sign in sign up
<<
Home , Cnidosac, Iodised salt, Squid giant axon

11-cis retinal 5.4.2 achondroplasia 19.1.21 active transport, 3.4.19 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate 11.2.2 acid-base balance 18.3.34 activity cycle, flies 2.2.2 2,4-D herbicide 3.3.22, d1.4.23 acid coagulation cheese 15.4.36 activity rhythms, locomotor 7.4.2 2,6-D herbicide, mode of action acid growth hypothesis, plant cells actogram 7.4.2 3.2.22 3.3.22 acute mountain sickness 8.4.19 2-3 diphosphoglycerate, 2-3-DPG, acid hydrolases 15.2.36 acute neuritis 13.5.32 in RBCs 3.2.25 acid in gut 5.1.2 acute pancreatitis 9.3.24 2C fragments, selective weedkillers acid rain 13.2.10, 10.3.25, 4.2.27 acyltransferases 11.5.39 d1.4.23 1.1.15 Adams, Mikhail 12.3.39 3' end 4.3.23 acid rain and NO 14.4.18 adaptation 19.2.26, 7.2.31 3D formula of d16.2.15 acid rain, effects on plants 1.1.15 adaptation, chemosensory, 3-D imaging 4.5.20 acid rain, mobilization of in bacteria 1.1.27 3-D models, molecular 5.3.7 aluminium 3.4.27 adaptation, frog reproduction 3-D reconstruction of cells 18.1.16 acid rain: formation 13.2.10 17.2.17 3-D shape of molecules 7.2.19 acid 1.4.16 adaptations: cereals 3.3.30 3-D shapes of proteins 6.1.31 acid-alcohol-fast bacteria 14.1.30 adaptations: sperm 10.5.2 3-phosphoglycerate 5.4.30 acidification of freshwater 1.1.15 adaptive immune response 5' end 4.3.23 acidification 3.4.27 19.4.14, 18.1.2 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) 12.1.28, acidification, Al and fish deaths adaptive immunity 19.4.34, 5.1.35 3.4.27 d16.3.31, 5.5.15 6-aminopenicillanic acid 12.1.36 acidification, Al and loss of adaptive radiation 8.5.7 7-spot ladybird larva p9.2.7 invertebrates 3.4.27 adaptive thermogenesis 9.2.33 A blood group in Britain d2.4.25 acidification, Al and snowmelt 3.4.27 ADAS 4.1.28, 2.2.19 ABA, abscisic acid 5.1.27 acidity of soil, availability adenine in ATP 6.1.12 abaca fibre 6.3.30 1.1.24 adenine Abbe, Ernst 2.1.21 acidosis 18.3.34, 7.5.22 12.5.22, 12.1.26, 10.4.15, 10.1.36 abiotic 12.1.6 acinar cells 9.3.24 adeno-associated virus (AAV) abiotic/biotic factors 17.1.38, 10.5.6 acinar cells: pancreas 13.5.2 12.4.11 abnormal behaviour in zoos 4.2.7 Acinonyx jubatus p 14.2.7, p 14.1.19 adenohypophysis 5.3.25 ABO blood group system 9.5.10, acinus, human d 9.3.24 adenoma 11.1.38 7.5.38, 2.4.25, 3.2.25 acne 9.1.29, 3.2.2 adenomatous polyposis coli gene abortion 12.4.36, 7.2.10 acoelomate d 4.3.2 4.1.22 Abruzzi National Park 13.5.24 aconitic acid 1.2.6 adenosine 3'5'-cyclic abscissic acid 2.3.23 acorns 6.2.11 monophosphate 2.2.20 abscission 7.3.13 acoustic tag, grey seals 1.4.30 adenosine deaminase (ADA) absorption in gut 5.1.2 Acquired Immune Deficiency 10.4.2 absorption spectra, cones 17.4.24 Syndrome - see AIDS adenosine diphosphate - see ADP absorption 12.5.9 acquired resistance 12.2.28 adenosine triphosphate – see ATP abundance scales 10.5.6 acrosome 17.1.2, 15.4.10 adenosine 7.5.19 abundance, measuring 6.3.19 acrosome reaction 2.1.2 adenovirus 15.2.30, 12.4.11, 7.4.6 abzymes 5.4.40 Acrostichum aureum 12.3.8 adenylate cyclase 2.2.20 Acacia scrub 2.3.11 acrylamide 5.5.34 ADH – see antidiuretic hormone accelerating voltage 13.2.32 actin filaments 8.4.6, 8.3.2, 2.5.18 adhesins 7.3.2 acceptor 15.4.28 actin 19.4.25, 13.1.32, d 11.2.36, adhesive peptides 5.4.7 accessory proteins 10.4.32 3.1.12, 2.4.2 Adiantum capillus veneris 12.2.13 acclimatisation in micropropagation actin, in amoebae 2.2.6 adipocytes 17.3.2, 3.1.36 5.3.31 actin-myosin ratchet 19.4.25 adipose tissue 15.3.30, 1.4.11 accommodation, eye d17.2.9, 1.5.7 Actinia equina & A. fragacea 6.2.7 adipose 10.1.17 accumulation of insecticides in actinomycete bacteria adjuvants 15.1.39, 4.3.32 chains d2.1.35 15.3.33, 5.4.27 Admission Service, Universities accumulation of pollutants 2.1.10 Actinosphaerium p19.3.34 p2.2.6 and Colleges (UCAS) 14.1.34 ACE, angiotensin converting 18.3.2,16.2.33, adolescence 19.3.2 enzyme d5.3.7 13.3.10, 7.3.38, 4.3.26, 1.3.2 ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase acetic acid 11.3.10 action potentials in plants 4.3.26 12.1.2 aceto-acetic acid 3.5.37 activated sludge 13.4.25, p 1.4.35 ADP 2.4.12, 6.1.12, acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl coA) activation analysis 6.2.14 5.2.25, 3.3.40, 1.2.6 15.3.37, 9.1.7, 6.2.2, 9.1.7, 1.2.6, activation energy barrier 15.1.2 adrenaline 19.2.11, 13.1.22, 1.1.30 activation energy 19.1.2, 5.4.40 12.4.29, 8.3.21, 5.2.27, 4.1.19 acetylcholine (Ach) 14.4.34, 5.3.28, activation of synaptic receptor 5.1.35 adrenocorticotrophic hormone 11.4.30, 18.3.21 activator protein 6.5.2 (ACTH) 12.5.2 acetylcholine at synapse 16.2.33 activators 12.5.22 adsorption chromatography 3.4.12 acetylcholine receptor 8.2.7 active immunity 6.2.20 adult stem cells 16.2.21 acetylcholinesterase 10.2.23 active site, enzymes Advisory Committee for Release into acetylcholinesterase, 19.1.2, 15.1.2, 13.5.10, 1.5.16 the Environment (ACRE) 12.3.2 effect of pesticides 2.1.35 active sodium pumping 4.3.26 Advisory Committee on Novel acetylsalicylic acid, see aspirin active stroke, cilium d 6.3.2 and Processes (ACNFP) 12.3.2 ACG and T 4.2.25 active transport 7.1.28, 5.2.2, 3.3.40 AEA, advanced extension award Achilles tendon 3.4.23, 7.1.10 active transport across membranes 15.3.8 Achnanthes, diatom p 2.5.35 6.4.16 Aeolids 14.3.20

2 aerenchyma 13.3.30 agriculture; GM crops 17.2.24 algal crust 14.2.2 aerobic ATP production 1.3.30 Agrobacterium tumefaciens algal spore p2.5.35 aerobic biological sewage treatment 12.1.18, 11.2.19, 6.5.16 algicides 15.3.33 13.4.25 Agrobacterium alginate 4.3.29 aerobic carbohydrate metabolism 12.3.2 alien invaders 6.1.25, 5.5.8 6.4.11 agro-biotech 16.1.21 aliphatic compounds 11.3.22 aerobic dives 6.1.6 agrochemical industry, careers in Alistair Fitter p18.2.42 aerobic fat metabolism 6.4.11 5.2.36 alkali in gut 5.1.2 aerobic metabolism 13.1.11, 6.2.2 agronomic improvements 7.4.34 alkalinophiles 9.2.2 aerobic respiration 19.2.14 Agrostis stolonifera p 13.5.29 alkaloids 11.5.11 aerobic respiration in symbioses AIDGAP key 3.1.25 alkaptonuria genetics 18.4.34 7.4.8 AIDS - viral infection 12.2.2 alkylating agents 6.5.14 Aeromonas hydrophila 1.3.17 AIDs causes 3.4.15 all trans retinal 5.4.2 aerosol sprays 3.3.2 AIDs diagnosis 1.2.19 Allan, Norman a 10.4.40 A-esterases, detoxifying action AIDs treatment 3.4.15 allele 19.4.10, 19.3.38, 17.1.6, 2.1.35 AIDS 14.1.37, 14.1.22, 13.3.14, 15.2.9, 14.2.26, 5.4.35, 3.3.33, aestivation, snails 3.2.30 12.2.2, 10.3.33, 9.2.33, 8.2.2, 2.5.2, 2.2.2 afferent signals 12.5.2 7.5.28, 7.4.30, 1.3.38, 1.2.19, allergens 5.3.38 affinity chromatography 3.4.12 1.1.12, 5.4.10 allergic reaction p14.3.2 affinity of haemoglobin for oxygen AIDS, opportunistic infections in allergy 19.2.11 3.2.25 14.4.21 allergy testing p19.2.2 aflatoxin 13.3.26, 9.5.7 AIDS: symptoms 10.3.33 allergy to dust mites 5.3.38 afp genes 14.3.6 Ailuropoda melanoleuca p 17.1.6 alligator farming 7.1.7 Africa, deforestation 2.3.11 air pollution d9.4.32, 1.1.15 alligator, egg incubation 7.1.7 African gaboon viper p8.2.7 air pollution, human health 2.5.24 alligators 1.2.2 African sleeping sickness 19.3.42 air sacs, bird d3.5.29 alliinase 17.3.7 Agalychnis, leaf frogs p17.2.17 air-dried 13.3.6 Allium ursinum p9.4.21 agar 4.3.29 air-lift fermenter 8.5.35, d2.2.12 allogenic vaccines 15.1.39 agar plate, Staphylococcus air-lift system for growing plant cells allograft 12.1.14 p 19.4.30 d2.2.36 Allolobophora p8.3.14 Agaricus bisporus, life cycle d 5.4.27 airways, pollution effect on d9.4.32 allometric growth 13.4.29 agarose gel electrophoresis 11.4.10 alarm, in stress 5.2.27 allometry 6.1.2 age classes 3.1.25 Alaska 12.3.39 allomone 9.3.29 age mutations 10.3.18 Alaska, Glacier Bay pd14.2.2 allopatric speciation AGE, advanced glycosylation Alaskan tundra p9.5.18 16.2.24, 8.5.7, 4.5.8 end products 6.4.26 albatross and sail plane p5.1.30 all-or-nothing rule of action potential age, determining,hedgehog 4.2.31 albatrosses p10.3.18 4.3.26 ageing and brain 5.3.28 albinism 19.4.10,12.4.29 allosteric inhibitor (NADH) in bacteria ageing 14.3.33, d14.1.2, 10.3.18, albino gene in mice p5.5.39 1.2.6 6.4.26 albino 5.4.35 allosteric regulation 12.1.2 ageing, of lens 1.5.7 albumin 12.5.9, 12.2.22, allosterism 1.5.16 ageing: reductionist approach 7.1.35, 6.2.40 Alnus, alder p 1.4.2 10.3.18 Alcaligenes eutrophus p4.2.35, alopecia 10.3.37 agglutination d9.5.10 3.5.34 alpaca 1.4.9 agglutinin 3.2.25 Alcedo atthis 12.4.31 alpha and beta cells, islet of agglutinogen 3.2.25 alcohol 14.2.14 Langerhans 15.2.30 aggregated platelets p2.4.12 alcohol abuse/alcoholism 7.4.16 alpha and beta globins 6.1.16 aggregation of aphids 3.3.35 alcohol and heart disease 18.1.21 alpha and beta receptors aggregation of slime mould cells alcohol dehydrogenase 18.3.21, 4.1.19 17.3.21 7.4.16, 5.2.18, 2.4.21 alpha granules 13.1.32 aggregation 13.1.32 alcohol metabolism 7.4.16, 5.2.18 alpha helix 19.3.28, 7.5.28, 1.5.16 aggression in sea anemones 6.2.7 alcohol tolerant yeasts 2.2.30 alpha hormone, yeast 2.2.30 aggression 12.1.28 alcohol toxicity 7.4.16 alpha-1-antitrypsin 15.2.39, 7.1.35 agonists 15.3.30, 13.3.10, 7.5.14, alcohol 9.1.22, 5.3.10, 2.2.30 alpha-lactalbumin 2.3.15 1.5.2 alcoholic beverage 1.4.25 alpha 1-4 linkage d19.1 12 agouti colour 5.4.35 alder,Alnus p 14.2.2, p 1.4.2 alpha 1-6 linkage d19.1 12 AGPase 12.1.2 alderfly larva p 2.4.40 alpine penny cress p19.4.2 Agricultural Development and alderfly, Sialis, adult p 3.1.25 Alsophis antiguae p18.1.7 Advisory Service 2.2.19 ALDH2 and ALDH1 7.4.16 altering balance of growth and agricultural: microorganisms 11.5.2 aldoses 5.4.16 differentiation 2.4.9 agriculture 19.2.21 aldosterone 12.5.9, 1.3.7 altitude: body's response 8.4.19 agriculture and conservation 4.4.12 aldrin, ban on 7.3.7 Altman, Joseph 12.3.28 agriculture, animal feed 3.2.11 Aldrovanda 2.5.7 aluminium replacing calcium in bone agriculture, applied research 1.2.10 Aleksei 8.2.18 3.4.27 agriculture, intensive 7.2.16 A-level choice 14.1.34 aluminium 13.2.10, 3.4.27 agriculture, llamas 1.4.9 algae, Antarctic p 3.1.7 aluminium, inhibition of red cell agriculture, organic 4.1.28 algae, reproduction 16.1.7 formation 3.4.27 agriculture, third world 1.4.23 algal biotechnology 4.3.29 aluminium, link to anaemia 3.4.27 agriculture, tropical 1.4.28 algal blooms 14.2.38, 4.3.35

3 aluminium, mobilisation in soil by 12.1.2, 7.1.13, 5.4.16, 5.1.22 animal cells: suicidal tendencies acid rain 1.1.15 amyloplasts p 19.3.18, 7.1.13 9.3.2 alveolar epithelium d 14.4.2 amyloplasts, plant response animal diets 12.2.16 alveolar macrophages 16.1.36 to gravity 3.1.4 animal feed supplements 3.5.34 alveoli of lung d p 16.1.36, amylose d 19.3.18, 19.1 12, 12.1.2, animal feed 3.2.11 7.5.22, d 2.5.24 1.4.30 5.1.22, 5.4.16 animal feed, antibiotics in 2.2.9 Alzheimer's disease and aluminium amylose-free starch 19.3.18 animal health, career in 6.2.18 3.4.27 Anabaena p 19.2.30,10.2.2, animal nutrition, career in 6.2.18 Alzheimer's disease 15.1.19, p 6.5.30, p 6.1.28, 4.3.29 animal physiology, career in 6.2.18 13.3.26, 12.5.6, 12.2.13, 10.5.11, anabolic steroids 15.2.2, 11.2.36, animal research: alternatives13.3.26 10.3.18, p 5.3.28, 9.3.2, 9.1.36 1.5.2 animal research: benefit 13.3.26 ambush predator 14.1.10 anabolism 15.3.37, 1.1.30 animal research: breeding 13.3.26 amelogenin 16.3.7, 11.4.10 anadin 14.2.14 animal research: experimental amenorrhoea 13.3.37, 9.5.25 anaemia 16.3.31, 12.5.38, 5.2.38 13.3.26 American Bioethics Advisory anaemia and iron deficiency 6.1.16 animal rights 2.3.20 Commission 11.3.7 anaerobes 14.4.14 animal starch 5.4.16 amino acid code 15.4.2 anaerobic 15.3.37, 13.1.27 animal vaccines 11.5.39 amino acid structure 15.1.6 anaerobic ATP production 1.3.30 animal welfare 13.3.26 amino acid 13.4.9, 13.1.19, anaerobic bacteria in rumen 1.4.9 Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 12.4.29, 12.2.16, 7.5.28, 6.2.2, anaerobic bacteria 11.3.10 13.3.26, 2.3.20 2.3.15 anaerobic exercise 18.3.34 animals: nitrogen excretion 8.5.27 amino acids, deamination 17.4.6 anaerobic glycolysis anions 5.2.39 amino acids, symbols 5.4.7 d 8.1.20, 6.4.11, 1.2.6 aniridia 8.3.14 aminoethoxyvinylglycine 2.2.27 anaerobic metabolism 8.1.20, 6.2.2 Ankylostoma 4.3.2 aminoglycosides 4.5.2 anaerobic microorganisms 12.3.8 annealing 4.3.23 ammocoetes 11.3.25 anaerobic oxidation 1.1.30 annelid worm 13.3.14 ammonia 18.4.7, 13.2.10, d17.4.6 anaerobic respiration 18.2.6 annual crops 7.3.32 ammonia or ammonium? 4.2.2 anaerobic respiration, diving 1.4.30 annual meadow grass in lawns ammonia: industrial production analgesic 15.1.19 7.4.12 13.2.25 analgesics 7.1.38, 1.5.2 annual rhythms 7.4.2, 1.2.15 ammonia: structure d8.5.27 analogy 4.5.8 anomalies in results 16.2.12 ammonium cyanate 11.1.34 analysing 13.1.6 anomaly 18.2.21 ammonium ions 13.2.10, 13.2.25 anaphase p 15.4.20, d 14.4.37, p d Anopheles mosquito ammonotelic 8.5.27 8.5.2, 4.4.24, 1.3.20 15.1.29, p 7.2.7, p 12.2.2 Ammophila arenaria 14.2.2 anaphylactic shock 19.2.11 anorexia nervosa 9.5.25 amniocentesis d18.2.25, p15.4.20, Anastasia 8.2.18 anorexia nervosa: formulation d10.5.11, d11.3.29 anatomists 10.5.16 d 9.5.25 amniotic fluid 12.4.36 , snail 3.2.30 anosmia 7.5.2 Amoco Cadiz 6.1.28 anatoxin 16.2.33 anoxic sludge 6.3.22 Amoeba proteus p 2.2.6 anchovy, Peruvian p d 2.2.15 ANP 1.3.7 amoebae 2.2.6 ancient DNA 11.4.10, 11.1.2, 4.3.23 ANS autonomic amoebae, role in ecosystem 2.2.6 ancient woodland conservation 18.3.21 amoebae, social 17.3.21 12.2.31 answering question 15.3.8 amoebic dysentery 2.2.6 androgenic effect 15.2.2 antagonists 13.3.10, 13.2.6, amoeboid movement 12.1.11 androgens 10.3.37, 7.3.28 7.5.14, 1.5.2 amperometric biosensors d 15.4.32 anemone fish p 7.4.8 Antarctic fur seals p 11.5.24 ampherotericin B 14.4.21 aneuploid 11.3.29 Antarctic 9.2.10, 3.1.7 amphetamine 1.5.2 aneuploidy 4.4.24 antenna complexes 8.3.28 amphibian lifestyles 17.2.17 aneurysm 18.2.19 anthers p 15.4.42 Amphileptus pleurosigma p 13.4.25 aneurysm in brain p 7.3.19 anthocyanins 10.1.7 amphipathic lipids 6.4.16, 4.2.37 aneurysm: false colour angiograph Anthozoa 6.2.7 amphipathic molecules 5.2.18 p 12.5.35 anthrax p 15.3.24 amphipathic 4.3.32 angina 13.2.2, 4.1.19, 2.3.35 anthropologists 10.5.16 Amphiprion p 7.4.8 angina, treatment 18.1.21 anti-AIDS drugs 12.2.2 Amphora, diatom p 2.5.35 angiogenesis d 16.1.26, 11.1.38 antibiotic effect: electron micrograph amphoteric molecules 7.1.35 angiograph, false colour: aneurysm p 11.5.18 amphotericin B antifungal agent p 12.5.35 antibiotic inhibition of protein 4.3.32 angioplasty 18.1.21 synthesis 4.5.2 ampicillin 12.1.36 angiotensin converting enzyme antibiotic misuse 19.4.30 amplification of response 2.2.20 d 5.3.7 antibiotic resistance d 12.2.28, ampulla, echinoderm 2.4.32 angiotensins I and II 12.2.2, 1.2.12 amputation 6.4.24 5.3.20, 5.3.7, 2.4.21, 1.3.7 antibiotic resistance gene 6.5.16 amputation, diabetes 15.2.30 angiotensinogen 5.3.20 antibiotic resistance, marking GEMs amylase 19.1 12, 13.3.37, 7.1.13 angler fish p 19.1.36, 5.1.2 6.4.30 6.3.35, 5.1.22, 2.2.30 Anglesey squirrels 16.2.8 antibiotic selection 10.1.2 amyloid precursor protein (APP) anhydrous alcohol 13.1.27 antibiotic site of action d 11.5.18 10.3.18 animal behaviour 17.2.13 antibiotics in mosses 3.1.32 amyloid 5.3.28 animal breeding, career in 6.2.18 antibiotics 17.1.24, 12.5.18, amylopectin d 19.3.18, 19.1 12 12.1.36, 11.5.18, 2.3.26, 1.2.12

4 antibiotics, in animal feed 2.2.9 antisense genes, mechanism of Arabidopsis thaliana: root side wall antibiotics: industrial manufacture action d17.2.24 p8.4.6 12.1.36 antisense RNA blocking protein arachidonic acid 15.1.19, 11.2.19 antibiotics: semi-synthetic 12.1.36 synthesis d12.1.26 arachnids 13.4.29 antibodies 19.2.2, 19.1.24, d18.4.38, antisense strand 12.1.26 arachnology 3.3.9 16.3.31, 15.4.32, 4.1.15, 12.5.18, antisense technology 12.1.26 Araneus p18.3.26 12.2.2, 11.5.39, 9.2.7, 6.2.20, antithrombin 1.3.17 Archaea 9.2.2 5.5.15, 1.5.36, 1.3.34, 1.2.19 antitrypsin 13.3.26 archaeological investigations 0.5.16 antibodies, milk 16.3.2, 7.1.2 antitumour antibiotics 6.5.14 archaeologists: biomolecular11.4.10 antibodies,anti-cancer d 15.1.39 antiviral drugs 17.3.37 Archaeopteryx p2.5.11 antibodies: predator and prey anti-vivisection 2.3.20 Archidoris 14.3.20 detection 9.2.7 antler moths d11.4.28 Architeuthis, giant d1.3.27 antibody 'staining', antler, structure 2.1.25 archosaurs 1.2.2 immunofluorescence p2.5.18 ants 3.5.7 Arctic flounder 7.4.34 anti-clotting agent in saliva of blood anxiety 12.1.28 Arctic fox p12.5.2, p9.5.18 suckers 7.2.7 AO 1-4, assessment objectives Arctic terrestrial ecosystem 9.5.18 anti-clotting agent 1.3.17 18.1.26 Arctic, cf Antarctic biomes 3.1.7 anticoagulant poisons 8.1.37 aorta 18.1.21, d4.2.14 Arctic/Antarctic fish, antifreeze 4.5.5. anticoagulant rodenticide 18.1.7 aortic 2.3.35 Arctic: global warming 9.5.18 anticoagulants 15.1.19, 14.2.31, apatite 2.1.25 areolar tissue 8.1.27 12.4.39, 8.1.37, 1.3.17 aphid control 17.4.17 Arfinsen's experiment 1.5.16 anticodon arm d15.3.24 aphid, winged, wingless p14.1.19 arginine 12.3.23, 11.1.34 anticodon 4.5.2 aphids 18.1.28, 13.3.2, 3.3.35 Argiope p18.3.26 anticonvulsant drugs 8.5.15 aphids, enhanced growth on plants Aristotle's Scala Naturae 8.3.34 anticytokines 7.2.23 in polluted air 3.5.2 arithmetic in exams 17.2.28, 16.4.38 antidiuresis 9.2.18 aphids, seasonal forms p7.4.2 ARMD, age related macular antidiuretic hormone (ADH) Aphidius ervi parasitoid p17.4.17 degeneration 17.4.30 16.2.2, 2.5.9 9.2.18, 5.3.20, 2.4.21 Apis mellifera p16.4. 23 arms-race 14.1.10 antifeedants 11.5.11 Aplysia 14.3.20 army ants p 3.5.7 antifolates, malaria 15.1.29 Aplysia californica, sea hare Arnold, Paul a8.4.30 anti-fouling paint 2.5.35 p8.4.26, p1.3.2 aromatic compounds 11.3.22 antifreeze proteins 4.5.5 Aplysia, pacemaker cell d1.3.2 arrowroot 4.3.7 anti-fungal drugs d17.1.24 apnoea 8.4.19 arsenical drugs 6.3.27 antigen presentation d12.1.32 apodeme d6.2.30 artefacts in microscopy 14.2.38 antigen- presenting cells 12.1.32 Apoidea 6.4.14 arterial blood pressure 12.5.9 antigen receptor 5.5.15 apolipoproteins 4.2.37 arterial wall d9.5.14 antigen recognition 5.5.15 Apollo Smintheus, god of mice arteries 18.2.19, p18.2.34, d7.3.19, antigen systems 9.5.10 5.5.39 5.1.10 antigenic switching 6.3.27 apoplast 13.1.14, 7.3.13 arterioles 12.5.9, 7.3.19 antigenic variation 19.1.24, 18.2.25 apoplastic loading d13.1.14 arteriosclerosis 5.1.10, 2.4.12 antigen-presenting cells d14.3.2 apoplastic water routes d9.2.18 arthritis 7.1.38, 1.1.2 antigens in blood 3.2.25 apoproteins 4.2.37 arthropod cuticle 6.2.30 antigens 19.4.14, 19.2.2, 18.2.25, apoptosis 15.4.10, 14.4.37, arthropods 13.4.29, 13.3.14, 16.3.31, 12.5.18, 2.2.2, 1.3.34, 12.3.28, 11.3.36, 11.1.38, 9.3.2, 11.1.6, 1.3.27 6.2.20, 2.3.15, 2.2.20 7.1.23 artificial arteries 18.2.19 Antiguan racer snake p 18.1.7 apoptotic cell d9.3.2 artificial blood 3.2.25 Antihistamine 19.2.11 Aporrectodea 18.3.14 artificial ecosystem Eden project anti-inflammatory 15.1.19 aposematic coloration 6.3.7 15.3.2 anti-inflammatory drugs 17.1.18, aposematism 13.3.2 artificial incubation, tortoises 4.4.28 7.1.38 APP, amyloid precursor protein artificial insemination 19.2.34 antimetabolites 6.5.14 5.3.28 artificial limb appliance centres antimicrobial action of milk 16.3.2 apparent specific volume 9.5.39 (ALACs) 10.4.38 antimicrotubule drugs 6.3.27 appearance at interviews 1.5.40 artificial limbs 6.4.24 antimitotic agents 6.5.14 apples, organic p4.1.28 artificial livers 13.3.22 antioxidant defence system 10.3.18 applied research 2.3.28 artificial medium, plants 2.2.36 antioxidants in body 7.4.21 applied research, agriculture 1.2.10 artificial prey 6.3.7 antioxidants 14.2.22, 13.5.2, 4.2.11 applying knowledge 13.1.6 artificial skin p17.3.2, p3.2.2 antioxidants, food rich in p14.3.33 Apteronotus p12.3.28 Artioposthia triangulata 8.4.11 antioxidants: biological 13.4.9 Apus apus p10.5.23 artisanal fisheries 14.1.10 anti-parasite drugs 13.5.20 Aquaguard 6.3.22 Arum p 2.5.7 antiplatelet drug 7.1.38 aquaporin: mammals, plants 9.2.18 AS biology: examiners ABC 13.5.10 antiport facilitated diffusion system aquaporin-1 (AQP1) 9.2.18 AS 13.1.6 11.2.2 aquatic birds and mammals 6.1.6 asbestos 11.1.38 antiport 5.2.2 aquatic communities 2.1.10 asbestosis 17.3.14 antipyretics 7.1.38 aqueous humour d17.2.9, 8.2.30 Ascaris p13.5.20, 4.3.2 antirachitic factor 2.3.2 Arabian Oryx p 9.3.21 ascofurone 18.2.25 antisense genes d12.1.26, 10.2.40, Arabidopsis p5.3.13, p15.1.42, ascorbic acid 6.1.16, d 4.2.11 d7.4.34 11.5.39, p 9.1.7 ascospores 9.3.10 ascus 9.3.10

5 Asellus d 6.5.6, p 2.4.40 atomic bomb, survivors 7.3.11 autumn colours p16.4.2 aseptic techniques 10.3.2, 4.5.25 ATP 19.2.30, 17.2.21, 17.1.10, auxin flow d12.4.14 asexual propagation, moss 3.1.32 15.4.28, 15.3.37, d14.2.11, auxin 12.2.13, 5.3.31, 3.3.22, asexual reproduction, amoeba 2.2.6 12.3.23, 10.3.22, 10.1.10, 9.1.22, 2.3.23, 2.2.36 asexual reproduction, sea 8.3.21, 8.2.34, 8.1.20, 7.2.2, AVG and ozone 2.2.27 anemones 6.2.7 6.4.11, d 6.1.12, 5.2.25, 5.2.2, avian physiology 11.4.14 Asian freshwater clam 14.2.34 3.3.40, 2.4.2, 2.2.20, 1.4.11, AVN, atrioventricular node 19.3.21 Asian short clawed otter p 8.2.12 1.2.6, 1.1.30 avocado pear 9.1.17 Asians in Britain, vitamin D ATP hydrolysis 13.1.14 Avogadro constant 2.1.14 deficiency 2.3.2 ATP production in muscle 1.3.30 Avogadro's law 11.1.14 Asiatic cholera 3.4.19 ATP production d 8.3.21 awake and sleep EEG 3.3.11 asparagine d 17.4.6, 9.2.30 ATP replenishment and supply rates axial element 15.4.20 aspartame 5.5.34, 5.1.22 6.4.11 axoneme d18.4.2, 14.2.38, p6.3.2 aspergillosis 11.1.27 ATP synthase 8.3.21 azidothymidine, see AZT Aspergillus 8.2.2 ATP synthesis d 4.3.38, 3.5.19 Azolla, water fern p10.2.2, p5.5.8, Aspergillus awamori 13.3.19 ATP synthesis, germination 2.3.31 1.4.2 Aspergillus diseases from p 17.1.24 ATP yield in exercise 18.2.6 Azolla: leaf and stem d10.2.2 Aspergillus glaucus p 11.1.20 ATP/ADP 3.1.21 Azorhizobium 1.4.2 Aspergillus infection 14.1.37 ATP: uses d 10.1.25 Azotobacter 4.2.2, 1.4.2 Aspergillus niger 13.3.19, p 13.3.19. ATPase 19.2.30, 13.1.14, 6.3.2 AZT in AIDs 12.2.2, 3.4.15, 1.3.38 9.5.7, p 8.5.35 atrial natriuretic peptide 1.3.7 B - cell activation d 12.1.32 Aspergillus oryzae 13.3.19, atriopeptin 1.5.25 B - cell receptor 12.1.32 p 8.5.35, 2.2.30 atrioventricular node (AV node) B - lymphocytes 12.1.32, 1.2.19 Aspergillus spores p 17.1.42 8.1.2 B cells and antibody production aspirin 17.1.18, 15.1.19, 10.1.25, d atrio-ventricular node 10.1.21 d16.3.31 7.1.38 atrium 19.3.21 B cells 19.4.14, 18.4.38, 5.5.15, assay of oestrogens 14.1.15 Atropa bella-donna p13.3.10 4.5.37 assembly-line processes of atropine 2.4.9 B, plant nutrient 4.3.12 membranes d 6.4.16 attenuated virus 19.1.24 B.t. 15.1.10, p11.5.2, 11.4.6, 8.3.25, assessment objectives 19.4.38, ATZ 10.3.33 5.1.25, 4.4.8, 1.5.25 18.1.2617.1.30, 14.4.7 audiology 19.3.27 babesiosis 14.3.2 assimilated energy 6.5.6 audiometry 19.3.27 Bacille Calmette-Guerin 8.2.2 assimilation efficiency 6.3.39 auditory evoked potentials 19.3.27 Bacillus stearothermophilus 11.5.2 assimilation of ammonium 4.2.2 augmentative biological control Bacillus thuringiensis, see B.t. assimilation of nitrates 4.2.2 17.4.17 Back from the Brink campaign associate specialists 13.1.39 auroch p12.4.18 6.4.33 association 14.3.38 Australian tiger snake p 8.2.7 back-scattered electrons 13.3.6 astaxanthin 6.1.31 Australian: flatworms p8.4.11 backswimmer, Notonecta p3.1.25 Asterias p 2.4.32 Australopithecus afarensis: skeleton bacteria as food 3.5.34 asthma 18.3.21,d 9.4.32, 7.5.22 8.4.30 bacteria in dental decay 5.2.12 asthma, dust mites 5.3.38 Australopithecus ramidus 8.4.30 bacteria in disease 7.3.2 astronauts, body fluid/blood 3.1.4 autoantibodies 12.1.32 bacteria in gut 2.2.9 asulox 13.5.16 autocrine regulation 7.1.23 bacteria in gut, acquisition by asymmetric 10.2.15 autocrine 10.3.37 young animal 2.2.9 ataxia 12.5.28 autodigestion 13.4.25 bacteria in rumen p14.4.14 Atelopus varius p 19.2.42 autoimmune disease 15.1.26 bacteria on epithelial layer d 10.5.26 atenolol 18.3.21 autoimmunity 19.4.14 bacteria 13.2.28, 13.2.25, .13.5.10 atheroma 9.5.14, 7.3.19 autoimmunity supression 1.2.19 bacteria, chemotaxis 1.1.27 atherosclerosis 18.2.19, p d autologous vaccines 15.1.39 bacteria, destroyed by WBCs 18.1.21, 14.4.18, 13.2.2, 13.1.32 autolysis 11.3.10 17.2.21 12.5.9, 7.4.21, 7.2.2, 5.1.10, autonomic nervous system (ANS) bacteria, gene cloning in d 5.1.17 2.3.35, 6.4.35 18.3.21, 12.5.2, 11.4.30 bacteria, gene expression in 6.5.2 atherosclerosis and high plasma autonomic nervous system: anatomy bacteria, Koch’s postulates 15.3.24 cholesterol 5.5.20 d 11.4.30 bacteria, transfer d 4.5.25 athlete's foot p 11.1.27, 6.5.22 autophagosomes 17.3.14 bacteria. structure p 1.1.27 athletes 1.3.30 autophagy 17.3.14 bacteria: conjugation 9.1.10 athletes, hormone manipulation autophagy by lysosomes 3.2.21 bacteria: mating 9.1.10 15.2.2 autopsy 2.3.20 bacteria; Chlamydia 17.1.34 athletes, sex test 3.3.15 autoradiography 1.1.21, p5.2.15, bacterial coat, peptidoglycan 2.3.26 athletics and drugs 1.5.2 12.3.28 bacterial competition in gut 2.2.9 athletics training, career in 6.1.20 autoregulation 12.5.2 bacterial DNA: electron micrograph athletics, nutrition 6.2.2 autosomal recessive inheritance p 10.1.2 Atlantic salmon 13.3.29, 9.5.22 d15.2.36 bacterial entry 7.3.2 atmosphere- general autosomal recessive inheritance of bacterial feed supplements 2.2.9 circulation model 10.2.18 cystic fibrosis 4.4.18 bacterial infections 3.5.23 atmospheric carbon dioxide 3.3.2 autosomes 10.3.12 bacterial microcolonies: electron atmospheric methane 1.5.12 autotomy 14.3.20 micrograph p 10.1.2 atmospheric oxygen, past 4.4.31 autotrophic microbes 1.4.35 bacterial pathogenicity d 7.3.2 atmospheric ozone 8.4.16 autotrophs 4.2.2, 9.4.9

6 bacterial products causing disease bat roost p3.3.30 beta-lactams d 2.3.26 7.3.2 bat: newborn p11.2.5 beta-oxidation 1.4.23 bactericidal 13.2.28 bat 3.3.30 beta-receptors 18.3.21 bactericide 13.2.28 bat, annual changes in weight 3.3.30 between-host selection 12.2.2 bacteriological monitoring, bat: greater horseshoe 11.2.5 BHA and BHT synthetic antioxidants pathogens 2.1.10 bat: vampire p 8.1.37 7.4.21 bacteriophage infection in cheese batch culture, mycoprotein d 2.2.12 Bialowieza National Park 13.5.24 making 15.4.36 Bates, Henry W 11.3.18 Bibby Agriculture 3.2.11 bacteriophage life cycle 3.2.6 Batesian mimicry p 17.3.25, 14.3.20, Bible, on animal rights 2.3.20 bacteriophages d 18.4.21, 13.5.28, 13.3.2, 11.3.18, 10.5.31, 6.3.7 bicarbonate 3.4.37 10.1.2 Bathyergidae 9.2.15 bicoid gene 5.2.15 bacterium p 19.4.2, 19.4.30 Batrachotoxin 16.2.33 Bifidobacteria 9.3.16 badger culling 15.4.25 battery house p11.4.14 big cats 14.2.7 badger faeces p19.1.29 bay tree p6.5.16 biggest flower, Rafflesia 5.1.7 badger, honey p18.4.18 Bayer see Baeyer biguanides in diabetes 3.5.37 badgers and bovine TB 15.4.25 BCG vaccine 14.1.30, 8.2.2 bile 14.2.14, 13.5.2, 13.3.22, Baeyer, Adoph von 7.1.38 bear, Himalayan, zoo p 4.2.7 12.5.18, 11.3.25 bait shyness 14.2.31 beards and manes in males 17.4.37 bile duct d14.2.14 bait-digging 13.5.7 beating tray d4.5.31 bile metabolism 14.2.14, 5.2.18 Baker's yeast 2.2.30 beaver p10.3.25 bile pigments 16.4.2, 14.2.14 balanced polymorphism 14.1.19 beavers 14.1.27 bile 14.2.14, 13.5.2, balanced translocation 18.2.25 Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome 13.2.2, 5.5.20, 3.4.37 Balanus amphitrite p13.5.7 11.2.11 bilirubin 16.4.2, 14.2.14, 11.3.25, balding 10.3.37 bed bugs 4.1.37 5.2.18 baldness 17.4.37 bee p17.3.25, 6.4.14, 2.1.33 biliverdin 16.4.2 ballast water 15.2.6 bee dances 6.4.14 Bill Gates 19.1.24 banana p 4.3.7 bee louse p6.4.14 billion, defined 4.3.2 banded snail, selection factors bee orchid p2.1.7 bimodal distribution 7.4.38 p1.2.30 bee, pollination and pesticides bimolecular leaflet 4.3.38 Banks, Joseph 12.3.35 6.4.14 binary fission, in amoeba 2.2.6 Banting and Best 3.5.37 bee stings 1.1.24 binding 17.1.2 Banting 4.4.2 beech mast 17.4.9 binomial names 4.5.8, 1.2.38 BAPs, biodiversity action plans beech wood p4.5.31 bioaccumulation 14.2.31, 4.3.29 16.2.38 beer 5.3.10, 2.2.30, 1.4.25 bioaccumulation, PCBs d 2.1.35 bar charts, presenting data in beer, production, career in 5.3.17 bioactive factors 10.1.32 3.2.17 beetle bank 17.4.17, d 16.4.28 bioassays for pollution 5.3.35 barium sulphate crystals as gravity beetle fire sensors p15.4.32 bioassays in Brassica project 4.1.32 receptors, diatoms 3.1.4 beetle larvae: carnivores 11.5.5 bioavailability of iron 6.1.16 bark 12.3.19, 6.3.30 beetle larvae: ground p 9.5.2 bioavailability 19.4.2, 12.5.38, barley straw to clear algae p4.3.35 beetle, great diving: adult p13.4.29 11.1.24 barley p10.2.18, 5.3.10 beetle, great diving: larva p13.4.29 biocatalysts 5.5.34 barn owl with prey p14.3.33 beetles pd6.5.6 Biochemical Oxygen Demand see barnacle adult,larva,settlement behaviour 17.4.2 BOD p 13.5.7 behaviour projects 7.2.31 biochemistry 13.4.40 barnacles: fouling 13.5.7 behaviour, animal 7.2.31 biochemistry, industrial, career in barnacles: niche 12.4.31 behaviour, genetics 18.2.10, 2.2.2 5.5.6 barophiles 9.2.2 behavioural ecology 10.5.2 biochip 1.5.36 barotene d16.4.2 behavioural genetics 17.1.21 biocides 13.2.28, 11.5.18, Barr body 5.4.35, 3.3.15 Belding's ground squirrel: female 4.4.6 Bary, Anton de 7.4.8 p10.5.31 biocontrol agent see biological basal body of cilium 6.3.2 bell fluorescing p16.4.12 control agent basal ganglia 12.5.28 bends, diver's 1.4.30 biocontrol formulations, nematode basal metabolic rate, BMR 17.2.2, benecol 13.2.2 p 7.3.7 1.4.11 beneficial organisms 1.2.10 biocontrol, conservation 17.4.17 base pairs 16.3.7, 4.3.23 benign tumour 16.1.26 biodegradable plastics base sequenceof DNA 4.5.20 benzene 13.1.27 19.3.18, 9.1.7, 4.2.35 base temperature, for development benzimidazoles 4.3.2 biodegradation of oil 6.1.28 3.4.2 bequerel 4.5.17, 1.3.12 biodegradation 19.4.2, 4.4.6, 2.1.35 base 4.1.12, 1.4.16 berberine 2.4.9 biodeterioration 4.4.6 basement membrane 17.3.2, Beresovka River 12.3.39 biodiesel 13.1.27 p13.4.36, 7.1.23, 3.2.2, Bergstrom needle 1.3.30 biodiversity 17.4.9, 16.1.10, 12.3.2, d13.4.36 Bernard, Claude 12.5.2, 2.1.16 11.4.18, 5.5.30 basement membrane structure Best and Banting 4.4.2 biodiversity and climate chang 13.4.36 7.3.19 beta adrenoceptors 1.4.11 16.1.10 basement membrane: beta oxidation pathway 15.3.37 biodiversity and improved pasture assembly/function/diabetes13.4.36 beta-blockers 9.5.14, 4.1.19, 1.5.2 4.4.12 basidiospores 5.4.27 beta-carotene 11.5.32 biodiversity index 3.1.25 basophils 4.5.37 Beta cells 18.4.38 biodiversity, conserving 16.2.38 bat diet d11.2.5 beta-globin gene 6.1.22 biodiversity, tropics 1.4.28

7 bioenergetics 5.5.26 biomechanics 17.4.21, 9.2.37 black vine weevil p7.3.7 bioethics 19.4.10, 18.3.6 biomedical research 9.5.28 black widow spider 16.1.40, 11.3.7 biomimetics 17.4.21 p18.3.26, p16.2.33 bioethics, infertility 16.1.2 biomolecular archaeologist 11.4.10 Black, Sir James p4.1.19 bioethics: DNA families 16.4.8 Biomphalaria 14.2.34 blackcap distribution changes 17.4.2 bioethics: genetics of behaviour bionic ear 3.1.16 blackcap p17.4.2 17.1.21 biopesticides 19.2.21 blackfly, Simulium 14.1.22, 4.3.2 bioethics: GM plants 17.2.24 biophotolysis 4.3.29 bladder instability 8.3.2 biofilm 19.2.38, 14.4.14, 13.2.28 Biopol p4.2.35 bladder wall, human p13.2.42 biofilter Eden project 15.3.2 bioprocessing 3.1.40 bladderwrack p6.5.30 biofouling : barnacle control 13.5.7 bioprospecting 3.1.32 blanket peat 1.1.15 biofuel Eden project 15.3.2 bioprostheses 3.4.34 blanket weed, Cladophora biofuels 13.1.27 biopsies, bone p17.2.30 p4.3.35, p3.1.25 biogas fuel, from landfills 4.4.6 biopsy 7.4.6, 3.4.34 blastocyst 18.3.6, bioinformatics 15.4.2, 15.3.13, biopsy, Trucut needle d5.2.18 p17.1.2, 6.4.2, 2.1.2 14.1.22, 11.5.24 bioremediation blastomycosis 11.1.27 biolayer 15.4.32 19.4.2, 11.3.22, 6.1.28 Blepharisma steini p12.3.42 biolistics machine p5.1.17 biorhythms 2.2.2 blessings of modern life theory biological catalysts 13.3.19 biosensers 11.4.6, 1.5.36 14.1.2 biological clocks 17.3.33, 1.2.15, biosensors 15.4.32 blind spot p16.3.18 2.2.2 biosensors, microbial 14.3.6 bloat in cattle 2.2.9 biological control 18.1.28, 13.5.20, biosensors, whole cell 5.3.35 blood banks, limitations 3.2.25 9.1.14, 6.4.7 biosphere p16.1.10, 1.4.2 blood cancer, leukaemia 7.3.11 biological control agents 18.3.14 biostatic 11.5.18 blood clots, platelets and thrombosis 11.4.6, 6.4.7 biosynthesis of fatty acids 1.1.30 p7.2.2 biological control of bracken 1.1.36 biosynthesis 19.2.30, 12.1.18, blood clotting factors from GE biological control of insect pests 11.1.34, 3.3.40, 1.2.6 animals 7.4.34 7.3.7 biosynthesis: reduced caffeine blood clotting 14.2.31, 2.4.12, biological control, classical 17.4.17 10.2.40 d1.3.17 biological control, Eden project biotechnology in the dairy 11.1.24 blood coagulation 13.1.32 15.3.2 biotechnology in the dairy: ethics blood components and functions biological diversity, see biodiversity 11.1.24 3.5.25 biological filter system of sewage biotechnology 13.4.9, 6.5.16, blood film p19.4.34 treatment 1.4.35 3.1.40, 1.2.12 blood flow 19.3.15, 18.2.34 biological insecticides 4.4.8 biotechnology, fungi 17.1.24 blood flow measurement: ultrasound biological monitoring 12.4.23 biotechnology: enzyme 10.5.29 8.2.27 biological nomenclature (see also biotechnology: food 8.3.25 blood fluke 16.3.21, 4.5.37 binomial names) 8.3.34 biotechnology: potato 7.5.31 blood glucose 19.2.14, 6.2.2 biological oxygen demand see BOD biotic factors 10.5.6 blood glucose and liver glycogen biological rhythms – see biological biotic indices 9.1.25 relationship d13.1.22 clocks biotic score, pollution, freshwater blood glucose level d15.2.30 biological species concept 16.2.24 2.4.40 blood glucose regulation 15.4.28 biological statistics biotic 12.1.6 blood glucose testing p15.2.30 9.4.15, 9.3.7, 7.4.38 bipedalism 8.4.30, 2.5.11 blood groups 2.4.25 biological taxonomy 8.3.34 birch forest p 14.2.2 blood group antigens 9.5.10 biological value 11.1.24 bird bone 3.4.23 blood group crossmatching 5.1.40 biological washing powders bird of paradise flower p 4.3.7 blood group testing p 9.5.10 6.2.38, 1.5.16 bird projects 7.2.31 blood plasma fractionation 3.5.25 Biologist, National Rivers Authority bird ringing p 14.3.14 blood plasma proteins 14.2.14 2.4.40 bird song 6.5.26 blood plasma 13.2.2 biology on the internet 10.2.26 bird strikes, controlling 8.4.39 blood platelets 5.1.10 biology subject librarian 9.2.40 bird vision 17.4.24 blood pressure 18.2.34, 18.1.21, biology, careers in 2.1.39 Birds Directive 6.4.33 12.5.9, 9.5.14, 7.3.19, 1.3.7 bioluminescence p 19.2.30, 19.1.36, birds of prey: fingerprinting 9.1.33 blood pressure measurement p 16.4.12, 15.4.32, p 14.3.6, birds, decline on farmland 16.4.17 p 9.5.14 13.2.28, 7.4.28 birds, population ecology 4.1.2 blood pressure, drop in, response of bioluminescence, marking GEMs birth defects, research using clotting 2.4.12 6.4.30 crocodilians 1.2.2 blood sampling, snake 14.2.26 biomanipulation 14.1.10 birth rate decline and cancer 7.2.10 blood screening 16.3.10 biomass burning 1.5.12 birth rates 4.1.2, 2.2.15 blood serum 6.2.40 biomass in estuaries 3.5.10 birth 6.4.2 blood serum testing 7.1.35 biomass in succession d14.2.2 Biston betularia p14.1.19, p 6.3.7, blood stem cell 16.2.21 biomass pyramid d14.1.10 3.5.2, p1.2.30 blood sucking 14.3.2, 1.3.17 biomass 13.4.21, 10.5.6, bitterns p 12.3.8 blood sucking insects 16.3.31, 7.2.7 9.4.9, 6.5.6 bivalents 4.4.24 blood sugar 2.1.16 biomass, echinoderms 2.4.32 bivalve molluscs 7.4.28 blood supply to muscles 1.3.30 biomass, measuring 6.3.19 Black forest 13.2.10 blood transfusion 12.5.9, p 9.5.10, biomass, plant 3.3.2 black light insect trap 18.1.28 p 7.3.19, 3.5.25, 3.2.25, 1.3.36 biome, tropical Eden project 15.3.2 black rat p12.4.39

