72.2, 72.14, 72.24 dissecting cellulitis and 9.9–10 ionizing see ionizing radiation bone and joint involvement 62.102 defi nitions 64.10, 72.13 effect on normal bacterial skin fl ora solar simulated (SSR) 29.5 breast 50.70, 70.11 disability and 64.10 30.3–4 thermal, non-melanoma skin cancer bullous 46.32, 50.68–9 measurement 64.10, 72.13–24 epidermal structure and function and associated 52.5 classic/ulcerative 50.68 children and families 64.10, 72.20, 9.2 ultraviolet see ultraviolet (UV) radiation clinical features 50.68–70 72.23–4 erythema dyschromicum perstans and visible 29.1 Crohn’s disease and 50.65, 62.50–1 clinical use 72.24 9.16–17 radiation reaction see radiodermatitis defi nition 50.64 correlation with clinical indices facial Afro-Caribbean childhood radical oxygen species (ROS) 12.54–6 diagnosis 50.70 72.14 eruption and 9.12 radiculoneuropathy, herpes simplex differential diagnosis 50.71 dermatology-specifi c 72.17–19 focal acral hyperkeratosis and 9.10 33.17 diseases associated 50.65 disease-specifi c 72.19–21 fungal infection and 9.12 radio-isotope scanning 5.22 ear involvement 68.17 general health 72.16–17 hair and 9.2, 66.13 radio repair, occupational hazards factitial panniculitis vs 46.28 patient-specifi c 72.22 hair styling practices and 9.7 27.20 genital involvement 50.70 practical clinical use 72.24 HTLV-1 associated infective dermatitis radioallergosorbent test 13.16 in males 71.25 value of 72.13–14, 72.16 and 9.12 see also CAP fl uoroimmunoassay hepatitis B virus infection and 62.59 Quality of Reporting of Meta-Analyses idiopathic guttate hypopigmentation radiocontrast media histopathology 50.67–8 7.7, 7.16 and 9.11 adverse effects 75.25, 75.150–2 history 50.64 Quantiferon-TB Gold 31.6 Kaposi’s sarcoma and 9.18–19 histamine liberation 22.8 leg ulcers in 47.57 quartz 27.17 keloids and 9.15 radiocurability 79.3 in liver disease 62.64 quaternary ammonium compounds keratoderma and 9.10 radiodermatitis 47.52 nomenclature 50.64 25.20, 73.14 keratosis punctata and 9.10 acute 79.14–16 ocular involvement 50.70 quaternium-15 26.50, 26.51 knuckle pads and 9.15 alopecia due to 66.53–4 oral involvement 50.70 Questionnaire on Experience with Skin lichen nitidus and 9.5 chronic 66.53–4, 79.16–17 paraneoplastic 62.41 complaints (QES) 72.20 lichen planus and 9.5 chronic, telangiectases in 79.16 perianal/perineal involvement 71.95 quetiapine 64.52, 75.83 lichen simplex chronicus and 9.13–14 loss of eccrine function in 44.18 peristomal 50.69, 50.72 quills 2.3 lichen striatus and 9.5 male genital dermatology 71.18 pustular 50.68 quinacrine see mepacrine Lyme disease and 9.18 perianal/perineal 71.90 pyoderma vegetans vs 30.77, 30.78 Quincke’s oedema see angio-oedema malignant melanoma and 9.18 radiofrequency 80.14 respiratory tract involvement 50.70 quinidine, adverse effects 75.90 melanocytic naevi and 9.17 radiofrequency ablation (RFA), varicose sarcoidosis and 61.18 hypermelanosis 58.30 melanosomes differences 3.21, 9.2, veins 47.39 superfi cial/vegetative 50.69 quinine 58.10 radiofrequency devices, cellulite treatment 50.72–4, 73.24 adverse effects 75.71, 75.159 melasma and 9.16 management 46.10 ciclosporin 74.17 hypermelanosis 58.30 Mongolian spot and 9.11 radiography TNF antagonists 74.7 lichenoid tissue reaction 41.24 morphoea and 9.14 foreign bodies 28.42 ulcerative colitis and 50.65, 62.50–1 rash 37.27 mudi-chood and 9.7–8 sarcoidosis 61.20 upper limbs/trunk/face 50.69–70 as food additive 75.159 mycosis fungoides and 9.7 see also X-ray(s) variants 50.64 as photoallergen 26.24 naevus of Ito and 9.17 radioimmunoassay 13.19 vasculitis and 50.49, 50.67 quinizarin 44.4 naevus of Ota and 9.17 radionecrosis 79.16–17, 79.18 pyoderma gangrenosum acne 42.85 quinoline mix 68.24 nail pigmentation and 65.39 radiopharmaceuticals 75.152 pyoderma gangrenosum-like disease, in quinolone antibiotics 74.41, 75.59–60 oculocutaneous albinism and 9.16 radioresponsiveness 79.3 animal models 2.8 quinones 26.25 otitis externa and 68.20–1 radiosensitivity 79.3, 79.4 92 Index radiotherapy Ramsay–Hunt syndrome 33.26, 68.20, vesiculopapular 33.4 regional diversity of skin 3.3 acrodermatitis continua (of Hallopeau) 69.74 in viral infections 33.3–4, 33.4 regional ileitis see Crohn’s disease 79.4 management 33.28 RAST 13.16 registers of skin disease 6.6 adjuvant 79.7 zoster and 33.26 see also CAP fl uoroimmunoassay regulated upon activation normal T cell adverse effects 44.18, 62.47 random effects models 7.9 rat-bite fevers 30.67 expressed and secreted see angiosarcoma 56.37, 56.38 randomization, RCTs 7.10–11 rat skin transcutaneous electrical RANTES carcinogenesis 79.4, 79.18–19 randomized controlled trials (RCT) 7.1 resistance test 25.9 Reiter’s syndrome 34.30, 34.31, 50.62 mucositis 69.82, 79.10 applicability 7.13 Raynaud’s phenomenon 63.4, 74.51–2 bone and joint involvement 62.101, non-melanoma skin cancer 52.5 appraisal and evaluation 7.11–15 aetiology and pathology 28.68–9 62.105 angiosarcoma following 56.37, 56.38 importance of results 7.12–13 anticentromere antibodies 51.103 female genital involvement 71.59 atypical vascular proliferation individual trials 7.10–13 clinical features 28.69–70 HIV infection 35.17 following 56.41–2 results applied to patients 7.13 cold-induced injury 28.68–71 male genital involvement 71.18 basal cell carcinoma 79.5–7, 79.8–12, masking 7.11 development of SLE 51.36 nail involvement 65.25 79.13 outcome variables 7.12 diagnosis 28.70 ocular involvement 67.25 benign disease 79.4–5, 79.18 randomization 7.10–11 differential diagnosis 28.57–8, 28.66, oral involvement 69.71, 69.118 Bowen’s disease 79.12 surrogate endpoints 7.12 51.106 rejuvenation techniques 80.4–14 choice of 79.5–7 validity 7.10–13 following fi sh stings 38.59 relapsing fever 30.64 comparison with surgery 79.5–7 value of 7.3, 7.4 hyperhidrosis and 44.8 relapsing linear acantholytic linear contraindication, in naevoid basal cell see also systematic reviews occupational, vibration white fi nger dermatosis see Hailey–Hailey carcinoma syndrome 52.7 ranitidine 27.17 disease cutaneous T-cell lymphoma 79.13 adverse effect 75.150 onset of systemic sclerosis 51.94 relapsing polychondritis 45.42–4 Darier’s disease 79.4 in hand eczema 23.22 paraneoplastic 62.41 bone and joint involvement 62.104 dermatofi brosarcoma protuberans sebaceous gland activity inhibition telangiectases in 47.14 following ear piercing 68.8 56.13, 79.13 42.16 treatment 28.70 neutrophilic dermatoses associated dose 79.7–8 in urticaria 22.28 prostacyclin analogue iloprost 51.108 50.91–2 electron beams 79.1–2, 79.9 RANTES 13.4 vascular lesions 51.132 panniculitis with 46.32 eyelid 79.8–9 in atopic dermatitis 24.4 Raynaud’s syndrome, oesophageal paraneoplastic 62.40 face 79.10, 79.11 in HIV infection 35.4, 35.18 aperistalsis 51.99 respiratory tract involvement 62.82 fractionation 79.3, 79.8 in lichen planus 41.1 RCTs see randomized controlled trials vasculitis and 50.48–9, 50.54, 50.91–2 Hailey–Hailey disease 79.4 thymus and activation-regulated (RCT) relative risk 6.18 hand eczema 23.22 chemokine (TARC/CCL17) reactive oxygen species (ROS) relaxin 3.41 immunosuppressive effects 13.25 12.33, 12.44, 12.46 dithranol mechanism of action 73.29 relaxin family peptide receptor-1 (RFPR1) implants 79.2, 79.5 in vasculitis 50.10 skin ageing and 80.2 3.41 infantile haemangioma 18.51–2 vitamin D action 73.43 UVA-1 forming 29.1 REM syndrome 59.25 inner canthus 79.9 ranula (mucocele) 69.22, 69.65, 69.84, reactive perforating collagenosis 19.89, renal disease 62.68–75 juvenile xanthogranuloma 55.16 69.110 45.63, 45.64–5, 69.129 ichthyosis and 19.61 Kaposi’s sarcoma 56.36, 79.13 Ranunculus 25.21 reboxetine 64.51 purpura due to 49.18 Kasabach–Merritt syndrome/ RAPADALINO syndrome 15.80 recessive alleles 15.3–4 in SLE 51.44 phenomenon 18.57 rapamycin (sirolimus) 13.25, 74.25, 75.138 RecQ helicase 58.23–4 in systemic sclerosis 51.101 keloids 45.55, 79.4–5 mammalian target of rapamycin RECQL4 gene 15.80–1 ‘wire-loop’ lesions 51.34 kilovoltage 79.1, 79.2 (mTOR) 74.5 rectal carcinoid tumours 43.18 see also kidneys, disorders; specifi c Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis 55.13 rapeseed oil, toxic oil epidemic syndrome rectum, syphilitic lesions 34.7, 34.8 diseases late sequelae 79.4 (Spain) 51.82 recurrent aphthous stomatitis 69.44–6, renal failure 27.11 lentigo maligna 79.12–13 raphe cysts, male genital region 71.35 69.48 calcifying panniculitis with 46.16–17 lentigo maligna melanoma 79.12–13 rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test 34.19 recurrent focal palmar peeling 23.19 chronic see chronic renal failure lichen planus association 41.3 Rapp–Hodgkin syndrome 15.51 recurrent scarlatiniform erythema 30.34 cutaneous signs 62.72–3 lips 79.10, 79.11 Rapunzel syndrome 64.32 red, white and blue sign 38.32 end-stage, restless legs syndrome lymph nodes, lymphoedema after RAR-selective retinoids 20.27 red-back spider 38.31 47.12 48.13 RARs see retinoic acid receptors (RARs) red bug 38.50 pigmentation changes 58.27 male genital region 71.44 RAS (recurrent aphthous stomatitis) red-cell aplasia 33.63 renal transplantation see kidneys, malignant melanoma 54.55, 54.56, 79.12 69.44–6, 69.48 Red Cross 72.31 transplantation megavoltage 79.1 RASA1 gene mutation 47.21 red fi ngers syndrome 62.59 renal tumours, genetics 15.23 Merkel cell carcinoma 79.13 rash(es) red-man syndrome 23.48–9, 75.60 reoviruses 33.3 metastatic carcinoma 79.13 in actinic prurigo 29.14 red poultry mite 38.51 repeatability 6.19 moulds 79.2 in adult T-cell leukaemia–lymphoma red sponge 38.59 repifermin 14.27 mycosis fungoides 57.24 33.64 Redd African padauk 26.81 reports, histopathology 10.36 in necrobiotic xanthogranuloma in chronic actinic dermatitis 29.17 redox status, rosacea 43.2 reptiles 55.28 in congenital syphilis 34.16 reducing agents as irritants 25.21 glands 2.4 non-melanoma skin cancer 52.5, in coxsackievirus infections 33.71–2 5α-reductase 42.3, 42.10, 44.18, 66.14, pigment cells 2.6 52.16 in echovirus infections 33.73 66.15 scales and skin 2.3 palliative 79.5, 79.6 in erythema infectiosum (fi fth disease) acne aetiology and 42.21, 42.23 skin infections 2.12 photon beams 79.1, 79.2 33.62, 33.63 defi ciency 66.14 research, health services 6.14–17 postoperative 79.7 factitious 64.42–3 isoforms 42.10, 42.21, 42.23 research papers, appraisal and evaluation sarcoidosis 61.21 in HIV infection 35.10 in sebocytes 42.10 7.10, 7.13, 7.15, 7.16–23 squamous cell carcinoma 52.27, 68.31, in infectious mononucleosis 33.30 5α-reductase inhibitors reserpine, systemic sclerosis 51.108 79.5–7, 79.8–12, 79.13 in Lassa fever 33.69 in hirsutism 66.88 contraindications 51.108 technique 79.3 macular 33.4 isotretinoin as 42.16 resins tinea capitis 79.4 maculopapular 5.7, 33.4 progesterone as 42.11, 42.16 acrylic 26.72–3 treatment modalities 79.1–2 maculopapular–petechial 33.4 Reduviidae 37.31, 38.25–6 as allergens 26.69–74 treatment regimens 79.7–8 maculopapular–vesicular 33.4 Reed syndrome (hereditary epoxy tumour recurrence following 79.17–18 in Marburg and Ebola diseases 33.70 leiomyomatosis and renal cell allergic contact dermatitis and 26.16, wart treatment 33.50 in measles 33.75 carcinoma syndrome) 2.17, 26.20, 26.70–2 whole-brain, melanoma metastatic to papular 33.4 62.29, 62.69 depigmentation due to 26.26 brain 54.55 papulovesicular 33.4 Reed–Sternberg cells, in Hodgkin’s fi lter-paper test 27.8 Raeder’s syndrome 63.22 papulovesiculopustular 33.4 disease 57.29 scleroderma-like lesions 51.80 RAG-1 gene/enzyme 13.6, 13.8 in pityriasis rosea 33.79 Reed–Sternberg-like cells 57.30 formaldehyde 26.49, 26.65, 26.68, 26.69, RAG-2 gene/enzyme 13.6, 13.8 in polymorphic light eruption (PLE) referrals 26.73–4 ragweed 26.10, 26.20, 26.75 29.11, 29.23 psychiatry 64.15 resol 26.73 ragwort, photosensitivity in animals and roseolar (macular syphilide) 34.8–10 rates, for specialist care 6.15 resorcin, acne vulgaris treatment 42.43 2.23 in rubella 33.70 refl ex sympathetic dystrophy see complex resorcinol 25.19, 73.13, 75.166 ‘rain scald’ (dermatophilosis), in horses in scarlet fever 30.34 regional pain syndrome (CRPS) shampoo 73.13 2.12 in secondary syphilis 34.8, 34.10, 34.11 refl ux 47.25, 47.35 resource allocation 72.13 raised limb bands see amniotic urticarial, viral infections 33.4 venous see venous refl ux respiratory papillomatosis 33.47 bands/adhesions in varicella 33.23, 33.24 refractory errors, in albinism 58.40 respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) 17.58, ramipril 75.93 vesicular, viral infections 33.4 Refsum’s disease 19.3, 19.45–7 33.75, 33.76

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–24.34; Volume 2, pp. 25.1–44.22; Volume 3, pp. 45.1–62.113; Volume 4, pp. 63.1–80.14 Index 93

respiratory tract retinoblastoma, familial 54.48 in psoriatic nail involvement 65.26 rheumatoid disease, dermatological blastomycosis 36.84 retinochoroiditis 61.7 RAR-selective 20.27 manifestations 51.130–3 coccidioidomycosis 36.85 retinoic acid (tretinoin; vitamin A acid) receptors and binding to 73.35 fi broblastic rheumatism 51.133 cryptococcosis 36.89, 36.90 73.35, 73.35–6 safety precautions 74.37 pseudosclerodermatous changes 51.130 disorders 62.80–5 in acne 42.39–40, 42.40 sebaceous gland activity control rheumatoid factor 13.10 see also specifi c disorders in actinic elastosis 45.27 42.14–15 activity of type II/III cryoglobulins drugs acting on 75.98–9 adverse effects 42.49, 75.113, 75.166 synthetic 73.34, 73.35 49.32 histoplasmosis 36.82 retinoid dermatitis due to 73.27 systemic detection 13.20–1 in infantile haemangioma 18.46 depigmenting action 73.27 epidermolytic/non-epidermolytic in syphilis 34.21 infections 62.80 in dystrophic EB 39.29 epidermal naevi 18.7 rheumatoid neutrophilic dermatosis herpes simplex virus 33.17 formulations 42.39 teratogenicity 73.35 51.131 lymphoid structure 13.9 hair regrowth and 73.39 see also retinoids, oral rheumatoid nodules 51.130–2 neutrophilic dermatoses 50.81, 50.82 hypermelanosis treatment 58.39 teratogenicity 42.50, 72.28, 73.35, 74.38 rheumatoid ulcers 47.55 paracoccidioidomycosis 36.87 isomers 73.35 topical 57.23 rhinitis, congenital syphilis 34.15 pyoderma gangrenosum 50.70 metabolism blocking agents 20.42–3, in acne 42.39–41, 42.48, 73.34, 73.35, rhino mouse model 42.23 sarcoidosis 61.6, 61.7 74.37 73.36 rhinoceros 2.3 in SLE 51.43, 62.82 in molluscum contagiosum 33.12 in chloracne 42.77 Rhinocladiella aquaspersa 36.75 in Wegener’s granulomatosis 50.39–40 photocarcinogenesis control 29.7 indications 73.34 rhinoentomophthoromycosis 36.78–9 xanthoma disseminatum 55.21 in prevention of ageing 80.3 mechanism of action 42.40 Rhinoestrus 38.9 see also lungs receptors 73.35 retinol 73.34, 73.35 rhinophyma 43.9–10 rest pain 47.2, 47.7 for solar lentiginosis 73.26 allergy to 26.46 electrosurgery 77.46 management 47.6 in systemic sclerosis 51.108 cosmetic uses 73.35 giant, symmetrical lipomatosis with restaurant personnel, occupational topical 57.23, 73.34, 73.35–6, 75.166 defi ciency, wound healing and 14.18 46.46 hazards 27.20 in acne vulgaris 73.34 excess 66.29 laser therapy 78.14 resting stress lines (Langer’s lines) 77.2, in chemically-induced skin tumours intoxication 75.108 malignancy association 43.9 77.13 73.36 metabolism 73.35 treatment 43.6 restless legs syndrome 47.11–12, 63.24–5 indications 73.35–6 in prevention of ageing 80.3 rhinoscleroma 30.51–3, 69.121 restriction enzymes 11.4 in keloids 45.55 topical application 73.35 rhinosporidiosis 36.78 restriction fragment length polymorphism in osteoma cutis 42.78 see also vitamin A Rhinosporidium 36.78 (RFLP) 15.7, 32.1 wart treatment 33.49 retinopathy, antimalarials causing 67.31 Rhipicephalus 38.34, 38.35 restrictive dermopathy 17.20, 45.51 9-cis-retinoic acid (13cRA) see alitretinoin retrobulbar neuritis, in sarcoidosis 61.7 Rhizoglyphus 38.47 Restylane 80.6 (9-cis-retinoic acid) retroviral entry inhibitors 74.50 Rhizomucor 36.91 RET gene 62.24 13-cis-retinoic acid (13cRA), squamous retroviruses 33.2, 33.64–6 Rhizopus 36.91, 68.27 retapamulin 73.10 cell carcinoma 52.28 HTLV-1-associated adult T-cell vessel-invasive infection 49.35 rete ridges 3.16 retinoic acid metabolism blocking agents leukaemia–lymphoma 57.37–8 Rho, melanocyte dendrite formation 58.4 ageing and 8.23 20.42–3, 74.37 replication 33.64 rhodamine RB200 10.12 glucocorticoid-induced atrophy 45.4 retinoic acid nuclear receptors (RAR, Tax protein 33.64 rhodium 26.40 lichen nitidus 41.22 RXR) 3.39 see also HIV infection Rhodnius prolixus 37.31 saw-tooth appearance in lichen planus retinoic acid receptor (RAR)-selective revascularization rhodopsin, formation reduction 67.31 41.4 retinoids 20.27 claudication 47.5–6 Rhodotorula 69.105 warts (common/plantar) 33.41 retinoic acid receptors (RARs) 42.14, rest pain and gangrene 47.6 Rhus 26.1 reticular degeneration 10.38 73.35, 73.36, 73.37 reverse genetics 11.1 rhytides 80.2 reticular erythematous mucinoses 59.25 acne treatment and 42.40, 42.58 reverse transcriptase 11.6, 33.1, 33.64 ribavirin reticular pigmented anomaly of the RAR-α and RAR-β 42.40, 42.58 reverse transcription, HIV 35.3, 35.6 adverse effects 75.67 fl exures 15.94–5, 58.22 retinoic acid-responsive elements (RARE) reverse transcription polymerase chain in cryoglobulinaemic vasculitis 50.25 reticulate acropigmentation 58.21–2 3.39 reaction 11.6 Lassa fever 33.69 reticulate acropigmentation of Dohi retinoid acid-binding protein (RAR) 42.40 reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy measles 33.76 15.95, 58.21–2 retinoid dermatitis 73.27 syndrome 50.47 ribofl avinaemia, pigmentation 58.53 reticulate acropigmentation of Kitamura retinoid X receptors (RXRs) 73.35, 73.36 rexinoids 73.36 ribofl avine 59.62 58.21 hair growth and 66.11 Reye’s syndrome, in varicella 33.25 RICE therapy 38.32 reticulate body, Chlamydia 34.29 retinoids 20.27, 20.37–8, 73.34–9, 74.33–8 Reynold’s syndrome 62.62 Richner–Hanhart oculocutaneous reticulin, in sarcoidosis 61.3, 61.4 adverse effects 74.37, 75.108–13 RFLP (restriction fragment length syndrome 19.95, 19.111–12, 59.97 reticulocytes, occlusion due to 49.47 on cancer suppression 74.33 polymorphism) 15.7, 32.1 rickets 69.116, 69.117 reticulocytoma/reticulohistiocytoma cutis on cell differentiation 74.33 rhabdomyocytes, microscopy 10.35 vitamin D-resistant 66.11 see multicentric effects on mood 64.49, 75.112–13 rhabdomyolysis, in varicella 33.25 Rickettisa akari 30.74 reticulohistiocytosis hair loss 66.29–30 rhabdomyoma 56.57 Rickettisa conori 30.73 reticuloendothelial system 12.26 on neutrophil migration 74.33 cardiac 15.23 Rickettisa rickettsii 30.73 sarcoidosis 61.7 photosensitivity 42.50 fetal 18.37 Rickettisa tsutsugamushi 30.74 reticuloendotheliosis, non-lipid see systemic 75.111–12 oral 69.112 rickettsial infections 30.72–4, 38.35, 38.51 Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis teratogenicity 42.50, 72.28, 74.38 rhabdomyosarcoma vasculitis and 50.55 (LCH) binding proteins and regulation cutaneous 56.57 rickettsialpox 30.74 reticulohistiocytoma (solitary epithelioid 73.34–5 ear 68.34 Riehl’s melanosis 58.35 histiocytoma) 55.23, 55.24 chemical peels and 80.9 oral 69.112 rifampicin 74.44, 74.45 reticulohistiocytoma cutis see multicentric collagen gene expression control 3.39 rhabdoviruses 33.3 adverse effects 31.27, 75.62 reticulohistiocytosis endogenous 73.34–5 rhagades 34.15, 69.122 in leprosy 32.16, 32.17 reticulohistiocytosis naturally occurring 73.35 in Hailey-Hailey disease 39.34 resistance to 31.27, 32.1–2 diffuse cutaneous 55.24 see also retinol Rhagionidae 38.6 in tuberculosis 31.27 malignant 55.32–3 in epidermodysplasia verruciformis rheography, light-refl ection 47.36 rifamycins 74.44 multicentric giant-cell see multicentric 33.58 rheumatic fever 51.138, 62.78 Rift Valley fever 33.67, 33.70 reticulohistiocytosis in hand eczema 23.22 erythema marginatum in 51.138, Riga–Fede disease 69.43 reticulosis in hidradenitis suppurativa 30.81 62.107 rilanocept, cryopyrin-associated aleukaemic 55.32–3 in HPV-associated dysplasia/neoplasia streptococcal infection and 30.12 autoinfl ammatory syndromes histiocytic (malignant) 55.32–3 33.55 rheumatism, fi broblastic 62.103 74.11 histiocytic medullary 55.32–3 immunostimulation 74.33 rheumatoid arthritis 62.103 Riley–Day syndrome (type III hereditary virus-induced 55.30–1 mechanism of action 73.34–5 cutaneous atrophy and 45.3 sensory autonomic neuropathy) retiform parapsoriasis 57.58 metabolism 73.35 dermatological manifestations 51.130–3 44.7, 62.80, 63.18 retina in naevoid basal cell carcinoma leg ulceration associated 47.55 Riley–Smith syndrome (Bannayan–Riley– acute retinal necrosis syndrome 33.26 syndrome 52.8 lymphoedema in 48.13 Ruvalcaba syndrome) 18.60, angioid streaks 45.21, 45.22 in ocular rosacea 43.7 pigmentation changes 58.26 62.26, 62.57, 69.38 anlage tumour 56.52–3 oral pustular neutrophilic panniculitis 46.32 ring block 77.10 detachment 24.25 non-melanoma skin cancer 52.18 treatment for nail biopsy 65.42 phacomas 15.23 ocular side effects 67.31 fl ushing associated 43.15 ringworm retinacula cutis 45.2 wart treatment 33.50 TNF antagonists 74.7 beard 36.28–9, 36.49 retinal necrosis syndrome, acute 33.26 photosensitivity with 42.50 vascular lesions 51.132 body see tinea corporis (tinea circinata) retinitis, CMV 33.29 in pregnancy 74.38, 75.113 vasculitis and 50.48 face see tinea faciei (tinea faciale) 94 Index

foot see tinea pedis acne vs 42.36, 43.5 rubella 33.70–1 salivary gland involvement, rosacea 43.4 groin see tinea cruris perioral dermatitis vs 43.11 aetiology and clinical features 33.70–1 salivary gland swelling, HIV infection hand (tinea manuum) 26.29, 36.32–3, epidemiology 43.1 congenital 17.41–2, 18.2, 33.71 35.42 36.50 erythema 43.3, 43.4, 43.6 diagnosis, prophylaxis 33.71 salmeterol 75.98 nails (tinea unguium) 36.34–5, 36.50 erythematotelangiectatic 43.1, 43.2, 43.6 MMR vaccination 33.71 salmon patch 18.62–3 scalp see tinea capitis (tinea tonsurans) eye involvement 43.4, 43.5, 43.7 in pregnancy 33.71 Salmonella 30.47–8 steroid-modifi ed see tinea incognito fl ushing 43.1, 43.2, 43.3 TORCH syndrome 33.76–7 aortitis due to 50.55 treatment and management 36.46–51 aggravating factors 43.3 rubeosis 59.77 salt-split, lamina lucida 40.47 rio-palisander 26.81 management 43.6 Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome 15.92–3, Salticidae 38.32 RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) gastrointestinal symptoms with 43.2 18.70 saltpetre disease 45.25 11.8, 11.9 granulomatous 43.2, 43.5 Rud’s syndrome 19.11 sampling error 6.18 risk acne agminata as variant 43.13 rue 26.16 San Joaquin valley fever see attributable 6.18 acne vs 42.37 Ruffi ni corpuscles 4.9, 4.10 coccidioidomycosis relative 6.18 Helicobacter pylori role in 43.2 Ruffi ni organs 3.15 sand-worm eruption see larva migrans, risk factors, for skin disease 6.11–13, 6.18 eradication effect 43.2, 43.6, 43.7 rule of hand, quantity of topical therapy cutaneous causative 6.11 histopathology 43.4–5 73.3 sandfl ies 37.33, 37.39, 38.2, 38.5, 38.7 see also individual risk factors in HIV infection 43.3 Rule of Nines 14.10, 28.77, 28.78 sandfl y fever 38.5 risk–benefi t analysis 72.3–4 infl ammatory lesions 43.1, 43.3, 43.4, Rule of Tens 72.14 Sandhoff disease 44.18 risperidone 64.16, 64.52 43.5 ruminations, depressive 64.12 Sanfi lippo’s syndrome see ritonavir, adverse effects 35.22 infl ammatory papulopustular 43.4 Rumpel–Leede sign 49.5 mucopolysaccharidoses rituximab 13.25 lymphoedema and 43.4, 48.13, 48.16 rupatadine 74.31–2 santos palisander 26.81 adverse effects 75.146 management 43.6–7 Russell bodies 30.52 SAP (SLAM-associated protein) 13.6 in angio-oedema 22.22 migraine association 43.1 Russell’s sign 64.22 SAP (serum amyloid P) component in cryoglobulinaemic vasculitis 50.25 nomenclature 43.1 rust-red fl our beetle 38.27 59.42–3 in cutaneous small vessel vasculitis ocular see ocular rosacea rusters 28.93 saphenofemoral junction (SFJ) 47.25 50.16 papulopustular 43.2, 43.4, 43.5, 43.6 Rutaceae, phytophotodermatitis due to saphenous nerve, damage 47.38 in dermatomyositis 74.10 pathogenesis 43.1–3 29.21 saphenous vein dosing schedule 74.9 peau d’orange 43.3 rutosides 47.39–40, 75.98 greater (GSV) 47.25, 47.30, 47.38 indications 74.10 prognosis 43.5 Ruvalcaba–Myhre–Smith syndrome ligation and stripping 47.38 in pemphigus 40.12, 74.9 progression 43.3 (Bannayan–Riley–Ruvalcaba short (SSV) 47.25, 47.30, 47.39 in vasculitides 74.10 race and 9.14 syndrome) 18.60, 62.26, 62.57, SAPHO syndrome 20.17, 42.85, 62.101 in Wegener’s granulomatosis 50.41 salivary gland involvement 43.4 69.38 saquinavir 75.68 river blindness see onchocerciasis sarcoidal reaction in 61.23 RXRs see retinoid X receptors (RXRs) photosensitivity due to 35.22 RLS (restless legs syndrome) 47.11–12, seborrhoeic dermatitis and 23.29 sarcoid 63.24–5 severity assessment 72.10 equine 2.21–2 RNA solid facial oedema 42.74 S micropapular of face, acne vs 42.37 amplifi cation, syphilis diagnosis 34.19 steroid 43.10, 73.19 S100 protein 10.21–2, 10.24 sarcoid-like granulomatous dermatitis double-stranded (dsRNA) 11.7 telangiectasia 43.4, 43.6 juvenile xanthogranuloma 55.15–16 (granulomatous perioral fetal 16.9–10 treatment 43.5–6 Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis cells 55.9 dermatitis) 43.12, 43.13 interference (RNAi) 11.7, 11.9 antibiotics 43.2, 43.6, 43.7 melanoma vs Paget’s disease of nipple ‘sarcoid of Darier–Roussy’ 61.13 manipulation 11.4–5 isotretinoin 43.6, 74.34 53.39 sarcoidal reactions 61.13, 61.21–3 microRNA (miRNA) 11.7 metronidazole 43.3, 43.6 sinus histiocytosis with massive sarcoidosis 61.1–23 short hairpin (shRNA) 11.10 topical antibiotics 73.9, 73.10 lymphadenopathy 55.29 Addison’s disease and 61.17 small interfering (siRNA) 11.7, 11.9, rosacea fulminans see pyoderma faciale S100A6, expressed by dermal dendrocytes aetiology 61.2–3 11.10 (rosacea fulminans) 55.4 alopecia and 61.9, 61.14 structure and function 11.2–3 Rosai–Dorfman disease see sinus S100beta protein, melanoma 54.51 associated diseases 61.17–18 RNA-induced silencing complex 11.7, histiocytosis with massive SAA (serum amyloid A) 13.4, 13.19 bone and joint involvement 61.6–7, 11.9 lymphadenopathy (SHML; Sabinas brittle hair and mental defi ciency 61.11, 62.101, 62.104 RNA interference (RNAi) 11.7, 11.9 Rosai–Dorfman disease) syndrome 15.51 breast 70.12, 70.14 RNA polymerases 11.3, 11.6 rose spots 30.48 Saccharomyces 69.105 cardiac involvement 61.7, 62.78 RNA viruses see virus(es), RNA Roselli–Gulienetti syndrome 15.33 sacculus rotundus 13.7 childhood 61.16 Ro antigen 13.19 Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale 64.7 sacral herpes zoster see zoster chronic urticaria and 61.17 road workers, occupational hazards 27.20 Rosenthal–Kloepfer syndrome 15.89 SACRAL syndrome 18.47, 18.96 connective tissue disorders/disease and Roberts syndrome 18.70, 66.61 roseola infantum 33.32 SADBE see squaric acid dibutylester 61.17 Robi comb 38.20 roseolar rash (macular syphilide) 34.8–10 saddle-nose deformity 34.14, 34.17 course and prognosis 61.18–19 Robinson syndrome 15.35 Ross River virus 33.66–7, 33.67 Saethre–Chotzen syndrome 15.91 Crohn’s disease and 61.23 Rochalimea see Bartonella Ross’s syndrome 44.11, 44.13–14 SAHA syndrome 42.73, 66.82 Cushing’s syndrome/disease and 61.17 Rochalimea henselae see Bartonella henselae rotenone 38.41 St John’s wort 72.29, 75.160, 75.162 cutaneous 61.8–17 Rocky Mountain spotted fever 30.73, Roth spots 62.78 Saksenaea vasiformis 36.91 angiolupoid 61.9 38.34, 38.35 Rothman–Makai syndrome 46.15 salabrasion of tattoos 58.59 annular 61.9 purpura 49.20 Rothmund–Thomson syndrome see Salamon syndrome 15.56 atrophic 61.14 rocuronium 75.153 poikiloderma congenitale salbutamol 75.98 classifi cation 61.8 rodent bites 38.61 rotigotine 63.25 Salford Psoriasis Index 64.10, 72.9, 72.20 clinical features 61.8–9 rodent botfl y 38.9 roustabout’s breast 70.15 salicylamide 75.73 erythrodermic 61.14 rodent ulcer see basal cell carcinoma rove beetles 38.26–7 salicylic acid hyperpigmentation in 61.14 (BCC) Rowell’s syndrome 51.14, 76.7 in acne vulgaris 42.43, 42.68 hypopigmentation in 61.14 Romaña’s sign 37.32 RSPO4 gene 11.9, 11.10 adverse effects 75.166 ichthyosiform 61.14 Rombo syndrome 52.9 RT-PCR 11.6 as allergen 26.62 lichenoid 61.14, 61.15 rope sign 62.103–4 RTS (Rothmund–Thomson syndrome) see application and cautions 33.48 lupoid 61.14 ropinirole 63.25 poikiloderma congenitale dithranol with 73.30 lupus erythematosus-like 61.14 ropivacaine 77.10 rubber in hand eczema 23.22 maculopapular and erythematous in nail biopsy 65.42 as allergen 26.63–5 as irritant 25.19 61.10, 61.11 roquinimex 75.148 dermatitis due to 71.17 isotretinoin interaction 42.65 nodular 61.10, 61.12 ROS see reactive oxygen species (ROS) in footwear 26.63, 26.68–9 in molluscum contagiosum 33.12 papular (small nodular) 61.10, 61.12 rosacea 43.1–9 sensitizers in 26.64 as penetration enhancer 73.7 plaque 61.10, 61.12, 61.13 antimicrobial peptide expression sources of exposure 26.63 in pityriasis amiantacea 66.57 pruriginous 61.14 increased 3.16 synthetic 26.65 in pityriasis capitis 66.57 pseudotumoral 61.14 cathelicidin peptides, pathogenic role vulcanization 26.63 topical 5-FU with 73.23 psoriasiform 61.14 12.5 see also latex topical corticosteroids with 73.20 ulcerated 61.16 clinical features 43.1, 43.3 rubber dermatitis, male genital wart treatment 33.48 verrucose 61.16 complications 43.3–4 dermatology 71.17 salicylic acid peel, in acne vulgaris 42.68 defi nition 61.1 corticosteroid-induced 43.10, 73.19 rubber workers, occupational hazards salicylism 19.8, 75.166 diabetes insipidus and 61.7, 61.17 defi nition 43.1 27.20 saline, as local anaesthetic 77.11 differential diagnosis 61.5 Demodex and 38.53, 43.2–3, 43.5, 43.6 rubbing (the skin) 5.18, 64.27 saliva 69.3 ear involvement 61.9, 68.17 differential diagnosis 43.5, 51.9, 61.5 in response to pruritus 21.5 salivary gland examination 69.5 early/intermediate/late 61.6

