DOCSLIB.ORG

2,3-Bisphosphoglycerate (2,3-BPG)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

11-cis retinal 5.4.2 achondroplasia 19.1.21 active transport, salt 3.4.19 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate 11.2.2 acid-base balance 18.3.34 activity cycle, flies 2.2.2 2,4-D herbicide 3.3.22, d1.4.23 acid coagulation cheese 15.4.36 activity rhythms, locomotor 7.4.2 2,6-D herbicide, mode of action acid growth hypothesis, plant cells actogram 7.4.2 3.2.22 3.3.22 acute mountain sickness 8.4.19 2-3 diphosphoglycerate, 2-3-DPG, acid hydrolases 15.2.36 acute neuritis 13.5.32 in RBCs 3.2.25 acid in gut 5.1.2 acute pancreatitis 9.3.24 2C fragments, selective weedkillers acid rain 13.2.10, 10.3.25, 4.2.27 acyltransferases 11.5.39 d1.4.23 1.1.15 Adams, Mikhail 12.3.39 3' end 4.3.23 acid rain and NO 14.4.18 adaptation 19.2.26, 7.2.31 3D formula of glucose d16.2.15 acid rain, effects on plants 1.1.15 adaptation, chemosensory, 3-D imaging 4.5.20 acid rain, mobilization of soil in bacteria 1.1.27 3-D models, molecular 5.3.7 aluminium 3.4.27 adaptation, frog reproduction 3-D reconstruction of cells 18.1.16 acid rain: formation 13.2.10 17.2.17 3-D shape of molecules 7.2.19 acid 1.4.16 adaptations: cereals 3.3.30 3-D shapes of proteins 6.1.31 acid-alcohol-fast bacteria 14.1.30 adaptations: sperm 10.5.2 3-phosphoglycerate 5.4.30 acidification of freshwater 1.1.15 adaptive immune response 5' end 4.3.23 acidification 3.4.27 19.4.14, 18.1.2 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) 12.1.28, acidification, Al and fish deaths adaptive immunity 19.4.34, 5.1.35 3.4.27 d16.3.31, 5.5.15 6-aminopenicillanic acid 12.1.36 acidification, Al and loss of adaptive radiation 8.5.7 7-spot ladybird larva p9.2.7 invertebrates 3.4.27 adaptive thermogenesis 9.2.33 A blood group in Britain d2.4.25 acidification, Al and snowmelt 3.4.27 ADAS 4.1.28, 2.2.19 ABA, abscisic acid 5.1.27 acidity of soil, mineral availability adenine in ATP 6.1.12 abaca fibre 6.3.30 1.1.24 adenine Abbe, Ernst 2.1.21 acidosis 18.3.34, 7.5.22 12.5.22, 12.1.26, 10.4.15, 10.1.36 abiotic 12.1.6 acinar cells 9.3.24 adeno-associated virus (AAV) abiotic/biotic factors 17.1.38, 10.5.6 acinar cells: pancreas 13.5.2 12.4.11 abnormal behaviour in zoos 4.2.7 Acinonyx jubatus p 14.2.7, p 14.1.19 adenohypophysis 5.3.25 ABO blood group system 9.5.10, acinus, human d 9.3.24 adenoma 11.1.38 7.5.38, 2.4.25, 3.2.25 acne 9.1.29, 3.2.2 adenomatous polyposis coli gene abortion 12.4.36, 7.2.10 acoelomate d 4.3.2 4.1.22 Abruzzi National Park 13.5.24 aconitic acid 1.2.6 adenosine 3'5'-cyclic abscissic acid 2.3.23 acorns 6.2.11 monophosphate 2.2.20 abscission 7.3.13 acoustic tag, grey seals 1.4.30 adenosine deaminase (ADA) absorption in gut 5.1.2 Acquired Immune Deficiency 10.4.2 absorption spectra, cones 17.4.24 Syndrome - see AIDS adenosine diphosphate - see ADP absorption 12.5.9 acquired resistance 12.2.28 adenosine triphosphate – see ATP abundance scales 10.5.6 acrosome 17.1.2, 15.4.10 adenosine 7.5.19 abundance, measuring 6.3.19 acrosome reaction 2.1.2 adenovirus 15.2.30, 12.4.11, 7.4.6 abzymes 5.4.40 Acrostichum aureum 12.3.8 adenylate cyclase 2.2.20 Acacia scrub 2.3.11 acrylamide 5.5.34 ADH – see antidiuretic hormone accelerating voltage 13.2.32 actin filaments 8.4.6, 8.3.2, 2.5.18 adhesins 7.3.2 