8 blood transport of drugs by albumin Botrytis cinerea, chocolate spot bread flour 6.3.11 6.2.40 disease 2.3.23 bread p2.2.30 blood viscosity and temperature bottlenose dolphin p11.5.24, break flower virus in tulip p 3.2.6 3.4.25 p1.4.30 breaking bones 3.4.23 blood volume control d 12.5.9 bottom-up control 15.3.33 breast cancer gene,BRCA1 9.2.26 blood volume 6.1.6 botulinum toxin 16.2.33 breast counsellor 9.2.26 blood, lipid transport 4.2.37 bovine somatotrophin – see BST breathable clothing 17.4.21 blood, substitutes 3.2.25 bovine spongiform encephalopathy breathing regulation d 14.4.2, 8.4.19 blood-brain barrier 7.5.14, 5.1.10 (BSE) 10.5.38, 10.4.32 breathing 7.5.22, 2.5.24 blood-feeding: ecology 8.1.37 bovine TB, transmission by boar breathing, diving mammals 1.4.30 blood-forming 2.1.25 17.4.9 breathing: homeostatic control bloodworms 3.1.25 Bowman’s capsule 16.2.2 7.5.22 bloody cranes bill p16.2.38 Boyle's law 11.1.14 Breeding Birds Survey 16.4.17 Bloom's syndrome 11.3.36 Bq - see bequerel breeding programme: zoo 9.3.21 blotched tabby 5.4.35 brachial artery: position in arm breeding programmes, oil palm blue green toxins 15.3.33 d 9.5.14 1.4.28 blue tit = UV tit 17.4.24 brachiopods p 4.4.31 breeding, traditional 7.4.34 bluebells p6.4.33 Brachycereus cactus p 7.5.6 brewing p 5.3.10, 2.2.30 bluebottle fly life cycle d15.4.15 Brachydactyly 15.4.7 brewing, career in 5.3.17 bluebottle, Calliphora p6.1.38 bracken ecology 13.5.16 bristle cone pine p 10.2.18 blue-green algae, see cyanobacteria bracken life cycle p1.1.36 bristletail 6.2.30 blue-green algal blooms 15.3.33 bracken 18.2.14, 13.5.16, 1.1.36 British Diabetic Association 9.3.16 blue-rayed limpet p 3.4.7 bracken, phenotype: changes of British Dietetics Association 2.5.22 B-lymphocytes 11.3.34, 6.2.20, 13.5.16 British history, revealed by blood 2.3.15 bracken: asexual reproduction groups 2.4.25 BMI (body mass index) 13.5.16 British Sign Language 19.1.21 10.1.17,9.2.33 bracken: dangers to animals British Transplant Society 12.2.36 BOD test 7.2.39 13.5.16 British Trust for Ornithology 10.2.7 BOD 13.4.25, bradycardia 8.1.2 British woodlands: history 12.2.31 12.3.8, 9.1.25, 7.2.39, 3.1.25 bradycardia, diving d 6.1.6, 1.4.30 brittle bone disease p18.4.34, body clock, human 1.2.15 Bradyrhizobium 1.4.2 6.4.35 body defences against bacteria brain 19.1.32 brittle stars p 2.4.32 7.3.2 brain Alzheimer's patient p 10.3.18, broad-leaved plants, selective body fat, vitamin D store d2.3.2 p 9.1.36 weedkillers" 1.4.23 body language at interviews 1.5.40 brain death, EEG 3.3.11 broadleaved woodlands 16.2.8 body mass index (BMI) 15.3.30, brain development, effect of lead broad-spectrum insecticide 6.4.7 10.1.17, 9.2.33 2.1.30 Brocchinia 2.5.7 body mass 6.1.2 brain disease and ageing 5.3.28 broiler chicken p 11.4.14 body scanners 2.4.35, p 4.5.20 brain dysfunction 12.5.28 bromeliad p 2.5.7 body temperature 17.2.2 brain mass, relative to body mass bronchioles 1.4.30 body temperature rhythm d1.2.15 d 6.1.2 bronchoconstriction 9.4.32 body temperature, homeostasis brain processes 12.5.28 bronchodilator 9.4.32 d4.5.12 brain surface d 12.5.28 bronchopneumonia TB 15.4.25 body temperature, human 3.4.25 brain waves, human 3.3.11 bronchoscopy, fibre optic 2.5.24 bodylice 4.1.37 brain 12.3.28 bronchus d 7.5.22, 2.5.24 bog moss p3.1.32 brain, adult human: new nerve cells brown adipose tissue 1.4.11 bonds, chemical 15.2.28 12.3.28 brown earth d 4.5.31 bone collagen matrix, astronauts brain, blood supply, in zero gravity" brown bear p 19.2.26 3.1.4 3.1.4 brown fat 17.2.2, 1.4.11 bone fractures 5.5.11 brain, human 11.4.37 brown hare p 12.4.18 bone growth dp19.3.2 brain, human: computer image brown rat p 12.4.39 bone loss in astronauts p2.1.25 p 12.5.28 Brownian movement 4.2.18 bone marrow d16.2.21, 7.3.11, brain: death 9.1.36 Bruford, Mike 13.2.15 1.2.19 brain: normal adult p 10.3.18 Brugia 4.3.2 bone marrow transplants 10.4.40 brains versus computers 5.1.35 bruise (colour) 16.4.2 bone structure 8.1.27 5.5.11, bran 6.3.11 brush border 7.1.28, 3.4.37, 3.4.19 p2.1.25 branched polymers 5.4.16 bryophytes as indicators of bone, collagen p 6.4.35 branched-chain alpha-keto acid copper/zinc 3.1.32 bone: sections of p 12.3.25 dehydrogenase (BCKAD) 12.5.15 bryophytes 3.1.32 bones 12.3.25, 3.4.23, p2.1.25 brandling worm 2.3.8 bryostatin 6.5.14 bony fish, gills d 3.5.29 Brassica campestris 4.1.32 BSE 15.4.25, 13.4.2, boom-bust fishery 14.1.10 Brassica oleracea cultivar botrytis 11.1.24, 10.5.38, 10.4.32, 3.2.11 borage p 11.2.19 p 12.1.18 BST, bovine somatotropin 11.1.24, borderline changes 11.4.38 Brassica vegetables p 12.1.18 8.3.25, 8.2.15, 3.2.11, 7.4.34, Bordetella pertussis 10.4.11 Brattleboro rats, urine 2.4.21 3.2.11 Borrelia burgdorferi: p11.1.6 Brazilian giant otter 8.2.12 Bt - see also Bacillus thuringiensis Bosch, Carl 11.5.2 BRCA1 and 2 genes 18.4.15 Bt / herbicide tolerance 16.1.21 botany, career in 1.4.28 BRCA1, breast cancer gene 9.2.26 Bt gene 7.4.34 botox p 16.2.33 BrdU, bromodeoxyuridine 1.3.20 BTO, British Trust for Ornithology

9 6.4.17, 14.3.11, 4.1.2 calcium Canis latrans p9.5.31 buccal swab 16.3.7 19.4.25, 13.2.10, 12.5.38, 12.2.16 Canis lupus 13.5.24, p9.5.31 budding 9.3.10 calcium, synapses 16.2.33 Canis mesomelas p9.5.31 budgerigar in UV light p17.4.24 calcium, third messenger 2.2.20 Canna 4.3.7 buffalo, African p 14.4.14 calcium-binding protein 2.2.20 cannabis 5.1.35 buffers calculate 17.4.34, 12.2.39 cannibalism, sexual 18.3.26 18.2.21, 13.2.10, 8.2.24, 1.4.16 Californian giant redwoods p8.4.6 cannon net p 14.3.11 Bufo calamites p14.2.26 Calliphora vicina p15.4.15 Cannon, Walter 4.5.12 bugs 2.1.35 callose synthesis 5.1.27 Cannon, William 7.5.6 bulimia nervosa 9.5.25, 9.2.33 Calloway, Jerry 9.3.14 Cano, Raul 11.1.2 Bulinus 14.2.34 Calluna vulgaris p18.2.14 , 13.5.29 canopy gap 5.5.30 bumblebee foraging pd7.2.31 culture 4.4.8 canopy, forest, exploring p 17.2.34 bumblebee p17.3.25, 6.4.14, callus tissue, plant propagation Canterbury 5.5.8 p5.1.30 2.2.36 CAP, common agricultural policy bundle of His 19.3.21, 18.2.34, 8.1.2 callus 5.3.31, 5.1.17 14.4.10 bundlesheath cells 5.4.30 calmodulin 2.2.20 capacitation, of sperm 2.1.2 bungaratoxin 16.2.33, 8.2.7 calorie-restricted diet and ageing capillaries 13.1.2, d7.3.19, Bungarus multicinctus 8.2.7 6.4.26 p13.1.2 Burgess Shale fossils p4.4.31 calories 6.2.2, 3.3.40 capillary filtration/ absorption Burmese cat 5.4.35 calorimeters 9.2.33 d12.5.9 burns treatment 3.2.2 calorimetry, indirect 6.5.24 capsaicin 2.4.9 bush meat 18.4.18 calpains 3.1.12 capsid bug 17.3.37, 3.2.6, 2.1.35 busulphan 10.4.40 Calvin cycle d10.1.10, 5.4.30, 1.2.34 captive animals, butterflies 14.4.10, 11.3.18 CAM, crassulacean acid metabolism behavioural enrichment 4.2.7 butterfly life cycle p6.5.2 5.4.30 captive breeding 19.2.26 butterfly mimics p4.5.8 cambium p14.1.42, 6.3.30 captive breeding, tortoises 4.4.28 butyrate 9.3.16 Cambrian period 4.4.31 captopril p5.3.7 bypass surgery 18.2.19, 5.1.10 Cambridge University 13.5.29 capture/recapture calculation byssal threads 13.1.19 camel 12.5.18, 1.4.9 16.3.14 C.elegans p15.3.13 Camelford incident, Al pollution carageenan 4.3.29 C:N ratio 5.2.30, 4.2.2 3.4.27 carbamate insecticide 2.1.35 C3 & C4 plants 15.2.12, 5.4.30, CAMM, computer assisted molecular carbamide 11.1.34 4.4.21 modelling 5.3.7 carbohydrates 15.3.37, 13.4.9, Ca, plant nutrient 4.3.12 camouflage effect, microbes 15.1.26 13.1.11, 12.2.16, 12.2.22 12.4.11, cabbage white butterfly caterpillar camouflage 10.5.31 12.1.2, 5.4.16 p11.5.2, p10.4.18 cAMP 12.1.11, 5.1.35, 4.4.2 carbohydrate digestion: small cachexia 1.4.11 cAMP wave propagation p17.3.21 intestine d9.3.16 cacti p8.3.38 cAMP: binding + structure d12.1.11 carbohydrate fermentation: large Cactoblastis on prickly pear p6.4.7 Campylobacter jejuni p19.3.7, intestine d9.3.16 CAD/CAM system 7.4.26 p15.1.26 carbohydrate metabolism 19.2.14, caddis fly adult, Limnephilus p3.1.25 cancellous bone 12.3.25 14.2.14, 2.1.16 caddis larvae - p12.4.23 p8.1.27, 2.1.25 carbohydrates d 19.1 12 Caenorhabditis elegans 13.5.29, cancer 19.4.21, 19.4.14, 16.1.26, carbohydrates as fuel 6.2.2 12.1.11, p5.2.30, 10.3.18, p9.3.2 13.4.36, 13.4.9, 12.5.38, 12.1.26, carbohydrates, RQ of 6.5.24 caesarean section p 14.4.27 11.3.36, 11.1.38, 10.4.15, 9.3.2, carbohydrates: dietary 9.3.16 caesium 137 4.5.17 8.5.2, 1.3.38 carbo-loading 12.2.22, 6.2.2 Caesium radioisotope in cervical cancer - malfunction of regulatory carbon 10.2.15 cancer 4.4.21 network 7.1.23 carbon atom 16.2.15 cafestol 14.2.22 cancer and smoking 14.4.27 carbon-carbon bond properties caffeine and health 14.2.22 cancer cells p14.4.37, 6.1.36 10.2.15 caffeine deficient coffee 10.2.40 cancer genes 16.1.26, 4.1.22 carbon emissions, reduction caffeine 13.1.11, 10.2.40, 7.5.19, cancer therapy 16.1.26 proposals 3.3.2 1.5.2 cancer treatment 16.1.26, 6.5.14, carbon fixation 10.1.10 caffeine: action + structure d7.5.19 4.1.22 carbon fluxes 9.5.18, 9.2.10 caffeine-free beans 10.2.40 cancer vaccines 15.1.39 carbon monoxide 10.1.14, 9.4.32 calciferol 2.3.2 cancer, breast 11.1.38, p7.4.6 carbon sinks 9.2.10 calcitonin 1.5.25 cancer, breast, endometrium and carbon skeleton 1.5.16 calcium absorption, phytate ovary 7.2.10 carbon, balance sheet 3.3.2 inference 2.3.2 cancer, immune response 15.1.39 carbon cycle 10.1.10, calcium homeostasis 11.2.36 cancer, lung: X-ray p11.1.38 9.2.10, d 3.3.2 calcium hydroxide 12.5.26 cancer: cervical 11.4.38 carbon dioxide 13.3.30, calcium hydroxyapatite p6.4.35 cancers, interferon treatment 7.2.23 13.2.10, 13.1.14, 1 0.2.18, 9.5.18, calcium in bone 6.2.2, 5.5.11 canderel 5.1.22 8.5.32 calcium ion release 2.2.20 Candida albicans 14.4.21 carbon dioxide dissociation curve calcium ions in synapses 5.1.35 Candida p 17.1.24, 11.1.27, 7.3.35 7.5.22 calcium loss, astronauts 3.1.4 candidiasis 14.1.37, 11.1.27, 7.3.35 carbon dioxide fixation 5.4.30 calcium metabolism 2.3.2 cane toad p6.4.7 carbon dioxide in plant spaces calcium phosphate 2.1.25 canine, boar p17.4.9 6.5.30 calcium signal 17.1.2 Canis familiaris p9.5.31 carbon dioxide levels in past 6.2.34

10 carbon dioxide, greenhouse gas career, pharmacology 15.3.21 catalysts, biological, non-enzymic 2.2.27 career, ranger 3.3.7 5.4.40 carbon dioxide, ventilation 6.1.6 career, teacher, science 4.1.17 catalytic aminoacids in enzymes carbon dioxide: atmospheric levels career: biomedical scientist in NHS 15.1.2 9.2.10 17.2.30 catalytic aminoacids 19.1.2, 6.2.26 carbon dioxide, 30 y trend d 3.3.2 career: student nurse 16.4.21 catalytic antibodies 5.4.40 carbonaria gene in Biston 14.1.19 careers for biology graduates 2.1.39 catalytic efficiency of enzymes carbonic acid 18.3.34, 13.2.10 careers in agrochemical industry 6.2.26 carbonic anhydrase 11.2.2 5.2.36 catalytic RNA 5.4.40 carboniferous period 8.5.32 careers in biology 1.1.38 cataract 17.4.30, 13.2.36, 8.3.14, carbophenothion, grey geese careers in biology, list 1.1.38 p8.2.30, 1.5.7, p64.26 poisoning 2.1.35 careers in biology: Macaulay Land cataract operation p17.2.9 carboxylation 5.4.30 Use Research Institute 13.5.29 cataract surgery p13.2.36, p8.2.30 carcass, pH changes 3.1.12 careers in chiropody 6.5.22 cataracts in diabetes 15.2.30 carcenogenicity 2.3.20 careers in dentistry 7.4.26 catecholamines 12.4.29, 4.1.19 Carchesium polypinum p 13.4.25 careers in Environmental Biology catfish: electric p 11.2.23 carcinogen 16.1.26, 11.3.36, 2.4.40 cathepsin 5.4.10, 3.1.12 11.1.38, 10.1.14, 7.4.6, 4.1.22, careers in forestry 4.5.28 catheter 13.2.28 1.3.38 careers in industrial research 2.3.28 cations 5.2.39 carcinogenic: bracken spores careers in physiology 3.4.25 cattle plague virus p 17.3.37 13.5.16 careers in podiatry 6.5.22 cattle rearing 7.2.36 carcinoma cell p 15.3.42 careers in public health 3.5.23 cattle, diseases from ticks 14.3.2 carcinomas 6.1.36 careers in teaching 19.4.18, 4.1.17 caudal pancreas 11.3.25 cardiac adipose tissue 3.1.36 careers in water management 2.4.40 Caulerpa taxifolia pd16.1.7 cardiac arrest 8.1.2 caribou 13.5.24 caulerpenyne 16.1.7 cardiac arrhythmia 10.1.25, 8.3.2 caries 5.2.12 cave dwellers 17.1.38 cardiac cycle: electrical control Carl Linnaeus 1.2.38 cavitation 6.5.30 10.1.21 carnassial teeth d 14.2.7 CD4 marker 1.2.19 cardiac muscle Carnivora 19.2.26, 14.2.7 CD4 protein 10.3.33, 3.4.15 19.4.25, 19.3.21, p 8.3.2 carnivores in woodland leaf litter CD8 marker 1.2.19 cardiac pacemaker 1.3.2 4.5.31 CD8:CD4 ratio 1.2.19 cardiology 10.1.21 carnivores 6.5.6, 3.1.25 CD9 egg protein 17.1.2 cardiology, career 3.1.2 carnivorous plants 2.5.7 cdc2p protein kinase activity 11.4.2 cardiothoracic medicine 11.3.40 carnivorous seed 2.5.7 CDK, cyclin dependent protein cardiovascular disease carotene 17.4.24, 5.4.2 kinases 14.4.37 13.4.9, 9.1.17 carotene from algae 4.3.29 cDNA 11.2.19, 1.5.25 cardiovascular system carotenoids 17.4.24, 16.4.2, 5.4.2 cell adhesion 5.4.7 13.1.32, 7.3.19 carp pox p2.4.40 cell concentration 15.1.14 cardioversion 10.1.21 carrier 19.4.10 cell counting 15.1.14 career as ecologist 6.3.25 carrier protein d19.1.2, 5.2.2 cell cultivation d 11.1.11 career as health visitor 7.3.23 carrier proteins for iron 6.1.16 cell culture 15.2.17, 7.4.6 career as patent agent 7.2.14 carriers of cystic fibrosis 4.4.18 cell culture, for secondary plant career as ranger 3.3.6 carriers, in lysosome membrane metabolites 2.4.9 career development 4.1.17 3.2.21 cell cycle 14.4.37, 11.4.2, 11.2.11 career in animal nutrition 3.2.11 carrying capacity 18.1.11, 2.2.15 d 8.5.2, d 7.4.6 career in athletics training 6.1.20 Carson, Rachel 17.4.17, 2.1.35 cell cycle control 11.4.2 career in botany 1.4.28 cartilage 8.1.27, 1.1.2 cell death genes: human 9.3.2 career in brewing 5.3.17 cartilaginous tubes 5.2.7 cell death in epitlelia p 7.1.23 career in variety testing 7.1.32 cascade in blood clotting cell differentiation 14.4.37, 9.3.2 career in dietetics 2.5.23 7.2.2, 5.1.10, d 2.4.12 cell differentiation, vitamin A 5.4.2 career in editing 5.4.14 cascades. signalling 17.4.13 cell division 14.4.37, 11.4.2, 8.5.2, career in environmental regeneration casein 16.3.2, 15.4.36, 10.1.32 1.3.20 4.3.16 castanospermine in AIDs 3.4.15 cell division cycle (cdc) 11.4.2 career in farming 6.2.18 caster oil 9.1.17 cell division: chromosome career in food production 6.2.18 castes in ants 3.5.7 segregation d11.4.2 career in industrial biochemistry Castor Canadensis, C. fiber 14.1.27 cell division: counting 11.2.28 5.5.6 Castoreum 14.1.27 cell division: newt lung cell career in orthotics 6.4.24 cat coat colour genes 5.4.35 p 13.5.42 career in pathology 5.1.40 cat family 14.2.7 cell growth, plant 3.3.22 career in physiotherapy 4.4.16 CAT scan p 5.2.18 cell growth/division in zero gravity career in prosthetics 6.4.24 cat, behaviour development 6.5.26 3.1.4 career in science publishing 5.4.14 cat, domestic, origins 6.5.26 cell isolation 11.1.11 career in seed testing 7.1.32 cat: suckling newborn p 10.1.32 cell line 18.3.6 career in sports science 6.1.20 CAT/CT scan 16.1.26 cell lineage 7.1.23 career, drug trials 4.2.15 Catabolism 15.3.37, 2.1.16, 1.1.30 cell membrane function 11.5.18 career, equine biology 15.2.21 catalase 12.5.26, 10.3.18 cell membrane 11.2.2 career, health visitor 15.1.35 catalase in peroxisomes cell movement, slime mould career, medical illustration 16.3.18 7.4.16, 7.4.21 d17.3.21 career, nursing 14.2.19 catalysts 1.5.16 cell nitrate probes 8.2.34

11 cell organelles;lysosomes 17.2.21 14.3.20 chemostat 2.2.12 cell permeability, cholesterol 5.5.20 Ceratocystis ulmi 12.2.31 chemotaxis 17.1.18, 12.1.11 cell proliferation 9.3.2 cercaria p16.3.21 chemotaxis, in bacteria 1.1.27 cell replacement therapy d16.2.21 cereal crops 15.3.16, 7.3.32 chemotherapy 13.3.26, 11.1.38 cell respiration 2.5.24 cereals, adaptations: biochemical, 10.4.40, 4.1.22, 1.1.12 cell selection 11.1.11 physiological, structural 13.3.30 chemotherapy, cancer 6.5.14 cell signalling 17.4.13, 6.5.2 cereals, rice 1.4.6 Chernobyl 4.5.17, 1.3.12 cell sorter machine d7.2.36 cerebellum 12.5.28, 12.3.28 Chernobyl, contamination of honey cell specialisation: plants 13.1.14 cerebral cortex d7.5.2 6.4.14 cell vesicles 6.4.16 cerebral ischaemia 9.1.36 chest: human d10.1.21 cell wall structure 13.1.14 cerebrospinal fluid 12.1.28 chiasma/chiasmata d15.4.20 cell wall synthesis 11.5.18 cervical cancer 6.1.36 chicken embryo p11.5.36 cell wall, plant 4.1.8, 3.3.22 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia chickens: transgenic p11.5.36 cell wall, plant, break down 4.1.8 11.4.38 childbirth, timing 14.1.2 cell, human: electron micrograph cervical samples children’s nursing 14.2.19 p12.3.14 cervical smear p17.2.30, p11.4.38 chilli pepper p2.4.9 cell, mammalian: electron cetaceans 1.4.30 chilling of meat 3.1.12 micrograph p9.4.24 CFCs 8.4.16, p3.3.2 chimaera 11.4.24, 2.5.5 cell: the 12.3.14 CFCs and ozone 2.2.27 chimp p15.3.13 cell-mediated immunity 12.1.32 CFTR gene mutation 4.4.18 ’s Sorrow (Yangtze) 14.2.34 cellobiose d19.1 12, CFTR gene, cystic fibrosis 4.4.18 chinese hamster ovary, CHO, cells d16.2.15, d5.4.16 cGMP 5.4.2 5.2.38 cellophane 9.1.7, 4.2.18 C-H bond 5.2.25 Chinese mitten crab pd15.2.6 cells communicate, how 2.2.20 Chagas disease 7.2.7 Chinese oak silkworm moth: male cells, ageing 6.4.26 Chain, Ernst 11.5.18, 2.3.26 p9.3.29 cellular changes in germination chalcone synthase 10.1.7 Chinook salmon 13.3.29 2.3.31 Challenger expedition 1872 19.1.36 CHIP28 9.2.18 cellular life evolution d9.5.31 chameleon p16.1.31 chironomid larvae p12.4.23 cellular respiration 10.1.25 chance effects in evolution 1.2.30 chiropodist, career 11.4.26, 6.5.22 cellulase d14.4.14, 13.3.19, 11.4.6, Chandler's score 3.1.25 chi-squared test 18.4.28, 9.3.7 4.4.6 Changeux, J-P 8.2.7 chitinase 4.4.6 cellulites p17.1.18 changing land management 14.4.10 Chlamydia p17.1.34, 12.1.22 celluloid 5.4.16 channel-forming integral protein of Chlamydia trachomatis: fallopian cellulose acetate 5.4.16 molecular mass 2800 (CHIP28) tube infection p12.1.22 cellulose degradation, in symbioses 9.2.18 Chlamys opercularis 1.2.25 7.4.8 channels in membranes chloramphenicol 9.4.24, 4.5.2 cellulose digestion, by ruminant d7.3.38, 1.5.2 chloride channels 3.4.19 bacteria 2.2.9 chaperonin 3.5.13 chloride ion movement 7.1.28 cellulose d19.1 12, p17.2.42, character (genetics) 3.3.33 chloride ion transport 5.3.2, 4.4.18 d14.4.14, 13.1.14, 13.1.27, charge coupled device microscopy chlorine 13.1.11 13.3.19, 9.1.7, 8.4.6, 6.3.30 6.4.30 chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) 8.4.16 5.4.16, 4.2.27, 4.1.8 charge pores 7.3.19 chlorofluorocarbons and ozone cellulosomes p14.4.14 Charles's law 11.1.14 2.2.27 cementum p17.2.30 cheek teeth, migration of 7.1.10 chlorophyll 17.3.33, d16.4.2, centimorgans 1.1.21 cheese 15.4.36, 11.3.10, 3.2.38 9.3.32, 8.3.28, 1.5.32 centipede p4.5.31 cheetah p 14.2.7, p14.1.19, chlorophyll: chemical structure central dogma 18.4.34, 15.2.9, 10.5.31,p6.1.2, p 4.2.7 d8.3.28 15.1.22, 4.5.2 cheetah, skin grafts p6.1.2 chlorophyll-protein complexes central fatigue concept d12.2.22 chelate 13.2.19, 4.3.12 8.3.28 central nervous system (CNS) chelating agent 17.1.24 Chlorophyta 3.4.7 11.4.30 chemical defence 14.3.20 chloroplasts dp16.4.2, 10.1.10, central stimulants 1.5.2 chemical energy 3.1.21 8.3.28, p3.5.13, p1.5.32, p1.2.34 Centre for Alternative Technology chemical messenger, NO as 14.4.18 chloroplast function 7.1.13 12.3.8 chemical structure 15.2.28 chloroplast proteins synthesis centrifugation 4.1.15 chemical synapse d8.4.26 3.5.13 centrioles d18.4.2, 8.5.2, 2.5.18, chemical transmission 5.1.35 chloroplasts in animals 1.2.34 6.3.2 chemiosmotic coupling 3.1.21 chocolate 14.2.22 centromere dp15.4.20, 11.2.11, chemiosmotic theory of ATP chocolate spot disease 2.3.23 p1.3.20 production 19.2.30 cholecystokinin 14.2.14, 5.1.35, centrosomes 8.5.2, d2.5.18 chemoautotrophic bacteria 13.4.25 3.4.37 ceontology 16.1.40 chemoautotrophic cave bacteria cholera 14.1.7, 13.4.25 CEP congenital erythropoietic 17.1.38 cholera bacteria 7.3.2 porphyria and vampire myth 16.4.2 chemoautotrophs 13.2.25 cholera toxin 17.4.13, 3.4.19 Cepaea nemoralis, selection factors chemoheterotrophic bacteria 13.4.25 cholestasis 14.2.14 p1.2.30 chemokines 18.1.2, 15.2.17, cholesterol d19.1.10, 18.1.21, Cephaelis elate 1.1.8 10.3.33 d8.1.3814.2.22, 14.2.14, 13.3.37, 1.3.27 chemonastic movements 2.5.7 13.2.2, 5.5.20, 4.2.37 cephalosporin 11.5.18, 2.3.26 chemoreception in bacteria 1.1.27 cholesterol biosynthesis 5.5.20 Cerapteryx graminis p11.4.28 chemoreceptors, breathing d14.4.2 cholesterol lowering drugs 13.2.2

12 cholesterol: measurement 13.2.2 cilia, long. section p 2.1.21 clones, algae 16.1.7 choline 6.4.16 cilia, moving d 5.3.2 clones, oil palm 1.4.28 cholinesterase 14.4.34 ciliary body d 17.2.9 cloning 18.3.6, 15.3.13, 10.4.15, Chondrichthyes 5.2.7 ciliary muscles 1.5.7 6.2.20, 2.5.5 choosing sex of cattle 7.2.36 ciliate from sheep rumen, SEM / cloning genes 5.1.17 chorionic villus sampling (CVS) TEM p 2.1.21 cloning hirudin 1.3.17 12.4.4, d 11.3.29 d 10.5.11 ciliate p17.3.10 cloning in bacteria 4.3.23 chorionic villus 12.4.36, 6.4.2 ciliated epithelium, trachea p 7.3.2 cloning sheep d 11.4.8 choroid d17.2.9 ciliated protozoan p 13.4.25 cloning, plants 2.2.36 Christopher Reeve 18.3.6 ciliates 13.4.25, 12.3.42, p 4.3.26 cloning: disease treatment 11.4.8 chromatids 11.2.11, 4.4.24, p 1.3.20 cilium, microtubules d 2.5.18 cloning: genetic disease avoidance chromatids, sister 15.4.20 cinnabar moth caterpillar p 6.3.7 11.4.8 chromatin loops 15.4.20 circadian rhythms 7.4.2, 1.2.15 cloning: genetic parenthood 11.4.8 chromatin circannual rhythms 7.4.2 cloning: human 11.4.8 11.2.11, 6.5.2, p 3.3.15, 1.3.20 circulation control elements d 12.5.9 cloning: willows 13.4.21 chromatography 8.5.15, 3.4.12 circulation 12.5.9 close season, for herring 1.2.25 p d 1.3.27 circulatory system d 7.3.19, 3.5.29 closed vs open communities 6.5.6 Chromodoris 14.3.20 cirrhosis 18.3.30 , 13.3.22, 5.2.18 Clostridia 9.3.16 chromomycosis p 17.1.24, p 11.1.27 cirrhotic liver p 5.2.18 clot break-down 5.1.10 chromophores 19.3.28,17.3.33 cisternae p 4.2.21 clot, blood d 17.3.2, 7.3.19, p 5.4.7, chromosomal disorders 11.3.29 cisternal compartments 1.4.18 2.4.12 chromosomal genes 9.1.10 CITES, convention on international clots dissolving 2.4.12 chromosomal rearrangement trade in endangered species clotting factors 2.4.12 18.2.25 8.2.12, 4.4.28. 1.3.17 cloverleaf structure 4.5.2 chromosomal sex determination citric acid 1.2.6 clozapine and psychosis 18.4.15 7.1.7 citric acid cycle 19.2.14, d15.3.37, clumped distribution d 6.3.19 chromosomal sympatric speciation 10.3.22, 7.1.28, 6.2.2, 5.2.25, Clupea harengus 1.2.25 8.5.7 4.3.38, 3.3.40, 1.2.6, 1.3.30, clutch 4.1.2 chromosome identification 10.2.33 1.1.30 cnidae, stinging organelles 6.2.7 chromosome inversions 18.2.10 citrulline 11.1.34 6.2.7 chromosome map, Down's citrus fruit p14.1.15 cnidosac d 14.3.20 syndrome p 4.4.24 CJD 11.1.24, 10.5.38, 10.4.32 CO2 and plant growth 15.2.12 chromosome mapping 1.3.20 Cl, plant nutrient 4.3.12 CO2 in atmosphere, 30 y trend chromosome memory 11.2.11 cladistics 8.3.34 d 3.3.2 chromosome numbers in different Cladophora p 4.3.35 coagulation 7.2.2, 1.3.36 species 4.4.24 clam, Asian freshwater 14.2.34 coal extraction 1.5.12 chromosome of E. coli 1.2.12 claspers 13.4.29 coastal redwood 19.3.38 chromosome painting 8.4.2 classical biological control 17.4.17, coat colour genes in cats 5.4.35 chromosome translocation, in Wolf- 6.4.7 coat proteins, vesicles 4.2.21 Hirschhorn syndrome 1.1.21 classification 1.2.38 cobblestone pattern' endothelium chromosomes 18.4.34, 15.4.20, classification of badgers 18.4.18 p 2.4.12 11.2.11, p6.5.2, p5.5.2, p1.3.20, Claude Bernard 4.5.12 cocaine 5.1.35 11.4.2 claws of Archaeopteryx 2.5.11 cocaine, effect on maggot chromosomes, human, male clay 7.2.16 development 15.4.15 p 7.2.36 cleaning 8.1.34 coccidioidomycosis 11.1.27 chromosomes: human clear cutting 10.3.25 coccoliths p 16.2.42 d 11.4.2, p 11.2.11 cleavage of egg 2.1.2 cochlea 19.3.27, d 3.1.16 chromosomes: Williams syndrome cleavage 4.3.18 cochlear implant d 3.1.16 p 12.4.36 cleft palate, research using cochlear nerve, impulses d 3.1.16 chronic bronchitis 9.4.32 crocodilians 1.2.2 cockchafer 11.2.5 chronic myeloid leukaemia 10.4.40 clickbeetle d p 6.2.30 cocoa 14.2.22 chronic pancreatitis 9.3.24 climate change 16.1.10, 14.4.10, cocoa pods p 9.1.17 chronic wound p17.3.2 10.2.18 coconut fibres 12.3.19 chronobiology 1.2.15 climate: plant distribution 7.5.34 coconut oil 9.1.17 chrysalis 13.4.29 climatic climax 18.1.11 coconuts d 9.1.17 chrysanthemum p 10.2.23 climax community 14.2.2 cod liver oil, rickets cure 2.3.2 chrysopsin 5.2.7 climax vegetation 16.1.7 codiene 2.4.9 Chthamalus stellatus p12.4.31 clinical aspects of circadian rhythms coding sequences DNA d 7.3.25 Chum salmon 13.3.29 1.2.15 codons 11.3.2, 8.1.14, 5.1.20, chylomicron metabolism 4.2.37 clinical chemist 17.2.30 2.3.15 chyme 3.4.37, 2.2.9 clinical trials 18.4.15 Coelacanths p 10.2.10, p 8.5.27 chymosin 15.4.36, 11.3.10, 9.5.7 clinical trials, career 4.2.15 coelom 2.3.8 chymosin: calf 13.3.19 cloaca 14.1.27 coelomate d 4.3.2 chytrids 15.3.33 clock, human body 1.2.15 coenzyme A 1.2.6 cicada: nymph-adult p10.4.18 clocks, biological 7.4.2 coenzyme Q 4.3.38 cichlid 14.1.10 clomiphene, fertility drug 16.1.2 coenzymes 12.1.31, 11.5.32, ciffusion in alveoli 16.1.36 clones 19.4.21 4.2.11, 1.5.16 cigarette smoking and lung 2.5.24 clone, lymphocytes 5.5.15 coevolution 14.1.10 cilia p18.4.2, p6.3.2 cloned crops 7.3.32

13 co-evolution of pollinating insects comfrey p 11.2.19 confidence intervals 13.4.34 and flowers 7.2.31 commensal 7.3.35, 1.3.38 conflict humans and tigers 16.3.36 coevolution 11.3.18 commensalism 18.4.18 confocal laser microscopy 12.5.42 co-evolution, bee, orchid 2.1.7 comment on 1.3.15 confocal scanning microscope cofactor 15.1.2, 12.1.31 Common Agricultural Policy, CAP p19.3.34, 13.1.36 co-factors in absorption 5.1.2 14.4.10 conformation 19.1.2 cofactors in clotting 2.4.12 Common Birds Census 16.4.17 confounding variables, in coffee 14.2.22, 10.2.40 common blue butterfly p 14.4.10 epidemiological studies 2.1.30 coffee: bacterial genes in 10.2.40 common garden snail, congenital cataracts 13.2.36, 8.2.30 cohesion-tension theory 13.1.14 Helix aspersa p 3.2.30 congenital disease 1.1.21 Coho salmon 13.3.29 common pili 9.1.10 conidiophores, Aspergillus p 17.1.42 coir 12.3.19 common shrew p 12.4.18 conifers 16.2.8, 6.2.11, p 4.5.28 cola drinks, caffeine 14.2.22 communicable disease 14.1.22 conjugate pair salt 1.4.16 colchicines 8.5.2, 6.3.27, 2.5.18 communicating 13.1.6 conjugated system 8.3.28 cold and warm receptors skin 17.2.2 communities, open/closed 6.5.6 conjugation 12.2.28 cold pasteurisation 12.2.25 community 17.1.38, 14.2.2, 12.1.6 conjugation in bacteria p19.4.30, cold shock, human, response community nursing 14.2.19 d18.4.21, 9.1.10 3.4.25 community response 10.5.18 conjugative plasmid 9.1.10 cold, responses to 4.5.12 compact bone p 8.1.27, 2.1.25 conjugative transposons 9.1.10 Coleoptera 10.4.18 compactin 18.1.38 connective tissue in lung 2.5.24 coleoptile 3.3.22 companion cells 13.1.14, 5.2.2 connective tissue p 8.1.27 Coley, William 7.2.23 companion planting 11.5.11 connective tissue: egeneration Coley's toxins 7.2.23 comparative physiology 19.4.42 8.1.27 colicin E3 9.4.24, 4.5.2 compare 12.2.39, 1.3.15 Connell, J.H 12.4.31 colipase 3.4.37 competition plants 17.3.33 consequentialist arguments 13.3.26 collagen pd15.1.22, 8.1.27, 7.5.28, competition 12.4.31, conservation 19.2.26, 16.3.14 7.2.2, 6.4.35, d 3.4.34, 3.2.2, 12.1.6, 6.2.11, 5.5.30 conservation and agriculture 4.4.12 2.1.25 competition: sperm 10.5.2 conservation biocontrol 17.4.17 collagen in vitreous humour 17.2.9 competition: squirrel 10.4.30 Conservation Breeding Society collagen structure and synthesis competitive exclusion principle Group(CBSG) 9.3.21 4.2.11 5.5.30 conservation headlands 17.4.17 collagen type IV 13.4.36 competitive inhibitors 15.1.2 conservation of biodiversity 16.2.38 collagenase 1.3.17 complement 17.1.18, 5.5.15 conservation of energy 5.5.26 collecting techniques: invertebrates complementary DNA 1.5.25 conservation of genetic diversity 10.4.23 complementary dominants 1.5.29 17.1.6 collecting duct, kidney 5.3.20, complementary strand 5.1.20 conservation officers, National 2.4.21 complete heart block 8.1.2 Rivers Authority 2.4.40 collector filter feeders 3.1.25 completion, property of brain 5.1.35 conservation 1.1.8 collector gatherers 3.1.25 compost heap 11.1.20 conservation, barn owl 2.4.6 colliery spoil p 10.5.18 compost, earthworms 2.3.8 conservation, frogs 17.2.17 colloid osmotic pressure 6.2.40 composting p 18.3.14, 5.4.27, 4.4.6 conservation, tortoises 4.4.28 colloid 5.2.18 18.4.21 conservation: bracken habitat for colonic digestion 9.3.16 computed tomography d p 14.3.24 13.5.16 colony stimulating factors 7.2.23 computer assisted molecular conservation: newts 11.5.5 Colorado beetle larvae p 11.5.2 modelling 5.3.7 conservation: peat bogs 11.1.20 coloration 6.1.31 computer literacy, for career 2.1.39 conservation: woodland 12.2.31 coloration, frogs 17.2.17 computer models of microorganisms Conservula cinisigma, control of colorimeter 3.4.12 7.2.28 bracken 1.1.36 colostrum 10.1.32, 7.1.2 computer tomography (CT) 11.4.37 constitutive proteins 14.3.6 colour change, squid p d 1.3.27 computer tomography through upper consultants 13.1.39 colour genes, cat 5.4.35 abdomen p13.5.2 consumer 12.1.6 colour of feathers 17.4.24 computerised axial tomography consumers/producers Eden project colour vision 19.3.28 p 5.2.18 15.3.2 colour vision, birds 17.4.24 computers in biology and medicine contact lenses 9.4.29 colour vision in cats 6.5.26 4.5.20 contaminant 2.1.10 colour, marking GEMs 6.4.30 computers 11.5.24 contaminants of land 11.3.22 colours in biology 16.4.2 concealment 10.5.31 continental drift theory 3.1.32 Colpoda p 11.1.20 conclusions, in experiments 2.5.14 continuous culture 8.5.35, 2.2.12 Colpoda steinii 14.3.6 condensation 13.5.10 continuous variables 7.4.38 Columbus landing in America condenser 19.3.34, 13.2.32, 13.1.36 contraception 12.1.22, 7.2.10, 6.4.2 p 4.2.11 conditioned bait aversion 14.2.31 contraception: deer 11.5.21 cells 12.4.14 condoms 14.1.37 contraception: male 13.2.6 columnar epithelia 7.1.23 condoms and HIV infection 7.4.30 contraceptive chemicals: effect columnar epithelium p 7.1.18 conduction system: cardiac muscle d 11.5.21 comb jellies p 6.3.2 d 8.1.2 contraceptives p 7.2.10 combination therapy 14.1.37 conductive hearing loss 19.3.27 contractile proteins 8.3.2, 2.4.2 combinatorial chemistry 14.1.22 cone cells 17.4.24 contraction of muscle 19.4.25, combustion 9.2.10 cone snail feeding 16.2.33 3.3.40 comedone formation 9.1.29 conferences 11.2.40 contrast 1.3.15

14 control experiment 18.2.21 corrugated card trap d 4.5.31 creatine: performance enhancer control group 14.3.11 cortical bone 12.3.25, p 8.1.27, 12.3.23 control of bracken 1.1.36 5.5.11 creosote bush p 7.5.6 control of dust mites 5.3.38 cortical reaction 17.1.2 cretaceous period 11.1.2 control of insect pests with GE corticosteroid hormone 5.2.27 cretinism 12.2.19, 6.2.14 organisms 5.1.25 corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF) Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease(CJD) control of mole crickets in turf 7.3.7 12.5.2 13.4.2, 11.1.24, control of rats 14.2.31 cortisol 13.1.22 10.5.38,10.4.32. 8.2.15. 7.3.25 Control on International Trade in Corynebacterium diptheria 4.5.2 Crick and Watson p 5.3.7. 4.2.25 Endangered Species – see CITES COS7 fibroblasts p 17.3.42 Crick, Francis 11.3.2. 10.4.15, control sequences, DNA d7.3.25 cosmetics testing, acute 10.2.33, 8.1.14 control, biological: ladybirds 13.3.2 cytotoxicity 2.3.20 crime scene investigator 18.3.38 control, biological: nematodes cosmetics testing, ethics 2.3.20 cristae 10.3.22, 4.3.38 13.5.20 cosmetics 4.3.32 critical point-dried 13.3.6 control: barnacles 13.5.7 costal redwood p 13.1.14 criticise 1.3.15 control: bracken 13.5.16 cost-benefit analysis 5.1.30 crocodile feeding p 5.5.26 control: British shore crab 13.5.7 costs and benefits of parental care crocodile, Nile p 17.3.10 Convention on International Trade in 17.2.13 Crocodiles 1.2.2 Endangered Species - see CITES costs, university degree 14.1.34 crocodilians 1.2.2 convergence 9.1.2, 1.2.30 cotransmission 8.4.26 crop (in gut) 1.3.17 convergent evolution 3.2.35 co-transport protein d 14.1.7 crop damage by boar 17.4.9 conversion efficiency 3.5.34 cotton bollworms p 11.5.2 crop flowering, time prediction 3.4.2 convoluted tubule 16.2.2 cotton 6.3.30 crop fungal diseases 4.5.22 Convolvulus arvensis p 12.4.14 cottony cushion scale p 6.4.7 crop improvement 8.2.34, 7.3.32 cooking, proteinase inhibitors 5.1.27 cotyledons 10.3.2 crop losses in UK d 5.2.36 cooling towers p 3.5.2 coumarin 2.4.12 crop nutrition, organic 4.1.28 copper 12.5.38 Council for Professions crop physiology, career in 6.2.18 copper/zinc, bryophyte indicators Supplementary to Medicine crop plants 7.3.32 3.1.32 (CPSM) 13.3.14 crop plants, areas of origin d 3.4.2 coppicing cycle d 12.2.31 countercurrent exchange crop protection chemicals sales coppicing 13.4.21, 12.2.31 mechanisms 9.1.2, 2.4.21, 1.3.7 d 5.2.36 Coprinus fungus p 3.1.4 countercurrent multiplier 16.2.2, crop protection 19.2.21, 18.3.10, coprophagy 2.2.9 9.1.2 9.3.14, 9.3.29 copy DNA 1.5.25 Countryside Commission 4.3.16 crop protection, career in 6.2.18 copying behaviour, cats 6.5.26 Countryside Council for Wales crop protection, organic 4.1.28 copyright 7.2.14 18.1.11, 6.4.33 crop rotation 19.2.21, 7.2.16 reef p 16.1.31, p 7.4.8 countryside ranger, career 3.3.6 crop spray p 4.1.28 Corbicula 14.2.34 course essays 7.1.40 crop storage, career in 6.2.18 corduroying 12.2.31 courses in nursing 14.2.19 crop varieties testing, career in core body temperature 4.5.12 court bees 2.1.33 7.1.32 Cori cycle 18.2.6, d 8.1.20 courtship displays 17.4.2 crop varieties 7.3.32 coriander 11.5.39 courtship, crocodilian 1.2.2 crop yield, increasing 15.3.16 cormorant p 6.1.6 courtship, flies 2.2.2 crop-dressing, helicopter p 2.1.35 corn, Zea mays 1.5.29 courtship, snails 3.2.30 crops, GM: benefits 12.3.2 corn/maize pests p16.1.21 courtship, spiders 18.3.26 crops, nutritionally improved 15.1.10 cornea 9.4.29, 8.2.30, 1.5.7 covalent bonds 13.4.36, 10.2.15 crops, stress resistance of 15.1.10 corneal physiology 9.4.29 cover, measuring 6.3.19 cross fertilization 1.5.29 corneal transplant p17.2.9 cow gut 5.1.2 cross pollination 8.3.11 cornified envelope 9.3.36 cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) crossing over d 15.4.20, 4.4.24 coronary arteries production d 8.1.31 crossing, genetics 2.5.2 18.1.21, 13.2.2, p 7.3.19, p 2.3.35 cowpea pods p 8.1.31 Cruelty to Animals Act 2.3.20 coronary artery blockage d 10.1.25 COX1 & 2 15.1.19 crustaceans 13.4.29 coronary artery bypass COX-2 inhibitor 18.4.15 crustacyanin 6.1.31 18.2.19, 5.1.10 crab larvae p 15.2.6 cryofixation 19.4.6 coronary artery, atherosclerotic crablice 4.1.37 cryopreservation of sperm 15.4.10 p 7.4.21 cranial nerves d 19.1.32 cryostat p17.1.14, 8.1.34 coronary heart disease (CHD) crassulacean acid metabolism crypsis 6.3.7 18.1.21, 13.2.2, 10.1.25, 2.3.35 (CAM) 10.2.18, 8.5.32, cryptic coloration 6.3.7 coronary heart disease diabetes 7.5.6, 5.4.30 Cryptochelum iceryae 6.4.7 15.2.30 Crataerina pallida d 10.5.23 cryptococcal meningitis 14.1.37 coronary thromosis 2.3.35 Crawford, Neil a 2.2.19 cryptococcosis 11.1.27 coronary 5.4.10 crayfish plague 6.5.12 Cryptococcus neoformans 14.4.21 corpus cerebelli: light micrograph crayfish problems 6.5.12 Cryptosporidium parvum p 14.4.21 p 12.3.28 crayfish 6.5.12 Cryptosporidium p 19.4.6, 3.5.23 corpus luteum 19.2.34, 14.1.2, 6.4.2 creatine in the diet 12.3.23 Cryptothallus mirabilis p 3.1.32 correlation 14.3.38, 9.4.15, 1.1.19 creatine phosphate 6.4.11 crystalline lens 8.2.30, 1.5.7 correlation of steroids in blood and creatine synthesis 12.3.23 crystallins 1.5.7 saliva d 6.3.35 creatine transport 12.3.23 crystals of viruses 3.2.6 corridors, wildlife 1.1.8 Cs137 1.3.12

15 CT /CAT scan p18.4.38, 16.1.26, cytochrome proteins 7.5.28 deadly nightshade, Atropa dp14.3.24 cytochromes 16.4.2, 1.1.30 belladonna 18.3.21 CT scan abdomen p 16.1.19 cytogenetic analysis 10.3.12 deafness in white cats 5.4.35 Ctenophora 6.3.2 cytogenetics 1.3.20 deafness 19.1.21, 3.1.16 C-terminal 7.1.35 cytokine flu 7.2.23 deamidation 17.4.6, 6.4.26 C-terminus 5.4.10 cytokines 18.1.2, 16.3.31, 15.2.17, death rates 4.1.2 Cu, plant nutrient 4.3.12 15.1.39, 12.2.6, 12.1.11, 12.1.32, death: brain cells 9.1.36 cuboid epithelia 7.1.23 11.1.38, 10.4.40, 10.3.33, deaths, causes of, barn owls 2.4.6 cuckoo pint p 2.5.7 7.2.23, 4.1.22 debranching enzyme 13.1.22 cucumber mosaic virus 3.2.6 cytokinesis 4.4.24, 1.3.20 decaff 14.2.22 Culex 4.3.2 cytokinins 5.3.31, 3.3.22, 2.2.36, decarboxylases 12.1.31 cultivar 3.3.33 2.3.23 decay curve 13.4.14 cultivars, rice 1.4.6 cytomegalovirus 14.1.37, 7.4.30 deciduous endometrium 3.2.13 cultivated mushrooms 5.4.27 cytopathic 10.3.33 deciduous woodland 6.2.11 cultivated rice, origins 2.4.27 cytoplasm 13.1.14, 8.3.38 decimals, dealing with 6.4.38 cultured keratinocytes 3.4.34 cytoplasmic streaming 8.4.6 Declaration of Helsinki 12.2.36 Cumbria, Chernobyl fallout 1.3.12 cytosine 12.5.22, 12.1.26, 10.4.15, decline in invertebrate food supply cumulus cells p 2.1.2 10.1.36 16.4.17 curators 12.3.35 cytoskeleton p 15.3.42, 5.4.7, decline in range, butterflies 14.4.10 curds and whey 15.4.36 5.3.28, 4.1.8, 2.5.18 decline in seed bank supply 16.4.17 cure for cancer? 16.1.26 cytoskeleton: plants 8.4.6 decline of biodiversity 16.2.38 curlew p 3.5.10 cytosol 18.1.16, 3.5.13 decline of tiger 16.3.36 current flow across membranes cytotoxic T cells 19.1.24, d 19.4.34, decomposers 17.4.6, 11.1.20, 6.5.6 7.3.38 19.4.14, d 16.3.31 13.5.32, 5.5.15 decomposition, earthworms 2.3.8 curvilinear graphs 14.4.25, 14.3.38 cytotoxin 10.3.40 decontamination 19.4.2 cuticle, nematode 4.3.2 daffodils p 14.3.11 dedifferentiation of cells 4.1.22 cutin 4.2.27 daily cycle of saliva 6.3.35 deep sea d19.1.36 cuttings 2.2.36 daily rhythms 7.4.2 deep vein thrombosis 19.3.15 gills d 3.5.29 dairy products 3.2.38 deepwater rice 1.4.6 cyanobacteria 19.1.16, 14.2.2, Dalton, John 19.3.28 deepwater sharks 5.2.7 13.5.28, 13.3.30, 12.4.23, 11.5.2, Dalton's Law 11.1.14 deer contraception: ethics 11.5.21 10.2.2, p9.2.2, 9.1.25, p 8.5.17, damage to bluebells by boar 17.4.9 deer management 11.5.21 8.3.28, 7.4.8, p6.5.30, 4.3.29, damage to ear, road drills, pop deer, red p 2.1.25 p3.5.19, 1.4.2,1.4.6 music 3.1.16 deer, red, farming 1.4.9 cyanobacteria in lichen p 1.4.2 damage to hair cells p 3.1.16 deer: contraception 11.5.21 cyanobacteria symbionts in damaged endothelial cell p 2.4.12 defecation 5.1.2 bryophytes 3.1.32 D-amino acids 9.5.39 defense 18.1.2 cyanobacteria, blooms 15.3.33 Dams 14.2.34 defensins 18.1.2 cyanobacterial mats on oil spills damselfly: mating p 10.5.2 defense mechanisms, body 7.3.2 p 6.1.28 Danaus plexippus 11.3.18 deficiency diseases 11.5.32 cyanobacterial toxins 13.5.28 Danielli and Davson membrane deficiency: copper 12.5.38 cycad p 1.4.2 model d 6.4.16 deficiency: iron 12.5.38 cyclic AMP 12.1.11, 8.4.26 8.3.21, DAP1 fluorescence p 1.2.34 deforestation 18.1.7, 10.3.25 7.5.19, 3.4.19 2.4.21, 2.2.20, Daphnia d 6.5.6, p 5.3.35 deforestation, Africa 12.3.33 1.4.11 dark field photograph p 5.4.29 deformed fish, acid rain 1.1.15 cyclic GMP 14.4.18, 8.5.38 dark side of vitamins 6.5.36 DEFRA 17.4.9 cyclin 17.1.2, 14.4.37, 11.4.2 Darwin, Charles 12.3.35, 11.4.18, degenerate code 17.1.6 cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) 11.3.18, 11.1.24, 11.1.30, 10.5.2, degradable organic material, as 17.1.2, 11.4.2 9.5.2, 9.2.15, 8.5.7, 8.4.30, 2.3.8, pollutants 2.1.10 cycloamylose structure d 12.1.2 1.5.29, 1.2.30 degrees in biology 18.4.31 cyclohexane d 16.2.15 Darwin’s finches d 16.2.24, p 8.5.7 dehydration 14.1.7, 13.1.11, 12.2.22, cyclooxygenase 15.1.19 Darwinian medicine 12.2.2 8.1.34 Cyclops d 6.5.6 Darwin's theory 12.3.35 dehydrocholesterol 2.3.2 cyclosporin A 1.2.19 data logger 3.1.25 de-inking 6.3.30 cysteine d17.3.7 data: dealing with 12.4.6 delayed hypersensitivity 7.3.2 cystic fibrosis gene therapy 7.4.34 data: past exam questions 12.4.6 delayed implantation 6.4.2 cystic fibrosis p16.4.8 date palm wilts p 4.5.22 delousing p 4.1.37 cystic fibrosis 9.3.24, 6.1.22, dauer larva, nematodes p 7.3.7 dementia 15.1.19, 14.1.37 5.2.15, 4.4.18, 5.3.2, 6.4.35 Davies, Kay 11.1.1 demersal fish 1.2.25 cystinosis, kidney disease 3.2.21 dawn redwood 19.3.38 demographic change 11.2.32 cysts, resting, amoebae 2.2.6 day-degrees accumulation 3.4.2 Denali National Park 13.5.24 cytochemistry 19.3.34, 13.2.32, daylength and pelage 17.4.37 denaturation of DNA 16.3.10 13.1.36 daylength and plant growth 15.2.12 denaturation 1.5.16 cytochrome b6/f complex 3.5.13 daylength, plant response 3.4.2 denatured 7.5.28 cytochrome c 6.1.16, 4.3.38 daylength, variation with latitude dendritic cell p 19.4.14 cytochrome oxidase 3.5.19, 3.5.29 d 3.4.2 Dendrobaena p 18.3.14 cytochrome P450 14.4.34, 4.2.11 day-neutral plants 3.4.2 Dendrocoelum lacteum 6.3.2 cytochrome P450 2D6 18.4.15 DDT 15.1.29, 14.2.31, 1.5.22 dendrograms 8.3.34 denitrification d 19.1.16, 4.2.2, 1.4.2