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–24.34; Volume 2, pp. 25.1–44.22; Volume 3, pp. 45.1–62.113; Volume 4, pp. 63.1–80.14 Index 95

with endocrine autoimmune conditions Sarcoptes scabiei var. canis 2.10 dystrophic EB 39.18 vaccinia vaccination 33.6 62.13 sarcoptic mange 2.10, 38.36, 38.46 erosive pustular dermatosis 66.49–50 see also scar tissue epidemiology 61.2 Sarcoptidae 38.36–46 follicular lichen planus 41.11 SCARF syndrome 45.15 erythema nodosum and 50.83 see also scabies folliculitis 42.74 scarlet fever (scarlatina) 30.16, 30.33–5 extrapulmonary manifestations 61.6 sartans see angiotensin II receptor folliculitis decalvans 30.25, 66.46–7 staphylococcal 30.7–8, 65.21 general symptoms 61.6 antagonists granuloma annulare 66.5 scarring see scar(s) and scarring genetic and familial factors 61.3 Satchmo’s syndrome 28.26 hair scatter factor (SF), melanocyte mitogen gout and 61.18 saw-toothing 10.41 density 66.2 58.5 granuloma annulare and 60.9, 61.17 sawah itch 37.22 see also hair scattering of light, colours in animals and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and 61.17 SC phocomelia (Roberts syndrome) 18.70 hypotrichosis simplex 66.60 2.5 hepatic involvement 61.7–8 scab 14.10, 77.17 Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis 55.9 scavenger receptors (SR) 12.10 histological features 61.5 defi nition 5.7 lichen planopilaris 41.11, 66.39, 66.41–3 macrophage–monocyte 13.5 histopathology 61.3–4 scabicides 38.41–2, 38.44 lichen planus 41.11, 66.39, 66.41–3 neutrophil 13.5 history 61.1–2 scabies 38.36–46 lichen sclerosus 66.50 SCART1 and SCART2 12.10 HIV infection and 61.6 animal 38.46 lichen sclerosus et atrophicus 66.50 SCC see squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) hypercalciuria and hypercalcaemia in breast 70.17 linear morphoea 66.48, 66.49 Scedosporium apiospermum 68.25 61.8 canine 38.4 medical trauma 66.53 in mycetoma 36.73, 36.74 hyperthyroidism and 61.17 clinical features 38.38–40 metastases to 62.18 in otomycosis 36.17 hypomelanosis in 58.52 crusted (Norwegian) 38.2, 38.37, 38.39, necrobiosis lipoidica 66.5 scent glands, mammals 42.2 hypothyroidism and 61.17 38.43–6 porokeratosis of Mibelli 66.51 SCF (stem-cell factor) 3.19, 12.24, 12.31 immunology 61.5–6 erythroderma and 23.48 post-irradiation tumours 52.20 Schamberg’s disease 49.22, 49.24, 49.25 inclusion bodies 61.4 keratoderma caused by 19.117 pressure ischaemia 66.53 pigmentation in 58.53 infection and 61.17 diagnosis 38.40–1 pruritus 38.19 treatment 49.26 investigations 61.19–20 differential diagnosis 24.26, 26.29, 26.30 psoriasis 20.14, 20.28, 23.32 Schamroth’s window 65.7 leg ulceration 47.55 elderly people 8.29, 38.40 ringworm see tinea capitis (tinea Schaumann bodies 61.4 lip involvement 69.129 epidemiology 6.2, 38.37–8 tonsurans) Scheie’s syndrome see localization to tattoos 58.58 feline 2.10 sarcoidosis 66.5 mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) main features 61.1 hands 25.15, 25.16 scabies 38.39, 38.44 Schilder’s disease, pigmentation changes malignant disease and 61.17 HIV infection and 35.36 scaling disorders 66.56–7 58.26 mortality 61.19 identifi cation of mites 5.20 scarring follicular keratosis 66.50–1 Schimke immuno-osseous dysplasia 58.23 mucosal involvement 61.15 immunology 38.38 scleroderma 66.48 Schimmelpenning’s syndrome 18.27 muscle involvement 61.7 in infancy and childhood 38.39–40, sebaceous carcinoma 53.17 Schindler disease 59.34 myxoedema and 61.17 38.42 sebaceous glands 42.1 Schinzel syndrome 15.55 nail involvement 61.11, 61.15 institutional outbreaks 38.44–5 seborrhoeic dermatitis 23.30, 66.56–7 Schinzel–Giedion midface-retraction nasal keratoderma caused by 19.117 syringocystadenoma papilliferum syndrome 15.52 rosacea vs 43.5 male genital region 71.34 53.19–20 schistocytes 49.12 see also lupus pernio morphology and biology of mite thickened 66.58–9 Schistosoma haematobium, female genital necrobiosis lipoidica and 61.17, 61.23 38.36–7 trichilemmal cysts 52.46 dermatology 71.69 nervous system involvement 61.7 Panama 6.2, 6.3 scalp–ear–nipple syndrome 15.52 schistosomiasis 37.3, 37.20–2 ocular involvement 61.7, 67.25 persistent nodules 38.42 Scanpor tape 26.85 perianal/perineal involvement 71.95–6 mucous membrane pemphigoid vs prevention 6.3 scar lymphoedema 48.17 schizophrenia 64.17, 64.18 67.20 syphilis vs 34.7 scar sarcoid, in zoster 33.26 diagnostic test 43.16 oral involvement 69.109, 69.119 treatment 38.41–3, 73.13–14 scar tissue schizotripanides 37.32 paraneoplastic 62.40 scabies incognito 38.39 amputees 28.27 schizotrypanosomiasis see porphyria cutanea tarda and 61.18 scalded skin syndrome see toxic differential diagnosis 28.36 trypanosomiasis, pregnancy and 61.8 epidermal necrolysis (TEN) pressure ulcers 28.18 American/South-American primary biliary cirrhosis and 61.18 scalds torture injuries 28.33 Schizotrypanum cruzi (Trypanosoma cruzi) psoriasis and 61.18 wound management 28.84–5 see also scar(s) and scarring 37.31–2 pulmonary 61.6, 61.7 see also burns scar(s) and scarring 14.1 Schmidt’s syndrome 62.13 pyoderma gangrenosum and 61.18 scale, defi nition 5.7 in acne see acne vulgaris Schnitzler’s syndrome 22.23–4, 50.53, race and 9.14 scales adverse/excessive 14.2 62.94 renal involvement 61.7, 62.71 bird 2.3 after cryotherapy for warts 33.49 Schnyder’s syndrome 19.71–2 respiratory tract involvement 62.83 elasmoid 2.2 assessment of severity 14.8 Schoengastia 38.50 reticuloendothelial involvement 61.7 fi sh 2.2 atrophic 45.6 schoolchildren, infections (skin) 8.3 scalp 66.5 placoid 2.2 dystrophic EB 39.18 schools, epidemic hysteria 64.25–6 scar 61.10, 61.12–13 reptile 2.3 generalized non-Herlitz junctional EB Schöpf–Schulz–Passarge syndrome 15.52, staging 61.6 scalp 39.13 19.111, 53.18 subcutaneous 61.13–14 allergic contact dermatitis 26.17–18 treatment in acne 42.68–9 Schwann cells, microscopy 10.35 syphilis and 61.18 aplasia cutis congenita atrophic macular, in acne 42.32 schwannoma 56.46–7 treatment 61.20–1 with epidermal naevi 18.100 cigarette paper 45.33 ancient 56.46 methotrexate 74.20 with limb reduction abnormalities in syphilis 34.12, 34.13 cellular 56.47 TNF antagonists 74.7 18.68, 18.99–100 congenital reticulate 45.6 epithelioid 56.47 vasculitis and 61.17 non-syndromic 18.98–9 defi nition 5.8, 14.7 glandular 56.47 sarcoidosis–lymphoma syndrome 61.17, apocrine tubular adenoma 53.21 dermabrasion 42.69 malignant 56.53 62.40 biopsy 10.32, 10.43 excision 42.68 melanotic 56.47 sarcoids, feline 2.22 in androgenetic alopecia 66.23 features 14.7–8 neuroblastoma-like 56.47 sarcoma in chronic telogen effl uvium 66.31 hypertrophic 14.2, 14.15, 45.54–6 pacinian 56.47 (acral) myxoinfl ammatory fi broblastic in cicatricial alopecia 66.39 acne 42.32 pinna 68.28 56.15 in folliculitis decalvans 66.47 following surgery 77.8, 77.15 plexiform 56.47 clear cell 56.53–4 in trichobezoar 64.32 laser therapy 78.8 Sci-70 antibodies 51.104 epithelioid 56.60–1 cellulitis treatment 73.36 SCID see severe combined Ewing’s, extraosseous 56.54 isotretinoin 74.34 treatment in acne 42.69 immunodefi ciency (SCID) follicular dendritic cell 55.31 see also perifolliculitis capitis ice-pick, in acne 42.33 Scl-70 (topoisomerase 1), localized granulocytic 69.57 abscedens et suffodiens keloid see keloids scleroderma 51.74 histiocytic 55.31 cicatricial pemphigoid 66.49 lymphoedema 48.17 SCLE see subacute cutaneous lupus interdigitating dendritic cell 55.31 congenital melanocytic naevus 54.12 mature 14.7 erythematosus (SCLE) Kaposi see Kaposi’s sarcoma crusted scabies 38.44 non-melanoma skin cancer after 52.11 SCLE-like marginally scaled erythema Langerhans’ cell 55.31 cylindroma 53.28 prevention/reduction 14.8 51.135 low-grade fi bromyxoid 56.22–3 discoid lupus erythematosus 66.43–5 pyoderma faciale 43.14 sclerae, blue 45.34, 45.40, 45.41 proximal-type epithelioid 56.61 dissecting cellulitis 42.74 remodelling 14.7 scleredema see scleroedema see also specifi c forms of sarcoma isotretinoin treatment 42.62 sarcoidosis 61.10, 61.12–13 scleredema diabeticorum 59.79 Sarcophaga 38.8 see also perifolliculitis capitis self-healing epitheliomas 52.9 sclerema neonatorum 17.38–9, 46.16 Sarcophagidae 38.8 abscedens et suffodiens surgical scleroatrophic syndrome of Huriez 45.12 Sarcoptes scabiei 37.1, 38.36–7, 38.43, 38.46 dissecting folliculitis 42.33, 42.74 complications 77.8, 77.9 scleroatrophy, keratoderma with 19.94, see also scabies dysaesthesia 63.23 orientation 77.2, 77.11, 77.13 19.99–100 96 Index scleroderma 51.64 scratching 21.1, 21.2, 21.5 distribution 42.1–2 testosterone synthesis 42.12 aetiology 51.64–5 arthropod bites/stings 38.3 ear 68.1 ultrastructure 42.3–5 bone and joint involvement 62.101, measurement 21.2 ectopic (Fordyce spots) 42.1, 42.86, sebometer 42.7 62.103 in palpation of lesions 5.18 45.21, 69.2, 69.5, 69.22–3 sebopsoriasis 23.32, 36.14 chemical-induced 45.51–3, 75.43 see also pruritus embryology 3.3 seborrhoea 42.79 in children 51.71 screening 6.19 endocrine control of activity 42.9–14, acne vulgaris aetiology 42.20–2, 42.30 collagen formation 12.31 scrofuloderma 31.8, 31.10, 31.14–15, 31.28 42.76 following spinal cord injury 63.17 drug-induced 45.52, 75.42–3 ear involvement 68.20 acne aetiology and 42.20–2 isotretinoin 74.34 exogenous/iatrogenic 51.81–3 following BCG vaccination 31.29 adrenocortical hormones 42.11 Meibomian 67.7, 67.11 drug-associated 51.81 histopathology 31.9 androgens 42.9–11, 42.12 see also sebum, excess production induced by silicone or paraffi n perianal/perineal dermatology 71.95 in cell culture 42.12 seborrhoeic dermatitis 23.29–34, 64.47 implants 51.82 scrotal angiokeratomas 71.12 oestrogens 42.12 in adolescence 8.7 occupational 27.16, 27.17 scrotal cancers 71.43–4 pituitary hormones 42.11–12 aetiology 23.29–30 paraneoplastic 62.40 squamous cell carcinoma 52.25 in pregnancy and lactation 42.12 in candidiasis 36.64 pigmentation changes 58.26 scrotal carcinoma 27.15–16, 52.4 progesterone 42.11 clinical features 23.30–2 in pregnancy 8.12 scrotal tongue see tongue eyelids 67.2 dandruff and 23.29, 23.30 pseudoscleroderma 51.79, 51.120 scrotum free/unrelated to hair follicles 42.1 defi nition 23.29 respiratory tract involvement 62.80, acute 71.28 functions 42.6–7 diagnosis 23.32 62.82 angiokeratoma of Fordyce 18.59 histochemistry 42.3–5 differential diagnosis 26.29 scalp 66.48 biopsy 10.32 homogeneous/heterogeneous outfl ow perioral dermatitis vs 43.11 silicone breast implants and 51.82, 70.7 blue scrotum sign 62.65 42.21 rosacea vs 43.5 silicosis and 51.80 calcinosis 59.69, 71.35–6 hyperplasia 42.86–7 secondary syphilis vs 34.12 skin biopsy 10.42 candidiasis 36.62 female genital region 71.55 in dogs 2.14 systemic see systemic sclerosis ‘dirty’ brown spots 35.33 hypertrophy, ACTH causing 42.11 ear 68.14, 68.23, 68.28 Thibierge–Weissenbach type 47.14 gangrene 71.15 immunocytochemistry 42.3–5 elderly people 8.28 vasculitis and 50.48 lichen simplex 9.14, 71.16 inhibition of activity 42.15–17 eyelids 23.11 see also morphoea scrub itch 38.50–1 isolation methods 42.8 face 23.31 Scleroderma domesticum 38.14 scrub typhus 38.50 mammals 42.2 female genitalia 71.52, 71.58 scleroderma-like lesions scrumpox 33.17 mitotic activity 42.8 fl exures 23.31–2 resulting from epoxy resin 51.80 scurvy see vitamin C, defi ciency neonatal 17.2, 17.4–5 following spinal cord injury 63.17 resulting from organic solvents 51.80 scutula 36.27 nipple 70.1 histopathology 23.30 resulting from pesticides 51.80 Scyphozoa 38.56 in pregnancy 8.10 in HIV infection 23.29, 23.30, 23.32, sclerodermatomyositis, in childhood Scytalidium prepubertal period 42.5, 42.9 35.15–16, 68.28 51.126 diagnosis 36.8 proliferative regions 42.1 haemophilias and drug abusers 35.45 sclerodermiform reactions, vitamin K/B12 differential diagnosis 36.31 prominent 71.11 Malassezia and 36.13 28.44–5 infection caused by 9.12, 36.51–3 regulation 42.3 incidence 23.29 scleroedema 51.118–20 SD (standard deviation) 7.17 retinoid control of activity 42.14–15 infantile 17.28–31, 23.29, 23.34, 24.22, aetiology 51.118 SDZ ASM 981 see pimecrolimus secretion, measurements 42.7–9 24.26 associated conditions 51.119 SE (standard error) 7.18–19 size Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis vs 55.9 of Buschke 51.79 sea anemones 38.55–8 decreased by oestrogens 42.12 light-exacerbated 29.22 clinical features 51.119 sea bathing 28.55 estimation 42.8 differential diagnosis 29.12 differential diagnosis 51.120 sea chervil 38.58 isotretinoin reducing 42.14, 42.58 Malassezia and 17.29, 23.29, 23.30, 36.13, histology 51.118 sea mats 26.10, 38.58 testosterone administration effect 66.56 metachromasia 51.119 sea urchins 38.58–9, 61.22 42.10 male genital region 71.18 treatment 51.120 seabather’s eruption 37.22, 38.56 species-to-species variations 42.8 morphological variants 23.30 scleroedema (of Buschke) 30.12, 62.45 seal bites 38.61 structure 42.1–3 parkinsonism and 23.29 scleroma (rhinoscleroma) 30.51–3, 69.121 seal fi nger 38.61 tumours 42.87, 53.15–18 perianal/perineal dermatology 71.84 scleromalacia perforans 51.131 seasonal allergic conjunctivitis (SAC) multiple benign 53.15 petaloid 23.31 scleromyxoedema 51.79, 59.21–3, 62.45 67.15 see also sebaceous glands, carcinoma pityriasiform 23.31 bone and joint involvement 62.101, clinical features 67.13 ultrastructure 42.3–5 pityriasis rosea vs 33.80 62.105 seatworm 37.13–14 vitamin E secretion 42.7 psoriasiform 17.31, 23.31 respiratory tract involvement 62.83 see also Enterobius vermicularis sebaceous glands of Zeis 67.2 psoriasis and 23.32 scleromyxoedema-like illness of renal sebaceoma 53.15–17 sebaceous keratoacanthoma 53.15 race and 9.6 disease see nephrogenic systemic sebaceous activity, in late childhood and sebaceous naevus of Jadassohn see refractory, HIV infection 35.16 fi brosis puberty 8.2 naevus, sebaceous scalp 23.30, 66.56–7 sclerosants 47.38 sebaceous adenitis, neutrophilic 50.62–3 sebaceous naevus syndrome (epidermal treatment 23.32–3 sclerosing lipogranuloma see sebaceous cells see sebocytes (sebaceous naevus syndrome) 18.27–30, pimecrolimus 73.32 lipogranuloma, sclerosing cells) 54.11 tacrolimus and Kaposi’s sarcoma sclerosing lymphangitis, male genital sebaceous cyst 52.45 sebaceous pilosebaceous unit 3.13 35.36–7 dermatology 71.14 see also epidermoid (‘sebaceous’) cysts sebocystomatosis see steatocystoma trunk 23.31 sclerosis, defi nition 5.8 sebaceous duct 42.1 multiplex seborrhoeic keratosis 52.38–9 sclerotherapy development 42.3 sebocytes (sebaceous cells) aetiology and incidence 52.38 varicose veins 47.24, 47.38 hypercornifi cation, in acne 42.22, 42.23, activity, inhibitors 42.15–17 breast 70.15, 70.16 venous malformations 18.71 42.24 apoptosis 42.15 clinical features 52.38–9 sclerotic cells 36.75, 36.76 sebaceous glands 3.1, 42.1–89, 44.2, 66.2, cell culture, isotretinoin effects 42.58 compound melanocytic naevi vs 54.19 sclerotic fi broma 56.3 66.3 dynamics 42.1, 42.3 cystic 52.39 SCN9A gene mutations 47.9 acini 42.1 hormonal actions 42.10–12 differential diagnosis 52.38, 52.39 SCOFF questionnaire 64.22 acne see acne vulgaris in cell culture 42.12 early SCC vs 52.39 Scoggins type dyskeratosis congenita activity immortalized 42.12, 42.14 eruptive 62.32 15.36 excess, in acne 42.20 isolation methods 42.8 eyelids 52.39, 67.33 scolex 37.24 inhibition 42.15–17 keratin expression 42.12 laser therapy 78.10, 80.11 Scolioidea 38.14 isotretinoin reducing 42.58 lipids 42.3, 42.5 malignancies associated 52.38 scombroid fi sh poisoning, fl ushing 43.16 measurement 42.7–9 surface, changes between birth and melanoma vs 54.38 scopolamine 26.46 adenoma 42.87, 53.15–17, 68.28, 69.23 puberty 42.5–6 number and size, age-related increase Scopulariopsis brevicaulis ageing and 8.24, 80.1 lipogenesis 42.5 52.38 identifi cation 36.8 androgen metabolism and enzymes for hormonal control of 42.10, 42.11, 42.12 pathology 52.39 onychomycosis due to 36.53–4 42.10 maturation prolonged by isotretinoin pinna 68.28 SCORAD (scoring atopic dermatitis) carcinoma 42.87–8, 53.15, 53.17–18, 42.14 solid variant 52.39 64.10 67.10 neurohormones targeting 42.4 treatment 52.39 scorbutus, defi ciency see vitamin C ear 68.34 prepubertal 42.3–4 seborrhoeic warts see seborrhoeic Scorpiones (scorpions) 38.33 eyelids 67.35–6 proliferation 42.1 keratosis scorpionfi sh 38.59 cell culture 42.12 glucocorticoids stimulating 42.11 sebotrophic factor 8.10 SCORTEN prognosis score 76.18–19 cell dynamics 42.1, 42.3 reduced by retinoids 42.14 sebum Scotchcast boot 47.57 see also sebocytes 5α-reductase isoform 42.10 in adolescence 8.6, 8.7 scratch prurigo see dermographism development 3.5, 42.3 terminal differentiation 42.3, 42.15 ageing effects 8.24

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–24.34; Volume 2, pp. 25.1–44.22; Volume 3, pp. 45.1–62.113; Volume 4, pp. 63.1–80.14 Index 97