acceptor 15.4.28 actin 19.4.25, 13.1.32, d 11.2.36, adhesive peptides 5.4.7 accessory proteins 10.4.32 3.1.12, 2.4.2 Adiantum capillus veneris 12.2.13 acclimatisation in micropropagation actin, in amoebae 2.2.6 adipocytes 17.3.2, 3.1.36 5.3.31 actin-myosin ratchet 19.4.25 adipose tissue 15.3.30, 1.4.11 accommodation, eye d17.2.9, 1.5.7 Actinia equina & A. fragacea 6.2.7 adipose 10.1.17 accumulation of insecticides in actinomycete bacteria adjuvants 15.1.39, 4.3.32 food chains d2.1.35 15.3.33, 5.4.27 Admission Service, Universities accumulation of pollutants 2.1.10 Actinosphaerium p19.3.34 p2.2.6 and Colleges (UCAS) 14.1.34 ACE, angiotensin converting action potential 18.3.2,16.2.33, adolescence 19.3.2 enzyme d5.3.7 13.3.10, 7.3.38, 4.3.26, 1.3.2 ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase acetic acid 11.3.10 action potentials in plants 4.3.26 12.1.2 aceto-acetic acid 3.5.37 activated sludge 13.4.25, p 1.4.35 ADP 2.4.12, 6.1.12, acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl coA) activation analysis 6.2.14 5.2.25, 3.3.40, 1.2.6 15.3.37, 9.1.7, 6.2.2, 9.1.7, 1.2.6, activation energy barrier 15.1.2 adrenaline 19.2.11, 13.1.22, 1.1.30 activation energy 19.1.2, 5.4.40 12.4.29, 8.3.21, 5.2.27, 4.1.19 acetylcholine (Ach) 14.4.34, 5.3.28, activation of synaptic receptor 5.1.35 adrenocorticotrophic hormone 11.4.30, 18.3.21 activator protein 6.5.2 (ACTH) 12.5.2 acetylcholine at synapse 16.2.33 activators 12.5.22 adsorption chromatography 3.4.12 acetylcholine receptor 8.2.7 active immunity 6.2.20 adult stem cells 16.2.21 acetylcholinesterase 10.2.23 active site, enzymes Advisory Committee for Release into acetylcholinesterase, 19.1.2, 15.1.2, 13.5.10, 1.5.16 the Environment (ACRE) 12.3.2 effect of pesticides 2.1.35 active sodium pumping 4.3.26 Advisory Committee on Novel Foods acetylsalicylic acid, see aspirin active stroke, cilium d 6.3.2 and Processes (ACNFP) 12.3.2 ACG and T 4.2.25 active transport 7.1.28, 5.2.2, 3.3.40 AEA, advanced extension award Achilles tendon 3.4.23, 7.1.10 active transport across membranes 15.3.8 Achnanthes, diatom p 2.5.35 6.4.16 Aeolids 14.3.20 2 aerenchyma 13.3.30 agriculture; GM crops 17.2.24 algal crust 14.2.2 aerobic ATP production 1.3.30 Agrobacterium tumefaciens algal spore p2.5.35 aerobic biological sewage treatment 12.1.18, 11.2.19, 6.5.16 algicides 15.3.33 13.4.25 Agrobacterium alginate 4.3.29 aerobic carbohydrate metabolism 12.3.2 alien invaders 6.1.25, 5.5.8 6.4.11 agro-biotech 16.1.21 aliphatic compounds 11.3.22 aerobic dives 6.1.6 agrochemical industry, careers in Alistair Fitter p18.2.42 aerobic fat metabolism 6.4.11 5.2.36 alkali in gut 5.1.2 aerobic metabolism 13.1.11, 6.2.2 agronomic improvements 7.4.34 alkalinophiles 9.2.2 aerobic respiration 19.2.14 Agrostis stolonifera p 13.5.29 alkaloids 11.5.11 aerobic respiration in symbioses AIDGAP key 3.1.25 alkaptonuria genetics 18.4.34 7.4.8 AIDS - viral infection 12.2.2 alkylating agents 6.5.14 Aeromonas hydrophila 1.3.17 AIDs causes 3.4.15 all trans retinal 5.4.2 aerosol sprays 3.3.2 AIDs diagnosis 1.2.19 Allan, Norman a 10.4.40 A-esterases, detoxifying action AIDs treatment 3.4.15 allele 19.4.10, 19.3.38, 17.1.6, 2.1.35 AIDS 14.1.37, 14.1.22, 13.3.14, 15.2.9, 14.2.26, 5.4.35, 3.3.33, aestivation, snails 3.2.30 12.2.2, 10.3.33, 9.2.33, 8.2.2, 2.5.2, 