16 denitrifying bacteria 13.2.25 detergent 14.2.14, 6.5.16 diazinon, resistance mechanisms Denmark 8.5.32 detergent action of bile etc. 2.4.18 1.5.22 dense connective tissue 8.1.27 detergent in gut 5.1.2 diazotrophic bacteria 1.4.2 dense granules 13.1.32 detoxification enzymes 12.1.18 diazotrophic 2.2.24 density dependence 2.2.15 detoxification 5.2.18 DIC, disseminated intravascular density dependent mortality 3.3.35 detoxifying insecticides 2.1.35 coagulation 1.3.17 density dependent regulation 4.1.2 detritivores 6.5.6, 4.5.31, 3.1.25 dicoumarol 6.5.36 density gradient 4.1.15 detritud foodchain 6.5.6 dichromat 19.3.28 density independent factors 11.5.5 detritus d 6.5.6 Dictyostelium amoebae: electron density of hedgehogs 4.2.31 deuteranomaly 19.3.28 micrograph p 12.1.11 density vs foodsupply, squirrels deuteranopia p 19.3.28 Dictyostelium discoideum p 17.3.21, 16.2.8 deuterium 4.4.21 12.1.11 density 10.5.6 developing world, medicines for Dictyostelium fruiting body p 12.1.11 density, measuring 6.3.19 14.1.22 Dictyostelium life cycle 12.1.11 density-dependant factors 11.5.5 development rate of blowfly, Dictyostelium p15.3.13, 12.1.11 density-gradient ultracentrifugation temperature dependence 6.1.38 Diego antigen 9.5.10 11.3.15 development, chloroplast 3.5.13 diesel 9.1.17 dental caries and fluoride 3.3.26 development, embryonic 5.4.7 diet and ageing 6.4.26 dental caries 5.2.12 development, role of vitamin A 5.4.2 diet of athletes 1.3.30 dental plaque and pH d 5.2.12 developmental biology 19.4.21 diet 13.2.2 dental plaque and saliva 6.3.35 developmental controls 17.3.33 dietary carbohydrates 9.3.16 dentine p 17.2.30, 3.3.26 developmental gene 5.4.29 dietary deficiencies: human 13.2.19 dentistry, careers in 7.4.26 developmental genes, Drosophila dietary iron 6.1.16 dentition, carnivore d 14.2.7 5.2.15 dietetics, career in 2.5.22 deoxynojirimycin in AIDs 3.4.15 devil's coach horse p 4.5.31 dietetics, patients 2.5.22 deoxynucleotide triphosphates devise 1.3.15 diethylstilbestrol (DES) 11.5.21 11.1.18 dewclaw 14.2.7 diet-induced thermogenesis 1.4.11 deoxyribonucleic acid - see DNA Dexter, Mike 11.5.1 diets: animal 12.2.16 Department for the Environment dextran 5.2.12 differential gene expression 2.3.15 Transport and Regions 12.3.2 dextrins 12.2.22 differentiation 19.4.21, 16.2.21 Department of Agriculture and dextro 9.5.39 differentiation of cells in testis 7.3.28 Fisheries for Scotland 13.5.29 DHA 13.4.9 differentiation of cells 6.5.2 Department of the Environment dHis-tag protein purification d16.4.32 differentiation of cells, role of (DoE) 9.1.33 diabetes 18.4.10, 15.2.17 vitamin A 5.4.2 dependent variable diabetes, lactic acid in 18.2.6 differentiation of xylem and phloem 19.3.10,14.3.38, 14.3.11 diabetes and insulin 4.4.2 2.2.36 dephosphorylation 17.4.13 diabetes health risks d15.2.30 differentiation 7.1.23 depolarisation 10.1.21, 8.1.2 diabetes insipidus 2.4.21 differentiation, cell 14.4.37 d 7.3.38, 4.3.26 diabetes mellitus 15.2.30,13.4.36, diffraction rings d 13.1.36 deposit feeders 5.1.2 13.2.36, 10.2.30, 7.3.19, 3.5.37, diffuse porous 18.1.33 depression 12.1.28 2.4.21, 2.1.16 diffusion and mass flow 6.5.30 depth perception, kitten 6.5.26 diabetes 15.2.30, 12.2.6, 1.5.25 diffusion d14.1.7, 7.5.6, Derbyshire neck 6.2.14 diabetic retinopathy p17.4.30, 4.2.18 3.5.29, 1.1.27 dermal papilla 17.4.37, 10.3.37 p17.2.9, p16.3.18, p8.2.30 diffusion, Fick’s Law 15.1.6 Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, diacylglycerol 2.2.20 digestion 12.5.18, 5.1.2 life cycle p d 5.3.38 diagnosis of AIDS 7.4.30 digestion in cells 17.2.21 dermatophytosis 11.1.27 diagnostic radiography 10.1.30 digestion in kangaroo 7.1.10 dermis 18.3.38, 17.3.2, 3.2.2 diagnostic technology 4.5.20 digestion in ruminants 14.4.14 desaturation d 11.2.19 diakinesis 4.4.24 digestion of insects by plants 2.5.7 Descartes 7.4.2 dialysis 14.2.19, 12.1.14, 4.2.18 digestion, coordination of 3.4.37 describe 17.4.34 13.5.10, 12.2.39, dialysis dementia syndrome 3.4.27 digestion, intracellular 3.2.21 11.5.14, 1.3.15 diamond moth larvae p 9.3.29 digestion, pH 13.5.2 desert wasteland 2.3.11 diamondback rattlesnake p 8.2.7 digestion: hydrogencarbonate ions desertification 2.3.11 Dianette 9.1.29 13.5.2 desiccation of seeds 2.3.31 diapause 13.3.2 digestion: pancreatic function 13.5.2 desiccation resistance. Moss 3.1.32 diaphragm 14.4.2 digestive enzyme secretion d 9.3.24 design in biology 5.1.30 Diaptomus d 6.5.6 digestive enzymes 3.4.37, 5.1.2 design of experiments 14.3.11 diarrhoea 14.2.19, 14.1.37, 14.1.7, digestive system, crayfish d 5.1.2 design registration 7.2.14 5.3.20, 3.4.19, 2.2.9 digestive system, horse d 5.1.2 Desmodus: adaptations d 8.1.37 diarrhoeal disease 14.1.22 digestive system, planarian d 5.1.2 Desmodus: stomach d 8.1.37 diastema 7.1.10 digestive system, desmosome d p 7.1.23, 5.3.2 diastole 18.2.34, 12.5.35, 12.5.9, d 5.1.2 destabilisation of cell membranes 10.1.21, 9.5.14, 8.1.2 digestive system, seasquirt d 5.1.2 6.5.16 diatoms pd6.5.6, p3.5.10, digestive system, slug d 5.1.2 destructive interference 13.1.36 p2.5.35, p2.1.21, p1.1.15 digestive system, squid d 5.1.2 detailed description 18.2.21 diatoms; barium sulphate crystals digestive systems, see guts 5.1.2 detecting environmental pollutants as gravity receptors in 3.1.4 dilution plating 15.1.14 13.5.28 diazinon 2.1.35 dilution 5.4.35 detection of gases 15.4.32 dinitrogen 1.4.2

17 dinitrogenase 1.4.2 distribution of A blood group gene DNA: complementary 11.2.19 dinitrophenol, DNP d 3.1.21 d 2.4.25 DNA: dinosaur 11.1.2 dinosaur: DNA 11.1.2 distribution 13.1.30 DNA: double helix d 8.1.14 dinosaur p19.1.42, 2.5.11 disulphide bond d 6.2.40, 5.3.2 DNA: hydrogen bonding d 10.1.36 dioecious plant 8.3.31 disulphide cross-linking: cysteine DNA: junk 10.2.10 dioecious 1.5.29 d 9.3.36 DNA: mitochondrial 11.4.10 Dionaea muscipula p 12.4.14 diuresis 14.3.11, 2.4.21 DNA: structural components Diphtheria 9.4.17, 7.3.2, 4.5.2 divergence 18.4.18 d 8.1.14 Diplocarpon rosae 8.3.11 diversity indices 14.3.11, 9.1.25 doctor - scientist communication diploid 16.4. 23, 10.3.33, diversity 12.4.31 11.2.40 4.4.24 diving birds and mammals 6.1.6 doctor: junior 13.1.39 diplotene 4.4.24 diving depths, mammals d 1.4.30 dodder, Cassytha p 3.2.35 dipolar ions 7.1.35 diving ducks 1.4.30 dogfish p 5.2.7 dipper (bird) and acid rain 1.1.15 diving mammals 1.4.30 dogs mercury p 12.2.31 Dipsacus p 2.5.7 division in exams 6.4.38 dogwhelks, projects 2.5.30 Diptera 15.4.15, 13.3.2, 10.4.18, division of labour, ants 3.5.7 dogwhelks, tributylin 13.5.7 6.1.38 DNA 18.4.21, 16.3.14, 15.4.32, dolastatin 6.5.14 dipterocarp p 5.5.30 15.2.9, 13.1.19, 13.2.15, 13.2.19, Dolly the sheep 18.3.6, 15.2.39 direct fitness 13.2.15 13.4.2, 12.5.22, 12.3.12, 12.3.2, Dolomedes p18.3.26, p12.3.19 disablement service centres 6.4.24 12.4.11, 12.4.36, 12.5.22, 12.5.6, dolphins 1.4.30 disaccharides 19.1 12, 17.3.28, 12.1.11, 11.5.24, 11.4.24, 11.2.11, DOM 17.1.38, 6.5.6, 5.1.2 7.2.19, 7.1.13, 5.4.16 11.2.28, 11.1.38, 10.1.2, 9.5.10, domains of macromolecules 5.3.2 discontinuous variables 7.4.38 8.1.14, 7.2.28, 5.5.2, 4.5.2, domains of membrane proteins Discophrya collini p 11.1.20 12.3.28, 11.3.22, 7.5.28, 11.3.15, 6.4.16 discovery of viruses 3.2.6 11.3.36, 8.1.31 dominance 15.4.7 discuss 1.3.15 DNA base sequence 2.3.15 dominant gene 2.5.2 disease 19.1.24 DNA code 6.5.2 DOPA 5.3.28 disease control, malaria 15.1.29 DNA coding: inserting d10.4.2 Dopamine 12.4.29, 12.1.28, disease prevention, malaria 15.1.29 DNA colour coding 12.2.42 5.3.28, 1.3.2 disease resistant roses 8.3.11 DNA damage check d 14.4.37 dor beetle p 11.2.5 disease transmission, ticks 14.3.2 DNA damage d 4.1.12 dorids 14.3.20 disease treatment: cloning 11.4.8 DNA database 16.3.7 dormancy, seeds 2.3.31 disease, and lysosomes 17.2.21 DNA deamination, ageing 6.4.26 dormant embryos, kangaroos disease, plants: Dutch Elm 12.2.31 DNA discovery 4.2.25 7.1.10 disease, prevention 7.3.23 DNA fingerprinting 14.2.26, Dorset squirrels 16.2.8 disease, sexually transmitted p9.1.33 dosage relative to body mass 17.1.34 DNA fingerprinting: birds of prey 15.3.21 disease: glycogen storage 13.1.22 9.1.33 double-blind trial 18.4.15 disease: leprosy 13.5.32 DNA gyrase 10.1.2 double helix 12.5.22, 11.3.15 disease: Maple Syrup Urine 12.5.15 DNA in chloroplasts 11.2.11, 4.2.25 disease: nematodes 13.5.20 3.5.13, 3.3.15, 1.2.34 Down, John Langdon 10.5.11 disease: rabies 13.2.15 DNA in mitochondria 3.3.15 down-regulation 12.2.6 disease: schistosomiasis 13.4.16 DNA in nucleus 3.3.15 Down’s syndrome 18.2.25, 11.3.29, disease: ticks 11.1.6 DNA ligase 5.1.17, 4.1.12, 11.2.11, 10.5.11, 8.5.2, 8.2.30, disease: transmission 7.2.7 1.5.25, 1.3.17, 1.3.38 7.3.11, p 4.4.24 disease-resistant genes in crops DNA microarrays p 14.4.34 Down’s syndrome karyotype 5.1.25 DNA molecule d 11.3.2 p19.4.10 diseases from bacteria 7.3.2 DNA polymerase 16.3.10, 11.4.10, Dracunculus medinensis 13.5.20 diseases of salmon 6.3.22 11.1.2, 11.1.18, 10.4.15, 4.3.23, dragon smoke, legend 1.2.2 diseases, familial 14.4.34 4.1.12 dragonfish 19.1.36 diseases, infectious 14.1.22 DNA profiling 18.3.38, 7.5.38 dragonfly nymphs p d 6.5.6, 11.5.5 diseases: inherited 10.3.12 DNA repair 14.3.33, d 4.1.12 drainage 7.2.16 diseases: obesity related 10.1.17 DNA repair genes 11.3.36 Draize eye-irritation test p 2.3.20, D-isomers d 5.4.16 DNA replication d 11.3.15 3.4.34 dispase 3.2.2 DNA sequence 14.2.26 drawing, hints 3.2.17 disposable soma theory of ageing DNA sequences: comparing 11.5.24 drift net 1.2.25 14.3.33 DNA sequencing and phylogeny drink: designing 13.1.11 disproportionating enzyme 12.1.2 14.4.31 drinking, stimulation of 2.4.21 dissolved organic matter-see DOM DNA sequencing gel p 5.2.39 droneflies 17.3.25 dissolved oxygen meter 7.2.39 DNA sequencing 11.4.10 drones 6.4.14, 2.1.33 dissolved oxygen 9.1.25 DNA structure 4.3.23 Drosera capensis p12.4.14 dissolved oxygen, Kariba weed DNA structure/function d 4.1.12 Drosera p12.3.19, p2.5.7 17.2.39 DNA studies 12.3.35 Drosophila head SEM p2.2.2 dissolved oxygen, Winkler test DNA synthesis 11.4.2, 6.5.14 Drosophila mutants p5.4.29 3.1.25 DNA testing 16.4.8 Drosophila p18.2.10, p15.3.13, distemper virus 17.3.37 DNA transfer in bacteria 19.4.30 10.5.2, 8.3.14, p5.2.15, 5.4.29 distillation 13.1.27 DNA viruses 3.2.6 drug absorption, metabolism and distinguish 1.3.15 DNA, 3-D structure 5.3.7 excretion 15.3.21 distribution maps, butterfly d 14.4.10 DNA: ancient 11.4.10, 11.1.2 drug abuse 7.4.30

18 drug design and NMR 2.4.35 ecological niches, mosses 3.1.32 Eichhornia p 5.5.8 drug design 7.5.14, 5.3.7 ecological projects 8.5.24 eicosanoids 11.2.19 drug development 1.1.12 ecological pyramids d 9.4.9 Eijkman, Christian 11.5.32 drug metabolism 18.4.15, 14.2.14 ecological succession d 12.2.31 Eindhoven, William 10.1.21 drug safety and efficacy 4.2.15 ecologist, career as 6.3.25 Eisenia 18.3.14, 2.3.8 drug screening 1.1.12 ecology 18.1.11, 11.4.18 Ektachemslide 1.5.36 drug selectivity 15.3.21 ecology of lakes 15.3.33 elastase inhibitor 2.5.24 drug synthesis 14.4.34 ecology of moorland 18.2.14 elastase 2.5.24 drug therapy, HIV 14.1.37 ecology of turf 7.4.12 elastic recoil 18.2.2 drug trialling 4.2.15 ecology, boar 17.4.9 elasticity of lung 16.1.36 drugs and sport 1.5.2 ecology, plant 17.3.33 elastin in lung 5.4.10 drugs and toxins, effect on maggot ecology, urban 15.3.8 elastin 2.5.24 development 15.4.15 ecology: behavioural 10.5.2 electocommunication 11.2.23 drugs from milk 15.2.39 ecology: exam questions 12.1.6 electric eel p 11.2.23 drugs, study 15.3.21 ecology: newt populations 11.5.5 electric fish 11.2.23 dry deposition, acid rain 1.1.15 ecology: restoration 10.5.18 electric organ discharges 11.2.23 dry rot p 4.4.6 economics of care 17.2.13 electrical activity, nervous system dry vagina 14.1.2 ecosystem degradation 2.3.11 1.3.2 Dryas drummondii p 14.2.2 ecosystem engineer 18.3.14 electrical excitability of nerve dual chamber pacemakers p 8.1.2 ecosystem services 18.3.14 membrane 7.3.38 Duchenne muscular dystrophy ecosystem, and insecticides 2.1.35 electrical pathways in hearts 19.3.21 19.4.25, 8.3.2, 6.1.22 ecosystem modelling 16.1.10 electrical synapse d 8.4.26 ducks, physiology 6.1.6 ecosystem, pond 6.5.6 electricity generating stations 2.1.10 duckweeds p 5.5.8 ecosystem, simple, Antarctic 3.1.7 electrocardiogram (ECG) d18.1.21, duct cells: pancreas 13.5.2 ecosystems 12.1.6, 5.2.30, 11.4.18, 10.1.25, 10.1.21, 8.1.2, d 6.1.6 Duffy antigen 9.5.10 9.4.9, 8.2.38 electroencephalogram 3.3.11 Dunaliella p 4.3.29 ecosystems, terrestrial, electrolocation d 11.2.23 dung beetles p14.4.31, p11.2.5 Antarctic 3.1.7 electrolyte 13.1.11, 6.2.2 duodenum 3.4.37 ecotoxicology 5.3.35, 2.1.35 electromyography, EMG dust mite p19.2.2, 5.3.38 ecotron pd16.1.10 9.2.37, 1.3.30 Dutch Elm disease 12.2.31 ecotron 11.4.18 electron gun 13.2.32 dwarf thistle 7.5.34 ecstasy 12.1.28, 5.1.35 electron microscope p19.4.6, dwarf willow p 6.2.34 Ectocarpus p 2.5.35 18.1.16, 14.2.38, 13.2.32, 2.5.18, dwarfism 5.3.25 ectodermal tissue 8.4.36 2.1.21 dynamic cardiomyoplasty 8.3.2 ectoparasites 14.3.2, 7.2.7 electron transport 10.3.22, 10.1.25, dynamic instability, microtubules ectopic pregnancy 17.1.34 6.4.16, 5.3.35 2.5.18 ectotherm 17.2.2 electron-donating enzymes 13.2.19 dynein in cilia 2.5.18 ectothermic animals 9.1.2 electrons, in food irradiation 1.4.25 dynein 6.3.2 ectrodactyly 10.2.33 electrophoresis 17.1.6, dysembryogenesis 10.5.11 edaphic factors 7.2.16 7.1.35, 5.2.39, 1.2.10 dysentery, amoebic 2.2.6 Eddystone lighthouse 17.4.21 electrophoresis, gel 6.2.7 dyskaryosis 11.4.38 Eden project p 15.3.2, p 14.2.42 electrophoretic assay p 14.1.19 dystrophin 8.3.2 edge-detecting nerve cells 6.5.26 elementary bodies, Chlamydia E. coli - see Escherischia coli ediacaran fossils 4.4.31 17.1.34 earbone, structure 2.1.25 edible snails p 3.2.30 elements 12.2.16 early development, salmon 6.3.22 edible veterinary vaccine 17.2.24 elephant faeces p 19.1.29 early life forms 4.4.31 editing, science, career in 5.4.14 Elephant man 16.3.10 early successional habitats 14.4.10 EDS (Ehlers-Danlos syndrome), elephant nose fish p 11.2.23 ears 3.1.16 collagen p 6.4.35 elephant seal p 16.1.19, 6.1.6 earthworm: life cycle 8.5.12 EDTA 4.3.12 elephantiasis 13.1.2, 13.5.20, earthworms 18.3.14, 8.5.12, 8.4.11, EEG p 3.3.11 7.2.7, p 4.3.2 2.3.8 effective revision 11.5.30 elephants p 12.3.39 earthworms project 7.4.12 effector mechanisms 12.5.2 ELISA 17.1.34, 14.1.15, 13.5.28, earthworms: agricultural importance efferent signals 12.5.2 12.3.2, d 11.2.30 d 9.2.7 8.5.12 egg 17.1.2 elk 13.5.24, p 12.4.18 earthworms: mating p d 8.5.12 egg incubation by crocodilians 1.2.2 elm bark beetles 12.2.31 eating disorders 9.5.25 egg d p 2.1.2 elongation 12.4.14, 9.4.24, Ebola fever 9.4.17 egg-laying, hens 5.5.11 8.4.6, 4.5.2 ecdysis 13.4.29 egg-laying, snails 6.3.39, p 3.2.30 elution 16.4.32 ecdysone 13.4.29 eggs of alligator p 7.1.7 Elysia 14.3.20 ECG – see electrocardiogram eggs on female crayfish p 6.5.12 EM - see electron microscope ECG complex d 10.1.21 eggs: chicken 13.4.9 embolism 6.5.30 echidna p 19.2.14 eggshell physiology, crocodilians embolisms in wood 18.1.33 echinoderms 2.4.32 1.2.2 embryos 18.3.6, 17.1.2 echolocation 11.5.24 eggshell thinning, raptors, by embryo development: birds 1.5.36 eclipse phase of virus-infected insecticides 2.1.35 embryo implantation d 3.2.13,6.4.2 cells 3.2.6 Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, collagen embryo rights 12.5.6 ecological niche 6.4.35 embryo testing 12.5.6 18.1.7, 14.4.10, 12.4.31 Ehrlich, Paul 1.1.12 embryo transfer 6.4.2, 2.1.2, 1.4.9

19 embryo transplant in ewe p 6.4.2 endothelium 13.1.32 environmental factors 13.1.30 embryo, early stages 2.1.2 endothelium, damaged: electron environmental impact 1.4.35 embryo, human 7-8 week p 5.4.7 micrograph p 13.1.32 environmental impacts of salmon embryo, mammalian 4.3.18 endotherm 17.2.2, 5.5.26 farms 6.3.22 embryology 4.3.18 endothermic animals 9.1.2 environmental legislation 6.3.25 embryonic development d 10.2.33 endotoxin 7.2.23 environmental oestrogens 14.1.15 embryonic development, role of energetics 5.5.26 environmental pollutants: detecting vitamin A 5.4.2 energy 8.3.28, 13.5.28 embryonic stem cells d16.2.21, 5.5.26, 3.3.40, 1.3.30 environmental problems, 11.4.24 energy and biosynthesis 1.2.6 antifouling paints 2.5.35 emergent trees 17.2.34 energy capture, storage 3.1.21 environmental project 16.1.31 EMG- see electromyography energy efficiency 18.2.2 environmental quality standard emigration 4.1.2 energy expenditure 6.2.2 2.5.35, 2.1.10 emperor penguins p 9.1.2 energy flow 17.1.38, 5.2.25 environmental regeneration, Empetrum hermaphroditum 11.4.18 energy flow in ecosystems d 6.5.6 career in 4.3.16 emphysema and smoking d2.5.24 energy flow through food chains environmental scanning electron emphysema p16.1.36, 10.1.14, d 9.4.9 microscope 13.3.6, d 5.4.23 8.4.16, 7.1.35, 5.4.10 energy for different gaits 15.2.21 environmental sensitivity of emphysema, protease inhibitor in energy from glucose 19.2.14 mosses 3.1.32 2.5.24 energy in ecosystems, Eden project environmental stress, crops 16.1.21 enamel p17.2.30, p 14.1.27 d15.3.2 environmentally sensitive areas, enamel, mottling by fluoride 3.3.26 energy in reactions 6.2.26 ESAs d 4.4.12 Encarsia p 6.4.7 energy intake, different sports enzyme biotechnology 10.5.29 Encephalartos p 1.4.2 6.2.2 enzyme coagulation cheese 15.4.36 encephalitis 14.3.2, 7.5.10 energy intake, rate, bees 7.2.31 enzyme complement 1.2.19 Encephalitozoon p 14.4.21 energy metabolism 11.2.36 enzyme defect 12.5.15 enchanted ring structure 2.3.26 energy saving 18.2.2 enzyme deficiency: inherited 13.1.22 encoding 3.3.33 energy supply to muscle 6.4.11 enzyme inhibitor (Hirudin) 1.3.17 endangered species (leech) 1.3.17 energy transfer and ATP d 14.2.11 enzyme inhibitor, fluoride 3.3.26 endangered species, alligator 7.1.7 English Nature 18.1.11, 6.4.33 enzyme production: fungi 9.5.7 endangered turtles 8.1.6 enkephalins 5.1.35 enzyme purification d 5.5.6 endemic 15.1.29 enrichment control 8.5.17 enzyme rate vs temperature 17.2.2 endemic or feral 4.4.28 enrichment, behavioural, of captive enzyme replacement therapy, ERT endemic species 8.5.7 animals 4.2.7 15.2.36 endocellulases d14.4.14 Entamoeba 14.1.22 enzyme specificity 5.5.34, 1.5.16 endocrine control of gamete Entamoeba dysenterica 2.2.6 enzyme substrate complex 15.1.2 production d 13.2.6 enteric nervous system 11.4.30, enzyme technology 12.5.26, 5.1.22 endocrine disruption 18.4.42 d 3.4.37 enzyme-linked immunosorbent endocrine organ 12.4.4 enteric salmonellosis 10.4.6 assays (ELISA) d17.3.37, endocrine 5.3.25 Enterobacter p 6.4.30 13.5.28, 12.3.2, 11.2.30, 9.2.7 endocytosis 17.3.14, d 6.4.16 Enterobius 4.3.2 enzymes 19.1.2, 17.3.14, 17.2.21, endodermal tissue 8.4.36 Enterocytozoon bieneusi 13.3.14 16.4.32, 15.4.32, 15.2.36, 5.1.2, endodontics 7.4.26 enterokinase 9.3.24 13.2.19, 12.1.31, 11.5.39, 6.2.26, endogenous component of Enteromorpha alga p 13.5.7 5.5.34, 5.4.10, 5.4.40, 1.5.2, rhythms 1.2.15 Enteromorpha p 2.5.35 1.5.16 endogenous respiration 13.4.25 enteropeptidase 9.3.24 enzymes from fungi 13.3.19 endogenous viruses 1.3.38 enthalpy 5.5.26 enzymes in lysosomes 3.2.21 endogenous 10.1.39 entomologist 15.4.15 enzymes, in industry 5.5.34 endolithic plants and fungi p 3.1.7 entomology 12.2.31, 6.1.38 enzymes: animal feeds 13.3.19 endometrium and menstrual cycle entomopathogenic nematodes enzymes: catalytic converters p 3.2.13 d 7.3.7 10.5.29 endometrium 6.4.2 entomophagous nematodes 7.3.7 enzymes: detergents 13.3.19 endomitosis in megakaryocyte entomophilic nematodes 7.3.7 enzymes: digestive 13.4.29 3.3.15 entrainment 7.4.2 enzymes: industrial applications endonucleases 10.4.2 entropy 5.5.26 10.5.29 endopeptidases 5.4.10 entry of bacteria into body 7.3.2 enzymes: nomenclature 13.3.19 endoplasmic reticulum (ER) enucleation 2.5.5 enzymes: pancreatic 13.5.2 p18.1.16, p 18.1.16, p 16.4.42, envelope, chloroplast 1.2.34 eosinophil p19.4.34, 13.4.16, p13.4.42, 13.1.14, 6.4.16, Environment Agency ecologist 4.5.37 pd4.2.21, 2.3.15, 1.4.18 12.4.23 EPA (US) 3.3.2 endopterygote 10.4.18 Environment Agency epanutin 8.5.15 endorphins 5.1.35 13.5.28, 12.3.8 ephedrine 1.5.2 endoscopes d 9.4.6 environment 12.1.6 epicuticular wax, plants p 4.2.27 endoscopy 9.4.6 environment, lead in 2.1.30 epidemic 17.3.37, 15.3.24 endosomes 17.3.14 environmental causes of cancer epidemiological studies 12.1.18 endosperm 6.3.11, 2.3.31 4.1.22 epidemiological studies, endothelial cells p15.2.17, p13.4.36, environmental consultant 6.3.25 confounding variables 2.1.30 9.2.23, 7.2.2 environmental enrichment, zoos epidemiology 9.5.25, 4.1.22 endothelial cells, artery 5.1.10 4.2.7

20 epidermal growth factor and estuary ecology 3.5.10 evaluate 12.2.39 cancer 4.1.22 ETFE ethyltetrafluoroethane film evaporation from leaf d 7.3.13 epidermal growth factor 7.1.18 Eden project 15.3.2 evening primrose oil 11.2.19 epidermis d 17.3.2, 12.2.8, 3.2.2 ethanal metabolism 7.4.16 evening primrose p 11.2.19 epidermis, leaf 4.1.8 ethanal 5.2.18 evergreens 19.3.38 epidermis, plant p 4.2.27 ethanal, in alcohol metabolism Evo-Devo 19.1.42 epigenetic modifications 4.3.18 7.4.16 evoked potentials, EEG 3.3.11 epigyne, spider d 3.3.9 ethanol metabolism 7.4.16, 5.2.18 evolution 17.4.2, 17.3.25 epilepsy EEG p 3.3.11 ethanol production 13.1.27 evolution of behaviour 17.2.13 EpiPen p 19.2.11 ethanol 13.1.27, 11.5.2 evolution of cilia 6.3.2 , snails 3.2.30 ethanol: in environment 13.1.27 evolution of crop plants 7.3.32 epiphyses 12.3.25 ethanol: transportation fuel 13.1.27 evolution of endothermy 17.2.2 epiphyseal growth plates 19.3.2 ethene (ethylene) in plants 3.3.22, evolution of infectious diseases epiphyte 17.2.34 2.3.23, 1.4.6, 2.2.27 12.2.2 epiphytic orchid p 2.1.7 ethical issues in biology 16.1.40 evolution of nerves 4.3.26 epistatic gene effect 5.4.35 ethics and economics of badger cull evolution of parental care 17.2.13 epithelial cell differentiation 5.4.2 15.4.25 evolution tree, puzzle 4.2.20 epithelial cells 13.4.36 Ethics Committees of International evolution 12.4.31, 12.3.35, epitopes 18.4.38 Transplant Society 12.2.36 11.5.24, 11.3.18, 10.5.31, 1.2.30 EPO, see erythropoietin ethics of conserving biodiversity evolution: extreme 9.2.2 EPR 14.2.31 16.2.38 evolution: human 8.4.30 equilibration 18.2.21 ethics of DNA profiling 16.3.7 evolution: insects 13.4.29 equine biology, careers, 15.2.21 ethics of pharmacokinetics 14.4.34 evolution: isolation 8.5.7 ER - see endoplasmic reticulum ethics 13.3.26 evolution: molecular 10.2.10 ER, Oestrogen receptor 14.1.15 ethics, human embryo research evolution: nematodes 13.5.20 eradication blue green algae 15.3.33 2.1.2 evolution: protein 10.2.10 Erinaceus europaeus 4.2.31 ethics: animal experimentation evolutionary adaptation of Eriocheir sinensis pd15.2.6 2.3.20 menopause 14.1.2 error bars 13.5.36 ethics: biotechnology in the dairy exam answers must be ERT, enzyme replacement therapy 11.1.24 comprehensible 17.4.34 15.2.36 ethics: deer contraception 11.5.21 exam detailed answer 15.4.18 erucic acid 9.1.17 ethics: embryo testing 12.5.6 exam essays -answering the Erwinia p 6.4.30 ethics: euthanasia 12.1.39 question 7.1.40 erythema 11.1.6 ethics: gene therapy 7.4.34, 6.1.22 exam grades 19.4.38, 14.4.7 erythrocytes 11.2.2, 9.4.2 ethics: genetic screening 4.4.18 exam howlers 1.3.15 erythromycin 4.5.2 ethics: genetic testing 16.4.8 exam questions about unfamiliar erythromycin, NMR 2.4.35 ethics: genetics of behaviour 17.1.21 areas 17.4.34 erythropoietin, EPO 17.1.10, 15.2.2, ethics: GM plants 17.2.24 exam questions 4.4.40 11.2.2, 8.4.19, 5.2.38, 1.5.25 ethics: human cloning 11.3.7 exam questions, range of 17.1.30 ESAs, environmentally sensitive ethics: post-menopausal fertility exam revision 16.1.19 areas d 4.4.12 11.2.15 exam script, return to candidate escape reaction, salmon 6.3.22 ethics: poultry farming 11.4.14 15.4.18 escaped salmon, threats 13.3.29 ethics: prenatal diagnosis 11.3.29 exam technique 19.4.38, 18.1.26, escapes of farmed salmon 6.3.22 ethics: xenotransplants 12.2.36 17.4.34, 17.1.30, 16.3.27, 16.1.19, Escherichia coli 0157 10.3.9 ethinyl oestradiol 8.1.12 15.3.8, 15.1.6, 14.4.7, 11.5.14, Escherichia coli p 18.1.2, p 15.3.13 Ethiopian wolf 16.3.14 1.3.15 13.5.28, 13.5.32, 12.5.22, 12.1.2, euchromatin 3.3.15 exam technique, percentages 11.4.6, 11.3.15, 10.3.9, 9.1.10, eugenics 17.1.21, 16.4.8 17.2.28 8.1.31, 7.3.2, 7.2.28, p 5.3.35, Euglena p 5.2.30 exam technique: scaling and 1.2.6, p 1.2.12, 3.4.19, 1.2.6, eukaryotes, gene expression in magnification 17.3.10 p1.2.12, 1.1.27 d 6.5.2 exam technique; arithmetic 16.4.38 ESEM see environmental scanning eukaryotes, microtubules in 2.5.18 exam timing 15.4.18 electron microscope eukaryotic cells d 12.5.22, d 9.5.31 exam understanding question essay questions 1.3.15 Euplotes aediculatus p 13.4.25 15.4.18 essay writing 7.1.40 Euproctis chrysorrhoea 11.4.28 exam, doing what is asked for essential amino acids in symbioses European Forest Institute 13.2.10 15.4.18 7.4.8 European otters p 8.2.12 exam, reading accurately 15.4.18 essential aminoacids 9.4.38, 3.5.34 European Species and exam: find ‘command’ words 17.4.34 essential elements, plant 4.3.12 Habitats Directive 6.4.33 exam; think before you write 17.4.34 essential fatty acids 11.2.19 European swift 10.5.23 exams - time management 7.1.40 essential hypertension eusocial insect 16.4. 23, 2.1.33 exams, multiplying/dividing in 12.5.35, 12.5.9 eusocial 9.2.15 6.4.38 essential nutrients in symbioses euthanasia 12.1.39 exams: difficult questions 17.1.30 7.4.8 eutrophic lakes 15.3.33, 8.5.32 excision enzymes 4.1.12 estimating mean and standard eutrophic 1.4.35 excision repair of DNA 6.4.26 deviation 13.3.40 eutrophication 9.1.25, 8.5.17, 4.1.12 estimation of population size 14.3.11 4.3.35, 3.1.25 excitatory amino acids (EAAs) estimations 10.4.23 eutrophication, by salmon farms 9.1.36 estuarine circulation d 2.1.10 6.3.22 excitatory synapse 5.1.35

21 excretion 17.4.6, 12.5.18 eye: human d 8.3.14 fat transport in blood 6.2.40 exercise physiology 17.1.10 eye: insect d 8.3.14 fat, brown 1.4.11 exercise 1.3.30 eye mutants, Drosophila p 19.4.21 fat, distribution in body 3.1.36 exercise, lack of, effects 2.3.35 eye, formation 19.4.21 fat, subcutaneous 3.2.2 exhaustion stage, in stress 5.2.27 eyepiece 19.3.34, 13.1.36 fatal familial insomnia (FFI) 10.5.38 exocellulases d 14.4.14 F plasmid transfer: bacteria d 9.1.10 fats 15.3.37, 15.3.30, 12.2.16, exocrine secretions 9.3.24 F1 generation 2.5.2 9.1.17 exocytosis 17.3.14, d 6.4.16, 3.2.21, F1 hybrids 1.5.29 fats as fuel 6.2.2 p1.4.18 F2 generation 2.5.2 fats, breakdown 1.1.30 exogenous hormones 11.5.21 Fabry disease 15.2.36 fats, cheese 15.4.36 exon splicing 5.4.40 facial reconstruction 10.5.16 fats, RQ of 6.5.24 exons 12.5.22, 11.3.2, 11.2.19, facilitated diffusion d 14.1.7, fats: chemical structure 9.1.17 10.2.10, 9.4.2, 2.3.15 7.1.28, 6.4.16 fatty acid breakdown, exopeptidases 5.4.10 facilitation in succession 14.2.2 2-C fragments d 1.4.23 exopterygotes 10.4.18 factor IX 7.3.25 fatty acid metabolism 15.3.37 exoskeleton 13.4.29 factor VIII 3.4.15 fatty acid notation 11.2.19 exothermic 5.5.26 factor VIII, gene engineering 2.5.5 fatty acid oxidation 1.1.30 experimental design checklist factor XII, X, XIIIa in clotting 5.1.10 fatty acid synthesis 14.3.11 factor XII, XI, IX, VII, X, VIIIa 7.2.2 d11.2.19, 1.5.16 experiments 14.3.11 factors in clotting 2.4.12 fatty acids 13.2.2, 12.2.16, 3.4.37 experiments on animals, ethics facultative anaerobic bacteria 1.2.12 fatty acids, plants 6.5.16 2.3.20 facultative bacteria 14.4.14 fatty esters 12.5.26 experiments, planning 2.5.14 FAD 13.2.19, 1.2.6, 1.1.30 fatty food, effects of 2.3.35 expiration 7.5.22 FADH 1.2.6 Fe, plant nutrient 4.3.12 explain 17.4.34, 13.5.10, 12.2.39, FADH2 coenzymes 6.2.2 feather colour 17.4.24 11.5.14, 1.3.15 FADH2 1.1.30 feather moss carpet 19.1.16 explaining, cf describing in exam faecal coliforms 1.4.35 feathers of Archaeopteryx 2.5.11 answers 4.4.40 faeces p 19.1.29 feed, animal 3.2.11 explants 5.3.31 fair test 18.2.21 feedback continuous selection, exploitation- illegal trade in tigers Fallopia japonica 8.3.31 of yeast mutants 2.2.30 16.3.36 Fallopian tube p18.4.2,16.1.2, 6.4.2, feedback, hearing 3.1.16 exploitation,fish 2.2.15 3.2.13, dp2.1.2 feedback, negative 17.2.2, 4.5.12 exponential curve 13.4.13 Fallopian tube infertility 17.1.34 Felidae 14.2.7 exponential increase 13.4.13 fallow deer p 11.5.21 fellowship in surgery 11.4.26 exponentials 4.1.26 false-colour TEMS 14.2.11, 14.1.22 female choice 11.1.30 exponents 13.4.13 false negative /positive 19.4.10 female infertility 16.1.2 expression 12.5.22 familial diseases 14.4.34 feral pigeon p 15.3.8 expulsion 12.2.2 familial hypercholesterolaemia fermentation in gut 5.1.2 exspiratory centre 14.4.2 d p 18.1.38, 14.2.14, 13.2.2 fermentation in hindgut 14.1.27 extension growth 3.3.22 family tree of cystic fibrosis d 4.4.18 fermentation in rumen 14.4.14 extensions 16.3.10, 13.1.19 Fanconi's anaemia 11.3.36 fermentation products 8.3.25 external environment 12.5.28 Fannia, housefly 6.1.38 fermentation unit p 7.2.28 external fertilisation 11.3.25 FAO 2.3.11 fermentation 18.2.6, 13.1.27, extinction spiral 16.3.14 far red light 17.3.33 11.3.10, 5.3.10, 3.5.34, 3.1.40, extinctions, early 4.4.31 farm business consultant 6.2.18 2.2.30 extracellular adhesive glycoprotein farmed salmon:genetic threat 9.5.22 fermentation, in food processing 13.4.36 farming and soil 7.2.16 1.4.25 extracellular enzymes, bacteria farming and wildlife 4.4.12 fermentation,experiment of Pasteur 5.2.12 farming crocodilians 1.2.2 1.3.26 extracellular fliud 1.3.7 farming edible snails 6.3.39 fermenter, air-lift d 2.2.12 extracellular gas space 6.5.30 farming practices, changes in, fermenter: stirred batch d 12.1.36 extracellular virulence factors and barn owls 2.4.6 fermenters for entomopathogenic 13.2.28 farming practise and bird decline nematodes p 7.3.7 extravasation 6.1.36 16.4.17 fermenters: fungi p 8.5.35 extreme environments, caves farming 19.2.21, 19.2.34, 1.4.9 fern life cycle p 10.2.2 17.1.38 farming, food production, career in ferns, pteridophytes 3.1.32 extremophiles 9.2.2 6.2.18 ferric reductase/ oxidase 2 (FRO2) exudative 8.2.30 farming, organic 4.1.28 13.2.19 Exxon Valdez 6.1.28 fast and slow muscle 19.4.25, 1.3.30 ferritin d 16.4.32, 6.1.16 eye colour 15.2.9 fast tissue culture 10.3.2 fertilisation 19.2.34, p 16.1.2, eye contact at interviews 1.5.40 fat (see also fats) 18.4.10, 13.1.11, 13.2.6, 2.1.2 eye d 17.4.30, 17.2.9, p 16.3.18, 3.1.36 fertilisation, human p17.1.2 8.3.14, 8.2.30, p 1.5.7 fat bodies lower vertebrates 3.1.36 fertilisation: immunological eye defects 17.4.30 fat digestion 3.4.37 distribution 11.5.21 eye mutants, Drosophila p 2.2.2 fat distribution: human d 10.1.17 fertiliser 17.4.6 eye pigment, deep water shark fat droplets: electron micrograph fertility 14.1.2, 10.1.32, 7.2.10 5.2.7 p 13.1.22 fertility drug, Clomiphene 16.1.2 eye structure d 8.2.30 fat metabolism 3.5.37 fertility of soil 7.2.16 eye, cephalopod 1.3.27 fat soluble vitamins 11.5.32

22 fertility suppressing: hormones fish, deep sea 19.1.36 fluorescence 8.3.28 11.5.21 fish: electric 11.2.23 fluorescence photo of astrocytes fertilization, human 14.2.38 Fisher, R.A. 11.3.18 p19.1.32 fertilizer, N 1.4.2 Fisheries Department 12.4.23 fluorescence in situ hybridisation – fescue grasses 11.4.28 fisheries 14.1.10, 2.2.15, 1.2.25 see FISH fetal blood sampling 11.3.29 fisheries, Southern Ocean 3.1.7 fluorescence microscopy p 19.4.21, fetal cells in maternal circulation fission, in amoeba 2.2.6 d p 19.3.34, p 13.5.42, 13.1.36, 11.3.29 fitness assessment 6.1.20 8.4.2 fetal haemoglobin 16.1.15 fitness 7.2.31 fluorescence p 17.3.42, 16.4.12, fetal programming 12.4.2 fitness, Darwinian 17.4.2 14.3.6 fetus human p 15.4.28 fitness, genetic, bees 2.1.33 fluorescence photography p15.1.42, fetus 6.4.2, p 10.2.33 Fitter, Alistair p18.2.42 p 6.3.27 fever 1.4.11 fixation of tissues 19.3.34, 13.1.36, fluorescence probes 6.1.36 FH see familial 8.1.34 fluorescent antibodies 8.4.6 hypercholesterolaemia fixed effort harvesting d 2.2.15 fluorescent marker 7.2.36 fibre cells in lens 1.5.7 fixed quota harvesting d 2.2.15 fluorescent mouse p 16.4.12 fibre optic bronchoscopy 2.5.24 flagella 19.3.7, p 18.4.2, 10.3.40, fluoride accumulation in tea 3.3.26 fibrils, collagen 6.4.35 6.3.27, 6.3.2 fluoride as enzyme inhibitor 3.3.26 fibrin 17.3.2, p 7.2.2 flagella, in bacteria, control of fluoride atoms in sodium fibrin polymer 7.2.2 movement 1.1.27 trifluoroacetate in tomata, by NMR fibrinogen 13.1.32, 7.2.2, flagellar rotation, in bacteria, d 2.4.35 5.1.10, 5.1.10, d 2.4.12 control of 1.1.27 fluoride in diet 3.3.26 fibroblast cells 11.1.38 flagellates 13.4.25 fluorocarbons as blood substitutes fibroblast growth factor 7.1.18 flagship species 16.2.38 3.2.25 fibroblasts p19.3.34, 18.1.38, flamingo coloration 17.4.24 fluorosis, deformities caused by F p17.3.42, 17.3.2, 8.1.27, 3.4.34, flat-back millipede p 4.5.31 3.3.26 3.2.2 flatworms: Australian p 8.4.11 fly agaric, Amanita p 18.3.21, 1.5.2 fibroblasts, infected and treated flatworms: New Zealand p18.3.14, fly life cycle d 6.1.38 p 7.2.23 p 8.4.11 fly pupa infected with nematode fibrous proteins 10.4.32, 9.3.36 flavin adenine dinucleotide 1.2.6, p 7.3.7 Fick’s Law of diffusion 15.1.6, 1.1.30 flying fox bats p 15.3.8 13.5.10, 12.5.18, 11.1.14 Flavobacterium 11.3.22 fMRI p19.2.7, 14.3.24 field margins p 17.4.17 flavonoids 10.1.7 FoFi lollipop assemblies 4.3.38 Field Studies Council 3.1.25 flavour 17.3.7 folic acid 6.5.36, 6.5.14 field testing station 2.2.19 flavour formation in cheeses 15.4.36 follicle, ovarian 19.2.34, 7.2.10 field trials 2.2.19 Flavr Savr tomato 8.3.25, 7.4.34 follicle stimulating hormone see FSH field vole p 12.4.18 flax p 6.3.30 follicular phase 13.3.37 fieldwork sampling animals 10.4.23 flea beetle d 6.2.30 following instructions 12.2.39 fieldwork sampling: plants 10.5.6 flea p 6.2.30 food allergies 16.3.10 fieldwork 6.3.25 Fleming, Alexander 12.1.36, Food and Agriculture Organisation fig tree p 17.3.10 11.5.18, p2.3.26 2.3.11 fight or flight 18.3.21 flesh-eating plants 2.5.7 food biotechnology 8.3.25 figures 8.1.39 flies, behavioural genetics 2.2.2 food chain 6.5.6 figures, presenting data in 3.2.17 flight and fright 5.2.27 food chains, accumulation of figworts, root parasites p 3.2.35 flight: economy vs toxins in d 2.1.35 filamentous fungi 9.5.7, p 8.5.35 manoeuverability 5.1.30 food conversion ratio, crocodilian filariasis 7.2.7, 4.3.2 floc 1.4.35 1.2.2 filter feeding by cilia 6.3.2 flocculation 13.4.25 food crops global (table) 1.4.25 filter feeding 7.4.28 Florey, Howard 11.5.18, 2.3.26 food dispenser, zoo p 4.2.7 filtering, in kidney 1.3.7 Florida panther p 16.3.14 food from bacteria 3.5.34 filtering, sound analysis 3.1.16 flour extraction 6.3.11 food from fungus 2.2.12 filtration flow 13.1.2 flour milling 6.3.11 food irradiation 1.4.25 filtration 5.3.10 flow cell d 5.3.35 food irradiation, dangers of 1.4.25 fingerprints 18.3.38, p 1.1.19 flow cytometer 7.2.36 food poisoning 1.4.25 finings 5.3.10 flower assymetry d 4.3.7 food processing, high pressure: firefly p19.2.30, p16.4.12 flower opening, daily time 1.2.15 advantages 12.2.25 first breath 16.1.36 flower. structure, orchid d 2.1.7 food production 19.2.21 first class protein 12.4.29 flowering apices, stem 3.4.2 food production, career in 6.2.18 first impressions,at interview 1.5.40 flowering project 4.1.32 food storage 1.4.25 first messenger 2.2.20 flowering time of annual plants, food web, cave d 17.1.38 fish and acid rain 1.1.15 optimal 5.1.30 food web, moss turf. Antarctic fish deaths p 5.5.8, 2.4.40 flowers, artificial and pollinators d 3.1.7 fish embryo p18.2.38 7.2.31 food web: compost heap d 11.1.20 fish lice 6.3.22 fluid homeostasis, human 5.3.20 food webs d 6.5.6 fish predation 14.1.10 fluid mosaic membrane mode food, global consumption 1.4.25 fish stocks 1.2.25 d 6.4.16 foot and mouth disease 15.4.25, fish swim bladder d 9.1.2 fluid regulation 5.3.20 3.2.6 FISH p 15.4.20, 11.3.29, 11.2.11, fluid replacement 13.1.11 forage kale p 4.1.32 p 8.4.2, p 1.5.36 fluorescein angiography p 16.3.18 foraging bumblebees 7.2.31