analysis diffi culties 42.5 psychocutaneous disorders sensorineural hearing loss, enamel mechanical injury 28.34, 28.37–8 biological signifi cance 42.27 body dysmorphic disorder 64.20 hypoplasia and nail defects perianal/perineal dermatology 71.84 biosynthesis 42.5–6 pruritus 64.23–4 15.52 see also child abuse see also sebum, production skin picking 64.28 sensory evoked potentials 63.5 sexual contacts cholesterol 42.5 trichobezoar 64.32 sensory functions of skin 4.1, 4.9–10 management in gonorrhoea 34.28 composition 42.5–6 see also antidepressants ageing effect 8.24 management in syphilis 34.23 in acne 42.22 selenium disulphide 73.13 sensory nerve endings, skin 3.2 sexual development 8.2–3, 8.3 changed by diet/hormones/drugs selenium metabolism 59.76 sensory perception, pressure ulcers 28.21 delayed 8.3 42.6 selenium sulphide sentinel node biopsy 54.51–2 sexual dysfunction, following spinal cord excess production in dermatophytoses 36.49 atypical spitzoid tumours 54.25 injury 63.17 in acne 42.20, 42.79 indications 73.13 breast cancer 48.8 sexually transmitted infections (STIs) mechanisms 42.20 in pityriasis capitis 66.56–7 malignant melanoma 54.39, 54.50, 34.1–37 see also seborrhoea in pityriasis versicolor 36.12 54.51–2, 54.53 adverse pregnancy outcomes 34.1 excretion rate (SER) 42.7, 42.8, 42.22 selenium sulphide shampoo 73.13 Merkel cell carcinoma 53.43 chancroid 34.34–5 acne aetiology and 42.21, 42.22 self-adhesive hydrocolloid dressings 73.4 micrometastases, detection 53.43 child sexual abuse 28.37–8 acromegaly 42.22 Self Administered PASI (SAPASI) 72.9 squamous cell carcinoma in dystrophic chlamydial see chlamydial infections, oral drugs effect on 42.50 self-destruct theory of Lerner, vitiligo EB 39.30 genital formation 3.5 58.47 separation artefact 10.30 donovanosis 34.36–7 functions 42.3, 42.6–7 self-effi cacy 64.5 SEPs (sensory evoked potentials) 63.5 female genital dermatology 71.70–2 fungistatic action 42.7 self-esteem 64.5–6, 64.7 sepsis, purpura fulminans 49.39–40 global burden 34.1 linoleic acid reduction, in acne 42.23, self-fl agellation 28.33 septa 36.2, 36.3 gonorrhoea see gonorrhoea 42.26 self-harm 64.12, 64.45–6 septal panniculitis see under panniculitis herpes simplex 33.15, 33.16, 33.17 lipids 42.5, 42.5, 42.6 in eating disorders 64.21 Septi-Check 31.6 incidence 34.1 in acne 42.22, 42.23 mouth ulcers and 69.43 septicaemia lymphogranuloma venereum 34.23–34 synthesis regulation 42.12 repetitive 64.46 Candida 36.68 male genital dermatology 71.33–5 neonatal secretion 8.2, 17.2 skin injury/disease in adolescents 8.7 following ear piercing 68.7 perianal/perineal dermatology 71.83, outfl ow obstruction, acne pathogenesis substance P 12.66 meningococcal 30.44, 49.20, 62.105 71.93–5 42.24, 42.25 suicidal ideation and 64.45–6 Pseudomonas 30.49, 30.50 screening, in syphilis management in pregnancy 8.10 self-healing epitheliomas 52.9–10 in toxic epidermal necrolysis 76.17–18 34.22 production 42.5–6, 42.11 self-help 6.14 SERCA2, in Darier’s disease 39.32, 39.33 syphilis see syphilis age-related changes 42.9–10 self-help groups 6.14, 64.7, 72.33–4 serglycin 3.46 treatment and prevention 34.1, 34.2 androgens controlling 42.9–11, 42.12, self-infl icted skin injury/disease, serine–threonine kinase gene (STK11/ see also individual infections 42.20, 42.53, 42.79 adolescents 8.7 LKB1) 58.12, 58.13 Sézary cells, in erythrodermic chronic eunuchs 42.10 self-mutilation serological tests, viral infections 33.4, 33.5 actinic dermatitis 29.18 interfollicular variation 42.21 mouth ulcers and 69.43 seroma 48.29–30 Sézary syndrome 57.17–22 measurement 42.7–9 see also self-harm serotonin (5-HT) 38.1 atopic dermatitis and 24.25 men 42.10 self-reported skin disease 6.6 carcinoid tumours 43.18 clinical features 57.17 menstrual cycle effect 42.11 semen, delayed hypersensitivity to 26.19 metabolic pathway 43.18 defi ned 57.17 in rats vs humans, rates 42.8 semicircular lipoatrophy, mechanical release during vascular injury 12.32 dysregulated T-cell signalling pathways reduced by all-trans-RA 42.14, 42.15 injury 28.27 serotonin antagonists, diarrhoea 57.21 reduced by antiandrogens 42.53 semilunar valves 47.25 management in carcinoid electron microscopy 10.30 reduced by isotretinoin 42.14 Senear–Usher syndrome see pemphigus syndrome 43.18, 43.19 erythroderma and 23.48 topical drugs affecting 42.40 erythematosus (Senear–Usher Serratia marcescens, neutrophilic eccrine in HIV infection 35.41 women 42.10 syndrome) hidradenitis and 44.17 immunopathology 57.10, 57.17–18 in seborrhoeic dermatitis 23.29 Sener syndrome 15.52 sertaconazole, topical 73.12 molecular pathogenesis 57.19 triglycerides 42.5, 42.6, 42.22 senescence sertindole 64.52 abnormalities of T-cell activation vacuoles 42.3 of skin 8.21 sertraline 64.50 57.20 volume, at birth and adults 42.9 see also ageing serum amyloid A (SAA) 13.4, 13.19 pruritus in 21.10, 21.11 sebum-absorbent tape (Sebutape®) 42.8 senile comedones see comedones serum amyloid P component (SAP) specifi c chromosomal abnormalities sebum excretion rate (SER) see sebum senile haemangioma (venous lake) 47.16, 59.42–3 57.20 Sebutape® 42.8 69.101 serum opacity factor 30.12 treatment 57.22–9 secondary care 6.15 senile lentigines (age spots) 8.23, 54.3, serum sickness 22.7, 22.18, 75.17, 75.27–8 see also mycosis fungoides secosteroids 73.43–8 58.39 in hepatitis B virus infection 33.60, Shabbir’s syndrome 39.15 Secretan’s syndrome 64.37 senile orbital fat prolapse 67.5 62.59 shagreen patches 15.22, 18.31 Secrétan’s syndrome 48.13 senile purpura 49.15 serum sickness-like syndrome 22.18 shake lotions 73.2 secretory granules 13.4 senile warts see seborrhoeic keratosis Servelle–Martorell syndrome 47.24 shale tars 73.42 secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor senile xerosis see asteatotic eczema sesquiterpene lactones 26.25, 26.75, 26.77 shammah 69.50 14.3 (eczema craquelé) Sessinia 38.27 shampoos 66.96 secretory protease inhibitor 4.5 Sensenbrenner syndrome 15.34, 15.91–2 setae 38.28, 38.29 antieczema 29.22 SED (standard erythema dose) 29.4 sensitive skin 25.2, 25.18–19 Setleis’ syndrome 15.40, 18.103, 45.6 formulations 66.96 sedatives 75.80–2 formulating products for 25.10 severe combined immunodefi ciency medicated 26.18 sedentary lifestyle, cellulite and 46.10 sensitivity (SCID) 13.13, 17.49–50, 17.57–60, in pityriasis capitis 66.56–7 sedge pool itch 37.22 analysis 7.9 69.117 safety 66.96 seed ticks 38.35 clinical 26.12 mouse model 2.14 in seborrhoeic dermatitis 23.32–3 SEER programme 54.32 to cold 28.65–71 mutations 13.8, 13.11 sharks 2.2 segmental Hailey–Hailey disease 39.37 latent 26.12 RAG-1/RAG-2 defects 13.8 shave therapy, venous leg ulcers 47.51 segmental neurofi bromatosis 15.20 patch-test 26.12 Severity Scoring in Atopic Dermatitis shaving, wart transmission 33.40 Seidlmayer’s syndrome (acute threshold of 26.12 (SCORAD) 72.6, 72.9–10, 72.11, SHBG (sex hormone-binding globulin) haemorrhagic oedema of in xeroderma pigmentosum 15.72 72.14, 72.22 42.53, 66.14, 66.81 childhood/infancy) 17.33–4, sensitivity factor attachment protein Seveso 27.13, 75.162 Shea butter 73.6 49.18–19, 50.30 receptor (SNARE) 58.4 sex determination 8.2 shear force, pressure ulcers 28.17, 28.21 Seldinger-type retrograde aortography sensitization sex hormone(s) 74.32 sheep nostril fl y 38.9 47.4 allergic contact dermatitis and 26.1, female, melanoma and 54.56–7 sheep shearing, breast disorders selectin family 12.70–2 26.5–6, 26.6–7, 26.9–10 therapeutic 74.32 associated 70.15 selectins assessment of potential 26.11–12 sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) sheep tick 38.34, 38.35 e-selectin, defi ciency 13.9 to earrings 68.7–8 42.53, 66.14, 66.81 sheet metal workers, occupational l-selectin 13.4, 13.9, 58.26 following patch/photopatch testing sex hormone-related conditions, hair loss hazards 27.20 neutrophils 12.22 26.94–5 in, in animals 2.18 shell nail syndrome 65.8 p-selectin 13.4 risk 26.12 sex-linked genes SHFM (split-hand split-foot syndrome) in wound healing 14.3 sensitizers/sensitizing agents chromosomal abnormalities 15.12–14 15.61, 15.65 selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors children 8.3 defi nition 15.4 Shimpo’s syndrome see POEMS (SSRIs) 64.20, 64.50 occupational 27.3, 27.18–21 sexual abuse syndrome adverse effects 64.50, 75.79–80 in old age 8.28 differential diagnosis 51.117 shingles see zoster doses and indications 64.50 topical 73.39–40 female genital dermatology 71.57 shoemakers, occupational hazards 27.21 in erythromelalgia 47.10 universal 73.39 Koebner phenomenon 51.117 shoes see footwear 98 Index shop assistants, occupational hazards ‘silvery hair’ syndrome 58.42 SKALP/elafi n 3.10 shave biopsy 10.4, 77.12–13 27.21 Simonart’s bands 69.37 skeletal abnormalities epidermolysis bullosa 39.24 short anagen syndrome 66.27 simple lymphatic drainage (SLD) 48.23 genetics 15.17 site of 10.32–3 short-arm deletion syndromes 15.12 simulation of skin disease 64.42–3 ichthyosis and 19.61 specimens see tissue specimens short bowel syndrome Simuliidae (blackfl ies) 37.4, 38.5–6, 38.7 skeletal anomalies–ectodermal dysplasia– techniques 10.3–4, 77.11–13 biotin defi ciencies 59.64 Simulium 38.5–6, 38.7 growth and mental retardation telangiectasia macularis eruptiva genitocrural dermatology 71.7 skin disease in animals 2.11 15.53 perstans 10.43 short stature 8.3 simvastatin 75.156–7 skeletonization, arteriovenous fi stulae urticaria 10.43, 22.3, 22.26 disorders associated 8.3 Sindbis virus 33.66, 33.67 47.21 urticaria pigmentosa 10.43 Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis 55.12 single-gene disorders see genodermatoses skin urticarial vasculitis 22.26, 50.22 pituitary 62.3 single nucleotide polymorphism 11.7, anatomy/organization 3.1–53 vasculitis 50.12 with premature ageing and pigmented 11.13, 11.15 ageing effects 8.22–5 vitiligo 10.42 naevi 45.60 sinus(es) barrier function see barrier function of skin bleaching 58.38, 73.27 short-limbed dwarfi sm with acne vulgaris 42.31, 42.32 skin vitiligo management (hyperpigmented immunodefi ciency 17.64–5 anogenital pilonidal 28.49–50 blood supply 3.2, 3.3, 3.50–2 areas) 58.49 syndromes of 8.3 barber’s hair 28.49 congenital localized absence (Bart’s skin-bleaching preparations 9.8 SHORT syndrome 46.37 branchial (cervical) 18.85–6 syndrome) 18.101, 39.17, 39.18, skin cancer shoulder, surgical excision in area 77.15 cloacal 71.83 39.22 acitretin chemoprophylaxis 74.36 shrinking lungs syndrome 62.82 defi nition 5.8 corticosteroid-induced thinning 73.17 in animals 2.19–20 Shulman’s syndrome 51.86 dental 42.37 development see embryology, of skin comparison with humans 2.21 Shwachman(-Diamond) syndrome 17.75 dermal dimensions 3.1 in elderly people 8.28–9 ichthyosiform erythroderma in 19.61 congenital 63.16 functions 2.8, 3.2–3, 4.1–11 following chemotherapy 75.124 sialidosis 59.32, 59.34 dorsal 18.95–6 as immune system 2.8, 3.16–19 melanoma see melanoma, malignant prenatal diagnosis 16.3 dermoid, congenital 18.88–9 from infancy to old age 8.1–29 non-melanoma see non-melanoma skin Siamese fi ghting fi sh 13.31 dorsal dermal 18.95–6 maintenance 3.5–7 cancer (NMSC) SIAoscopy (spectrophotometric image genitoperineal raphe 18.94–5 objective assessment 72.11 occupational 27.15–16 analysis of pigmented lesions) hair, of breast 70.15 psychological signifi cance 64.1–2 registration data 6.6 5.20 hair as a foreign body 28.49–50 regional variation 3.3 see also specifi c cancers Siascope 54.38 lips 18.3, 18.90–2, 69.40–1 surface area, between birth and skin cleansers, as irritants 25.20 Siberian tick typhus 38.34, 38.35 milker’s 28.49 maturity 8.1 skin colour sibutramine 75.89 pilonidal 71.87, 71.88, 71.101, 78.12 water content, changes with ageing measurement 72.11 Sicariidae 38.31, 38.32 preauricular 18.83–4, 68.4 8.22, 8.27 melanin see melanin(s) sick building syndrome 64.26 pressure ulcers 28.20 skin-ache syndrome 63.24 non-melanin pigmentation 58.53–4 sick-cell syndrome 45.23 umbilical–urachal 18.94 skin appendage tumours 53.1–44 see also pigmentation sickle cell disease 62.85–6 sinus histiocytosis with massive see also adnexal tumours skin-derived precursors (SKPs) 3.7 leg ulceration 47.56, 49.47 lymphadenopathy (SHML; skin-associated lymphoid tissue (SALT) Skin Disorders Specialist Library 7.6 oral involvement 69.116 Rosai–Dorfman disease) 57.2 skin equivalents 14.26 pigmentation in 58.53 55.29–30 skin bioequivalents, use in dystrophic EB in burns 14.11 race and 9.12 extranodal 55.29 39.29–30 skin failure 4.1, 4.7 treatment 49.47 with neutrophilic predominance 50.62 skin biopsy 10.1–2 skin fl aps 77.23–8 venous leg ulcers 47.43 pure cutaneous 55.29 actinic granuloma 45.29 advancement 77.24–5, 77.28 sickness behaviour 64.8 sinusoidal haematolymphoid malignancy actinic keratosis 10.42 axial pattern 77.23 Sickness Impact Profi le (SIP) 72.16 55.32–3 amyloidosis 10.42 bilobed 77.25 sickness role 64.35–6 Siphonaptera see fl ea(s) argyria 10.42 complications 77.26, 77.27 SIFT (skin integrity function test) 25.9 Siphonophora 38.55 artefacts 10.7, 10.8, 10.30–1 distant 77.23 ‘sign of the groove’ 34.33 Siphunculina 38.6 atrophoderma 10.42–3 free 77.23 signal recognition particle (SRP) 51.128 Sipple syndrome (MEN type 2A) 62.24 blue naevus 10.43 interpolation 77.26, 77.27, 77.28 signalling Sipple’s syndrome (multiple mucosal café-au-lait spots 10.42 island pedicle 77.26, 77.28 imiquimod and Toll-like receptors 73.24 neuroma) 56.45 connective tissue disease 10.42–3 local 77.23 innate immunity and antimicrobial sirolimus (rapamycin) 13.25, 74.25, 75.138 consent to 10.2 nasolabial fold 77.25, 77.28 peptides 3.16, 3.17 sissoo 26.80 contraindications 10.2, 10.3 pedicle 77.26, 77.27, 77.28 Langerhans’ cells migration 55.4 Sister Mary Joseph’s nodule 62.18, 62.66 curettage 10.4 random pattern 77.23 melanocyte development 58.3 Sistrunk procedure 48.25 dermal deposits 10.42 reticular 77.23 melanocytes 3.21 sitosterolaemia 59.91 dermatitis artefacta 64.40 rotation 77.24, 77.25, 77.28 skin development 3.3–5 Six Area Six Sign Atopic Dermatitis diagnostic 10.2 segmental 77.23 stem cells 3.6–7 (SASSAD) score 72.10 elliptical incisional/excisional 10.3, transposition 77.25, 77.26, 77.28 ‘signature’ mutations 52.13 Sjögren–Larsson syndrome (SLS) 19.3, 77.11 skin fl ora see bacteria, fl ora (normal skin) signe de la bandera 66.94 19.42–5 epidermolysis bullosa 39.21, 39.24 skin fragility disorders see epidermolysis sildenafi l 75.99 prenatal diagnosis 16.3 fetal 16.5–7 bullosa (EB) fl ushing associated 43.15 Sjögren’s syndrome 51.134 freckles 10.42 skin grafts 77.20–3 silicates, sarcoidal reaction to 61.22 aetiology 51.134–5 frozen sections 10.6 acne scars 77.22 silicon dioxide 27.17 annular erythema in 62.109 fungal infection 10.42 allografts 14.26 silicone associated with SLE 51.138 granuloma annulare 10.43 animal models 2.7–8 foreign body reactions to 28.46 in childhood 51.136 haemochromatosis 10.42 autografts 14.26 organic 25.21 classifi cation criteria 51.134 ichthyosis vulgaris 10.42 autologous split-thickness, in panniculitis due to 46.28 clinical features and pathology indications 10.1–2 dystrophic EB 39.29 silicone breast implants 51.82, 51.90, 51.135–6 instruments 10.3 composite 77.20 51.111, 70.7–8 diagnosis 51.137 laboratory methods 10.6–11 dressings 77.17, 77.20 foreign body reactions 28.46 with endocrine autoimmune conditions leprosy 32.15 in dystrophic EB 39.29–30 scleroderma 51.82 62.13 local anaesthesia 10.2 epidermal 77.21 silicone gels and dressing 73.51 hyperglobulinaemic purpura 51.136 lymphoedema 48.19 full-thickness 77.20, 77.21–2 silicosis, associated with scleroderma immunity and 13.2 mastocytoma 10.43, 22.34 hair 66.23–4 51.80 immunoglobulins in 13.7, 51.105 mastocytosis 22.34 in vitro culture see skin equivalents silver laboratory abnormalities 51.136–7 Mongolian spot 10.43 lymphatic vessel role after 48.6 pigmentation due to 58.54 ocular involvement 67.25 multiple 10.2 meshed 47.51, 77.20, 77.23 see also argyria ocular mucous membrane pemphigoid needle 10.4 mini-grafts 77.21 silver acetate 58.54 vs 67.20 peripheral neuropathy 63.11–12 pinch 14.25, 47.51, 77.20–1 silver nitrate 73.16, 77.47, 77.50 primary biliary cirrhosis and 62.62 pigmentary disorders 10.42 punch 77.21, 77.22 hair dye 66.97 respiratory tract involvement 62.82 porokeratosis 10.42 split-skin 10.19, 14.25, 77.20, 77.23 wart treatment 33.49 sarcoidosis and 61.7 punch biopsy 10.3–4, 50.12, 77.11–12 venous leg ulcers 47.49, 47.51–2 silver sulfadiazine 14.11, 14.21, 73.11, in systemic sclerosis 51.105 sarcoidosis 61.19 in vitiligo 58.49, 77.21–2 74.39, 75.166 treatment 51.137–8 scalp 10.32, 10.43 skin injury see mechanical injury; thermal burns 28.85–6 chloroquine 51.138 scleroderma 10.42 injury epidermolysis bullosa management vasculitis and 50.49, 50.52–3 sections revealing little/no abnormality skin integrity function test 25.9 39.28 SJS see Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) 10.42–3 skin lightening agents 73.26, 73.27

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–24.34; Volume 2, pp. 25.1–44.22; Volume 3, pp. 45.1–62.113; Volume 4, pp. 63.1–80.14 Index 99

skin phototypes 29.6, 29.8 smoker’s keratoses 69.90 sodium silicate 25.20 sparganosis 37.26–7 skin sensitivity see sensitivity smoker’s melanosis 69.96 sodium stibogluconate 37.39 sparganum proliferum 37.26 skin snips, in onchocerciasis 37.7 ‘smoker’s patches’ 41.9 sodium tetrachlorophenate 27.13 SPCA1 39.32, 39.35 skin surface cooling 80.10–11 smoking 20.4 sodium tetradecyl sulphate (STD) 47.39 spearmint oil 26.17 skin tags 52.40–1, 59.79, 62.58 acne and 42.34–5 sodium thiosulphate 49.48 specialized burns units 28.80, 28.82 female genitalia 71.72 actinic elastosis and 45.27 sodium valproate 64.52 specialized support systems 28.20, 28.22 peri-auricular 68.4 cessation, claudication treatment 47.5 adverse effects 75.86 specifi c granules 13.4 pregnancy 8.13 cigars 69.90 scleroderma 45.52 defi ciency 12.23 skin tension lines, scar orientation and cold-induced injury 28.64 in zoster and post-herpetic neuralgia SPECT, invasive otitis externa 68.26 77.2, 77.11, 77.13 hair colour and 66.95 33.28 spectacle-frame acanthoma 28.29–30, 68.9 skin testing 5.22–4 male genital dermatology 71.40 sodoku 30.67 spectacle frames, dermatitis 26.16, 26.17 delayed tests 5.24 mechanical injury 28.8 soframycin, topical 73.10 spectinomycin 74.42 drugs 75.168–73 oral keratoses and 69.90 soft palate 69.2 spectral irradiance 29.3 in vitro 26.98, 75.173–5 oral melanosis and 69.96 soft sore see chancroid spectrophotometric image analysis of intradermal/intracutaneous tests 5.22– pigmented melanotic macules 54.6 soft-tissue fi llers 75.156 pigmented lesions 5.20 4, 26.97 pipes 69.90 soft-tissue infections, HIV infection 35.24 spectroradiometer 29.3 drugs 75.168–9 reverse 69.90, 69.96 soft-tissue tumours 56.1–62 spermatogenesis 8.4 leukocyte procoagulant activity 26.98 skin ageing and 80.2 soft warts see skin tags drug effects on 75.11 lymphocyte transformation tests 26.98 skin fl ap necrosis and 77.26, 77.27 solar comedones, acne with 42.79 SPF see sun protection factor (SPF) migration inhibition test 26.98 telangiectases due to 47.13 solar elastosis, in rosacea 43.4 spheroids 45.33 modifi ed prick test 5.23 ulcerative colitis and 50.66 solar keratosis see actinic keratosis spherules 36.85 patch testing see patch test wound healing and 14.19 solar lentigo see under lentigines spherulin 36.86 photopatch test 26.84, 26.93–4, 29.24 wrinkles and 45.2 solar purpura 49.17 sphingolipidoses, classifi cation 59.33 complications 26.94–5 smooth muscle solar simulated radiation (SSR) 29.5 sphingolipids 4.2 cosmetics 26.49 hyperplasia 47.52 solar urticaria (SU) 22.13, 22.16–17, 29.10, spices, as irritants 25.21 indications 26.93 origin 12.30 29.19–20 spicules 38.28 protocols 26.93 smooth muscle cells clinical features 29.10, 29.19, 29.23 spider angioma 47.14–15, 47.20, 62.64, readings 26.94 arteriole walls 3.51 defi nition and aetiology 29.19 78.7 test materials 26.94 microscopy 10.35 diagnosis 29.10, 29.23 in pregnancy 8.10, 47.14, 47.15 pre-employment 27.8 snake(s) 2.9 differential diagnosis 29.10, 29.12, 29.23 spider mites 38.48 prick test 5.23, 13.16 epidermis 2.3 fi xed 29.19 spiders 38.30–3 anaphylaxis and 22.26 glands 2.4 idiopathic 29.19 Spiegler–Fendt sarcoid 57.59 in atopic dermatitis 24.10–11 mites 38.51 Solenopsis (fi re ant) 38.14 differential diagnosis 51.7 drugs 75.168–9 skin infections 2.12 soles Spiegler’s tumour 53.28–9 to food 26.106 snake bites 38.60 biopsy 10.32 spina bifi da 18.95, 18.96, 63.15–16 occupational dermatoses 27.7 snake envenomation 48.5 hairy malformation 18.14 spinal accessory nerve 77.3–4 oral allergy syndrome 22.20 snakehead 31.31 hyperpigmentation 9.2, 9.3 spinal cord urticaria 22.19, 22.26 SNARE 58.4 juvenile plantar dermatosis 23.26 development 63.15 repeat open application tests (ROAT) Sneddon’s syndrome 49.42–4, 50.54 lichen nitidus 41.22 implantable stimulator 47.8 26.49, 26.97 clinical features 49.43 lichen planus 26.29, 41.7, 41.8, 41.14 injury 44.9, 63.17 scratch test 5.23 Sneddon–Wilkinson disease see melanocytic naevi 54.17–18 pressure ulcers 28.17 to food 26.106 subcorneal pustular dermatosis melanoma 54.44, 54.45 tethering 63.15 skin window technique 5.23 snip excision 77.34 psoriasis 20.15 spinal dysraphism 18.95–8, 63.15–17 spot tests 26.99 snipe fl ies 38.6 seed-like keratoses 62.33 spinal muscular atrophy, with autosomal in urticaria 75.173 ‘snow nose’ 2.23 vesicular eczema see pompholyx recessive EB simplex 39.8 usage tests 26.97 snowfl ake sign 16.7 warts see wart(s), plantar spindle and epithelioid cell naevus see skin thickening SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) solid phase assays 13.19 naevus, Spitz lymphoedema 48.8, 48.14, 48.17 11.7, 11.13, 11.15 solitary epithelioid histiocytoma 55.23, spindle cell carcinoma 97.18 mechanical injury 28.28 snuff-dipper’s keratoses 69.90 55.24 spindle cell naevus of Reed 54.22, 54.23 skin thickness ‘snuffl es,’ congenital syphilis 34.15 solitary plaque-like telangiectatic spindle cell tumours, Kaposi’s sarcoma in irritant contact dermatitis 25.22 soap glomangioma 47.20 35.36 measurement 72.11 avoidance in atopic dermatitis 73.31 soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitivity spines Skindex 72.17, 72.18 as irritant 25.20 factor attachment protein animals 2.3 Skindex-29 64.10 soap substitutes 23.21, 25.25, 73.31 receptor (SNARE) 58.4 caterpillar 38.29 skinfold thickness 46.5 Social Exclusion Theory 64.7 soluble oil dermatitis 27.4, 27.5, 27.6 sea urchin 38.58 skin–psyche interactions 64.3–4 social factors somatic mutation theory 52.10 SPINK5 gene 12.25, 24.4, 66.65 SLAM (CD150), measles virus receptor in diagnosis 5.5 somatic mutations 15.5 Netherton’s syndrome 12.25, 12.50 33.75 venous leg ulcers 47.43–4 somatostatin 4.10 spinous layer 3.1 SLAM-associated protein 13.6 socio-economic status in atopic dermatitis 24.17 spiny dogfi sh 38.59 ‘slapped cheek’ appearance (fi fth disease) allergic contact dermatitis and 26.10 effects 12.64–5 spiradenocarcinoma 53.34 5.10, 33.62, 33.63 risk factor for skin disease 6.12 growth and 8.2 spiradenoma 53.2, 53.29–30 see also parvovirus B19 infection syphilis and 34.2 in psoriasis 20.42 cylindroma overlap 53.29 SLC24A5 gene 3.20 sociocultural factors 64.1–2, 64.6, 64.7, 64.18 somatotrophin see growth hormone eccrine 53.29–30 SLD (simple lymphatic drainage) 48.23 sociosexual communication 4.11 sonic hedgehog (Shh) 3.4, 53.2 malignant 53.30, 53.34 SLE see systemic lupus erythematosus soda ash 25.20 hair growth and 66.10 spiramycin 75.58 (SLE) sodium, in sweat 44.5–6 soot, carcinogenicity 27.15–16 Spirillium minor 30.62, 30.67 sleeping sickness (African sodium aurothiomalate 74.29–30 sorafenib 75.132 spirochaetes 30.62–6 trypanosomiasis) 37.2, 37.29–31 fl ushing associated 43.15 sorbic acid 25.18, 26.58, 73.8 Treponema pallidum see Treponema slit-skin smear see also gold therapy sores, pressure see pressure ulcers pallidum in leishmaniasis 37.38 sodium benzoate 22.26, 25.18, 75.159 sortography, Seldinger-type retrograde Treponema pallidum differentiation 34.4 in leprosy 32.15 sodium bicarbonate, in acid burns 27.12 47.4 Spirometra 37.16, 37.24, 37.26–7 in post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis sodium carbonate 25.19 SOS1 gene 15.15 spironolactone 74.32 37.42 sodium cromoglycate Southern blotting 11.5–6 in acne vulgaris 42.53 SLP-76 defi ciency 48.2 adverse effects 26.46, 75.99 Southern tick-associated rash illness 38.35 adverse effects 26.46, 42.53, 70.4, 70.5, SLS see Sjögren–Larsson syndrome (SLS) in atopic eye disease 67.15 sowda 37.5 75.97 Smad-4 3.4 in mastocytosis 22.35 Sox10/SOX10 gene 58.3 in androgenetic alopecia 66.25 Smad-7 3.4 mechanism of action 73.51 mutation 2.7 in hirsutism 66.88 Smad protein family 14.3, 14.7, 14.8, 51.65 topical therapy 73.51–2 Waardenburg’s syndrome 58.44 sebaceous gland activity inhibition small proline-rich proteins (SPR1) 3.10 sodium hydroxide SOX18 mutations 48.10 42.16 small vessel vasculitis 12.32, 62.82 burns due to 27.12 soybean oil 38.5 spitting cobra 38.60 smallpox (variola) 33.5, 33.6 as irritant 25.19, 25.20 Sp1 14.6 Spitz naevus see naevus, Spitz diagnosis 33.5 sodium hypochlorite 25.21 Spaniopsis 38.6 Spitz tumour see naevus, Spitz smear tests, vaginal discharge 71.53 sodium lauryl sulphate 25.3, 25.4–5 Spanish fl y see cantharidin spitzoid tumour, atypical 54.21, 54.25, Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome, prenatal preservatives with 26.50 Sparassidae 38.32 54.25 diagnosis 16.3 skin irritation thresholds 25.25 spargana 37.26 spleen, role in immunity 13.8 100 Index splenectomy, idiopathic extension 52.26 squaric acid dibutylester (SADE) 66.37 in cellulitis 30.17–18 thrombocytopenic purpura 49.10 external auditory canal 68.32–3 sensitization by 73.39 in chancriform pyoderma 30.77 splenomegaly eyelids 67.35, 67.36 squirting papilla 23.30 colonization of diseased skin 30.7 in myeloproliferative disorders 49.29 feline 2.19 SSR (sympathetic skin response) 63.4 reduced by corticosteroids 73.18 thrombocytopenia due to 49.11–12 female genital region 51.116, 71.63, SSRIs see selective serotonin reuptake cutaneous infection 30.8–9 splinter haemorrhage 65.15, 65.18 71.66, 71.76 inhibitors (SSRIs) in dermatitis vegetans 30.77 nails 3.15 genetics 11.18, 52.12 SSSS see staphylococcal scalded skin dissemination 30.4 in psoriasis 65.24–5 in Hailey–Hailey disease 39.35 syndrome (SSSS) ear infection 68.19, 68.21, 68.22 split-hand split-foot (SHFM) syndrome HIV infection and 35.39 St John’s wort 72.29, 75.160, 75.162 in ectodermal dysplasias 15.60 15.61, 15.65 HPV infection and 33.55, 52.5–6, 52.6, stab wounds, torture injuries 28.33 in erysipelas 30.17–18 split-skin technique 10.19, 14.25, 77.20, 52.14 stable fl y 38.6, 38.7 exotoxins 24.8 77.23 immunosuppression for organ staining female genital infection 71.67, 71.70 spondylitis, ankylosing see ankylosing transplants and 52.26–7 antigen non-specifi c 10.14 fi ssure of lower lip 30.32 spondylitis in situ, Bowenoid papulosis of genitalia artefacts due to 10.31 folliculitis 30.22, 42.74, 67.11 sponges 38.59 as 52.37 fungi 10.8, 10.9, 10.10, 36.7, 36.70 foreign bodies 28.52 spongiosis 10.41, 23.1 incidence 52.2, 52.24 immunoenzyme methods 10.16–17 in furunculosis 30.23 in eczema 23.3–4 infl ammatory reaction 52.25, 52.26 immunofl uorescence methods 10.13–14 gastrointestinal carriage 30.7 eosinophilic 40.11, 40.15 intermediate stages not always found tissue specimens 10.8–11 genitocrural dermatology 71.5, 71.17 in irritant contact dermatitis 25.4 52.29 standard deviation 7.17 in hidradenitis suppurativa 30.79–80 neutrophilic 50.63, 50.89, 50.90 invasive 52.25 standard error 7.18–19 HIV infection and 30.7, 30.8, 35.24, in seborrhoeic dermatitis 23.30 lichen planus complication 41.15 standard erythema dose (SED) 29.4 35.45 spontaneous gangrene 71.100 lips 69.42, 69.49–50, 79.10, 79.11 stanozolol 49.34 in impetigo 30.14, 30.15 spooning 49.16, 62.85 loss of heterogeneity events 52.12 acneiform eruptions due to 42.72 intravenous drug abuse and 28.52 sporangiophore 36.3 lupus vulgaris and 31.18, 31.21 prophylactic, in hereditary angio- in invasive otitis externa 68.25 Sporothrix schenckii 36.70, 36.71–2 lymph node involvement 79.10–11 oedema 22.22 Kawasaki disease and 50.45 sporotrichosis 36.70–2 lymphangioma circumscriptum and in sclerosing panniculitis in malakoplakia 55.27 aetiology 36.70 48.26 (lipodermatosclerosis) 46.30–1 methicillin-resistant (MRSA) see clinical features 36.70–1 male genital region 71.22, 71.39–46 in venous leg ulcers 47.49 methicillin-resistant cutaneous 36.70–1 management principles 52.17 Staphylinidae 38.26–7 Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) defi nition 36.70 mechanical injury 28.62 staphylococcal blepharitis see blepharitis, mupirocin-resistant 39.28 differential diagnosis 36.71 metastases 52.26, 52.27 staphylococcal nasal carriage 30.4, 30.6–7 fi xed 36.71 in dystrophic EB 39.19, 39.30 staphylococcal erythrogenic toxin 30.8 neonatal carriage 30.4–5, 30.6 histology 36.70, 36.71 prediction of 52.26 staphylococcal pyoderma see pyoderma, neonatal infection 17.42–4 in HIV infection 35.26, 35.34 risk factors 52.27 staphylococcal in neuropathic ulcers 63.9 laboratory diagnosis 36.71–2 mitotic fi gures 52.26 staphylococcal ring 2.11 normal skin fl ora 30.1, 30.4 lymphangitic 36.71 mortality 52.2 staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome elderly men 30.4 systemic 36.70, 36.71 nail apparatus 65.37–8 (SSSS) 28.92, 30.14, 30.30 in normal skin fl ora 30.3, 30.4 treatment 36.72 oral 69.49–53 desmoglein 1 (Desg1) disruption 3.22 in otitis externa 68.21, 68.22 sports injuries, mechanical injury 28.30–2, p53 gene mutations 52.12 differential diagnosis 76.15, 76.19 paronychia due to 30.32, 65.21 28.53–6 papillomatous 52.25 in HIV infection 35.24 perianal/perineal infections 71.92 spotted fevers 30.73–4 pathology 52.25–6 neonatal 17.42–3 in periporitis staphylogenes 30.32 Spred/Sprouty family, proteins 48.2 perianal/perineal 71.97 Staphylococcus production of biologically active spruce 26.81 photodamage associated 52.24 burns, infections 28.85, 28.92 substances 30.7–8 spurge 25.21, 26.16 pilonidal sinus 28.50 classifi cation 30.2–3 resistance to infection 30.8 ‘spy in the tube’ 72.5 pinna 68.30–2 coagulase-negative 30.4, 30.10–11 scalp folliculitis 42.74 squalene precancerous conditions 52.25, 52.28 normal skin fl ora 30.3 in scarlet fever 30.7–8, 65.21 in sebum 42.5, 42.22 presentation as paronychia 65.21–2 coagulase-positive see Staphylococcus skin free fatty acid effect on 42.7 in acne 42.22, 42.23 pressure ulcers 28.20 aureus in staphylococcal scalded skin toxicity 73.12 prevention 52.28 in ecthyma 30.17 syndrome 30.30 squalene epoxidase 73.12 in dystrophic EB 39.31 erythrogenic toxin 30.8 strain 502A 30.7 Squalus acanthias 38.59 by sunscreens 29.9 exotoxins 24.8 in subacute bacterial endocarditis 62.78 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) 52.2, prolidase defi ciency and 47.54 damage to desmogleins 40.2 in superfi cial folliculitis 30.22 52.24–9 PUVA associated 52.4 infections surface components 30.7 actinic keratosis progression 52.29, race and 9.18 animals 2.11–12 in sycosis 30.25 52.30, 52.31 radiation-induced 79.18 of eyes 67.26–7 therapy, topical antibiotics 73.9, 73.10 aetiology 52.24 recessive dystrophic EBV and 52.11 in HIV infection 35.24 in toxic shock syndrome 30.31 after chemotherapy 75.124 recurrence/recurrent 52.27, 79.17–18 male genital 71.29–30 in tropical ulcer 30.60 aggressive cutaneous, management risk factors 52.24 perianal/perineal 71.85, 71.91–2 umbilical infections 30.4–5, 30.6 52.27, 52.28 scrotal 27.15–16, 52.25 topical antibiotic therapy 73.9, 73.10, venous leg ulcer infections 47.44 allelotype analysis 52.12 sites 52.25 73.11 in Wegener’s granulomatosis 50.39, anaplastic 52.26 sun exposure patterns 52.3 neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis and 50.55 basal cell carcinoma ratio 52.2, 52.26 sunscreen use and 73.41 44.17 wound infection 14.16 Bowen’s disease progression 52.27, in transplant recipients 62.74–5, 79.13 in normal skin fl ora 30.2, 30.3, 68.2 see also methicillin-resistant 52.29 treatment 52.27–8 pyoderma see pyoderma, Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) burns 28.91 adjuvant chemotherapy 52.28 staphylococcal Staphylococcus capitis 30.3 canine 2.19 curettage 77.41, 77.44 Staphylococcus albus, paronychia due to Staphylococcus cohnii 30.3 chemical carcinogens 52.4–5 destructive therapies 52.27 65.21 Staphylococcus epidermidis 30.3, 30.11, clinical course 52.25 Mohs micrographic surgery 52.27, Staphylococcus aureus 30.6–10 42.24 clinical features 52.24–5 77.32 in acne necrotica varioliformis 30.26, acne aetiology and 42.24 de novo 52.26 radiotherapy 52.27, 68.31, 79.5–7, 30.27 blepharitis 67.6, 67.11 defi nition 52.24 79.8–12, 79.13 animal infections 2.11, 2.12 cellulitis 30.18 diagnosis 52.27 surgery 77.15, 79.5, 79.6 antibiotic resistance 30.9 folliculitis 42.36, 42.84 differential diagnosis, keratoacanthoma ulceration 52.25 antibodies to 30.8 growth inhibition by azelaic acid 73.28 vs 52.26, 52.27, 52.43 ultraviolet radiation and 29.7, 52.3, atopic dermatitis and 24.8, 24.10, 24.12, in invasive otitis externa 68.25 diseases associated 52.24 52.24, 52.27 30.7, 30.8–9 in miliaria rubra 44.15 in dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa UVB phototherapy associated 52.4 bacterial interference 30.7 in normal skin fl ora 30.3, 68.2 39.17, 39.19, 39.30 verrucous 52.26 blepharitis 30.32, 67.6, 67.11 in pyoderma faciale 43.14 early 52.31 vulva 51.116 in botryomycosis 30.67 Staphylococcus haemolyticus 30.3 seborrhoeic keratosis vs 52.39 well-differentiated 52.25–6 breast abscess and 70.13 Staphylococcus hominis 30.3 in epidermodysplasia verruciformis see also non-melanoma skin cancer in carbuncle 30.24 Staphylococcus hyicus 2.11, 2.12 33.57–8 (NMSC) carriage/carriers 30.6–7 Staphylococcus intermedius, animal in epidermolysis bullosa squamous cell papilloma, pinna 68.28 gastrointestinal 30.7 infections 2.12 dystrophic 39.17, 39.19, 39.30 ‘squamous eddies’ 53.2 nasal 30.4, 30.6–7 Staphylococcus pseudintermedius 2.11, 2.12 Herlitz junctional EB 39.12 squamous hyperplasia, male genital neonatal 30.4–5, 30.6 Staphylococcus saccharolyticus 30.2 erythema ab igne and 52.24 dermatology 71.37 suppression 30.7 Staphylococcus saprophyticus 30.3, 30.11