2.2.2 afferent signals 12.5.2 7.5.28, 7.4.30, 1.3.38, 1.2.19, allergens 5.3.38 affinity chromatography 3.4.12 1.1.12, 5.4.10 allergic reaction p14.3.2 affinity of haemoglobin for oxygen AIDS, opportunistic infections in allergy 19.2.11 3.2.25 14.4.21 allergy testing p19.2.2 aflatoxin 13.3.26, 9.5.7 AIDS: symptoms 10.3.33 allergy to dust mites 5.3.38 afp genes 14.3.6 Ailuropoda melanoleuca p 17.1.6 alligator farming 7.1.7 Africa, deforestation 2.3.11 air pollution d9.4.32, 1.1.15 alligator, egg incubation 7.1.7 African gaboon viper p8.2.7 air pollution, human health 2.5.24 alligators 1.2.2 African sleeping sickness 19.3.42 air sacs, bird d3.5.29 alliinase 17.3.7 Agalychnis, leaf frogs p17.2.17 air-dried 13.3.6 Allium ursinum p9.4.21 agar 4.3.29 air-lift fermenter 8.5.35, d2.2.12 allogenic vaccines 15.1.39 agar plate, Staphylococcus air-lift system for growing plant cells allograft 12.1.14 p 19.4.30 d2.2.36 Allolobophora p8.3.14 Agaricus bisporus, life cycle d 5.4.27 airways, pollution effect on d9.4.32 allometric growth 13.4.29 agarose gel electrophoresis 11.4.10 alarm, in stress 5.2.27 allometry 6.1.2 age classes 3.1.25 Alaska 12.3.39 allomone 9.3.29 age mutations 10.3.18 Alaska, Glacier Bay pd14.2.2 allopatric speciation AGE, advanced glycosylation Alaskan tundra p9.5.18 16.2.24, 8.5.7, 4.5.8 end products 6.4.26 albatross and sail plane p5.1.30 all-or-nothing rule of action potential age, determining,hedgehog 4.2.31 albatrosses p10.3.18 4.3.26 ageing and brain 5.3.28 albinism 19.4.10,12.4.29 allosteric inhibitor (NADH) in bacteria ageing 14.3.33, d14.1.2, 10.3.18, albino gene in mice p5.5.39 1.2.6 6.4.26 albino 5.4.35 allosteric regulation 12.1.2 ageing, of lens 1.5.7 albumin 12.5.9, 12.2.22, allosterism 1.5.16 ageing: reductionist approach 7.1.35, 6.2.40 Alnus, alder p 1.4.2 10.3.18 Alcaligenes eutrophus p4.2.35, alopecia 10.3.37 agglutination d9.5.10 3.5.34 alpaca 1.4.9 agglutinin 3.2.25 Alcedo atthis 12.4.31 alpha and beta cells, islet of agglutinogen 3.2.25 alcohol 14.2.14 Langerhans 15.2.30 aggregated platelets p2.4.12 alcohol abuse/alcoholism 7.4.16 alpha and beta globins 6.1.16 aggregation of aphids 3.3.35 alcohol and heart disease 18.1.21 alpha and beta receptors aggregation of slime mould cells alcohol dehydrogenase 18.3.21, 4.1.19 17.3.21 7.4.16, 5.2.18, 2.4.21 alpha granules 13.1.32 aggregation 13.1.32 alcohol metabolism 7.4.16, 5.2.18 alpha helix 19.3.28, 7.5.28, 1.5.16 aggression in sea anemones 6.2.7 alcohol tolerant yeasts 2.2.30 alpha hormone, yeast 2.2.30 aggression 12.1.28 alcohol toxicity 7.4.16 alpha-1-antitrypsin 15.2.39, 7.1.35 agonists 15.3.30, 13.3.10, 7.5.14, alcohol 9.1.22, 5.3.10, 2.2.30 alpha-lactalbumin 2.3.15 1.5.2 alcoholic beverage 1.4.25 alpha 1-4 linkage d19.1 12 agouti colour 5.4.35 alder,Alnus p 14.2.2, p 1.4.2 alpha 1-6 linkage d19.1 12 AGPase 12.1.2 alderfly larva p 2.4.40 alpine penny cress p19.4.2 Agricultural Development and alderfly, Sialis, adult p 3.1.25 Alsophis antiguae p18.1.7 Advisory Service 2.2.19 ALDH2 and ALDH1 7.4.16 altering balance of growth and agricultural: microorganisms 11.5.2 aldoses 5.4.16 differentiation 2.4.9 agriculture 19.2.21 aldosterone 12.5.9, 1.3.7 altitude: body's response 8.4.19
Recommended publications
  • Addis Ababa University College of Natural Sciences Center for Food