23 foraging, in zoo animals 4.2.7 frequency of precession and NMR fungi: enzymes from 13.3.19 foraging, limpets 2.5.30 2.4.35 fungi: fermenters p 8.5.35 foraging, snails 3.2.30 frequency 10.5.6 fungi: filamentous 9.5.7 foraminiferans p 2.2.6 frequency, measuring 6.3.19 fungicides 4.5.22, 2.2.19 force analysis 9.2.37 freshwater habitats 3.1.25 fungicides, natural 2.3.23 forensic analysis: mitochondrial DNA freshwater molluscs 14.2.34 fungus, life cycle Pandora 8.3.7 freshwater projects 3.1.25 neoaphidis, 17.4.17 forensic entomology 6.1.38 freshwater shrimp, Gammarus fungus, sulphur tuft p 17.4.6 forensic science 18.3.38, 15.4.15 p 3.1.25 Funk, Stephan 13.2.15 Forensic Science Service 16.3.7, freshwater snails 14.2.34 fur seal p 17.3.10 11.4.10 freshwater snails, Biomphalaria Fusarium fungus 4.5.22, 4.1.32 forensic science: genetic profiling p16.3.21 Fusarium graminearum 9.5.7 7.5.38 friendliness, cats, genetic basis Fusarium, as human food 2.2.12 forensic scientists 11.4.10 p 6.5.26 Fusarium, life cycle, wheat d4.5.22 forensic: DNA 16.3.7 Friends of the Earth 12.3.2 fusion 17.1.2 forensics 16.3.10 frog embryo p 11.4.2 fusion proteins: secretion and forest canopy 4.5.31 frog jumping mechanics 6.2.30 processing d 9.5.7 forest decline 13.2.10 frogbit, Hydrocharis p 6.5.30 fusion, in production of hybridomas forest reduction 10.3.25 frogs p 17.2.17 6.2.20 forest regeneration 17.2.34 frond 3.4.7 FWAG, farming and wildlife advisory Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) frond: bracken 13.5.16 group 4.4.12 10.3.25 frost damage, control by GE G1, S, G2, M phases in cell cycle Forestry Commission organism 5.1.25 7.4.6 12.2.31, 10.4.30, 4.5.28 frost damage, plants 3.1.7 GABA, gamma aminobutyric acid forestry, careers in 4.5.28 frost resistant GE crops 7.4.34 5.1.35 forests 10.3.25 frostbite 8.4.19 Gagarin, Yuri 3.1.4 formation: tissue fluid 13.1.2 frozen embryos 16.1.2 gait 18.2.2 formula, for writing reports 3.2.17 frozen sperm 15.4.10 gait analysis 9.2.37, 6.5.22 formulation of biocontrol agents fructokinase 7.1.28 galactophore d 7.1.2 7.3.7 fructose 19.2.30, d 19.1.12, 7.1.13, galactosaemia 7.2.19 formulations 2.3.20 7.1.28, 5.5.34, 5.2.12, 5.1.22, galactose d19.1 12, d17.3.28, fossils 19.1.42 d5.4.16 d15.4.36, 12.4.11, 7.2.19, d9.2.30 fossil bird 2.5.11 fructosyl transferase 5.2.12 Galapagos finches p 8.5.7 fossil dawn redwood p 19.3.38 fruit bats p 19.4.38 Galapagos Islands 12.3.35, 8.5.7 fossil fuel formation 10.1.10 fruit eating birds & mammals 1.1.8 Galapagos tortoises p 4.4.28 fossil fuels 3.5.19, 3.3.2 fruit fly 18.2.10, p15.3.13 gall bladder p 14.2.14, 13.5.2, fossil invertebrates 4.4.31 fruitfly, mating 2.2.2 11.3.25 fossilisation of leaf 6.2.34 fruiting body, slime mould 17.3.21 gall stones 13.5.2 foulbrood bacterium of bees 6.4.14 fry 6.3.22 gall wasps p 12.4.31 fouling organisms m 2.5.35 FSC 10.3.25 galloping d 14.2.7 founder effect 16.2.24, 12.5.15, FSH follicle stimulating hormone Galton, Francis 1.1.19 4.5.8 19.3.2, 19.2.34, 15.4.10, d 14.1.2, gamete formation 4.4.24 fovea d 17.2.9, p 16.3.18 13.3.37, 13.2.6, 7.3.28, d 7.2.10 gametes, genes 2.5.2 fovea of birds d 17.4.24 Fucus vesiculosis p 6.5.30 gametocytes 16.3.31 fox Arctic 17.2.2 fuel alcohol, Brazil 2.2.30 gametogenesis 4.4.24 foxes: social life, behaviour 13.2.15 fuel wood 2.3.11 gametophyte 13.5.16, 3.4.7, 1.1.36 fractionation 3.4.12 Fugu p 15.3.13 gamma HCH 3.3.30 fractions, dealing with 6.4.38 fumaric acid 1.2.6 gamma radiation 1.3.12 fracture, greenstick 2.1.25 Funaria, fruit p 3.1.32 gamma rays 7.3.11 fragile X syndrome p 10.3.12 functional groups in biologically gamma rays, in irradiation of food fragile X syndrome: inheritance important molecules 10.2.15 1.4.25 d 10.3.12 fundamental niche 12.4.31 gamma-globulins 7.1.35 fragment sequence p 17.1.6 fundus photograph p 16.3.18 gamma-linolenic acid(GLA) 11.2.19 fragmentation of habitat 14.4.10 fungal attack, plants 2.3.23 Gammarus p 17.1.38 fragrant orchid p 2.1.7 fungal diseases 17.1.24 Gammarus d 6.5.6 Frankenstein foods 17.2.24 fungal diseases of crops 4.5.22 ganglia, nerve, Lymnaea p 1.3.2 Franklin, Rosalind 4.2.25 fungal foods 2.2.12 ganglia 18.3.21, 1.3.2 free energy 5.5.26 fungal gardens of termites 3.4.30 gangrene 18.2.19, 7.5.26, 7.3.2 free fatty acids d 15.4.36 fungal infections in AIDS 14.4.21 gap dynamics 14.2.2, 5.5.30 free radicals 14.3.33 13.4.9, fungal infections 11.1.27 garlic snail, O. alliarius p 3.2.30 7.4.21, 4.2.11, 1.4.25 fungal toxins 9.5.7 Garrod, A. E 10.2.33 free radicals, NO as 14.4.18 fungi in rain forests 3.4.30 gas chromatography 3.4.12 free radicals and ozone 2.2.27 fungi in rumen p 14.4.14 gas exchange 14.4.2, 14.2.11, free radicals, damage 6.4.26 fungi symbionts of bryophytes 3.1.32 3.5.10, 3.5.29 freeze tolerance, invertebrates fungi 7.3.35, 3.4.30 gas exchange surfaces 13.5.10 3.1.7 fungi, antibiotics from 1.2.19 gas exchange, lungs 16.1.36 freeze-drying 13.3.6, 2.3.26 fungi, benefits and costs to man gas gangrene 7.5.26 freeze-fracturing 13.2.32 17.1.24 gas laws 11.1.14 freeze-tolerance 17.2.2 fungi: enzyme production 9.5.7 gas spaces in plants 6.5.30

24 gas vesicles 6.5.30 general circulation models 9.5.18 genetic screening 12.4.36 gasohol 13.1.27 general practitioners 13.1.39 genetic strains of salmon 6.3.22 gastric mucosa 5.4.10 generalists 17.2.34 genetic testing for disease 16.4.8 gastric releasing peptide 4.1.22 generalization, property of brain genetic testing p 19.4.10, 12.5.6 gastric sorting 3.4.37 5.1.35 genetic threat:farmed salmon gastrin 3.4.37 generator potential 12.3.33 9.5.22 gastroenteritis 15.1.26 genes make proteins; period gene genetic transformation 7.5.31 gastropod 14.3.20 2.2.2 genetically engineered bacteria gastrulation 4.3.18 genes of cancer 16.1.26 10.1.2 Gaucher disease p 15.2.36 genes, ageing 6.4.26 genetically engineered cell lines Gause G F 5.5.30 genetic archaeology 16.3.10 7.4.6 Gause's hypothesis 5.5.30 genetic code 15.3.24, 8.1.14, 5.2.15, genetically engineered crops, GE animals, pharmaceuticals 2.3.15 T toxin gene d 4.4.8 7.4.34 genetic constitution of farmed genetically engineered eukaryotic GE organism 5.1.25 salmon 6.3.22 cell culture 7.3.25 gecko foot p 17.4.21 genetic counselling 18.2.25, 9.2.26, genetically engineered insecticides geep p 2.5.5 1.5.25, 1.1.21 4.4.8 geese, and toxic seed dressings genetic diagnosis pre- genetically engineered insulin 2.1.35 implantation,PGD 17.1.21 10.2.30, 4.4.2 gelatin(e) 6.4.35 genetic disease avoidance: cloning genetically engineered nematode gel-filtration chromatography 11.4.8 resistant crops 9.5.36 d16.4.32 genetic disorders 11.3.29 genetically engineered organisms, gels 5.3.2 genetic diversity 14.2.26, 1.1.8 release of 5.1.25 gemmae 3.1.32 genetic diversity, conservation of genetically engineered plants 6.5.16 gene 19.4.10, 18.4.34, 15.2.9, 17.1.6 genetically fortified crops 13.2.19 12.4.11, 13.2.19, 9.4.2 genetic diversity, salmon 14.3.29 genetically manipulated organisms gene activation in plant wounding genetic drift 16.2.24, 10.2.10, 11.3.22 5.1.27 9.3.21, 4.5.8 genetically modified animals 11.5.36 gene bank Eden project 15.3.2 genetic engineering of interferon genetically modified cotton p 12.3.2 gene cloning 5.1.17, 4.4.8, 1.5.25 genes p 7.2.23 genetics , honey bees 16.4. 23 gene cloning, ion channel proteins genetic engineering 10.1.2, genetics and ecology 16.3.14 7.3.38 7.4.34, 1.5.25, 6.4.30, 1.2.12 genetics of behaviour 18.2.10, 2.2.2 gene councelling 6.1.22 genetic engineering, yeast 2.2.30 genetics of behaviour, human gene deletion d 19.3.28 genetic engineering: plants 9.1.7 17.1.21 gene expression 1.2.12 genetic engineering: proteins 13.4.2 genetics of deafness 19.1.21 gene expression, control of genetic engineering: roses 8.3.11 genetics of Drosophila 18.2.10 15.2.9, 6.5.2, 4.3.18 genetic fingerprinting p 17.1.6, genetics of obesity p 15.3.30 gene flow, GM crops 17.2.24 11.4.10, 1.1.19 genetics problem solving 2.5.2 gene inactivation 11.4.24 genetic health of population 14.2.26 genetics 12.5.15 gene inactivation: production of, genetic information 12.4.36 genetics, human 18.2.25 knockout mice d 11.4.24 genetic inheritance d 9.2.26 genetics, modern 7.4.34 gene libraries 4.5.20 genetic integrity 14.2.26 genetics, pea 3.3.33 gene linkage 2.5.2, 1.1.21 genetic integrity of salmon 6.3.22 genetics, the new 5.2.15 gene linkage mapping d 18.2.38 genetic lysosomal storage diseases genetics: poultry 11.4.14 gene loci 1.1.21 15.2.36 Genistein equivalents 14.1.15 gene mapping 1.1.21 genetic manipulation 8.3.25, 6.1.22 genitourinary medicine 12.1.22 gene mutations, collagen 6.4.35 genetic manipulation of gut bacteria Genlisea 2.5.7 gene 'pills' 12.4.11 2.2.9 genome 19.4.21, 18.2.10, 15.3.13, gene pool 15.4.7 genetic manipulation of 15.2.9, 12.5.22, 2.5.5, 1.5.25 gene probes 1.1.21 phytochromes 17.3.33 genome library 1.5.25 gene product 1.1.21 genetic manipulation, plants 15.1.10 genome of slime mould 17.3.21 gene regulation 15.4.2 genetic mapping 5.5.2, p 5.2.15 genome sequencing 16.3.10 gene regulatory proteins 15.2.9 genetic markers 8.3.14 genome size 15.4.2 gene replacement 6.1.22 genetic material 9.2.26 genome, malaria 15.1.29 gene sequencing 16.3.14, 15.3.13 genetic mechanisms d 11.3.36 genomic imprinting 4.3.18 gene stitching 1.2.19 genetic message translation 11.3.2 genomic organisation 12.2.8 gene structure 12.5.22 genetic modification, plant 17.2.24 genomics 14.1.22 gene supplementation 6.1.22 genetic modification: inserting genes genotype 15.2.9 gene therapy 10.4.2, 7.4.34, d 12.3.2 genotype frequency 15.4.7 6.1.22, 2.5.5, 1.3.38 genetic modification: plants 12.3.2 genotype x environment gene therapy, diabetes 15.2.30 genetic parenthood: cloning 11.4.8 interactions in crops 7.3.32 gene therapy: effective d 10.4.2 genetic polymorphism 18.2.38, genotype 13.5.16, 6.2.7 gene tracking 1.1.21 14.2.14, p 14.1.19 2.5.2, 1.5.29 gene transfer in birds 11.5.36 genetic profiles 16.3.14 genotypic adaptations 10.5.18 gene transfer 7.3.25 genetic profiling: forensic science germ cells 7.3.28 gene transfer, beta-galactosidase 7.5.38 germ plasm collection 1.4.6 7.2.28 genetic recombination 6.1.22 German measles 19.3.27 gene transfer: industrial application genetic resources 7.3.32 German shepherd p 7.5.2 12.1.42 genetic screening, ethics 4.4.18 germination of seeds 2.3.31

25 germination project 4.1.32 gluconeogenesis 19.2.14, 18.2.6, glycosidic bond d 19.1.10, d 17.3.28, germline cells 11.2.28 14.2.14, 9.4.38, 5.2.18, 2.1.16, d 15.2.24, d 15.2.28, 13.1.22, germ-line gene therapy 6.1.22 1.1.30 7.2.19, 7.1.13, 5.4.16 germ tubes of Candida p 7.3.35 glucophore 9.5.39 glycosylation 15.2.24, 9.2.30, 4.2.15 Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker glucose biosensor d 15.4.32 GM crops 16.1.21, 15.1.10 syndrome (GSS) 10.5.38 glucose catabolism 10.3.22 GM crops, concerns 15.1.10 gestation period 18.4.18, 9.1.14 glucose 19.3.18, 19.2.14, 19.2.30, GM plants 17.2.24, 4.4.8 gestation 6.4.2 d19.1 12, d19.1.10, d17.3.28, GMP 14.4.18 geysers and bacteria 6.2.38 d16.2.15, d15.4.28, d15.2.28, GnRH – see gonadotropin releasing GFP d 16.4.32 13.1.11, 12.4.11, 12.1.2, 8.1.20, hormone giant African snail,Achatina p 3.2.30 6.2.2, 7.2.19, 7.1.13, 7.1.28, goat farming 1.4.9 giant cells in viral infection 17.3.37 5.2.12, 5.1.22, 2.2.30, 2.1.16 goblet cells 18.4.2, p 7.1.23, 5.3.2 giant earthworm 2.3.8 glucose from starch 1.5.16 14.4.27, p 6.2.14 giant flower, Rafflesia p 3.2.35 glucose isomerase 5.5.34, 5.1.22 goitrogens 11.3.25 Giant hogweed 6.1.25 glucose metabolism 3.5.37 Golden eagle 9.1.33 giant kelp 3.4.7 glucose meter 3.5.37 golden lion tamarin giant panda p 19.2.26, p 17.1.6 glucose polymer drink 6.2.2 p 10.3.25, p 6.1.2, 1.1.8 giant squid d 1.3.27 glucose polymers d 5.4.16 golden retriever p 11.5.24 giant tortoise p 10.3.18 glucose transport 6.2.26 Golgi apparatus p 18.1.16, 13.4.2, giant water lily p Eden project 15.3.2 glucose turnover 2.1.16 6.4.16, p d 4.2.21 gibberellins 3.3.22, 2.3.23, 1.4.6 glucose-6-phosphate d 19.2.14, Golgi complex d 9.3.24, p 1.4.18 gibbons p 1.1.8 18.2.6, d 15.4.28 Golgi, Camillo 5.1.35 giberellic acid 2.3.23 glucosinolates: structure d 12.1.18 gonadotrophin 15.4.10, d14.1.2, gigantism p 5.3.25 glucosyl transferase 5.2.12 13.2.6, 5.3.25 gill structure, cod p 9.1.2 glucuronic acid 10.3.15 gonadotrophin releasing hormone gill ventilation d 9.1.2 glue ear 19.3.27 19.3.2, 15.4.10, 13.2.6, 7.2.10 gills 14.3.20, 7.4.28, 3.5.29, 3.1.25 GLUT glucose transporters 7.1.28 good mother theory 14.1.2 gills, fish, damage by Al 3.4.27 glutamate 9.1.36 goose pimples 3.2.2 ginger toms 5.4.35 glutamic acid 9.4.38 goshawk 9.1.33 gingers 4.3.7 glutamine d 17.4.6, 13.1.11, 9.4.38 gout dp18.4.7, 17.3.14, 9.1.22 Ginkgo biloba 12.2.13 glutamine: ammonia carrier d 9.4.38 gp120, in HIV envelope 3.4.15 Ginkgolide B 12.2.13 glutamine: cancer d 9.4.38 G-protein 19.3.28, 2.2.20 giraffe p16.4.38, p14.4.14 glutathione 14.2.14, 10.3.15, 1.5.7 graceful degradation, property of GISH 8.4.2 glutathione peroxidase (GPX) brain 5.1.35 GLA gene insertion d 11.2.19 10.5.11, 10.3.18, 7.4.21 grain aphids on wheat 16.4.28 glacial moraine d 14.2.2 glycation 4.2.15 grain trading, career in 6.2.18 glacial retreat 8.5.17 glyceraldehyde d 5.4.16 gram negative bacteria 15.1.26, Glacier Bay, Alaska pd14.2.2 glycerol 6.5.16 11.5.18, 11.3.22, 10.4.6 glaciers, CO2 trapped in 3.3.2 glycine 12.3.23, 5.1.35 gram positive bacteria glandular secretion 8.2.7 glycocalyx 17.3.28 12.2.28, 11.5.18 glasshouse crops 4.3.12 glycogen 19.2.14, d19.1 12, 17.1.10, grana 3.5.13 glaucoma 17.4.30, 8.3.14, 8.2.30 16.2.15, 12.5.18, 12.2.22, 6.2.2, grand post-synaptic potential glaucoma diabetes 15.2.30 7.1.28, 6.4.11, p 5.4.16, 3.5.37, 13.3.10 Glaucus 14.3.20 3.2.13, p 3.1.22, 2.1.16 granulation tissue 17.3.2 glial cell 19.1.32 glycogen in muscle 1.3.30 granulocytes 7.3.11, 4.5.37 global circulation models 10.2.18 glycogen loading, athletes 1.3.30 granuloma p 16.3.21, 14.1.30 global warming 10.3.25, 9.5.18, glycogen phosphorylase 17.4.13, granum 16.4.2 2.2.27 2.1.16 grape vines p 10.2.23 globin 16.1.15, 9.4.2, d 6.3.14, Glycogen Storage Diseases (GSDs) graphs, drawing correctly 19.3.10, 2.1.30 p 17.2.30, 13.1.22 18.2.21, 4.4.40 globin gene structure 9.4.2 glycogen store, hibernating snails graphs, explaining 4.4.40 globinopathies 9.4.2 3.2.30 graphs, interpreting 4.4.40 globular proteins 10.4.32, 9.3.36 glycogen supercompensation graphs, presenting data in 3.2.17 globulins 7.1.35 12.2.22 graphs, understanding 4.4.40 glomerular basement membrane glycogen synthetase 2.1.16 grass (turf) 7.4.12 13.4.36 glycolipid 13.5.32, 6.4.16 grass snakes p 12.3.8 glomerular filtrate 12.5.18 glycolipids 15.1.26 Graunt, John 11.2.32 glomerulus 16.2.2, d 13.4.36, glycolysis d 19.2.14, 17.1.10, gravitropism 12.4.14 13.1.2, 9.2.18, p 9.1.2, 2.4.21, 15.4.28, 13.1.27, d 11.2.2, gravity, zero, effects 3.1.4 1.3.7 d8.1.20, 7.1.28, 6.2.2, 5.2.18, grazers 3.1.25 Glossina p 7.2.7 5.2.25, 3.3.40, 1.2.6, 1.1.30 grazing food chain 6.5.6 Glowworm p15.3.37 glycolysis, in yeast 2.2.30, 5.3.10 great bustard: male p 11.1.30 Glucagons 19.2.14, 15.4.28, glycolytic pathway 15.3.37 green cones 19.3.28 13.1.22, 12.5.18, 2.1.16, 1.3.30 glycoprotein 17.1.2, d15.2.24, great crested newt p 11.5.5 glucagons signalling d 17.4.13 9.3.24, d 9.2.30, 8.3.38, 6.4.16, green lizard p 19.4.42 glucoamylase 13.3.19, 5.1.22 1.4.18 Green Muscle 19.2.21 glucoamylase: action d 9.5.7 glycoprotein adhesive 2.5.35 great mormon butterfly: male & glucocorticoids 17.1.18 glycoprotein gp120 in HIV 3.4.15 female p 11.3.18 glycoproteins, mucus 5.3.2

26 greater horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus, guard cells 7.3.13, 5.2.2, 1.4.6 hair cells 19.3.27 11.2.5, p 3.3.30 guard hairs 17.4.37 hair cells, ear, damage p 3.1.16 Green mamba p 8.2.7 guillemots p 3.3.7 hair conditioners 1.1.24 green manure 1.4.2 Gulf War, oil pollution 6.1.28 hair follicle p 10.3.37, 3.2.2 Green revolution 17.2.24, 4.4.8, Gullain-Barré syndrome pd15.1.26, hair follicle d17.4.37 1.4.2 7.5.22 hair growth cycle d17.4.37, green turtle p 8.1.6 Gunnera p 1.4.2 d10.3.37, 3.2.2 greenbottle, Lucilia, larvae p6.1.38 Günther, Albert 9.1.14 hair growth 10.3.37 greenfly 3.3.35 guppies, male: cultivated p 9.1.14 hair growth, and seasons 17.4.37 greenhouse cultivation 15.2.12 guppies: malaria control 9.1.14 hair, human, SEM 17.4.37 greenhouse effect 15.2.12, 10.2.18, guppy farming 9.1.14 hairstreak butterflies 10.5.31 d10.1.10, 3.3.2 guppy 9.1.14 hairy-legged vampire 8.1.37 greenhouse gases 16.1.10, Guppy, Lechmere 9.1.14 Haldane, J.B.S 10.4.18 9.2.10, 2.2.27, 1.5.12 Gurdon, John 2.5.5 Hales, Stephen 9.5.14 Greenpeace 12.3.2 gut bacteria 2.2.9 half life, radionuclides 1.3.12 greenstick fracture 2.1.25 gut form 5.1.2 half-life of isotopes 4.4.21 green-top milk 15.4.25 guts 5.1.2, 3.4.37 halkieriid fossil p 4.4.31 gregarization 19.1.6 gymnosperm 19.3.38, 12.2.13 Halley, Edmund 11.2.32 grey geese, and toxic seed Gyrodactylus fluke 6.3.22 Hallucigenia p 4.4.31 dressings 2.1.35 Gyrodactylus salaris 13.3.29 hallucination 1.5.2 grey kangaroo p 7.1.10 H+ see hydrogen ion Halobacterium halobium 9.2.2 grey seal p 1.4.30 Habeler, Peter 8.4.19 9.2.2 grey squirrel p19.4.38, p10.4.30, Haber process 5.5.26, 1.4.2 halophytes 2.4.27 p6.2.11 Haber, Fritz 11.5.2 Haminea 14.3.20 grey wolf (Canis lupus) p 13.5.24 habitat action plan 16.2.38 hammock web p 3.3.9 Grime's triangle d10.5.18 habitat destruction 19.2.26 hand abnormalities, human grooming, excessive 4.2.7 habitat fragmentation 14.4.10 p 10.2.33 gross primary production 9.4.9,3.3.2 habitat loss 16.3.36 hand abnormalities: inheritance Gross, Jerome 15.1.2 habitat reclamation 14.4.10 patterns d 10.2.33 ground beetle ,aphid prey p 16.4.28 habitat 12.4.31, 12.1.6 hand development 10.2.33 ground beetle p 9.2.7, p 4.5.31 Habitats Directive 18.1.11, 6.5.12, haploid 16.4. 23, 4.4.24 ground level ozone formation 6.4.33 haploid, male bee 2.1.33 d8.4.16 haem d16.4.2, 6.1.16 hard keratins 9.3.36 Groundwork Trust, career in 4.3.16 haem formation, depressed by lead hard X-rays 14.2.38 group hunting 10.5.31 2.1.30 Hardwick, Sue 9.3.14 group selection theory 14.1.2 Haematobia 7.2.7 hardwood 6.3.30 growth 19.3.2 Haematologist 17.2.30 Hardy-Weinberg 15.4.7, 4.4.18 growth factor receptor 7.1.18 haematology, career in 1.3.36 harem, crocodilian 1.2.2 growth factors 17.3.2, 15.2.17, haemochromatosis 13.3.22, 6.1.16 harlequin frog p 19.2.42 7.1.18 haemocyanin 3.5.29, 1.3.27 harlequin ladybird p 18.1.28, 17.4.42 growth hormone 19.3.2, 12.4.26, haemocytometers 15.1.14 harlequin staining of chromosomes 8.2.15 haemofiltration 13.3.22 1.3.20 growth hormone gene, transplant, haemoglobin 16.4.2, 11.2.2, Harmonia axyridis, harlequin mice 2.5.5 d 9.4.2, d 6.3.14, 6.1.6, 3.5.29, ladybird 17.4.42 growth hormone releasing factor 3.2.25 harp seal suckling young p 7.1.2 (GHRF) 8.2.15 haemoglobin A 6.1.16 Hartig net d 3.4.30 growth hormone replacement haemoglobin genes 16.1.15 harvest index d 15.3.16 12.4.26 haemoglobin sequence d15.4.2 harvesting, fixed effort d 2.2.15 growth hormone:manufacture haemoglobin, fetal 16.1.15 harvesting, fixed quota d 2.2.15 8.2.15 haemoglobin, glycated, assay of harvestman p 4.5.31 growth hormones, plant 2.3.23 4.2.15 Harvey, William 2.3.35 growth of Brassica project 4.1.32 haemoglobin, iron in d 6.1.16 HAS, human serum albumin 6.2.40 growth overfishing 1.2.25 haemoglobin, oxygen binding haustorium 3.2.35 growth rates, snails, at different 1.4.30 hatchet fish 19.1.36 temperatures 6.3.39 haemoglobinopathies 9.4.2, 6.1.16 Hawaii 9.2.10 growth rings in starch granules haemolytic disease of the newborn hawksbill turtle p 8.1.6 p 7.1.13 9.5.10 hayfever d 19.2.2 growth, plant cells 5.2.2 haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) hCG detection 1.5.36 GTP cap hypothesis of microtubule 15.1.26, 10.3.9 hCG human chorionic gonadotrophin growth 2.5.18 haemophilia 8.2.18 15.2.2, 7.2.10 GTP 2.5.18, 2.2.20 haemophiliacs and HIV 7.4.30 HDAF 9.2.23 GTPase centre 9.4.24 Haemophilus influenzae type b HDL, high density lipoproteins guanaco 1.4.9 p10.5.26 14.2.14 guanidinobenzoates 6.1.36 haemopoietic tissue 5.5.11 headlice 4.1.37 guanine 12.5.22, 12.1.26, 10.4.15, Haemopsis, leech,swimming p1.3.2 Heaf test 8.2.2 10.1.36 haemorrhagic colitis (HC) 10.3.9 healing wounds 17.3.2 guano 8.5.27 haemosiderin 6.1.16 health and disease 7.4.21 guanosine triphosphate - see GTP haemostasis 13.1.32, 7.2.2 Health and Safety Executive (HSE) guard bees 2.1.33 haemostatic system 2.4.12 12.3.2, 5.1.25

27 health defects, detection 7.3.23 hepatitis 14.2.14, 13.3.22 high altitude pulmonary oedema health science core course 7.4.26 hepatitis B,C - transfusion 3.5.25 8.4.19 health visitor, career as 7.3.23 hepatitis B p13.3.22, 7.2.28, 4.1.22 high-amylose starch 19.3.18 health visitor 15.1.35 hepatitis B virus dp8.3.30 high blood cholesterol 5.5.20 healthcare 11.2.40 hepatitis vaccine, from yeast 2.2.30 high blood pressure 9.5.14 hearing aids 19.3.27 hepatocyte metabolism 15.3.37 high brown fritillary p14.4.10 hearing loss 19.3.27 hepatocyte, alcohol metabolism high energy phosphate bond hearing therapy, career 3.1.16, 3.1.2 7.4.16 15.4.28, 6.4.11 heart 19.3.21, d 18.2.34 hepatocytes 14.2.14, 13.3.22, high fructose syrups 5.1.22 heart attack 19.3.21, 18.2.19, d5.2.18 high performance liquid 18.1.21, 13.1.32,13.2.2, 5.2.27, hepatology 18.3.30 chromatography (HPLC) 8.5.15 2.3.35 Her Majesty's Inspectorate of high throughput screening, HTS heart attacks,coronary arteries 7.2.2 Pollution 12.4.23 14.1.22 heart block 19.3.21 herbal remedies 15.3.21 high- voltage TEM 13.2.32 heart block' complete: ECG herbicide 18.3.10, 13.5.16, 13.4.21, high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) d 10.1.21 13.3.26, 1.4.23 13.2.2, 11.2.15 heart bypass 5.1.10 herbicide effect on Synechococcus high-energy bond 6.1.12 heart disease 18.1.21, 13.2.2, d 5.3.35 Higuchi, Russel 11.1.2 7.4.21 herbicide resistance 15.1.10 hill ecosystems in Europe 1.4.9 heart failure 2.5.24 herbicide tolerance 16.1.21 Himalyan balsam p 6.1.25 heart rate d 6.1.6 herbicide/pesticide and birds 16.4.17 hindgut fermentation 14.1.27 heart rate, relative to mass p 6.1.2 herbicides, control of Kariba weed Hippocratic Oath 12.1.39 heart valves 12.5.18 17.2.39 hippos and rinderpest 16.3.27 heart d 8.1.2, 3.5.29, d 2.3.35 herbivores 6.5.6, 3.1.25 hirudin 1.3.17 heart, human d 14.4.7 herbivore ecology 18.1.11 Hirudo medicinalis 1.3.17 heart, mammalian: conduction herceptin 18.4.15 histamine 19.2.2, 17.1.18, 14.3.2, system d 10.1.25 hereditary persistence of fetal 5.1.35, 3.4.19 heart: physiology 8.1.2 haemoglobin 16.1.15 histidine 16.4.32 heartwood 18.1.33, 6.3.30 heritability 7.3.32 histocompatability antigens 4.1.22 heat production 1.4.11 hermaphrodite 14.3.20 histograms 8.1.39 heat shock proteins (HPSs) 13.3.30 hermaphrodite trout p 8.1.12 histograms, presenting data in heat stress, research 3.4.25 hermaphrodite 8.4.11, 2.3.8 19.3.10, 18.2.21, 3.2.17 heat 5.5.26 hermaphroditic worms 13.5.20 histology 8.1.34 heat, in food preservation 1.4.25 Herpes simplex virus histones 6.5.2, 3.3.15, 1.3.20 heather burning p 18.2.14 p 13.2.32, 12.1.22 history and distribution of heather cycle d 18.2.14 herpes virus p 14.4.21, 14.1.37, A blood gene 2.4.25 heat, responses to 4.5.12 7.4.30, p 3.2.6 Histrioteuthis p 1.3.27 heavy metals 19.4.2, 11.3.22 herring 1.2.25 HIV d19.4.34, 14.4.21, p14.1.37, hedgehog Herzberg reagent for identification 13.3.14, 13.2.32, 12.2.2, p10.3.33, p1.4.11, p12.4.18, p4.2.31 of fibres in paper 6.3.30 8.1.31, 7.4.30, 1.3.38 hedgerows – values 16.4.28 Heterocephalus glaber p 9.2.15 HIV antibodies 13.3.37 hedgerows p 16.4.28 heterochromatin p 3.3.15 HIV carriers 7.4.30 hedges 4.4.12 heterocysts 10.2.2 HIV from human T-cell: p 12.2.2 hedychium p 4.3.7 heterodimer, tubulin 2.5.18 HIV infection of babies from milk helicase 10.4.15 Heterorhabditis 7.3.7 14.4.21 Helicobacter pylori p15.3.24, heterotrophic microbes HIV infection 10.3.33, 1.3.38 p10.3.40 9.2.10, 6.5.6, 6.1.28, 1.4.35 HIV replication cycle Heliconia p 4.3.7 heterozygosity 14.2.31, d 14.2.26 d 10.3.33, d 3.4.15 Heliozoan p 19.3.34, p 2.2.6 heterozygote 5.4.35, 2.5.2 HIV structure d 10.3.33, d 3.4.15 Helix aspersa maxima p 6.3.39 heterozygous advantage 1.5.29 HIV treatment 1.3.38 helper cells 1.2.19 heterozygous 13.2.2, 6.2.7 HIV vaccine, problems 1.3.38 helper protein 10.2.30 hexane d 16.2.15 HIV virus TEM p 5.5.15 helper T cells 19.4.14,16.3.31, hexitol 7.2.19 HLA, human leukocyte antigens 13.5.32, 5.5.15 hexokinase 15.4.28, 7.1.28 16.4.8 hemicellulases 11.4.6 hexoses 19.1 12, 7.2.19, 5.4.16 HMEs, horizontally mobile elements hemicellulose HFEA, Human Fertilization and 18.4.21 8.4.6, 6.3.30, 4.1.8, 3.3.22 Embryology Authority 18.3.6, Hodgkin 5.1.35 hemidesmosome 7.1.23 16.1.2, 15.4.10 holdfast 3.4.7 Henderson-Hasselbalch equation HGH, human growth hormone hole in ozone layer p 2.2.27 1.4.16 p15.2.2 holistic care 14.2.19 Henry's law 11.1.14 Hib vaccine 10.5.26 Hollingworth lake 15.3.33 HEPA filter 4.5.25 Hib 10.5.26 holly p 7.5.34 heparin 2.4.12, 1.3.17 hibernacula 11.2.5 home range, hedgehog d 4.2.31 hepatic encephalopathy 18.3.30 hibernation 17.2.2, 13.3.2, 12.5.2, homeobox (Hox) genes 10.2.33 hepatic glycogen storage disease 1.4.11 homeobox mutation 10.2.33 13.1.22 hibernation, snails 3.2.30 house dust mite p 19.2.2 hepatic portal vein d 18.3.30, hierarchical classification 9.5.31 homeostasis 18.3.21, 17.2.2, d 14.2.14, 13.3.22, 2.1.16 high altitude cerebral oedema 15.3.30, 15.1.6, 12.5.2, 12.5.35, hepatic vein d 14.2.14, 5.2.18 8.4.19

28 12.4.2, 11.4.30, 5.3.25, 4.5.12, hormones measuring female 13.3.37 human influence on, willow 13.4.21 1.3.7, 1.2.15 hormones: mitochondria response human influence on: forest 13.2.10 homeostasis, body fluid 2.4.21 8.3.21 human influence on: nitrogen cycle homeostasis, glucose 2.1.16 hornworts 3.1.32 13.2.25 homeostasis, role of liver in 18.3.30 horse leg bone, strain on 3.4.23 human influence on: nutrient cycles homeostatic control: breathing horse nutrition 15.2.21 9.4.9 7.5.22 horseflies 7.2.7 human influence on, grey wolf: homeothermy 12.5.2, 1.4.11 horseradish peroxidase 17.3.37, 13.5.25 homing limpets 2.5.30 p5.5.6 human innovation 11.2.32 hominid foot prints: fossilised horses 15.2.21 human lifespan 14.4.27 8.4.30 horsetails, Equisetum p 6.5.30 Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) hominids 8.4.30 hospital nursing 14.2.19 12.2.8, 12.1.22 Homo erectus 8.4.30 host 16.3.21 human population pressure 2.3.11 Homo habilis 8.4.30 host cells, of viruses 1.3.38 human rights 11.4.8 Homo sapiens neanderthalensis host detection by parasites d 7.2.7 human serum albumin 6.2.40 p 8.4.30 host specificity 3.3.35 human skin d 17.2.2 Homo sapiens sapiens 8.4.30 host-finding by parasitic plants human skin, culture p 15.2.17 homokaryons 5.4.27 3.2.35 human sperm and egg p 16.4.8 homologous chromosome pairing hot flushes 14.1.2 human suckling young p7.1.2 15.4.20 hot springs bacteria 6.2.38 human T-cell leukaemia virus 1.3.38 homologous chromosomes 8.4.2 hot water, as pollutant 2.1.10 human-alpha-1-antitrypsin in milk homologous genes, flies and hounds tongue p11.2.19 of transgenic sheep 7.3.25 vertebrates 5.4.29 Hounsfield, Godfrey 14.3.24 humanisation of antibodies 18.4.38 homologous recombination 15.4.20 house bees 2.1.33 humidity and fungal infection 4.5.22 homologues, fatty acids 1.4.23 housefly 1.5.22 humification 4.5.31 homology 4.5.8 housekeeping genes 6.5.2 humpback whale p 11.5.24 homozygote 5.4.35, 2.5.2 hoverflies preying on aphids 3.3.35 humpback whale migration d16.1.31 homozygous 14.2.31, 13.2.2, hoverfly larvae feeding on peach humpback whale, identifying 6.2.7, 4.4.18 potato aphids p 11.5.11 individuals d 16.1.31 honey 16.4. 23 hoverfly, mimicry in p 17.3.25 Humus honey ant p 3.5.7 how to do projects 2.5.14 11.1.20, 7.4.12, 7.2.16, 4.4.6 honey badger p 18.4.18 HPLC, high pressure(performance) Huntingdon’s chorea 16.4.8, 9.1.36, honey bees genetics 16.4. 23 liquid chromatography 3.4.12 1.1.21 honey 2.1.33 HPLC, mobile system p 8.5.15 husbandry 19.2.21, 15.2.12 honey, radiocaesium in 6.4.14 HTLV 1.3.38 Huxley, T.H. 6.5.12 honeybee comb p 16.4. 23 HTS 14.1.22 hyaluronic acid 1.1.2 honeybees 6.4.14, 2.1.33 Hughes Bennett, John 10.4.40 hyaluronidase 1.3.17 honeycomb 2.1.33 HUGO, Human Genome hybrid fly species 2.2.2 honeydew 3.3.35 Organisation 5.5.2 hybrid genes d 19.3.28 Honeyguide bird 18.4.18 human ageing 14.3.33 hybrid salmon 13.3.29 Hook, Robert 19.3.34, 13.1.36 Human body clock 1.2.15 hybrid transgene production d7.3.25 hookworm p 4.3.2 human body, worth (New York hybrid varieties 7.3.324.5.8 hopping gait, energy cost d 7.1.10 Times letter) 5.5.26 hybrid vigour 1.5.29 hops p 5.3.10 human body: the 12.3.14 hybridisation 13.3.29, 7.5.38, horizontal gene transmission human chronic gonadotrophin (hCG) 3.3.33 d18.4.21 13.3.37, 12.4.2, 7.2.10, 1.5.36 hybridomas 9.2.7, p 6.2.20 horizontally mobile elements 18.4.21 human cloning 11.4.8 hybridoma cultures p 18.4.38 hormonal action on target cells 4.4.2 human cloning: ethics 11.3.7 Hydra aggregate development hormonal control of lactation 7.1.2 human egg: first division p11.4.2 d 8.4.36 hormonal control of testicular human evolution 8.4.30 Hydra nerve net 8.4.36, 5.1.35 function d7.3.28 Human Fertilization Act 18.3.6, Hydra regeneration d 8.4.36 hormonal manipulation, athletes 15.4.10 Hydra vulgaris 8.4.36 15.2.2 Human Fertilization and Embryology Hydra p d 8.4.36, d 6.5.6 hormone release rhythms 5.3.25 Authority, HFEA 15.4.10 Hydra, green p 7.4.8 hormone replacement therapy human fetus p 16.1.15 hydrocarbons, smog 2.2.27 (HRT) 11.2.15 human genetics 18.2.25 hydrogel lenses 9.4.29 hormone, plant 1.4.23 human genetic diseases 11.5.36 hydrogen atoms, axial/equatorial hormone, plant, gaseous 1.4.6 human genome 18.4.15 d16.2.15 hormones 19.3.2, 16.4.32 Human Genome Organisation hydrogen bonding 10.1.36, 2.4.18 hormones in menstrual cycle 11.3.7 hydrogen ion concentration 1.1.24 d 3.2.13 Human Genome Project 15.3.13, hydrogen ions 13.2.10, 1.4.16 hormones 13.3.37, 13.2.2, 11.3.29, 11.3.7, 8.1.14, 7.5.28, hydrogen peroxide 12.2.6, 2.2.20, 1.5.2 5.5.2 7.4.21, 7.4.28, 4.2.11 hormones, kinase activation by human growth hormone (hGH) hydrogen sulphide 5.5.8 15.4.28 8.2.15, 7.2.28 hydrolases 15.1.2 hormones: control of growth Human Immunodeficiency Virus hydrolases 12.1.31 d12.4.26 - see HIV hydrolysis d19.1.2, 17.2.21, 14.4.14, hormones: lugworm spawning human influence on, bracken 13.4.29, 5.1.22 13.5.7 13.5.16 hydrolysis of ATP d 3.2.21

29 hydrolysis of lactose 17.3.28 hypotonic drinks 13.1.11 immunocytochemical 13.1.36 hydrolysis on digestion 3.4.37 hypotonic 13.5.10 immunocytochemistry 17.3.37, p hydrolytic enzymes 13.4.29, 13.3.19 hypoxaemia 7.5.22 15.3.42, 13.2.32, 13.3.6, p 5.3.28 hydrophilic anionic groups 8.3.38 hypoxanthine 9.1.22 immunodeficiencies 1.2.19 hydrophilic 7.3.38 hypoxia of retina 17.2.9 immunofluorescence p19.3.34, hydrophobic drugs 8.3.38 hypoxia 8.4.19 p15.3.42, 8.4.6 hydrophobic interactions 1.5.16 hypoxic 9.4.29 immunofluorescence, antibody hydrophobic 9.5.39, 7.3.38 I.Q. 2.1.30 'staining' p 2.5.18 hydrophobic/hydrophilic 6.4.16 IAA 3.3.22, 2.3.23, 2.2.36, d 1.4.23 immunofluorescent labelling hydroponic rice 2.4.27 ice cream crystals 4.5.5 p16.4.42 hydroponic solution 5.3.31 ice crystal growth inhibition d 4.5.5 immunofluoresence: lymphocytes hydroponic tomatoes p 15.2.12 ice plant, Mesembryanthemum p 12.1.32 hydroponics 4.3.12 p 5.4.30 immunoglobulins 13.4.16, 12.1.32, hydrosere 5.5.8 ice recrystallisation 4.5.5 10.1.32, d 7.5.28, 7.1.2d 2.3.15 hydrostatic pressure 13.1.2, 1.4.30 ice 8.3.38, 2.4.18 immunoincompatibility 16.1.2 hydrostatic pressure, Icerya 6.4.7 immunolocalization of collagen shark adaptations 5.2.7 ICES 1.2.25 18.1.16 hydrostatic skeleton, squid 1.3.27 ICI Agrochemicals 2.2.19 immunological protection 10.1.32 hydrothermal vents 5.1.2 ICSI, Intracytoplasmic sperm immunological reactions to non- hydroxyaminoacid 5.3.2 injection 16.1.2 human insulin 4.4.2 hydroxyapatite in dentine 3.3.26 identification of paper fibres, stain immunopathology 13.5.32, 7.3.2 hydroxyapatite 12.3.25 6.3.30 immunosuppression hydroxybutyric acid 4.2.35 identification skills 6.3.25 13.3.22,12.2.36, 12.1.14, 1.2.19 hydroxyl radicals 7.4.21, 7.4.28 identification 10.4.23 immunotherapy 15.1.39 hydroxylase 4.2.11 Identification: skeleton 11.4.10 impact odourants 7.5.2 hydroxylated residues 13.1.19 identifying spiders with key 3.3.9 impacts, man on cave biota 17.1.38 hydroxylation 4.2.11 idiosyncratic response hypothesis Impatiens parviflora p 7.5.6 hydroxyvaleric acid 4.2.35 16.1.10 Imperial Cancer Research Fund Hymenoptera 17.3.25, 13.3.2, idiotype vaccine 15.1.39 4.1.22 10.4.18, 2.1.33 IgE 19.2.2 impermeability 12.2.28 hyperacute rejection IGF, insulin-like growth factor 7.1.18 implantation of embryo d 3.2.13 12.1.14, d 9.2.23 iguana, marine p 17.2.2 implants 3.4.34 hypercanic respiratory failure 7.5.22 insecticides,malaria 15.1.29 impression mould microscopy hypercapnia 8.4.19, 7.5.22 ijsberen 4.2.7 p15.4.42 hypercholesterolaemia 5.5.20 IL-1, interleukin-1 18.1.42 imprinting (genetics) 18.4.34 hypercholesterolaemia, familial IL2 and IL4 1.2.19 improved pastures and biodiversity 14.2.14 imaginal buds 13.4.29 4.4.12 hyperlipidaemia 13.4.9 imaging, body p 14.3.24 impulse train p 16.1.42 hypertension 12.5.35, immigration 4.1.2 impulse transmission d 10.2.23 12.5.9, 7.3.19, 1.3.7 immobilised algal cultures 4.3.29 impulses 12.5.18 hyperthermia 1.4.11 immobilised cell pellets p 5.5.34 imune response 16.3.31 hyperthermophiles 9.2.2 immobilised enzymes 1.5.16 in situ hybridisation 7.1.7 hyperthyroidism 12.2.19 immobilisation 19.1.16 in vitro fertilisation, IVF 16.1.2, hypertonic 13.5.10 immobilization of biomolecules 12.5.6, 12.4.36, 13.2.6, 11.3.7, hyperventilating 6.5.24 15.4.32 4.3.18, 3.2.13, 2.1.2 hyphae 13.3.19, 3.4.30, 2.2.12 immortal cells and cancer p 7.4.6 in vitro tests for cosmetics safety hyphal cells of Candida p 7.3.35 immortalising genes 7.4.6 2.3.20 hypo alarm in diabetes 1.5.36 immotile cilia 6.3.2 in vitro 5.3.31 hypobromous acid nitric oxide immune protection proteins 16.4.32 in vivo 5.3.31 radical 7.4.28 immune response to bacteria 7.3.2 inactivation of transmitter 5.1.35 hypochlorous acid 7.4.28 immune response 19.4.14, 1.2.19 inactivation 12.2.28 hypodermis 4.3.2 immune system 19.2.2, 16.3.21, inbred mice 5.5.39 hypoglycaemia 15.2.30, 14.2.14, 11.3.34, 9.4.38, 7.3.35, 5.5.15, inbreeder crops 7.3.32 13.1.22, 12.4.26 3.4.15, 1.2.19 inbreeding depression 13.3.29 hypostome, tick p14.3.2 immune system and parasites 4.5.37 inbreeding population 14.2.26 hypotension 2.4.21 immune system X-linked severe inbreeding 1.5.29 hypothalamic osmoreceptors 5.3.20 combined immunodeficiency incisor p 14.1.27 hypothalamo-pituitary- 7.2.23 inclusion body 17.1.34 feedback axis d 12.2.19 immune system, non- inclusive fitness 9.2.15 hypothalamus 17.2.2, 15.3.30 specific/specific 17.1.18 incubation of eggs, crocodilian 1.2.2 13.2.6, 12.5.2, 12.4.26, 8.2.15, immune system, skin 3.2.2 independence of measurements 7.1.2, 5.3.25, 4.5.12, 2.4.21 immunise 17.3.37 14.4.25 hypothalamus- pituitary- adrenal axis immunity 19.4.34, 18.1.2, 6.2.20 independent assortment of genes d 12.5.2 immunoassays d 4.2.15 law of 18.4.34, 2.5.2 hypothalamus, temperature immunoassays, blood enzymes independent variable measuring 3.4.25 2.1.35 18.2.21,14.3.38, 14.3.11 hypothermia 14.2.19, 8.4.19 immunocapture ELIZA d 17.3.37 index of diversity 14.3.11 hypothesis testing 14.3.11 immunocompromised 13.2.28 indicator dyes, pH 1.1.24 12.2.19 immunocontraception 7.2.10

30 indicator species 14.3.11, 12.2.31, inoculum 5.4.27, 2.2.19 intensive agriculture 19.2.21 9.1.25 inorganic plant nutrients, as interbreeding 9.3.21 indicators of copper / zinc, pollutants 2.1.10 intercalated discs 19.3.21, 8.1.2 bryophytes 3.1.32 insect d 13.4.29, 10.4.18, 1.5.22 intercellular cytoplasmic bridges indirect fitness 13.2.15 insect control 9.3.29 7.3.28 indol-3-acetic acid - see IAA insect eye: p 13.3.42 intercept 14.3.38 indole ethanoic acid – see IAA insect pest control 17.4.17 intercostals muscles 14.4.2 indole ring 3.3.22 insect pheromones 9.3.29 interference 13.1.36 induced fit model of enzymes insect resistant crops 16.1.21 interference of light rays 19.3.34 d19.1.2, 15.1.2, 6.2.26, 1.5.16 insect trap, black light 18.1.28 interferon alpha 11.1.38, 10.4.40 inducers 12.1.18 insecticidal nematodes 7.3.7 interferon suppressor T cells 5.5.15 inducible genes 14.3.6, 6.5.2 insecticidal plants 4.4.8 interferons 17.1.18, 16.3.31 induction 19.4.21 insecticide resistance 1.5.22 interferons production, culture, zero industrial biochemistry, career in insecticide safety tests d 5.2.36 gravity 3.1.4 5.5.6 insecticide spraying p 16.4.28 interferons 12.1.11, 7.2.23, industrial enzymes 5.5.34, 1.5.16 insecticide spraying p 5.2.36 7.2.28, 4.5.37, 4.1.22, 1.5.25 industrial melanism 1.2.30 insecticide, effects, minimising interglacial periods 18.1.11 industrial research, careers 2.3.28 16.4.28 interier milieu 12.5.2 industrial uses of thermophilic insecticides and fungicides, interleukin-1 18.1.42, 9.1.36 bacteria 6.2.38 timber, bats 3.3.30 interleukin-2 15.1.39, 1.2.19 inert suspended solids, as pollutants insecticides and hedgerows 16.4.28 interleukin-4 1.2.19 2.1.10 insecticides and wildlife 2.1.35 interleukin converting enzyme (ICE) infant mortality decline 14.4.27 insecticyanin p 6.1.31 9.3.2 infantile gastroenteritis 14.1.7 insectivorous plants 2.5.7 interleukin models p 5.3.7 infarct 10.1.25 insects 17.3.25 interleukins infauna 3.5.10 insects, beneficial , in hedgerows 7.2.23, 7.1.18, 4.5.37, 4.1.22 infection 19.4.34, 19.3.7, 18.1.2, 16.4.28 intermediate filament associated 16.3.21 insects: ladybirds 13.3.2 proteins (IFAPs) 9.3.36 infection cycle 14.2.34 insects: selective advantages intermediate filament proteins 9.3.36 infection, avoidance in blood 13.4.29 internal clock 1.2.15 transfusion 3.5.25 inspiration 7.5.22 internal environment 12.5.2, 12.5.28 infection, spread in body 7.3.2 inspiratory centre 14.4.2 International Board for Plant Genetic infections: fungal m 11.1.27 instars 13.4.29 Resources 7.3.32 infectious diseases 14.1.22 Institute of Arable Crop Research International Council for the infectious diseases: evolution 11.5.11 Exploration of the Seas - see ICES 12.2.2 Instructions: following in exams International Olympic Committee infertility 17.1.2, 13.3.37, 7.2.10 12.2.39 'banned drugs' 1.5.2 infertility treatment 13.3.37 Insulation 17.2.2 International Rice Research Institute infertility, bioethics 16.1.2 insulation, subcutaneous fat 3.1.36 2.4.27 infertility, tubal, in Chlamydia 17.1.34 insulin 19.2.14, 15.4.28, d 15.2.30, International system of units, SI infestation 12.4.39 d 15.1.2213.1.22, 8.3.21, 8.1.20, 1.2.22 inflammation 19.2.2, 18.4.2, 17.1.18, 7.3.25, 7.2.28, 6.5.24, 6.2.2, International Union for the 7.3.2 3.5.37, 2.3.15, 2.1.16, 1.5.25 Conservation of Nature (IUCN) inflammatory lesions 9.1.29 insulin and diabetes 4.4.2 8.2.12 inflammatory reaction p 14.3.2 insulin as anabolic hormone 15.2.2 International Whaling Commission inflorescences 13.4.21 insulin from yeast 10.2.30 2.2.15 influenza 14.1.22, p 3.2.6 insulin injection 3.5.37 internet: biology on the 10.2.26 information technology 5.5.2 insulin modification 10.2.30 interneurones 1.3.2 informed consent 12.1.39 insulin production 11.5.36 interphase d 14.4.37, 8.5.2, ingestion 5.1.2 insulin receptor 4.4.2 2.5.18, 1.3.20 inheritance of seed shape, peas insulin, role in metabolism d 18.4.10 interspecific competition 3.3.33 insulin structure d 4.4.2 12.4.31, 3.3.35 inheritance: autosomal recessive insulin synthesis d 10.2.30 interstitial laser treatment 16.3.18 12.5.15 insulin, human: genetically intertropical convergence zone inherited behaviour traits, cat 6.5.26 engineered d 10.2.30 3.4.2 inherited disease, diagnosis 4.3.18 insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) intervertebral disc p 1.1.2 inherited diseases 10.3.12 8.2.15 interview strategy 1.5.40 inherited enzyme deficiency 13.1.22 integral proteins, membrane 1.4.18 Interview technique 1.5.40 inherited trait 15.2.9 integral/ intrinsic proteins 6.4.16 interview: Clayton, Julie 9.4.40 inhibition, synaptic 1.3.2 integrated crop management interview: Davies, Kay 11.1.1 inhibitors of cell growth 3.3.22 19.2.21 interview: Dexter, Mike 11.5.1 inhibitors of enzymes 15.1.2 integrated pest management (IPM) interview: Jones Steve 10.4.1 inhibitory synapse 5.1.35 19.2.21, 17.4.17, 14.2.31, interview: Krebs, John 10.2.1 in-host selection 12.2.2 12.4.39, 11.4.6, 9.3.29, 6.4.7 interview: May, Robert 10.1.1 inkcap fungus p 3.1.4 integrated weed management interview: Nurse, Paul 10.5.1 innate immune response 18.1.2 18.3.10 interview: Rothwell, Nancy 11.2.1 innate immunity 19.4.34, 16.3.31 integrins 5.4.7 interview: Wolpert, Lewis 11.4.1 inner cell mass 4.3.18 intellectual property 7.2.14 intervillous spaces 12.4.2 inoculation 5.5.15 intelligence, effect of lead 2.1.30 intestinal bleeding, aspirin 7.1.38

