Contents THEME: Applied Trinitarianism Editorial EVANGELICAL REVIEW of THEOLOGY Page 99 Why Is the Trinity So Difficult and So Important? THOMAS K
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Contents THEME: Applied Trinitarianism Editorial REVIEW OF THEOLOGY EVANGELICAL page 99 Why is the Trinity so Difficult and so Important? THOMAS K. JOHNSON page 100 The Consummate Trinity and Participation in the Life of God BRIAN EDGAR page 112 In the Name of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit: Toward a Transcultural Trinitarian Worldview J. SCOTT HORRELL page 126 The Trinity and Servant-Leadership WILLIAM P. ATKINSON page 138 Vestigia Trinitatis in the writings of John Amos Comenius and Clive Staples Lewis 38, NO 2, April 2014 VOLUME Articles and book reviews reflecting PAVEL HOŠEK global evangelical theology for the purpose page 151 of discerning the obedience of faith ‘Bones to Philosophy, but milke to faith’ – Celebrating the Trinity TERSUR ABEN page 160 Appendix: The Trinity in the Bible and Selected Creeds of the Church compiled THOMAS K. JOHNSON page 169 Book Reviews page 186 WORLD EVANGELICAL ALLIANCE Theological Commission Volume 38 No. 2 April 2014 WORLD EVANGELICAL ALLIANCE Theological Commission Evangelical Review of Theology GENERAL EDITOR: THOMAS SCHIRRMACHER Articles and book reviews reflecting global evangelical theology for the purpose of discerning the obedience of faith Published by WORLD EVANGELICAL ALLIANCE Theological Commission for WORLD EVANGELICAL ALLIANCE Theological Commission ERT (2014) 38:2, 99 Volume 38 No. 2 April 2014 Editorial There was a remarkable phenomenon Intellectuals and drunkards could Copyright © 2014 World Evangelical Alliance Theological Commission in the ancient world. A group of people confess their faith/philosophy togeth- who were self-consciously marginal- er and experience how the big ques- ized, uneducated, poor, and morally tions of history and existence were questionable became a moral-cultural answered in a creed they could all force that created orphanages, formed remember. Swindlers and prostitutes Dr Thomas Schirrmacher, Germany the earliest large non-government or- began to discuss the relation among ganizations (NGOs), took care of the the divine Persons while scholars and weak, started centres of learning, rulers asked for baptism and confessed Dr David Parker, Australia created new forms of art, and later their sins. The humble were exalted developed a massive body of litera- while the exalted were humbled. ture, philosophy, and music. Their own With the distance of history we can Executive Committee of the WEA Theological Commission leaders acknowledged their humble see that the doctrine of the Trinity was beginnings. ‘Not many of were wise by Dr Thomas Schirrmacher, Germany, Executive Chair the centre of a holistic and balanced human standards; not many were influ- Dr James O. Nkansah, Kenya, Vice-Chair newness that changed everything. ential; not many were of noble birth’ Dr Rosalee V. Ewell, Brasil, Executive Director Across the global missions movement (1 Cor. 1:20). ‘Neither the sexually today we see millions searching for a immoral nor idolaters nor adulterers holistic and unified faith/philosophy to nor male prostitutes nor homosexual respond to numerous social and intel- The articles in the Evangelical Review of Theology reflect the opinions of the offenders nor thieves nor the greedy lectual needs while also overcoming authors and reviewers and do not necessarily represent those of the Editor or nor drunkards nor slanderers nor swin- serious distortions of the faith. This is the Publisher. dlers will inherit the kingdom of God. why we should look again at the doc- And that is what some of you were’ (1 trine of the Trinity. The Trinity is the Cor. 6:10-11). What turned this worth- ontological core and control for a uni- less rabble into a civilization-creating fied, holistic and renewing Christian should be addressed to the Editor force that survived the fall of empires? faith/philosophy. I believe it was the knowledge of Dr Thomas Schirrmacher, Friedrichstrasse 38, 53111 Bonn, Germany. So we have collected essays by God as Trinity. Though we today may thoughtful people from several conti- trace the roots of the Trinity to the Old The Editors welcome recommendations of original or published articles or book nents and different parts of the Body of Testament, for the early Christians reviews that relate to forthcoming issues for inclusion in the Review. Please send Christ. This collection opens and clos- the idea seemed entirely new. And clear copies of details to the above address. es with wide-ranging summaries and in this dogma provided a comprehensive between it reflects on the Trinity and religion and philosophy with culture- our life with God, world view, servant Email enquiries welcome: [email protected] shaping power. As religion, the Trini- http://www.worldea.org/tc leadership, and the vestigia trinitatis, tarian faith addressed the needs of the concluding with the text of key Chris- human heart in a far more satisfactory tian confessions on the