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–24.34; Volume 2, pp. 25.1–44.22; Volume 3, pp. 45.1–62.113; Volume 4, pp. 63.1–80.14 Index 101

Staphylococcus simulans 30.3 sterol, synthesis in epidermis 3.11 recurrent aphthous 69.44–6, 69.48 perianal/perineal infection 71.92 Staphylococcus warneri 30.3 Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) 69.69, vesicular 33.74 pyoderma due to 30.14, 30.15, 30.16, Staphylococcus xylosus 30.3 76.8–22 coxsackievirus infections 33.71, 33.72 30.33 starch pastes 73.2 aetiology 76.9–15 hand, foot and mouth disease 33.71 erythromycin 74.42 starch powders 73.2, 73.8 in animals 2.17 stomatitis nicotina 69.90 serology 30.13 starch/iodine test 44.4, 44.5 cheilitis in 69.121 Stomoxys calcitrans (stable fl y) 38.6, 38.7 urticaria following infection 22.8 stargazers 38.59 clinical features 76.16–17 stonefi sh 38.59 Streptococcus faecalis, female genital STARI (Southern tick-associated rash conjunctival damage 67.20 storax 26.40 infection 71.68 illness) 38.35 defi nition 76.1 storiform patterning 10.38, 10.41–2 Streptococcus milleri 30.80 starvation diagnosis 76.19–20 stork bite/mark (salmon patch) 18.62–3 female genital infection 71.67 acne and 42.34 drug-induced 42.51, 76.4, 76.11–12 Stormorken’s syndrome 19.62 perianal/perineal infection 71.88 gynaecomastia and 70.4 antiretroviral drugs causing 35.7 strangulation of the penis 28.38, 71.14 Streptococcus pneumoniae sebum synthesis rate 42.6 genetic markers 72.30 stratum basale 3.8 in ectodermal dysplasias 15.60 STAT kinase 13.11 HIV infection 35.7, 35.20 structure 3.8 in erysipelas 30.18 STAT3 66.10 immunology 76.9–10 stratum compactum 4.2 in orbital cellulitis 30.18 statins 59.93 incidence 76.8–9 stratum corneum 3.1, 3.8, 3.10, 4.4 Streptococcus pyogenes 30.4, 30.11–12 adverse effects 75.156–7 male genital involvement 71.25 absorption through 4.4–5 in blepharitis 30.32 claudication management 47.5 Mycoplasma and 30.69, 62.80 ageing 4.11 burns 28.85 statistical methods 7.19–22 ocular complications 67.20, 67.21, 76.16 assembly/formation 3.10–11 carriage 30.11–12 statue eye 40.39 management 67.22–3 bacterial fl ora 30.2 management 30.12 stavudine, photosensitivity due to 35.22 pathology 76.15 barrier function 3.2–3, 4.2, 4.3 complications of infection 30.12 stearyl alcohols 73.7 perianal/perineal involvement 71.91 composition 3.10–11 control of epidemics 30.12 stearyl amine 25.20 pharmacogenetics 76.10–11 corticosteroid diffusion 73.16 in dermatitis vegetans 30.77 steatocystoma multiplex 42.88, 52.47 post-measles vaccination 33.75 ear 68.1 in ecthyma 30.17 familial 42.88 pregnancy and 8.12 effects of wetness 17.23 exotoxins 30.11 histogenesis 52.45 prevention 76.22 glabrous skin 3.3 growth inhibition by free fatty acids on isotretinoin treatment 42.62 prognosis 76.18–19 in irritant contact dermatitis 25.2, 25.8–9 skin 30.4 steatopyga 46.46 terminology 76.1 mechanical function and properties 4.8 in HIV infection 35.24 Steel factor (mast cell growth factor/stem treatment 76.20–2 mechanical injury 28.5, 28.6–7 initiation of infection 30.12 cell factor (M/SCF)) see stem-cell in varicella 33.25 neonatal 17.1–2 Kawasaki disease and 50.45 factor (SCF) Stewart–Bluefarb syndrome 47.22 precursors and formation 3.10 M proteins 30.11 stele 66.7 Stewart–Treves syndrome 48.15, 48.31, racial variations 9.2, 9.13 male genital infection 71.30 stellae 66.21, 66.38 56.37, 56.38 structure 3.1, 3.8, 3.10 in nasal vestibule 30.4 stellate bodies 61.4 Stickler syndrome 15.46 two-compartment model 4.2 perianal infection 30.32–3 bullous dermolysis of the newborn stiff baby syndrome 19.14 stratum corneum tryptic enzyme (SCTE) scarlet fever and 30.16, 30.34 39.23, 39.25 stiff skin syndromes, infantile 45.50–1 12.5, 43.2 skin strain 30.12 stellate cells 3.3 stigma 64.2, 64.6–8 stratum dysjunctum 4.2 superinfection of chromic acid burns stem cell(s) 3.5–6, 13.7 leprosy and 32.1 stratum germinativum (basale) 3.8 27.12 bulge 3.6 skin disease in old age 8.25 stratum granulosum 3.8, 3.10 T proteins 30.11 CD34+ pluripotent 3.19 Stigma Scale of mental illness 64.7–8 ear 68.1 throat strain 30.12 embryonic (pluripotent) 3.7 stigmata 49.16 stratum intermedium 42.3 topical therapy 73.10 epithelial 3.5–6 stilbenes 26.79 stratum lucidum 3.9 toxic shock syndrome and 30.31 asymmetrical division 3.6, 3.7 stilboestrol, adverse effects 70.5 stratum spinosum 3.8, 4.2 umbilicus 30.5 haematopoietic see haematopoietic stem stillbirths, congenital syphilis 34.15 structure 3.8 vulvovaginitis 30.32 cell(s) Still’s disease straw itch 38.48 Streptococcus viridans 30.13 hair follicle 3.6, 3.7, 66.3, 66.9 adult-onset 51.134, 62.104 strawberry naevus see naevus, strawberry in subacute bacterial endocarditis 62.78 markers 3.6 bone and joint involvement 62.104 streblodactyly 45.47 streptodornase, in wound debridement melanocyte 3.21 erythema marginatum in 62.107 Strengthening the Reporting of 14.22 multipotent, in fat 3.52–3 hyperferritinaemia and purpura 49.6 Observational Studies in streptokinase 75.107 pluripotent, fi broblasts induced to be juvenile 51.133 Epidemiology 7.17 in wound debridement 14.22 3.50 leg ulceration associated 47.55 Streptobacillus moniliformis 30.67 Streptomyces 30.39 proliferation 3.6, 3.7 pigmentation changes 58.26 streptocerciasis 37.8 Streptomyces somaliensis 36.72, 36.73 sebocyte 3.6 stinger suits 38.57 streptococcal pyodermas, erythromycin Streptomyces tsukubaensis 73.31 signalling 3.6–7 stinging sensation 74.42 streptomycin 74.42, 74.44 strategies for burns 28.86–7 delayed-type 25.19 streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome adverse effects 26.46, 31.27, 75.58 transplantation 13.26, 76.7 immediate-type 25.19 30.12, 30.35 in tuberculosis 31.27 see also haematopoietic stem cell(s) stingrays 38.59 Streptococcus (streptococci) 30.11–14 stress 64.4, 64.5 wound healing and 14.26 stings α-haemolytic 30.11, 30.13 acne and 42.35 stem-cell factor (SCF) 3.19, 12.24, 12.31 arthropod 38.1–5, 38.13–15 β-haemolytic 30.11, 30.67 alopecia areata and 66.32 adverse effects 75.144 Cnidaria 38.55–8 ear infection 68.19 atopic dermatitis and 24.19 Stenella araguata 36.14 fi sh 38.59–60 erythema nodosum and 50.83 herpes simplex recurrence 33.18 Stenotrophomonas maltophilia 30.51 Hymenoptera 38.13–15 eye infection 67.27 immune response and 64.8–9 Stensen’s duct see parotid duct Mollusca 38.59 normal skin fl ora 30.1 lichen planus association 41.3 stenting swimming and diving 28.55 in cellulitis 30.17, 30.18 neuromediators 12.63 claudication management 47.5 see also insect bite reactions in cutaneous disease 30.11 nodular prurigo and 23.42 varicose veins 47.39 stinking mayweed 25.21 in erysipelas 30.17 occupational dermatoses and 27.2 Stephania tetrandra 75.160 STK11 gene 58.12, 58.13 erythema elevatum diutinum and 50.25 oxidative stress 12.55 Sterculiaceae 26.81 stoma eye infections 67.27 role in pompholyx 23.17 stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), cutaneous complications 62.53–4 female genital infection 71.67 urticaria and 22.11–12 melanoma metastatic to brain peristomal pyoderma gangrenosum γ-haemolytic 30.11 workplace 64.26 54.55 50.69, 50.72 genitocrural infection 71.5 wound healing and 14.1 steric hindrance 40.6 stomach, cutaneous markers of disorders group A stress lines (skin tension lines) 77.2, 77.11, sternal clefts 18.88 62.48 in HIV infection 35.24–5 77.13 sternocleidomastoid muscle 77.2, 77.3 stomatitis see also Streptococcus pyogenes stretch marks see striae sternocostoclavicular hyperostosis 62.101 angular see cheilitis, angular group B 30.13, 30.17, 30.33, 30.69 stretching of skin 4.8, 5.18 steroid nasal spray, rosacea associated in blackberry 30.53 vulva 30.4 striae 4.8, 5.11, 45.4–6 children 43.10 chronic ulcerative with epithelial group C 30.12–13, 30.17, 30.69 aetiology 45.5 steroid phobia 73.17 antinuclear antibodies 69.64 group D 30.13, 30.69 clinical features 45.5 steroid receptor(s) 73.16, 73.17 denture-related (candidiasis) 36.60, group F 30.13, 30.80 corticosteroid-induced 45.3, 45.5, 73.18 steroid receptor superfamily 73.43 69.88, 69.102–4 group G 30.12–13, 30.17 defi nition 45.5 steroid rosacea 43.10, 73.19 drug-induced 75.47 group L 30.13 diagnosis 45.5 steroid sulphatase defi ciency 19.9, herpes simplex 69.13, 69.72–4 in Henoch–Schönlein purpura 50.20 elastotic 45.25–6 19.11–12 monoclonal plasmacytic ulcerative 69.84 in impetigo 30.14, 30.15–16 in liver disease 62.64 steroid therapy see corticosteroids necrotizing ulcerative, in HIV infection intertrigo due to 30.33 pathology 45.5 steroid ulcers 47.56 35.43 in normal skin fl ora 30.2 treatment 45.6 102 Index striae distensae (striae gravidarum) 8.13 lipomembranous (membranocystic) Sugio–Kajii syndrome 15.65–6 sun tan 73.40 sports injury 28.31 46.22–3 suicide 64.48–9 false 73.49 striate keratoderma 19.3, 19.94, 19.95, of newborn 17.36–7, 46.12 acne and 42.35, 42.63 see also tanning 19.105–6, 19.107 nodular cystic (encapsulated) 46.22 assessment of risk 64.48–9 sunbathing, non-melanoma skin cancers strimmer’s dermatitis 29.21, 58.32 obesity 8.17 body dysmorphic disorder 64.19, 64.48 and 52.3 see also phytophotodermatitis in pancreatic disease 46.18–20, rate of in UK 64.48 sunbeds/sunlamps 29.4 string test 37.15 62.65–6 with self-harm 64.45–6 DNA damage 58.31 STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of neonatal disorders 17.34–9 Suidasia nesbitti 38.47 usage, malignant melanoma risk 54.33 Observational Studies in physiology 46.2–4 SUKA (subungual keratoacanthoma) see also tanning Epidemiology) 7.17 ‘pseudoherniation’ 46.10 65.38 sunburn 4.7, 29.4, 58.7 stromelysins 12.52, 14.11 superfi cial (areolar) layer 46.2 sulconazole avoidance/prevention 29.8 Strongyloides stercoralis 37.2, 37.14, traumatic injury in dermatophytosis 36.47, 36.48 exaggerated, drugs associated 29.20, 37.15–16 blunt trauma 46.28–9 topical 73.12 29.21 disseminated infection 49.36 cellular events after 46.11 sulcus terminalis 69.2 malignant melanoma risk 54.33 perianal/perineal infection 71.96 see also panniculitis sulfadiazine 44.17–18 sensitivity to 29.5 strongyloidiasis 22.10, 37.15–16 subcutaneous nodules sulfadoxine, adverse effects 75.56–7 treatment 29.8 disseminated 49.36 lipoma 46.44 Stevens–Johnson syndrome 76.11 sunburn cells 29.5 purpura 49.20 panniculitis 46.11 sulfaguanidine 44.17–18 sunlight 29.4 strontium sulphide 73.29 subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell sulfamethoxypyridazine 74.28, 75.56 acne improvement and cautions structure of skin 3.1–3.53 lymphoma (SPTL) 57.33 linear IgA disease 40.51 42.34 stucco keratosis 52.40 subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell sulfapyridine 74.28 actinic lichen planus 41.13 treatment 73.24 lymphoma of α/β T-cell sulfasalazine feel-good and health factors 29.6–7 students, medical 72.2 phenotype (SPTL-AB) 46.23, adverse effects 75.33, 75.56 UVR source 29.1 stump pemphigoid 28.29 46.24, 46.25 in cicatrizing conjunctivitis 67.22–3 vitamin D synthesis 29.6 STUMPs (atypical spitzoid tumours of subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell in lichen sclerosus 51.118 see also sun exposure; ultraviolet (UV) unknown malignant potential) lymphoma of γ/δ T-cell in psoriasis 20.42 radiation 54.24, 54.39 phenotype (SPTL-GD) 46.23, in psoriatic arthritis 20.59 sunscreens 29.8–9, 52.3, 73.40–1 Sturge–Weber syndrome 18.65–7 46.24, 46.25 in urticaria 22.29 actinic keratosis reduction 52.32 bone and joint involvement 62.100 subcutis see subcutaneous fat sulfones 74.28, 74.45 in ageing prevention 80.3 ocular involvement 18.66 subepidermal calcifi ed nodules 56.2 sulindac 75.76 allergic contact dermatitis to 26.62–3 oral involvement 69.13, 69.29, 69.30 subepidermal immunobullous diseases sulphapyridine, in cicatrizing chemical 73.40 styes 67.6, 67.26–7 40.25–62 conjunctivitis 67.22–3 classifi cation 73.40–1 styrene 25.21 clinical features 40.26 sulphasalazine see sulfasalazine contact sensitization by 29.9 subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus immunopathology and sulphatases 3.45–6 dermatitis due to 73.40 (SCLE) 51.2, 51.22–7 immunogenetics 40.27 17β-sulphinyl steroids 42.16 dihydroxyacetone in 73.49 aetiology 51.22 variants 40.26 sulphites 22.11, 75.159 effi cacy and mechanism of action 29.8 autoantibody status 51.22 see also bullous pemphigoid; specifi c sulphonamides 74.38–9 endogenous 73.40 clinical features 51.23–4 diseases adverse effects 26.17, 74.38–9, 75.55–8, exogenous 73.40 urticarial lesions and vasculitis subepidermal nodular fi brosis see fi brous 75.61 high-SPF 29.9 51.38–9 histiocytoma (FH) mechanisms 76.10 ideal, characteristics 73.40 drug associations 51.24 subfascial endoscopic perforator surgery in cicatrizing conjunctivitis 67.23 in lipsticks and lipsalves 69.119 histopathology 51.22–3 47.39 as photoallergens 26.24 melanoma prevention 54.34, 73.41 Ro/SS-A antibodies 51.49 submandibular duct 69.5 in toxoplasmosis 37.44 mineral oxide micropigments 29.8 treatment 51.23–4 submandibular gland examination 69.5 sulphonated oils 25.20 misuse/abuse 73.40 subareolar duct papillomatosis see nipple, submucous fi brosis 69.106–7 sulphonylureas 75.156 naevi number and 73.41 erosive adenomatosis substance abuse 64.13, 64.14, 64.18 sulphur organic micropigments 29.8, 29.9 subclavian artery, occlusion 47.2 see also alcohol abuse acne vulgaris treatment 42.43 photoallergic reactions to 29.20 subcorneal pustular dermatosis 40.19–22, substance P 4.10, 12.64, 12.66, 63.2, 63.3, depletion 59.72 photodermatoses management 73.41 50.62, 50.95, 62.49 64.5, 64.9 granules 30.75 physical 73.40 differential diagnosis 40.21 in atopic dermatitis 24.17 metabolism 59.72–4 polymorphic light eruption treatment subcutaneous fat 3.52–3, 46.1–49 capsaicin stimulating release 73.49 in scabies 38.41 29.12 absence 54.11 fl ushing in rosacea 43.2 sulphur-defi cient brittle hair, IBIDS/ prescribable 29.9 atrophy see lipoatrophy immune function and 63.4 PIBIDS syndrome 19.47–9 resistance to water (substantivity) 29.8, blood supply 46.2, 46.11 pruritus and 21.3, 21.4 sulphur granules 30.75 73.40 compromised, encapsulated fat triple response of Lewis and 63.5 sulphur-rich L granules 3.10 SPF rating see sun protection factor necrosis 46.22 in urticaria 22.5 sulphuric acid, burns 27.12 (SPF) brown 3.52, 46.1 in wound healing 63.4 sulpiride 64.52 UVR interaction with 73.40 central accumulation, HIV subungual exostosis 62.101, 65.33–4 sultones 26.27 vehicles for 73.2 lipodystrophy 46.42 subungual haematoma 65.49–50 Sulzberger–Garbe disease 23.11–12 sunset yellow 22.11, 75.158 cold injury, panniculitis 46.21 subungual hyperkeratosis 20.16, 51.12, Sumatra, prevalence of skin disease 6.10 superantigens 17.50–1 composition 46.2 65.12, 65.15, 65.24 summer penile syndrome 38.51 in Kawasaki disease 30.78 deeper (lamellar) layer 46.2 subungual keratoacanthoma 65.38 sun exposure staphylococcal 73.20 drug/oil-induced injury 46.28 subungual keratotic tumours 65.38 avoidance corticosteroid mechanism of action embryology 46.1 subungual melanoma see melanoma, epidermodysplasia verruciformis and 73.17 fi brosis after injury 46.11 malignant 33.58 S. aureus 24.8, 24.12, 30.8 functions 3.3, 3.52, 46.1, 46.2 subungual onychomycosis naevoid basal cell carcinoma streptococcal 30.11 gynoid vs android distribution 46.2 distal and lateral 36.34, 36.63 syndrome 52.7 in vasculitis 50.4, 50.5–6 histology 46.1–2 proximal 36.35 see also photoprotection; sunscreens; superfi cial acral fi bromyxoma 56.6 hyaline necrosis 46.26 subungual osteochondroma 65.33 ultraviolet (UV) radiation, superfi cial necrolytic dermatitis (SND), hypertrophy 46.34, 46.41, 70.3, 70.4 subungual pigmentation 54.45 exposure minimisation dogs 2.17, 2.20 increased deposition 46.41 subungual warty dyskeratoma 65.18 cancers in HIV infection and 35.39, 35.40 superfi cial papillary adenomatosis see infl ammation, macrophage associated succinylcholine 75.153 malignant melanoma 6.12, 29.7, 54.32– nipple, erosive adenomatosis 46.4, 46.6, 46.11 sucker-daddy syndrome 28.24 3, 54.34, 73.41 superfi cial spreading carcinoma infl ammatory disorders 46.10–11 sucking blister 17.4 Merkel cell number change 3.15 (squamous cell) 71.41–2 see also panniculitis suckling pads 17.5 minimization 29.8–9 superfi cial spreading carcinoma, male lobules 46.2 sucralfate 17.26 non-melanoma skin cancers 29.7 genital 71.41–2 encapsulated fat necrosis 46.22 suction injury 28.23–5, 28.39 simple lentigo 54.3 superfi cial spreading melanoma see loss see lipoatrophy; lipodystrophy suction pads 28.24 telangiectases due to 47.13 melanoma, malignant lymph drainage 46.2 suction tests, mechanical injury 28.5 see also sunlight; ultraviolet (UV) superfi cial white onychomycosis (SWO) macrophages in 46.4, 46.6, 46.11 sucupira 26.80 radiation 36.34, 36.50, 36.53, 36.55 measurement methods 46.5 Sudeck’s atrophy 47.11, 63.21 sun protection factor (SPF) 29.8, 58.31, superglue (cyanoacrylates) 26.72, 65.28 mechanical injury 28.27 see also complex regional pain 73.40–1, 80.3 superior vena cava obstruction 62.44 necrosis 46.11, 46.13, 46.21–3, 46.44 syndrome calculation 73.40 supernumerary digit 18.92 following hypothermic cardiac sudorifi c nervous system 3.12 high-SPF sunscreens 29.9 supernumerary nipple 18.92–3, 70.2–3 surgery in infancy 17.37–8 sugar, in wound treatment 14.21 see also sunscreens superoxide anion 13.4

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–24.34; Volume 2, pp. 25.1–44.22; Volume 3, pp. 45.1–62.113; Volume 4, pp. 63.1–80.14 Index 103

superoxide dismutase, reduced levels, sweat ducts swimmer’s shoulder 28.31 transmission 34.5, 34.12 rosacea 43.2 carcinoma, sclerosing/syringomatous swimming treatment 34.16, 34.23, 34.23 support groups 64.7, 72.33–4 53.35–6 mechanical injury 28.31, 28.53–6 control 34.24 atopic dermatitis 72.23 intraepidermal, development 3.5 skin hazards 30.49 dactylitis in 34.16 suppressor of cytokine signalling (Socs) sweat glands 3.12–13 Swiss-cheese-like pseudocystic spaces defi nition 34.1 protein pathway 12.35 abscess 17.43 46.28, 46.28, 46.29 diagnosis 34.18–21 suprabasal cleavage adenocarcinoma 53.40 Swiss type ectodermal dysplasia 15.29 biological false-positive tests 34.20–1 in EB 39.2 apocrine (epitrichial) see apocrine sweat SWO (superfi cial white onychomycosis) CSF examination 34.21 in Hailey–Hailey disease 39.33 glands 36.34, 36.50, 36.53, 36.55 dark-fi eld microscopy 34.3, 34.18–19 supraorbital nerve 77.2, 77.4, 77.10 apoeccrine 3.12, 44.1, 44.3 Sybert’s keratoderma 19.94, 19.99 latent syphilis 34.12 supratrochlear nerve 77.10 axillary 44.1 sycosis 30.25–6 molecular amplifi cation tests 34.19 suramin carcinoma 53.32 in HIV infection 35.28 rapid point-of-care tests 34.20 adverse effects 75.135 apocrine/follicular 53.33–7 mycotic 30.25 serological screening 34.20–1, 34.24 in African trypanosomiasis 37.31 eccrine 53.32–3, 53.33–7 Sydney funnel-web spider 38.31 serological tests (STS) 34.16, 34.19–21 in onchocerciasis 37.7 comparative anatomy and physiology Syk protein 48.2 specimens 34.18 surface-active agents 25.20 44.1–3 symblepharon 67.4, 67.18 differential diagnosis 34.7–8, 34.11–12, surfactants 26.59, 66.96 ear 68.1 in dystrophic EB 39.19 61.5, 61.10 surgery 77.1–50 eccrine (atrichial) see eccrine sweat symmetrical dyschromatosis of the ear involvement 68.20 adjuvant radiotherapy 79.7 glands extremities 58.21–2 endemic 30.63 in burns 28.84–6 ectodermal dysplasias 15.59, 15.62, symmetrical interdigital keratoderma female genital involvement 71.71 comparison with Mohs micrographic 15.64–6, 15.69 19.115–16 follow-up 34.23 surgery 77.29, 77.31 embryology 3.3 symmetrical lividity of the feet 44.8 histopathology 34.5 comparison with radiotherapy 79.5–7 intermediate (apoeccrine) 3.12 symmetrical progressive leukopathy HIV co-infection 34.3, 34.14 complications 77.8–10 naevi 44.9 58.52 treatment 34.23 critical anatomical areas 77.1–5 odour production 44.2, 44.8, 44.19–20 sympathectomy incidence 34.2, 34.2–3, 34.15 dressings 7.17–18 secretion inhibition 73.9 in complex regional pain syndrome incubation period 34.5 equipment and sterilization 77.5, 77.6, tumours 53.18–37 63.21 latency 34.5, 34.11 77.7 apocrine 53.18–22 gustatory hyperhidrosis following latent 34.12, 34.23 excision 77.13–14, 77.15–16 eccrine 53.22–7 63.22 diagnosis, CSF examination 34.21 elliptical 77.13–14 eccrine or apocrine/follicular Horner’s syndrome following 63.22 leukoderma in 58.31 snip 77.34 53.27–32 in hyperhidrosis 44.12, 77.37 male genital involvement 71.33–4 wedge 77.35 miscellaneous 53.37–42 in thromboangiitis obliterans 47.8 management 34.22–4 haemostasis 77.50 sweating 3.12 transthoracic endoscopic 43.15 failure 34.23 head and neck 77.2–5 acne and 42.34 sympathetic nervous system 63.1 in pregnancy 34.22–3 hydrodissection 77.2, 77.34 ageing effect 8.24 injury 63.20 of sexual contacts 34.23 incision and scar orientation 77.2 atopic dermatitis and 24.18–19 lesions, hyperhidrosis and 44.9, 44.10 medico-social background 34.2 in infantile haemangioma 18.51 cholinergic, ageing effect 8.24 sweating and 3.12 in men who have sex with men (MSM) Kasabach–Merritt syndrome/ control of 3.12, 44.2, 44.5–7 sympathetic skin response 63.4 34.3, 34.7 phenomenon 18.57 fl ushing with (wet fl ushing) 43.14 sympathomimetics, adverse effects 26.17 meningovascular 34.14 legs 77.5 following spinal cord injury 63.17 Symphoromyia 38.6 natural history 34.5 minor procedures 77.50 gustatory, treatment 73.9 symptoms, history-taking 5.4 neurosyphilis see neurosyphilis nail apparatus 65.41–9 innervation and control 3.12 Symtrack itch rating system 21.2 ocular involvement 67.27 in non-melanoma skin cancer mental/emotional 3.12 synaptophysin 10.21 oral involvement 69.78, 69.90, 69.91, 52.17 mental stimuli 44.5 synbiotic supplements, in atopic 69.118 in pressure ulcers 28.23 obesity and 8.17 dermatitis 24.31, 24.34 parenchymatous 34.14 relaxing incisions 77.34–5 thermal 3.12 syndactyly, with ectodermal dysplasia pathogenesis 34.4 safety measures and protocols 77.7 thermoregulatory 4.7, 44.2, 44.4, 44.5 and cleft lip/palate 66.52 perianal/perineal involvement 71.93 snip excision 77.34 see also hyperhidrosis syndecan-1 3.16, 3.45 in pregnancy 34.15, 34.24 sutures 77.14–15 ‘sweating sickness’ 44.7 syndecan-4 3.16, 3.45 primary 34.6–8 tissue expansion 77.35 Sweden, prevalence of skin disease 6.9 syndecans 3.45 diagnosis 34.18 undermining levels 77.5 ‘sweet itch’ 2.11 syndromes differential diagnosis 34.7–8 wedge excision 77.35 Sweet’s disease-like annular erythema defi nition 5.2 sites 34.7 wound closure 77.16–17 51.135 overlap 5.2 treatment 34.22 see also skin biopsy Sweet’s syndrome 46.34, 50.74–80 synergistic bacterial gangrene 71.67 prognosis 34.23–4 Sutton’s disease 69.45 acral, of dorsal hands 50.80–1 synergistins 75.60 race and 9.6 female genitalia 71.65 aetiology and pathogenesis 50.74, synophrys 67.3 reinfections 34.23 Sutton’s naevus (halo naevus) 54.19–20, 50.75, 50.76–7 syphilide risk factors 34.24 58.49–50 annular lesions 62.112 corymbose 34.11 sarcoidal reaction in 61.22 Sutton’s ulcer, female genital atypical 46.32 lichenoid 34.11 screening 34.24 dermatology 71.65 bone and joint involvement 62.103 macular (roseolar rash) 34.8–10 secondary 34.8–12 sutures 77.14–15 childhood 50.63 nodular (tubercular) 34.12–13 diagnosis 34.18 suxamethonium 75.153 classic/idiopathic 50.74 nodulocutaneous 34.13 differential diagnosis 34.11–12, swallow bug 38.24 clinical features 50.78–9 papular 34.9, 34.10, 34.10–11 61.10 swamp cancer 36.92 conditions associated 50.74, 50.75 papulosquamous 34.11 hair loss in 34.11, 66.29, 66.52 sweat Crohn’s disease and 50.75, 62.51 pustular ulcerative 34.11 papules 34.7, 34.9, 34.10–11 apocrine 44.19 defi nition 50.74 serpiginous nodulo-squamous 66.52 pityriasis rosea vs 33.80 odour 30.4 diagnosis 50.79 syphilis 34.1–24 post-infl ammatory hypermelanosis assessment of production 44.4, 44.5 differential diagnosis 50.70 acquired 34.6–15 after 58.31 chloride in 44.5 drug-induced 50.74, 50.75 alopecia 34.11, 66.29, 66.52 renal involvement 62.71 coloured 44.20–1 histopathology 50.77–8 anetoderma in 45.17 sarcoidosis and 61.18 composition 3.12, 44.5–6 history and nomenclature 50.74 antibodies 34.20, 34.21 secondary prevention 34.24 in cystic fi brosis 44.6 infection and 50.75 detection 34.19–21 stages 34.5 glucose in 44.6 neutrophilia in 62.86 atypical, in HIV infection 35.25 stigmata 34.16 immunoglobulin E (IgE) in 44.6 oral involvement 69.49 biopsy specimens 34.18, 34.19 tattoo localization and 58.58 lactate in 44.5, 44.6 paraneoplastic 50.74, 50.75, 62.41 bone and joint involvement 34.16, tertiary (late) 34.12–14 mammals 2.4 photoaggravated/photoinduced 50.78 62.100, 62.105 diagnosis 34.18, 34.19 odour 30.4 pustulosis in 50.89 cardiovascular 34.14, 34.16 differential diagnosis 31.10, 34.14 production 3.12 scrofuloderma and 31.14 treatment 34.22 follow-up 34.23 retention subcutaneous 50.90–1 causative organism 34.3–4 gumma 34.13–14 apocrine 44.21–2 treatment 50.79–80 congenital 17.25, 17.46, 34.15–18 leg ulcers 47.56 eccrine 44.13 ulcerative colitis and 50.75, 62.51 diagnosis 34.21 management 34.22 in psoriasis 44.13 vasculitis and 50.3, 50.77–8 early 34.15–16, 34.18 mucous membrane lesions 34.14 sodium in 44.5–6 swelling, male genital 71.49–50 late 34.16, 34.18 osteomyelitis in 62.105 urea in 44.5, 44.6 swimmer’s itch (cercarial dermatitis) prevention 34.24 scalp involvement 66.52 sweat dermatitis, frictional 28.14 28.55, 37.20, 37.22–3, 38.56, 38.57 stigmata 34.16–17 scars 45.6 104 Index