31 intestinal mucosa 10.4.6, 3.4.19 ionizing radiation and leukaemia IVF, In vitro fertilsation 19.4.10, intestinal nematodes 4.3.2 7.3.11 p17.1.21, p 16.1.40, 16.1.24.3.18, intestinal space 13.5.2 ions, migration, in electric field 3.2.13 intestines 13.3.22 5.2.39 Ixodes ricinus p 11.1.6 intracapsular cataract surgery ion-selective channel d 7.3.38 Ixtoc I 6.1.28 13.2.36 IP3 2.2.20 Jain religion, non-violence 2.3.20 intracellular message 8.4.26 IPM - see integrated pest Japanese knotweed intracellular protein digestion 5.4.10 management p 8.3.31, p 6.1.25 intracellular signalling by IRGA, infra-red gas analyser jasmonic acid 5.1.27 growth factor 7.1.18 p 5.5.30 jaundice p18.3.30, p14.2.14, intracytoplasmic sperm injection, iridocytes 1.3.27 11.3.25 ICSI 16.1.2 iris d 17.2.9 jay p 14.3.11 intraocular lens 13.2.36 Irish Sea, productivity 1.2.25 Jealot's Hill Research Station 2.2.19 intraspecific competition Iron 13.2.19, 12.5.38, 4.2.11, 1.4.2 Jefferson, Thomas – descendents 13.4.29, 2.2.15, 3.3.35 iron deficiency p 12.5.38, 6.2.2 p16.4.8 intravenous drug abuse 14.1.37 iron II and III 4.3.38 Jeffrey, Alec, Prof Sir 16.3.7, introduced species (see also aliens) iron in haemoglobin, myoglobin 14.2.26, 1.1.19 6.5.12 d 6.1.16 jellyfish fossils 4.4.31 introgression 13.3.29 iron metabolism 6.1.16 Jenner, Edward 9.4.17, 8.1.31 intron removal 5.4.40 iron uptake 13.2.19 jet lag 1.2.15 introns 12.5.22, 10.2.10, iron-reductase gene 13.2.19 jet propulsion, squid 1.3.27 9.4.2, 7.5.38, 5.5.2 irradiation of food 1.4.25 jittery baby syndrome 7.5.19 invasive plants 6.1.25 irradiation 1.2.19 JNCC 18.1.11 invasive plants, bracken, 1.1.36 irrigation and salinity 2.4.27 job prospects, biology 2.1.39 invasive species 18.1.28, 16.2.38 irrigation ditch 14.2.34 job skills 1.3.36 invasive species, boar 17.4.9 irrigation 2.3.11 jobs, see career 2.5.22 invasive species, Chinese mitten irruption 11.4.28 John Innes Centre 8.1.31 crab 15.2.6 Isaacs, Alick p 7.2.23 John Rylands University Library of invasive species, harlequin ladybird ischaemia 11.2.36, 10.1.25 Manchester 9.2.40 17.4.42 Ishihara colour vision tests 19.3.28 John Snow (pub p) 14.1.7 invasive species, Salvinia 17.2.39 Isle Royale 13.5.24 Joint Genome Institute p 15.3.13 inversions, chromosomes 18.2.10 islets of Langerhans p15.2.30, joints 1.1.2 invertase 5.1.22 9.3.24, 3.5.37, 2.1.16 Jones, Steve 10.4.1 invertebrate food, decline 16.4.17 isoelectric point 7.1.35 joules 7.4.2, 6.2.2, 3.3.40 invertebrate prey in estuaries Isoetes lacustris p d 8.5.32 journalism 10.2.38 3.5.10 Isoetes p 6.5.30 journalism: science 12.5.33 invertebrate, marine: chemical isograft 12.1.14 judgement, using 18.3.18 signals 13.5.7 isolated limb perfusion for tumours juglone 2.3.23 invertebrate: nematodes 13.5.20 7.2.23 jumping animals 6.2.30 invertebrate: round worm 13.5.20 isolated perfused eye test jumping spider p 6.2.30 invertebrates, Antarctic p 3.1.7 (alternative to Draize test) d2.3.20 jumping spider, Euophrys p 3.3.9 invertebrates: collecting techniques isolated woodland and conservation jungle warfare 5.5.30 10.4.23 4.4.12 junk DNA 15.3.13, 5.5.2 investigation: design 10.3.2 isolating mechanism 16.2.24 Juno space mission 3.1.4 investigation: planning 10.3.2 isolating pure cultures d 4.5.25 Jurassic period 11.1.2, 2.5.11 investigation: variables 10.3.2 isolation chambers, in study of juvenile hormones 13.4.29 investigations: extended 8.5.24 human rhythms 1.2.15 K, plant nutrient 4.3.12 investigative assignments: A level isolation of a gene 1.5.25 kahweol 14.2.22 10.3.2 isolation of organelles 4.1.15 kairomone 9.3.29 131 1.3.12 isolation: evolution 8.5.7 kale, forage p 4.1.32 6.2.14 isoleucine 12.5.15 kanamycin 8.3.25 iodine starch test 5.4.16 isomaltose d19.1 12, d5.4.16 kangaroo 7.1.10 iodine 12.2.19 isomegalen diagram 15.4.15, kangaroo gait 18.2.2 iodised salt 6.2.14 d6.1.38 kangaroo joey p17.1.30 ion channel d 14.1.7 isomerases 15.1.2, 12.1.31 kangaroo rat p 16.2.2, p12.5.2 ion channel proteins, gene cloning isometric growth 13.4.29 Kaposi’s sarcoma p14.4.21, 7.3.38 isometric tension, athletes 1.3.30 14.1.37, 7.4.30 ion channels in nerve membrane isopeptide formation 6.4.26 Karakoram mountains expedition 5.1.35, 4.3.26, 1.3.2 isoprenaline 4.1.19 d 6.2.14 ion channels d 6.4.16 Isospora belli 14.4.21, 13.3.14 Kariba weed p 17.2.39, p 5.5.8 ion exchange chromatography isotope hotspots 14.3.24 Kartagener’s syndrome 18.4.2, 3.4.12 isotope I131 6.2.14 3.5.29 ion selective electrode d 15.4.32 isotopes 4.5.17 karyotype 19.4.10 ion transport, fish gill, and Al 3.4.27 isotopes as tracers 4.4.21 Kdr 1.5.22 ion-exchange chromatography isotopes: stable 12.5.38 keloid scar p 17.3.2 16.4.32 Isotretinion 9.1.29 kelp life cycle d 3.4.7 ionisation: water 8.2.24 Italian tree frogs p 10.5.31 kelp 3.4.7 ionising radiation 13.2.36, 1.4.25 IVD p 1.1.2 keratin 17.4.37, 11.3.25, 11.1.27, ivermectin 14.1.22, 4.3.2 9.3.36, 7.1.23

32 keratin polypeptide 9.3.36 Koch, Robert 8.2.2 landscape alteration by beaver keratin: aggregation d 9.3.36 Koch’s postulates 15.3.24 14.1.27 keratinocyte d 17.3.2, 12.2.8, Koelbele, Albert 6.4.7 Langerhan's cells 3.2.2 9.3.36, p 3.2.2 kohl-rabi p 4.1.32 laparoscopic surgery 9.4.6 keratomalacia 5.4.2 Kreb's cycle – see citric acid cycle large blue butterfly p 14.4.10 Kern, A E 7.4.2 Krebs, Hans 11.1.34, 1.2.6 large white butterfly life cycle ketoacidosis 3.5.37 Krebs, John 10.2.1 p 6.5.2 ketoglutaric acid 1.2.6 kuru 10.5.38 large/intermediate/small motor units ketone pheromones 13.5.7 Kuwait oil disaster 6.1.28 6.4.11 ketoses 5.4.16 lab work 18.3.18 larva of ladybird p 17.4.17 ketosis and starvation 15.3.37 labelled CO2 uptake in sucrose larvae 13.4.29, 13.3.14, 10.4.18 Kew primrose 8.3.34 7.1.13 larvae: flies p 7.5.26, p 6.1.38 key instructions in exams 7.1.40 labelled molecules 4.4.21 laser treatment for visual defects key to identify spiders 3.3.9 lactalbumin 16.3.2 p17.4.30 keying out 6.3.25 lactase d 17.3.28 Lashley cup, parotid gland saliva keys 13.5.10 lactase deficiency 17.3.28 6.3.35 keystone species 17.4.9, 17.2.34, lactate 17.1.10, 6.2.2, 1.3.30 LASIK and LASEK eye surgery 11.4.18, 6.5.12 lactate dehydrogenase d 1.5.16 17.4.30 kick sampling 3.1.25 lactation 16.3.2, d 10.1.32, 7.1.2 L-aspartate 5.1.35 kidney damage, diabetes 15.2.30 lactation and fertility 16.3.2 latent heat of evaporation 7.5.6 Kidney dialysis and Al poisoning lactation inhibits ovulation 7.1.2 lateral cord 4.3.2 3.4.27 lactation, extended, in marsupials Lathrop, Abbie's mouse farm 5.5.39 kidney disease, cystinosis 3.2.21 7.1.10 Lathyrus hirsutus cell p 12.5.42 kidney failure; treatment 5.2.38 lactic acid bacteria 15.4.36, 11.3.10 latrotoxin 16.2.33 kidney machine 4.2.18 lactic acid bacteria, dairy products lauric acid 6.5.16 kidney stone p 18.4.7, 9.1.22 3.2.38 laver bread 4.3.29 kidney tubular structure d 9.1.2 lactic acid 19.2.14, 18.2.6, 8.1.20, law of independent assortment kidney tubules 13.4.36 6.4.11, d 6.1.6, 2.1.161.1.24 18.4.34 kidney p 16.2.2 13.4.36, lactic acid, cheese 15.4.36 law of segregation 18.4.34 12.5.9, 12.5.18, 12.5.35, 8.5.27, lactic acid, diving 1.4.30 laws of energetics 1, 2 and 3 5.5.26 5.3.20, d 2.4.21, 1.3.7 Lactobacillus 18.2.6 lay person 13.3.26 Kilauea volcano p 9.2.10 Lactobacillus plantarum 11.3.10 LD50 test 2.3.20, 2.1.35 Kilauea, Hawaii p 14.2.2 Lactococcus lactis, protein, as LDL, low density lipoproteins killer T-cell 10.3.40 preservative 3.2.38 14.2.14, 4.2.37, 5.5.20 killer whale p 1.4.30 lactoferrin genesheep blowfly 7.4.34 LDL receptors 18.1.38 kilograms 1.2.22 lactose 19.1 12, d17.3.28, 7.2.19 Le Blanc Process 1.1.15 kilopascal, kPa 6.3.14 lactose in cheese d 15.4.36 leaching 19.1.16 kin selection 11.3.18, 2.1.33 lactose intolerance 12.4.11, 1.5.16 lead in environment, sources 2.1.30 kinase activation by hormones lactose intolerance 17.3.28 lead poisoning 3.2.11, 2.1.30 15.4.28 lactose metabolism genes 6.5.2 lead poisoning, blue gums p 2.1.30 kinase p15.4.28 lactose synthetase 16.3.2 leading strand polymerase 10.4.15 kinases. Protein 17.4.13 lactose: hydrolysed d 12.4.11 leaf frogs p 17.2.17 kineses 7.2.31 ladybird p17.4.17, 13.3.2 leaf hopper d 6.2.30 kinesin in neurones 2.5.18 ladybird, 7-spot p18.1.28 leaf palatability d p 4.5.31 kinetochore microtubules 8.5.2 ladybird, harlequin 18.1.28, 17.4.42 leaf, section, SEM p 4.1.8 kinetochores d 15.4.20, 14.4.37, ladybirds eating aphids learning biology topics 5.1.20 1.3.20 p11.5.11, 3.3.35 learning notes 15.1.6 kinetoplast 6.3.27 ladybirds: life cycle d 13.3.2 learning to hunt, cat 6.5.26 kinetosome 6.3.2 lager 5.3.10 learning, in squid 1.3.27 king coconuts p 9.1.17 Lake District 8.5.17 learning, kitten 6.5.26 kingfisher p 12.4.31 lake enrichment 8.5.17 leatherback turtle p 8.1.6 kinins 3.4.19 Lake Kalgard 8.5.32 lectins 15.2.24 kinkajou p 4.2.7 Lake Superior 13.5.24 Lederberg, Joshua 9.1.10 kin-selection 16.4. 23 Lake Titicaca fishery 14.1.10 Leeches Kirgilyakh Creek 12.3.39 Lake Victoria cichlids p 16.2.24, p.7.2.2, d.6.5.6, 1.3.17, p 1.3.2 kite diagram 18.3.18 14.1.10 leech nervous system 18.3.2 kittens suckling p 17.2.13 lakes 5.5.8 Leeuwenhoek, Anton van Klinefelter's sydrome 5.4.35 lamellae 9.1.2 9.5.31, 9.3.10, 5.3.38 klipspringer p 7.5.2 Laminaria life cycle d 3.4.7 left-right asymmetry 18.4.2 Kluveromyces yeast 15.4.36 Laminaria p 3.4.7 legal responsibility for actions knee-jerk reflex 1.3.2 laminin 13.4.36 17.1.21 knife fish p 11.2.23 L-amino acids 9.5.39 Legionella 3.5.23 knock down resistance 1.5.22 lamprey larva & adult p 11.3.25 legume nodules p 16.4.2, p 7.4.8 knock-knee stance d 9.2.37 lamprey: gall bladder d 11.3.25 legumes 14.1.15, 1.4.2 knockout mice 11.4.24 lampreys 11.3.25 Leishmania d .5.37, p.4.3.32 Knoop 1.4.23 land contaminants 11.3.22 Lemna minor p 5.5.8 knotweed: Japanese p 8.3.31 land management, changing 14.4.10 Lemna minuta p 5.5.8 koala nutrition 5.1.2 landfill sites 4.4.6, p 1.5.12 Lemsip 14.2.14 koala p14.3.42 Lena River 12.3.39

33 lens cells, ageing 6.4.26 ligands binding d 12.2.6 L-isomers d 5.4.16 lens d 17.2.9, 13.2.36, p 1.5.7 ligands 12.2.6, 6.4.16 Listeria monocytogenes lepidoptera 13.3.2, 10.4.18 ligases 15.1.2, 12.1.31, 10.4.15 p 7.5.10, 3.2.38 lepromatous leprosy 13.5.32 ligated ileal loop model d 10.4.6 Listeria 11.3.10, 3.5.23, 1.4.25 leprosy Mycobacterium leprae ligation 10.4.2 listeriosis 11.3.10, 7.5.10 15.3.24, 13.5.32 light 16.4.2 literature, in projects 2.5.14 leprosy sufferers p13.5.32 light absorption 17.3.33, 8.3.28 litmus 1.5.36 leprosy: immunological response light dependent protein synthesis litter decomposition 5.2.30 13.5.32 1.2.34 Little, Clarence 5.5.39 leprosy: treatment 13.5.32 light dependent reactions 14.2.11 Littorina p 2.5.30 leptin d18.4.10, 15.3.30, 12.5.2, light emission 16.4.12 liver d14.2.14 10.1.17, 9.2.33 light harvesting chlorophyll complex liver anatomy and function 5.2.18 Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae d 3.5.13 liver and alcohol 7.4.16 12.4.39 light independent reaction 12.5.18 liver failure 18.3.30, 13.3.22 leptospirosis 12.4.39, 3.1.25 light independent reactions 14.2.11 liver structure 18.3.30, d 13.3.22 leptotene 4.4.24 light intensity and photosynthetic liver normal p 5.2.18 lesion 10.4.6 output 1.5.32 liver transplants 13.3.22 let-down reflex d 16.3.2 light microscope 19.3.34, 13.3.6, liver p 13.3.22, 5.2.18, 2.1.16 leucine 12.5.15 p13.1.36, d 5.4.23, d 2.1.21 liver: blood supply d 13.3.22 leucocytes light organs 16.4.12 livers: artificial 13.3.22 d12.1.32, 7.3.11, 5.5.15, 4.5.37 light waves 19.3.34, 13.1.36 liverwort pores p 6.5.30 Leuconostoc mesenteroides 11.3.10 lightening 13.2.25 liverwort , geographic leukaemia cell TEM p7.2.23 light-independent stage of separation of sexes 3.1.32 leukaemia 12.2.6, 7.3.11 photosynthesis 1.2.34 liverworts 7.5.34, 3.1.32 leukaemia, chronic myeloid, lignin p 17.2.42, 13.3.19, 13.1.14, livestock UK population and output chromosomal alteration 6.3.30, 3.5.19 3.2.11 1.3.20, 1.3.38 ligninase 4.4.6 living fossil bryophyte 3.1.32 leukotrienes 11.2.19 limb development 10.2.33 living fossils 10.2.10 levan 5.2.12 limbic system 7.5.2 living skin equivalent p 3.4.34 levers 3.4.23 lime 7.5.34 living things reverse second law of levo 9.5.39 Limenitis archippus 11.3.18 energetics 5.5.26 Lewy body dementia 5.3.28 limestone pavement 16.2.38 living tissue equivalents 3.4.34 Leydig cells 15.4.10, 15.2.2, 13.2.6, liming acidified areas 1.1.15 llamas 1.4.9 7.3.28 liming 7.2.16, p 3.4.27 load-bearing joints 1.1.2 L-glutamate 5.1.35 limit dextrins, in beer 2.2.30 loam 7.2.16 LH luteinizing hormone 19.3.2, limiting factor, plant growth 6.5.6, lobster p 16.4.2 15.4.10, d 14.1.2, 13.3.37, 1.1.15 lobster, colour 6.1.31 7.3.28, 7.2.10 Limnanthes 11.5.39 lobules 13.3.22 LHCP 3.5.13 limpet grazing p 2.5.30 lobworm 2.3.8 libido 7.3.28 Lincoln Index 6.3.19, 3.1.25 local cold injury 8.4.19 lice 13.3.14, 7.2.7, 4.1.37 lindane 3.3.30 local hormone, NO as 14.4.18 lichens p19.4.38 line graph 19.3.10, 18.3.18 lock and key, analogy of enzyme lichen ecology d 15.3.8 line of best fit 14.4.25 action 2.2.20, 1.5.16 lichen TS p 15.3.8, p 7.4.8, linear relationship 14.3.38 lock-and-key model of enzymes p 3.4.30, p 3.1.7, p 1.4.2 lingual lipase 3.4.37 15.1.2 life cycle Aphidius ervi parasitoid Linnaean binomial system 8.3.34 lockjaw 7.3.2 p17.4.17 Linne, Carl 8.3.34 locomotion 18.2.2 life cycle Plasmodium d 16.3.31, d p Linnean Society 1.2.38 locomotion by cilia 6.3.2 15.1.29 linoleic acid 11.2.19 locusts p19.1.6, p6.2.30 life cycle, bacteriophage virus 3.2.6 linseed p 9.1.17 lodgepole pine, pest damage control life cycle, bluebottle fly d 15.4.15 linseed oil 9.1.17 5.1.25 life cycle, bracken 13.5.16 lion feeding p 5.5.26 lodging (of rice) 1.4.6 life cycle, Chlamydia 17.1.34 lipase 14.2.14, 13.5.2, 4.4.6, lodging in wheat 17.3.33, p 15.3.16 life cycle, Eriocheir sinensis d 15.2.6 3.4.37 logarithmic scale 6.1.2 life cycle, fly 1.5.22 lipid bilayer 4.2.37, 3.4.15, 1.4.18 logarithmic spiral 13.4.13 life cycle, harlequin ladybird lipid metabolism 14.2.14 logarithms 13.4.13, 4.1.26, 3.5.17 p18.1.28 lipid oxidation 7.4.21 loggerhead turtle p 8.1.6 life cycle, locust d 19.1.6 lipid transport 4.2.37 logging 1.1.8 life cycle, moss d 3.1.32 lipids 15.1.6, 11.5.39, 9.1.17, Loligo 1.3.27 life cycle, Pandora neoaphidis 3.1.36 long bones 5.5.11, 2.1.25 fungus 17.4.17 lipocalins 14.3.2, 6.1.31 long day plants 3.4.2 life cycle, Plasmodium d 19.1.24 lipoperoxidation 10.5.11 long nosed bat p 17.2.34 life cycle, trypanosome p 18.2.25 lipopolysaccharides 18.1.2, 8.5.38 longevity, hedgehog 4.2.31 life cycles d 10.4.18 lipoproteins 14.2.14, 5.5.20, 4.2.37 longevity, human 14.3.33 life expectancy 11.2.32 liposome 3.2.21 long-haired gene, cats 5.4.35 life lab 12.3.14 liposomes as carriers 4.3.32 long-sightedness 17.4.30, 1.5.7 life tables 11.2.32 liquid chromatography mass long-term potentiation (LTP) d 8.4.26 lifestyle of Archaeopteryx 2.5.11 spectrometer p 15.3.21 loop of Henlé 16.2.2, 2.4.21, 1.3.7 ligand-induced uptake 1.4.18 liquid chromatography 3.4.12 loose connective tissues p8.1.27

34 Los Angeles 2.2.27, 1.1.15 lysases 12.1.31 male gene, humans 7.3.28, 5.2.15 loss of yield caused by witchweed lyse 13.5.32 male infertility 16.1.2 3.2.35 lysis 13.5.32, 8.3.38 male pronucleus 7.3.28 lovastatin 18.1.38 lysosomal storage diseases 17.3.14, male sterility 7.3.28 , snail p 3.2.30 3.2.21 male-male competition 11.1.30 love songs, of Drosophila 2.2.2 lysosomes p 17.3.14, p17.2.21, malic acid 8.5.32, 1.2.6 low blood pressure 9.5.14 15.2.36, p 13.5.2, 13.4.29, malignant hyperthermia 11.2.36 low temperatures 13.5.10 d4.2.21, p 3.2.21, p2.5.24, malignant tumour 16.1.26 low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) 2.3.15, 2.1.21 mallow, hairy p 6.4.33 13.2.2, 11.2.15 lysosomes in Euglena p 5.4.10 malnutrition 13.2.19 low density lipoprotein receptors lysozyme 6.3.35, p 6.2.26, 3.2.21 malt 12.5.26, 1.4.25 18.1.38 lysyl oxidase 2.5.24 malting 5.3.10 low-level ozone 2.2.27 Macaulay Land Use Research maltose d19.1 12, d16.2.15, d5.4.16 lubrication of joints 1.1.2 Institute (MLURI) 13.5.29 mammalian aquaporin 9.2.18 luciferase gene in Vibrio d 6.4.30 mackerel tabby 5.4.35 mammals in Britain 12.4.18 luciferase 13.2.28 Macrocystis 3.4.7 mammary gland d 16.3.2, d 7.1.2 luciferin and luciferase 16.4.12 macrofauna 9.5.2 mammogram p16.1.26, p 9.2.26 lugworm 13.5.7, p13.5.7 macroinvertebrates, freshwater mammoth carcass: 'Dima' p 12.3.39 Luidia p 2.4.32 3.1.25 mammoths p12.3.39 Lumbricus p18.3.14, 8.5.12, 2.3.8 macromolecule digestion 3.2.21 Mammuthus primigenius 12.3.39 lumen 9.3.24, 7.4.2 macromolecules 17.2.21, 5.3.2 Man, Isle of 1.2.25 luminometry 6.4.30 macronucleus 3.3.15 management for conservation, lung book, spider d 3.5.29 macronutrients 13.4.9, 5.3.31, tropical rain forest 1.1.8 lung epithelium p 18.4.2 4.3.12 manatee sucking calf p 10.1.32 lung fibrosis 2.5.24 macrophages 19.4.14, p 19.4.34, manatee p 1.4.30 lung fish: South American p 10.2.10 d18.1.2, 17.3.2, 17.1.18, 15.2.36, Manchester Museum 12.3.14 lung of land snail 3.2.30 d15.1.39, d14.3.2, 14.1.30, Manchester Public Health lung tumour, X ray p 15.1.39 13.4.16, 13.5.32, 6.3.27, 4.5.37, Laboratory (PHL) 13.3.14 lung, mucus blanket 5.3.2 2.5.24 mandibles 13.4.29 lung, TB p 14.1.30 macrophages, aggregations 3.3.15 mangrove p 18.1.33 lungfish p 8.5.27 macrophytes 6.5.6 manihot, fermentation 2.2.30 lungfish, Lepidosiren p 3.5.29 macropodidae 7.1.10 manipulating reproduction 19.2.34 lungs 16.1.36, d 14.4.2, 3.5.29 Madagascar 16.1.31 man-made N fixation 1.4.2 lungs, smoking damage 2.5.24 Madeiran Islands 8.5.7 mannose-6-phosphate tag 4.2.21 lungwort p 11.2.19 Madeiran snails 8.5.7 , squid 1.3.27 lures, fish p 14.1.10 maggots and murder 15.4.15, Manx gene 5.4.35 luteal phase 13.3.37 6.1.38 maple syrup p 18.1.33 lutein 13.4.9 maggots: wound healing Maple Syrup Urine Disease 12.5.15 luteinising hormone (LH) p15.4.15, 7.5.26 mapping distribution 14.4.10 13.3.37, 13.2.6, 6.4.2 magic bullets mapping the genome 5.5.2 luteinising hormone, inhibition by 4.3.32, 2.3.26, 1.1.12 MAPs 2.5.18 suckling 7.1.2 magnetic field, plant response to mara p 16.3.14 Lutra lutra p 8.2.12 3.1.4 marathon runners p 17.1.10 lux genes 14.3.6 magnetic fields of brain 3.3.11 Marathon, London p2.3.35 lux 7.4.2 magnetic resonance imaging Marek's disease 11.4.14 lyases 15.1.2 p19.1.32, p14.3.24, 11.4.37 margarine 9.1.17 Lying Bob 1.1.19 magnification 17.3.10, 13.5.10 marine fouling organisms 2.5.35 Lyme disease 13.3.14, 11.1.6 magnocellular neurones, ADH marine pollution 2.1.10 lyme disease: transmission 13.5.16 2.4.21 marker genes 5.2.15 Lymnaea nerve ganglia p 1.3.2 maidenhair tree 12.2.13 marking genetically engineered lymph glands 7.3.2 Maillard reaction 6.4.26 microorganisms 6.4.30 lymph node 19.4.14,16.3.31, maize p13.3.30, 10.2.18, p 5.2.30, mark-release-recapture 18.1.7, 14.1.30, 5.5.15 p 5.4.30, 1.5.29 14.3.11, 6.3.19, 3.1.25 lymphatic system d 19.4.14 maize/corn pests p 16.1.21 mark-release-recapture, seashore lymphatic drainage 13.2.36 major histocompatibility complex 2.5.30 lymphatic ducts 13.5.20, 1.2.19 (MHC) 12.1.32 marks to grades 16.3.27 lymphatic system 13.1.2, 12.1.32 major intrinsic protein (MIP) 9.2.18 marmoset p 4.2.7 lymphatic vessels 5.5.15 Malacosma neustria 11.4.28 marram grass p19.2.14, 14.2.2, lymphocytes 19.4.34, p 18.4.38, malaria 19.1.24, 16.3.31, 16.3.21, p13.1.42 dp15.1.39, 12.1.32, 7.3.11, 15.1.29, p 14.1.22, 12.2.2, 7.2.7, Marrella p 4.4.31 6.1.22, 6.2.20, 1.2.19, p 5.5.15 4.5.37 marrow 3.4.23, 2.1.25 lymphocytes, immunoglobulin malaria control: guppies 9.1.14 marsh fritillary 14.4.10 production 2.3.15 malate 5.4.30 marsh gas 1.5.12 lymphocytes: immunofluoresence malate/aspartate shuttle d 8.1.20 marsh harrier p 12.3.8 p12.1.32 malathion 15.4.15 marsupial guts d 5.1.2 lymphoid follicle in gut p 12.1.32 Malaya, tropcal rain forest 1.1.8 marsupial mouse, programmed lymphokines 4.5.37, 1.2.19 male abortion 7.2.10 death 6.4.26 lymphoma 14.1.37 male contraception 13.2.6, 7.3.28 marsupials, inferior or different? lynx p 12.4.18 male determination 7.3.28 7.1.10

35 marsupials, milk 16.3.2 medicinal leech 1.3.17 menopause 14.1.2, 13.3.37, Masai giraffe p 11.4.18 medicinal leech, nervous system 11.2.15 masculinisation, by hormone 15.2.2 d 1.3.2 menstrual cycle d13.3.37, mash 5.3.10 medicinal plants, rain forest 1.1.8 13.2.6,d 11.2.15, d 7.2.10, 3.2.13 masking agents 1.5.2 medicine, past and future 14.4.27 menstrual synchrony 7.5.2 mass flow 7.5.6 Medicine: major advances 12.3.14 mental handicap 10.3.12 mass spectroscopy 4.4.21, 3.3.22 medicines 14.1.22 mental relaxation 5.2.27 mass trapping 9.3.29 medicines, safety 18.4.15 MEOS, microsomal ethanol mast 17.4.9, 6.2.11 medulla 12.5.9 oxidising system 7.4.16 mast cell 19.2.2, 14.3.2 medullary bone 5.5.11 Mercantor National Park 13.5.24 mastectomy 9.2.26 MEG, magnetoencephalogram Merck 14.1.22 mastoid 19.3.27 3.3.11 meristem culture 5.3.31, 2.2.36, mastoiditis 7.5.26 megakaryocyte 13.1.32, 2.4.12 d 2.2.36 mate choice 18.3.26 megakaryocyte, endomitosis in meristematic cell 3.5.13 mate guarding 11.1.30 3.3.15 meristems 8.4.6 mate recognition 11.2.23 megamouth shark 5.2.7, 5.1.2 merozoites p19.1.24, 16.3.31 maternal blood sampling 11.3.29 meiosis 18.4.34, 18.2.25, 15.4.20, Merrick JC (elephant man) 16.3.10 maternal recognition of pregnancy 15.4.10, 11.2.28, 7.3.28, 7.2.36, Merseyside, toad in p d 14.2.26 6.4.2 4.4.24, 2.1.2 Meselson, Matthew 11.3.15 maths problems 5.5.24 melanin formation d 5.5.39 mesenchyme 4.3.2 mating disruption 9.3.29 melanin inhibiting gene 5.4.35 mesenchyme, epithelial 7.1.23 mating in spiders 3.3.9 melanin 17.4.24, 12.4.29, 3.2.2 mesenteries 6.2.7 mating systems 17.4.2 melanocytes 3.2.2, 2.3.2 mesofauna 9.5.2 mating types, in yeast 2.2.30 Melanophila fire sensors p 15.4.32 mesoglea 8.4.36 mating 19.2.34, 10.5.2 melatonin and hair 17.4.37 mesophilic bacteria 6.2.38 mating earthworms dp18.3.14 melatonin structure and synthesis mesophyll cells 5.4.30 mating, snails 3.2.30 d10.1.39 mesquite tree p 9.3.32 mating: bacteria 9.1.10 melatonin 19.2.34, 10.1.39, d7.4.2 messenger proteins 7.2.23 matrices 8.1.27 menarche 19.3.2 messenger RNA, mRNA 15.3.24 matrix macromolecules 8.1.27 melengestrol acetate (MGA) 11.5.21 messenger RNA, see mRNA matrix metalloproteinases, MMP Melolontha melolontha p 11.2.5 Messner, Reinhold 8.4.19 15.1.2 melting 4.3.23 meta-analysis, exercise and heart Matthei, Heinrich 8.1.14 membrane barrier 5.2.2 attack 2.3.35 matural enemies, enhancing 17.4.17 membrane channels d 7.3.38, 1.5.2 metabolic energy 13.1.22 Mauna Loa 9.2.10 membrane fusion and fission metabolic heat 17.2.2 maxillae 13.4.29 6.4.16, 1.4.18 metabolic pathway 1.2.6 maximum safe concentration 8.5.15 membrane integrity 11.2.36 metabolic rate d 17.2.2 maximum sustainable yield 2.2.15 membrane lipid bilayer 6.4.16 metabolic rate 6.1.6 May, Robert 10.1.1 membrane patch clamping 7.3.38 metabolism 15.3.37, 14.2.14 mayfly larva p 13.4.29, d p 9.1.25 membrane phospholipid 6.5.16 metabolism mayfly nymph, Ecdyonurus p 3.1.25 membrane proteins 10.4.32, 1.4.18 13.2.28, 13.1.22, 5.2.25, 1.1.30 mayfly, Ephemera, adult p 3.1.25 membrane, bacterial p 1.1.27 metabolism: control 9.4.38 mayfly: female adult p 13.4.29 membrane, fluid mosaic model metabolism: waste products 9.1.22 mayfly: sub-imago 10.4.18 d 4.3.38 metabolite 1.1.30 MCPA weedkiller d1.4.23 membranes - functions 6.4.16 metabolites of insecticides 2.1.35 mean relative growth rate 3.5.2 membranes: basement 13.4.36 metabolites: secondary 12.1.18 mean 13.5.36, 13.3.40, 7.4.38, membrane-spanning proteins 1.1.27 metabolites: travel of d 12.3.23 8.1.39 membrane-transport proteins 6.2.26 metachronal waves 6.3.2 measles p 14.1.22, 9.4.17 memory cells 5.5.15 metamorphosis 15.4.15 measurement 16.2.30, 1.2.22 Mendel, Gregor p18.4.34, 15.2.9, metamorphosis 7.4.28, 6.1.38 measuring efficiency 5.1.30 3.3.33, 1.1.19 metamorphosis: complete 10.4.18 measuring female hormones Mendelian principles metamorphosis: incomplete 10.4.18 13.3.37 18.4.34, 18.2.10 metamorphosis: insect measuring size 17.3.10 Mendelian character 1.1.21 13.4.29, 10.4.18 meat tenderisers 1.5.16 Mendelian genetics in cats 5.4.35 metamorphosis: lampreys 11.3.25 meat, preparation m 3.1.12 Mendelian genetics 11.4.24 metaphase d 14.4.37 meat, toughness, causes 3.1.12 mendelian inheritance patterns metaphase meat-eating plants 2.5.7 12.5.15, 9.2.26, 8.2.18 p 11.2.11, p d 8.5.2, 4.4.24, 1.3.20 mechanical design in biology 5.1.30 Mendelian principles 2.5.2 metapopulation 14.2.26 mechanoreceptors 12.3.33 Menhinick's index of biodiversity Metasequoia 19.3.38 Mectizan 14.1.22 3.1.25 metastasis median lethal dose 2.1.35 meninges 10.5.26 d13.4.36, 11.1.38, 6.5.14, 6.1.36 median 13.2.40, 7.4.38 meningitis15.1.26, 14.1.30, 10.5.26, methaemoglobin 11.2.2 medical artist, career 3.1.2 8.2.2, 7.5.10 methane emissions, rumen 14.4.14 medical illustration, career 16.3.18 meningitis: bacterial 10.5.26 methane molecule d 16.2.15 Medical Laboratory Scientific meningitis: symptoms 10.5.26 methane production by ruminants Officers (MLSOs) 13.3.14, 1.3.36 meningitis: viral 10.5.26 1.5.12 Medical Research Council 13.5.28 meningococcus 10.5.26, 7.3.2 methane 3.3.2, 1.5.12 medical student 11.1.36 methane, greenhouse gas 2.2.27

36 methanol 13.1.27, 3.5.34 p15.4.42 minisequencing 8.3.7 methicillin resistant Staphylococcus microscopy, X-ray 14.2.38 minnows d 6.5.6 aureus (MRSA) p19.4.30 microscopy: specimen preparation minoxidil 10.3.37 methionine 12.3.23, 10.3.15 13.3.6 Mir space station 3.1.4 methyl salicylate biosynthesis microtitre plate d 14.1.15 miracidium p 13.4.16 d 11.5.11 microtome 19.3.34, 13.1.36 miracidium larva p 16.3.21 Methylophilus 3.5.34 microtone 8.1.34 miracle rice 1.4.6 methylxanthines 7.5.19 middle ear bones 19.3.27 miscarriages, from lead 2.1.30 metre 16.2.30, 1.2.22 microtubule associated proteins misleading statements in press metrology 9.1.40 2.5.18 17.2.28 mettles in field margins 17.4.17 microtubule organising centre mist nets p 14.3.11 Mg, plant nutrient 4.3.12 (MTOC) 8.5.2, 2.5.18 mistletoe, as parasite p 3.2.35 mice: knockout 11.4.24 microtubules 18.4.2, 8.4.6, 2.5.18, Mitchell, Peter 3.1.21 micelle d p 5.4.16, 5.2.18 6.3.2 mites 13.3.14, p 9.5.2, 5.3.38 micelles, cheese 15.4.36 microtubules in cytoskeleton 6.3.27 mitigation 18.3.14 microarrays 18.2.10 microtubules p 17.2.42, p 16.4.42, mitosis p 19.4.38, 18.4.34, 18.2.25 microarthropods 9.5.2 d15.4.20 mitochondria pd19.2.14, p18.1.16, Microbacterium leprae bacteria microtubules, in cell division 1.3.20 p13.4.42, 13.1.14, p13.1.22, p 13.5.32 microvilli, gut p 17.3.28 p10.3.22, p8.3.21, p7.4.8, microbes 19.1.16, 14.3.6 microvillus 7.1.28, p 7.1.23 p4.3.38, 3.1.21 microbes in blood 3.5.25 middle ear ossicles 3.1.16 mitochondria in flight muscle p3.5.29 microbes, fermentation as midge larva d 6.5.6 mitochondria in muscle 6.4.11,1.3.30 a product of 1.3.26 midge, biting p 14.3.11 mitochondria in muscle p 17.2.2 microbial biomass of soil 5.2.30 mifepristerone 13.2.6 mitochondria p 15.3.42 microbial biomass 1.4.35 migration 17.2.2 mitochondria, red colour 1.4.11,2.4.2 microbial enzymes 4.4.6 migration 9.5.18 mitochondria: in rat heart p 8.3.21 microbial film 1.4.35 migration, aphids 3.3.35 mitochondria: response to hormones microbial insecticides 11.5.2 migration, effect on allele frequency 8.3.21 microbial loop 9.5.2 15.4.7 mitochondrial code 8.1.14 microbial N fixation 1.4.2 migratory birds 10.5.23 mitochondrial DNA 11.4.10, 8.1.6 microbial proteins 11.4.6 migratory tendency 17.4.2 mitochondrial DNA, mtDNA 14.3.33 microbiologist, medical 17.2.30 mildew 2.3.23 mitochondrial DNA: forensic 8.3.7 microbiology 19.2.38 milk 16.3.2 mitochondrial DNA: maternal microbiology, agricultural 2.2.19 milk composition 10.1.32 inheritance 8.3.7 microbiology, cheese 15.4.36 milk composition, various mammals mitochondrial hypothesis 14.1.2 microcirculation 12.5.9, 7.3.19 17.3.28 mitosis 15.4.10, d14.4.37, 11.4.2, Microcoleus p 6.1.28 milk hygeine, career in 6.2.18 11.3.36, 11.2.11, pd8.5.2, 7.3.28, microcosm 16.1.10 milk 'let down' reflex 7.1.2 6.2.20, 7.1.18, d4.4.24, pd 1.3.20 microcystin-LR 13.5.28 milk pasteurisation 15.4.25 mitosis stages of d 2.5.18 microcystins 13.5.28 milk secretion 10.1.32 mitotic spindle 2.5.18 Microcystis aeruginosa 13.5.28 milk sugar 7.2.19 MKS units 16.2.30 Microcystis 13.5.28 milk yeild 7.4.34 MLSO, medical laboratory scientific microelectrode measurements milk 10.1.32, 7.1.2 officer 5.1.40, 1.3.36 8.2.34 milk, bottle versus breast 7.1.2 MMP, matrix metalloproteinases microfauna 9.5.2 milk, composition 17.1.30 15.1.2 microhabitat 12.4.31 milk-ejection reflex d 16.3.2 MMR vaccination p 14.4.27 microinjection of mRNA d 7.3.38 Millennium seed bank p 15.3.2 Mn, plant nutrient 4.3.12 microinjection of sheep egg p7.3.25 Miller, Stanley 11.3.2 Mo, plant nutrient 4.3.12 microinjection technique 15.2.39 millet 2.3.11 mobile phase 3.4.12 micronucleus 3.3.15 milling wheat grain 6.3.11 mobilisable plasmids 10.1.2 11.5.32, 5.3.31 millipede p 13.3.34, p 4.5.31 mobybdenum 4. 3.12, 1.4.2 micronutrients, function 4.3.12 Milstein, Cesar 6.2.20 mode 13.2.40, 8.1.39, 7.4.38 microorganismal integrity 19.2.38 mimic and model p 4.5.8 model organism 18.2.38, 1.2.12 migration, locust 19.1.6 mimicry p 17.3.25, 14.3.20 model system 2.2.19 mineralisation 19.1.16 mimicry 6.3.7, 3.2.35 moderation of exams 18.3.18 microorganisms 14.3.6 mimosa leaves (sensitive plant) mol, mole (chemistry) 18.3.18, microorganisms 19.4.2, 19.1.16, p 5.1.27, p 12.4.14 2.1.14, 1.2.22 12.3.8, 13.2.25, 12.1.14, 12.1.36, mineral availability in , molal solution 5.3.20 11.4.6 11.3.22, 11.1.20 soil acidity 1.1.24 molarity 5.3.20 microorganisms: agricultural 11.5.2 mineral particles, mole crickets, control in turf 7.3.7 microorganisms: water borne 3.5.28 iodine binding 6.2.14 mole rat: social structure d 9.2.15 micropipette d 7.3.38 mineralisation 5.2.30, 4.2.2 molecular basis of inheritance 1.2.12 micropropagated plants 4.5.25 minerals and plant yield 15.2.12 molecular clocks 10.2.10 micropropagation 5.3.31 minerals 12.5.38, 12.2.16 molecular damage, ageing 6.4.26 microrespirometer 1.1.30 mini-insulin 10.2.30 molecular evolution 10.2.10 microsatellites 17.1.6, minimum effective concentration molecular genetics 18.2.10 16.3.14, 16.3.7, 14.2.26 8.5.15 molecular modelling 5.3.7 microscope slide preparation 8.1.34 minimum population size 6.1.2 molecular recognition 6.1.31 microscopy, impression mould minisatellites 7.5.38 molecular trees 13.5.20

37 molecular variants, protein 7.4.38 Mount Fuji p 8.3.31 muscle red and white 2.4.2 mollusc projects 2.5.30 Mount McKinley National Park muscle skeletal 3.1.12 molluscicides 19.4.42,13.4.16, 13.5.24 muscle stimulation 1.3.30 1.2.10 Mount Saint Helens 1.1.36 muscle structure d 11.2.36 molluscs and disease 14.2.34 mountain gorilla 8.4.30 muscle twitch 1.3.30 molluscs, freshwater 14.2.34 mountain hare summer coat muscle use 18.2.2 molluscs 14.3.20, p 17.4.37 muscle wasting in diabetes p 4.4.2 3.2.30, 1.3.27 mountain sorrel 7.5.34 muscle 19.4.25, 19.3.21, 12.5.28, monarch butterfly p11.3.18 mountaineering 8.4.19 6.4.11, 1.3.30, 1.1.2 monarch butterfly larvae p 11.3.18 mounting 8.1.34 muscle, cardiac and smooth 2.4.2 monarch caterpillar p 17.2.24 mounting behaviour p 19.2.34 muscle, compared diesel engine Moncada, Salvador 8.5.38 mouse genetics 5.5.39 6.4.11 mongoose p 18.1.7 mouse, house 14.2.31 muscle, skeletal 2.4.2 monitoring conservation sites 6.4.33 movement 18.2.2, 12.5.28 muscle, structure 3.1.12 monitoring distribution 14.4.10 movement: plants 12.4.14 muscular dystrophy 8.3.2, 6.1.22 monitoring pollution, freshwater movement-detecting nerve cells mushroom production 5.4.27 2.4.40 6.5.26 mushrooms 3.1.4 monitoring 9.3.29 M-phase 11.4.2 musk oxen p 9.5.18 mono proteins 9.2.7 MRI, magnetic resonance imaging mussel adhesive protein 13.1.19 monoclonal antibody 18.4.38, p19.1.32, p14.3.24 mussel gill cilia p 6.3.2 17.3.37, 11.3.34, 9.2.7, mRNA 15.3.24, 12.5.22, 12.3.12, mussels p 6.3.2 d6.2.20,4.1.22,3.1.40,1.2.19 12.1.26, 11.3.2, 11.2.19, 8.1.14, mutagenesis 9.3.2 monoclonal antibody technology 7.4.34, 6.5.2, 5.1.20, 4.5.2, mutagenesis-based screening d 11.3.34, d 9.2.7, 5.4.40 2.3.15 d18.2.38 monocotyledon 2.3.31 mRNA, chloroplast 1.2.34 mutagens 18.2.10 monocytes 17.3.2, 17.1.18, 7.3.11, mRNA, microinjection 7.3.38 mutant fly embryo p 5.4.29 4.5.37 MRR method 16.3.14 mutant genes 5.2.15 Monodonta d 2.5.30 MRR, mark-release-recapture 6.3.19 mutant HIV 7.4.30 monoecious 1.5.29 MRSA p19.4.30 mutants of Brassica campestris monoglyceride 3.4.37 Mucins 15.2.24 4.1.32 monomer 17.2.21 mucins 5.3.2 mutants, period gene, Drosophila monooxygenases 10.3.15 mucle leverage 2.4.2 2.2.2 monooxygenases, detoxifying action mucosa 3.4.37 mutation 18.4.21, 17.3.14, 16.3.10, 2.1.35 mucous surfaces, bacterial entry 15.4.7, 15.2.9, 11.3.36, 10.2.33, monophyletic 11.5.24 d 7.3.2 8.4.2, 4.1.12 monosaccharides 7.1.28, 5.4.16 mucus d 15.2.24 mutation, gain / loss of function monosomy 4.4.24 mucus in guts 5.1.2 diseases 6.1.22 monotremes, milk 16.3.2 mucus 5.3.2, 3.5.29, 2.2.9 mutation, HIV 14.1.37 monounsaturated d 5.5.20 mud snails Hydrobia p 3.5.10 mutation, point 2.3.15 Monsanto biotechnology 4.4.8 Muller, August 9.4.29 mutation: missense 10.2.10 monthly rhythms 7.4.2 Mullerian mimicry 14.3.20, 13.3.2, mutation: neutral 10.2.10 moorland 18.1.11 11.3.18, 10.5.31 mutation: nonsense 10.2.10 moorland management 18.2.14 Mullis, Kay, on PCR mutation: synonymous 10.2.10 moose / elk p 13.5.24 16.3.10, p4.3.23 mutations and ROS 14.3.33 moral autonomy 13.3.26 multi locus probing 7.5.38 mutations: nematodes 13.5.20 morbidity 15.1.29 multicellular epithelia 7.1.23 mutlinuclear cells 3.3.15 Morgan T.H., geneticist 18.2.10 multi-enzyme complex 1.5.16 mutualism 18.4.18, 3.4.30, 3.2.35 morphine 2.4.9, 1.5.2 multiple bonds 10.2.15 mutualistic microorganisms 13.4.29 morphogenesis 6.5.2 multiple choice questions 1.3.15 myasthenia gravis 19.4.25, 8.3.2, morphogens 5.4.2 multiple myeloma 7.1.35 8.2.7 morphological features 11.5.24 multiple splicing 18.2.10 mycelium p 13.3.19, 5.4.27, 2.2.12 mortality 15.1.19, 4.1.2, 1.2.25 multiple sclerosis 9.1.36 mycetoma 11.1.27 morula 6.4.2, 2.1.2 multiplying/dividing in exams 6.4.38 mycobacterial infections in AIDS mosaicism 10.5.11 MUP, major urinary protein p 6.1.31 14.4.21 mosquito net p15.1.29 Murphy's Law 7.2.19 Mycobacterium 14.1.22 mosquitoes p 16.3.31, p 7.2.7, Mus domesticus 14.2.31 Mycobacterium bovis 14.1.30 4.3.2, 3.1.25 Musca domestica 1.5.22 Mycobacterium leprae Leprosy moss 7.5.34, p 6.5.30 muscarine 11.4.30 15.3.24, 13.5.32 mosses, Antarctic p 3.1.7, 3.1.32 muscle biopsy p 17.1.10 Mycobacterium tuberculosis moth, in control of bracken 1.1.36 muscle contraction 19.2.30, 2.4.2 p15.4.25, 14.4.21, p 14.1.30, motor cortex 12.5.28 muscle contraction, Calcium 3.1.12 13.5.32, p 12.2.2, p.8.2.2 motor cortex: primary 12.5.28 muscle dysfunction 11.2.36 mycoprotein 17.1.24, 3.1.40, 2.2.12 motor cortex: supplementary 12.5.28 muscle fatigue 1.1.24 mycorrhizal fungi, magnolia 5.1.30 motor end plate 19.4.25 muscle fibres p 17.1.10, 2.4.2 mycorrhizas 19.1.16, p18.2.42, motor neurone disease 18.3.6 muscle filaments 2.4.2 p3.4.30 motor units 6.4.11 muscle fuel 6.2.2 mycoses pd17.1.24 moult 15.4.15 muscle mass, increase 15.2.2 mycoses: treatment 11.1.27 moulting 17.4.37 muscle paralysis 8.2.7 mycotoxins 17.1.24 Mount Everest 8.4.19 muscle physiology 8.3.2