    Addis Ababa University College of Natural Sciences Center for Food

    Addis Ababa University College of Natural Sciences Center for Food Science and Nutrition Adequacy of Iodine Content and Level of Contaminants in Edible Salts Produced In Ethiopia BY: Henok Araya Advisor: Dr. Ashagrie Zewdu A Thesis submitted to Center for Food Science and Nutrition College of Natural Science of Addis Ababa University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Masters in Food Science and Nutrition January,2016 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia i Contents ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .............................................................................................................. v LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................................................... vi LIST OF APPENDICES ............................................................................................................... vii ANNEX........................................................................................................................................ viii LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ...................................................................... ix ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................... xi 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1. Background of the study .....................................................................................................
  • Determination of Iodate in Iodised Salt by Redox Titration

    Determination of Iodate in Iodised Salt by Redox Titration

    College of Science Determination of Iodate in Iodised Salt by Redox Titration Safety • 0.6 M potassium iodide solution (10 g solid KI made up to 100 mL with distilled water) • 0.5% starch indicator solution Lab coats, safety glasses and enclosed footwear must (see below for preparation) be worn at all times in the laboratory. • 250 mL volumetric flask Introduction • 50 mL pipette (or 20 and 10 mL pipettes) • 250 mL conical flasks New Zealand soil is low in iodine and hence New Zealand food is low in iodine. Until iodised salt was • 10 mL measuring cylinder commonly used (starting in 1924), a large proportion • burette and stand of school children were reported as being affected • distilled water by iodine deficiency – as high as 60% in Canterbury schools, and averaging 20 − 40% overall. In the worst cases this deficiency can lead to disorders such as Method goitre, and impaired physical and mental development. 1. Preparation of 0.002 mol L−1 sodium thiosulfate In earlier times salt was “iodised” by the addition of solution: Accurately weigh about 2.5 g of solid potassium iodide; however, nowadays iodine is more sodium thiosulfate (NaS2O3•5H2O) and dissolve in commonly added in the form of potassium iodate 100 mL of distilled water in a volumetric flask. (This gives a 0.1 mol L−1 solution). Then use a pipette to (KIO3). The Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code specifies that iodised salt must contain: “equivalent to transfer 10 mL of this solution to a 500 mL volumetric no less than 25 mg/kg of iodine; and no more than 65 flask and dilute by adding distilled water up to the mg/kg of iodine”.
  • Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia)

    Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia)

    University of New Hampshire University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository Doctoral Dissertations Student Scholarship Fall 1977 A MONOGRAPHIC STUDY OF THE NEW ENGLAND CORYPHELLIDAE (GASTROPODA: OPISTHOBRANCHIA) ALAN MITCHELL KUZIRIAN Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation Recommended Citation KUZIRIAN, ALAN MITCHELL, "A MONOGRAPHIC STUDY OF THE NEW ENGLAND CORYPHELLIDAE (GASTROPODA: OPISTHOBRANCHIA)" (1977). Doctoral Dissertations. 1169. https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation/1169 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship at University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1.The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image.
  • Other Salts and Salt Substitutes

    Other Salts and Salt Substitutes

    Other Salts and Salt Substitutes Sea salt, rock salt and Himalayan salt Iodised Salt Many people switch to more expensive and premium forms of Action on Salt acknowledges that iodine deficiency is a salt, such as sea salt and pink Himalayan salt, because they potentially serious problem in the UK, particularly in believe that they are healthier than regular table salt. Surveys teenage girls and in unplanned pregnancies. However, we have shown that 61% of consumers believe that sea salt is are concerned about the public health implication of using lower in sodium than table salt. Garlic salt and celery salt are iodised table salt as the solution, when iodine can be also popular alternatives to standard table salt. obtained from many other sources. Food companies and chefs often highlight the fact that sea We feel that, given the high intake of salt we have in the UK salt has been used in a food with the implication that it makes and the progress that is being made, making salt beneficial it a tastier and more natural product. to our diet is a conflict in public health. If people are aware of their need to increase iodine consumption we do not Do not be deceived! Salt is salt. want them to think that increasing their intake of table salt is the answer. No matter how expensive salt is, whether it comes in crystals White fish, shellfish, oily fish, cow’s milk, yogurt and eggs or grains, from the sea or from the Himalayas, our research are a good source of iodine.
  • Studies on Cnidophage, Specialized Cell for Kleptocnida, of Pteraeolidia Semperi (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Nudibranchia)

    Studies on Cnidophage, Specialized Cell for Kleptocnida, of Pteraeolidia Semperi (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Nudibranchia)

    Studies on Cnidophage, Specialized Cell for Kleptocnida, of Pteraeolidia semperi (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Nudibranchia) January 2021 Togawa Yumiko Studies on Cnidophage, Specialized Cell for Kleptocnida, of Pteraeolidia semperi (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Nudibranchia) A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, the University of Tsukuba in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Doctoral Program in Life Sciences and Bioengineering) Togawa Yumiko Table of Contents General Introduction ...........................................................................................2 References .............................................................................................................5 Part Ⅰ Formation process of ceras rows in the cladobranchian sea slug Pteraeolidia semperi Introduction ..........................................................................................................6 Materials and Methods ........................................................................................8 Results and Discussion........................................................................................13 References............................................................................................................18 Figures and Tables .............................................................................................21 Part II Development, regeneration and ultrastructure of ceras, cnidosac and cnidophage, specialized organ, tissue
  • HM B Lecture Notes Docx