Trinity. manner than the many polytheisms By discussing this vital topic with us and mystery religions, long ridiculed we hope your trust in the Three-in-One by thoughtful people. As philosophy, is strengthened while Christian minds the doctrine of the Trinity explained become more thoughtful and balanced. the universe in a manner far more sat- Typeset by Toucan Design, 25 Southernhay East, Exeter EX1 1NS isfactory than Platonism, Stoicism, or Thomas K. Johnson, Guest Editor and Printed in Great Britain for Paternoster Periodicals Epicureanism, which ordinary people Thomas Schirrmacher, General Editor by AlphaGraphics, 6 Angel Row, Nottingham NG1 6HL never understood. David Parker, Executive Editor ERT (2014) 38:2, 100-111 Why is the Trinity so Difficult and so Important? made people miserable, lacking the joy Christian teaching, other expectations Why is the Trinity so Difficult and of salvation, and drove some from the about authentic spirituality function as faith.1 control beliefs. In the examples of lib- so Important? Since the Enlightenment we have eral theology, the biblical faith is misin- faced various types of liberal theology. terpreted because a secular worldview Demythologized Christianity rejected functions as a control belief and filters the supposed myths in the Bible as out parts of the biblical message; much unnecessary to faith; Jesus was re- of basic Christian teaching is lacking interpreted within the worldview of because it is replaced by parts of a Keywords: Control beliefs, dogma, because it means getting to know God. Existentialism. Marxist Christianity secular worldview. distortions of the faith, heresy, It is also important in order to make claimed a life of faith would promote The problems of liberal theology creeds, creation, redemption, prayer, the faith attractive to our children and a proletarian revolution; the biblical and misguided zeal are similar, though discipleship, art neighbours, overcoming the distortions message was appropriated inside the they look different. When coming to that drive people from the faith. It is worldview of Karl Marx. National So- faith people do not instantly give up BEING A FULLY trinitarian Christian is worth serious effort. cialist Christianity thought Christians their previous belief systems. The hu- very uncommon because it is very dif- should support Adolf Hitler as the man mind is never truly empty; certain ficult—it is also very important. There representative of God’s work in the questions about life and the world can- are several reasons for this situation. world, reinterpreting the biblical mes- not be avoided. If people do not have The Trinity is more than a few words We have in Christian history many dis- sage inside Hitler’s worldview. In each biblical answers, they almost neces- on our church doctrinal statement, tortions that damage our knowledge of example a worldview of a non-biblical sarily hold other answers. These old though that is a valuable start. The God and our witness to the world. As a origin functioned as a basis for accept- beliefs can continue to function as Trinity is a matter of knowing God in teenager I listened to people claim that ing some biblical beliefs which also fil- control beliefs which have authority his complexity, totally different from us if we ‘walk in the Spirit’ we will levi- tered out acceptance of other biblical over what we think we are allowed to in our singularity yet radically similar tate from place to place without using teachings.2 believe. in having personality in his image, then our ‘flesh’ (meaning our feet), because What unites misguided zeal and lib- Everyone has control beliefs, funda- letting this knowledge of God become this was the way Jesus travelled. The eral theologies is the way whole themes mental conceptions arising from one’s the pattern of a renewed Christian proper interest in real spirituality was of the faith are missing. In distorted culture or religious background that mind that replaces control beliefs from pursued in a manner that separated the zeal, faith is not guided by a balanced guide, perhaps unconsciously, what we unbelieving sources that constantly work of the Holy Spirit from the Father Christian teaching because basic theol- are allowed to believe. Control beliefs distort our lives. and the Son, failing to recognise that ogy is not present. In place of standard then form a structure of the mind that History and personal experience the Spirit proceeds from the Father organizes everything else we believe. show that getting to know God as Trin- and the Son to mediate our knowledge Control beliefs of a non-biblical ori- ity is always a difficult and dynamic of the Father and the Son. The total 1 These observations are inspired by Fran- gin can prevent people from accepting cis Schaeffer, The Church before the Watching process in tension with our sinful ten- picture of the faith was remarkably Christ. When people come to faith, old World, which is included in The Complete Works control beliefs may continue in author- dencies and the residue of pre-Chris- similar to some of the early heresies.