38 myelin sheath 19.2.7, 15.1.26, National Park ranger, career 3.3.6 net primary production (NPP) p5.5.20 National River Authority (see also 9.4.9, 5.2.30 myelomas 6.2.20 Environment Agency) net, stream p 3.1.25 myiasis 7.5.26 12.4.23, 9.1.25, 2.4.40 network oscillators 1.3.2 mynah bird p19.2.14, p16.2.24 National Trust 6.4.33 neural code 4.3.26 myocardial infarction 18.1.21, Natronococcus 9.2.2 neural works 12.1.36 13.2.2, 2.3.35 natterjack toad p 14.2.26 neurochemical transmitters 1.5.2 myocardium 10.1.25 natural attenuation 11.3.22 neurocrine 5.3.25 myoepithelial cells 10.1.32 Natural History Museum 12.3.35 neurodegeneration 9.1.36 myofibrils 11.2.36, 3.1.12 natural selection 19.1.24, 17.3.25, neurodegenerative diseases and NO myofilaments 11.2.36 17.2.13, 16.2.24, 14.1.19, 14.4.18 myoglobin 16.4.2, 11.2.36, 6.3.14, 11.3.18, 10.5.31, 10.2.10, 5.1.30, neuroendocrine control of gut 3.4.37 6.1.6, 1.4.30 4.5.8, 1.2.30 neuroendocrine reflex, milk 16.3.2 myoglobin, iron in d 6.1.16 nature conservation 6.4.33 neuroendocrine 5.3.25 myoglobin, red muscle 2.4.2 nature or nurture debate 6.5.26 neurofibrillar tangles p 5.3.28 myometrium 6.4.2 nature reserves 19.2.26 neuroglia 9.1.36 myopia 9.4.29 Naval Medicine, Institute of 3.4.25 neurohypophysis 5.3.25, 2.4.21 myosin ATPase 17.1.10 Necator 4.3.2 neurology 11.3.40 myosin 19.4.25, d11.2.36, 8.3.2, necrosis 12.3.28, d 9.3.2 neuromuscular junction d 8.2.7 3.1.12, 2.4.2 nectar 2.1.33 theory 5.1.35 myosin, in amoebae 2.2.6 needle biopsy 12.2.22 neuronal degeneration 5.3.28 myriapods 13.4.29 negative association 14.3.38 neurone, Fluorescence microscopy myrosinase 12.1.18 negative feedback 17.2.2, 12.5.18, p 16.1.42 Mytilus galloprovincalis p 13.1.19 12.5.2 neurone: false colour p 13.3.10 N cycle in pond biofilter Eden project negative feedfack, ADH 2.4.21 neurones 19.1.32, 18.3.2,12.5.28, d15.3.2 negative staining 19.4.6, 13.2.32 12.3.28, 9.1.36, 8.4.26, 1.3.2 N/D 18.4.28 neglected diseases 14.1.22 neuropathy, diabetes 15.2.30 N fertilizer 15.3.16 Neisseria gonorrhoea 12.2.28 neuropeptides 11.2.23 N fixation 1.4.2 Neker and Sakmann 7.3.38 neuroscience 19.1.32, 12.5.28 N in animal feed 17.4.6 nematocysts, stinging cells 6.2.7 neurosecretion, of ADH 2.4.21 N level increase in plants exposed nematode cysts: potato roots neurosecretory vesicles p 16.1.42 to pollution 3.5.2 p 9.5.36 neurotoxin 16.2.33 N-(4hydroxyphenyl) acetamide nematode damage to plants 9.5.36 neurotransmitter chemical 13.3.10 10.3.15 nematode diversity 13.5.20 neurotransmitter molecules 8.2.7 N, plant nutrient 4.3.12 nematode growth, zero gravity 3.1.4 neurotransmitter receptors 5.1.35 N2O and ozone 2.2.27 nematode infection: animals 13.5.20 neurotransmitter release 5.1.35 Na+K-ATPase 7.1.28 nematode infection: humans 13.5.20 neurotransmitter storage 5.1.35 Na-K pump 19.2.30 nematode larva p19.2.2 neurotransmitter synthesis 5.1.35 NAATs, nucleic acid amplification nematode life cycle d 13.5.20 neurotransmitters 16.2.33, 12.5.28, tests 17.1.34 nematode morphology d 13.5.20 12.1.28, 11.4.30, 11.1.6, 7.3.38, N-acetyl galactosamine 5.3.2 nematode parasites 9.5.36, 4.3.2 5.1.35, 3.4.37, 2.2.20, 1.5.2, 1.3.2 N-acetyl glucosamine 5.3.2 nematode resistant crops: neurotrophins 9.1.36 NAD 18.2.6, 8.1.20, 5.2.25, 1.5.16, genetically engineered 9.5.36 neurtransmitter, NO as 14.4.18 p1.1.30 nematode structure 4.3.2 neutral drift 16.2.24 NAD - malic enzyme 12.1.2 nematode, biocontrol p 7.3.7 neutralist theory of evolution, NAD+ 1.1.30 nematodes p 15.3.13, 14.1.22, invalidity of 1.2.30 NAD+/NADH correction 1.2.1, 1.2.6 13.5.20, p 11.1.20, 9.5.2, 9.5.36, neutrophils p19.4.34, 17.3.2, NADH coenzymes 6.2.2 7.3.7, 4.5.37 17.2.21, p 7.4.21, 4.5.37 NADH 8.3.21, 5.2.25, 1.1.30 Neo-Darwinism 17.4.2 New Zealand flatworms p 8.4.11 NADP 14.2.11, 9.3.32 neonatal hearing screening 19.3.27 New Zealand pygmyweed 6.1.25 NADPH 9.3.32, 5.2.25, 1.1.30 neophobia 14.2.31, 2.4.39 newt populations: ecology 11.5.5 NADPH/NADP ratio 7.2.19 Nepenthes p 2.5.7 Newtons 3.3.40 naked amoebae 2.2.6 nephron d16.2.2, d13.4.36, newts: conservation 11.5.5 naked mole rat p9.2.15 2.4.21, 1.3.7 NFT, nutrient film technique 4.3.12 name 12.2.39 nerve cells, toxins 16.2.33 NHS biomedical scientist, job nanometre 14.2.38 nerve growth factor 7.1.18 17.2.30 nanoplankton p 16.2.42 nerve impulse 13.3.10, 1.3.2 NIAB, National Institute of Napier, John 3.5.17 nerve impulse, effect of Agricultural Botany 7.1.32 narcotic 1.5.2 pesticides 2.1.35 niche overlap 11.4.18 narrow-spectrum insecticide 6.4.7 nervous system 19.2.7, p12.5.2 niche, ecological 18.1.7, 13.4.29, NASA 11.3.2 nervous system, leech d 1.3.2 12.4.31, 12.1.6, 5.5.30 nastic movement 12.4.14 nervous system, electrical activity Nicotiana tabacum National Cancer Institute 6.5.14 1.3.2 p 13.3.10, 10.1.14 National Centre for Biotechnology nervous system: autonomic 11.4.30 Nicotiana, fungicide 2.3.23 Education, NCBE 3.1.40 nest building 17.2.13 nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide National Health Service, careers nest of alligator p 7.1.7, 1.2.2 phosphate - see NADP 6.5.22, 3.1.2 nest, honeybee 16.4. 23 nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide national nature reserve, warden net ecosystem production 3.3.2 see NAD 3.3.6 nicotine 10.1.14

39 nif genes in diazotrophs 1.4.2 5.3.7, 4.5.20, 4.4.21, 2.4.35, nucleus p18.1.16, p15.3.42, 3.3.15 nifedipine 13.2.6 1.1.12 nucleus, cells without 3.3.15 Nile perch 14.1.10 NO and acid rain 14.4.18 nudibranchs p 14.3.20 ninhydrin 3.4.12, 1.1.19 NO and N fixation 14.4.18 Nuffield Science Bursary Scheme Niphargus, cave ampipod p 17.1.38 NO from endothelial cells 14.4.18 17.1.14 Nirenberg, Marshall 8.1.14 NO, nitric acid 14.4.18 null hypothesis 18.3.18 nisin 11.3.10 NO2, nitrous oxide, laughing gas number crunching 16.4.38 nitrate absorption p 4.2.2 14.4.18 number problems 5.5.24 nitrate contamination 4.4.12 Nobel prize 7.3.38, 7.1.35 numeracy, for career 2.1.39 nitrate problem 4.2.2 6.2.20, 5.1.35, 3.1.21, 4.4.2 numerical calculations 13.5.10 nitrate reductase, in uptake of nodules in roots of legumes Nuremburg code of 1945 12.2.36 nitrate from soil 3.2.35 p16.4.2, p 4.2.2, p 1.4.2 nurse bees 2.1.33 nitrate: triple-barrelled p 8.2.34 nomads 2.3.11 nurse, student, career 16.4.21 nitrates 13.2.25, 12.3.8 Nomarski optics p 4.2.21 nursing 14.2.19 nitric acid 13.2.10 nomenclature 13.3.34, 8.3.34 nursing degree 16.4.21 nitric oxide and blood flow d 8.5.38 non-adrenergic non-cholinergic nutrasweet 5.1.22 nitric oxide cycle d 8.5.38 (NANC) transmission 11.4.30 nutrient cycles: human influence nitric oxide radicals 7.4.21 non-coding DNA 16.3.7, 5.5.2 9.4.9 nitric oxide synthase (NOS) 8.5.38 non-disjunction d 10.5.11 nutrient cycling d 9.5.2 nitric oxide, NO 14.4.18, 13.1.32, non-invasive examinations 4.5.20 nutrient cycling by microbes 8.5.38 non-invasive technique, NMR 2.4.35 in soil 5.2.30 nitric oxide, NO, and ozone 2.2.27 non-random mating 15.4.7 nutrient cycling: ecosystems 9.4.9 nitric oxide: antibacterial defence non-renewable resources 4.1.28 nutrient cycling: measuring 9.4.9 d 8.5.38 non-shivering thermogenesis 17.2.2, nutrient cycling: tundra 9.5.18 nitrification d19.1.16, 13.5.25, 4.2.2 1.4.11 nutrient depletion zone, root 14.3.6 nitrifying bacteria 4.2.2 non-specific immune system nutrient film technique 4.3.12 nitrite 8.5.38 17.1.18, 5.5.15 nutrient flow through ecosystems Nitrobacter 4.2.2 non-starch polysaccharides 9.3.16 d 6.5.6 nitrogen capture 9.4.38 non-target organism 6.4.7, 2.1.35 nutrient limitation 15.3.33 nitrogen cycle d 17.4.6, d 13.2.25, noradrenaline release d 11.4.30 nutrient recycling 14.4.31 4.2.2, 1.4.2 noradrenaline 18.3.21, 13.3.10, nutrient uptake 7.2.16 nitrogen cycle: problems 12.4.29, 11.4.30, 5.1.35, 4.1.19, nutrition 13.4.9, 12.2.16 7.4.38, 13.2.25 1.5.2, 1.4.11 nutrition for sport 6.2.2 nitrogen dioxide inhibits plant normal blood pressure 9.5.14 nutrition project 4.1.32 growth 3.5.2 normal distribution nutrition science 2.5.22 nitrogen dioxide 9.4.32, 8.5.38 13.2.40, 13.1.30, 7.4.38 nutrition, animal 3.2.11 nitrogen excretion: amphibia 8.5.27 norplant contraceptive 7.2.10 nutrition: poultry 11.4.14 nitrogen excretion: animals 8.5.27 North American river otter p 8.2.12 nutritionally improved crops 15.1.10 nitrogen excretion: vertebrates North West Water 8.5.17 nymphs 19.1.6, 13.4.29, 10.4.18, d 8.5.27 northern elephant seal 3.1.25 nitrogen fixation 19.1.16, 14.4.18, p16.2.24, p1.4.30 oak tree p 12.5.18 13.3.30, 13.2.25, 10.2.2, 4.2.2, Norway spruce 13.2.10 oakwood p 4.5.31 1.4.2 nose 7.5.2 obesity 18.4.10, 15.3.30, 10.1.17, nitrogen fixation in symbioses 7.4.8 Nottinghamshire Wildlife Trust 9.2.33, 3.1.36 nitrogen fixing bacteria in 12.2.31 obesity and heart disease 18.1.21 root nodules 3.4.30 novel antibodies 13.5.28 obesity gene p18.4.10, 9.2.33 nitrogen fixing legumes 4.1.28 novopen injector p15.2.30 obesity related diseases 10.1.17 nitrogen in plant cells 8.2.34 novovym 12.5.26 obesity treatment 10.1.17 nitrogen mustard 6.5.14 N-terminal 7.1.35, 5.4.10 obesity, rats p 1.4.11 nitrogen narcosis 1.4.30 Nucella p 2.5.30 obesity: causes 10.1.17 nitrogen oxides 13.4.21, 13.2.10 nuclear lamina 3.3.15 obesity: health risks 10.1.17 nitrogen production: plants 10.2.2 nuclear magnetic resonance - objective lens 19.3.34 nitrogen 13.2.10, 9.1.22, 8.2.34 see NMR objectives of a study nitrogen, limiting factor 1.1.15 nuclear pores p 3.3.15 16.2.1213.1.36, 13.2.32 nitrogenase 11.5.2, 1.4.2 nuclear reprogramming 15.2.39 obligate anaerobic bacteria Nitrogen-fixing bacteria nuclear spin and NMR 2.4.35 in human gut 1.2.12 13.5.29, 11.5.2 nuclear transfer 18.3.6, 15.2.39 obligate intracellular pathogen Nitrogen-fixing nodules on nucleation of centrosome 2.5.18 13.5.32 clover roots p 13.5.29 nucleic acid degradation in obstetrics 8.2.27 nitrogen metabolism 18.4.7 lysosomes 3.2.21 occupational diseases 14.4.27 nitrogenous waste 17.4.6 nucleic acid metabolism 8.5.27 occupational therapy 10.5.36 Nitrosomonas 4.2.2 nucleic acid synthesis 11.5.18 oceanic biomass,C reservoir 3.3.2 nitrous oxide and ozone 2.2.27 nucleic acid 13.4.2 odorant molecules 6.1.31 nitrous oxide 8.4.16, 8.2.34 nucleolus p 3.3.15 oedema 13.1.2, 9.4.29, 7.5.22 nitrous oxide, laughing gas, NO2 nucleosomes 6.5.2, 3.3.15 oedema, pulmonary p16.1.36 14.4.18 nucleotide base sequences 2.2.2 oesophagoscope 9.4.6 nits p 4.1.37 nucleotides 16.3.10, 12.5.22, oestradiol d14.1.15, 13.3.37 NMAS address 14.2.19 4.2.25, 2.3.15 oestrogen 19.2.34, d14.1.2, 13.2.2 NMR nuclear magnetic resonance nucleotides: base pairing d 9.4.24 d7.2.10, 7.1.2, 3.2.13, 6.4.2

40 oestrogen mimics 18.4.42 organ replacement 18.3.6 overcrowding, effect on growth oestrogen and osteoporosis 5.5.11 organelles p18.1.16, 14.2.38 3.1.25 oestrogen receptor, ER 14.1.15 organelles isolation 4.1.15 over-cultivation 2.3.11 oestrogenic chemicals 14.1.15, organelles, cell 2.5.18 over-fishing 2.2.15, 1.2.25 8.1.12 organic chemistry 16.2.15 over-grazing 2.3.11 oestrus 19.2.34 organic compounds overload of iron 6.1.16 oestrous cycle, horse 15.2.21 13.5.10, 11.3.22, 10.2.15 overproduction, crops, OI, osteogenesis imperfecta organic farming 4.1.28 in Europe 6.5.16 p 6.4.35 organic nutrients 5.3.31 overwintering ladybirds 18.1.28 oil palms 9.1.17, 1.4.28 organic pollution 9.1.25 oviraptor nest p 17.2.13 oil pollution p 6.1.28, 2.1.10 organic waste, recycling 4.1.28 ovulation, human p 14.1.2, 3.2.13 oils 9.1.17 organic waste, response of ovulation d19.2.34, p11.2.15 oilseed rape sea-bed organisms 2.1.10 ovulatory phase 13.3.37 p9.1.17, p6.5.16, p4.1.32 organochlorines 3.3.30, 2.1.35 ovum 11.2.15 oldest human p 14.3.33 organophosphorus insecticide owl pellet 3.4.37 olfactory chambers 7.5.2 2.1.35, 1.5.22 owl, barn p 2.4.6 olfactory nerves 7.5.2 orientation, limpets shell shape, owl, barn, decline 2.4.6 oligonucleotide 4.3.23, 1.3.17 factors affecting 2.5.30 owl, tawny p 4.1.2 oligosaccharides d 15.2.24, 9.3.16, Origin of Species, The 1.2.30 oxacillin 12.1.36 9.2.30 ornithine cycle 17.4.6, 11.1.34, oxaloacetic acid 1.2.6 oligosaccharides, mucus 5.3.2 d8.5.27 Oxford University Museum of oligotrophic lake 8.5.32 ornithology 10.5.23 Natural History 10.5.23 oligotrophic lakes 15.3.33 ORP d 14.1.7 oxidants in cigarette smoke 2.5.24 olives 9.1.17 orphan diseases 14.1.22 oxidation 4.3.38 omega fatty acids 18.1.21 orthontics 7.4.26 oxidation and reduction 5.2.25 Onchocerca 14.1.22, 4.3.2 orthopaedics 11.3.40 oxidation of carbohydrates 15.3.37 Onchocerciasis 14.1.22, 7.2.7 orthoptics, career 3.1.2 oxidation of glucose d 16.2.15 Onchorhynchus 13.3.29 orthoses 10.4.38 oxidation state 16.4.2 oncogenes 16.1.26, 10.4.2, 7.4.6, orthotics 10.4.38 oxidative phosphorylation 10.3.22, 4.1.22, 1.3.20, 1.3.38, 11.1.38, orthotics, career in 6.4.24 10.1.25, d 6.1.12, 4.3.38, 1.2.6, 11.3.36 oscillator 18.3.2 1.1.30 oncogenic 12.2.8 oscillator network 1.3.2 oxidative stress 14.3.33 Oncomelania 14.2.34 Oscillatoria p 15.3.33 oxidoreductases 15.1.2, 12.1.31 oncomouse 7.4.34 osmolality and osmolarity 5.3.20 oxygen accumulation over onions p 17.3.7 osmoreceptors in geological time d 3.5.19 oocyte 14.1.2, 11.2.15 hypothalamus 5.3.20 oxygen binding curves – oogenesis 4.4.24 osmo-receptors in brain 2.4.21 see oxygen disocciation curves Oostvaardersplassen 18.1.11 osmoregulation 16.2.2, 1.3.7 oxygen binding,haemoglobin 1.4.30 open top chambers, air pollution osmoregulation, pituitary oxygen carrying, blood 3.2.25 research p 4.5.28, 1.1.15 gland 2.4.21 oxygen consumption 14.3.20 osmosis 12.4.11, 13.1.14, p17.1.10, d 6.1.6 operons 12.5.22 12.5.9, 10.1.25, 9.2.18, 8.3.38, oxygen consumption, relative to Ophiothrix p 2.4.32 7.3.13, 2.4.18 mass d 6.1.2 opportunisitc infection 19.2.38, osmotic concentration, urine, oxygen cycle 3.5.19 7.3.35 plasma 2.4.21 oxygen debt 19.2.14, 14.2.7, 6.1.6 opportunistic infections in AIDS osmotic diarrhoea 3.4.19 oxygen demand 1.4.35 14.4.21 osmotic energy 3.1.21 oxygen depletion by Kariba weed OPs 2.1.35, 1.5.22 osmotic gradient 7.1.28 17.2.39 opsin d19.3.28, 5.4.2 osmotic potential 1.3.7, 1.1.27 oxygen diffusion rate 14.2.11 opsonins 5.5.15 osmotic pressure 13.1.2 oxygen dissociation curve for opthalmoscope 17.4.30 osteoblasts 2.1.25 haemoglobin d 6.3.14, 3.2.25 optic nerve 8.2.30 osteoclasts 2.1.25 oxygen dissociation curve for optical sections 13.1.36 osteoclasts, aggregations 3.3.15 myoglobin d6.3.14 optical sensor d 15.4.32 osteogenesis imperfecta 6.4.35 oxygen dissociation curves d 16.4.2, optimal design 17.4.2, 5.1.30 osteomalacia 5.5.11, 2.3.2 d 16.1.15, 12.5.18, 7.5.22, 1.4.30 optimality 7.2.31 osteomyelitis 7.5.26 oxygen electrode 15.4.32 Opuntia 6.4.7 osteons p 8.1.27 oxygen gradient 11.1.14 oral contraceptives p 7.2.10 osteopathy, career 3.1.2 oxygen partial pressure 1.4.30 oral disc 6.2.7 osteoporosis p14.1.2, 12.3.25 oxygen pools d3.5.19 oral rehydration therapy d 14.1.7 11.4.14, 11.2.15, 8.1.27, 5.5.11 oxygen production in photosynthesis oral thrush p 14.4.21, p 11.1.27 ostracoderms 11.3.25 3.5.19 orang utan p 17.2.34 otoacoustic emissions 19.3.27 oxygen stores, diving mammals orbweb p 3.3.9 otter conservation 8.2.12 1.4.30 orchids 2.1.7 otters 8.2.12 oxygen supply to roots orf virus 19.4.6 otters: habitat destruction 8.2.12 7.2.16, 6.5.30 organ culture, plants 2.2.36 Ottoia p 4.4.31 oxygen transmissibility 9.4.29 organ of Corti d 3.1.16 outbreeder crops 7.3.32 oxygen uptake, VO2 6.2.2 organ transplantation from ovarian cyst p 16.1.2 oxygen 13.3.30, 13.2.25, 13.1.2 GE pigs 7.4.34 ovary 13.2.6, 3.2.13 oxygen, damage by 6.4.26

41 oxygen, dissolved, different papermaking 6.3.30 pasteurisation 15.4.36, 15.4.25, temperatures d 3.1.25 papilloma virus life cycle d 12.2.8 1.4.25, 1.3.26, 5.3.10 oxygen, effect on diazotrophs 1.4.2 papilloma virus p 12.2.8, 4.1.22 Pasteurised milk 14.1.30 oxygenase reaction, Rubisco 5.4.30 PAR, photosynthetically active pastryland p 6.3.7 oxygenases 3.5.19 radiation 15.2.12 Patella, limpet p 2.5.30 oxytocin 16.3.2, 7.1.2, 6.4.2, 2.4.21 Paracentrotus 2.4.32 patent agent, career as 7.2.14 oxytocin release d 10.1.32 Paracetamol 14.2.14, 10.3.15 patents 7.2.14 oysters, tributyltin 13.5.7 paracetamol and liver damage paternity assignment 10.5.2 ozone and plant productivity 2.2.27 d 7.1.38 paternity testing 16.4.8, 16.3.10 ozone hole, Antarctica paracetamol poisoning 13.3.22 pathogen 19.4.14, 19.3.38, 19.3.7, p 3.5.19, p 2.2.27 paracetamol poisoning: antidote 15.1.26, 12.2.2, 8.1.31 ozone inhibits plant growth 3.5.2 d 10.3.15 pathogen, of crop pests 17.4.17 ozone injury 8.4.16 paracetamol: reactions in the body pathogenic 9.4.29 ozone layer 10.1.7, 2.2.27 d 10.3.15 pathogenic bacteria 7.3.2 ozone 13.2.10, 9.4.32, 8.4.16, paracrine regulation 7.1.23 pathogenic E. coli 1.2.12 2.2.27, 1.1.15 paracrine 5.3.25 pathogenic fungi 17.1.24, 2.2.19 ozone: human health 8.4.16 paradise flycatcher: male p 11.1.30 pathogenic fungi, plant ozone-destruction 3.3.2 paradoxical sleep 3.3.11 4.1.8, 4.1.32 P wave 10.1.21 parahydroxyphenylglycine 5.5.34 pathogenicorganisms in sewage P, plant nutrient 4.3.12 Paramecium movement 4.3.26 1.4.35 P. fluorescens 14.3.6 Paramecium 12.4.31, p 6.1.2, p pathogens, as pollutants 2.1.10 p53 tumour suppression gene 5.5.30, p 5.2.30 pathogens: Mycobacterium leprae 14.4.37 paramedical careers 6.4.24, 3.1.2 13.5.32 pacemaker 19.3.21 parapatric speciation 8.5.7 pathology, career in 5.1.40 pacemaker cells 18.2.34 parapox virus, squirrel 16.2.8, pattern and intensity genes 5.4.35 pacemaker in sea hare 18.3.2 10.4.30 pattern development, Turing 2.2.36 pacemaker neurones 1.3.2 parasite 19.3.42, p 19.2.2, 16.3.31, pattern formation 5.4.29 pacemakers: artificial d 8.1.2 16.3.21, 14.2.34, 4.5.37 pattern recognition, enhance pacemakers: natural 8.1.2 parasite (leech) 1.3.17 selectivity of sensor 15.4.32 pachytene p 4.4.24 parasite, malarial 19.1.24 patterns and trends 18.3.18 Pacific salmon 13.3.29 parasite, Paragonimus 15.2.6 patterns in biology 15.1.6 Pacini, Filippo 12.3.33 parasites of aphids 16.4.28 PAX6 gene: anatomy p 8.3.14 pacinian corpuscle d12.3.33 parasites: nematodes PCBs 11.3.22 packed-be reactors 4.3.29 13.5.20, 9.5.36, 4.3.2 PCBs, bioaccumulation d 2.1.35 paediatrics 11.3.40 parasites: schistosomes 13.4.16 PCBs, polychlorinated biphenyls PAHs 11.3.22 parasites: skin 13.3.14 14.3.6 pain 19.2.7 parasitic louse-fly p 10.5.23 PCP pentachlorophenol 3.3.30 paint, lead-based, toxicity 2.1.30 parasitic plant, Rafflesia 5.1.7 PCR, polymerase chain reaction palaeomagnetism 8.4.30 parasitic plants 3.2.35 18.3.38, 17.1.6, pd16.3.10, palaeobotany 19.3.38 parasitic protozoans 6.3.27 15.3.13, 14.2.26, 11.4.10, 11.1.2 palaeontology 19.1.42, 2.5.11 parasitic ticks 14.3.2 d 11.1.18, 10.3.12, 9.2.2, 9.2.18, palmate newt 11.5.5 parasitism 4.3.2, 3.2.35 8.2.2, 4.3.23 palp, male spider d 3.3.9 parasitoid of crop pests 17.4.17 PCR, to detect virus 17.3.37 pameton 10.3.15 parasitoid wasp p 16.4.28 peacock worms p 6.3.2 Pan p 15.3.13 parasympathetic nervous system Peak Cavern 17.1.38 Panadol 14.2.14 (PSNS) 18.3.21, 12.5.2, 11.4.30, peas and ozone p 2.2.27 pancreas 13.5.2, d 3.5.37, 2.1.16 5.2.27 peas, genetics 3.3.33 pancreas d 15.2.30, d 14.2.14, paraventricular nucleus 2.4.21 peas, round and wrinkled 18.4.34 p 9.3.24 parenchyma 6.3.30 3.3.33 pancreas extracts 4.4.2 parental analysis 17.1.6 peat alternatives 12.3.19 pancreas: structure parental care 17.2.13 peat bog conservation 11.1.20 d13.5.2, d9.3.24, p8.1.34 Parkinson's disease 12.4.29, peat bogs 3.1.32 pancreatic acinar cell d15.1.22, 12.5.28, 9.3.2, 9.1.36, 7.4.21, peat core p 6.2.34, 1.1.15 p13.5.2 5.3.28 peat cutting p 3.1.32 pancreatic amylase 3.4.37 PARP-1 and DNA repair 14.3.33 peat extraction 12.3.19 pancreatic enzymes 9.3.24 parr 13.3.29, 6.3.22 peat formation d 10.1.10 pancreatic juice 9.3.24 parrier proteins p 6.1.31 peat habitat 12.3.19 pancreatitis 13.5.2, 9.3.24 pars intermedia, pituitary 5.3.25 Peat Producers Association 12.3.19 pandas p 19.2.26 parthenogenesis 16.4. 23, p 3.3.35 peat 12.3.19, p 10.1.10, 4.3.12 pandemic 17.3.37 partial pressure oxygen 16.1.15 peat's uses 12.3.19 Pandora neoaphidis, fungus, life partial pressure 11.1.14 Pecten maximus 1.2.25 cycle 17.4.17 particle separation 4.1.15 pectinase 19.3.10 panting 17.2.2 particle size, flow rate 3.1.25 pectins 8.4.6, 4.2.27, 4.1.8, 3.3.22 pap smear 11.4.38 partition chromatography 3.4.12 pedigree 5.4.35 papain 1.5.16, 5.3.38 pascalisation 12.2.25 pedigree diagram d 9.3.21 Papanicolaou, George 11.4.38 passengers, ligands as 1.4.18 pedigree of cystic fibrosis d 4.4.18 paper chromatography 3.4.12 Passive immunity 6.2.20 pedipalps 18.3.26 paper production 6.3.30 Pasteur effect 8.1.20 peduncles 12.4.14 paper:electron microscope p12.5.26 Pasteur, Louis 4.5.25, 1.3.26 pellagra 14.4.27, p 11.5.32

42 peltigera p 1.4.2 permeability, nerve cells 1.3.2 phenotype 15.2.9, 9.3.10, 7.3.32, pelvic inflammatory disease 12.1.22 permethrin 10.2.23, 3.3.30 2.5.2, 5.4.35 penetrance 16.4.8 peroxisome 5.4.30 phenotypic adaptations 10.5.18 penguins p 3.1.7 Perthshire squirrels 16.2.8 phenotypic plasticity 13.5.16 penicillin (original plate) p 2.3.26 pertussis vaccines: new 10.4.11 phenoxy acids 1.4.23 penicillin 19.4.30, 18.1.38, 12.1.36, pertussis whole-cell vaccine 10.4.11 phenylalanine 508 in CFTR protein 11.5.18, 1.2.12 pertussis 10.4.11 4.4.18 Penicillium 18.1.38 pest control 18.1.7, 17.4.17, phenylalanine hydroxylase 14.2.14 Penicillium camemberti 15.4.36 15.1.10, 6.4.7, 2.1.35, 1.5.22 phenylalanine, production capsaicin Penicillium chrysogenum 12.1.36, pest control Eden project 15.3.2 2.4.9 p 8.5.35 pest control, locust 19.1.6 phenylephrine 18.3.21 Penicillium notatum 12.1.36,11.5.18 pest management 15.3.16 phenylketonuria (PKU) 14.2.14, Penicillium roqueforti 15.4.36 Pest Management, Integrated 12.4.29, 1.3.38 Pennines 1.1.15 14.2.31 pheromone 19.1.6, 18.3.26, 18.1.28, Pennington report: pesticide resistance 6.4.7 16.4. 23, 12.2.6, 11.5.11, 13.2.28 recommendations 10.3.9 pesticides 18.1.7, 16.1.21, 14.2.31, pheromone mimic, bee orchid Pennington, Hugh 10.3.9 12.3.2 2.1.7 pentose phosphate pathway 1.1.30 pests and diseases of snail 6.3.39 pheromone trap p 9.3.29 pentoses 5.4.16 pests and weeds from hedgerows pheromone, queen bee 2.1.33 PEP carboxylase 10.2.18, 5.4.30 16.4.28 pheromone: shore crab 13.5.7 peppered moth 14.1.19, p 10.5.31 pests of deep water rice 1.4.6 pheromones, alarm, aphid 3.3.35 p 6.3.7, p 3.5.2, p 1.2.30 pests, plants, aphids p 3.3.35 pheromones: insect 9.3.29 pepsin 15.4.36, 5.4.10, 3.4.37 PET positron emission tomography pheromones: lugworm spawning pepsinogen 5.4.10, 3.4.37 p16.3.42 13.5.7 peptidase inhibitors 5.4.10 PET scan p19.2.7, p14.3.24 pheromones: ragworm 13.5.7 peptidases 5.4.10 PET, polyethylene terphthalate Philadelphia chromosome peptides 9.5.39, 5.4.7, 3.4.37 4.2.35 10.4.40, 1.3.20 peptide bonds 16.1.15, petrochemicals 9.1.7 Philodina p 6.3.2 10.4.32, 10.1.36, 5.1.20 petrol 10.1.10 phloem p 14.1.42, p13.1.14, peptide hormone 15.2.2, 15.3.30, petroselinic acid 11.5.39 7.1.13, 7.1.35, 5.2.2, 6.3.30 10.2.30, 2.4.21 Pfizer's Chymax 10.5.29 phloem feeding 3.3.35 peptide pheromones: barnacles PGA 5.4.30 phocine distemper virus p 17.3.37 13.5.7 pH 18.3.34, 12.5.2, 8.2.24, 1.4.16, Pholas 7.4.28 peptide sequencing 15.3.13 1.1.24 pholasin 7.4.28 peptide wound signal 5.1.27 pH electrode 15.4.32 phosphatases 17.4.13, 13.1.22 peptidoglycan, bacterial coat 2.3.26 pH in digestion 3.4.37 phosphate 12.3.8, 6.1.12, 2.2.20 peptidyl transferase centre 9.4.24 ph optimum 5.4.10 phosphate in photosynthesis 1.2.34 Pepys, Samuel 11.2.32 pH, maintaining acid pH 17.2.21 phosphate removal by Al 3.4.27 percentage cover 10.5.6 pH: acid rain 13.2.10 phosphate stripping 4.3.35 percentage heterozygosity 1.5.29 PHA, polyhydroxyalkanoate 4.2.35 phosphate translocator in percentages in exams 17.2.28 Phaeophyta 3.4.7 chloroplast 1.2.34 percentages, dealing with 6.4.38 phage d18.4.21, 3.2.6 phosphatidyl serine 13.1.32 perch p14.1.10 phagocytes 19.4.34, 18.1.2, 17.1.18, phosphatidylcholine 6.4.16 Pere David's deer p 9.3.21 12.1.32, d p 7.3.2, 5.5.15, phosphocreatine 17.1.10, 12.3.23 peregrine falcon p 9.1.33 2.5.24, 1.2.19 phosphocreatine, NMR 2.4.35 perennial crops 7.3.32 phagocytosis d19.4.14, 17.3.14, phosphodiester bonds in DNA perennial rye grass in lawns 7.4.12 16.1.36, 15.1.26, d 14.3.2, p 4.3.23 performance descriptors, exam 12.1.32, 5.1.2, 2.2.6, 1.2.19, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase 16.3.27 12.1.11 10.2.18 performance enhancement 1.5.2 Phanerochaete chrysosporium phosphofructokinase 15.4.28 performance enhancers: creatine 11.3.22 phospholipase Cs 17.1.2 12.3.23 phantom midge larva d 6.5.6 phospholipid bilayer in bacteria perfusion (blood flow) in diving 6.1.6 pharmaceuticals from GE animals 6.2.38 perfusion 7.5.22 7.4.34 phospholipid bilayer, membranes pericytes 7.3.19 pharmaceuticals from tissues, 13.4.36, 6.4.16, 2.2.20 period gene, flies 2.2.2 risk of using 7.3.25 phospholipids 13.2.2, periontology 7.4.26 pharmaceuticals from transgenic 4.2.37, 9.5.10, d 5.5.20, 4.3.32 peripheral nervous system 19.2.7 sheep 7.3.25 phosphorus 12.2.16, 8.5.17, 8.2.34 peripheral neuropathy 7.5.22 pharmacogenetics 16.3.10, 14.4.34 phosphorus atoms, in brain, peripheral resistance 12.5.9 pharmacogenomics 18.4.15 by NMR d 2.4.35 peripheral vascular disease, pharmacokinetics 18.4.15, 1.1.12 phosphorus cycle d 19.1.16 diabetes 15.2.30 pharmacology 7.5.14 phosphoryl group 6.1.12 periphyton 6.5.6 pharmacology, career in 15.3.21 phosphorylase enzyme 13.1.22 peristalsis 2.2.9 phase 19.3.34 phosphorylated 12.3.23 perivitelline space 2.1.2 phase contrast 13.1.36 phosphorylation 17.4.13, 15.4.28, perlite 4.3.12 Phasmarhabditis on slug p 7.3.7 11.4.2, d 6.1.12, 1.2.6, 1.1.30 permafrost 12.3.39, 9.5.18 pheasant, great Argus p 17.4.2 phosphorylation of proteins 2.2.20 permeability of basement membrane phenetics 8.3.34 photoautotrophs 13.2.25 7.3.19 photobioreactor 4.3.29

43 photochemical smog 2.2.27, 1.1.15 piddock 7.4.28 plant cell wall, tensile strength photodegradable plastic 4.2.35 PIF, prolactin inhibitory factor 7.1.2 d 3.3.22 photoinhibition 1.5.32 pig p 11.5.24 plant cells: nitrogen in 8.2.34 photomorphogenesis 17.3.33 pig bar-chewing p 4.2.7 plant chemical defences 2.3.23 photomorphogenesis project 4.1.32 pig rearing p 3.2.11 plant chemicals in medicine 16.1.7 photon 17.3.33, 1.5.32 pig, free range p 4.1.28 plant cloning 2.2.36 photoperiod response curve 3.4.2 pigeon, breeds 1.2.30 plant cultivation 15.2.12 photoperiod, responses to 7.4.2 pigeon, wood p 19.3.10 plant cuticle & pollutants d 4.2.27 photoperiodism 17.3.33 pigeon, wood, control 4.1.2 plant distribution: climate 7.5.34 photoperiodism, plant 3.4.2 pigment/protein complexes 6.1.31 plant ecology, Eden project 15.3.2 photoreceptor, plant 17.3.33 pigments 16.4.2 plant fibres 6.3.30 photoreceptors 17.4.30, 8.2.30 Pikaia, earliest chordate p 4.4.31 plant growth hormones 2.3.23 photorespiration 10.2.18, 5.4.30 pike p14.1.10 plant growth regulators (PGRs) photo-stationary state 8.4.16 pike-perch (zander) 14.1.10 12.4.14, 3.3.22, 2.2.36 photosynthesis as carbon-fixing pill, the 7.2.10 plant hormones 3.3.22 3.3.2 pilocarpine 18.3.21 plant nutrients 8.2.34, 4.3.12 photosynthesis project 4.1.32 piloerection 12.5.2 plant oils 6.5.16 photosynthesis 16.4.12, pilosebaceous glands 9.1.29 plant pathology 2.2.19 16.4.2, 16.2.15, 14.2.11, 13.3.30, pine cone ventilation 17.4.21 plant physiology 18.3.10 13.1.14, 12.5.18, 12.1.2, pine needle, section p 19.3.38 plant protection 2.2.19 d10.2.18, 10.1.7, 10.1.10, 9.4.9, pineal gland 10.1.39, d 7.4.2 plant response to stress 2.3.23 d 9.3.32, 9.2.10, 7.5.6, 5.4.30, pineapple p 5.4.30 plant resurgence 6.4.7 5.2.25, 3.5.13, 3.5.19, 3.1.21, pink salmon 13.3.29 plant root: section through d12.4.14 1.5.32, 1.2.34 pinnipeds 1.4.30 plant scaffolding p 17.2.42 photosynthesis, evolution of 7.4.8 pinocytosis 17.3.14, d 4.2.21, plant succession p 14.2.2 photosynthesis, in symbioses 7.4.8 d 3.2.21 plant tissue culture photosynthetic rate, pinto bean and ozone p 2.2.27 10.3.2, 8.3.11, 5.3.31 constraints on 1.5.32 pinto bean, insect damage in plant toxins 16.2.33 photosystems I and II high SO2 3.5.2 plant wound response 5.1.27 6.1.28, 3.5.13, 1.5.32 pinworm (Enterobius vermicularis) plant: inedible 11.5.39 phototranspiration 15.2.12 13.5.20 plantation agriculture 1.4.28 phototropism project 4.1.32 pioneer species 14.2.2 planting: companion 11.5.11 phototropism 12.4.14 PIP2 2.2.20 plantlets Kalanchoe p19.4.21 Phragmites australis p 12.3.8 pipistrelle bat p 12.4.18 Plantlife 6.4.33 phyllomedusine frogs p 17.2.17 pipistrelle bat, insecticide 3.3.30 plant-microbe interactions 14.3.6 phylogenetic trees 11.5.24 pirimiphos 2.1.35 plants as fuel Eden project 15.3.2 phylogeny 14.4.31 pisatin 2.3.23 plants inside sandstone p 3.1.7 phylogeny: computer generated Pistia stratiotes p 5.5.8 plants 11.5.11 p 11.5.24 Pisum sativum p 12.1.2 plants, cloning genes in d 5.1.17 physical mapping of genome 5.5.2 pitcher plant p 5.4.10, p 2.5.7 plants: cell specialisation physiology of exercise 17.1.10, pitfall trap d 4.5.31 and transport 13.1.14 6.1.20 pitohui- poisonous parrot 17.4.24 plants: climatic change 10.2.18 physiology of muscle 8.3.2 pituitary gigantism 12.4.26 plants: genetically modified 12.3.2 physiology, careers 3.4.25 pituitary gland and homeostasis plants: movement 12.4.14 physiology: avian 11.4.14 5.3.25 plants: stress tolerance 10.5.18 physiology: heart 8.1.2 pituitary gland 19.3.2, 13.2.6, plants: sunlight 9.3.32 physiology; examiners ABC of 8.2.15, d 7.1.2, 5.2.27, 2.4.21, plants: vaccine production 8.1.31 12.5.18 6.4.2 plants: water 7.5.6 physiotherapy 11.3.40 pituitary gland, osmoregulation plants:ultraviolet-B radiation 10.1.7 physiotherapy, career in 2.4.21 plasma cells 5.5.15, 1.2.19 4.4.16, 3.1.2 pituitary hormones in plasma cortisol 1.2.15 physostigmine 16.2.33 spermatogenesis 7.3.28 plasma exchange 13.3.22 phytate, interference with pityriasis versicolor 11.1.27 plasma glucose d 17.3.28 calcium absorption 2.3.2 pK 1.4.16 plasma membrane p18.1.16, 7.3.14, Phythium 4.3.12 PKC, protein kinase C 17.3.42 d14.1.7, 13.2.28, d9.2.18, 8.2.34, phytoalexins 4.1.8, 2.3.23 PKU,see Phenylketonuria 7.3.38, d5.5.20, 5.4.7, 5.2.2, phytochrome 17.3.33, 12.4.14 placebo 14.2.22, 1.5.2 4.1.8, 2.2.20 phytoestrogen 14.1.15 placenta plasma membrane intrinsic proteins phytol 16.4.2 p12.4.2, 12.4.36, 12.5.18, 6.4.2 (PIPs) 9.2.18 Phytophthora infestans placental villi 12.4.2 plasma protein factor IX 7.3.25 4.3.12, 2.3.23, 2.2.19 placental, milk 16.3.2 plasma proteins 13.1.2 phytoplankton 15.3.33, p 14.2.38, placoid scale 5.2.7 plasmalemma 3.3.22 1.2.25 planarians 6.3.2 plasmid vectors 7.2.28 phytoremediation 19.4.2 plankton 14.1.10, p6.5.6 plasmids 10.4.2, phytosiderophore 13.2.19 planktonic algae 8.5.17 10.1.2, 6.5.16, 5.1.17, 4.3.29, Pi electrons 3.3.22 planning answer 15.3.8 2.2.30, 1.5.25, 1.2.12 Picea abies 11.4.18 planning policies 6.3.25 plasmin 5.4.10 PID, pelvic inflammatory disease plant breeding 7.3.32 plasminogen 5.1.10 17.1.34 plant cell wall 4.1.8, 3.3.22

44 plasmodesmata pollination 17.2.34, d 5.1.7, 4.3.7 polyspermy, block to 2.1.2 13.1.14, 7.3.13, 7.1.13 pollination project 4.1.32 polytene chromosome Plasmodium dp19.1.24, 15.1.29, pollination, orchids 2.1.7 p 3.3.15, 2.2.2 14.1.22 pollinium 2.1.7 polythene 9.1.7 Plasmodium falciparum 9.4.2 pollutant 2.1.10 polytunnels 15.2.12 Plasmodium life cycle d 16.3.31, pollutants and plant cuticle 4.2.27 polyunsaturated fats 15.1.29, d 12.2.2 pollutants, monitoring 14.3.6 7.4.21, d 5.5.20 Plasmodium 12.2.2 polluted water p 7.2.39 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) plasmolysis 7.3.13 pollution by manure, reduction 13.4.9, 9.5.7 plasticity of growth 12.2.13 3.2.11 polyvinyl chloride (PVC) 9.1.7 plastics 9.1.7 pollution control officers 2.4.40 POM 17.1.38 plastics, biodegradable 4.2.35 pollution monitoring 5.3.35, 3.1.25 pond skater plastics: naturally occurring 9.1.7 pollution 19.4.2, 1.4.35 p 8.3.38, p d 6.5.6, p 3.1.25 plastids 1.2.34 pollution, air, and plant-feeding pond skaters: mating p 11.1.30 plastocyanin 3.5.13 insects 3.5.2 pond snails p d 6.5.6, 3.1.25 platelet aggregates(plugs) pollution, Aluminium 3.4.27 pondsnail genitalia p18.4.42 p 7.2.2, 7.2.7 pollution, estuaries 3.5.10 pond/lake projects 3.1.25 platelet 17.3.2, p 13.1.32, p 7.2.2 pollution, marine 2.1.10, 13.5.7 ponds 6.5.6 platelet, activated polychlorinated biphenyls, PCBs pooter d 4.5.31 p 13.1.32, p 2.4.12 14.3.6, 11.3.22, 8.2.12 poppies p 5.1.30 platelet: vessel wall interactions polyclonal antibodies population 17.1.6, 12.1.6 13.1.32 11.3.34, 6.2.20 population decline, barn owl 2.4.6 platelet-derived growth factor polyclonal antibody manufacture population declines, birds 16.4.17 7.1.18 d11.3.34 population density estimation, platelets, clots and thrombosis polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on seashore 2.5.30 7.2.2 (PAHs) 14.3.6, 11.3.22 population dynamics 2.2.15 platelets: adherent d 13.1.32 polydactyly 10.2.33 population dynamics, model, play, kittens d p 6.5.26 polyethylene (polythene) 9.1.7 aphids 3.3.35 pleiotropic gene effect 5.4.35 polyethylene glycol 6.2.20 population ecology, birds 4.1.2 pleistocene period 12.3.39 polygenic characters 7.3.32 population estimation 18.1.7, pleural cavity d 14.4.2 polygyny 18.4.18 14.3.11 pleural fluid d 14.4.2 polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) population estimation, bats 3.3.30 ploidy in plants 7.3.32 11.5.39, 9.1.7 population genetics 4.4.18 ploughing 7.2.16 polymerase chain reaction see PCR population growth 4.1.26 plover, grey p 3.5.10 polymerase 5.1.20 population mean 13.4.34, 13.2.40 pluripotent stem cells, polymerization, tubulin 2.5.18 population mean estimate bone marrow 7.1.18 polymers of glucose d 16.2.15 13.4.34, 13.3.40 pneumococcus 10.5.26, 7.3.2 polymers 19.3.18, 5.4.16, 3.3.22 population measuring 3.1.25 Pneumocystis p 14.4.21, 14.1.37 polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) population regulation 4.1.2 pneumonia in AIDS 7.4.30 13.2.36 population size 16.3.14 pneumonia 7.5.22 polymorphism 19.1.6, 17.1.6, population size, effect on allele Poaceae 13.3.30 p14.1.19, 11.3.18, 10.5.31, frequency 15.4.7 pocessivity factor 10.4.15 1.1.21 population size, factors affecting, podiatrist 11.4.26 polymorphism in cats dp 14.2.7 barn owl 2.4.6 podiatry, career in 6.5.22 polymorphism in DNA d 8.3.7 population standard deviation podocytes p 16.2.2 polymorphism, balanced 14.1.19 13.2.40 podsol d 4.5.31 polymorphism, genetic p 14.1.19 population variance 13.2.40 Poecilia reticulata p 9.1.14 polymorphonuclear neutrophils Porcellio woodlouse p 7.2.31 pogonophorans 5.1.2 2.5.24 porins 12.2.28 poikilotherms 12.5.2, 1.4.11 polynucleotide 11.3.2 Porphyra 4.3.29 Poinar, George 11.1.2 polyoma virus 7.4.6 porphyriac 8.2.18 Poinar, Hendrik 11.1.2 polypeptide 15.1.22, 13.4.2, Porphyridium 4.3.29 point mutation 2.3.15 13.3.37, 7.1.18, 6.2.7, 2.3.15, Porphyrins 16.4.2 point quadrat d 6.3.19 1.3.17 Port Erin 1.2.25 poison 16.2.33 polypeptide chain 6.4.35 portal tract 5.2.18 poison dart frog 16.2.33 polypeptide hormones 5.3.25 portal vein 7.1.28, 5.2.18 poisons, bats 3.3.30 polyphagous 3.3.35 positional cloning 10.3.12 poisons, slug 1.2.10 polyphenols in acorns 6.2.11 positive association 14.3.38 polar bear p 10.1.32, p 9.1.2 polyphenols 10.4.30 positive feedback, lactation 7.1.2 polar bear adipose tissue 3.1.36 Polyplastron multivesiculatum positron emission tomography polar bear liver p 6.5.36 p 12.3.42 p14.3.24 polar interactions 1.5.16 polyploidy 8.3.34, 3.3.15 possum, feeding on mistletoe polio vaccine 14.1.37 polysaccharide degradation in p 3.2.35 polio viruses p 9.4.17 lysosomes 3.2.21 post mortem changes 3.1.12 pollarding 12.2.31 polysaccharides 19.3.18, 19.1 12, post-menopausal fertility: ethics pollen on bee's knee p 2.1.21 5.4.16 11.2.15 pollen p15.4.42 polysaccharides, extracellular 5.2.12 post-menopause bone 5.5.11 pollen diagram 18.1.11 polysaccharides: non-starch 9.3.16 post-primary TB 8.2.2 pollination – co-evolution 7.2.31 polysomes 4.5.2, 1.4.18 postsynaptic cell 13.3.10, 8.4.26

45 post-synaptic neuron 5.1.35 pressure relations of gases 6.5.30 project planning 2.5.30 postsynaptic potential presynaptic cell 13.3.10 project, limpets 2.5.30 13.3.10, 8.4.26 pre-synaptic neuron 5.1.35 projector 13.2.32 postsynaptic receptor d 13.3.10 presynaptic signal 8.4.26 projects -behaviour 7.2.31 post-translational modifications prevalence of infection 16.3.21 projects in woodlands 4.5.31 d15.1.22, 13.1.19, 9.2.30, 7.3.25, preventing disease transmission in projects with aphids 3.3.35 2.3.15 transfusion 3.5.25 projects with plants 4.1.32 potassium channel 7.3.38 prevention of cancer? 16.1.26 projects, choosing 2.5.14 potassium 13.1.11, 8.2.34 prevention of food poisoning 15.1.26 projects, dogwhelks 2.5.30 potato blight 2.3.23, 2.2.19 prevervation of food by irradiation projects, doing 2.5.14 potato crop: potato nematode 1.4.25 projects, freshwater 3.1.25 cyst damage to p 9.5.36 prey capture by crocodilians 1.2.2 projects, marine biology 2.5.30 potato cyst nematodes 9.5.36 prey capture, sea anemone 6.2.7 projects, molluscs 2.5.30 potato, virus infected p 3.2.6 prey loss 16.3.36 projects, seashore 2.5.30 potato: biotechnology 7.5.31 prey selection by dogwhelk 2.5.30 prokaryotic cells d 9.5.31 potatoes, organic p 4.1.28 prey selection 6.3.7 prokaryotic genes d 12.5.22 potentiate 9.4.32 priapulid worm p 4.4.31 prolactin 16.3.2, 7.1.2 potentiometric biosensors d 15.4.32 prickly pear cacti prolactin and hair 17.4.37 potworm p 4.5.31 p 10.2.18, p 7.5.6, p 6.4.7 prolegs 13.4.29 poultry diet 11.4.14 primary acceptor 9.3.32 proliferation of cells in epithelia poultry farming 11.4.14 primary consumer 13.2.25 7.1.23 poultry: genetics 11.4.14 primary electrons 13.3.6 proliferative 8.2.30 power training 1.3.30 primary immune response 5.5.15 proline-rich protein in saliva 6.3.35 power versus endurance 1.3.30 primary infection, TB 14.1.30 promoter sequence Prader Willi syndrome 9.2.33, 8.4.2 primary productivity 6.5.6 12.5.22, 6.5.2, 6.5.16 pravastatin 18.1.38 primary protein structure promoters 12.1.26 praziquantel 14.2.34, 13.4.16 10.4.32, 7.5.28, 6.1.31, d 1.5.16 pronethalol 4.1.19 pre- implantation testing 12.5.6 primary sewage treatment 13.4.25 pronouns 12.3.12 Pre- Registration House Officer primary succession 14.2.2, 12.2.31 proof-reading exonuclease 10.4.15 (PRHO) 13.1.39 primary TB 8.2.2 proof-reading, lack of, in reverse pre-Cambrian fossils 4.4.31 primary transcript 2.3.15 transcription 7.4.30 precursor protein 15.1.22, 1.2.34 primary treatment 1.4.35 pro-oxidants 13.4.9 precursors of enzymes 13.5.2 primates: modern d 8.4.30 propagation 1.4.28 predation 15.3.33, 14.1.10 primer binding 16.3.10, 11.1.18 propagation, vegetative 2.2.36 predator and prey detection: primers 16.3.10, 11.1.18, 4.3.23 propagules 14.2.2 antibodies 9.2.7 primitive plants, propagules, moss 3.1.32 predator of crop pests 17.4.17, evolutionary tree d 3.1.32 propanalol 4.1.19, 1.5.2 16.4.28 primordial follicle 11.2.15 propanoic acid 4.2.35 predator-scanning, birds, primrose, thrum & pin eye d 15.4.7 prophase d 14.4.37, d8.5.2, projects 7.2.31 Princess Alexandra 8.2.18 4.4.24, 1.3.20 predator 3.1.25, 1.2.25 prion diseases 10.4.32 prophylactic 15.1.29 predator, barn owl as 2.4.6 prion protein (PrP) d10.5.38 Propionibacterium acnes: p 9.1.29 predator-prey relationships 10.5.31 prion replication d10.5.38 proplastids 3.5.13, 1.2.34 predators of farmed salmon 6.3.22 prions 10.5.38, 10.4.32 proportions, dealing with 6.4.38 predicting optimal behaviour 7.2.31 proalcool 13.1.27 proprioception 12.5.28 prefixes of SI units 5.5.24, 1.2.22 probe DNA 8.4.2 prospects – see also career prefixes 6.5.20, 2.2.24 probiotics 2.2.9 prospects, equine biology 15.2.21 pregnancy testing 1.5.36 problem solving 5.5.24 prospects, health visitor 15.1.35 pregnancy 13.3.37, 3.2.13 problem solving, cats d 6.5.26 prospects: biology subject librarian pregnancy: hormonal control proboscis 13.4.29 9.2.40 d 11.2.15 procedures, experimental 2.5.14 prospects: biomedical research pregnancy: maternal infections procollagen 15.1.22, 6.4.35 9.5.28 11.3.29 producer 13.2.25, 12.1.6 prospects: biomedicine 17.2.30 pre-implantation diagnosis and producers/consumers Eden project prospects: chiropodist 11.4.26 screening 18.2.25, 12.4.36, 15.3.2 prospects: crop protection 9.3.14 11.3.29, 4.3.18 product development schedule prospects: diagnostic radiography pre-mutation sized alleles 10.3.12 p 5.5.6, d 5.2.36, d 4.2.15 10.1.30 prenatal diagnosis: ethics 11.3.29 production efficiency 6.3.39 prospects: Environment Agency prenatal diagnosis 11.3.29, 10.5.11 productivity 1.2.25 ecologist 12.4.23 prenatal genetic testing 19.4.10, productivity, primary, gross 3.3.2 prospects: junior hospital doctor 12.5.6 profiling, SGM plus 18.3.38 13.1.39 preparing for questions at interviews progesterone 19.2.34, d14.1.2, prospects: Macaulay Land Use 1.5.40 13.3.37, 12.4.2, d 7.2.10, 6.4.2, Research Institute 13.5.29 pre-pro-insulin d15.1.22 3.2.13 prospects: medical student 11.1.36 pre-pro-mini-insulin 10.2.30 progestogens 7.2.10 prospects: metrology 9.1.40 presentation, project reports 2.5.14 programmed ageing 6.4.26 prospects: Natural History Museum presenting data 3.2.17 proinsulin 15.2.30, 2.3.15 12.3.35 pressure 12.2.25 project on earthworms 7.4.12 prospects: occupational therapy pressure flow hypothesis 13.1.14 project on soil compaction 7.4.12 10.5.36