tests for 34.18–21 antinuclear antibody-negative SLE systemic scleroderma see systemic extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma (nasal see also syphilis, diagnosis 51.56 sclerosis type) 57.40–1 transmission 34.5, 34.12 ARA criteria for diagnosis 51.27 systemic sclerosis 51.87–110 follicular mucinosis 57.14 treatment 34.2 association with other diseases 51.56–7 aetiology 51.88 gamma/delta (provisional entity) 57.36 see also syphilis, management autoantibodies 51.29, 51.32, 51.63 HLA-DR typing 51.90 granulomatous slack-skin disease untreated, course of 34.5 bone and joint involvement 62.102 microchimerism 51.90 57.15–16 vaccine development problem 34.24 bullous see bullous systemic lupus other factors 51.90 hydroa vacciniforme and 29.15 syringobulbia 63.14 erythematosus associations 51.105–6 mycosis fungoides 57.3–13, 57.22–9 syringocystadenoma see syringoma cardiac involvement 51.43, 62.78 autoimmunity 51.89, 51.105 pagetoid reticulosis 57.15 syringocystadenoma papilliferum 18.14– in childhood 51.48 in childhood 51.105 peripheral T-cell lymphoma 57.34–40 15, 53.19–20, 68.30 clinical features 51.35–48 classifi cation 51.91 primary cutaneous CD30+ syringocystoma see syringoma avascular bone necrosis 51.47 clinical features 51.94–105 lymphoproliferative disorders syringofi broadenoma, eccrine 53.22, bullous SLE 51.41 bone changes 51.97 57.29–34 53.24–5 calcifi cation 51.47 calcinosis 51.97 secondary 57.51–3 syringoid eccrine carcinoma 53.36 cardiac involvement 51.43 cardiac involvement 51.101, 62.78 angioimmunoblastic T-cell syringoma 53.25–6, 71.72 cutaneous features 51.36 central nervous system 51.102 lymphoma 57.51–2 chondroid 53.2, 53.30–2 eyes/ears 51.46–7, 68.17 cutaneous changes 51.94–5 post-transplant lymphoproliferative malignant 53.31 gastrointestinal tract 51.44–5 dental changes 51.102 disorder (PTLD) 57.51–2 eruptive 53.25 hair changes 51.38, 66.29, 66.30 eye changes 51.103 Sézary syndrome 57.17–29 eyelid 67.33, 78.14 hepatic lesions 51.45 hepatic involvement 51.101 subcutaneous, panniculitis in 46.23 female genitalia 71.72 hypertension 51.43 involvement of the gastrointestinal subcutaneous panniculitis-like (SPTL) genetics 15.10 IgG anticardiolipin antibody 51.63 tract 51.99 46.26, 57.33 male genitalia 71.36 lupus anticoagulant 51.63 joint involvement 51.102 of α/β T-cell phenotype (SPTL-AB) malignant 53.35–6 lymphadenopathy 51.48 morphoeic patches 51.106 46.23, 46.24, 46.25 syringomyelia 63.14–15 mucinosis 51.40 muscle involvement 51.101–2, 51.105 of γ/δ T-cell phenotype (SPTL-GD) post-traumatic 63.17 muscle changes 51.47 osteopoikilosis 51.98 46.23, 46.24, 46.25 syringosquamous metaplasia 44.17, neurological and psychiatric disease pulmonary involvement 51.98 WHO–EORTC classifi cation 57.2 75.123 51.45–6 renal involvement 51.101 see also lymphoma(s) systematic reviews 6.16, 7.4 other cutaneous changes 51.40 tendon involvement 51.102 T-cell receptors 4.8, 13.6–7 appraisal and evaluation 7.7–11 polyarthritis with infl ammation terminal absorption of the phalanges development 13.7, 13.8, 17.49 Cochrane Database of Systematic 51.42 51.97 gd 13.6 Reviews 7.5 pulmonary infi ltration 51.43 without skin involvement 51.97 gene analysis 57.12–13 information resources 6.20 renal changes 51.44 diagnosis 51.91 T lymphocytes 13.6–7, 13.7, 17.49, 64.9 systemic agents 74.1–54 rheumatoid-like deformity 51.42 differential diagnosis 51.106 activation 4.8, 13.10–11, 17.50, 24.13 anti-infl ammatory agents 74.2–3 thyroid disease 51.45 dermatomyositis vs 51.128 Langerhans’ cell role 3.17, 3.18 antiallergic agents 74.31 vasculitis 51.39 ocular mucous membrane adverse drug reactions and 75.18–19 antifungal drugs 74.46–8 cryoglobinulinaemia with 49.32 pemphigoid vs 67.20 ageing effect 8.24 antimicrobials 74.38–50 diagnosis 51.27 genetic factors 51.90 in allergic contact dermatitis 26.6 antiparasitic agents 74.50–1 differential diagnosis 51.59 immunoglobulin/complement absence anergy 17.50 antiviral drugs 74.48–50 discoid lupus erythematosus vs 51.2 from dermal–epidermal junction antigen presentation to 13.9–10, 17.50– biological therapies 74.4–13 rosacea vs 43.5 51.92 1, 55.4 Chinese herbal medicine 74.52 drug-associated 51.31–2, 51.63 incidence 51.87 in atopic dermatitis 24.6–8, 24.11 drugs to improve peripheral circulation ear involvement 51.46–7, 68.17 laboratory abnormalities 51.103–4 blister formation 40.26 74.51 in the elderly 51.48 anticentromere antibodies 51.103 CD8+ class I pathway 12.13 immunomodulating agents 74.25–30 genetic counselling 51.61 methotrexate 74.20 clonal proliferation, cytophagic immunosuppressive agents 74.14–24 genetics 15.13 natural history 51.94 histiocytic panniculitis 46.23 levels of evidence of effi cacy 74.1 hair changes 51.38, 66.29, 66.30 paraneoplastic 62.40 cytokines released 35.4, 35.18, 35.22, protein therapeutics 74.4–13 HPV infections 33.59 pathology 51.91 42.26 retinoids 74.33–8 idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura pigmentation changes 58.26 acne pathogenesis 42.26 sex hormones and related compounds and 49.9 in pregnancy 51.105 cytotoxic (Tc/CD8+) 12.13, 13.7 74.32 idiotypes and anti-idiotypes 51.29 prognosis 51.107 activation 4.8 see also specifi c agents for further immunohistology 51.34 progressive 62.99 commercially available antibodies to references incidence 51.27 bone and joint involvement 62.103 10.25 systemic capillary leak syndrome 22.23 laboratory investigations 51.52 race and 9.14 development 13.8 systemic disease and the skin 62.1–113 lip involvement 69.128 Sjögren’s syndrome in 51.105 in HIV infection 35.3–4 in animals 2.17–18 lupus panniculitis 46.25 treatment 51.107–9 increased in pruritic papular bone and joint disorders 62.99–106 ocular involvement 51.46–7, 67.25 variations 51.104–5 eruption in HIV 35.19 cardiac disease 62.75–80 oral involvement 69.71 increased in psoriasis in HIV endocrine disorders 62.2–14 paraneoplastic 62.39–40 infection 35.17 eye involvement 67.24, 67.25 pathological features 51.33 T in lichen planus 41.1 gastrointestinal disorders 62.47–58 pathology T4 endonuclease V 15.74 reduced in Langerhans’ cell haematological disorders 62.85–96 DLE and 51.34 liposomal formulation 73.23 histiocytosis 55.6 liver disorders 62.58–65 Libman–Sacks endocarditis 51.33 T-cell inhibitors, psoriasis 74.6 subtypes 13.11 pancreatic disorders 62.65–8 pemphigus foliaceus and 40.16 T-cell leukaemia–lymphoma see adult T- Tc1 13.11 renal disorders 62.68–75 pigmentation changes 58.27 cell leukaemia–lymphoma Tc2 13.11 respiratory disorders 62.80–5 in pregnancy 8.12, 51.48 (ATLL) in delayed-type hypersensitivity see also individual diseases and disease prognosis 51.59–60 T-cell lymphomas 57.3–40 reactions 26.5 groups (e.g. liver, disorders) respiratory tract involvement 51.43, adult T-cell leukaemia–lymphoma depression/anergy systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) 62.82 (HTLV-1-associated) 57.37–9 in Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis 51.27–63 treatment 51.61–3 see also adult T-cell leukaemia– (LCH) 55.6, 55.7 aetiology 51.28 azathioprine 74.15 lymphoma (ATLL) in measles 33.75 abnormal cell-mediated immunity ciclosporin 51.62 aggressive epidermotropic CD8+ in dermis 3.18–19 51.30 corticosteroids 51.61 (provisional) 57.35–6 development 13.7, 13.8, 17.49–50 autoantibodies 51.29, 51.32 danazol 51.62 bexarotene 57.23, 74.37 differentiation 35.4 environmental factors 51.30 dietary measures 51.62 CD4+/CD56+ haematodermic EBV infection 33.31 genetic/environmental factors extracorporeal photochemotherapy neoplasm (blastic NK-cell in eczema 23.5 51.32 51.62 lymphoma) 57.39–40 extrathymic generation 13.8 infections, stress and hormonal hydroxychloroquine 51.61 CD4+ small/medium sized γδ 13.6 factors 51.31 immunosuppressive drugs 51.61 pleomorphic 57.36–7 in Behçet’s disease 50.56 viral involvement 51.31 methotrexate 51.62 CD30+ lymphoproliferative disorders in Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis 55.8 age of onset 51.27 plasmapheresis 51.62 57.29–34 in vasculitis 50.6 alopecia 66.29 prednisolone 51.61, 51.62 anaplastic large cell lymphoma in granuloma annulare 60.4 anetoderma in 45.17 specifi c treatment as for DLE 51.62 57.31–3 helper (Th/CD4+) 13.7, 64.9 in animals 2.16 TNF antagonists 74.8 lymphomatoid papulosis 57.29–30 acne scarring and 42.27 annular erythema in 62.109 vasculitis and 50.48, 51.39 EBV association 33.31 activation 4.8

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–24.34; Volume 2, pp. 25.1–44.22; Volume 3, pp. 45.1–62.113; Volume 4, pp. 63.1–80.14 Index 105

in atopic dermatitis 24.6–7 in psoriasis 20.26, 73.44 tarantula 38.30 impaction 69.7 autoreactive, antiphospholipid in seborrhoeic dermatitis 23.33 target lesions 76.1, 76.6, 76.7 in incontinentia pigmenti 69.6 syndrome 49.41 structure 73.44 tartrazine 5.25, 22.11, 22.26, 75.26, 75.158 in Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis 55.11 commercially available antibodies to Tacaribe complex viruses 33.69 tattoos 58.57–9, 64.2 loosening 69.7–8 10.25 tâche noire 38.35 accidental/traumatic 58.57 loss 69.6 defective in psoriasis in HIV tachykinins 63.2 allergic contact dermatitis and 26.10 malformation 69.8, 69.9 infection 35.17 substance P 12.64 allergic reactions 58.58 missing 69.7 destruction in HIV infection 35.4, tachyphylaxis, corticosteroid-induced amalgam 69.95–6 mulberry (Moon’s) molars 69.8 35.5, 35.10 73.19 complications 28.48–9, 58.58 natal 69.7 development 13.8 tacrolimus (FK506) 13.25, 20.42, 51.23, decorative 58.57–9 neonatal 69.7 differentiation 24.13–14, 35.4 51.118, 73.31–2, 74.17 history and prevalence 58.57 notation 69.3 in HIV infection 35.4 adverse effects 26.46, 73.31, 75.146–7 granulomatous reactions to 26.27, 26.39 peg-shaped 69.8 in lichen planus 41.1 in allergic contact dermatitis 26.102 henna 26.60, 58.57 premature eruption 55.11 polymorphic light eruption 29.11 in atopic dermatitis 24.30, 73.31 infections associated 58.58 screwdriver 34.17 reconstitution by HAART 35.4 in children 73.31 lichenoid reaction 58.58 supernumerary (supplemental) 69.6, subtypes 13.11 in chronic actinic dermatitis 29.18 lips 69.96 69.7 in urticaria 22.3 in eczema 23.38 oral cavity 69.95–6 taurodont 69.8, 69.9–10 in vasculitis 50.6 in granuloma annulare 60.10 pigments 26.27 Turner’s 69.8 see also Th1 cells, Th2 cells, Th3 cells in granuloma faciale 50.29 reactions 28.48–9 wisdom 69.7 (below) indications 73.31, 73.32 lichen planus and 41.16 see also dentition helper (Th/CD4+) count Kaposi’s sarcoma association 35.36–7 sarcoidal 61.13, 61.22 teething 69.7 AIDS-defi ning complication 35.5 in pyoderma gangrenosum 50.72 removal 58.59, 78.10 Tegenaria agrestis 38.32 eosinophilic folliculitis in HIV in sarcoidosis 61.21 infrared coagulation 77.47 teichoic acid 30.7, 30.8 infection 35.18 in seborrhoeic dermatitis 23.33 skin disease localization 58.58 teicoplanin 30.9, 74.43 in HIV infection 35.5 structure 73.32 techniques and materials 58.58 telangiectases/telangiectasia 47.12, immunogenotyping 10.30 systemic exposure 73.31–2 temporary 26.25, 26.26, 58.57 47.12–21 in vitro function tests 13.23 topical 73.31–2 treatment (reactions) 58.59 aetiology 47.13 intraepidermal 4.8 indications 73.31, 73.32 taurodontia, absent teeth and sparse hair in ageing skin 8.21, 80.2, 80.11 in leprosy 32.7 in lichen planus 41.18 15.53 ankles 47.14 in lymph nodes 13.8–9 in rosacea 43.6, 43.10 taurodontism 69.8, 69.9–10 in basal cell carcinoma 52.19 microscopy 10.34 tacrolimus-binding proteins 74.18 taxanes 75.135–6 breast 70.13 natural killer (NK) 13.6 Taenia saginata 37.24 Tay’s syndrome (IBIDS/PIBIDS calcium channel blockers with 47.15–16 induction by UV radiation 13.31 Taenia solium 37.1, 37.3, 37.24, 37.25 syndrome) 19.47–9 capillary 47.37 in pyoderma gangrenosum 50.65 taeniasis 37.24 tazarotene 20.27, 73.35, 73.37, 75.113 in chronic radiodermatitis 79.16 quantifi cation 17.56–7 larval (cysticercosis) 37.3, 37.24, 37.25 adverse effects 73.37 cold-induced injury 28.68, 28.70 receptors see T-cell receptors tags see skin tags tazarotenic acid 73.37 development 47.12–13 reduction Takayasu’s arteritis 50.44–5 TCDD 27.12, 27.13 essential 47.19, 47.20 in familial haemophagocytic talarozole 74.37 TCOF1 gene 18.80–1 facial 47.14 lymphohistiocytosis 55.25–6 talc 73.2, 73.8 TDO (trichodentoosseus) syndrome generalized essential 47.19 in HIV infection 35.4, 35.5 granuloma 71.100 15.54, 15.65, 69.11 gingival 69.13 in HPV infection 33.42 sarcoidal reaction to 61.22 TDT (thermal damage time) 78.5, 78.12 in granulosis rubra nasi 44.18 regulatory (Treg) 13.11, 31.4 talking therapies 64.4 tea tree oil (TTO) hereditary acrolabial 70.13 in atopic dermatitis 24.7 tall oil rosin 26.79 acne vulgaris treatment 42.43 hereditary benign 47.20 defi ciency 13.11 talon noir (black heel) 28.16, 28.31, 49.16 adverse effects 26.45, 26.47, 70.5, hereditary haemorrhagic see hereditary induction by UV radiation 13.30–1 tamoxifen 75.160, 75.162 haemorrhagic telangiectasia role in skin immunological function 4.8 adverse effects 75.119 in head louse infection 38.20 (HHT) in sarcoidosis 61.4, 61.5 dermatomyositis and 51.121 as insect repellent 38.5 lupus erythematosus profundus 51.16 in sensitization 26.12 in gynaecomastia 70.5 in scabies 38.41 macular 47.12 in spleen 13.8 in progesterone-induced dermatitis teak 26.81 male genital region 71.51 in Stevens–Johnson syndrome 76.9 74.33 tear fi lm 67.11 nail-fold 47.14 suppressor 13.30 tanapox 33.14 lipid 67.2, 67.11 in necrobiosis lipoidica 60.13, 60.14 Th1 cells 13.11, 17.50 tanapox virus 33.5 precorneal 67.2, 67.3 oral cavity 69.22, 69.101 in acne pathogenesis 42.25, 42.26 Tangier disease 59.91 functions 67.3 paraneoplastic 62.44 in atopic eye disease 67.15 tanners, occupational hazards 27.21 lipids 67.2, 67.3 post-radiotherapy 70.14 cytokines 35.4, 42.26 tanning 58.1, 58.10, 58.31–3 mucin 67.3 primary 47.13, 47.16–20 in HIV infection 35.4 delayed 4.7, 58.31 removal, lacrimal pump 67.3 ribs, lower border 47.14 mucous membrane pemphigoid 67.20 delayed effects 29.5 tear substitutes 67.31 in rosacea 43.4, 43.6 NFAT regulation of, DNA damage 58.31 Tectona grandis 26.81 secondary 47.13, 47.13–16 immunomodulators and 73.31 immediate effects 29.5 Tedania ignis 38.59 spider see spider angioma Th2 cells 13.11, 17.50 immediate pigment darkening (IPD) TEE (transepithelial elimination) 45.63, systemic sclerosis 51.95, 51.96 in atopic eye disease 67.15 58.31 45.64, 45.65, 68.14 thermal injury 28.72 cytokines 35.4, 35.18, 35.22 persistent pigment darkening (PPD) teeth 69.2 treatment 47.20–1 in HIV infection 35.4, 35.22 58.31 abnormal enamel laser therapy 78.7–8 NFAT regulation of, phases 58.31 generalized non-Herlitz junctional EB nicotinic acid 73.51 immunomodulators and 73.31 UV light 58.31–3 39.13 venous 47.39 response, Langerhans’ cells 3.17 see also sun tan Herlitz junctional EB 39.12 vessel classifi cation 47.13 Th3 cells 13.11 tanning devices, UVR exposure 29.4 junctional EB with pyloric stenosis telangiectasia macularis eruptiva perstans in toxic epidermal necrolysis 76.9 tanning salon exposure 58.31 39.14 22.32–3, 47.13, 47.14 traffi cking 13.9 see also sunbeds/sunlamps late-onset junctional EB 39.15 skin biopsy 10.43 in tuberculosis 31.4 Tanzania, prevalence of skin disease 6.10 abnormalities in dogs 2.18 telangiectatic erythema and stunted UV radiation effects on 13.30–1 TAP proteins 13.10 care, in severe generalized dystrophic growth, congenital 15.76–7 in vasculitis 50.6–7 tapeworms (cestodes) 37.2, 37.3, 37.24–7 EB 39.28 telecanthus 67.4 in vitiligo 58.46 tar 73.41–3 caries, in dystrophic EB 39.19 teledermatology 72.2 in wound healing 14.3 as carcinogen 52.4 in congenital syphilis 34.16–17, 69.8 telemedicine 5.25–6 t-PA (tissue plasminogen activator) 47.6 carcinogenicity mechanism 73.42 discoloration 69.8, 69.9, 75.55 teleomorph 36.2 t-test 7.19–20 coal see coal tar early loss 69.7–8 television repair, occupational hazards Tabanid, skin disease in animals 2.11 dithranol with 73.30 in ectodermal dysplasia 15.58–9, 15.62, 27.20 Tabanidae 38.6, 38.7 shale 73.42 15.64–6, 15.68, 69.10–12 telogen 3.7, 3.13, 66.8, 66.9, 66.10 Tabanus (horse fl ies) 37.11, 38.6, 38.7 sources 73.41–2 eruption 69.2, 69.3 in androgenetic alopecia 66.20 tabes dorsalis 34.16, 63.11, 63.15 topical corticosteroids with 73.20 delayed 69.7 telogen effl uvium 66.16, 66.20, 66.27–31 tabetic neurosyphilis 34.14 wood 73.42 premature 69.7 acute 66.27–8 tacalcitol 73.43, 73.44–5 tar acne 42.77 examination 69.6 chronic 66.22, 66.30–1 adverse effects 26.46 tar keratoses 52.37 Hutchinsonian incisors 69.8, 69.78 chronic diffuse 66.28–30 doses 73.44 TAR syndrome (thrombocytopenia– Hutchinson’s 34.17 defi nition 66.27 indications 73.44–5 absent radii syndrome) 18.70 hypoplasia 69.8, 69.9 delayed anagen release 66.27–8 106 Index

diagnosis 66.28 testosterone thalidomide 13.24, 64.27, 72.28, 74.30–1 thiotepa in HIV infection 66.2 absorption, reduced with age 8.23 actinic prurigo therapy 29.15 adverse effects 75.33, 75.125–6 immediate anagen release 66.27 acne aetiology and 42.20, 42.21, 42.22 adverse effects 68.4, 75.64 eccrine gland secretion 44.18 pathogenesis 66.27 acneiform eruptions due to 42.72 in aphthous ulceration in HIV infection thiothixene 75.82 postpartum (telogen gravidarum) 66.9, activity in skin 42.10 35.42–3 thiouracils, adverse effects 75.121 66.27–8 administration, effect on sebaceous in complex regional pain syndrome vasculitis 50.17, 50.18 short anagen syndrome 66.27 glands 42.10, 42.20 63.21 thiourea, as photoallergen 26.24 skin biopsy 10.43 adverse effects 75.119 in discoid lupus erythematosus 51.21 Thompson buried dermis fl ap operation telogen gravidarum 66.9, 66.27–8 in androgenetic alopecia 66.13–14, dose range and evidence level 74.31 48.25 telomerase 58.21 66.19 in erythema multiforme 76.7 thonzylamine 75.149 temazepam 75.81 effect on sebum composition 42.6 irreversible peripheral neuropathy thoracic duct 13.8, 48.5 temoporfi n, photosensitivity due to 29.21 in females, acne aetiology and 42.20 74.30 Thost–Unna keratoderma 19.97 temozolomide, melanoma management hair growth and 66.9, 66.13 in Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis 55.13 threadworm 37.13–14 54.54 hirsutism and 66.81, 66.83 in leprosy reactions 32.18 see also Enterobius vermicularis brain metastases 54.54, 54.56 metabolism 8.2, 42.10, 42.21 pregnancy and 51.21 Three Item Severity Score 72.10 temperature inhibition 42.16 in sarcoidosis 61.21 3T3 NRU PT test 25.9 cold see cold (cold temperature) oestrogen synthesis 8.8 thallium poisoning 75.160 thrips 38.26 hair growth and 66.9 at puberty 8.4 thallus 36.2 thrombin 49.38 limb, erythromelalgia 47.9 reduced, by oral contraceptives in acne thanatophoric dwarfi sm/dysplasia, inhibitors 49.28 role in irritant contact dermatitis 25.8 42.53 prenatal diagnosis 16.3 receptors, PAR-1, -3 and -4 12.49 sensitivity to 4.7, 4.9 synthesis 8.2, 8.8, 66.14 Thaumetopoea 38.28–9 thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger’s see also body temperature; at puberty 8.4 thaumetopoein 38.29 disease) 47.4, 47.6–8, 50.54 thermoregulation sebocytes 42.12 thelalgia 70.11 male genital dermatology 71.28 temperature set point 44.5 transdermal delivery 26.46 thelarche 8.4, 8.5 thrombophlebitis migrans in 47.30 temporal arteritis see giant cell arteritis testosterone 5α-reductase 44.18 Thelazia callipaeda 37.18 thrombocytes see platelet(s) temporalis muscle, examination 69.4 see also 5α-reductase Thelyphassa 38.27 thrombocythaemia 49.14, 49.29–30 temporomandibular joint tetanus theobroma oil 73.6 in erythromelalgia 47.9, 47.10 examination 69.4–5 prophylaxis in burns 28.79 theque 10.42, 54.10 thrombocytopenia 49.2, 49.7 herniation 68.29 tungiasis and 38.13 therapeutic cupping 28.24 antiphospholipid syndrome 49.41 in multicentric reticulohistiocytosis tetanus toxoid, grease-gun injuries and therapeutic outcome, factors infl uencing in bone marrow diseases 49.11–12 69.59 46.29 72.25–8 in congenital syphilis 34.16 in psoriatic arthritis 20.57 tetracaine 75.153, 77.10 Theraphosidae 38.30 drug-/toxin-induced 49.11, 75.23 TEN see toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) tetrachlorethylene 75.71 therapy see treatment gestational/incidental 49.12 tenascin 14.3, 14.4 tetrachloroazobenzene 27.13 Theridiidae 38.31 in haemangioma 49.12 tenascin-X 45.32 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 27.12, thermal damage time 78.5, 78.12 heparin-induced 49.11, 49.27–9 defi ciency 45.32, 45.33, 45.34, 45.37 27.13 thermal injury 28.63–94 in HIV infection 35.10 tendon(s) tetrachlorophenols 25.21 burns 28.74–94 infection-associated 49.11 in systemic sclerosis 51.102 tetrachlorsalicylanilide 26.24 cold-induced 28.63–71 platelet counts 49.5, 49.8 xanthomata 59.84 tetracosactide (tetracosactrin) heat and infrared radiation 28.71–4 in pregnancy 49.12 tendon sheath in lichen planus 41.18 Koebner response 28.2–3, 28.73 purpura due to see thrombocytopenic fi broma 56.10 in lieu of systemic steroids 74.3–4 Nikolsky sign 28.4 purpura giant cell tumour 56.15–16, 65.36 tetracyclines 74.41–2 overview 28.1–4 secondary 49.11–12 Tenebrionidae 38.27 acne vulgaris treatment 42.46–7, 42.48 response determinants 28.2 simple macular haemorrhage 49.4 teniposide, familial haemophagocytic adverse effects 42.50, 74.41, 75.52–5 thermal radiation, non-melanoma skin symptomatic 49.11–12 lymphohistiocytosis 55.26 allergy 26.46, 75.53 cancer associated 52.5 thrombocytopenia–absent radii syndrome tenofovir 75.67 fi xed eruption 75.28 thermal relaxation time 78.4, 78.5, 78.12 18.70 tenosynovitis, gonococci causing 34.27 hyperpigmentation 75.52–3 thermokinetic selectivity 78.5 thrombocytopenic purpura 49.7–12 tensile strength of skin 45.14 lichenoid eruptions 41.24 thermoreceptors 4.7, 4.9 autoimmune/immune see idiopathic tensile tests, mechanical injury 28.5 nail colour changes 65.16 thermoregulation 4.1, 4.7, 63.3 thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) teratogens 18.1, 75.11 photosensitivity 75.31, 75.52 in anhidrosis 44.13 idiopathic see idiopathic aplasia cutis congenita due to 18.102 systemic 75.54 role of blood vessels 3.50–1 thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) drugs 72.28, 75.11 tooth discoloration 69.8, 69.9, 75.55 role of skin 3.3, 4.1, 4.7 in infectious mononucleosis 33.30 acitretin 72.28 dose range and evidence level 74.30 role of sweat glands 4.7, 44.2, 44.4, secondary/symptomatic 49.11–12 isotretinoin 42.59, 42.63, 72.28 drug interactions 75.54, 75.55 44.5 thrombotic 49.12, 49.31, 69.114 retinoids 42.50, 72.28, 73.35, 74.38 gastrointestinal absorption 75.54 variations in 44.7 in varicella 33.25 systemic retinoids 73.35 isotretinoin contraindication 42.64, thesaurosis 61.22 thrombocytosis teratoma 18.88 42.65 Thespesia populnea 26.81 bleeding and purpura 49.5, 49.14 terbinafi ne 73.12, 74.47 nicotinamide and 74.30 thiabendazole 74.51 essential 49.29 adverse effects 75.64, 75.65–6 in pemphigus 40.12 in cutaneous larva migrans 37.17 myeloproliferative 49.29–30 in chromoblastomycosis 36.76 in perioral dermatitis 43.12 in dracunculiasis 37.13 purpura due to 49.8 in dermatophytoses 36.47–8, 36.49, 36.50 in pregnancy 75.55 in scabies 38.41 thrombolysis 47.6 failure to respond to 36.50–1 Propionibacterium acnes resistance 42.56 in tinea nigra 36.15 thrombomodulin 49.38 in pityriasis versicolor 36.12 resistance 45.26, 74.41 thiambutosine 74.46 thrombomodulin–protein C/S in Scytalidium infection 36.52 rosacea treatment 43.6, 43.7 thiazide diuretics see diuretics anticoagulant pathway 49.38–9 in sporotrichosis 36.72 topical 73.11 thiazolidinediones, HIV lipodystrophy thrombophilias 47.42, 49.7, 62.91–2 TERC gene 15.78–9, 58.21 in acne 42.41 46.42 venous pigmented purpuric dermatoses terconazole, topical 73.12 P. acnes resistance 42.42 Thibierge–Weissenbach type, scleroderma 49.23 terephthalydiene dicamphor sulphonic toxicity 74.41 47.14 thrombophlebitis acid 73.40 tetrahydrobiopterin, defective Thiersch grafts, localized morphoea penile 71.14 terfenadine 22.29, 75.148–9 metabolism, vitiligo 51.65 superfi cial 47.30 terminal pilosebaceous unit 3.13 pathogenesis 58.47 thimble jellyfi sh 38.56 breast and chest wall (Mondor’s terminology, diagnosis and 5.1 tetramelic defi ciencies, ectodermal thimerosal 25.21, 26.46, 73.8 disease) 48.29 terpenes 26.41, 26.79 dysplasia, deformed ears and thinners 25.20 thrombophlebitis migrans 47.30–1, TERT gene 15.78–9 other abnormalities 15.53 thinning of skin, corticosteroid-induced 62.42–3, 62.66 4-tertiary butylcatechol, depigmentation Tetranychidae 38.48 73.17 thrombopoietin receptor, mutation 49.29 due to 58.50 tetraphocomelia–thrombocytopenia thioacetazone 75.62 thrombosis 47.28 p-tertiary butylcatechol 27.15 syndrome 18.70 thioalcohols 73.29 antiphospholipid antibodies causing p-tertiary butylphenol 27.15 TEWL see transepidermal water loss thiofl avine T method 10.10 49.41 depigmentation due to 58.50 (TEWL) thioglycollates 25.21, 73.29 calf vein 47.29 p-tertiary butylphenol formaldehyde resin textile workers, occupational hazards 5.6, 6-thioguanine 20.40 capillary, venous leg ulceration and 26.68, 26.69, 26.73–4 27.21 thiomersal 25.21, 26.46, 73.8 47.42 testes textiles see clothing thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) deep vein see deep-vein thrombosis fetal 8.2 TG1 (keratinocyte transgluraminase) 3.10 11.16, 13.24, 72.29, 74.14–15 (DVT) at puberty 8.4 thalassaemia 62.85–6 defi ciency 74.15 in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia tumours 70.4 pseudoxanthoma elasticum and 45.23 thioridazine 75.82 49.27