    HM B Lecture Notes Docx

    HM B Lecture notes Lecture 1: Diet-related problems in Australia Rosemary Stanton Introduction • Integrated model (all are interrelated): o Health o What we eat o Social equity o Protection of land and water (climate change/sustainability) Australians • Eat more: o Snack foods, fast foods, restaurants, soft drinks/energy drinks, instant noodles (fat/salt), cheese, wine Expense is an important factor • Eat less: o Fruit, vegetables, milk, breakfast cereal, bread (wholegrain) • Problems: o Overweight (kJ), underweight o Dental caries (refined carbs) o Coronary heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes (saturated fat) o Cancers – bowel, breast, prostate (saturated fat) o Nutrient deficiencies – especially iodine and vitamin D o Gall stones (fat), constipation, osteoporosis Dietary problems • Fat, especially saturated fats • Trans fats o Eg: oleic acid o Vegetable oils that have been partially hydrogenated for better shelf life o Increase LDL cholesterol and decrease HDL cholesterol • Poor quality carbohydrates • Salt • Alcohol Deficiencies • Iodine – dairies have stopped using iodine for milk processing o Especially important in pregnant women o Bread, begun using iodised salt • Vitamin D – produced by sun exposure o Fat soluble, a hormone o People are scared of skin cancers, and thus avoid the sun completely Should come out before 11 and after 2-3pm o Deficiency can result in misshapen bones o Risk: elderly, cultural, religious • Omega 3 fats, calcium (especially teenage girls) • Dietary fibre – from fruit and veges o Results in constipation
  • Squid Giant Axon (Glia/Neurons/Secretion)

    Squid Giant Axon (Glia/Neurons/Secretion)

    Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 71, No. 4, pp. 1188-1192, April 1974 Transfer of Newly Synthesized Proteins from Schwann Cells to the Squid Giant Axon (glia/neurons/secretion) R. J. LASEK*, H. GAINERt, AND R. J. PRZYBYLSKI* Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543 Communicated by Walle J. H. Nauta, November 28, 1973 ABSTRACT The squid giant axon is presented as a teins synthesized in the Schwann cells surrounding the axon model for the study of macromolecular interaction be- tween cells in the nervous system. When the isolated giant are subsequently transferred into the axoplasm. axon was incubated in sea water containing [3Hjleucine MATERIALS AND METHODS for 0.5-5 hr, newly synthesized proteins appeared in the sheath and axoplasm as demonstrated by: (i) radioautogra- Protein synthesis was studied in squid giant axons obtained phy, (ii) separation of the -sheath and axoplasm by extru- from live squid which were kept in a sea tank and used within sion, and (iii) perfusion of electrically excitable axons. hr of obtained The absence of ribosomal RNA in the axoplasm [Lasek, 48 capture. The giant axons were by decapitat- R. J. et al. (1973) Nature 244, 162-165] coupled with other ing the squid and dissecting the axons under a stream of run- evidence indicates that the labeled proteins that are found ning sea water. The axons, 4-6 cm long, were tied with thread in the axoplasm originate in the Schwann cells surrounding at both ends, removed from the mantle, and cleaned of ad- the axon. Approximately 50%70 of the newly synthesized hering connective tissue in a petri dish filled with sea water Schwann cell proteins are transferred to the giant axon.
  • Effects of Temperature on Escape Jetting in the Squid Loligo Opalescens

    Effects of Temperature on Escape Jetting in the Squid Loligo Opalescens

    The Journal of Experimental Biology 203, 547–557 (2000) 547 Printed in Great Britain © The Company of Biologists Limited 2000 JEB2451 EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON ESCAPE JETTING IN THE SQUID LOLIGO OPALESCENS H. NEUMEISTER*,§, B. RIPLEY*, T. PREUSS§ AND W. F. GILLY‡ Hopkins Marine Station of Stanford University, Department of Biological Science, 120 Ocean View Boulevard, Pacific Grove, 93950 CA, USA *Authors have contributed equally ‡Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected]) §Present address: Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA Accepted 19 November 1999; published on WWW 17 January 2000 Summary In Loligo opalescens, a sudden visual stimulus (flash) giant and non-giant motor axons in isolated nerve–muscle elicits a stereotyped, short-latency escape response that is preparations failed to show the effects seen in vivo, i.e. controlled primarily by the giant axon system at 15 °C. We increased peak force and increased neural activity at low used this startle response as an assay to examine the effects temperature. Taken together, these results suggest that of acute temperature changes down to 6 °C on behavioral L. opalescens is able to compensate escape jetting and physiological aspects of escape jetting. In free- performance for the effects of acute temperature reduction. swimming squid, latency, distance traveled and peak A major portion of this compensation appears to occur in velocity for single escape jets all increased as temperature the central nervous system and involves alterations in the decreased. In restrained squid, intra-mantle pressure recruitment pattern of both the giant and non-giant axon transients during escape jets increased in latency, duration systems.
  • Consideration of Mandatory Fortification with Iodine for Australia and New Zealand Food Technology Report