46 prospects: orthotics 10.4.38 protein phosphorylation 3.4.19 Pseudomonas putida on barley prospects: pharmacology 15.3.21 protein production 16.4.32 p14.3.6 prospects: pharmacology 7.5.14 protein purification 7.2.23 Pseudomonas syringae, GM prospects: physiotherapy 11.3.40 protein purifying by chromatography bacteria to control frost damage prospects: podiatrist 11.4.26 p 16.4.32 5.1.25 prospects: prosthetics 10.4.38 protein secretion in fungi d 13.3.19 pseudopod, slime mould d17.3.21 prospects: Public Health Laboratory protein separation 16.4.32, 6.2.7 pseudopodia 12.1.11, 2.2.6 Service 13.3.14 protein structure 12.2.25, PSNS parasympathetic nervous prospects: research student 8.4.24 7.5.28, 6.1.31, 2.3.15, 1.5.16 system 18.3.21 prospects: science communication protein structure, NMR analysis psychedelic hallucinogens 12.1.28 10.2.38 2.4.35 psychoactive drugs 5.1.35 prospects: science journalism protein synthesis 15.3.24, d 13.4.2 psychobiological regression 12.5.33, 9.4.40 11.5.18, d 9.4.24, 6.5.2, 4.5.2, hypothesis 9.5.25 prospects: science technician 8.5.21 2.3.15 psychophysiological mechanism of prospects: scientist 13.4.40 protein synthesis in germination stress 5.2.27 prospects: speech therapy 8.3.17 2.3.31 psychosomatic 9.5.25 prospects: student nurse 16.4.21 protein synthesis, learning 5.1.20 psychosis 18.4.15 prospects: university lecturer 8.1.25 protein synthesis, light dependent psychostimulant 14.2.22 prospects: veterinary medicine 1.2.34 psychrophiles 9.2.2 10.3.31 protein traffic 1.4.18 psychrophilic bacteria 6.2.38 prospects: zoology 13.3.14 protein variation 2.3.15 psychrotrophic organism 7.5.10 prostacyclin 13.1.32 protein/pigment complexes 6.1.31 pterosaurs 2.5.11 prostaglandins 19.2.34, 15.1.19, proteinase inhibitors, cooking 5.1.27 ptilinum 6.1.38 13.4.9, 11.2.19, 3.4.19 proteins d 19.1.2, 16.4.32, 15.2.24, puberty 19.3.2, 13.3.37 prostaglandins and inflammation 15.1.22, 13.4.2, 13.4.36, 13.3.19, Public Health Authority 8.5.21 d 7.1.38 13.3.37, 13.1.11, 12.2.25, Public Health Laboratory Service prostaglandins: synthesis d 10.3.15 12.2.16, 12.2.6, 11.4.2, 11.4.6, 10.3.9, 3.5.23 prostatic hyperplasia 16.3.18 11.3.34, 8.2.24, 8.1.14 public relations 10.2.38 prostheses 10.4.38 proteins under pressure 12.2.25 publications 11.2.40 prosthetic group 4.3.38 proteins, constitutive 14.3.6 publishing 10.2.38 prosthetics 10.4.38, 7.4.26 proteins, RQ of 6.5.24 publishing, career in 5.4.14 prosthetics, career in 6.4.24 proteins: functions 13.4.2 puffer fish p15.4.2, p15.3.13, protamine gene 7.3.28 proteins: genetic engineering 13.4.2 p13.3.10 protanomaly 19.3.28 proteoglycans 2.2.2, 1.1.2 pullulanase 5.1.22 protanopia 19.3.28 proteolytic enzymes pulmonary embolus 7.2.2 protease inhibitor in emphysema 8.4.11, 7.2.2, 5.4.10 pulmonary tuberculosis 8.2.2 2.5.24 Proteus bacterium p 18.4.2 pulmonary valve 18.2.34 protease inhibitors 14.1.37, 10.3.33 prothrombin 7.2.2, 5.1.10, 2.4.12 pulmonate 3.2.30 protease transport 1.5.16 prothrombin III 15.2.39 pulses 7.3.32 proteases on cancer cell surface protoctist flagella 6.3.2 pulse-type eletctric fish 11.2.23 6.1.36 Protoctista 2.2.6 pumice 12.3.19 proteases 12.5.26, 5.4.10, proton current 4.3.38 pump, proton 5.2.2 4.4.6, 1.5.16 proton motive force 10.3.22 punctuated equilibrium 17.4.2 protected areas, size 1.1.8 proton pumps in plants 5.2.2 punctuation 8.4.14 protective coloration 6.3.7 protons 8.2.24, 1.4.16, 1.1.24 pupa 15.4.15, 13.4.29, 10.4.18 protein banding in electrophoresis proto-oncogenes 11.3.36 puparium 15.4.15, p 6.1.38 p 5.2.39 Protophormia 6.1.38 pupil d 17.2.9 protein C 7.3.25 protoplast 8.4.6, 7.5.31 pupil dilation 18.3.21 protein degradation in lysosomes protozoa in rumen 14.4.14 Purdue University 8.1.31 3.2.21 protozoa in sewage 1.4.35 pure research 2.3.28 protein degradation 6.4.26 protozoa 13.4.25, 13.3.14, 11.3.22, purification of EPO 5.2.38 protein denaturisation 10.4.32 2.2.6, p 2.1.21 purification 5.5.34 protein digestion 3.1.12 protozoa, lakes 15.3.33 purine bases 10.1.36, 7.5.19 protein engineering 1.4.18 protozoan infections in AIDS 14.4.21 purine catabolism 8.5.27 protein evolution 10.2.10 provirus 3.4.15, 1.3.38 purine 18.4.7, 9.1.22 protein folding and conformation provitamin 11.5.32 Purkinje system 8.1.2 15.2.24 proximal tubule, nephron 1.3.7 Purkyne fibres (see also Purkinje protein folding 10.4.32 Prozac 12.1.28 fibres) 19.3.21, 18.2.34 protein hydrolysis 5.4.10 PrP diseases 10.4.32 purple-stem cat's-tail 7.5.34 protein kinase C, PKC 17.3.42, pruteen dp 3.5.34 purulent 7.5.26 2.2.20 Przewalski's horse p 9.3.21 puss moth caterpillar p 6.3.7 protein kinase d 17.4.13, 4.4.2, pseudobulb, orchid p 2.1.7 put-and-take fishery 14.1.10 2.2.20 pseudocoelomate d 4.3.2 putrefaction, experiment by protein messengers 7.2.23 Pseudomonas p19.4.2, 11.4.6, Pasteur 1.3.26 protein metabolism 14.2.14, 3.5.37 11.3.22, 4.2.2, p 6.4.30 PVC 9.1.7 protein modification 13.4.2 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 19.2.38, pyramid of numbers 3.1.25 protein molecule structure d 6.2.26 13.2.28, 9.1.10, p13.2.28 pyran(ose) d 16.2.15 protein motif 8.3.14 Pseudomonas cepacia 10.2.40 pyrazines 7.5.2 protein phosphatases 17.4.13 Pyrenean mountain dogs 13.5.24

47 pyrethrins: natural d 10.2.23 radula (snail tongue) EM p3.2.30 16.4.12, 10.1.2, 3.1.40, 8.5.35, pyrethroid insecticides Radula p 3.1.32 7.2.28, 1.5.25, 1.3.38 10.2.23, 2.1.35 Rafflesia p 16.1.19, p d 5.1.7, recombinant E. coli 1.2.12 pyrethroid toxicity: 10.2.23 p3.2.35 recombinant erythropoietin pyrethroids and bees 6.4.14 raft spider p 8.3.38 7.1.18, 5.2.38 pyrethroids, synthetic 10.2.23 rafting 4.4.28 recombinant growth factors 7.1.18 pyridoxine (B6) toxicity 6.5.36 ragworm 13.5.7, p 3.5.10 recombinant HAS 6.2.40 pyrimidines 9.2.2 Raia batis 1.2.25 recombinant hepatitis B vaccine Pyrococcus furiosus 9.2.2 rain forest fungi 3.4.30 7.2.28 pyrolysis 13.4.21 rain forest regeneration 17.2.34 recombinant hirudin 1.3.17 pyrophosphate 2.2.20 rainbow lorikeet p 19.4.38 recombinant organism 5.1.25 pyruvate carboxylase 15.3.37 rainfall 7.5.34 recombinant plasmid 5.1.17 pyruvate dehydrogenase 8.3.21 Ramon y Cajal 5.1.35 recombinant plastid 7.2.28 pyruvate kinase 15.4.28 ramshorn snails 3.1.25 recombinant protein production in pyruvate yield onions 17.3.7 random damage, ageing 6.4.26 milk 15.2.39 pyruvate 19.2.14, 1.3.30 randomised medical trial 18.4.15 recombinant proteins pyruvic acid 18.2.6, 8.1.20, 1.2.6 random sampling 19.1.24,15.2.39, 13.4.2 quadrat number, optimal d 6.3.19 13.3.40, 10.5.6, 6.3.19 recombinant quadrat size, optimal d 6.3.19 randomised design plots 2.2.19 d18.4.21, 13.3.19, 8.4.2 quadrat 10.5.6, 7.4.38, d 6.3.19 range 7.4.38 recombination frequencies 2.5.2 quadrat: point frame d 10.5.6 rankable data 8.1.39 recommended daily allowance quagga 11.1.2 Ranunculus p 8.3.34 (RDA) 11.5.32 quail growth in zero gravity 3.1.4 rapid cycling Brassicas p 4.1.32 recording butterflies 14.4.10 qualitative data 8.1.39 rapid oxygen cycling d 3.5.19 recovery stroke, cilium d 6.3.2 quality, crops 7.3.32 rapture of the deep 1.4.30 recruitment 19.4.14, 13.3.29 quantitative data 8.1.39 rarity 18.1.11 recruitment of muscle fibres 6.4.11 quarrying: limestone p 10.5.18 rasiocaesium 4.5.17 recruitment overfishing 1.2.25 quartz fibres in lungs 2.5.24 Rasputin, Grigori 8.2.18 recruitment, net 2.2.15 quaternary protein structure rat pancreatic lobule p13.5.2, recycling nutrients 14.4.31 13.5.10, 10.4.32, 6.1.31 p9.3.24 recycling paper 6.3.30 queen bee p 2.1.33 rat, brown 14.2.31 red blood cell count 5.2.38 queen substance, pheromone 2.1.33 rate, calculating 4.4.40 red blood cell formation, Queen Victoria's gene 16.4.8, rate, measuring 3.4.2 inhibition by aluminium 3.4.27 8.2.18 ratel p 18.4.18 red blood cell surface d 9.5.10 queenies 1.2.25 ratios of phenotypes 2.5.2 red blood cells p15.2.42, dp14.2.11, queens 6.4.14 ratios, dealing with 6.4.38 12.5.18, 11.2.2, 3.2.25 Quercus robur 12.5.18 rats 18.1.7, p14.2.31 red blood cells: transport d 11.2.2 question answering 12.3.12 rats, pest of rice 1.4.6 red cell membrane 11.2.2 quillwort p d 8.5.32, p 6.5.30 rats: damage & disease 12.4.39 red cones 19.3.28 quillwort: gas transport 8.5.32 rats: town 12.4.39 Red Data Book 1.3.17 quinine 12.2.2, 7.1.38 Rattus norvegicus 14.2.31, 12.4.39 red deer 13.5.24, p 11.5.21, p 2.1.25 quinones 6.1.38 Rattus rattus 12.4.39 red fox p 13.2.15 Quorn 17.1.24, 9.5.7, p 2.2.12 ray p 5.2.7 red grouse p 18.2.14 quorum 13.2.28 RBC formation 7.1.18 red headed wallaby p 12.4.18 R group 10.4.32 RBP, retinol-binding protein p6.1.31 red kangaroos fighting p 7.1.10 raccoon p19.2.26 reabsorption 16.2.2 red kite 14.2.31 racemisation 6.4.26 reabsorption of salt,water 2.4.21 red muscle 1.3.30 radiation and cancer 7.3.11 reabsorption of sodium 1.3.7 red panda p 19.2.26 radiation, sources of d 7.3.11 reabsorption: tissue fluid 13.1.2 red spider mite control p 6.4.7 radioactive 16.3.42 reactive oxygen species 14.3.33, red squirrel 16.3.14, p16.2.8, radioactive decay 1.3.12 10.3.18 p6.2.11, p 10.4.30 radioactive dyes 4.5.20 realised niche 12.4.31 red wine 14.2.14 radioactive waste 2.1.10 reasons for conserving biodiversity red-green blind 19.3.28 radioallergosorbent tests 12.3.2 16.2.38 redwoods pd19.3.38 radiocaesium 1.3.12 receptor affinity 7.5.14 redifferentiation, plant cloning 2.2.36 radiocarbon dating 12.3.39, 6.2.34 receptor channels, muscle d7.3.38 re-digestion 14.1.27 radioiodine 4.5.17 receptor molecules 15.2.24 redox potential 5.2.18, 4.3.38 radioisotopic tracers 4.4.21 receptor potential 12.3.33 redshanks p 3.5.10 radiolabelled liposomes p 4.3.32 receptor protein d 17.4.13, 17.1.2 redswamp crayfish, radionuclide deposition UK 1.3.12 receptor sites 15.4.32, 15.3.21 Procambarus p 6.5.12 radionuclide uptake from soil 4.5.17 receptor-integrator-effector 4.5.12 reduced NAPD 13.2.19 radionuclide 7.3.11, 1.3.12 receptors 12.2.6 reducing sugar 16.2.15 radiotherapy p16.1.26 receptors, cell membrane 1.1.12 reduction in Calvin cycle 5.4.30 radiotherapy, cancer 6.5.14, 3.1.2 recessive gene disorders 15.2.36 reduction 4.3.38 radio-transmitter on snails p19.4.42, recessive gene 4.4.18, 2.5.2 reduction/oxidation 3.1.21 p3.2.30 recirculation of lymphocytes 1.2.19 redundant species hypothesis radiotransmitter, hedgehog p 4.2.31 recognition of self/non-self 1.2.19 16.1.10, 11.4.18 radiowaves and NMR 2.4.35 recombinant bST 11.1.24 reed warbler p 16.3.14 radon gas 7.3.11 recombinant DNA technology reedbeds: sewage treatment d12.3.8

48 reef fisheries 14.1.10 reproductive suppression 9.2.15 reverse genetics 10.3.12, 1.3.38 reflex bleeding 18.1.28, 13.3.2 reptiles in Europe d 17.2.2 reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitor reflex 1.3.2 reptiles 2.5.11 10.3.33 reflex-chain d 11.4.30 RER, rough endoplasmic reticulum reverse transcriptase 14.1.37, reflex response in ANS d 18.3.21 17.3.14, 9.3.24, p 6.4.16, 1.4.18 10.3.33, 7.4.30, d 3.4.15, 1.5.25, refraction: light rays d 8.2.30 research projects 17.1.14 1.3.38 refractive surgery 17.4.30 research student 8.4.24 revising biology 11.5.30, 5.1.20 regeneration 19.4.21 research 10.4.23 RFLPs see restriction fragment… regeneration in Calvin cycle 5.4.30 reserves, tiger 16.3.36 RGN see registered general nurse regeneration niche 5.5.30 reservoir host 14.2.34 Rh, Rhesus antigens 9.5.10 regeneration, earthworm 2.3.8 reservoir of infection, TB 15.4.25 rhesus monkey, suckling young registered general nurse 7.3.23 resilin 6.2.30 p 7.1.2 registered mental nurse 7.3.23 resistance genes 1.5.22 rheumatoid arthritis p 7.4.21 regression 14.4.25, 14.3.38 resistance stage, in stress 5.2.27 rheumatology 11.3.40 regulation of breathing d14.4.2 resistant starch 9.3.16 rhinoconjunctivitis 18.1.28 regulation of synthesis of resolution, in microscopy 18.1.16, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum p11.2.5 capsaicin, in culture 2.4.9 13.2.32, 13.1.36, 2.1.21 Rhizobium 16.4.2, p 11.5.2, 4.2.2, regulators of complement resolving power 19.4.6, d 19.3.34 1.4.2 activation (RCA) 9.2.23 resolve 13.2.32 rhizomes 13.5.16, 8.3.31 regulatory enzymes 1.5.16 resource partitioning 14.1.10 Rhizopoda 2.2.6 regulatory proteins 8.3.2 respiration 13.5.10, 13.1.11, Rhodococcus 11.4.6 regulatory sequence 1.5.25 12.3.23, 9.2.10, 3.5.19, 3.5.29 Rhododendron p 6.1.25 regulatory T cell 18.4.38 respiration, as term in Rhodophyta 3.4.7 reindeer 13.5.24 energy equation 3.3.2 rhodopsin 5.4.2, 5.2.7 reindeer, Svalbard p19.1.16 respiration: human cells d10.1.25 rhythmical activity, in nervous reindeer, radiocaesium-binding respiratory centre d 14.4.2 system 18.3.2, 1.3.2 bolus inserted in rumen p 4.5.17 respiratory chain 8.3.21 rhythms, biological 7.4.2 reintroduction 14.2.26 respiratory cilia in man 6.3.2 rhythms, exogenous 7.4.2 Reiter's syndrome 12.1.22 respiratory exchange ratio 6.5.24 ribbon model, interleukin p 5.3.7 relatedness of worker bees 16.4. 23 respiratory infections 14.1.22 ribonuclease p 6.2.26, 1.5.16 relative abundance 11.4.18 respiratory pigments 3.5.29 ribose in ATP 6.1.12 relaxation of muscle 19.4.25 respiratory quotient 6.5.24 ribose d 5.4.16 REM sleep 3.3.11 respiratory syncytial virus p3.2.6 ribosomal RNA 9.4.24, 4.5.2 removal sampling 3.1.25 respirometer 1.1.30 ribosome p15.3.24, 9.4.24, 5.1.20, renal dialysis d 4.2.18 response of sea-bed organisms p 3.3.15, 2.3.15, 1.4.18 renal excretion of sodium 1.3.7 to organic waste 2.1.10 ribosome structure: E. coli d 9.4.24 renin release, control of body response 12.4.14 ribosomes, chloroplast 1.2.34 volume 5.3.20 resting and digesting 18.3.21 ribozymes 12.1.31, 11.3.2, 5.4.40 renin 5.3.7, 1.5.16 resting potential 5.1.35, 4.3.26 ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase rennet 15.4.36 restoration ecology 18.1.11, 10.5.18 /oxygenase - see Rubisco reovirus 14.1.7 restriction endonucleases rice field and water buffalo p 1.5.12 repair of tissue 15.2.17 7.5.38, 5.1.17 rice planting p 10.2.2 repeated trials 18.4.28 restriction enzymes rice 13.3.30, p 2.4.27, 1.4.6 replicated surveys 13.1.30 12.5.26, 11.4.10, 5.2.15, 1.5.25 rickets 14.4.27 replication of DNA 1.3.20 restriction fragment length rickets p 2.3.2, 2.1.25 replication of viruses 3.2.6 polymorphisms p 5.2.15, 1.1.21 rickets, X-ray p 6.5.36 replication region 5.1.17 resuscitation 14.2.19 Riftia 5.1.2 replication 8.1.14 rete mirabile d 9.1.2 rigor mortis 3.1.12 repolarisation 10.1.21, 8.1.2 reticulate bodies 17.1.34 rinderpest 16.3.27 reporter gene 18.2.38, 14.3.6 reticulate 8.3.34 ringing birds 14.3.11 repressible genes 6.5.2 reticulocytes 6.1.22 ringspot virus in honesty p 3.2.6 repressor protein 6.5.2 retina 19.1.36, p17.4.30, d17.2.9, ringworm p 11.1.27 repressors 12.5.22 p16.3.18, 8.2.30, 1.5.7, 13.4.36 ring porous 18.1.33 reproduction 19.2.34 retinal 19.3.28, d16.4.2 Rio conference 6.4.33 reproduction in kangaroos 7.1.10 retinal detachment 17.4.30 ripening cheese 15.4.36 reproduction in piddocks 7.4.28 retinal tears 17.4.30 risk factores in HIV 7.4.30 reproduction of viruses 3.2.6 retinal, all-trans and cis 17.4.24 risk factors in heart disease reproduction, Antarctic plants 3.1.7 retinitis pigmentosa p 15.4.2 18.1.21, 2.3.35 reproduction, earthworm 2.3.8 retinoblastoma (Rb) 11.3.36 risk factors: pancreatitis 13.5.2 reproduction, effect of lead 2.1.30 retinohypothalamic tract(RHT) river blindness 4.3.2 reproduction, frogs 17.2.17 10.1.39 river projects 3.1.25 reproduction, land snails 3.2.30 retinoic acid 5.4.2 river water classification 9.1.25 reproduction: invertebrates 13.5.7 retinol 5.4.2 rivet hypothesis 16.1.10, 11.4.18 reproduction: nematodes 13.5.20 retinopathy, diabetes 15.2.30 RNA content of mycoprotein 2.2.12 reproductive behaviour, crocodilian retroviral vectors to produce RNA enzyme 9.4.24 1.2.2 transgenic chickens d 11.5.36 RNA polymerase 6.5.2 reproductive cloning 18.3.6 retrovirus 10.3.33, 7.4.30, 3.4.15, RNA splicing 11.3.2 reproductive isolation 16.2.24 1.3.38 RNA synthesis 6.5.2 reproductive rhythms 7.4.2 reverse engineering 19.1.42 RNA viruses 3.2.6

49 RNA Saccharomyces cerevisiae 13.1.27, sandwich student 2.2.19 3.4.2, 11.3.2, 4.5.2, 1.5.16, 1.3.38 p d 9.3.10, p 5.3.10 Sanger, Fred 6.1.31, 4.4.2 RNA: messenger 13.2.19, 12.5.15, Saccharomyces p 15.3.13, p 2.2.30, sap 3.3.35 12.4.11, 11.3.2, 11.3.2 1.4.25 saprobionts 9.4.9 road building: rainforest in Ecuador Saccharum officinarum 13.1.27 sapwood 18.1.33, 6.3.30 8.2.38 sacoglossans 14.3.20 sarcolemma 11.2.36, 10.1.25, 8.3.2 roads: effects on wildlife 8.2.38 SACs special areas of conservation sarcomeres 8.3.2, 3.1.12, d 2.4.2 Robert Koch 15.3.24 18.1.11, 16.2.38 sarcoplasm 11.2.36, 8.3.2 Rocci, Riva 9.5.14 SAD, seasonal affective disorder sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) 19.4.25, Rockall Trough 5.2.7 7.4.2 10.1.25, 8.3.2 Rockefeller Wildlife Refuge 7.1.7 safe sex 14.1.37 Sarracena p 2.5.7 rock-sea spurrey 7.5.34 safety factor, leg bones 3.4.23 satellite radio tracking 1.4.30 rockwool 4.3.12 safety, water projects 3.1.25 saturated fatty acid 4.2.37 Rodalia cardinalis 6.4.7 saffron p 2.4.9 saturated vapour pressure 11.1.14 rodent 14.1.27 sage leaf: p 10.1.7 saturated d 5.5.20 rodenticides 18.1.7, 14.2.31, 12.4.39 saguaro cacti p 7.5.6 saturniid moth caterpillar p 10.5.31 rods and cones 19.1.36, 6.3.2, 5.4.2 Sahara 2.3.11 sauerkraut 18.2.6, 11.3.10 roe deer p11.5.21 Sahel 2.3.11 SAW, surface acoustic wave rollers and tunnellers, dung beetles salbutamol 18.3.21 biosensors d 15.4.32 14.4.31 salicylic acid 15.1.19, 11.5.11 SBE,starch-branching enzyme Roman snail, Helix pomatia p 3.2.30 salicylism 7.1.38 3.3.33 root anchorage 15.3.16 salination 2.3.11 scabs, skin and scars p 17.3.2 root nodules 13.5.29, 11.5.2 salinity and plant growth 2.4.27 scaffolding, plants p17.2.42 root nutrient depletion zone 14.3.6 salinity in estuaries 3.5.10 scalding/salting cheese 15.4.36 root uptake of radionuclides 4.5.17 saliva 13.3.37, 6.3.35 scale, calculating 17.3.10 root:shoot ratio, optimum 5.1.30 saliva, of leech 1.3.17 scale insects 18.1.28 roots, of words 2.2.24 saliva, pH 5.2.12 scales 13.5.10 ROS 14.3.33 Salix species (willows) 13.4.21 scallops 1.2.25 rosebay willowherb p 7.5.6 Salmo salar 13.3.29 scanning densitometer d7.1.35 rose-oil 2.4.9 salmon (farmed) production d6.3.22 scanning electron micrograph: roses: disease resistant 8.3.11 salmon culture p 6.3.22 false colour p 13.3.6 roses: genetic engineering 8.3.11 salmon farming p13.3.29 scanning electron microscope Ross, Nick p 16.3.36 salmon farms, 13.3.6, d 5.4.23, d 2.1.21 rosy woodlouse p 9.3.39 environmental impacts 6.3.22 scanning electron microscopy, rot 4.5.22, 4.4.6 Salmon Research Agency 9.5.22 bone p2.1.25 Rothamsted 1.2.10 salmon p 7.5.2 scanning electron microscopy, Rothwell, Nancy 18.1.42 salmon, Atlantic, life cycle d 6.3.22 chromosomes 1.3.20 rotifers d 6.5.6, p 6.3.2 salmon, Pacific, death p 6.4.26 scanning electron microscopy: rough endoplasmic reticulum – see salmon, Pacific, spawning p 6.4.26 wood p13.3.6 RER Salmonella p18.4.21, 11.5.36, scanning electron microscopy: round-up-ready soy bean 17.2.24 11.4.14, 10.4.6, 7.3.2, 3.5.23, bone marrow surface p13.3.6 roundworms 4.3.2 3.2.11, 2.2.9, 1.4.25, 1.2.12 scanning electron microscopy: Rous' sarcoma virus 4.1.22 Salmonella enteritidis: p 10.4.6 nuclear envelope p13.3.6 royal jelly 2.1.33 Salmonella typhi 10.4.6 scarab beetles 14.4.31 Royal Society for the Protection of salt absorption in gut 3.4.19 scars, skin, scabs and p 17.3.2 Birds see RSPB salt and water balance 16.2.2 scatter plot d 14.3.38 RQ, respiratory quotient 6.5.24 salt balance 1.3.7 scavenger cells 2.5.24 RSNC, Royal Society for Nature salt intake regulation 1.3.7 scFv 13.5.28 Conservation 6.4.33 salt tolerance, plants 2.4.27 Schistosoma japonicum 14.2.34 RSPB 16.4.17, 10.2.7, 6.4.33 salt tolerance, rice, Schistosoma life cycle 16.3.21 RU486 7.2.10 genes controlling 2.4.27 schistosome cercaria p 13.4.16 rubber band model of lung elasticity salt 12.5.35 schistosomes egg p 16.3.21 2.5.24 Salvarsan 1.1.12 schistosomes p d 13.4.16 rubella virus p 17.3.37 Salvinia molesta p 17.2.39 schistosomiasis p 16.3.21, d14.2.34, RUBISCO 13.3.30, 10.2.18, Salvinia p 5.5.8 13.4.16 5.4.30, d3.5.13, 3.5.19, 1.2.34 sample variability 13.4.34 schistosomulum larva 16.3.21 ruderals 10.5.18 samples, variability question 13.4.34 schizophrenia 1.5.2 rumen compartments d 14.4.14 sampling animals 6.3.19 school nursing 14.2.19 rumen microbes p 14.4.14 sampling effort 14.3.11, 3.1.25 Schwann cells rumen microbiology p 14.4.14 sampling in ecology 6.3.19 13.5.32, 12.3.33, p 5.5.20 rumen d 1.4.9 sampling 2.5.14 SCID /SCIDS 10.4.26.1.22, 1.2.19 ruminants, bacteria in gut p 2.2.9 sampling, fieldwork: animals 10.4.23 science centres 12.3.14 ruminants, feed 3.2.11 sampling, fieldwork: plants 10.5.6 science communication 10.2.38 ruminants, S American 1.4.9 SAN, sinoatrial node 19.3.21 Science for Life exhibition 12.3.14 running 18.2.2 sand dunes p 10.5.18 science in society 12.3.14 Ruska 13.2.32 sand lizard p 16.2.38 science journalism 9.4.40 Russian roulette of seedlings 5.5.30 sand silt 7.2.16 science teaching 19.4.18 S, plant nutrient 4.3.12 sandflies 7.2.7 science technician 8.5.21 Sabella p 6.3.2 sandwich courses 14.1.34

50 scientific investigation, making a second generation multiplex (SGM) self-polishing copolymer 2.5.35 16.2.12 DNA testing 16.3.7 self-pollination project 4.1.32 scientific method 16.2.12 second messengers self-purification 2.1.10 scientific research: nature of 12.3.14 8.3.21, 7.3.38, 6.4.16, SEM – see scientific words 6.5.20 5.1.35, 4.4.2, 3.4.19, 2.2.20 scanning electron microscopy scientific writing 3.2.17 secondary aerobic treatment 1.4.35 Semibalanus balanoides p12.4.31 scintigram of salivary glands secondary anaerobic treatment semi-conservative replication p6.3.35 1.4.35 11.3.15, 10.4.15 Sciurus carolinensis secondary cell walls 13.1.14 seminiferous tubule and sperm 16.2.8, p10.4.30 secondary consumer 13.2.25 p13.2.6, p 7.3.28 Sciurus niger 10.4.30 secondary electron detector 5.4.23 semiochemicals,see also Sciurus vulgaris 16.2.8, p 10.4.30 secondary electrons 13.3.6 pheromones 11.5.11, 9.3.29 sclareol 2.3.23 secondary hypertension 12.5.35 semi-permeable membrane 4.2.18 sclera d 17.2.9 secondary immune response 5.5.15 semi-synthetic antibiotics 12.1.36 scleral lens 9.4.29 secondary infection: pancreatitis senescence theory 14.1.2 SCN, suprachiasmatic nuclei 7.4.2 13.5.2 senile dementia 9.1.36 scoliosis 9.2.37 secondary metabolism, plants 2.4.9 Senior House Officer 13.1.39 scorpion with young p 17.2.13 secondary plant growth 1.1.8 sensation 12.4.14 Scot's lovage p7.5.34 secondary productivity 6.5.6 sensorineural hearing loss 19.3.27 Scots pine p 14.1.42 secondary protein structure sensors, temperature 17.2.2 Scottish Crop Research Institute d10.4.32, d 7.5.28, 6.1.31, d1.5.16 sensory adaptation 12.3.33 7.5.31 secondary sewage treatment separation of particles 4.1.15 Scottish Environment Protection 13.4.25 separation 3.4.12 Agency 9.1.25 secondary sex characteristics 19.3.2 septa 2.3.8 Scottish Natural Heritage 18.1.11, secondary succession 14.2.2, septicaemia 7.5.26 6.4.33 12.2.31 septic shock 18.1.2 screening drugs 14.4.34 secondary transport 5.2.2 sequence alignment 11.5.24 screening for cystic fibrosis pd4.4.18 seconds 1.2.22 sequence haemoglobin d 15.4.2 scrub, Acacia 2.3.11 secretin 3.4.37 sequencing the genome 5.5.2 scurvy p 11.5.32, p 6.5.36, p4.2.11 secretion of mucus 5.3.2 Sequoia 19.3.38 Scutigerella immaculata 9.5.2 secretory granules 1.4.18 seral community 14.2.2 Scyphidia physarum p 9.5.31 secretory pathway 13.4.2, 9.3.24 serial dilution 15.1.14 sea anemone, Edwardsia 16.2.38 sedge warbler p 14.3.11 serotonin 12.2.22, d12.1.28, 5.1.35 sea anemones, beadlet 6.2.7 sedimentation coefficient 4.1.15 serotypes 10.4.6 sea butterfly 14.3.20 sedimentation in estuaries 3.5.10 serous cell 5.3.2 sea cucumber, seed bank, decline 16.4.17 Sertoli cells 15.4.10, 13.2.6, 7.3.28 respiratory trees d 3.5.29 seed disinfection 4.5.22 serum albumin 2.3.15 sea hare, Aplysia 14.3.20, p 1.3.2 seed dispersal 17.2.34 serum protein 6.2.40 sea lavender p 7.5.6 seed dressings, insecticidal, seston 6.5.6 Sea Mammal Research Unit 1.4.30 and grey geese 2.1.35 setae 2.3.8 sea mouse p13.3.14 seed germination 2.3.31 seven-rayed starfish p 2.4.32 sea slater p9.3.39 seed quality testing 4.5.28 severe combined immunodeficiency sea slugs p 14.3.20, p1.3.2 seed quality testing, career 7.1.32 syndrome see SCIDS sea slugs, control of Caulerpa seed technology, career in 6.2.18 sewage plant p 1.4.35 p16.1.7 seed viability 18.3.10 sewage treatment 13.4.25, 1.4.35 sea turtles 8.1.6 seeds 2.3.31 sewage treatment: diffused air sea urchins 13.3.14, p 2.4.32 segmentation genes activated d 13.4.25 sea-bed ranching 1.2.25 homeotic mutations 5.4.29 sewage 13.4.25, 1.4.35 seabird colony, ranger 3.3.7 segregation 2.5.2 sewage: purification 13.4.25 seal plague virus p 17.3.37 segregation, law of 18.4.34 Sewall Wright 1.2.30 seals 1.4.30 Selaginella p 6.5.30 sex determination in mammal 7.2.36 seals, crabeater p 3.1.7 selection 19.2.14, 17.4.2, 15.4.7 sex determination, alligator, by seals, northern elephant, male size selection of high yield strain 2.4.9 temperature 7.1.7, 1.2.2 p17.4.2 selection of transformed bacteria sex determination, bees 16.4. 23 sea-pen p 4.4.31 5.1.17 sex determining gene 7.3.28 seashore projects 2.5.30 selection pressure, insecticide1.5.22 sex drive 7.3.28 seasonal hair change 17.4.37 selective sympatric speciation 8.5.7 sex gene expression, alligator 7.1.7 seasons d 3.4.2 selective weed control 18.3.10, sex hormone and bone metabolism seaweed life cycle d 3.4.7 p1.4.23 5.5.11 seaweed menace 16.1.7 selenium 12.5.38 sex pheromones 9.3.29 seaweed products p 3.4.7 self and non-self 5.5.15 sex pilus 9.1.10 seaweed p 6.5.30 self-antigen 19.4.14 sex ratio and incubation temperature seaweeds, as fouling organisms self esteem 19.3.2 in crocodilians 1.2.2 2.5.35 self fertilization 1.5.29 sex ratio d 7.2.36 sebaceous glands 7.1.23, 3.2.2 self transmissible plasmids 10.1.2 sex steroids 19.3.2 seborrhoea 9.1.29 self/non-self discrimination 1.2.19 sex test athletes 3.3.15 sebum 3.2.2 self-fertile, rice 2.4.27 sex-linkage 15.2.36, 5.4.35 second generation anticoagulants self-incompatability 4.1.32 sexual cannibalism 18.3.26 14.2.31 selfish-herd strategy 10.5.31 sexual conflict 18.3.26

51 sexual dimorphism 18.4.18, 11.2.23 sibling species 4.5.8 skeletal proteins 16.4.32 sexual parts of flowers, use sibling 2.5.5 skeleton, echinoderm p 2.4.32 in classification 1.2.38 siblings, relatedness 2.1.33 skeletons 12.3.25, 3.4.23 sexual reproduction in sea sickle cell anaemia 16.4.8, p 15.4.2, sketch 12.2.39 anemones 6.2.7 11.2.2, 10.3.12, 9.4.2, 6.1.16, skewed distributions 7.4.38 sexual reproduction, amoebae 2.2.6 2.3.15, p 1.3.36, p 9.4.2 skill in exam 16.3.27 sexual selection 18.3.26,17.4.24, sickle cell anaemia, inheritance skills, communication 2.1.39 17.4.2, 16.2.24, 11.1.30 6.4.38 skills, problem solving 2.1.39 sexually transmitted infections sickle cell haemoglobin (HbS) 9.4.2 skills, teamwork 2.1.39 12.1.22 siderophores 7.3.2 skin cancer and UVB 2.3.2 SGLT1 cotransporter, glucose sieve elements development skin cancer 4.1.12 and sodium 7.1.28 d13.1.14 skin collagen 6.4.35 SGM plus DNA testing sieve elements 13.1.14 skin grafts 3.2.2 18.3.38, 16.3.7 sieve plates p 13.1.14 skin human 17.2.2 SGM, second generation multiplex sieve tubes p 5.2.2 skin p 3.2.2, d 2.3.2p 1.3.20 DNA testing 16.3.7 sifaka p 16.1.31 skin, scabs, scars p 17.3.2 shade avoidance 17.3.33 sigmoidoscope 9.4.6 skin, vitamin D synthesis 2.3.2 shadowing 13.2.32 sign language 19.1.21 skin: confocal images p 13.1.36 shadowing objects in TEM 19.4.6 signal crayfish, Pacifastacus p6.5.12 skull d 14.2.7 shag, blue-eyed p 3.1.7 signal peptide 15.1.22 skylark and nestling p 16.4.17 shampoos 1.1.24 signal receptors on membranes skylark decline 10.2.7 shark hammerhead p 5.2.7 6.4.16 slave-making ants p 3.5.7 shark skin p 17.4.21 signal transduction d17.4.13, sleep EEG p 3.3.11 shark, great white 5.2.7 12.4.14 sleeping sickness 18.2.25, 19.3.42, shark, leopard p 5.2.7 signal transduction pathway 5.1.27 7.2.7, 6.3.27 shark, Mako p 5.2.7 signalling cascade 17.4.13 slime layer, fouling 2.5.35 shark, tassled wobbegong p 5.2.7 signals, chemical 2.2.20 slime mould p 17.3.21, p 15.3.13 shark, whale p 5.2.7 Signy Island 3.1.7 slit lamp image 17.4.30, p 16.3.18 sharks 5.2.7 silage 11.3.10, 7.5.10 slope 14.3.38 shear force 1.1.2 Silent Spring, book 2.1.35 slow muscle 1.3.30 sheep feeding on seaweed, silica particles in lysosomes 3.2.21 slow oxygen cycling d 3.5.19 Orkney p 3.4.7 silica, in leaves of rice 1.4.6 sludge disposal 1.4.35 sheep ked 7.2.7 silicon in diatoms p 2.1.21 slug control, research 1.2.10 sheep ticks 11.1.6 silicosis 17.3.14 slurry 7.2.16 sheep, uptake of radionuclides silk 17.4.21, 3.3.9 small animals jumping 6.2.30 1.3.12 silver apricot 12.2.13 small intestine d 7.1.28 sheep's fescue p 7.5.34 silver fur 13.2.10 Smalleye 8.3.14 Sheffield University 13.5.29 simian virus 40 7.4.6 small populations 19.3.38 Shelduck p 3.5.10 simple nervous systems 1.3.2 smear testing: cervical 11.4.38 shell loss 14.3.20 Simulium, blackfly 4.3.2 smell, onion 17.3.7 shelled amoebae p 2.2.6 simvastatin 18.1.38 smell: structures d 7.5.2 shellfish 13.1.19 single cell protein 4.4.6, 3.5.34 Smith, Robert 1.1.15 Sherrington 5.1.35 single locus probing: steps d 7.5.38 smog, hydrocarbons 2.2.27 shifting cultivation 2.3.11 single nucleotide polymorphisms, smoke damage to lungs p 2.5.24 shiftwork and body clock 1.2.15 SNPs, snips 14.4.34 smoking and heart disease 18.1.21 Shigella 14.1.22 single-chain variable fragments smoking and lung damage 16.1.36, shikonin 2.4.9 (scFv) 13.5.28 2.5.24 shingles 14.1.37 sinks and sources 14.2.26 smoking in pregnancy 10.1.14 shivering 17.2.2, 4.5.12 sinks, C cycle d 3.3.2 smoking 10.1.14, 5.1.10 shore crab larva p 13.5.7 sinoatrial node (SA node) 18.2.34, smoking, cancer cause 4.1.22 shore crab, holding winkle p 1.3.2 10.1.21, 10.1.25, 8.1.2 smoking, effects 2.3.35 short answer questions 1.3.15 siphonophore, electrical conduction smolt 13.3.29, 6.3.22 short day plants 3.4.2 in d 5.1.27 smooth endoplasmic reticulum short tandem repeats, STRs siphons 7.4.28 in liver cell 7.4.16 18.3.38, 11.4.10 site conservation 10.4.23 smooth muscle 19.4.25, p8.3.2 short term eradication 15.3.33 Sites of Special Scientific Interest smooth newt p 11.5.5 short-chain fatty acids 14.4.14 18.1.11, 16.2.38, 12.3.19, 10.3.25, snail farm French p 3.2.30 short-sightedness 17.4.30 8.2.38, 6.4.33 snail farming 6.3.39 shoulder blade d 2.1.25 situs inversus 18.4.2 snail, lung d 3.5.29 shredders 3.1.25 SIV 14.1.37 snails 3.2.30 shuffling genes in lymphocytes six-spot burnet moth p 10.5.31 snails, aquatic, pest p 14.2.34 5.5.15 size and scaling 6.1.2 snake bite: effect 8.2.7 SI prefixes 6.5.20 size frequency distribution, snake eating gazelle p 5.1.2 SI units 17.3.10, 16.2.30, 5.5.24, limpets 2.5.30 snake venom 8.2.7 1.2.22 size range of things 1.2.22 snipping enzymes, sialic acid 15.2.24 skate 1.2.25 vesicle release 4.2.21 Sialis larva p 2.4.40 skeletal model, interleukin p 5.3.7 snips, SNPs, single nucleotide Siamese cat 5.4.35 skeletal muscle 19.4.25, 11.2.36, polymorphisms 14.4.34 Siberia 12.3.39 p8.3.2, p 6.4.11, p 11.2.36 snow, wren mortality d 4.1.2

52 Snowdonia, Rhododendron 6.1.25 somatostatin gene 5.1.17 speed of contraction, muscle 2.4.2 SNS sympathetic nervous system somatostatin 8.2.15 speed of crocodilians 1.2.2 18.3.21 somatotrophin 12.4.26 spelling 8.4.14 SO2 conc, lichens 15.3.8 song thrush decline 4.1.2 sperm 17.1.2, p 15.4.10, d p 2.1.2 social amoebae 17.3.21 sonic hedgehog 19.4.21 sperm adaptations 10.5.2 social behaviour, ants 3.5.7 Sorghum p 13.3.30, p 2.3.11 sperm competition 18.3.26, 11.1.30, social group, boar 17.4.9 Sorrell, Brian 8.5.32 10.5.2 social insect, honeybee 16.4. 23 sorting proteins 4.2.21 sperm count, cats 14.2.7 social organisation, bees 2.1.33 sorting X and Y sperm 7.2.36 sperm development 13.2.6 Society of Chiropodists and sound 3.1.16 sperm fitness 7.3.28 Podiatrists 11.4.26 sources and sinks 14.2.26 sperm in epididymis p 7.3.28 sockeye salmon 13.3.29 sources, C cycle d 3.3.2 sperm on uterus wall p 7.3.28 SOD, superoxide dismutase Southern blot DNA, Legionella sperm separation by sex 7.2.36 7.4.21 3.5.23 sperm storage, bees 2.1.33 Soda manufacture 1.1.15 Southern blotting 1.1.19 sperm whale p 11.5.24 sodium channel 7.3.38 soya bean p 14.1.15 sperm, effect of lead 2.1.30 sodium channels, kidney 1.3.7 Soya bean pods p 9.1.17 sperm, human meeting egg p9.2.30 12.5.35 soybeans p 17.2.24 sperm, human p14.2.38, d 13.2.6 sodium chloride, regulation space research 3.1.4 spermathecae 2.1.33 by kidney 1.3.7 space-fill model, interleukin p 5.3.7 spermatid 15.4.10, 7.3.28 sodium dodecyl sulphate gel p5.2.39 Spanish dancer 14.3.20 spermatocyte 15.4.10, 7.3.28 sodium ions 12.3.33 spare part surgery 11.1.11 spermatogenesis 15.4.10, 13.2.6, sodium sulphide 12.5.26 sparrow and Fokker triplane p5.1.30 d 7.3.28, 4.4.24 sodium urate 9.1.22 sparrow hawk p 9.4.9 spermatogenesis: inhibition 13.2.6 sodium 13.1.11 sparrowhawk, with great tit p 2.1.35 spermatogonia 15.4.10, 13.2.6, sodium, in diet 1.3.7 SPAs, special protection areas 7.3.28 sodium-potassium pump d 7.1.28 18.1.11, 16.2.38 spermatozoon 15.4.10, 7.3.28 Sod's Law 4.1.17 spat 1.2.25 Sphaerotheca pannosa 8.3.11 soft connective tissues 8.1.27 , salmon 6.3.22 Sphagnum electron micrograph soft keratins 9.3.36 spawning 13.5.7 p 10.1.7 soft X-rays 14.2.38 Special Area of Conservation, SAC Sphagnum 12.3.19, softwood 6.3.30 18.1.11 p 10.1.10, p 1.1.15 soil animal classification d 9.5.2 Specialist Registrar (SpR) 13.1.39 Sphagnum magellanicum p 3.1.32 soil animals 9.5.2 Specialists 17.2.34 Sphagnum papillosum p 3.1.32 soil animals: bioindicators 9.5.2 speciation 16.2.24, 4.5.8, 2.2.2 Sphagnum subnitens p 3.1.32 Soil Association 12.3.2 speciation in sea anemones 6.2.7 S-phase 11.4.2, 11.2.11 soil biology 19.1.16, 18.2.42 species action plans 16.2.38 spherical aberration 1.5.7 soil classification d7.2.16 species concept, biological 16.3.36 sphygmomanometer soil compaction, project 7.4.12 species concept, typological 16.3.36 12.5.9, 9.5.14, p 7.3.19 soil ecology 16.1.10 species diversity and improved spider tortoise p 16.1.31 soil Eden project 15.3.2 pasture 4.4.12 spider, black widow p 16.2.33 soil erosion 2.3.11 species diversity index 9.1.25 spider's web 3.3.9 soil fertility 4.1.28, d 2.3.11 species diversity, see also spiders 18.3.26, p4.5.31, 3.3.9 soil improvement, earthworms 2.3.8 biodiversity 5.5.30 spikelet 6.3.11 soil improvers 11.1.20 species formation patterns 8.5.7 spinal cord d19.2.7, d10.5.26 soil management 7.2.16 species introductions, fish 14.1.10 spinal nerves d 19.1.32 soil microbes 14.3.6 species loss 11.4.18 spindle assembly check d 14.4.37 soil microbes in humification 4.5.31 species recognition 17.4.24, 11.2.23 spindle d 15.4.20 soil organisms in succession 14.2.2 Species Recovery Programmes spindle, mitotic 1.3.20 soil scientist, career as 6.2.18 6.4.33 spine, hedgehog p 4.2.31 soil 5.2.30 species richness 11.4.18 spines, echinoderm 2.4.32 soil, organic residues in 7.4.12 species trait 11.4.18 spiracles 13.4.29 soil, particle sizes for turfs 7.4.12 species 4.5.8 spiral valve, shark 5.1.2 soil, physical aspects 7.4.12 species-specific songs, flies 2.2.2 spiral, logarithmic 4.1.26 soil-borne diseases 2.2.19 species-typical behaviour 4.2.7 Spirillium p 19.4.6, p 13.2.32 soil-less crop culture 4.3.12 specific heat 7.5.6 spirochaete 1.1.12 Solanum tuberosum, potato p 7.5.31 specific immune system 17.1.18 spirometer p 14.4.2 solitary bees 6.4.14 specification 13.1.6 Spirulina p 6.1.28 solstices, summer & winter d 3.4.2 specificity of enzymes 6.2.26 Splachnum p 3.1.32 solute potential 7.3.13 specimen preparation spliceosomes 9.4.2 somatic cells 18.3.6 13.1.36, 13.2.32 spontaneous activity, in nervous somatic cell division 4.4.24 spectra, NMR d 2.4.35 system 1.3.2 somatic cell gene therapy 6.1.22 spectral absorption 17.3.33 spontaneous generation 1.3.26 somatic embryos, plant breeding spectrometer,NMR 2.4.35 spontaneous N fixation 1.4.2 2.2.36 spectrophotometer 3.4.12 spontaneous resistance 12.2.28 somatic gene transfer 7.4.34 spectrum d 13.2.42 spore dispersal, bryophytes 3.1.32 somatic hybrids 8.3.11, d 7.5.31 speculum 11.4.38 spore 1.1.36 somatomedins 7.1.18 speech therapy 8.3.17 spores: bracken 13.5.16 somatostatin and growth 6.4.26 speech therapy, career 3.1.2 sporocyst 16.3.21