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–24.34; Volume 2, pp. 25.1–44.22; Volume 3, pp. 45.1–62.113; Volume 4, pp. 63.1–80.14 Index 107

iliac 47.28 relapsing fever and 30.62–3 tissue-engineered skin equivalents see in syphilitic chancre 34.7 lethal cutaneous and gastrointestinal removal 38.35–6 skin equivalents in tertiary syphilis 34.14 arteriolar see Degos’ disease ticlopidine 75.108 titanium, implants 26.37, 28.52 tie (ankyloglossia) 69.36–7 non-infl ammatory hyaline 49.33 Tietz’s syndrome 58.43 titanium dioxide 73.8 white strawberry 30.34 in paroxysmal nocturnal tight junctions 3.24–5 as sunscreen 73.40 tonofi laments 10.19 haemoglobinuria 49.30 tight skin contracture syndrome Tityus 38.33 in Dowling–Meara EB simplex 39.25 pathogenic mechanism 49.38 (restrictive dermopathy) 17.20, tixocortol pivalate 26.45, 73.18 tonsillitis prevention, in myeloproliferative 45.51 TMEP see telangiectasia macularis bilateral syphilitic 34.11 disorders 49.29 TIME system 14.19 eruptiva perstans lingual 69.35 thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura time trade off (TTO) 72.22 TNF see tumour necrosis factor (TNF) tonsils 49.31 TIMPs see tissue inhibitors of TNF-receptor-associated periodic atrophy 13.9 venous see deep-vein thrombosis metalloproteinases (TIMPs) syndrome 22.25, 50.53, 62.69, lingual 69.2, 69.6, 69.35 (DVT); venous thrombosis tin ear syndrome 68.6 62.104 syphilitic chancre 34.7 thrombospondin 1 (TSP-1) 12.33 tincture of benzoin 26.41 TNM classifi cation of tumours 69.51 tonus of skin 4.8 thrombospondins 14.3 tinctures 73.2 toadfi sh 38.59 toombak 69.50 in Ehlers–Danlos syndrome 45.33 tinea, male genitalia 71.32 tobacco tooth and nail syndrome 15.56 thrombotic microangiopathy 49.12 tinea amiantacea 36.27 chewing 69.50, 69.90 toothpaste 69.119–20 thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura tinea barbae 36.28–9, 36.49 melanosis and 69.96 allergy to 26.17, 26.21 (TTP) 49.12, 49.31, 69.114 tinea capitis (tinea tonsurans) 36.25–8, oral keratoses and 69.90 tophi, gouty 62.105 thromboxanes (TX) 12.60, 13.4 36.47, 36.49 see also smoking ear 68.17 in wound healing 14.3 alopecia and 66.16 tobramycin 26.17, 26.45, 75.58 see also gout thrush alopecia areata vs 66.35 tocopherol 59.61 topical anaesthetic oral (acute pseudomembranous race infl uences on 9.8 toe(s) in zoster and post-herpetic neuralgia candidiasis) 36.60, 36.64, 36.68, radiation epilation 79.4 clubbing of 15.87–8 33.28 69.88–9 scalp scaling 66.56 congenital malalignment of the great see also local anaesthesia vulvovaginal 36.61–2, 36.68 tinea corporis (tinea circinata) 5.12–13, toe 65.7 topical immune response modifi ers, Thuja plicata 26.80 36.23–5, 36.49 fi bro-osseous pseudotumour 56.5 non-melanoma skin cancer thumb in HIV infection 35.32 toe clefts 52.17 deformity and alopecia 15.53 tinea cruris 36.33–4, 36.49–50, 71.6–7 bacterial fl ora 30.4 topical negative pressure therapy 28.23 racket 65.9 tinea faciei (tinea faciale) 36.28, 36.29–30, erythrasma 30.37, 30.38 topical therapy 72.27, 73.1–52 thumb sign 45.30 36.49 normal bacterial fl ora 30.4 absorption 73.4, 73.4 thumbnail, Beau’s line 59.75 in HIV infection 35.32 toenails adverse effects 25.21, 75.163–7 thunder fl ies (thrips) 38.26 tinea fl avea see pityriasis versicolor ingrown, in HIV infection 35.41 advice for patients 73.4 Thy-1 12.69 tinea imbricata 36.24, 36.25, 36.29 lichen planus 41.14 chemotherapy, nitrogen mustard thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) tinea incognito 25.15, 36.35–6, 36.50 torture injuries 28.33 (mechlorethamine) and 12.36, 24.14 in HIV infection 35.32 see also nail(s) carmustine (BCNU) 57.23 thymidine kinase 73.15 topical corticosteroids causing 73.18 togaviruses, and Togaviridae 33.2, 33.66, concordance with 72.6 virus drug resistance 33.21 tinea manuum 26.29, 36.32–3, 36.50 33.66–8, 33.67, 33.70 corticosteroids see corticosteroids thymidylate synthase 11.16 tinea nigra 36.8, 36.14–15 detection, blood samples 33.4–5 drug concentration 73.1–2 thymine 11.2 tinea nodosa see piedra, black Toker’s cells 53.40 effi cacy 73.2 thymol, topical therapy 73.48–9 tinea pedis 26.29, 36.30–2 Toll/IL-1 receptor (TIR) domain 12.8 formulation 73.5–9 thymoma, candidiasis and 36.65 eczematous 23.25 Toll-like receptors 12.8–9, 13.5, 17.48, frequency of application 73.3 thymus lymphoedema and 48.22 32.6–7 hazards and adverse effects 73.4 ageing and 13.15 prevention 36.46–7 acne aetiology 42.25 odour 73.5 developmental failure 13.8 swimming and diving 28.54 pathway defi ciencies 17.82 penetration enhancement 73.7–8 T cell development 13.7, 13.8 treatment 36.49 potential uses 12.8 prescribing 73.1–5 thymus and activation-regulated tinea tonsurans see tinea capitis (tinea TLR-7 73.24 preservatives 73.8 chemokine (TARC/CCL17) see tonsurans) Toll signalling, non-melanoma skin quantity applied 73.3–4 RANTES tinea unguium 36.34–5, 36.50 cancer treatments and 52.17 retinoids see retinoids thyroglossal cysts 62.11 tinea versicolor see pityriasis versicolor tolmetin 75.77 self-treatment failures 73.4 thyroglossal duct 18.86–7 tinidazole 75.59 tolnaftate 26.46, 36.49 for skin diseases 73.9–52 thyroid tioconazole topical, indications 73.12 traditional remedies 73.48–9 cancer 62.11 in dermatophytosis 36.48, 36.50 toluene 25.20 vehicles for 26.59, 73.2–3 function, urticaria and 22.2, 22.26 topical 73.12 toluene-2,5-diamine 26.60, 26.61 choice 73.2–3 lingual 69.35–6 tiopronin 75.104 toluidine blue 10.9 constituents 73.6 medullary carcinoma 62.44 TIRAP/Mal 12.8 toluidine blue unheated serum test corticosteroid therapy 73.20 fl ushing associated 43.16 see also Toll-like receptors (TRUST) 34.19 formulation 73.5–9 in pregnancy 8.9 tirofi ban 49.13 tongue 69.2 role 73.5 in SLE 51.45 tissue engineering 14.26 antibiotic sore (acute erythematous types 73.2 thyroid acropachy 62.9–10, 62.101 tissue expansion 28.60–1, 77.35 (atrophic oral) candidiasis) see also individual drugs and drug groups thyroid transcription factor-1 10.24 in androgenetic alopecia 66.24 36.60, 69.88, 69.102–4 topoisomerase 1 (Scl-70), localized thyroiditis, autoimmune, granuloma in congenital naevi 54.14 black hairy 69.95 scleroderma 51.74 annulare and 60.9 tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases brown hairy 69.95 TORCH syndrome 33.76–7, 49.20, 49.51 thyrotoxicosis see hyperthyroidism (TIMPs) 3.41 cellulitis 30.18 Torre syndrome see Muir–Torre thyrotrophin, human chorionic 8.9 hair growth and 66.10 central papillary atrophy (median syndrome thyroxine TIMP-1–4 12.51 rhomboid glossitis) 36.61, 69.88, torsional tests, mechanical injury 28.5 adverse effects 75.120–1 tissue macrophages see histiocytes 69.105–6 tortoises, skin disease 2.12 hair growth and 66.9, 66.11 tissue plasminogen activator 47.6 circumvallate papillae 69.2 Tortoiseshell gene 2.6–7 in urticaria 22.29 in vasculitis 50.4 depapillation 69.22 torture injuries 28.32–4 Thysanoptera 38.26 tissue specimens examination 69.6 Torulopsis, female genital infections 71.68 TIA-1 10.26 artefacts 10.7, 10.8, 10.30–1 fi liform papillae 69.2 Torulopsis glabrata see Candida glabrata tiabendazole, adverse effects 75.71 blocking and sectioning 10.6, 10.7, foliate papillae 69.2 torus mandibularis 69.6 tiaprofenic acid 26.46, 75.75 10.31 fungiform papillae 69.2 torus palatinus 69.6 tibia, sabre 34.16 care of 10.4–5 furred 69.95 total skin irradiation 57.24–5 tibial–peroneal vessel occlusion fi xatives and transport media 10.4–5, geographical 69.22, 69.37, 69.100–1 touch 47.5 10.6, 10.31 treatment 73.36 light touch sensation 5.18 tic de lèvres 69.127–8 information provided with 10.4 in hereditary haemorrhagic psychological importance of 64.2 ticilumumab, melanoma management microscopy 10.31–6 telangiectasia 47.17 sense of 4.9 54.54 preparation 10.6–7 in lichen planus 41.8, 41.9 touch corpuscles 3.16 tick-borne encephalitis 33.67 for immunoenzyme methods in lymphangioma 69.34 touch domes 3.16 tickle sensation 21.1 10.16–17 red starberry 30.34 touch pads 3.3 ticks 30.73, 37.1, 38.33–6 for immunofl uorescence methods scrotal (fi ssured/plicated) 48.16, 69.6, Touraine-Solente-Golé syndrome see ehrlichiosis and 30.58 10.12–13 69.37, 69.100, 69.125 pachydermoperiostosis Lyme disease and 30.64, 62.106 routine processing 10.7, 10.8 tertiary syphilis vs 34.14 tourniquet paralysis due to 38.35 staining 10.8–11, 10.31 strawberry 30.78–9, 69.101 fi ngers 65.42, 65.43 108 Index

self-infl icted injury, lymphoedema after tranexamic acid, in hereditary angio- lymphoedema after 48.13 Triatoma sanguisuga 38.25 48.13 oedema 22.22, 22.29 mechanical see mechanical injury Triatomidae 37.31 tourniquet syndrome 71.14 trans-3-methyl-2-hexanoic acid 44.1 post-infl ammatory hypermelanosis Triatominae 38.25–6 hair-thread 28.50 transcription factors 11.3 after 58.31 triazinate 75.136 Touton giant cell melanocyte development 58.3 purpura due to 49.14, 49.16 triazoles 74.47 Erdheim–Chester disease 55.18 transcription-mediated amplifi cation thermal see thermal injury tribal scarifi cation marks, sarcoidosis juvenile xanthogranuloma 55.15 assay (TMA), gonorrhoea traumatic ulcerative granulomatous 61.13 xanthoma disseminatum 55.21 detection 34.28 disease 69.43 tribavirin see ribavirin Townes–Brocks syndrome 18.82, 68.3 transdermal drug delivery systems 26.46, traumiterative dermatitis (cumulative Tribolium 38.27 toxaemic rash of pregnancy (PUPPP) 72.27, 75.167 irritant contact dermatitis) 25.1, tribromosalicylanilide 26.23, 26.24 8.13, 8.14 transepidermal water loss (TEWL) 27.11, 25.5, 25.12–13, 25.14, 25.15 trichiasis 67.4, 67.21 toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) 74.11, 44.5, 72.11 travel, hazards associated 5.6 management 67.22 76.8–22 ageing and 4.11 trazodone 64.51 trichilemmal carcinoma 53.6 aetiology 76.9–15 in atopic dermatitis 24.22 adverse effects 75.79 ear 68.34 in animals 2.16 defi nition 4.11 erythema multiforme 76.3, 76.4 trichilemmal cyst 52.45, 52.46, 53.4 antiretroviral drug causing 35.7, 35.20 irritant contact dermatitis and 25.2, Treacher Collins syndrome cylindroma vs 53.29 clinical features 69.70, 76.17 25.6, 25.7 (mandibulofacial dysostosis) naevus 53.4 Nikolsky sign 40.8 measurement 4.10–11, 25.22 18.80–1, 68.4 proliferating 53.4–5 complications 76.17–18 neonatal 17.2 treatment trichilemmal tumour, proliferating 53.4–5 defi nition 76.1 race and 9.2 concordance with 72.5–7, 72.25–6 trichilemmoma 53.5–6 diagnosis 69.70–1, 76.19–120 transepithelial elimination 45.63, 45.64, determination of effi cacy 7.1–2 desmoplastic 53.5 drug-induced 42.51, 76.12–15 45.65, 68.14 determination of outcomes 7.12 eyelid 67.33 genetic risk 72.30 transferrin 13.19, 36.21, 36.58 general principles 72.25 Trichinella spiralis 37.3 genitocrural involvement 71.6 transforming growth factor-α (TGF-α) risk–benefi t analysis 72.3–4 trichinosis/trichiniasis/trichinelliasis GVHD 51.83 sebaceous cell activity control 42.12 topical see topical therapy 37.19–20 immunology 76.9–10 in wound healing 14.4 transdermal drug delivery 26.46 trichloracetic acid 77.47–8, 80.9 incidence 76.8–9 transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) trematodes 37.2, 37.3, 37.20–3 wart treatment 33.49 investigation 76.17 12.29, 12.31–2, 12.35–6, 12.42–3 trench fever 30.56 trichlorethylene, scleroderma-like lesions ocular complications 67.20–1, 67.21 ageing skin and 8.22 trench foot 28.64 51.80 ocular involvement 76.18 collagen gene expression control 3.39 trench mouth 69.77 resulting from perchlorethylene 51.80 oral involvement 69.70–1 elastin-associated microfi brils 3.45 trephine punches, panniculitis 46.11 trichloroacetic acid, molluscum pathology 76.15, 76.16 hair growth and 66.11, 66.15 Treponema 30.59, 30.60, 30.62, 34.3–4 contagiosum 33.12 pharmacogenetics 76.10–11 mucous membrane pemphigoid Treponema pallidum 34.1 trichloroethylene 25.4, 25.20, 75.162 prevention 76.22 pathogenesis 67.20 antigen tests 34.20, 34.21 trichlorophenols 25.21 prognosis 76.18–19 in telangiectasia 47.13 enzyme immunoassays 34.20 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid 27.13 renal involvement 62.71 in wound healing 14.3, 14.4, 14.8 female genital infection 71.71 tricho-dento-osseous syndrome 69.11 staphylococcal 30.30 transgenic animals 2.7, 2.8, 11.10–11 identifi cation, dark-fi eld microscopy tricho-odonto-onychial dysplasia 15.54 terminology 76.1 transglutaminases 3.10, 4.2 34.3, 34.18–19 tricho-odonto-onycho-dermal syndrome treatment 69.71, 76.20–2 coeliac disease 40.59 immune response evasion 34.4 15.54 toxic erythema of the newborn 17.6–7 transgredient palmoplantar keratodermas immunogens 34.4 tricho-onycho-dental (TOD) dysplasia toxic oil syndrome 27.17, 45.52, 75.43, 19.94, 19.95, 19.98–101 microbiology 34.4 15.54, 69.11 75.159 transient acantholytic dermatosis 19.86–8, morphology 34.3–4, 34.18 trichoadenoma 53.3–4 epidemic syndrome, of Spain 51.82 62.33 movement 34.3–4 trichobezoar 64.31–2 secondary mucinosis 59.29 transient amplifying cells 66.3 inhibition 34.20 Trichobilharzia 37.22 toxic pustuloderma see acute generalized transient bullous dermolysis of the Nichol’s strain 34.3, 34.20 trichoblastic fi broma 53.10–11 exanthematous pustulosis newborn 39.23–4 pathogenesis 34.4 trichoblastoma 53.8, 53.10–11 toxic shock syndrome 30.31 transient myeloproliferative disorder, Reiter strain 34.3, 34.21 adamantinoid 53.11 differential diagnosis 76.19 neonatal pustulosis and repeat protein genes (TPR) 34.4 giant 53.10 streptococcal 30.12, 30.35 17.10–11 serological tests 34.16, 34.19–21 trichochrome B 58.7 toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 24.8, 30.7, transient neonatal porphyrinaemia 17.13 see also syphilis trichochromes 58.5, 58.6 30.31 transient receptor potential ion channels Treponema pallidum haemagglutination synthesis 58.5, 58.6 Kawasaki disease and 50.45 21.2 test (TPHA) 34.20 trichoclasis 66.62 Toxicodendron 26.10, 26.22, 26.75, 26.77 transillumination blisters 17.14 Treponema pallidum immobilization (TPI) ‘trichocyte,’ secondary pathway, see also poison ivy transitional cells 3.9 test 34.20 differentiation 3.13 toxins translators 72.3 Treponema pallidum trichodental dysplasia 15.53 thrombocytopenia due to 49.11 translocation abnormalities 15.2 microhaemagglutination (MHA- trichodental syndrome 69.11 see also individual microbial genera transplantation recipients 62.98 TP) 34.20 trichodentoosseus (TDO) syndrome Toxocara 37.17–18 bone marrow see bone marrow, Treponema pallidum particle agglutination 15.54, 15.65 toxocariasis 22.10, 37.17–18 transplantation (TPPA) test 34.20 trichodiscoma 53.14 Well’s syndrome vs 46.33 immunosuppression Treponema pallidum ssp. carateum 30.63 trichoepithelioma 53.8–9 Toxoplasma gondii 33.76, 37.27, 37.44 non-melanoma skin cancers after Treponema pallidum ssp. endemicum 30.63 desmoplastic 53.9–10, 53.35 toxoplasmin test 5.24 52.11, 52.26–7, 79.13 Treponema pallidum ssp. pertenue 30.63 eyelid 67.33 toxoplasmosis 18.2, 37.44 squamous cell carcinoma after 52.11, Treponema phagedenis (Reiter’s strain) 34.3, laser therapy 78.14 TP63-related phenotypes, ectodermal 52.26–7 34.21 pinna 68.28 dysplasias 15.61–5 immunosuppressive therapy 57.51 treponematoses solitary giant 53.10 TPA, carcinogenesis in murine model Kaposi’s sarcoma 56.34 non-venereal (epidemic) 30.62–4 syringoma vs 53.26 52.13 kidney see kidneys, transplantation ocular involvement 67.27 trichofolliculoma 53.7–8 TPHA test 34.20 liver 47.18 see also specifi c diseases pinna 68.28 TPI test 34.20 post-transplant lymphoproliferative treponemicides 34.22 trichography, telogen effl uvium 66.27, TPMT see thiopurine methyltransferase disorder 33.31, 57.51–2 tretinoin see retinoic acid (tretinoin; 66.28 (TPMT) skin cancer in 79.13 vitamin A acid) trichohyalin granules 3.13 TPPA test 34.20 skin changes in 62.74–5 TREX1 gene 11.15 tricholemmoma, eyelid 67.33 trabecular cell carcinoma of skin see solid organ, warts and HPV infections triage, burns 28.80 trichomalacia 66.62 Merkel cell carcinoma 33.59 triamcinolone, intralesional 73.20, 77.48 trichomegaly 67.4 trace elements, excess/defi ciency in transverse cervical nerve 77.3 adverse effects 45.3–4 Trichomonas 37.27, 37.29 pregnancy 18.2 transverse myelitis, in zoster 33.26 in hand eczema 23.22 male genital infections 71.35 trachyonychia 65.13, 65.25, 66.35 transverse nasal groove 18.90 in keloids 45.55 Trichomonas vaginalis, vaginal discharge traditional Chinese herbal medicine, Trantas’ dots 67.15 in necrobiosis lipoidica 60.16 71.53, 71.69 systemic agents 74.52 TRAP (TNF-receptor-associated periodic in psoriatic nails 65.26 trichomoniasis 37.29 traditional Indian medicines, carcinogens syndrome) 22.25, 50.53, 62.69, in sarcoidosis 61.21 trichomycosis in 52.5 62.104 triamcinolone acetonide 73.16 female genital dermatology 71.67 traditional remedies, topical 73.48–9 trauma intralesional, childhood acne 42.76 genitocrural dermatology 71.7 tragi 68.1–2 chronic, non-melanoma skin cancer triamcinolone hexacetonide, psoriasis, trichomycosis axillaris (trichomycosis TRAIL/TRAIL receptors 50.42 after 52.11 intralesional therapy 20.25 nodosa) 30.39 tramadol 63.7 eczema following 23.28–9 Triatoma infestans 37.31 trichomycosis nodularis see piedra, black

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–24.34; Volume 2, pp. 25.1–44.22; Volume 3, pp. 45.1–62.113; Volume 4, pp. 63.1–80.14 Index 109

trichomycosis pubis 71.31 in tinea incognito 36.36 triple A syndrome 62.13 nodular 31.10, 31.24–5 trichonodosis 66.62 in tinea manuum 36.32 triple H syndrome 62.13 papulonecrotic 31.10, 31.22–4 trichonychodental (TOD) syndrome in tinea pedis 36.30 triple response of Lewis 22.12, 63.5 tuberculin skin test 5.24, 31.6, 31.8, 31.21 15.54, 69.11 in tinea unguium 36.34 tripotassium dicitratobismuthate 75.157 tuberculosis 31.1, 31.7–30, 62.80 trichooculodermovertebral syndrome Trichophyton yaoundei 36.26, 36.27, 36.46 trisodium phosphate 25.19, 25.20 congenital 17.46, 31.20 15.31 trichoptilosis 66.62 trisomy 13 15.11, 18.102–3, 62.77, 68.4 cutaneous 31.10–30 trichophytin test 5.24 trichorhinophalangeal syndromes (TRPS) trisomy 18 15.11, 62.77, 66.77 classifi cation 31.10, 31.11 Trichophyton 36.18 15.55, 15.65–6 trisomy 21 see Down’s syndrome malignant disease and 31.18, 31.19, hand infection 23.20, 23.21, 25.15 trichorrhexis invaginata (TI; bamboo hair) Triton tumour (neuromuscular 31.21 identifi cation 36.8 19.37, 19.38, 19.39–40, 66.65–7 hamartoma) 18.37, 56.44 diagnosis 31.6, 31.26 Trichophyton concentricum 36.22 trichorrhexis nodosa 15.55, 66.62, 66.67–8, tromantadine 26.46 differential diagnosis 31.10, 61.5 identifi cation 36.41 66.75, 66.91 Trombiculidae (harvest mites) 30.74, 38.2, epidemiology 31.2, 31.7–8 in tinea corporis 36.49 proximal 66.68 38.50–1 extremely/extensively drug-resistant in tinea faciei 36.29 trichoschisis 66.62, 66.68 trombidiosis 38.50–1 (XDR) 31.1, 31.2, 31.27–8 in tinea imbricata 36.24 Trichosporon tropical acne 27.14, 42.79 female genital region 71.67 Trichophyton equinum 2.12, 36.41 cutaneous lesions 36.92 tropical bedbug 38.24 fi sh 31.31 Trichophyton erinacei 2.12 genitocrural infections 71.5 tropical countries, pigmentation gangrenous 31.20 Trichophyton gourvilii 36.26, 36.27 identifi cation 36.8 signifi cance 58.9 granuloma annulare and 60.1 Trichophyton megninii in white piedra 36.16 tropical elephantiasis 37.8–10, 48.12 histopathology 31.8–10, 61.5 identifi cation 36.41 Trichosporon beigelii, female genital tropical fowl mite 38.51 HIV infection and 31.2, 31.7, 31.8, in tinea barbae 36.28 dermatology 71.69 tropical immersion foot 30.49 31.20, 31.27 in tinea capitis 36.26 trichosporosis tropical phagedena see ulcer(s), tropical immunology 31.3–6 in tinea corporis 36.22 female genitalia 71.69 (phagedenic) latent 31.6 in tinea unguium 36.35 genitocrural 71.7 tropical sore 47.57 leg ulcers 47.57 Trichophyton mentagrophytes 2.12, 36.19, perianal/perineal 71.95 tropical ulcer see ulcer(s), tropical lymph node infection 48.12 36.20, 36.21 trichostasis spinulosa 66.73 tropicamide 26.46 lymphadenitis 35.25, 35.45 in animals 2.12 trichothiodystrophy (TTD) 59.72, 66.65, tropisetron 75.79 male genital region 71.31 dermatophytide reaction 23.9 66.68–9 tropoelastin 3.43 miliary 31.9, 31.10, 31.15–16 identifi cation 36.41–2 aetiology and pathogenesis 19.47–8 Trousseau’s sign (migratory multidrug-resistant (MDR) 31.1, 31.2, nomenclature 36.2 collodion membrane 19.14 thrombophlebitis) 47.30–1, 31.27 in tinea barbae 36.28 differential diagnosis 19.24 62.42–3, 62.66 natural history 31.8 in tinea capitis 36.26, 36.27 TTD-E, TTD-F, TTD-A syndromes TRP (transient receptor potential) ion nodular vasculitis and 50.31, 50.32 in tinea corporis 36.24 19.47–9 channels 21.2 notifi cation 31.26 in tinea cruris 36.33 xeroderma pigmentosa pathogenesis TRPS (trichorhinophalangeal syndromes) ocular involvement 67.27 in tinea faciei 36.29 studies 52.10 15.55, 15.65–6 oral involvement 69.79, 69.118 in tinea manuum 36.32 trichotillomania 64.30–1, 66.54–6 TRT (thermal relaxation time) 78.4, 78.5, orifi cial 31.9, 31.10, 31.15 in tinea pedis 36.30, 36.31 aetiology 66.54–5 78.12 perianal/perineal 31.10, 71.95 in tinea unguium 36.34 clinical features 66.55 TRUE test 26.85 perioral 31.10 Trichophyton rubrum 36.20–1, 36.21, 36.22 differential diagnosis 66.35–6, 66.55 Tryp1 (DHICA oxidase) 58.5, 58.6 primary 31.8 female genital infections 71.68–9 eyebrows 67.4 Trypanosoma 37.2, 37.27, 37.29 primary complex 31.8 genitocrural infections 71.6–7 pathology 66.54 Trypanosoma cruzi 37.31–2 primary inoculation 31.8, 31.10, hand infection 25.15 psychopathology 66.54–5 Trypanosoma gambiense 37.29–31 31.11–12 in HIV infection 35.32, 35.33, 35.41 treatment 66.55 Trypanosoma rhodesiense 37.29–31 prognosis 31.26 identifi cation 36.42, 36.43 trichrome stains 10.9 trypanosomiasis re-emergence 31.2 investigation 36.5 triclocarban 73.15 African 37.2, 37.29–31 re-infection 31.8 perianal/perineal infections 71.92 triclosan 26.58, 73.15 American/South-American 37.2, reactivation 31.30 in tinea barbae 36.28 tricone repair 77.16 37.31–3 with TNF-antagonist therapy for in tinea capitis 36.26 tricyclic antidepressants 64.28, 64.32, in HIV infection 35.35 psoriasis 74.4, 74.7 in tinea corporis 36.23, 36.24, 36.25 64.50–1 ocular involvement 37.32 secondary 31.8 in tinea cruris 36.33 adverse effects 70.5, 75.78–9 vectors 38.6, 38.25 sweating in 44.7 in tinea faciei 36.29 in zoster and post-herpetic neuralgia tryptase 12.25, 12.49 Takayasu’s arteritis and 50.44 in tinea manuum 36.32 33.28 in atopic dermatitis 24.18 treatment 31.26–8 in tinea pedis 36.30, 36.31, 36.49 see also antidepressants in mastocytosis 22.33, 22.34 vegetating 31.20 in tinea unguium 36.34, 36.35 trifl uoperazine 75.82 release from mast cells 63.3 warty 31.9, 31.10, 31.12–13, 31.28 topical therapy 73.12 acne excoriée 42.70 in urticaria 22.4 see also Mycobacterium tuberculosis Trichophyton schoenleinii 36.19, 36.20 trifl uorothymidine, herpes simplex 33.21 tryptophan 27.17, 45.52, 59.63 tuberculosis colliquativa cutis see identifi cation 36.42, 36.44 trifl uridine 26.46 eosinophilia–myalgia syndrome and scrofuloderma investigation 36.6 trigeminal nerve 59.29, 75.43 tuberculosis cutis orifi cialis 31.9, 31.10, in tinea barbae 36.28 block 77.2–4 hair colour and 66.91 31.15 in tinea capitis 36.25–6, 36.27, 36.49 maxillary division, zoster 33.26 metabolism 43.18 tuberculosis verrucosa cutis (warty Trichophyton simii 36.19, 36.44 zoster 33.25–6, 33.28 l-tryptophan-induced eosinophilia– tuberculosis) 31.9, 31.10, 31.12– Trichophyton soudanense 36.19 trigeminal trophic syndrome 63.13 myalgia syndrome 59.29, 75.43 13, 31.28 identifi cation 36.44 triggering receptors expressed by myeloid TSC see tuberous sclerosis complex tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) 62.23–4, in tinea capitis 36.26, 36.27 cells (TREMs) 12.28 (TSC) 66.65 in tinea unguium 36.34, 36.35 triglyceride rich lipoproteins (TRLs) 59.90 TSC1 gene 62.23 in adolescence 8.7 Trichophyton tonsurans 36.19, 36.20 triglycerides 46.2 TSC2 gene 62.23 bone and joint involvement 62.100 dermatophytide due to 36.36 hydrolysis 46.3 tsetse fl ies 37.2, 37.29, 38.6 genetics 15.6, 15.21–5 identifi cation 36.44, 36.45 medium chain (MCTs) 48.27 TSLP (thymic stromal lymphopoietin) hypomelanotic macules of 58.44 in tinea barbae 36.28 in sebum 42.5, 42.22 12.36, 24.14 lesions, acne lesions vs 42.37 in tinea capitis 36, 36.26, 36.27, 49 storage in fat cells 46.2, 46.6 TSLS (streptococcal toxic shock-like non-symmetrical lipomatosis with in tinea faciei 36.29 trimethadione 75.86 syndrome) 30.12, 30.35 46.46 in tinea unguium 36.34 trimethoprim 74.39, 75.57–8 TSST-1 see toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 oral involvement 69.41, 69.118 Trichophyton verrucosum 36.20, 36.22 acne vulgaris treatment 42.47, 42.48 TST (tuberculin skin test) 5.24, 31.6, 31.8, poliosis in 66.93 in cattle 2.9, 2.12 adverse effects 42.51 31.21 renal involvement 62.69 dermatophytide due to 36.36 ocular 67.32 tsutsugamushi disease (scrub typhus) respiratory tract involvement 62.80 identifi cation 36.45 hidradenitis suppurativa 42.75 38.50 tubo-ovarian abscess 34.26 investigation 36.5 Propionibacterium acnes resistance 42.56 TTD see trichothiodystrophy (TTD) tubocurarine 75.153 in tinea barbae 36.28 trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole see TTF-1 (thyroid transcription factor-1) tubulin 3.9 in tinea capitis 36.26, 36.27 co-trimoxazole 10.24 tularaemia 30.53–4, 38.6, 38.35 in tinea corporis 36.24 trimethylaminuria 44.20 tubercle 31.8–10, 32.4, 32.5 tulipalins 26.16, 26.76 vaccine 36.29 trimipramine 64.51 naked 61.3 tuliposides 26.76 Trichophyton violaceum 36.20, 36.21 trinitrotoluene 66.95 tubercles of Montgomery 70.1 tulips 26.16, 26.76 identifi cation 36.45–6 triparanol 75.157 tuberculids 31.10, 31.21–6 Tulle dressings 47.48 in tinea barbae 36.28 tripe palms (acanthosis palmaris) 19.120, aetiology 31.21 tumbu fl y 38.8, 38.9, 38.10 in tinea capitis 36.26, 36.27, 36.49 62.31–2 defi nitions 31.21 tumoral calcinosis 59.69 110 Index tumour(s) twin studies defi nition and epidemiology 47.41 compression (CUS), deep-vein benign vs malignant 52.2 acne aetiology 42.18 elderly people 8.28 thrombosis 47.29 defi nition 5.8, 52.1 atopic dermatitis 24.3 in granulomatous diseases 47.57 fetal 16.7 formation, genetics 15.5–6 twistometry 4.11 in haematological disease 47.56 foreign bodies 28.42 metastases 52.1 two-hit hypothesis 11.17, 52.6–7 in haemoglobinopathies 62.85 HIV lipodystrophy 46.42 obesity and 8.17 Tydeidae 38.48 in hydroxyurea defi ciency 47.54–5 in mastocytosis 22.34 in pregnancy 8.11, 8.12 tylosis 62.20–1, 69.24–5, 69.116 hyperhidrosis and 44.9 in muscle hernias 28.62 soft-tissue 56.1–62 with oesophageal cancer 19.106 hypertensive (Martorell’s) 47.53–4 skin thickness measurement 72.11 vascular 18.40–60 tympanic membrane 68.1, 68.2 infections associated 47.56–7 spinal 63.15 see also malignant disease; specifi c Tyndall effect 54.26 in livedoid vasculopathy (vasculitis) ultraviolet fi lters, as allergens/ tumours typhoid 30.47–8 47.55 photoallergens 26.23, 26.24, tumour-like lesions, female genital typhus in prolidase defi ciency 47.54 26.62–3 71.72–4 arthropod vectors 44.7 in pyoderma gangrenosum 47.57 ultraviolet (UV) phototherapy tumour necrosis factor (TNF) 12.42–3 epidemic 30.72–3 recurrent 47.50–1 carcinogenic hazard 20.31 adverse effects 75.144 murine (endemic) 30.73 in rheumatoid arthritis 47.55 psoriasis 20.28–33 anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies 74.5 purpura 49.20 in sickle cell anaemia 47.56, 49.47 broad-band vs narrow-band 20.28 biological therapies 74.5–10 scrub 30.74 silver sulfadiazine therapy 73.11 TL-01 lamps 20.28 in ectodermal dysplasias 15.57–61 sporadic 30.73 in SLE 47.55 UVB, non-melanoma skin cancer and in linear IgA disease 40.45 tick 30.73 vasculitic/vasculopathy 47.55 52.4 pathogenesis of chronic infl ammatory typus amstelodamensis 15.92 venous see venous ulceration ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) 29.8 disease states 74.5 see also de Lange syndrome (Cornelia leprosy 47.56 ultraviolet (UV) radiation 29.1–3 recurrent melanoma management 54.54 de Lange) lip, due to calibre-persistent artery 69.129 abnormal cutaneous effects see TNF-α 12.42–3, 13.5, 17.49, 64.9 typus maculatus 58.20 Lipschutz see Lipschütz ulcers photodermatoses hair growth and 66.11 Tyrophagus 38.47 male genital 71.24–6 acne and 42.34, 42.67 in lichen planus 41.1 tyrosinaemia 59.97 Meleney’s 47.57 ageing due to see photoageing receptor activation, UV radiation oculocutaneous (type II) 59.97 neuropathic (neurotrophic/perforating) antigen induced by 29.11, 29.17, 29.19 8.21 keratoderma with 19.95, 19.111–12 47.57, 62.99, 63.8–11, 63.15, 63.20 barrier function of skin and 4.6–7 in SAPHO syndrome 42.85 prenatal diagnosis 16.3 diabetes 47.57 basal cell carcinoma and 29.7, 52.3 sebocytes expressing 42.4–5 tyrosinase 73.28 see also ulcer(s), diabetic carcinogenicity 27.16 in SJS/TEN lesions 76.9 gene, albinism 58.39 oral cavity see under oral cavity cutaneous effects of exposure 29.5–7, skin barrier function and 25.3 inhibition 73.27 parastomal 62.54 45.2 in tuberculosis 31.4 melanin synthesis 58.5, 58.6, 58.7 penetrating (ulcus terebrans) 52.19 acute systemic effects 29.6–7 in vasculitis 50.4, 50.6, 50.10 tyrosine, melanin synthesis 58.5, 58.6 pentazocine 28.45, 28.53 early effects 29.5–6 in wound healing 14.3 tyrosine kinase pathway, stem cell perianal/perineal 71.94 late effects 29.7 TNF-β 12.42 signalling 3.6 in prolidase defi ciency 47.54 defi nitions and units 29.1 TNF-γ 42.26 tyrosine kinase receptors 63.18, 63.19 rheumatoid 47.55 dermatoses exacerbated by 29.22, TNF-receptor-associated periodic in piebaldism 58.42 rodent see basal cell carcinoma (BCC) 29.22–3, 29.23 syndrome (TRAPS) 12.42 Tyson’s glands of prepuce 42.1 ‘snail-track’ 34.11 direct/indirect effects on skin 8.21 TNF receptors Tzanck smear 5.21, 10.28–9, 35.28 steroid 47.56 diseases associated with exposure see keratinocyte apoptosis 12.42 Tzank preparation 40.8 streptococcal 30.33 photodermatoses soluble 74.5 syphilitic chancre 34.6–7 DNA damage see DNA damage types 12.42 treatment DNA photoproducts 29.4 tumour necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists U hydroxycarbamide (hydroxyurea) DNA repair defects and 52.13–14 20.41, 74.5–10 U1-RNP, specifi c antibody 51.110, 51.112 47.54–5 see also DNA damage, repair defects in Behçet disease 74.8 Uber lipoidgranulomatose 55.18–19 topical 73.10 dosimetry (radiometry) 29.2–3 clinical indications 74.6 UCA (urocanic acid) 4.7, 13.32, 29.6 in trigeminal trophic syndrome 63.13 calibration 29.3 in hidradenitis suppurativa 74.7 UK, prevalence of skin disease 6.9 tropical (phagedenic) 30.60–1, 47.57 environmental exposure to 29.4 in infl ammatory bowel disease 74.7 UK National Patient Safety Agency 72.26 Staphylococcus aureus in 30.60 exposure minimisation 29.8–9 in pityriasis rubra pilaris 74.7 UK Sickness Impact Profi le 72.17 tuberculous 47.57 clothing 29.8 in psoriasis 74.5 ulcer(s) tumours associated 47.45 squamous cell carcinoma 52.28 and reactivation of tuberculosis 74.4 acute genital 71.65–6 venous stasis (gravitational) 14.1 sunscreens see sunscreens in pyoderma gangrenosum 74.7 acute tuberculous (orifi cial in Wegener’s granulomatosis 50.40 see also photoprotection; sun in rheumatoid arthritis 74.7 tuberculosis) 31.9, 31.10, 31.15 see also pressure ulcers exposure, avoidance in sarcoidosis 74.7 anogenital 71.3–4 ulcerative colitis 62.50–3 exposure quantifi cation 29.4 side effects 74.6 arteritic 51.132 angio-oedema and 62.50 feel-good and health factors 29.6–7 see also tumour necrosis factor burns 28.91 erythema multiforme and 62.50 fi lters, as allergens/photoallergens tumour-suppressor genes 15.2, 52.12 Chiclero’s 37.35, 37.39–41 erythema nodosum and 62.50 26.23, 26.24, 26.62–3 two-hit progression to tumour decubitus/pressure see pressure ulcers gangrene and 62.51 genetic changes due to 52.13 formation 15.5 defi nition 5.8 linear IgA disease and 62.51–2 immunological effects 13.26–34, 26.10, tungiasis 38.12–13 diabetic 14.1, 14.13 lobular panniculitis and 46.14 52.14 Tungidae 38.11, 38.12–13 foot 47.57–8, 63.8–9 necrobiosis lipoidica and 60.15 immunomodulatory effects 29.6 Tuomaala syndrome 15.31 see also ulcer(s), neuropathic purpura and 62.51 immunosuppression due to 8.22, 52.14 turban tumour 53.28–9 in dystrophic EB 39.18 pustular neutrophilic dermatoses in non-melanoma skin cancers 52.14 turbimetry 13.18 female genital 71.65–7 50.89 reduced by sunscreens 73.41 Turcot’s syndrome, genetics 15.25 foot pyoderma gangrenosum and 50.65, intensity increased by refl ection 29.8 turf toe 28.31 diabetes 47.57–8, 63.8–9 62.50–1 interactions with atmosphere 29.3 Turicella otidis 68.2 lichen planus 41.14 reactive lesions 62.50 interactions with matter 29.3–4 turmeric 38.41 genetics 15.13 smoking and 50.66 interactions with skin 29.4 Turner phenotype 70.2 gingival 69.14 Sweet’s syndrome and 50.75, 62.51 lentigines 54.2 Turner sign (Grey Turner sign) 62.65 hypertensive 47.52–4 urticaria and 62.50 malignant melanoma and 6.12, 29.7, Turner’s syndrome 62.77 hypopyon 67.9 vasculitis and 62.51 54.32–3, 54.34 acquired melanocytic naevi number in immunodefi ciency 17.52 ulcus cruris 47.35 matrix metalloproteinase activation 54.15 in infantile haemangioma 18.45, 18.49 see also venous ulceration 8.21, 8.22 ear defects in 68.4 intravenous drug abuse 28.45, 28.53 ulcus molle see chancroid mechanical injury 28.8, 28.53 genetics 15.12–13 ischaemic 47.2, 47.3 ulcus terebrans 52.19 melanocyte growth arrest due to 58.7 lymphoedema 48.10 ‘kissing’ 34.7 ulerythema oophryogenes 66.51 melanocyte response 58.7 macrocystic lymphatic malformations leg 14.12–13, 47.41–58, 51.132 ulerythema sycosiforme (lupoid sycosis) melanosome transfer to keratinocytes 48.27 aetiology 14.12, 47.54–7 30.25 58.4 Turnpenny type ectodermal dysplasia allergens 47.45 Ullrich–Turner syndrome see Noonan’s modifi cation, optical components 29.2 15.37 allergic contact dermatitis and 26.19, syndrome (NS) mutagenic effects 52.13–14 turpentine 25.20, 26.79, 26.82–3, 75.163 26.43–4 ulnar mammary syndrome 15.55 nature of 29.1 turtles 2.3 arterial 14.13, 47.52–4 ultrasound 5.22 non-melanoma skin cancers 52.3, skin disease 2.12 in autoimmune disease 47.55 colour Doppler duplex 52.13–14, 52.19 twenty-nail dystrophy 65.13, 65.29, 65.30 chronic 8.28, 47.41 chronic venous insuffi ciency 47.35 photodermatitis 28.92 twin spotting 15.7 decubitus 47.57 venous leg ulceration 47.47 plant-induced 29.21, 58.23, 75.162