    Consideration of Mandatory Fortification with Iodine for Australia and New Zealand Food Technology Report

    CONSIDERATION OF MANDATORY FORTIFICATION WITH IODINE FOR AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND FOOD TECHNOLOGY REPORT December 2007 1 Introduction Food Standards Australia New Zealand is considering mandatory fortification of the food supply in Australia and New Zealand with iodine. Generally, the addition of iodine to foods is technologically feasible. However, in some instances the addition of iodine can lead to quality changes in food products such as appearance, taste, odour, texture and shelf life. These changes will depend on the chemical form of iodine used as a fortificant, the chemistry of the food that is being fortified, the food processes involved in manufacture and possible processing interactions that could occur during distribution and storage. Many foods have been fortified with iodine and the potassium salts of iodine compounds have been used as the preferred form. 2 Forms of Iodine Iodine is normally introduced, or supplemented, as the iodide or iodate of potassium, calcium or sodium. The following table lists different chemical forms of iodine along with their important physical properties. Table 1: Physical Properties of Iodine and its Compounds Name Chemical Formula % Iodine Solubility in water (g/L) 0°C 20°C 30°C 40°C 60°C Iodine I2 100 - - 0.3 0.4 0.6 Calcium iodide CaI2 86.5 646 676 690 708 740 Calcium iodate Ca(IO3)2.6H2O 65.0 - 1.0 4.2 6.1 13.6 Potassium iodide KI 76.5 1280 1440 1520 1600 1760 Potassium iodate KIO3 59.5 47.3 81.3 117 128 185 Sodium iodide NaI.2H20 85.0 1590 1790 1900 2050 2570 Sodium iodate NaIO3 64.0 - 25.0 90.0 150 210 Adapted from Mannar and Dunn (1995) 2.1 Potassium Iodide Potassium iodide (KI) is highly soluble in water.

  • The Extraordinary Genus Myja Is Not a Tergipedid, but Related to the Facelinidae S

    A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 818: 89–116 (2019)The extraordinary genusMyja is not a tergipedid, but related to... 89 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.818.30477 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research The extraordinary genus Myja is not a tergipedid, but related to the Facelinidae s. str. with the addition of two new species from Japan (Mollusca, Nudibranchia) Alexander Martynov1, Rahul Mehrotra2,3, Suchana Chavanich2,4, Rie Nakano5, Sho Kashio6, Kennet Lundin7,8, Bernard Picton9,10, Tatiana Korshunova1,11 1 Zoological Museum, Moscow State University, Bolshaya Nikitskaya Str. 6, 125009 Moscow, Russia 2 Reef Biology Research Group, Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand 3 New Heaven Reef Conservation Program, 48 Moo 3, Koh Tao, Suratthani 84360, Thailand 4 Center for Marine Biotechnology, Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn Univer- sity, Bangkok 10330, Thailand5 Kuroshio Biological Research Foundation, 560-I, Nishidomari, Otsuki, Hata- Gun, Kochi, 788-0333, Japan 6 Natural History Museum, Kishiwada City, 6-5 Sakaimachi, Kishiwada, Osaka Prefecture 596-0072, Japan 7 Gothenburg Natural History Museum, Box 7283, S-40235, Gothenburg, Sweden 8 Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Box 461, S-40530, Gothenburg, Sweden 9 National Mu- seums Northern Ireland, Holywood, Northern Ireland, UK 10 Queen’s University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK 11 Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology RAS, 26 Vavilova Str., 119334 Moscow, Russia Corresponding author: Alexander Martynov ([email protected]) Academic editor: Nathalie Yonow | Received 10 October 2018 | Accepted 3 January 2019 | Published 23 January 2019 http://zoobank.org/85650B90-B4DD-4FE0-8C16-FD34BA805C07 Citation: Martynov A, Mehrotra R, Chavanich S, Nakano R, Kashio S, Lundin K, Picton B, Korshunova T (2019) The extraordinary genus Myja is not a tergipedid, but related to the Facelinidae s.
  • Salt (1) Salt, Other Than Crude Rock Salt, Shall Be Crystalline Sodium Chloride