53 sporophyte 13.5.16, 1.1.36 starch p19.3.18, d19.1 12, 13.1.27, stomata p13.3.42, 13.3.30, 13.1.14, sporotrichosis 11.1.27 13.1.19, 12.1.2, 7.1.13, 5.1.22, p 9.2.18, 8.5.32, 7.3.13, m p 5.2.2, sporozoites 16.3.31 d2.2.30 p 4.3.7, p 4.2.27 sport and drugs 1.5.2 starch-branching enzyme 18.4.34, Stomoxys 7.2.7 sports drink: designing 13.1.11 3.3.33 stonechat, annual rhythms d 7.4.2 sports medicine 17.1.10 starfish opening cockle p 2.4.32 stop and start codons 2.3.15 sports nutrition 6.2.2 starfish p 2.4.32 stop codon 15.3.24 sports science, career in 6.1.20 start codon 15.3.24 storage in crop 5.1.2 sports training 6.1.20 startle mechanisms 10.5.31 storage of iron 6.1.16 sports turf 7.4.12 State Veterinary Service 10.3.31 storage starch in seeds/tubers sporulation 2.2.30 state 12.2.39, 1.3.15 p 7.1.13 spray drift 16.4.28 State-Registered Chiropodist storing seeds 2.3.31 spread of grey squirrel d 6.2.11 11.4.26 STR analysis 11.4.10 Spriggina 4.4.31 statins 18.1.38, 13.2.2 strain on horse leg bone 3.4.23 spring tail p9.5.2, d6.2.30 stationary phase 3.4.12 strain selection 5.4.27 springtails, response to CO2 levels statistical tests 18.4.28, 14.4.25, strand separation 11.1.18 p 16.1.10 14.3.38, 13.1.30 strand synthesis 11.1.18 sprint versus marathon, statistics 13.5.36, 7.4.38, stratified epithelia 7.1.23 muscle 2.4.2 9.4.15, 9.3.7, 3.2.17 stratospheric ozone 8.4.16, 2.2.27 spruce p 14.2.2 statoliths 12.4.14 straw 6.3.30 squames 12.2.8, 3.2.2 Steinernema nematodes: vine straw, barley, to clear algae squamous epithelia 7.1.23 weevil killed by p 13.5.20 pd 4.3.35 squid giant Steinernema 7.3.7 strawberry pips p11.5.42 4.3.26, 1.3.2, 1.3.27 stem cells and HLA typing 16.4.8 streaking virus, tulips 2.2.36 squirrel coexistence 10.4.30 stem cells 19.4.21, dp16.2.21, Strelitzia p 4.3.7 squirrel competition 10.4.30 15.4.10, 15.2.17, 14.3.33 strength of bones 3.4.23 squirrel habitat management 10.4.30 stem cells in testes 7.3.28 strength, tubular structures d 5.1.30 squirrel population dynamics 6.2.11 stem cells 11.2.2, 5.5.15 streptococci 7.3.2 squirrel, red 16.2.8 stem cells, asymmetric division Streptococcus in fermentation 18.2.6 squirrel: food competition 10.4.30 7.1.18, 7.1.23 Streptococcus cremoris SR,sarcoplasmic reticulum 17.2.21 stem, wheat TS p15.3.16 in cheese making p 3.2.38 SRY, sex determining region stem/root lodging 15.3.16 Streptococcus mutans and of Y-chromosome gene (see also stent 18.1.21 caries 5.2.12 maleness) 7.1.7 steppes 12.3.39 Streptococcus pyrogenes 14.1.22 SSSI - see Site of special stereoisomers 5.5.34 Streptococcus 11.3.10 scientific interest stereotypic behaviour 4.2.7 streptomycin 12.2.28, 4.5.2, 2.3.26 St Abbs head 3.3.7 sterility (ewes eating clover) 14.1.15 stress management 5.2.27 St Ann's River 9.1.14 steroid hormone 15.2.2, 4.4.2, stress resistance of crops 15.1.10 St Petersburg 11.4.10 2.3.2, 2.2.20 stress 2.3.35 stability 11.4.18 steroid hormones in saliva 6.3.35 stress, biological mechanisms 5.2.27 stable equilibrium 15.4.7 steroids 13.3.37, 13.2.2, 1.5.2 stretch receptors 14.4.2 stable fly 7.2.7 sterols 13.2.2 stretch receptors, monitoring stable isotope techniques 12.5.38 Stevenson Baer, William 7.5.26 blood volume 2.4.21 stable/unstable isotopes 4.4.21 stickleback, 3-spined nest building striated muscle stadial growth 13.4.29 17.2.13 p 8.3.2, 2.4.2, p 1.3.30 stag beetles: male p 11.1.30 sticklebacks d 6.5.6 Striga, witchweed p 3.2.35 Stahl, Franklin 11.3.15 sticky leaved liana 2.5.7 stripping 6.3.22 stain for paper fibres 6.3.30 stigma and style p 15.4.42 stroke diabetes 15.2.30 staining 8.1.34 stillage 13.1.27 stroke volume 6.1.6 stalk-eyed flies: male p 11.1.30 stilt p 19.2.14 stroke d19.1.32, 18.2.19, p18.1.42, staminodes 4.3.7 stimulants 12.1.28 13.2.2, 13.1.32 stamp collecting 1.2.38 stimulation of muscle 1.3.30 stroke, cerebral 6.4.35 standard deviation stimuli 1.3.2 stroke: stages d 9.1.36 13.5.36, 13.3.40, 7.4.38 stimulus-response 1.3.2 stroma 1.2.34 standard error of the mean stingless bees 6.4.14 strong acids 8.2.24 13.5.36, 13.4.34 stipe 3.4.7 strongly electric fish 11.2.23 standards 12.2.31 stirred tank reactor d 8.5.35 Strongyloides stercoralis p14.4.21 stanols 13.2.2 STIs 12.1.22 strontium 90 4.5.17 stapes 3.1.16 stoat in winter coat p 17.4.37 STRs, short tandem repeats Staphylococcus p 18.4.21, 18.1.2 stoma, fern p 6.5.30 18.3.38, 16.3.7 Staphylococcus aureus stomach acid 10.3.40 structural colours 17.4.24 2.3.26, p 12.2.28 stomach ulcers 10.3.40 structural formulae 19.1.10, 15.2.28 starch breakdown 9.3.16 stomata 15.2.12 structure of proteins, primary to starch d 16.2.15 stomata density and carbon quaternary d16.4.32 starch grains d p 5.4.16 dioxide levels 6.2.34 structured questions 1.3.15 starch granules p 7.1.13 stomata on fossil leaves, record strychnine d 3.4.37, 1.5.2 starch synthesis, structure d 12.1.2 of carbon dioxide levels 6.2.34 stubble burning p 5.2.30 starch test with iodine 5.4.16 student nurse 16.4.21 stylised gymnosperm ovule d12.2.13

54 subcutaneous fat d 17.3.2, 3.2.2 superoxide radical 9.3.32, 7.4.21 symplastic water routes d 9.2.18 subcutaneous fat, insulating 3.1.36 supersecondary structures symport 5.2.2 subcutaneous mycoses 11.1.27 d 10.4.32 synapses and toxins p16.2.33 sub-imago: mayfly 10.4.18 superweeds 17.2.24 synapses d13.3.10, 12.5.28, subordinate females 13.2.15 support media 5.2.39 p8.4.26, 5.1.35, 1.5.2 subordinate males 13.2.15 suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) synapses, electrical 13.3.10 subspecies 16.3.14 10.1.39, 7.4.2 synapses in sea hare 18.3.2 substrate 19.1.2, 12.1.31 supra-optic nucleus 2.4.21 synapsis 4.4.24 substrate-level phosphorylation supression of immune system synaptic cleft 13.3.10 10.3.22 1.2.19 synaptic connections 1.3.2 sub-unit vaccine 15.1.39 supressor cells 1.2.19 synaptic integration subversion of immune system surface area:volume ratio 17.3.10 13.3.10, 8.4.26, 1.3.2 by parasites 4.5.37 surface epithelia 7.1.23 synaptic plasticity 8.4.26 success, animal groups 2.4.32 surface-volume ratio 6.1.2 synaptic transmission succession 19.2.14, p14.2.2, 13.4.25 surfactant 3.5.29 16.2.33, d13.3.10 succinic acid 1.2.6 surgery, cancer 6.5.14 synaptonemal complex 15.4.20 succinyl coenzyme A 1.2.6 surrogate mothers 6.4.2 synchrotron source 14.2.38 succinylcholine 14.4.34, 8.2.7 Surtsey 1.1.36 syncytial tissue 3.3.15 suckling, inhibits LH 7.1.2 survey 1.3.15 syndactyly 10.2.33 sucrose as photosynthetic product surveys for conservation site Synechococcus, herbicide effect 7.1.13 selection 6.4.33 on d 5.3.35 sucrose hydrolyis 6.2.26 survival of the best 5.1.30 synergist 13.4.9, 9.4.32 sucrose 19.2.30, 19.1 12, 13.1.27, survival rates, squirrel 16.2.8 synoptic content 11.5.14 7.1.13, 7.1.28, 5.1.22, d5.4.16 survival, thermophilic bacteria synovial fluid 1.1.2 suffixes 6.5.20, 2.2.24 6.2.38 synovial joints 1.1.2 sugar absorption in small intestine survivorship curve d 14.4.27 synovitis 4.4.21 d 7.1.28 susceptible 17.3.37 synthases 15.1.2 sugar cane 13.1.27, p 7.1.28 suspended solids 9.1.25 synthetic arteries p 5.1.10 sugar cane, fermentation 2.2.30 suspension culture, plants 2.2.36 synthetic pyrethroids 3.3.30 sugar diabetes 7.3.19, 3.5.37 suspensory ligaments 13.2.36 syphilis Treponema pallidum 15.3.24 sugar phosphates in cells 7.1.28 sustainable agriculture syphilis 1.1.12 sugar transport 7.1.28 5.2.30, 4.1.28 systematic sampling 10.5.6 sugars 9.5.39, 9.2.30 swallows overwintering sites systemic mycoses 11.1.27 suggest 12.2.39, 11.5.14, 1.3.15 pd14.3.11 systemic spread of wound suicide bags, misleading term for swallowtail butterfly caterpillar p6.3.7 response 5.1.27 lysosomes 3.2.21 sweat 17.2.2, 6.2.2, 5.3.20 systole / diastole 2.3.35 sulphonamides 1.1.12 sweat glands 3.2.2 systole 18.2.34, 12.5.35, 12.5.9, sulphonylureas, in diabetes 3.5.37 sweating 4.5.12 9.5.14, 8.1.2 sulphoraphane 12.1.18 sweepnet d 4.5.31 systolic pressure 12.5.35 sulphur dioxide 13.4.21, 13.2.10, sweet molecule structure 9.5.39 T-cell receptor 12.1.32 9.4.32, 1.1.15 sweet tasting molecules d9.5.39 T cells 19.4.14, p18.4.38, d16.3.31, sulphur mustard 6.5.14 sweeteners 5.1.22 dp15.1.39, d14.3.2, 5.5.15, sulphuric acid 13.2.10, 9.4.32 swift nestlings p 10.5.23 4.5.37 sulpur dioxide inhibit plant growth swift, adult: nesting p 10.5.23 T helper cell 1.2.19 3.5.2 swift: European 10.5.23 T killer cell 1.2.19 sum of squares 13.2.40 swimming 18.2.2 T lymphocytes summation 13.3.10 switching in Candida p 7.3.35 13.5.32, 12.1.32, 3.2.2, 1.2.19 Sumner, James 11.1.34 sycamore aphid 3.3.35 T. rex p 19.1.42 Sunburn p 14.4.37 sycamore leaf p 3.5.2 T toxin 4.4.8 sundew 12.3.19, p 2.5.7, p 5.4.10 symbiosis in bryophytes 3.1.32 T wave 10.1.21 sunflower oil 6.5.16 symbiosis 18.4.18, 7.4.8, 3.2.35 tabanids 7.2.7 sunflower seeds 12.5.38, 9.1.17 symbiosis, in N-fixation 1.4.2 tabby pattern gene 5.4.35 sunlight and ozone 2.2.27 symbiosis, nematodes and bacteria tables, presenting data in 3.2.17 sunlight 10.1.7 7.3.7 tadpole tail, enzymes in loss 15.1.2 sunlight, action on N oxides 1.1.15 symbiotic algae in Hydra p 3.4.30 tadpoles p17.2.17 sunlight, and rickets d 2.3.2 symbiotic bacteria in aphids p 7.4.8 tagging GE microorganisms with sunlight: plants 9.3.32 symbiotic bioluminescent bacteria luciferase gene 6.4.30 sun's energy, fate of d 6.5.6 16.4.12 Takakia, living fossil bryophyte3.1.32 supasweet onion 17.3.7 symbiotic origin of mitochondria/ tamarin, golden lion 1.1.8 superbug 19.4.30, 18.4.21 chloroplasts 3.3.15 tamoxifen 11.1.38 super rats 14.2.31 sympathetic nerves 12.5.9 tanagers, coloration p 17.4.24 super trypsin 13.5.2 sympathetic nervous system (SNS) tanning leather p19.1.29, 6.4.35 supercooling 17.2.2, 3.1.7 18.3.21, 12.5.2, 11.4.30, 5.2.27 TAO, trypanosome alternative superdrugs and antibiotics 15.3.24 sympathomimetic amines 1.5.2 oxidase 18.2.25 supergenes 11.3.18 sympathomimetic drugs 11.4.30 tap 18.4.28 superovulation 16.1.2 sympatric isolation 4.5.8 tapeworm p 19.2.2 superoxide anion 11.2.2, 7.4.28 sympatric speciation 16.2.24, 8.5.7 tar 10.1.14 superoxide dismutase (SOD) symplast 13.1.14, 7.3.13 target alteration 12.2.28 10.5.11, 10.3.18, 9.3.32 symplastic loading d 13.1.14 target cell 5.3.25, 2.2.20

55 target pests 7.3.7 temperature effect dissolved oxygen thermoluminescence 8.4.30 targetting liposomes 4.3.32 d 3.1.25 Thermomyces 13.3.19 Tasmanian devil faeces p 19.1.29 temperature regulation 17.2.2 thermoneutral zone 4.5.12 taste 7.5.2, 7.2.19 temperature 12.5.2, 7.5.34 thermophilic bacteria 6.2.38 tattoo removal 3.4.34 temperature, body 3.4.25, 1.4.11 thermophilic organisms 9.2.2 Tatum, Edward 9.1.10 temperature, effect on enzymes thermoplastic 5.4.16 taurine in milk 7.1.2 15.1.2 thermorecepters 12.5.2 taxes 7.2.31 temperature, low, survival in 3.1.7 thermoregulation 17.2.2 taxol 6.5.14 template molecule 16.3.10 thermoregulation, kitten 6.5.26 taxonomic group 12.4.31 template 5.1.20 thermostable proteins 6.2.38 taxonomic hierarchy d 16.4.12 tendons 18.2.2, p8.1.27, 3.4.23 thermostat 17.2.2 taxonomic name stability 9.5.31 tensile strength, cell wall d 3.3.22 Thermus aquaticus 9.2.2 taxonomy of tiger 16.3.36 tentacles 6.2.7 thin layer chromatography, TLC taxonomy tephra 9.2.10 3.4.12 12.3.35, 9.5.31, 8.3.34, 4.4.28 teratogenic 9.1.29 thioesterase 6.5.16 taxonomy: yeast 9.3.10 teratogenicity 2.3.20 thiostrepton 9.4.24 Tay-Sach’s disease 16.4.8, 15.2.36, terminal hepatic vein 5.2.18 third messenger, calcium 2.2.20 11.3.29 terminal respiratory unit d 2.5.24 Thomson’s gazelle p14.2.7, 10.5.31 TB bronchopneumonia 8.2.2 terminally differentiated cells 7.1.18 thoracic duct 12.1.32 TB in AIDs 14.4.21 termination codon 2.3.15 thorny devil p 17.2.2 TB in the lung: x-ray p 8.2.2 termination 9.4.24 threadworms p 19.2.2, 4.3.2 TB testing 15.4.25 termite fungal gardens 3.4.30 threats to frogs 17.2.17 TB transmission, sputum, faeces termites p19.1 12 Three Gorges Dam 14.2.34 15.4.25 termite mound p 11.4.18, p 5.2.30 thrombin 7.2.2, 5.1.10, 2.4.12, TB, tuberculosis 14.4.27, 14.1.37, termite nutrition 5.1.2 1.3.17 p14.1.30, 14.1.22, 12.2.2, 9.4.17, termites, methane production 1.5.12 thrombocytes 13.1.32 9.2.33 , 8.2.2, 7.3.2, 6.4.35, territories, estimating bird 16.4.17 thrombolytic drugs 8.1.2 2.3.26 territory 4.1.2 thromboplastin 5.1.10 TB: diagnostic 8.2.2 tertiary protein structure 13.5.10, thrombosis 13.1.32, 7.2.2, 5.5.20, TBT pollution, dogwhelks 10.4.32, d 7.5.28, 6.1.31, d 1.5.16 2.4.12 18.4.42, 2.5.30 tertiary sewage treatment 13.4.25 thromboxanes 11.2.19, 10.1.25 TBTO, tributyltin oxide 3.3.30 test skin 3.4.34 thromboxase A2, TXA2 15.1.19 TCA, see citric acid cycle test strips, Merck 3.1.25 thrombus forming p 13.1.32 T-cell response following M.leprae testes 15.4.10 thrombus 8.1.2, 7.3.19, invasion of cells p 13.5.32 testis d 13.2.6 7.2.2, p 5.4.7, 10.1.25 teacher, science, career as testosterone d19.1.10, 15.4.10, thrush - cause, symptoms, treatmen t 19.4.18, 4.1.17 15.2.2, 13.2.6, 7.3.28 p7.3.35 TeachFirst 19.4.18 testosterone and hair growth 17.4.37 thrush, in AIDS 7.4.30 tears: lachrymatory factor in onion testosterone, age decline d14.1.2 thrush, oral p 14.4.21, 14.1.37 17.3.7 test-tube babies thylakoid 16.4.2 teasel p 2.5.7 6.1.22, 3.2.13, 2.1.2 thylakoid membranes 8.3.28 techniques, centrifugation 4.1.15 Testudines 8.1.6 thylakoids 9.3.32, pd 3.5.13, 1.2.34 tectorial membrane 3.1.16 tetanus 7.3.2 thymine 12.5.22, 12.1.26, teeth d 14.2.7 tetracycline 12.2.28, 4.5.2 10.4.15, 10.1.36 Tegenaria, housespider p 3.3.9 tetrads 4.4.24 thymus 5.5.15, 1.2.19 tegretol 8.5.15 tetrahedral 10.2.15 thyroglobulin protein 12.2.19 telemetry 1.4.30 Tetrahymena 5.4.40 thyroid gland 12.2.19, d 6.2.14 teleology 19.2.14 Tetraplodon p 3.1.32 telomerase hypothesis 14.1.2 tetrazolium seed test 4.5.28 12.4.29, 12.2.19, 2.2.20 telomerase 11.2.28 tetrodotoxin 16.2.33 thyrotrophin-releasing hormone telomere shortening d 11.2.28 T-even bacteriophage p 3.2.6 (TRH) 12.2.19 telomeres and ageing d14.3.33 Th lymphocytes 1.2.19 thyroxine 12.2.19, 11.3.25, d 6.2.14 telomeres: action d 11.2.28 thalassaemia 16.4.8, 14.4.34,12.5.6, tick life cycle d 11.1.6 telophase p19.3.34, d14.4.37, 9.4.2, 6.1.16, 6.1.22, 1.3.38 ticks p 14.3.2, 13.3.14 p8.5.2, 4.4.24, 1.3.20 thale cress p 15.3.13 ticks: disease 11.1.6 TEM vs light microscopy d 19.4.6 thalidomide 4.3.18 ticks: sheep 11.1.6 TEM, transmission electron Thecamoeba, ingested tidal rhythms 7.4.2, 1.2.15 microscopy p19.4.6, d2.1.21 cyanobacteria in p 2.2.6 tidal volume 14.4.2 temperature and coat 17.4.37 T-helper cells d 19.4.34 tiger conservation p .3.36 temperature and development rate, theobromine 14.2.22 tight junctions 15.4.10, d p 7.1.23 blowfly 6.1.38 therapeutic cloning 18.3.6 Tilapia 14.1.10 temperature and flowering time therapeutic genes 10.4.2 tillage 19.2.21, 7.2.16 3.4.2 therapeutic range 8.5.15 tillering 17.3.33 temperature and plant growth thermal acclimatisation 17.2.2 timber treatment, effect on bats 15.2.12 thermal balance: mechanisms 3.3.30 temperature control 12.5.18 d 8.4.19 time-zone transitions and body temperature dependent sex thermodynamics 5.5.26 clock 1.2.15 determination 8.1.6, 7.1.7, 1.2.2 thermogenesis 1.4.11 tin in antifouling paints 2.5.35 thermograph, human p 4.5.12 Tiselius, Arne 7.1.35

56 tissue assembly 11.1.11 trademarks 7.2.14 transmission of HIV, tissue culture 7.5.31, 1.4.28 trafficking proteins 1.4.18 mother to child 7.4.30 tissue culture, plants 5.3.31,d 2.2.36 training, physiotherapy 4.4.16 transmission, HIV 14.1.37 tissue culture, virus growth 3.2.6 training, see career 2.5.22 transpiration 18.1.33, 15.2.12, tissue culture: fast 10.3.2 transamination 12.5.15 13.3.30, 10.2.18, 7.5.6, 2.4.27 tissue damage 17.1.18 transcription 18.4.34, 15.3.24, transpiration by parasitic plants tissue dwelling nematodes 4.3.2 15.1.22, 12.5.22, 12.2.8, d 9.4.2, 3.2.35 tissue engineering 8.1.14, d6.5.2, 5.1.20, d 4.5.2, transpiration project 4.1.32 19.4.21, 15.2.17, 11.1.11 2.3.15 transplant rejection 1.2.19 tissue explants 2.3.20 transcription factors 15.2.9 transplanted nuclei 2.5.5 tissue fluid formation 13.1.2 transcription regulation d15.2.9 transplanted organs 3.4.34, 1.2.19 tissue hypoxia 8.1.20 transcytosis d 1.4.18 transplants: liver 13.3.22 tissue plasminogen activator transducer 15.4.32 transport across membranes 5.5.20 7.3.25, 7.2.2, 2.4.12 transducing protein 2.2.20 transport and storage proteins tissue rejection 9.2.23 transduction 12.3.33, 12.2.28 16.4.32 tissue repair 19.4.21, 7.1.18 transduction, bacterial transport in cell 17.3.14 tissue repair, inactivation chemoreception 1.1.27 transport in chloroplasts 1.2.34 by smoking 2.5.24 transduction in bacteria transport vesicle 1.5.16 tit, great, at nest p 17.2.13 19.4.30, d18.4.21 transport, plant cells 5.2.2 title of work 18.4.28 transect: belt 10.5.6 transport: plants 13.1.14 Tk lymphocytes 1.2.19 transect: line 10.5.6 transporters d 6.4.16 TNF, tumour necrosis factor 7.2.23 transects for birds 16.4.17 transporters, for glucose uptake TNT 14.3.6 transfer RNA 4.5.2 2.1.16 tobacco economies 10.1.14 transfer genes 18.4.21 transposon transfer d 9.1.10 tobacco mosaic virus p 3.2.6 transferases 15.1.2, 12.1.31 transposons 18.2.10, 10.1.2 tobacco plant, fungicide 2.3.23 transferrin 6.1.16 traveller's tree p 4.3.7 tobacco smoke 10.1.14 transformation of yeast 7.2.28 trawl net 1.2.25 tobacco use 10.1.14 transformation 12.2.28 treating TB 8.2.2 tocopherol 6.5.36 transformation in bacteria tree climbing by Archaeopteryx toll receptors 18.1.2 19.4.30, 18.4.21 2.5.11 tomato, Flavr Savr 7.4.34 transformed cells 1.3.38 tree ferns p 14.2.2 tomogram 14.3.24 transforming data 14.4.25 tree kangaroo p 7.1.10 tonoplast 8.2.34, 7.3.13, 5.2.2 transforming growth factor 7.1.18 tree shrew p 8.4.30 tonoplast intrinsic proteins (TIPs) transfusion scientist 17.2.30 tree sparrow p 16.4.17 9.2.18 transgenes 18.2.10, 15.2.39, tree trunk section d 6.3.30 tooth decay and fluoride 3.3.26 11.4.24, 10.2.40 trees 18.1.33 tooth decay 5.2.12 transgenic animals 11.5.36 Trematomus p 4.5.5 tooth structure p17.2.30, d5.2.12, transgenic chickens 11.5.36 trends and patterns 18.3.18 3.3.26 transgenic farm animals 15.2.39 Trent Biotic Index 3.1.25 top carnivores 6.5.6, 3.1.25 transgenic mice 7.3.28, Treponema pallidum Syphilis top-down control 15.3.33 6.1.22, 4.1.22, p 2.5.5 15.3.24 topoisomerase 10.4.15 transgenic pigs for HDAF TRF, tropical rain forest diversity torpedo ray p 11.2.23 production d 9.2.23 5.5.30 torr 5.4.23 transgenic pigs 9.2.23 triacylglycerol 6.5.16, 4.2.37 tortoises 4.4.28 transgenic plants 11.5.39, 6.5.16 trials, drugs 4.2.15 tortoiseshell cats 5.4.35 transgenic seeds 7.1.32 Triatoma 7.2.7 Tortula p 3.1.32 transgenic sheep, pharmaceuticals tributyltin pollution, dogwhelks totipotent cells 7.5.31, 2.5.5 from 7.3.25 2.5.30, 2.5.35 touch, response of plant to, transgenics 2.5.5 tributyltin 13.5.7 project 4.1.32 trans-Golgi network 1.4.18 tricarboxylic acid, TCA, cycle see toxic materials, as pollutants 2.1.10 transit peptides 3.5.13 citric acid cycle toxic shock syndrome 8.5.38 transition state analogue 5.4.40 Trichinella spiralis 13.5.20 toxic waste, response of transition state d19.1.2, 6.2.26 trichocytes 9.3.36 sea-bed organisms 2.1.10 transitory starch used overnight Trichoderma reesei 13.3.19 toxicology 1.1.12 7.1.13 Trichomanes speciosum p 12.3.35 toxin/IL2 conjugate 1.2.19 translation 18.4.34, d18.2.25, trichomes 10.1.7, 4.2.27 toxins 16.2.33 15.1.22, 12.5.22, 9.4.24, 8.1.14, trichromatic theory 19.3.28 toxins, bats 3.3.30 6.5.2, 5.1.20, 2.3.15 Trichuris, whipworm p 4.5.37, 4.3.2 Toxoplasma cysts p 14.4.21 translocation 9.4.24, 8.4.2, 1.3.20 trickling filters p 1.4.35 TPA,tissue plasminogen factor 7.2.2 translocation in phloem sieve tube Trifolium repens 13.5.29 trabeculae 12.3.25 7.1.13 Trifolium legume meadow 19.1.16 trabeculae: falcon skull p 12.3.25 translocator protein 1.2.34 trigeminal stimulant 7.5.2 trabecular bone p 8.1.27, 5.5.11 transmembrane proteins 6.4.16 triglycerides d 15.4.36, 15.3.37, tracers, isotopes as 4.4.21 transmissible spongiform 13.2.2, 6.5.16, 6.2.2, 5.5.20, tracheal cilia and dust p 16.1.36 encephalopathies (TSEs) 3.4.37, 2.1.16 tracheal system 13.4.29, d 3.5.29 10.5.38, 10.4.32 11.3.25, d 6.2.14 tracheids 18.1.33, p14.1.42, 6.3.30 transmission electron microscope trilobites p 4.4.31 Trachipleistophora hominis p13.3.14 p19.4.6, 13.3.6, dp13.2.32, Trinidad 9.1.14 tracking GE microroganisms 6.4.30 d2.1.21 trioses 5.4.16

57 Trioxys pallidus 6.4.7 Turing, pattern development 2.2.36 urban gull p 15.3.8 triphenyltin 2.5.35 turkeys p 11.2.36 urban kestrel p 15.3.8 triple helix, collagen 15.1.22, 6.4.35 Turkish crayfish, Astacus p 6.5.12 urbanisation 15.3.8 trisomy 21 11.3.29, 10.5.11, 4.4.24 Turner's syndrome 4.4.24 urate 18.4.7 tritanopia 19.3.28 turnstones, migration map pd14.3.11 urea 18.4.7, d17.4.6, 12.5.18, Tritonia 14.3.20 turtles 8.1.6 11.1.34, 9.1.22, d8.5.27 Tritonia escape reflex pd 1.3.2 twitch, muscle 1.3.30 urea: reabsorbing 8.5.27 tRNA, transfer RNA two-point attachment ureaformaldehyde 12.3.19 d 15.3.24, 11.3.2, 9.4.24 hypothesis, auxin 3.3.22 urease 15.4.32, 11.1.34, 5.4.40 trophic hormones 5.3.25 tympanometry 19.3.27 urease in soil 4.2.2 trophic level 17.1.38, 16.1.10 typhlosole 5.1.2 ureotelic 8.5.27 trophic levels 6.5.6, 3.1.25 typhoid bacillus 9.4.17 Urey, Harold 11.3.2 trophoblast 12.4.4, 6.4.2 typhoid fever 7.3.2 uric acid d18.4.7, d17.4.6, 9.1.22 tropic movement 12.4.14 typhus 14.4.27 uric acid, in land snails 3.2.30 tropical agriculture 1.4.28 typhus and lice 4.1.37 uric acid: structure d 8.5.27 tropical biome Eden project 15.3.2 tyrosine 14.2.14, 13.1.19, 12.4.29, uricolytic pathway 8.5.27 tropical rain forest Eden project 12.2.19, d 6.2.14 uricotelic 8.5.27 15.3.2 ubiquitin 6.4.26 urinary incontinence 8.3.2 tropical rain forest regeneration UCAS 14.1.34, 8.2.22, 5.3.23 urine 16.2.2, 12.5.18, 9.1.22, 17.2.34 UFAW 4.2.7 5.3.20, 3.5.37, 2.4.21, 1.3.7 tropical rain forests 1.1.8 UIgM 2.3.15 urine glucose testing p15.2.30 tropical rain forests, rate of loss UK National DNA Database 16.3.7 urine testing 1.5.36 1.1.8 ulceration in diabetes urine testing, chromatography 5.1.40 tropocollagen 3.4.34 18.4.10, 15.2.30 urine volume 5.3.20 tropospheric ozone 8.4.16, 2.2.27 ulcers 19.3.15, 15.2.17 urticaria p19.2.11 trout d 6.5.6 ulcers treatment 3.2.2 US Environmental Protection gency trout, brown 14.1.10 ulcers, surgical wounds repair 7.1.18 3.3.2 trout, rainbow 14.1.10 ultracentrifuge 11.3.15, 4.1.15 USDA, Department of true-breeding variety 2.5.2 ultrafiltration 16.2.2, 12.5.9 Agriculture 3.2.35 trypanosomes p19.3.42, p18.2.25, ultramicrotome p19.4.6, 13.2.32 use information in 12.2.39 p15.2.42, 8.1.37, pd6.3.27 ultrasound p 11.3.29 uses of transfusion 3.5.25 trypanosomiasis 18.2.25, 7.2.7, ultrasound analysis 4.5.20 Usher syndrome 19.1.21 6.3.27 ultrasound image: fetus and uterus contractions, oxytocin 7.1.2 Tryphophyllum 2.5.7 placenta p 12.4.2 uterus 7.2.10, 6.4.2, 3.2.13 trypsin 13.5.2, 5.4.10 ultrasound imaging p19.4.10, 8.2.27 uterus, macaque, body scan p3.2.13 trypsinogen 5.4.10 ultrasound scan pd 8.2.27 utilitarian arguments 13.3.26 tryptophan 12.2.22, 13.1.11, 12.1.28 ultrasound therapy 8.2.27 Utricularia species p 12.3.19 Ts lymphocytes 1.2.19 ultrasound: uses in medicine 8.2.27 uUltrasound imaging p 14.3.24 Tsar Nicholas II 11.4.10, 8.2.18 ultraviolet (UV) radiation UV damage to DNA 4.1.12 tsetse fly p19.3.42, 18.2.25, 13.2.36, 8.4.16, 2.2.27 UV fluorescence p 17.2.42 p15.2.42, p7.2.7, p6.3.27 ultraviolet receptors 17.4.24 UV light, skin cancer 3.2.2 tsetsefly trap p 7.2.7 ultraviolet spectrophotometer 8.5.15 UV protection, ozone 2.2.27 t-test 9.4.15 ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B) UV radiation, Antarctica 3.1.7 T-toxin gene 5.1.17 10.1.7, 9.5.18 UV radiation, rickets cure 2.3.2 tube feet 2.4.32 umbilical cord p 12.4.2 UV reflectance in blue tits 17.4.24 tuberculoid leprosy 13.5.32 undercoat hair 17.4.37 UVA, UVB, UVC 2.3.2 tuberculosis – see TB understorey 4.5.31 UVB and skin cancer 2.3.2 Tubifex d6.5.6 undulipodium 6.3.2 vaccination 14.4.27, 14.1.30 tubulin 6.5.14, 6.3.2 unicellular epithelia 7.1.23 vaccination 9.4.17, p 5.5.15 tubulin, alpha and beta d 2.5.18 Unilever Research Lab 2.3.28 vaccine 19.1.24, 16.3.31, 14.1.37 tui p 19.3.10 United Nations Food and Agriculture vaccine for HIV, problems 3.4.15 tulip, flower break virus p 3.2.6 Organisation 10.3.25 vaccine production: plants 8.1.31 Tullgren funnel d 4.5.31 units of measurement 18.4.28, vaccine, contraceptive 7.2.10 tumour associated antigens, TAA 16.2.30 vaccine, malaria 15.1.29 d15.1.39 Universal Bill of Human Rights vaccines from plants 16.1.21 tumour cell cycle d11.3.36 1948 12.2.36 vaccines, cancer 15.1.39 tumour cells 6.2.20, 5.4.7 universal code 8.1.14 vaccines: schistosomiasis 13.4.16 tumour development d 11.3.36 Universities Federation for Animal vaccines: type d 8.1.31 tumour in lung alveolus p 14.4.37 Welfare 4.2.7 vacuole, plant cell 5.2.2 tumour necrosis factor 4.1.22 university degree costs 14.1.34 vacuum evaporator 19.4.6, 3.2.32 tumour p 17.2.30, 16.1.26, 7.4.6, university entry 14.1.34, 5.3.23 valence electrons 3.3.22 6.1.36, 4.1.22, p 5.4.7 university lecturer 8.1.25 valency 19.1.10, 16.2.15, 15.2.28 tumour suppressor genes 16.1.26, university people 17.1.14 valgus stance d 9.2.37 11.3.36, 11.1.38 University, choosing 5.3.23 valine 12.5.15 tundra 13.2.15, 12.3.39, p 6.2.34 up-regulation 12.2.6 valine, production of capsaicin 2.4.9 tungara frog: male p 11.1.30 uptake from soil of radionuclides valinomycin 1.5.36 turbinates 7.5.2 1.3.12 valves 19.3.15, 7.3.19 turf grass science 7.4.12 Upton-on-Severn p 14.1.7 vampire bats p 8.1.37 turgor pressure 8.3.38, 7.5.6, 7.3.13 urban fox p 15.3.8 vampire bats:feeding 8.1.37

58 vampire myth 16.4.2 vessel elements: development vitamin K epoxide reductase (EPR) van Leeuwenhoek, Antoni 2.2.30 d13.1.14 14.2.31 vanadium 1.4.2 vestibular nuclei 12.5.28 vitamins 12.2.16, 11.5.32, 6.5.36 vancomycin 11.5.18 vestigial structures 1.2.30 vitreous humour d 17.2.9 vapour pressure 11.1.14 vet nurse, training 1.5.14 vitro genetic manipulation d 10.1.2 variable, dependent 14.3.38, 14.3.11 vet training 1.5.14 vitro recombination d 10.1.2 variable, independent veterinary medicine 10.3.31 viviparous fishes 9.1.14 14.3.38, 14.3.11 veterinary nurse, career 1.5.14 viviparous 3.3.35 variables 18.4.28, 9.4.15, 7.4.38 veterinary school entrance 10.3.31 VLDL, very low density lipoprotein variance 13.1.30, 7.4.38 veterinary surgeon, career 1.5.14 14.2.14, 5.5.20, 4.2.37 variation 19.4.10, 17.2.13, 13.5.36, Vibrio cholerae bacterium p 17.4.13, VO2 max 17.1.10 1.2.30 p 14.1.7, 7.3.2 VO2 6.5.24, 6.2.2 variation in Brassica project 4.1.32 Vibrio fischeri 14.3.6, 13.2.28 volatile flavour compounds in variation, shells, dogwhelks 2.5.30 Vibro fischeri within fish p13.2.28 cheese 15.4.36 variegated leaf, chlorophyll in p 4.3.7 viceroy butterfly p 11.3.18 volcanoes p 14.2.2 varicose veins 19.3.15 vicuna 1.4.9 voltage gated channels 4.3.26 Varroa jacobsoni: p 10.2.23 villi p 13.5.10, voluntary control of breathing 14.4.2 varroa mite, honeybees p 6.4.14 12.5.18, 7.1.28, p 7.1.23, 3.4.37 voluntary work 6.3.25 vascular membrane 13.1.14 villi: placental 12.4.2 volunteer work overseas 16.1.31 vasectomy 13.2.6, 7.2.10 villous placenta 12.4.4 Vorticella: p 13.1.36, p 9.5.31 vaso - motor centre 12.5.9 Vioxx 18.4.15 vultures p 18.3.42 vasoconstriction 17.1.10, 7.2.7, viral disease in red squirrel 6.2.11 vulval papillomatosis 12.1.22 4.5.12 viral infection of food fermentations Waksman, Selman 11.5.18 vasoconstriction, diving 1.4.30 3.2.38 wall pressure 7.3.13 vasodilatants in saliva of viral plagues 17.3.37 wall proteins, plant wound response blood suckers 7.2.7 viral replication 7.4.30 5.1.27 vasodilation 12.5.2, 4.5.12 virion 3.2.6 wallabies p19.3.10, 7.1.10 vasodilator drugs 14.4.18 virulence 19.1.24 wallaby: suckling newborn p 10.1.32 vasopressin 5.3.20, 2.4.21 virulence determinants, E. coli Wallace, Alfred Russell vasospasm 5.5.20 1.2.12 11.3.18, 5.5.30, 1.2.30 VCO2 6.5.24 virulence plasmids 1.2.12 walnut aphid 6.4.7 vector, malaria 15.1.29 virus life cycle 3.2.6 waltzing mice 5.5.39 vectors 17.3.37 virus resistant crops 16.1.21 wapiti 13.5.24 vegetable oils 6.5.16 virus resistant plants 7.4.34 Warburg, Otto 1.1.30 vegetative propagation viruses 17.3.37, 3.2.6, 1.3.38 warden,national nature reserve 3.3.6 8.3.11, 2.2.36, 2.2.30 viruses and cancer 7.4.6, 4.1.22 warfarin 14.2.31, 12.4.39, 6.5.36, vegetative reproduction, algae viruses as parasites 3.2.6 2.4.12, 1.3.17 16.1.7 viruses: modified 8.1.31 warm temperate biome Eden project vein 19.3.15, p18.2.34, 12.5.18, virus-free plants 2.2.36 15.3.2 d7.3.19 virus-resistant GM tomato p 4.4.8 warning coloration 17.4.24, 14.3.20 velcro 17.4.21 viscose d p 5.4.16 Warnock Committee 6.1.22 vellus hair 3.2.2 Viscum, mistletoe p 3.2.35 warts 12.2.8 vena cava d 14.2.14 Vision 19.1.36,1.5.7 wasp p 17.3.25 venae comitantes d 9.1.2 vision, bird 17.4.24 wasp sting p 19.2.11 venereology 12.1.22 vision, cat, binocular 6.5.26 wasp, bee, hoverfly compared venoms 16.2.33 vision, colour 19.3.28 17.3.25 venous return 19.3.15 visual acuity 17.4.24 wasps, cf bees 2.1.33 ventilation 14.4.2, 7.5.22, 2.5.24 visual clliff, kitten p6.5.26 waste (sewage) 1.4.35 ventilator p 16.1.36 visual defects 17.4.30 waste stabilisationponds p 1.4.35 ventilatory mechanisms 3.5.29 visual pathway p 19.1.32 WATCH groups 6.4.33, 3.1.25 ventricle 19.3.21, p9.5.14 visual pigments d19.3.28, 19.1.36, water absorption in gut 3.4.19 ventricular fibrillation (VF) 10.1.25 5.4.2 Water Act 1989 2.4.40 ventricular pacemakers p 8.1.2 vital capacity, lung 14.4.2, 11.5.32, water and plant yield 15.2.12 ventricular tachycardia 10.1.25 5.4.2 water balance 16.2.2, 2.4.21 venules 7.3.19 vitamin A 17.4.24, d 16.4.2 water bamboo 10.2.2 Venus fly trap vitamin A toxicity 6.5.36 water beetle, Dytiscus p 3.1.25 p 5.4.10, p 4.3.26, p 2.5.7 vitamin B 11.5.32 water boatman d 6.5.6, 3.1.25 Vermicompost p18.3.14, 2.3.8 vitamin B6 toxicity 6.5.36 water buffalo p14.2.34 vernal species 9.4.21 vitamin C 12.5.38, 11.5.32, water buffalo ploughing rice field vernalisation 3.4.2 7.4.21,6.1.16, 4.2.11 p 1.5.12 verocytotoxins 10.3.9 vitamin D deficiency, Asians water canals, starfish d 2.4.32 vertebra d2.1.25 in Britain 2.3.2 water channels 9.2.18 Verticillium lecanii 11.4.6 vitamin D toxicity 6.5.36, 2.3.2 water cycle d Eden project 15.3.2 vesicles p18.1.16, p1.4.18 vitamin D 11.5.32, 2.3.2 water fern, Azolla p 5.5.8, p 1.4.2 vesicles, calcium ion store 2.2.20 vitamin deficiencies 6.5.36 water flow in plants 7.3.13 vesicular transport 4.2.21 vitamin depletion studies 4.2.11 water hoglouse, Asellus vesper bats 11.2.5 vitamin E 7.4.21, 6.5.36 p 3.1.25, p 2.4.40 vessels in wood 18.1.33 vitamin K 14.2.31, 2.4.12 water hyacinth p 14.2.34, p 5.5.8 water lettuce p 5.5.8

59 water loss in plants 12.4.42 what is biotechnology? 3.1.40 wood ant p 3.5.7 water loss, stomata 6.5.30 wheat stem TS p 15.3.16 wood pigeon p 19.3.10 water mites 3.1.25 wheat wood section p 14.1.42, d6.3.30 water molecule 2.4.18 13.3.30, 6.3.11, p5.4.30, p5.1.30, wood, structure p 18.1.33 water molecule: polarity 8.3.38 d 2.3.31 woodland ecology 12.2.31, 4.5.31 water movement in plants d 7.3.13 wheat, fungal disease d 4.5.22 woodland islands 4.4.12 water pollution monitoring 9.1.25 wheat, lodging in p15.3.16 woodlice behaviour projects 7.2.31 water potential 17.4.34, 13.5.10, whipworm (Trichuris trichuria) woodlice 9.3.39, p4.5.31 12.5.18, 12.4.11, 7.3.13, d 13.5.20, p 4.5.37, 4.3.2 woodlice, Porcellio p7.2.31 7.5.6, 3.3.22 whirligig mite p 9.2.7 woodlouse: common rough p9.3.39 water quality, marine 2.1.10 whistling duck p 18.1.7 woodlouse: common shiny p9.3.39 water quality: monitoring 9.1.25 white blood cell woodlouse: common striped p9.3.39 water retention in plants 7.3.13 undergoing apoptosis p 9.3.2 woodlouse: female d9.3.39 water soluble vitamins 11.5.32 white blood cells 19.4.34, p19.4.14, woolly mammoth 12.3.39 water stress 7.3.13 17.2.21, 7.3.11, 5.5.15, 2.5.24, word roots 6.5.20 water supply 14.2.34 1.2.19 words 13.3.34 water-tension 18.1.33 white clawed crayfish, words, meaning of 6.5.20, 2.2.24 water treatment 13.4.25 Austropotamobius work 5.5.26 water uptake in germination p16.2.38, p 6.5.12 worker bees 16.4. 23 d 2.3.31 white fat 1.4.11 worker bees p 2.1.33 water use efficiency 10.2.18 white muscle 1.3.30 workers 6.4.14 water 13.1.11, white rhino suckling young p 7.1.2 World Conservation Monitoring 12.5.9, 12.2.16, 8.3.38, 7.5.34 white spotting gene 5.4.35 Centre (WCMC) 10.3.25 water: hydrogen bonding d 8.3.38 white willow 13.4.21 World Conservation Union 10.3.25 water: ionisation 8.2.24 white-letter hairstreak butterfly World Health Organisation (WHO) water: plants 7.5.6 p 12.2.31 17.3.37, 14.1.22, 12.2.28, 12.3.2, water; cohesiveness 8.3.38 white-tip shark p 10.2.10 13.2.19, 13.2.6, 13.5.28, 10.4.11, water-borne diseases 14.4.27 white-winged vampire 8.1.37 10.3.33, 9.4.17, 7.5.10, 7.4.30, waterbath 18.4.28 whole body calorimeters 9.2.33 6.1.16 waterlogging 7.2.16, 2.3.11 whole cell vaccine 15.1.39 world population growth d 1.5.12 waterwheel plant 2.5.7 whole-mount chick embryo p 8.1.34 World Wide Fund for Nature 1 0.3.25 Watson and Crick p 5.3.7, 4.2.25 whooping cough vaccine 10.4.11 World Wide Web: A level biologists Watson, James whooping cough 10.4.11, 9.4.17 guide to 10.4.26 11.3.2, 10.4.15, 10.1.36, 8.1.14 Why?' questions in biology 5.1.30 worm infections in AIDS 14.4.21 wavelengths of light 17.4.24, 17.3.33 wild animals, fat in 3.1.36 worms 13.3.14 wave-type fish 11.2.23 wild arum p 14.3.11 wort 5.3.10 wax 2.1.33 wild boar in UK p 17.4.9 wound healing dp17.3.2 weak acids 8.2.24 wild garlic p9.4.21 wound healing 5.4.7 weakly electric fish 11.2.23 wild garlic: flower development wound healing: maggots 7.5.26 weaning 17.3.28 d 9.4.21 wounding, plants 5.1.27 weasel p 12.4.18 wildebeest p 12.4.31 writing project reports 2.5.14 weaver ants p 3.5.7 wildflower meadows 6.4.33 writing reports 3.2.17 web sites: useful 10.4.26, 10.2.26 Wildfowl and Wetland Trust 12.3.8 writing skills 8.4.14 Weddell seal p 11.5.24, p 6.1.6 Wildlife and countryside Act 1981 Wuchereria bancrofti 13.5.20 weed control 18.3.10, p 4.1.28 10.4.30, 8.4.11, 6.5.12, 6.4.33 Wuchereria 4.3.2 weed control, selective p 1.4.23 Williams syndrome 12.4.36 wych elm p 12.2.31 weedkiller 1.4.23 willow 13.4.21 wyerone 2.3.23 weeds and pests from hedgerows willow bark, origin of aspirin 7.1.38 X and Y sperm, sorting 7.2.36 16.4.28 willow products 13.4.21 xanthan gums 4.5.25 weeds 6.1.25 willows: biomass 13.4.21 xanthophyll 3.4.7 weeping willow 13.4.21 willows: cloning 13.4.21 Xanthoria lichen p3.4.30 weevil, control of Kariba weed willows: electricity 13.4.21 xanthoxin 2.3.23 17.2.39 willows: land reclamation 13.4.21 xenograft guidelines 12.2.36 weight loss 14.1.37 willows: water purification 13.4.21 Xenopus 2.5.5 weightlifters 1.3.30 Wilms tumour 8.3.14 xenotransplantation 9.2.23 Weil's disease 12.4.39, 3.1.25 Windermere p 8.5.17 xenotransplantation: ethics 12.2.36 weirs p 7.2.39 Windermere Charr p 8.5.17 xenotransplants 13.3.22, 12.1.14 welfare: poultry 11.4.14 wing development 10.4.18 xeroderma pigmentosum western diamondback rattlesnake winter flounder antifreeze d 4.5.5 11.3.36, 4.1.12 p 8.2.7 witchweed, parasitism p 3.2.35 xerophthalmia 5.4.2 wet deposition, acid rain 1.1.15 withdrawal effects, caffeine 14.2.22 xerophytes 7.3.13 wetlands 1.5.12 Woese, Carl 9.5.31 X-ray crystallography 15.3.24, whale flukes p14.3.42 Wohler, Friedrich 11.1.34 6.1.31, 5.3.7, 1.1.12 whale population estimation by DNA wolf p 12.4.18 X-ray diffraction of DNA d 4.2.25 16.3.14 Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome, X-ray diffraction 8.1.31 whale, southern right p 17.3.10 genetics 1.1.21 X-ray microanalysis 13.2.32 whales 1.4.30 Wolpert, Lewis 11.4.1 13.2.42, 13.3.6, p2.1.21 whales, baleen, decline d 2.2.15 womb 7.2.10 X-ray microscopy 14.2.38 whaling 2.2.15 wombat p 17.2.28 X-ray seed test p 4.5.28

60 X-ray, heart p 2.3.35 zoospores 14.4.14 X-ray, osteoporosis p 2.1.25 ZP1, ZP2, ZP3 glycoproteins 17.1.2 X-ray, p14.3.24, p14.2.14, p14.1.30, Z-scheme, photosynthesis 1.5.32 7.3.11, 5.2.15 zwitterions 5.2.39 X-rays, in irradiation of food 1.4.25 zwitterions, amino acids as 7.1.35 X squared test 18.4.28 zygotene 4.4.24 X-linked inheritance 19.3.28 zymase 2.2.30 XY chromosomes zymogen granules 9.3.24, p13.5.2 7.3.28, 7.2.36, 2.5.2 zymogens 5.4.10, 3.4.37, 2.3.15 xylem cells: differentiation 13.1.14 xylem pd18.1.33, p17.2.42, p14.1.42, 13.1.14, 7.5.6, 6.5.30, p4.1.8, 3.1.32, 6.3.30 xylem vessel element in Arabidopsis p13.1.14 xylem vessels p15.1.42, 7.3.13 xyloglucan 4.1.8 Y chromosome 7.3.28 Yangtze River p14.2.34 yardstick 1.2.22 yeast cells of Candida p 7.3.35 yeast cells p 7.2.28 Yeast Genome Project 9.3.10 yeast Kluveromyces, cheese 15.4.36 yeast p 15.3.13 yeast research 9.3.10 yeast 18.4.28, 13.1.27, 9.3.10, p 2.2.30, 5.3.10 yeast, life cycle d 2.2.30 yeast: gene inheritance 9.3.10 yeast: mating types 9.3.10 yeast: taxonomy 9.3.10 yeast-like fungus 7.3.35 yeild, crop 7.3.32 Yekaterinburg 11.4.10 yellow underwing p 11.2.5 Yellowstone National Park 13.5.24, 11.4.18, 9.2.2 yoghurt 18.2.6, 11.3.10 ythium radioisotope in synovitis 4.4.21 Young, Thomas 19.3.28 zander (pike-perch) p14.1.10 Zea: maize p 8.2.34 zeatin 2.3.23 zebra p 12.4.31 zebrafish p 18.2.38 zeitgeber 7.4.2, 1.2.15 Zeneca Agrochemicals 9.3.14 zero 18.4.28 zero gravity, life in 3.1.4 zidovudine 14.1.37 Ziehl-Neelsen technique 8.2.2 zinc in soil, bryophytes as indicators 3.1.32 zinc 2.5.38 Zingiber, ginger p 4.3.7 Z-line 3.1.12, d 2.4.2 Zn, plant nutrient 4.3.12 zona pellucida 17.1.2, 16.1.2 zona pellucida 11.5.21, 6.4.2, d 2.1.2 zoo animals, abnormal behaviour 4.2.7 zoonosis 14.1.37, 12.4.39 zoophilic 11.1.27 zooplankton 15.3.33 zoos 9.3.21 zoos: breeding programme 9.3.21

61