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–24.34; Volume 2, pp. 25.1–44.22; Volume 3, pp. 45.1–62.113; Volume 4, pp. 63.1–80.14 Index 111

pigmentation 58.7 uncein, monoclonal antibodies to 39.25 candidiasis and 22.10 treatment 22.27–30 solar elevation affecting 29.8 Uncinaria stenocephala 37.16 childhood 22.6–7 antihistamines 74.31 sources 29.1–2 uncircumcised males 71.13 cholinergic 22.13, 22.15, 22.16 doxepin 74.32 spectrum 29.1, 29.2 uncombable hair, retinal pigmentary chronic 22.2, 22.9–12 ulcerative colitis and 62.50 squamous cell carcinoma and 29.7, dystrophy, dental abnormalities aggravating factors 22.10–12 vibratory 22.13, 22.15 52.3, 52.24, 52.27 and brachydactyly 15.56 autoimmune 22.9 weal-less 21.6 tanning with 58.31–3 uncombable hair syndrome 66.71–2 autoimmune, ciclosporin therapy urticaria-like follicular mucinosis 59.28 see also tanning uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) 46.1 74.16 ‘urticaria-like’ plaques 51.131 thermal injury 28.72 undecylenic acid 26.46, 73.13 idiopathic 22.9 urticaria multiformis endemica (harara) transmission to dermis 29.4 undifferentiated vulval intraepithelial infection and 22.10 38.5, 38.7 UVA 8.21, 29.1, 52.3, 52.13 neoplasia 71.74 intermittent 22.2 urticaria pigmentosa 22.30, 22.31–2 absorbers 29.9 unheated serum reagin (USR) test 34.19 investigation 22.26–7 Darier’s sign in 22.14, 22.31–2 actinic prurigo 29.14 unilateral naevoid telangiectasia papular 23.44 in dogs 2.22 adverse effects 73.40 syndrome 47.19 pseudoallergic 22.10 histopathology 22.34 carcinogenic potential 52.3 uniparental disomy 11.18, 15.7, 16.2, psychological factors 64.4–5 hypermelanosis with 58.38 chronic actinic dermatitis 29.16–17, 52.12 sarcoidosis and 61.17 KIT gene mutations 3.20 29.18 universal acquired melanosis 58.22 classifi cation 22.2 skin biopsy 10.43 discoid lupus erythematosus 51.5 Unna–Thost syndrome 69.16 coeliac disease and 22.2 urticarial fever 37.21 hydroa vacciniforme 29.15 Ununo Enyi (granuloma multiforme) cold 22.4, 22.5, 22.16 urticarial papular and plaque eruption hyperpigmentation associated 58.10 60.14, 60.17 acquired 22.16 26.25–6 immunosuppressive effects 13.26, upper eyelid dermatosis syndrome 67.5 challenge test 22.13 USA, prevalence of skin disease 6.9 13.33 upper limb familial 22.16, 22.24 ustekinumab 20.42, 74.10 interactions with atmosphere 29.3 lymphoedema 48.12, 48.13 following jellyfi sh stings 38.56 uta 37.40 long-wave, sunscreens and 73.40 see also arms histamine and 21.4 UV radiation see ultraviolet (UV) mutations induced by 52.13–14 urachal duct 71.100 idiopathic 22.16 radiation penetration of skin 4.7 urachus, anomalies 18.94 secondary to serum cryoproteins uveitis 67.4 photoageing 29.7 uraemia 44.20 22.16 anterior 61.6, 61.7, 67.4 polymorphic light eruption 29.11 calciphylaxis (calcifi c uraemic systemic 22.16 in Behçet’s disease 50.59–60 pseudoporphyria 29.7 arteriolopathy) 47.8 contact 22.2, 22.19–20, 26.25 granuloma annulare and 60.9 skin penetration 80.2 urate crystals, lobular panniculitis 46.17 allergic/immune 22.19–120, 26.104–6 hypopyon 50.60 solar urticaria 29.19 urea allergic/immune, of female genitalia intermediate 67.4 sources 29.1 as penetration enhancer 73.7 71.58 posterior 50.59–60, 61.7, 67.4 sunscreen protection from 29.8, 29.9, in sweat 44.5, 44.6 causes 22.20 in sarcoidosis 61.6, 61.7 73.40 urea frosting 62.72 non-allergic/non-immune 22.20, UVA-1 (340–400 mm) low-dose Ureaplasma urealyticum 30.69 25.1, 25.18, 25.24 broadband 29.1 female genital infection 71.68 occupational 27.5 V lichen sclerosus 51.118 urethra defi nitions 22.1–2 VAC (vacuum-assisted closure) 28.23 morphoea 51.75 caruncles 71.73 delayed pressure 22.3, 22.13, 22.14–15 vaccination/vaccines SLE 51.62 prolapse 71.73 diagnosis 22.25 adverse effects 75.138–40, 76.3, 76.4, UVA-II 29.1 stenosis in males, lichen sclerosus differential diagnosis 22.25 76.12, 76.13 UVB 8.21, 29.1, 52.3, 52.13 51.116 drug-induced 22.8, 22.10, 75.16–17, anthrax 30.41 actinic prurigo 29.14 urethritis 75.17, 75.25, 75.26 BCG see BCG vaccination chronic actinic dermatitis 29.18 anterior, chlamydial 34.29, 34.30 factitious 2 2.12–13, 22.14 Canvaxin whole-cell vaccine 54.54 coal tar with 73.42 gonococcal 34.25, 34.26 familial cold 22.16, 22.24 hepatitis B see under hepatitis B virus Hailey–Hailey disease aggravation urinary tract with familial Mediterranean fever 62.69 (HBV) 39.33 anomalies associated with female genital region 71.58 HPV infection 33.42 immunosuppressive effects 13.26–34 supernumerary nipples 70.2 food/food additive-associated 22.8, HSV infection 33.21 interactions with atmosphere 29.3 developmental anomalies 17.24 22.10–11, 26.105 leprosy 32.19 melanocyte response 58.7 in menopause 8.19 genetics 22.3 Lyme disease 62.106 mutations induced by 52.13 urine heat 22.15–16 malignant melanoma 54.54 penetration of skin 4.6–7 napkin dermatitis and 17.23 Helicobacter pylori and 22.2, 22.10 measles 33.75 photoageing 29.7 output in burns 28.78 in hepatitis B virus infection 22.8, 62.59 MMR 33.71 polymorphic light eruption 29.11 urocanic acid (UCA) 4.7, 13.32, 29.6 histology 22.3–4 rabies see under rabies repair of damage 52.13, 52.14 UROD (uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase) historical background 22.2 rubella 33.71 skin penetration 80.2 59.5 history taking 22.25 Trichophyton verrucosum 36.29 solar urticaria 29.19 urokinase 75.107 idiopathic 22.2 vaccinia 33.6, 33.7 sources 29.1 blocking acantholysis 40.14 infection and 22.2, 22.8, 22.10, 22.11 vasculitis and 50.5, 50.18, 50.55 suberythemal, in Hailey-Hailey uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase (UROD) lesions in SLE 51.38 VZV infections (varicella/zoster) 33.27, disease 39.36 59.5 localized heat 22.13, 22.15–16 63.7 sunscreen protection from 73.40 urostomy see stoma male genital region 71.16 vaccinia 33.6–7, 69.121 UVB phototherapy, non-melanoma skin Urtica dioica 22.2 mechanical injury 28.53 accidental (autoinoculation) 33.6 cancer and 52.4 urticants 25.18 menstrual cycle and 22.11 generalized 33.6 UVC 29.1, 52.3, 52.13 urticaria 22.1–30 natural history 22.27 progressive 33.6 sources 29.1 acute 22.2, 22.7–9 nickel allergy and 22.11 vaccination 33.6, 33.7 vitamin D synthesis 29.6 allergic 22.7–8 ordinary 22.2, 22.5–12 vacuoles, sebum 42.3 wavelengths 29.1, 29.2, 29.5 idiopathic 22.7 aetiology 22.7–12 vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) 28.23 see also sun exposure; sunlight in infectious mononucleosis 33.30 childhood 22.6–7 vagabond’s disease 38.22 Umbelliferae, phytophotodermatitis due intermittent 22.2 clinical features 22.5–6 pigmentation changes 58.28–9 to 29.21 investigation 22.26 papular 22.23, 38.2, 38.3 vagina umbilical artery catheterization 17.13, non-allergic (intolerance reactions) due to fl eas 38.3, 38.11 Candida albicans carriage 36.56 71.84 22.8 paraneoplastic 62.38 lichen planus 41.9 umbilical cord, infl ammation 34.15 pityriasis rosea vs 33.80 parasite infection and 22.2, 22.10 in menopause 8.19 umbilical dermatology 71.100–2 pseudoallergic 22.8 in parvovirus B19 infection 33.63 vaginal discharge 71.52, 71.53–4, congenital and developmental after streptococcal infection 30.16 pathophysiology 22.4–5 71.69 abnormalities 18.93, 71.100 alcohol-induced 22.8 physical 22.12–18 vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia, general approaches 71.1–4, 71.100 allergic 22.7–8 challenge tests 22.13 treatment 73.24 infl ammatory dermatoses 71.101 allergic contact 22.19–120, 26.104–6 classifi cation 22.12 vaginal stenosis 8.12 trauma and artefact 71.100–1 female genitalia 71.58 pregnancy and 22.11 vaginitis, in trichomoniasis 37.29 tumours and implantations 71.101 aquagenic 22.13, 22.17 prevalence 22.3 valaciclovir umbilicus associated with dental amalgam 22.11 in schistosomiasis 37.21 action 74.49 bacterial fl ora 30.4–5, 30.6 associated with prosthetic implants skin biopsy 10.43, 22.3 in herpes B virus infection 33.34 developmental anomalies 18.93, 71.100 22.11 skin testing 75.173 in herpes simplex 33.20, 33.21 granuloma 18.93 associations 22.2–3 solar see solar urticaria (SU) in herpes zoster 63.6, 67.26 polyp 18.93–4, 71.100 atopic dermatitis and 24.23 stress and 22.11–12 in zoster 33.27, 33.28 structure and function 71.100 autoantibodies in 13.21–2, 22.9 thyroid disorders and 22.2, 22.26 valdecoxib 75.77 112 Index valganciclovir primary 47.37 ANCA-associated 74.8 leg ulceration associated 47.55 in CMV infection 33.29 recurrent 47.1, 47.38 TNF antagonists in 74.8 livedoid see livedoid vasculopathy in HHV-8 infection 33.34 reticular 47.37 in animals 2.16 progressive, Degos’ disease 49.45 validity 6.18–19 secondary 47.37 annular lesions 62.112–13 sickle cell 49.47 external 6.19 surgery 47.38–9, 47.51 arterial ulceration 47.52 Vaseline 73.6 internal 6.18–19 lymphoedema after 48.13 Behçet’s disease and 50.3, 50.49, 69.47 vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) 3.12, valley fever see coccidioidomycosis treatment 47.37–40 bone and joint involvement 62.102 4.10, 63.3, 64.9 valproate see sodium valproate complications 47.38 breast 70.11 in atopic dermatitis 24.17 Valsalva manoeuvre 49.4 sclerotherapy 47.24 cerebral 50.46–7 immune function and 63.4 valves, semilunar, of veins 47.25 truncal 47.37 of Churg and Strauss see Churg–Strauss production by tumours 62.68 valvuloplasty 47.51 varicosity 47.23, 47.35 syndrome in urticaria 22.5 Van der Bend chamber 26.85 female genital dermatology 71.55 classifi cation 50.1–3 in wound healing 63.4 van der Woude syndrome 15.93–4, 18.3, venous 47.35, 47.37 Crohn’s disease and 62.51 vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)– 18.90, 18.91, 69.40, 69.41 see also varicose veins cryoglobulinaemic 50.23–5, 50.54 secretin-peptide family, PACAP van Gieson stain 10.9 variegate porphyria (VP) 59.19–20, 62.46, cutaneous 12.64 van Lohuizen’s syndrome see cutis 66.79 in scabies 38.39 vasoconstriction marmorata telangiectatica variola (smallpox) 33.5, 33.6 small vessel/leukocytoclastic 50.4, cold-induced 28.63, 28.65, 63.4 congenita vasa vasorum, occlusion 34.5 50.13–17 corticosteroid-induced 73.19–20 vancomycin 26.46, 74.43, 75.60–1 vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 cystic fi brosis and 50.53 responses in atopic dermatitis 24.15 in drug-induced linear IgA disease (VCAM-1) 13.9 defi nition 50.1 vasoconstrictor assay, topical 40.49, 76.7 in polymorphic light eruption 29.11 differential diagnosis 50.54–5 corticosteroids 73.16 in MRSA infection 30.9 in vasculitis 50.7, 50.8 drug-induced 49.21, 50.17–19, 50.49, vasodilatation vanilloid receptors 21.2, 63.2, 73.49 vascular changes, in pregnancy 8.10–11 75.17, 75.40–1 antidromic 63.5 vanishing bone disease see Gorham’s vascular coagulopathies 49.42–7 effector cells 50.6–7 cold-induced 63.4–5 (Gorham–Stout) disease vascular diseases eosinophilic (recurrent cutaneous in eczema 23.4 vanishing creams 73.7 eye and skin involvement 67.30 eosinophilic necrotizing) 50.27– infl ammatory response 12.4 vanishing penis syndrome 71.13 pigmented purpuric dermatoses and 8, 62.112 minoxidil action 73.49 variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease, 49.23 evaluation 50.12–13 nicotinamide inducing 73.51 sterilization of surgical see also specifi c diseases exercise-induced 49.18, 50.23 prolonged, telangiectases 47.13 equipment and 77.7 vascular endothelial growth factor familial Mediterranean fever and rebound, corticosteroid-induced varicella 33.22–8 (VEGF) 48.2 50.53–4 73.19–20 aetiology and epidemiology 33.22–3 in giant cell arteritis 50.43 genetic factors 50.11–12 vasodilators, in fl ushing pathogenesis antibodies 33.23 hair growth and 66.10 hepatitis C and 33.61 43.14 chronic 33.25 increased, UV radiation associated 8.21 hyper-IgD syndrome and 50.53 vasopressin 75.98 clinical features 33.24–5 in infantile haemangioma 18.41 hypereosinophilic syndrome and 50.53 Vater–Pacini corpuscles 3.15 complications 33.24–5 keratinocytes 12.16 hypocomplementaemic see vasculitis, VCAM-1 see vascular cell adhesion cytodiagnosis 10.29, 33.27 MHC and 12.16 urticarial molecule-1 diagnosis 33.27 over-expression in psoriasis 20.5 immune complex 49.18, 49.19, 49.32 VCSS classifi cation, chronic venous encephalitis 33.24 in rosacea 43.1–2 cryoglobulins causing 49.32, 49.33 insuffi ciency 47.33 fetal damage 33.23, 33.24 VEGF-A 48.2 IgA see Henoch–Schönlein purpura VDRL test 34.19, 34.21 fetal varicella syndrome 17.40–1, 18.2, VEGF-C 48.2 in immunodefi ciency 17.53 vecuronium 75.153 18.102 VEGF-D 48.2 infection and 50.5–6, 50.49, 50.55–6 vegetable oils, in topical treatment 73.5–6, fever in 33.24 in wound healing 14.2, 14.6 laboratory 50.2 73.6, 73.8 haemorrhagic 33.24 vascular endothelial growth factor leg ulceration associated 47.55 vegetation, defi nition 5.8 immune response 33.23, 33.27 receptor-1 (VEGFR-1) 14.6, 48.2 leukocytoclastic 46.32, 49.18, 50.48 VEGF see vascular endothelial growth in immunocompromised patients vascular endothelial growth factor livedo see livedoid vasculopathy factor (VEGF) 33.23, 33.24, 33.25, 33.27 receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) 14.6 lymphocytic 50.47–50 VEGFR-1 (vascular endothelial growth incubation period 33.24 vascular endothelial growth factor mimics 50.49 factor receptor-1) 14.6, 48.2 maternal 33.23 receptor-3 (VEGFR-3) 10.24, 48.2 nodular 31.24–5, 50.31–3 VEGFR-2 (vascular endothelial growth mortality 33.24, 33.25 gene mutation 48.10 nomenclature 50.1–3 factor receptor-2) 14.6 oral involvement 33.24, 69.74 lymphatic vessel marker 48.4, 48.5, panniculitis with 46.11, 46.32–4 VEGFR-3 see vascular endothelial growth pathology 33.23–4 48.19 paraneoplastic 50.4, 50.49, 50.54, factor receptor-3 persistent verrucous 35.45 vascular malformations 18.41, 18.60–75 62.41–2 vehicles prevention 33.27 arteriovenous 18.61–2, 18.79 in parvovirus B19 infection 33.63 cosmetics 26.58–60 scars 45.6 capillary 18.62–70, 18.79 pathogenesis 50.3–12 for topical therapy see under topical subclinical 33.23 venous 18.70–4 pustular 50.89 therapy treatment 33.27–8 vascular permeability pyoderma gangrenosum and 50.49, veil cells 3.51 vaccination 33.27 dengue haemorrhagic fever 33.68 50.67 veiled cells 55.3, 55.4 vesicles 33.24 mast cell activation effect 3.20 relapsing polychondritis and 50.48–9, veins varicella gangrenosa 33.25 vascular permeability factor see vascular 50.54 anatomy 47.25 varicella zoster virus (VZV) 33.22–8 endothelial growth factor renal involvement 62.71 deep 47.25 detection (antigen, DNA, proteins) (VEGF) respiratory tract 62.82–3 incompetence 47.41 33.27 vascular proliferation, atypical post- in rheumatoid arthritis 51.132 insuffi ciency 47.33 in HIV infection 35.28–39 radiation 48.31 sarcoidosis and 61.17 disorders see venous disorders infection vascular reactivity, abnormal, rosacea segmental hyalinizing see livedoid pathophysiology 47.25–8 disseminated, in HIV infection 35.29 pathogenesis 43.1–2 vasculopathy perforating (perforators) 47.25 female genitalia 71.69 vascular spider see spider angioma Sjögren’s syndrome and 50.49, 50.52–3 eczema and 47.34 see also varicella; zoster vascular system in SLE 50.48, 51.39 insuffi ciency 47.33, 47.34, 47.39 Oka strain 33.27 in Behçet’s disease 50.60 small vessel 12.32, 62.82 physiology 47.25 reactivation 33.22, 33.23 in Ehlers–Danlos syndrome 45.32, Sweet’s syndrome and 50.3, 50.77–8 ‘sunburst’ 47.39, 47.40 in HIV infection 35.28–39 45.34–5 in systemic disease 50.52–4 superfi cial 47.25 see also zoster head and neck 77.2, 77.3 ulcerative colitis and 62.51 insuffi ciency 47.32–3, 47.42 replication 33.23–4 skin 3.2, 3.3 urticarial 22.18–19, 50.21–3, 50.48 valve incompetence 47.25 transmission 33.23 vascular tone, face and neck 43.14 histopathology 22.3, 50.22 varicose see varicose veins vaccine 8.28, 33.27, 63.7 vascular tumours 18.40–52 hypocomplementaemic 13.22, 22.19, veldt sore 47.56 viraemia 33.22, 33.23 benign 56.25–31 50.22 vellus cyst, eruptive 53.7 varices, hands 47.16 indeterminate malignancy 56.31–7 with monoclonal gammopathy vellus hair 3.13 varicography 47.36 malignant 56.37–41 (Schnitzler’s syndrome) 22.23–4, velocardiofacial syndrome 13.8 varicose eczema 26.19 reactive 56.23–5 50.53, 62.94 Venereal Disease Research Laboratory differential diagnosis 26.29 see also haemangioma normocomplementaemic 50.22 (VDRL) antigen test 34.19, 34.21 varicose veins 47.13, 47.37–40 vasculature, infl ammation and 12.68 vaccination and 50.5, 50.18, 50.55 venesection, in polycythaemia rubra vera arteriovenous shunting 47.21 vasculitic acne 42.85 Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome and 50.54 62.86 clinical features and diagnosis 47.37 vasculitis 50.1–56, 51.1 vasculogenesis 47.1 Venezualan haemorrhagic fever 33.66, α in pregnancy 8.10–11 1-antitrypsin defi ciency and 50.11, vasculopathy 33.67, 33.69 prevalence and classifi cation 47.37 50.53 crystal globulin 49.38 venlafaxine 64.20, 64.51