    Salt (1) Salt, Other Than Crude Rock Salt, Shall Be Crystalline Sodium Chloride

    Regulation 283 – Salt (1) Salt, other than crude rock salt, shall be crystalline sodium chloride. (2) On a water-free basis, salt- (a) shall contain not less than 95 per cent of sodium chloride, food additive excluded; (b) may contain not more than- (i) 1.4 per cent of sulphates, calculated as calcium sulphate (CaSO4); (ii) 0.5 per cent of calcium and magnesium chloride (CaCl2 and MgCl2); and (iii) 0.1 per cent of substances other than calcium sulphate, insoluble in cold water; and (c) shall not contain metal contaminant in a proportion greater than that specified in the Fourteenth Schedule. (3) Salt may contain not more than 10 mg/kg of potassium ferrocyanide, sodium ferrocyanide or ferric ammonium citrate or any combination of these as permitted food conditioner. (4) Any reference in these Regulations to salt as an ingredient in food shall be deemed to be also a reference to iodised salt and iodised table salt and to iodised table salt. (5) No person shall import, manufacture for sale, sell, expose or offer for sale, consign or deliver salt for household use and human consumption unless there has been added to it potassium iodide or iodate, or sodium iodide or iodate in a proportion equivalent to not less than 20 mg/kg and not more than 40 mg/kg of iodine. (6) There shall be written in the label on a package containing iodised salt the word “Iodised Salt”. Regulation 284 – Table salt (1) Table salt shall be refined salt. It shall contain not less than 97 per cent of sodium chloride on a water-free basis, food additive excluded and shall not lose more than 1 per cent of its weight on drying at 130°C.
  • Effect of Fmrfamide on Voltage-Dependent Currents In

    Effect of Fmrfamide on Voltage-Dependent Currents In

    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.29.318691; this version posted October 1, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. A. Chrachri 1 Effect of FMRFamide on voltage-dependent currents in identified centrifugal 2 neurons of the optic lobe of the cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis 3 4 Abdesslam Chrachri 5 University of Plymouth, Dept of Biological Sciences, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 6 8AA, UK and the Marine Biological Association of the UK, Citadel Hill, Plymouth 7 PL1 2PB, UK 8 Phone: 07931150796 9 Email: [email protected] 10 11 Running title: Membrane currents in centrifugal neurons 12 13 Key words: cephalopod, voltage-clamp, potassium current, calcium currents, sodium 14 current, FMRFamide. 15 16 Summary: FMRFamide modulate the ionic currents in identified centrifugal neurons 17 in the optic lobe of cuttlefish: thus, FMRFamide could play a key role in visual 18 processing of these animals. 19 - 1 - bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.29.318691; this version posted October 1, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. A. Chrachri 20 Abstract 21 Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from identified centrifugal neurons of the optic 22 lobe in a slice preparation allowed the characterization of five voltage-dependent 23 currents; two outward and three inward currents. The outward currents were; the 4- 24 aminopyridine-sensitive transient potassium or A-current (IA), the TEA-sensitive 25 sustained current or delayed rectifier (IK).