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–24.34; Volume 2, pp. 25.1–44.22; Volume 3, pp. 45.1–62.113; Volume 4, pp. 63.1–80.14 Index 113 veno-occlusive priapism 71.51 healing, pathology 47.42 Vespidae/Vespoidea 38.14 serological tests 33.4, 33.5 Venofer 39.29 infections 47.44, 47.49 Vespula 38.14 TORCH syndrome 33.76–7 venom malignant changes 47.45–6, 47.50 vestibular papillae, female genital vasculitis and 50.49, 50.55 Cnidaria 38.55 management 47.47–50 dermatology 71.55 see also individual viral infections fi sh 38.59–60 measurement 47.49 vestibular papillomatosis, female genital viral warts see human papillomavirus Hymenoptera 22.8, 38.14 pathogenesis 47.42 dermatology 71.55 (HPV) Mollusca 38.59 recurrent 47.50–1, 47.51 vestibulodynia 71.82 Virchow’s triad 47.28 scorpion 38.33 social factors 47.43–4 veterinarians, occupational hazards 27.3, virus(es) sea urchin 38.58 surgery 47.51–2 27.5, 27.21 assembly and release 33.3 snake 38.60 see also ulcer(s), leg veterinary dermatology 2.8–19 attachment 33.1 spider 38.31, 38.32 lipodermatosclerosis 47.34 Viagra see sildenafi l classifi cation 33.2–3 venous ankle fl are 47.14, 47.33 pathogenic theories 47.26–7 vibration injury 28.56–60 culture 33.4 venous disorders 47.25–41 venous varicosity 47.35, 47.37 vibration tests, mechanical injury 28.5 detection methods 33.4 chronic 47.13 see also varicose veins vibration white fi nger 27.17, 28.26, 28.56, DNA 33.1, 33.2, 33.4, 33.14 chronic insuffi ciency see chronic venous venous vessels 3.51 28.57–8 double-stranded DNA 33.1, 33.2, insuffi ciency (CVI) venules 3.51 vibratory angio-oedema 28.58 33.5 deep vein incompetence 47.41 chronically dilated 47.12 Vibrio alginolyticus 30.18 single-stranded DNA 33.2 lymphoedema association 48.12, 48.13 dilatation, telangiectasia 47.12, 47.13 Vibrio cholerae 6.11 in lichen planus pathogenesis 41.2–3 physiology/pathophysiology 47.25–8 leg, laser therapy 78.8 Vibrio vulnifi cus 30.59 neurotropic 33.1 mechanisms 47.26–8 venulitis vibrissae 66.2, 66.6 proteins 33.3 post-thrombotic syndrome see post- cutaneous necrotizing 50.4, 50.13–17 vidarabine 35.28, 74.48 replication 33.1, 33.3, 33.4 thrombotic syndrome (PTS) in urticarial vasculitis 22.18 vigabatrin 75.86 RNA 33.1, 33.2, 33.3–4 varicose veins see varicose veins verapamil 75.95 villi 10.42 diseases/infections 33.75 see also venous thrombosis; specifi c Verbenaceae 26.81 vimentin 3.9, 3.51, 10.22, 69.39 negative-sense 33.1, 33.3 disorders vermilionectomy 77.36 VIN see vulval intraepithelial neoplasia positive-sense (mRNA) 33.1, 33.2–3 venous hypertension 47.25, 47.26, 47.37 vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) 67.14, (VIN) RNA tumour 33.1 chronic, lipodermatosclerosis 46.30–1 67.15, 67.16 vinblastine 75.132 see also specifi c viruses elderly people 8.28 clinical features 67.13 vincristine virus-associated haemophagocytic in livedoid vasculopathy 49.44 vernal plaque 67.14 adverse effects 70.5, 75.132 syndrome 55.30–1 post-thrombotic syndrome 47.40 vernix caseosa 17.2, 17.4, 17.6, 17.11, in infantile haemangioma 18.51 virus-induced histiocytic medullary venous leg ulceration and 47.42 30.3–4, 42.3 in Kasabach–Merritt syndrome/ reticulosis 55.30–1 see also venous pressure, elevated Verocay bodies 56.46 phenomenon 18.57 virus-induced histiocytosis with venous insuffi ciency verruca necrogenica 31.12 vinegar erythrophagocytosis 55.30–1 acroangiodermatitis (of Mali) and 49.17 ‘verruca socks’ 33.48 in alkali burns 27.12 visceral leishmaniasis 37.41–3 in arteriovenous fi stulae 47.21 verrucae 28.54 in jellyfi sh stings 38.57 viscous extension/slip 4.8 chronic see chronic venous insuffi ciency verruciform xanthoma vinyl chloride 27.17, 45.51–2 vision, colour, in animals 2.6 (CVI) female genital dermatology 71.73 vinyl chloride disease 51.80 visual impairment deep veins 47.33 male genital dermatology 71.36 violin spider 38.32 in giant cell arteritis 50.43, 50.44 lymphoedema association 48.12, 48.13 verrucous carcinoma 33.55, 52.26 VIP see vasoactive intestinal peptide in infantile haemangioma 18.45–6 perforating (perforators) veins 47.33, external auditory canal 68.33 (VIP) in leprosy 32.13–14 47.34, 47.39 female genital dermatology 71.76–7 VIP–secretin-peptide family, PACAP in onchocerciasis 37.4, 37.5, 37.7 superfi cial 47.32–3, 47.42 male genital dermatology 71.22, 71.42, 12.64 vitallium 26.37 venous lake (venous varix) 47.16, 69.101 71.44–6 viral infection 33.1–81 vitamin(s) 59.60–7 venous macrocirculation 47.25 oral cavity 69.53 acne association 42.79 vitamin A 64.49 venous malformations 18.70–4, 47.23–5 see also Buschke–Löwenstein tumour in animals 2.22 analogues see retinoids disorders associated 47.23–5 verrucous hyperplasia, mechanical injury antibody production 33.4 defi ciency 59.60, 67.31 solitary 47.23 and 28.28 in atopic dermatitis 24.12–13, 24.24 pigmentation changes 58.28 venous microcirculation 47.26–8 verrucous perforating collagenoma 45.65 bystander activation hypothesis and derivatives, in sebaceous gland activity venous outfl ow obstruction 47.26 verruga peruana 30.57–8 50.6 reduction 42.16 deep-vein 47.32 versican 3.46 cutaneous problems 33.76–81 intoxication 59.60 venous pressure 47.25 gene 3.48 cytodiagnosis 10.29 isotretinoin interaction 42.65 ambulatory, normal lowering 47.25 vertebral collapse, in Langerhans’ cell Degos’ disease aetiology 49.45 measles treatment 33.76 elevated 47.25, 47.26, 47.27, 47.41 histiocytosis (LCH) 55.12 ear 68.20 oral, acne vulgaris treatment 42.66 pigmented purpuric dermatoses and vertebrates electron microscopy 10.30 see also retinol 49.22 epidermis and dermis 2.2–3 erythema multiforme and 33.76, 76.2 vitamin A acid see retinoic acid (tretinoin; see also venous hypertension pigment cells 2.5 erythema nodosum and 33.76 vitamin A acid) measurement 47.36 vertical growth carcinoma, male genital exanthems 33.3–4, 33.4 vitamin B complex 59.62 venous refl ux 47.25–6, 47.32–3 dermatology 71.42 eyes 67.24–5 vitamin B supplements, high-dose, investigations 47.35 vertical traction, in evaluation of female genital dermatology 71.69–70 pyoderma faciale and 42.84 superfi cial 47.37 mechanical properties of skin Gianotti–Crosti syndrome in see vitamin B1 75.113 venous return 47.25 28.5 Gianotti–Crosti syndrome vitamin B3 see nicotinic acid venous stasis very late antigen-1 13.9 granuloma annulare and 60.1 vitamin B6 59.62, 75.113 lipomembranous fat necrosis and vesicles 10.37 haemorrhagic fevers 33.66–70 vitamin B12 59.62–3 46.22–3 in carbon monoxide poisoning 28.93–4 diagnosis 33.68 defi ciency 62.85 purpura due to 49.14 in CMV infection 33.29 idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura hair colour changes in 66.94 venous surgery, for varicose veins 47.38 defi nition 5.8 association 49.9, 49.10 oral involvement 69.56, 69.85–6, venous thrombosis 47.25, 47.28–32 fl uid, viral infection diagnosis 33.4 insect-borne 33.66–70 69.116, 69.117 Mondor’s disease see Mondor’s disease in foot and mouth disease 33.74 laboratory diagnosis 33.4–5 pigmentation changes in 58.27 in paroxysmal nocturnal in hand, foot and mouth disease 33.71 specimens 33.4 in systemic sclerosis 51.102 haemoglobinuria 49.30 in herpangina (coxsackievirus infection) latent 33.3 sclerodermiform reaction 28.44–5 recurrent 47.7 33.71 lips 69.121 vitamin C 59.65–6 superfi cial 47.30 in herpes simplex 33.16, 33.18 lytic 33.3 adverse effects 75.114 see also deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) intradermal, incontinentia pigmenti neonatal 17.39–42 analogues 80.3 venous tone 47.25 58.15 oral cavity 69.72–7, 69.118 defi ciency 59.65–6, 59.66 venous ulceration 47.35 in Kaposi’s varicelliform eruption papular–purpuric gloves and socks bone and joint involvement 62.101, fi brin cuff-theory 47.26–7, 47.27 33.35 syndrome 33.76 62.105 leg 47.41–52 in varicella 33.24 pathogenesis 33.1–3 differential diagnosis 50.54 arterial disease coexistence 47.42 in viral infections 33.4 pathology 33.1–5 epidemiology 6.1 associated conditions 47.43–6 in zoster 33.25 permissive cells 33.1 gingival involvement 69.21, 69.117 clinical features 47.42–3 vesico–urachal diverticulum 18.94 persistent 33.3 purpura in 49.4, 49.15 complications 47.43–6 vesicular bodies 4.2 polyarteritis nodosa in 33.77 wound healing and 14.18 diagnosis 47.47 vesicular stomatitis virus 33.74 purpura associated 49.20–1 dithranol with 73.30 epidemiology 47.41–2 vesiculobullous systemic lupus reactivation 33.3 supplements failure to heal 47.42 erythematosus 40.56–8 sarcoidal reaction in 61.22 in miliaria 44.16 haemorrhage 47.45 Vespa 38.14 sarcoidosis and 61.17 in wound healing 14.24 114 Index vitamin D 59.61 vomiting piebaldism in 66.93 non-melanoma skin cancer associations analogues 73.43–8 self-induced 64.22 piebaldism vs 58.42 in EV 52.5 in psoriasis 20.26, 73.43 sweating following 44.7 Wachters’ keratoderma (focal occlusion 33.48 sensitization by 73.43 urticaria and 22.5 palmoplantar keratodermas) oral cavity 33.47, 33.48, 69.111 calciotropic activity 73.43 von Frey’s syndrome 44.10, 44.11 19.3, 19.94, 19.95, 19.102–5 pathology 33.41–2 cutaneous calciphylaxis and 49.48 von Hippel–Lindau syndrome 62.20, Wade–Fite stain 10.10 perianal 33.46, 33.59, 35.45 cytokine release 73.43 62.22, 62.69 waist circumference 46.5 treatment 73.25 defi ciency 29.6, 29.9, 54.34 von Kossa method 10.10 Walbaum–Dehane–Schlemmer syndrome periungual 33.43, 33.48 in psoriasis 73.43 von Recklinghausen’s disease see 15.56 phobias 64.24 receptor 73.43 neurofi bromatosis, type 1 Waldenström’s macroglobulinaemia pigmented 33.47 hair growth and 66.11 von Willebrand factor 49.12, 49.29 22.24, 49.13 plane (fl at) 33.42, 33.59 response elements 73.43 receptor, GP1bα, expressed by dermal oral involvement 69.114 clinical features 33.44, 33.45 synthesis 4.1, 29.6, 54.34, 73.43 dendrocytes 55.4 purpura in 49.19 imiquimod therapy 73.24 pigmentation hindering 58.9 in wound healing 14.3 Waldeyer’s oropharyngeal ring 13.9, plantar 33.40 therapeutic actions, mechanisms 73.43 von Willebrand’s disease, bleeding time 69.2 clinical features 33.43–4 Williams–Beuren syndrome and 45.25 49.6 Wallace’s line 5.15, 5.16 pathology 33.41 vitamin D3 29.6 voriconazole 36.68, 36.69, 36.86, 74.47, walnut hair dye 66.97 transmission 33.40 vitamin E 59.61 75.66 warble fl y 38.9 in transplant recipients 33.59 adverse effects 75.114, 75.167 vorinostat 57.28 warfarin treatment 33.48, 33.49, 33.50 allergy to 26.46 Vörner’s keratoderma (epidermolytic adverse effects 75.105, 75.167 race and 9.18 secretion by sebaceous glands 42.7 palmoplantar keratoderma) cutaneous calciphylaxis associated regression 33.42, 33.43, 33.44, 33.48 topical 75.167 19.94, 19.95–7 49.48 sarcoidosis and 61.17 vitamin K VP (variegate porphyria) 59.19–20, 62.46, platelet function abnormalities and satellite 33.44 adverse effects 45.52, 75.114 66.79 49.13 seborrhoeic see seborrhoeic keratosis allergy to 26.46 VP-16 see etoposide surgical complications and 77.9 senile see seborrhoeic keratosis antagonists 47.29 vulva warfarin necrosis 49.39 soft see skin tags defi ciency, wound healing and 14.18 allergic contact dermatitis 26.18–19 male genital dermatology 71.27 surgery 33.49 prophylaxis 49.51 amoebiasis 37.28 warmth receptors 4.9 tar 27.16 sclerodermiform reaction to 28.44–5 angiokeratoma 18.60 wart(s) 33.39–54 transmission 33.40 vitamin K-dependent coagulant factors bacterial fl ora 30.4 acne vs 42.37 iatrogenic 33.40, 33.50 49.39 cancer, lymphoedema 48.8 affecting eyelids 67.24 in transplant recipients 33.59, 62.74 Vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKORC1) cicatricial pemphigoid, differential anatomist’s/prosector’s 31.10, 31.12 treatment 33.48–54 72.29 diagnosis 51.117 anogenital 33.39 bleomycin 73.23 vitelline duct 71.100 elephantiasis 30.70 ‘acuminate’ 33.44 imiquimod 73.24 anomalies 18.93–4 hidradenoma papilliferum 53.20–1 in children 33.40–1, 33.46 sensitizing agents 73.39 vitiligo 58.46–9, 59.79 lichen planus 41.9 clinical features 33.44–6 topical 5-FU 73.23 in Addison’s disease 62.5 lichen sclerosus 51.113–18 epidemiology 33.39–40, 34.2 vaccination 33.50 aetiology 58.46–7 lymphangiectasia 48.28 fl at warts 33.46 see also human papillomavirus (HPV) with alopecia areata 66.35 lymphoedema 48.16 genital lymphangiectasia vs 48.28 ‘wart paint’ 33.48 in animals 2.23 normal bacterial fl ora 30.4 in HIV infection 33.59, 35.29–30 Warthin–Starry technique 10.10, 34.19, assessment 72.11 Paget’s disease 53.40–1 immunity impairment 33.42 35.25 autoantibodies 58.46 pruritus 21.12, 21.13, 21.15 incubation period 33.40, 33.41 warts, hypogammaglobulinaemia, breast 70.17 pyoderma gangrenosum 50.70 infectivity and transmission 33.40 infection, myelokathexis clinical features 58.47–8 squamous cell carcinoma 51.116 malignant condylomas vs 33.42 syndrome 17.81, 33.59 complete 58.48 syphilitic chancre 34.7 maternal, infectivity 33.40 warty dyskeratoma 69.26 diagnosis 58.48 vulval epithelium 71.52, 71.53 non-sexual transmission 33.40–1 WAS see Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome diascopy 5.19 vulval intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) pathology 33.42 washing, compulsive 64.24 differential diagnosis 36.11 71.74–6 prevalence 34.2 washing powders 25.20 disorders associated 58.46, 58.48 differentiated 71.75 recurrence 33.46 WASP (Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome electron microscopy 10.29–30 vulval lentigines 71.80 sexual transmission 33.40, 33.41 protein) 17.62 with endocrine autoimmune conditions vulval lymphangiectasia 71.81 sites 33.44 wasps 62.13 vulval lymphoedema 71.81 terminology 33.44 hypersensitivity to 22.8, 38.1, 38.3, female genital dermatology 71.63 vulval melanosis 71.79–80 transmission in adults 33.40 38.14–15 hair colour and 58.48, 66.93 vulval oedema 71.81 transmission in children 33.40–1 social 38.14 in HIV infection 35.12 vulval pain syndromes 71.81–2 treatment 33.49, 33.50, 33.51, 73.25 solitary 38.14 incidence 58.46 vulval papillomatosis 33.46 see also condylomata acuminata venom 38.14 koebnerization 26.26, 26.27, 28.3 vulval phycomycosis 71.69 in atopic dermatitis 24.24 Wassermann reaction 51.2 male genital dermatology 71.49 vulval purpura, chronic 71.61–2 butchers’ 33.47 water neurogenic hypothesis 58.47 vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) clinical features 33.42–6 evaporation from skin surface 3.12 occupational 27.15, 58.9 HPV and 33.54–5 common 33.40 as irritant 25.19 pathology 58.47 treatment 73.24 around genitalia 33.43 water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions 73.7 piebaldism vs 58.42 vulvar pemphigoid 40.34 clinical features 33.42–3 Waterhouse–Friderichsen syndrome 62.5 quality of life 64.10 vulvitis 71.59, 71.61 malignant change 33.43 waterless cleansers 25.20 race and 9.6–7 in trichomoniasis 37.29 pathology 33.41 Watson’s syndrome 15.20 segmental 58.48 vulvodynia 71.81–2 transmission 33.40 wattle 18.84 self-destruct theory of Lerner 58.47 contact allergy and 26.19 cryotherapy 33.49–50 wax(es) skin biopsy 10.42 race and 9.19 curettage 33.49, 77.40 ear see cerumen skin grafts 77.21–2 vulvovaginal melanosis 58.15 deep palmoplantar 33.41 emulsifying 73.7 spontaneous repigmentation 58.48 vulvovaginal–gingival lichen planus digitate 33.44 in topical therapy 73.7 treatment 58.48–9, 73.26, 73.27 (VVG-LP) 41.9, 41.10, 71.60 duration 33.44, 33.46 wax esters, in sebum 42.5, 42.22 trichrome 58.48 vulvovaginitis electrosurgery 33.49, 77.46 waxy keratoses of childhood 19.93 in Vogt–Koyanagi-Harada syndrome atrophic 8.20 epidemiology 33.39–40 weal and fl are reaction, in solar urticaria 58.46 Candida 36.61–2, 36.68 in epidermodysplasia verruciformis 29.19 Wood’s light examination 5.19 streptococcal 30.32 33.57 weals vitronectin 13.4, 14.3, 14.4 VWF (vibration white fi nger) 27.17, 28.26, fi liform 33.44, 33.45 amplifi cation and prolongation 22.4 VLA-1 (very late antigen-1) 13.9 28.56, 28.57–8 genital, imiquimod therapy 73.24 caused by physical stimuli 22.12 Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada syndrome V–Y plasty 77.35 hands 33.48 defi nition 5.8, 22.1 (VKHS) 58.45–6, 66.93 in HIV infection and AIDS 33.59 in delayed pressure urticaria 22.14 premature greying of hair 58.48 in immunodefi ciency 17.52, 33.58–9 immediate weal skin tests 5.22, 5.23–4 Vohwinkel’s syndrome 19.3, 19.19, 19.94, W incubation period 33.40, 33.41 intradermal injection skin testing 19.98, 19.108, 45.70 W-plasty 77.35 laser therapy 33.50, 78.8 5.22–3 Voight’s lines 5.17, 9.2, 9.3 Waardenburg’s syndrome 58.43–4, 69.12 mosaic plantar 5.14, 33.44, 33.48 measurement 5.23 volcano lesion 37.38 clinical features and variants 58.43 Murray Williams’ 23.39 resolution 22.4 volume expanders, platelet function genes, dog coat colour and 2.7 nail involvement 33.43, 33.48, 65.30–1 urticarial 22.5, 22.6, 22.25 disorders 49.12–13 genetics 2.7, 58.44 non-melanoma skin cancer and 52.11 wear and tear, in telangiectases 47.13

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–24.34; Volume 2, pp. 25.1–44.22; Volume 3, pp. 45.1–62.113; Volume 4, pp. 63.1–80.14 Index 115

wear and tear dermatitis 23.20 white folded gingivostomatosis 35.43, World Bank, skin diseases report 6.16 glyphic 45.2 cumulative irritant contact dermatitis 69.23–4 World Health Organization (WHO), treatment 8.25, 8.27 25.1, 25.5, 25.12–13, 25.14, 25.15 white ovoid macules 15.22 Adverse Reactions Database wrinkling, abnormal 28.93 Weber–Christian syndrome 46.13, 46.15, White Soft Paraffi n BP 73.2 75.3, 75.4 wrinkly skin syndrome 45.15, 45.61 46.24 in eyelash louse infection 38.23 Woronin bodies 36.3 wrist sign 45.30 Weber–Cockayne syndrome 39.4, 39.6, white-spot disease see lichen sclerosus wound(s) WRN gene 15.77 39.30–1 ‘white spotting’ 58.42 activated fi broblasts 12.31 Wuchereria bancrofti 37.3, 37.9–10 friction blisters in 28.13 white-tailed spiders 38.32 acute 14.9 Wyburn–Mason syndrome 18.62 weed-wacker dermatitis 58.32 whiteheads 42.22, 42.30, 42.36 assessment 14.19–20 see also phytophotodermatitis Whitfi eld’s ointment 25.18, 36.47, 36.48, chronic 14.1–2, 14.11–12 weeverfi sh 38.59 36.49 cleansing 14.21–2 X Wegener’s autoantigen 13.4, 50.39 composition and indications 73.13 closure 14.10 X-linked chronic granulomatous disease Wegener’s granulomatosis (WG) 45.42, whitlow compression bandaging 14.20–1, 38.31, 13.4 50.39–41 herpetic 33.17, 65.22–3 38.60 X-linked dominant ichthyosis (XLDI; aetiology and pathogenesis 50.5–6, syphilis differential diagnosis 34.7 debridement 14.22 Conradi–Hünermann–Happle 50.7, 50.39, 50.55 WHO, Adverse Reactions Database 75.3, desiccation 14.17 syndrome) 19.3, 19.49–52, 62.100 breast involvement 70.11 75.4 dressings see dressings X-linked dominant (XLD) inheritance cardiac involvement 62.78 whole-body occlusion, corticosteroid embryonic 14.2, 14.9 15.4, 15.5 clinical features 50.39–40 therapy 73.20 fetal 14.2, 14.9 X-linked dyskeratosis congenita 15.36 cutaneous small vessel vasculitis in Wickham’s striae, lichen planus 41.6 foreign bodies 14.17 X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal 50.13 Widmer classifi cation, chronic venous full thickness 14.10 dysplasia 15.43, 15.58–60 differential diagnosis 50.69–70 insuffi ciency 47.32 granulation tissue (provisional matrix) X-linked ichthyosis ear involvement 68.17 widow spiders 38.31 14.1, 14.3, 14.6, 14.7 genetics 15.5, 15.6 genetic factors 50.11 Wiener’s pore (dilated pore) 53.3 haematoma formation 14.17 pregnancy/labour in 8.9 ocular involvement 67.25 wigs 26.18, 66.24 healing see wound healing recessive 3.11, 19.3, 19.9–13 oral involvement 69.58, 69.118 Wilkinson’s triangle 26.24 infection 14.16–17 X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome in parvovirus B19 infection 33.63 Williams syndrome 3.44, 45.25 maggot debridement 14.22, 38.8 13.6, 13.11, 17.64 relapse 30.7 willingness to pay (WTP) 72.22 measurement 14.19 vasculitis and 50.49 respiratory tract involvement 62.83 Wilson’s disease 59.76 myiasis 38.8, 38.9, 38.10 X-linked recessive dyskeratosis congenita treatment Wimberger’s sign 34.15 non-healing 64.38, 64.43 15.78–80 cyclophosphamide 74.17 Winchester syndrome 45.50, 66.76 open 14.10 X-linked recessive ichthyosis 3.11, 19.3, TNF antagonists 74.5, 74.8 Winer’s pore, pinna 68.28 partial thickness 14.10 19.9–13 Weibel–Palade bodies 3.51–2 ‘wire-loop’ lesions, kidneys 51.34 Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection 14.16, X-linked recessive (XLR) inheritance electron microscopy 10.30 Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome 13.13, 62.28, 30.49, 30.50 15.3 p-selectin 12.71 62.95–6, 69.117 surgical X-ray(s) 79.1, 79.2 weight loss bacterial infection and 30.8 closure 77.16–17 in allergic contact dermatitis 26.102 cellulite management 46.10 genetics 13.11 complications 77.5, 77.8–9 burns 28.84 lymphoedema management 48.23 immunodefi ciency and 17.62–3 dog-ear/pseudo-dog-ear repairs contrast lymphography 48.17 in obesity 46.7–8 oral involvement 69.31 77.16 epilation by 66.53–4 Weil’s disease 30.66 vasculitis and 50.54 dressings 7.17–18, 77.9 non-melanoma skin cancer association Weir Mitchell’s disease 47.9 Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome protein infection 77.5, 77.8, 77.9 52.5 Weir–Mitchell type, partial lipoatrophy (WASP) 17.62 secondary intention healing 77.12, in Sturge–Weber syndrome 18.66 46.39–40 witchcraft syndrome 64.40 77.15, 77.16, 77.18, 77.19 venous malformations 18.71 welders, occupational hazards 27.21 witch’s milk 17.5 unequal length edges 77.16 see also radiography well being, concept of 64.4 Witkop syndrome 15.56, 15.65 treatment xanthelasma 59.84 Wells’ syndrome (eosinophilic cellulitis) Witkop–von Sallmann syndrome 69.25 honey role 73.48 eyelids 67.33 46.12, 46.33–4, 62.87 Wnt 66.10 principles 14.19–27 treatment 77.46, 77.50, 78.14 Werlhof’s disease see idiopathic signaling 3.3, 3.4, 3.7 wound care xanthoerythroderma perstans 23.7–8, thrombocytopenic purpura adherens junctions action 3.23 burns 28.78, 28.84–6 57.57 (ITP) Wnt/β-catenin pathway, melanocyte pressure ulcers 28.22–3 xanthogranuloma Wermer syndrome 62.24, 62.68 development 58.3 see also dressings adult-onset 68.16 Werner’s syndrome 15.77, 15.81, 45.57–8, Wohlfahrtia 38.8, 38.9 wound-care services 14.21 ear 68.16 51.79, 58.23–4, 62.27–8 Wolbachia 37.7, 37.9 wound healing 14.1–27 generalized lichenoid variant 55.16 atrophy of acral parts 51.79 wolf spiders 38.32 angiogenesis 14.6–7 juvenile 15.20, 67.33 bone and joint involvement 62.100 Wolffi an ducts 8.2 biological aspects 14.1–9 necrobiotic 55.27–9, 60.14, 62.45 greying of hair 66.92 Wolf–Hirschhorn syndrome 15.12, 18.2, clinical aspects 14.9–15 eyelids 67.33 West Nile fever/virus 33.67, 38.5 18.103 complications 14.15–19 solitary giant 55.15 western blotting 11.5 women defensins 12.7 spindle cell 55.20 Treponema pallidum 34.20 HIV infection 35.44 effects of age 14.2, 14.9, 14.17–18, 45.2 xanthogranulomatous reaction 55.6, Western equine encephalitis virus 33.66, risk of adverse drug reactions 75.6 in elderly people 14.2, 14.9, 14.17–18 55.15 33.67 sebum production 42.10 fi broblast recruitment and matrix xanthoma 59.81–93 western red cedar 26.80 see also entries beginning female synthesis 14.7–8 in acquired generalized lipodystrophy wet-wrap technique wood, allergic contact dermatitis to 26.79, hyaluronic acid 3.49 (AGL) 46.38 in atopic dermatitis 24.30 26.80–1, 26.82–4 impaired, corticosteroid-induced bone and joint involvement 62.105 in eczema 23.38 Wood Alcohols BP 73.7 73.19 ear 68.17 wetting agents 25.20 wood dust 25.21, 26.20 improvement, retinoic acid 73.36 eruptive 59.79, 59.85 Weyer acrofacial dysostosis 15.56 wood rosin 26.79 in infancy and childhood 14.2 eyes 59.84–5 WG see Wegener’s granulomatosis (WG) wood tars 73.42 infl ammation and immune response juvenile see juvenile xanthogranuloma whales 2.3 woodcutters’ dermatitis 26.77 14.2–4 multiple eruptive in infancy see juvenile Wharton’s duct 69.5 Wood’s lamp 29.2 infl ammatory cells 14.1, 14.2 xanthogranuloma Whiff test 71.53 pigmentation examination 58.9 integrins 12.69 in necrobiotic xanthogranuloma WHIM syndrome 17.81, 33.59 Wood’s light 5.19–20, 36.6 by primary intention 14.9–10 55.27 whiplash rove beetles 38.27 in erythrasma 30.38 re-epithelialization 14.4–6, 14.10, 14.17 palmar 59.85 whipping injuries 28.32 in pityriasis versicolor 36.11 by secondary intention 14.10 papular 55.19–20 Whipple’s disease 59.59, 61.23, 62.55 woodworkers, occupational hazards following Mohs micrographic tendons 59.84 arthralgia in 62.105 27.21 surgery 77.29 tuberous 59.85 whirlpools 28.54–5 wool 2.3 surgical wounds 77.12, 77.15, 77.16, verruciform 68.16, 69.112–13 Whitaker’s syndrome 13.13, 15.31, 36.64, fi bres as irritant 25.19 77.18, 77.19 psoriasis in HIV infection vs 35.17 62.12–14 wool fat see lanolin skin innervation and 63.4 xanthoma disseminatum 55.15, 55.20–2 white atrophy 15.13, 23.35, 47.34, 49.44 wool wax alcohols 26.58 stress and 14.1 atypical 55.22 white blood cells woolly hair, hypotrichosis, everted lower systemic factors affecting 14.18–19 variant 55.21 trapping, in venous disorders 47.27 lip and outstanding ears 15.56 tertiary 14.10 xanthoma multiplex/naeviforme see see also entries beginning leukocyte woolly hair, keratoderma and cardiac wrinkles 8.19, 8.22–3, 8.27 juvenile xanthogranuloma ‘white clots’ 49.28 disease and 19.94, 19.107 ageing and 45.2–3 xanthoma tuberosum, congenital see white fi nger 27.17, 28.26, 28.56, 28.57–8 Woringer–Kolopp disease 57.15 defi nition 45.2 juvenile xanthogranuloma 116 Index xanthomatosis XXYY syndrome 15.14 Ziehl–Neelsen stain 10.10 clinical features 33.25–6 cerebrotendinous 59.91 XYY syndrome 15.14, 42.18 zileuton (Zyfl o) 12.61, 13.4 complications 33.26 diffuse normolipaemic plane 55.22 zinc cytodiagnosis 10.29 diffuse plane 55.22 defi ciency see zinc defi ciency diagnosis 33.27 xanthosiderohistiocytosis 55.21 Y metabolism 59.75 electron microscopy 10.30 disseminated see xanthoma Y-linked genes 15.4 oral, acne vulgaris treatment 42.66 disseminated 33.25 disseminatum Yasmin®, acne treatment 42.53 supplements, effects on wound healing ear involvement 68.20, 68.28 xenon arc lamp 29.2 yatapox 33.5 14.24–5 see also herpes zoster oticus Xenopsylla cheopis 30.73, 38.11 yaws 30.36, 30.63, 38.6, 71.31–2, 71.95 topical 14.24 in elderly people 8.28, 33.25, 33.26, xeroderma, pruritus, in old age and 8.27 bush 37.34, 37.35, 37.39–41 wart treatment 33.50 33.28 xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) 13.13, ‘daughter yaws’ 30.63 zinc acetate, topical erythromycin with gustatory hyperhidrosis following 52.10, 62.20, 62.22 in HIV infection 35.25 42.16, 42.41 44.10 aetiology 15.70–1 latent syphilis vs 34.12 zinc chloride 25.21 in HIV infection 33.25, 68.28 autosomal dominant 15.73 ‘mother yaw’ 30.63 zinc defi ciency 59.60, 59.72–4 immune response 33.23 clinical diversity 15.72 yeasts 36.2 acne lesions vs 42.37 in immunocompromised patients 33.23 clinical features 15.72–3 black 36.77 acquired 62.65 in infancy 33.23 diagnosis 15.73, 29.23 identifi cation 36.9 in acrodermatitis enteropathica 69.31 in malaria 37.27 differential diagnosis 15.81 lipophilic, overgrowth 42.75 in animals 2.17 male genital region 71.33 DNA repair defects 52.10 normal skin fl ora 35.13, 36.10 in breastfed infants 59.73–4 motor involvement 33.25 genetics 15.5, 15.70–5 see also fungi hair loss in 66.28–9 ophthalmic 33.25–6, 33.26, 33.28, 67.26 melanoma association 54.48 Yellow and White Soft Paraffi n BP 73.6 napkin dermatitis and 17.25 in HIV infection 35.28 neoplasia and 15.72 yellow card scheme 75.3 necrolytic acral erythema and 62.59 oral involvement 69.74–5, 69.118 neurological complications 15.73 yellow fever 33.67, 33.68, 38.5 during pregnancy 18.2 orofacial 33.26 nucleotide excision repair 15.71–2 yellow-jackets 38.14 treatment, oral zinc sulphate 59.75 pain 33.25, 33.26 ocular lesions 15.73 yellow nail syndrome 48.10, 48.21, 62.83, venous leg ulcers and 47.44 see also post-herpetic neuralgia oral involvement 69.42 65.12, 65.16–17 wound healing and 14.18 pathology 33.24 pathology 15.72 in HIV infection 35.41 zinc metalloenzymes 3.41 perianal/perineal 71.95 pigmentation in 58.24 Yersinia enterocolitica 30.55 zinc oxide 73.8 prevention 33.27 prenatal diagnosis 16.3 in cellulitis 30.18 dithranol with 73.30 renal involvement 62.71 skin sensitivity 15.72 Yersinia pestis 30.54–5 paste(s) 73.2 sacral squamous cell carcinoma in 52.28 Yersinia pseudotuberculosis 30.34, 50.45 bandaging 47.48 male genital region 71.33 treatment 15.73–4, 73.23 ‘yesterday use’ question 72.6–7 as sunscreen 73.40 perianal/perineal 71.95 trichothiodystrophy and 66.68 yohimbine 75.119 zinc paste bandaging 47.48 sensory nerve 33.25, 33.26 XP variant 15.71–2 Yucatan pig model 73.27 zinc pyrithione 66.56, 73.13 thoracic disease 33.25 xeroderma–talipes–enamel defect (XTE) zinc pyrithione shampoo 73.13 treatment 33.27–8 syndrome 15.56 zinc-responsive dermatosis 2.17 trigeminal nerve 33.25–6 xerosis Z zinc–insulin granulomas 28.46 management 33.28 eating disorders and 64.22 Z-plasty 77.16 Zineryt® 42.16 vaccine 63.7 in HIV infection 35.11–12 zafi rlukast 12.61, 13.4 Zinsser–Engman–Cole syndrome see see also varicella zoster virus (VZV) pruritus and 21.12 Zanier–Roubicek syndrome 15.56 dyskeratosis congenita (DKC) zoster immune globulin 33.27 senile see asteatotic eczema (eczema ZAP-70 kinase 13.8 zirconium granuloma 61.22 zoster sine eruptione 33.25, 67.26 craquelé) ZB (Zoon’s balanitis) 71.13, 71.18, zirconium hydroxychloride 25.19 zosteriform reticulate hyperpigmentation xerostomia 69.3 71.19–20 Zlotogora–Ogur syndrome 15.33 58.22–3 drug-induced 75.46 Zeis gland 67.2 Zollinger–Ellison syndrome 62.24, zotepine 64.52 in HIV infection 35.42 cysts 67.33 62.67–8 Zumbusch-type psoriasis 20.49, 20.51 oral candidosis and 69.88 Zemaphyte 75.161 zonisamide 75.86 Zyfl o 12.61, 13.4 XLD see X-linked dominant Zenker’s fl uid 10.31 zonula occludens proteins 3.24–5 Zygomycetes 36.2–3 XLD (X-linked dominant) inheritance zidovudine Zoon’s balanitis (ZB) 71.13, 71.18, vessel-invasive infection 49.35 15.4, 15.5 action 74.49 71.19–20 zygomycosis 36.91–2 XLR (X-linked recessive) inheritance adverse effects 75.67–8 Zoon’s vulvitis 71.61 blood vessel invasion 50.55 15.3 hypermelanosis 58.29 zoster 33.3, 33.22–8 male genital dermatology 71.32 XP see xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) nail colour changes 65.38 acne and 42.79 oral involvement 69.118 XTE (xeroderma–talipes–enamel) defect in HIV infection 35.5, 35.17 aetiology and epidemiology 33.23 rhinocerebral 69.80 15.56 in HTLV-1 infection 33.65 anogenital region 33.25 subcutaneous 36.78–9 XXXXY syndrome 15.14, 68.4 in psoriasis 20.42 antibodies 33.23 zymodemes 37.27

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–24.34; Volume 2, pp. 25.1–44.22; Volume 3, pp. 45.1–62.113; Volume 4, pp. 63.1–80.14